St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
Charles Borromeo stated that churches ought to be oriented exactly east, in line with the rising sun at the [[equinoxes]], not at the [[solstices]], but some churches seem to be oriented to sunrise on the [[feast day]] of their patron saint. Thus [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna]] is oriented in line with sunrise on [[St. Stephen's Day]], 26 December, in [[Julian calendar]] 1137, when it began to be built. However, a survey of old English churches published in 2006 showed practically no relationship with the feast days of the saints to whom they are dedicated. The results also did not conform to a theory that compass readings could have caused the variants. Taken as a body, those churches can only be said to have been oriented approximately but not exactly to the geographical east.