Bergkiefer
In Scandinavia, Finland and the Baltic region, "Pinus mugo" was introduced in the late 1700's and 1800's where it was planted in coastal regions for sand dune stabilization, and later as ornamental plants around residences. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the species has naturalised and become invasive, displacing fragile dune and dune heath habitats. In Estonia and Lithuania "pinus mugo" only occasionally naturalises outside plantations, sometimes establishing in raised bogs.