Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
According to The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, issued at the turn of the 19 - 20th centuries, there were 32,087 thousand Kumyks in Dagestan (which at that tim did not comprised the Northern Kumykia). According to an 1891 survey , 108,800 Kumyks lived in the Dagestan and Terek oblasts of the Russian Empire.