Parti ouvrier français
Born in Fêche-l'Église, he moved to Algeria as a 13-year-old and stayed four years in the colony before returning home. He then became a member of the French Workers' Party (POF) and was praised in its paper, "Le Socialiste", for his activity in Franche-Comté. He was also for a time associated with the followers of Jules Guesde.