الإمبريالية الجديدة
Progress was not necessarily, however, positive. Arthur Gobineau's "An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races" (1853–55) was a decadent description of the evolution of the Aryan race which was disappearing through miscegenation. Gobineau's works had a large popularity in the so-called scientific racism theories that developed during the New Imperialism period.