معاهدة الاتحاد الأوروبي
The European Public Health Alliance (EPHA) organisation was established in 1993 after the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 which for the first time gave the European Community responsibilities in health protection. The European Community Amsterdam Treaty Article 152 extended EU competence to "promoting" health of European citizens, in addition to "protecting" it as in Article 129 of the Maastricht Treaty.