White Russia
The name "Rus" is often conflated with its Latin forms "Russia" and "Ruthenia", thus Belarus is often referred to as "White Russia" or "White Ruthenia". The name first appeared in German and Latin medieval literature; the chronicles of Jan of Czarnków mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila and his mother at "" in 1381. In some languages the country is often still referred to by a literal translation of "White Russia", including Dutch and Afrikaans (both '), and German ('). However, here too a gradual shift towards "Belarus" may be observed in some countries, such as the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.