ملكية دستورية
However most, if not all, characteristics of the current centralized state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands were foreshadowed by the accomplishments of the Batavian Republic, not least the liberal 1848 Constitution. That constitution restored the central tenets of the democratic "Staatsregeling" of 1798, under the guise of a Constitutional monarchy, as its author Johan Rudolph Thorbecke acknowledged.