Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
Other possible sources for the narrative include Ibn Tufail's "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan", and Spanish sixteenth-century sailor Pedro Serrano. Ibn Tufail's "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan" is a twelfth-century philosophical novel also set on a desert island, and translated from Arabic into Latin and English a number of times in the half-century preceding Defoe's novel.