Nogai Horde
In the 15th to 17th centuries the Astrakhan Tatars inhabited the Astrakhan Khanate (1459–1556), which was also inhabited by the Nogai Horde, and the Astrakhan Tatars experienced a profound effect on Nogais. Since the 17th century there has been an increased interaction and ethnic mixing of the Astrakhan Tatars with Kazan Tatars.