明命帝
Under Gia Long three kinds of cash coins were produced in smaller denominations made of copper, lead, and zinc. From 1837 under the reign of Minh Mạng 1 "Mạch" (陌) brass cash coins were issued, these cash coins feature Minh Mạng Thông Bảo (明命通寶) on their obverses but have 8 characters on their reverses. 1 "Mạch" coins would be continued under subsequent rulers of the Nguyễn dynasty.