Alexis of Russia
It was near the Muravsky Trail used by Crimeans and Nogais to raid Muscovy. In 1637 it was founded as a fort. In 1647 it became a city with the name Tsaryov-Alekseev after Tsar Alexis of Russia. In 1655 it was named Novy Oskol to distinguish it from Stary Oskol (Old Oskol) to the north.