Dnieper Ukraine
Multiple variations of the [[Anarchist symbolism#Black flag|black]] and [[Red flag (politics)|red flags]] were used by the Makhnovists during the Russian Civil War. These banners were inscribed either with anarchist and socialist slogans or with the name of the unit using the flag. Ukrainian anarchist [[Viktor Belash]] said in his memoirs that flags with slogans such as "Power generates parasites, Long live Anarchy!" and "All power to the soviets right now!" were used at the [[Gulyai-Polye]] district soviet and Insurgent Army headquarters. A photo showing a flag with a [[Totenkopf|death's head]] and the motto "Death to all those who stand in the way of the working people." is often attributed to Makhnovists, first in the Soviet Russian book "Jewish Pogroms 1917–1921" by Z.S. Ostrovsky, but this was denied by Nestor Makhno, who said the photo "does not show Makhnovists at all". The reverse side of this flag has words translating roughly to "Kish of [[Dnieper Ukraine|the Dnieper]]". The word "Kish", meaning a [[Cossack]] camp, at this time was used by the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] to refer to battalions of the [[Ukrainian People's Army]].