Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
When first proposed, neocolonialism labelled European countries' continued economic and cultural relationships with their former colonies, African countries that had been liberated in the aftermath of Second World War. Kwame Nkrumah, former president of Ghana (1960–66), coined the term, which appeared in the 1963 preamble of the Organisation of African Unity Charter, and was the title of his 1965 book "Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism" (1965). Nkrumah theoretically developed and extended to the post–War 20th century the socio-economic and political arguments presented by Lenin in the pamphlet "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism" (1917). The pamphlet frames 19th-century imperialism as the logical extension of geopolitical power, to meet the financial investment needs of the political economy of capitalism. In "Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism", Kwame Nkrumah wrote: