Zhao Gao
One "chengyu" (Chinese idiomatic expression) that is derived from an incident involving Zhao Gao is "point to a deer and call it a horse" () or "calling a deer a horse", meaning "deliberate peddling of a falsehood". The "Records of the Grand Historian" records that Zhao Gao, in an attempt to control the Qin government, devised a loyalty test for court officials using a deer and horse: