ドイツ独立社会民主党
In 1919 he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. In the following year, he fought as a commander for the "Red Ruhr Army" against the Kapp Putsch, Freikorps groups, and the Reichswehr during the Ruhr Uprising. In 1920, he joined the Communist Party of Germany. When France occupied the Ruhr area, he fought in resistance.