Sutan Sjahrir
In December 1930, Sutan Sjahrir established an organization called Indonesian Nationalist Education (), known as the New PNI ("PNI Baru") as a rival to the Indonesia Party (Partindo), which was itself a replacement for the original PNI. Rather than confronting the Dutch, the PNI-Baru aimed to nurture future political leaders, rather than take direct action. In 1932, Mohammad Hatta became the organization's leader, but two years later he and Sjahrir were arrested and the PNI-Baru faded away.