총파업
Between 1890 and 1914, there is a record of fifty violent strikes occurring within the U.S, twenty-two of which occurred between 1910–1913. One of the largest strikes of this era was the 1909-1910 Philadelphia General strike. The rights of workers to unionise was neither granted nor protected by statutory law prior to WWI. However, in common law labor organisations ceased to be viewed as illegal conspiracies as early as 1842, although some prosecutions were made as late as 1890. The Homestead Strike (1892) is one of the largest and most violent strikes which occurred within this era.