汉文帝
The rich families of Huang-Lao may be said to have considered the emperor a "primus inter pares" (first among equals; the senior or representative member of a group) rather than someone vested with absolute authority. Naturally, as someone favoring his class and ideology with it, Sima Tan's work was rather biased towards Daoism and feudalism (or the Chinese version of it). Sima Qian considered Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Jing of Han, the Empress Dowager, Cao Can, Chen Ping and Tian Shu to be Huang-Lao proponents.