Battle of Nanking
Ma Chao-chun (; Pinyin: "Mǎ Chāojùn"; 1886–1977) was the mayor of Nanjing in the period prior to the Battle of Nanking. On December 1, 1937, Ma Chao-chun ordered all Chinese citizens remaining in Nanking to move into the Nanking Safety Zone. Ma fled the city on December 7, and the International Committee took over as the de facto government of Nanjing.