明武宗
An anti pig slaughter edict by the Zhengde Emperor has led to speculation he adopted Islam due to his use of Muslim eunuchs whose influence in turn may have led to the imperial production of porcelain with Persian and Arabic inscriptions in white and blue color, but it is unknown who really was behind the anti-pig slaughter edict. Muslim eunuchs contributed money in 1496 to repairing Niujie Mosque. The speculation of the Zhengde Emperor becoming a Muslim is based in part on his excessive and debauched behavior along with his concubines of foreign origin. Central Asian Uighur women were provided to the Zhengde Emperor by a Muslim guard, Yun Yung and Hami women by a Muslim leader from the Kumul Hami, Sayyid Hussain. Muslim Central Asian girls were favored by Zhengde like how Korean girls were favored by Xuande, and foreign Central Asian Uighur, Mongol (Tatar), and Muslim Semu concubines were kept by him. Ni'ergan () was the name of one of his Muslim concubines.