الخديوي إسماعيل
To dispose of Al-Zubayr, Isma'il Pasha dispatched the mercenary leader Muhammad al-Bulalwi and promised him the governorship of Bahr el Ghazal, if he defeated al-Zubayr. Instead, al-Zubayr routed the invaders and killed al-Bulalwi. In 1873, Isma'il Pasha thus agreed to appoint al-Zubayr as Ottoman governor and declared him "al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pasha".