Old Korean
Unlike modern Sino-Korean, most of which descends from Middle Chinese, Old Korean phonograms were based on the Old Chinese pronunciation of characters. For instance, characters with Middle Chinese initial were used to transcribe an Old Korean liquid, reflecting the fact that initial arose from Old Chinese . The characters and had the same vowel in Old Korean orthography, which was true in Old Chinese where both had , but not in Middle Chinese, where the former had the diphthong and the latter .