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Hughes was born on May 16, 1916, in New York City, the son of Marjory Bruce Stuart and Charles Evans Hughes Jr. He was the grandson of Chief Justice of the United States Charles Evans Hughes, the 1916 Republican Party nominee for President, and claimed in his memoirs to have been used as a "campaign baby" as an infant. His father left for World War I while Stuart was still an infant, returning a year later when his son was three. Stuart was his parents' second child and second son, born 14 months after his elder brother, Charles Evans Hughes III. Two daughters were born later.