Mondego River
Already in the Middle Ages, Coimbra was divided into an upper city ("Cidade Alta" or "Almedina"), where the aristocracy and the clergy lived, and the merchant, artisan and labour centres in the lower city ("Arrabalde" or "Cidade Baixa") by the Mondego River, in addition to the old and new Jewish quarters. The city was encircled by a fortified wall, of which some remnants are still visible like the Almedina Gate ("Porta da Almedina").