施明德
In 1977, he and fellow Dangwai politician Kang Ning-hsiang established the dangwai establishment, a loosely knit political faction to promote democracy, political change and due process of law. The dangwai movement proved to be popular among the Taiwanese for circulation of the Formosa magazine became second island-wide by its third issue, that the government under then premier Chiang Ching-kuo feared eminent plots to violently overthrow the government. Huang Hsin-chieh and others, including Lu Hsiu-lien (8th vice-president of the Republic of China), Chen Chu (Mayor of Kaohsiung) Yao Chia-wen (14th President of the Examination Yuan and 2nd Chairperson of the DPP), Chang Chun-hung, Shih Ming-teh (legislator and interim 5th Chairperson of the DPP), Chang Chun-hung, and Ling Hung-hsuan were arrested by military policemen and secret agents. They were to be tried in military courts, with heavy sentences anticipated. A system for countervailing social unrest dating back to the methods employed in KMT China.