説文解字
The second system of dictionary collation by radicals (Chinese "bushou", Japanese "bushu", "section headers") originated with the 121 CE "Shuowen Jiezi" () . Japanese dictionaries followed the Chinese example of reducing the number of radicals: original 540 ("Shuowen Jiezi"), adjusted 542 ("Yupian" () ), condensed 214 ("Zihui" () , "Kangxi Zidian" () ), and abridged 189 ("Xinhua Zidian" ()). Japanese "jikeibiki" collation by radical and stroke ordering is standard for character dictionaries, and does not require a user to know the meaning or pronunciation beforehand.