Wujing Zongyao
Joseph Needham believes that If the flamethrower used in 919 AD was of the same design as the one described in the later "Wujing Zongyao" in 1044, then it is also by implication the earliest known use of the slow match. Therefore also one of the first military applications of gunpowder. The following is a description of the flamethrower as provided by the "Wujing Zongyao":