Acorus calamus
Most lexicographers, botanists, and biblical commentators translate "keneh bosem" as "cane balsam". The Aramaic Targum Onkelos renders the Hebrew "kaneh bosem" in Aramaic as "q'nei busma". Ancient translations and sources identify this with the plant variously referred to as sweet cane, or sweet flag (nl. the Septuagint, the Rambam on Kerithoth 1:1, Saadia Gaon and Jonah ibn Janah). This plant is known to botanists as "Acorus calamus". According to Aryeh Kaplan in "The Living Torah", "It appears that a similar species grew in the Holy Land, in the Hula region in ancient times (Theophrastus, "History of Plants" 9:7)."