Upper Hesse
On the eve of the French Revolution (1789), most of historic Upper Hesse lay within northern Hesse-Darmstadt, except for the area around Marburg, which was part of Hesse-Kassel. During the course of the German mediatization and Napoleonic wars, Hesse-Darmstadt gained territory from several former states contiguous with Upper Hesse, primarily from Solms-Laubach and the Principality of Isenburg. These territories were reorganised into the Province of Upper Hesse. Also during this period Hesse-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hesse.