Dungan people
During the Qing Dynasty, the term "Zhongyuan ren" () was the term for all Chinese, encompassing Han Chinese and Hui in Xinjiang or Central Asia. While Hui are not Han, they consider themselves to be Chinese and include themselves in the larger group of "Zhongyuan ren". The Dungan people, descendants of Hui who fled to Central Asia, called themselves "Zhongyuan ren" in addition to the standard labels "lao huihui" and "huizi".