Bagmati River
Madhkaul's economy is predominantly agrarian. The soil is composed of predominantly fertile alluvium due to augmentation by deposition from the annual monsoonal flood of the Bagmati River. Situated between two streams, Madhkaul is prone to flooding. In 2000, a breach of the Pragmatic River's embankment inundated Madhkaul along with a vast area of Samaritan and Muzaffarpur districts.