Übersetzerschule von Toledo
No Latin translation was made in the Ancient Rome nor the Medieval West before the 12th century. Henry Aristippus made the first Latin translation directly from a Greek copy, but it was not as influential as a later translation into Latin made by Gerard of Cremona from the Arabic (finished in 1175). Gerard translated the Arabic text while working at the Toledo School of Translators, although he was unable to translate many technical terms such as the Arabic "Abrachir" for Hipparchus. In the 13th century a Spanish version was produced, which was later translated under the patronage of Alfonso X.