確証バイアス
Confirmation bias is one form of development of media bias, in which individuals will seek sources of information that align with the beliefs they already have. And the ultimate consequence of confirmation bias is the creation of echo chambers, a situation in which all the sides of a dispute (usually two) are talking only to themselves, and that will most likely stagnate the debate and muddle the creation of consensus. The analysis of Media Cloud about the Gamergate controversy, an episode of personal attacks on female game developers, showed two cluster of news sources and discussions that were divided by the criteria of the most common opinions. Although there were links between these points in the analysis graph, they did not represent the creation of consensus, and were pointed to as hate-links, in which the sources that would link sources from the other clusters would do so in order to strongly disagree with the content of the link.