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The eastern imperial eagle may be characterized as an occasional and opportunistic predator of other birds of prey. The following raptorial birds have been known to fall prey this eagle: the lesser spotted eagle ("Clanga pomarina"), European honey buzzard ("Pernis apivorus"), black kite ("Milvus migrans"), hen harrier ("Circus cyaneus"), Montagu's harrier ("Circus pygargus"), western marsh harrier, Eurasian sparrowhawk, northern goshawk ("Accipiter gentilis"), common buzzard ("Buteo buteo"), long-legged buzzard, rough-legged buzzard ("Buteo lagopus"), Ural owl ("Strix uralensis"), tawny owl ("Strix alucco"), little owl ("Athene noctua"), long-eared owl ("Asio otus"), short-eared owl ("Asio flammeus"), Eurasian hobby ("Falco subbuteo"), common kestrel ("Falco tinnunculus"), lesser kestrel ("Falco naumanni"), merlin ("Falco columbarius"), red-footed falcon ("Falco vespertinus"), saker falcon and peregrine falcon. Although it may usually be classed as an apex predator, eastern imperial eagles have fallen prey to other birds of prey on rare occasions. An instance of predation was reportedly committed by a white-tailed eagle.