Liu Yin
Among warlords who were nominally vassals, but acting in fact independently, of Later Liang's founding emperor Emperor Taizu was Liu Yin, who was in control of Lingnan East — which had been renamed Qinghai Circuit (清海) by that point. In 908, Emperor Taizu sent Zhao Guangyi and another imperial official, Li Yinheng, to Qinghai to officially bestow on Liu Yin the titles of military governor of Qinghai and Jinghai (靜海, headquartered in modern Hanoi, Vietnam) Circuits. After the bestowment, however, Liu Yin did not allow Zhao and Li to return to Later Liang's capital Luoyang, but instead kept them at Qinghai. Liu Yin made Zhao his deputy military governor.