Đàng Trong
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Westerners commonly used the name Tonkin (from "Đông Kinh") to refer to "Đàng Ngoài" in the North, ruled by the Trịnh lords. "Đàng Ngoài", or "Bắc Hà", included not only the delta of the Red River, but also the deltas of the Mã River and Cả River. Meanwhile, Cochinchina or Quinan was used to refer to "Đàng Trong" in the South, ruled by the Nguyễn lords; and Annam, from the name of the former Chinese province, was used to refer to Vietnam as a whole.