Esteban III
The sedia gestatoria (, literally 'chair for carrying') or gestatorial chair was a ceremonial throne on which popes were carried on shoulders until 1978, and later replaced outdoors in part with the popemobile. It consists of a richly adorned, silk-covered armchair, fastened on a "suppedaneum", on each side of which are two gilded rings; through these rings pass the long rods with which twelve footmen ("palafrenieri"), in red uniforms, carry the throne on their shoulders. On prior occasions, as in the case of Pope Stephen III, popes were carried on the shoulders of men.