Indian cobra
The Oriental rat snake "Ptyas mucosus" is often mistaken for the Indian cobra; however, this snake is much longer and can easily be distinguished by the more prominent ridged appearance of its body. Other snakes that resemble "Naja naja" are the banded racer "Argyrogena fasciolata" and the Indian smooth snake "Coronella brachyura". Also, the monocled cobra ("Naja kaouthia") may be confused with "Naja naja"; however, the monocled cobra has an "O"-shaped pattern on the back of the hood, while the Indian cobra has a spectacles-shaped pattern on its hood. Confusions may exist with Caspian cobra ("Naja oxiana"), as some Indian cobra specimens without a hood mark are sometimes confused with "N. oxiana", where these two species coexist in Pakistan and northern India, and are both the only true non-spitting cobras in Asia. Although some Caspian cobra specimens can be quite dark, they are never fully black like the Indian cobra. "N. oxiana" normally has several dark bands under the throat, whereas in the black phase of "N. naja" from Pakistan, almost the entire throat is black.