Icelandic Commonwealth
Traditionally, the Icelandic Age of Settlement is considered to have lasted from 874 to 930, at which point most of the island had been claimed and Alþingi ("Althingi"), the assembly of the Icelandic Commonwealth, was founded at Þingvellir ("Thingvellir"). Iceland is thus likely the penultimate major land mass to be settled by humans (New Zealand being the last in the 13th century).