هشام المؤيد بالله
The caliphate disintegrated in the early 11th century during the Fitna of al-Andalus, a civil war between the descendants of caliph Hisham II and the successors of his "hajib" (court official), Al-Mansur. In 1031, after years of infighting, the caliphate fractured into a number of independent Muslim "taifa" (kingdoms).