Western Turkic Khaganate
The scenes depicted in the Afrasiyab murals may have been painted in 648-651 CE, as the Western Turkic Khaganate was in its last days, and the Han Dynasty was increasing its territory in Central Asia. Alternatively, it may have occurred soon after 658 CE, when the Tang Dynasty had conquered the Western Turkic Khaganate, and the king of Samarkand Varkhuman could directly enter into contacts with the Chinese.