Breitblättrige Stendelwurz
The orchid "Epipactis helleborine" is physiologically and morphologically adapted to attract social wasps as their primary pollinators. Social wasps feed their larvae on insects like caterpillars. To locate that prey, they use a combination of visual and olfactory cues. The flowers of "E. helleborine" and "E. purpurata" emit green-leaf volatiles (GLVs), which are attractive to foragers of the social wasps "Vespula germanica" and "V. vulgaris". Several "E. helleborine" GLVs that induced a response in the antennae of wasps were also emitted by cabbage leaves infested with caterpillars ("Pieris brassicae)", which are common prey items for wasps. Despite a large nectar reward, the species is almost entirely overlooked by other pollinators.