Mouvement Réformateur
There are two Liberal parties, formed along linguistic lines: The Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten (Open VLD) who opened up their ranks to Volksunie and CD&amp;V defectors some years ago, managed to break the dominance of CD&amp;V over Belgian politics in 1999. Open VLD is currently headed by Gwendolyn Rutten. The Mouvement Réformateur (MR) is the equivalent party on the Francophone side, and is headed by Charles Michel. The MR is a federation mainly composed of the former PRL, it is also composed of the Germanophone Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt (PFF), and is eventually also composed of the Christian-democratic split-off called MCC. It used to be composed of the Brussels-based FDF until September 2012, which is now an independent party.