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The line was built by the "Magdeburg–Leipzig Railway Company" (German: "Magdeburg–Leipziger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft"), with construction starting on 24 January 1838. It was the first German railway that passed through several countries, in addition to the kingdoms of Prussia (Magdeburg, Halle) and Saxony (Leipzig), it also crossed the Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen.