Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome is associated with short stature. The mean adult height of women with Turner syndrome without growth hormone therapy is around shorter than the mean of women in the general population. Mosaicism affects height in Turner syndrome; a large population sample drawn from the UK Biobank found women with 45,X0 karyotypes to have an average height of , while those with 45,X0/46,XX karyotypes averaged . The strength of the association between Turner syndrome and short stature is such that idiopathic short stature alone is a major diagnostic indication.