Corpus Juris Civilis
In 1519, Luther challenged the doctrine "Servitus Judaeorum" ("Servitude of the Jews"), established in "Corpus Juris Civilis" by Justinian I in 529. He wrote: "Absurd theologians defend hatred for the Jews. ... What Jew would consent to enter our ranks when he sees the cruelty and enmity we wreak on them – that in our behavior towards them we less resemble Christians than beasts?"