Ashina clan
The position of Shad was traditionally given to the member of a ruling (Ashina) clan. Frequently, Shad was a blood prince, a representative of the next generation. Mahmud Kashgari defined the title Shad as an heir apparent a step above Yabgu. In the early Turkic Turgesh Kaganate, Shad was a ruler of the east wing, and Yabgu was a ruler of the west wing of the state, both directly subordinated to the Kagan. According to Movses Kagankatvatsi, Böri Shad was a 7th-century Western Turkic Khaganate prince and an "ishad", or a ruler of a principality, a nephew of Tong Yabgu Kagan, and a son of "Moho shad", who may have been a Yabgu of the Khazars. Later, after a split of Western Turkic Kaganate, the splinter western part was headed by "Yukuk Shad" of the royal Ashina clan, who became a Kagan of the "western surnames", with a throne name "Yipi Duolu Kehan" (*"Yelbi-Turuk-Kagan").