页岩油
In Austria, oil shale was used in 1840–1882 for production of asphalt mastic, naphtha and asphalt tar. In Sweden, the first attempt to extract oil from alum shale was made in 1864. Shale oil production started in the 1890s and lasted few years. In Brazil, oil shale was first exploited in 1884 in Bahia. In 1900 shale oil extraction industry was initiated also in New Zealand.