Directorate of Ukraine
Since October 1919, he was in the Ukrainian delegation to Warsaw, where he was working on the formation of the Ukrainian-Polish agreement, which was signed in 1920. After the defeat of the Ukrainian national movement for independence, he was forced to emigrate. From 1920 to 1948, he served as the head of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic ("UPR") in exile. After Symon Petliura's assassination, he became the head of the Directorate of Ukraine and assumed the post of the "Chief Otaman" of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army in exile in 1926.