Yongding River
The famous late Qing Dynasty railway engineer Jeme Tien Yow considered routing the Beijing–Zhangjiakou railway through the Yongding River Valley, but abandoned the approach due to high construction costs. The line was built in 1952 as an alternative route to Beijing–Baotou railway for the shipment of coal from Shanxi. The Fengsha railway avoids the steep incline at Nankou near Badaling on the Jingbao Line. A marble stele by the entrance to Tunnel No. 1 near Liuliqu Village commemorates the 108 soldiers who died building the initial line.