Serapion Brothers
In the 1930s, Socialist realism became the predominant trend in Russia. Writers like those of the Serapion Brothers group (1921– ), who insisted on the right of an author to write independently of political ideology, were forced by authorities to reject their views and accept socialist realist principles. Some 1930s writers, such as Mikhail Bulgakov (1891–1940), author of "The Master and Margarita" (written 1928–1940, published 1966), and Nobel Prize-winning Boris Pasternak (1890–1960) with his novel "Doctor Zhivago" (written 1945–1955, published 1957) continued the classical tradition of Russian literature with little or no hope of being published. Their major works would not be published until the Khrushchev Thaw, and the Soviet authorities forced Pasternak to renounce his 1958 Nobel Prize.