National Taiwan University Hospital
Chao is a native of Yanshuei Township in Tainan County (now part of Tainan City) and graduated from National Taiwan University's School of Medicine in 1998. After graduation, he did not serve his military service, as he was excused on account of gout. Chao worked as a resident doctor in the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) Orthopaedic Surgery department from 1998 to 2003.