Babi Yar
After the war, specifically Jewish commemoration efforts encountered serious difficulty because of the Soviet Union's policies. Yevgeny Yevtushenko's 1961 poem on Babi Yar begins "Nad Babim Yarom pamyatnikov nyet" ("There are no monuments over Babi Yar"); it is also the first line of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 13.