上部ドイツ語
A peculiar development took place in stems which had the onsets and in OHG. They were merged in MHG and subsequently shifted to in Upper German and in Central German. Modern German has in , , , , but in , , , . The stems with the Upper German development appear to have undergone the High German consonant shift several times, e.g. ("to force") &lt; MHG &lt; OHG &lt; Germanic .