国家航天局
, there have been six successful robotically operated Mars rovers, the first five managed by the American NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory: "Sojourner" (1997), "Opportunity" (2004), "Spirit" (2004), "Curiosity" (2012), and "Perseverance" (2021). The sixth is "Zhurong" (2021), managed by the China National Space Administration.