Ilex aquifolium
On more acid soils, sessile oak, "Quercus petraea", and birch, "Betula sp.", are dominant. The under-storey, of hazel, holly, "Ilex aquifolium", rowan, "Sorbus aucuparia", and hawthorn, "Crataegus monogyna", is sparse and the ground-cover is relatively poor.