Indian cobra
Confusions may exist with the Indian cobra ("Naja naja"), as specimens without a hood mark are usually confused with this species, and these two species coexist in Pakistan and northern India. They're also both the only true non-spitting cobras in Asia. The Caspian cobra ("Naja oxiana") is never fully black, although some specimens may be quite dark. The Caspian cobra ("N. oxiana") normally has several dark bands under the throat, whereas in the black phase of the Indian cobra ("N. naja") from Pakistan, almost the entire throat is black.