Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
In 1916, Bolshevik revolutionary Vladimir Lenin wrote Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. This was a highly influential text in shaping Communist attitudes to colonial struggles, and led to a policy of cultivating left-wing nationalists within Muslim communities of Russia as well as foreign colonies. Before the October revolution, the first All-Russian Congress of Muslims was staged in Moscow in May 1917, celebrating the end of Tsarism.