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Raghunatha Nayak was the eldest son of Achuthappa Nayak and was born after intense penance by his father. The "Raghunathabhyudayam" and "Sahityanatyakara" give a detailed account of his childhood. As a boy, Raghunatha learned the shastras, the art of warfare and administration. He had multiple queens, chiefly Kalavati referred to in the "Raghunathabhyudayam" as Pattampurani. Ramabhadramba, who wrote a history of the Thanjavur Nayak dynasty, was one of his concubines.