Shuowen Jiezi
The (121 CE) "Shuowen Jiezi" dictionary gives inconsistent definitions of "qiu" . Some early editions define "a dragon without horns", while later editions define "a young dragon with horns". Carr (1990:93-4) notes the discrepancy of three "Shuowen" definitions for "hornless dragon": "qiu" , "jiao" , and "chi" . The "Shuowen Jiezi" scholar Zhu Junsheng (1788–1834 CE) explains that male "long" "dragons" have horns and female ones do not, and among young dragons, "jiao" entry page], 1716 CE Kangxi Dictionary