Sonnō jōi
Aizawa Seishisai (会沢正志斎, 1782–1863) was an authority on Neo-Confucianism and leader of the Mitogaku (水戸学 "Mito School") that supported direct restoration of the Imperial House of Japan. He popularized the word "kokutai" in his 1825 "Shinron" (新論 "New Theses"), which also introduced the term "Sonnō jōi" ("revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians").