Jami' al-tawarikh
They were also called Uch-Oghuz meaning "Three Oghuz". Despite the similarity of names, Mahmud al-Kashgari's "Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk" wrote: "Karluks is a division of nomadic Turks. They are separate from Oghuz, but they are Turkmens like Oghuz.". Ilhanate's Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in his "Jami' al-tawarikh" mentions Karluks as one of the Oghuz (Turkmen) tribes.