Kido Takayoshi
In the late shogunate period, many anti-government activists used several false names to hide their activities from the shogunate. Examples are Saidani Umetarō () for Sakamoto Ryōma (), Niibori Matsusuke () for Kido Takayoshi () and Tani Umenosuke () for Takasugi Shinsaku (). The famous writer Kyokutei Bakin () is known to have had as many as 33 names.