Port of Tianjin
This devolution entailed transferring line operations, human resources and financial responsibility to the municipal government of Tianjin, while the ministry of transport retained strategic planning and coordination duties. On 19 July 1984, the Tianjin Port Bureau of the Department of Transportation was renamed the Port of Tianjin Authority (天津港务局, PTA). Critically, this new port authority was given a degree of relative financial autonomy (a policy called "以收抵支、以港养港” ), in essence allowing the port to finance expansion from retained earnings.