Ma Huan
In "Yingya Shenglan" – a record about Zheng He's expedition (1405-1433) – Ma Huan describes the culture, customs, various social and economic aspects of "Chao-Wa" (Java) during Majapahit period. Ma Huan visited Java during Zheng He's 4th expedition in 1413, during the reign of Majapahit king Wikramawardhana. He describes his travel to Majapahit capital, first, he arrived at the port of "Tu-pan" (Tuban) where he saw large numbers of Chinese settlers migrated from Guangdong and Chou Chang. Then he sailed east to thriving new trading town of "Ko-erh-hsi" (Gresik), "Su-pa-erh-ya" (Surabaya), and then sailing inland into the river by smaller boat to the southwest until reached the river port of "Chang-ku" (Changgu). Continued travel by land to the southwest he arrived in "Man-che-po-I" (Majapahit), where the king stay. There are about 200 or 300 foreign families resides in this place, with seven or eight leaders to serve the king. The climate is constantly hot, like summer.