Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Isaac Newton first published his theorem in 1687, as Propositions 43–45 of Book I of his "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica". However, as astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar noted in his 1995 commentary on Newton's "Principia", the theorem remained largely unknown and undeveloped for over three centuries.