Saguia el-Hamra
In 1972 he got involved in the "Embryonic Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro" (the precursor of the Polisario Front) headed by El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed. As Ouali, he got arrested and tortured by Moroccan police during the Tan-Tan demonstrations (25–27 May).