Tự Đức
Under Tự Đức large coins with the denomination of 60 văn were introduced, these coins were ordered to circulate at a value of 1 "tiền", but their intrinsic value was significantly lower so they were badly received and the production of these coins was quickly discontinued in favour of 20, 30, 40, and 50 văn coins known as "Đồng Sao". In 1870 Tự Đức Bảo Sao cash coins of 2, 3, 8, and 9 "Mạch" were issued. Large denomination coins were mostly used for tax collection as their relatively low intrinsic value lowered their spending power on the market.