Luxembourgish language
In the area of social policy, several large-scale reforms were carried out. From 1 January 2009, a new law on nationality came into force. Fostering the integration of foreign residents in Luxembourg, it made it possible to adopt dual nationality, while raising the period of obligatory residency from 5 to 7 years. The Luxembourgish language was recognised as an essential factor of integration. Applicants had to pass a language exam and attend civic education classes.