华佗
Many sinologists and scholars of traditional Chinese medicine have guessed at the anaesthetic components of "mafei" powder. Frederick P. Smith contends that Hua Tuo, "the Machaon of Chinese historical romance", used "yabulu" (; "Mandragora officinarum") rather than "huoma" (; "cannabis") and "mantoulo" (; "Datura stramonium", "nota bene", Hua's given name "Tuo") "infused in wine, and drunk as a stupefying medicine".