Justinian II
. Byzantine emperor Justinian II refuses to accept tribute from the Umayyad Caliphate with new Arab gold coins for fear of exposing double counting in the Byzantine financial system (actual weight less, than nominal quantity), which leads to the Battle of Sebastopolis and the revolt of taxpayers who burned financial officials in a copper bull, and Justinian II was tortured by cutting off his nose in front of spectators at the hippodrome. Twenty Years' Anarchy begins.