Emperor Guangwu of Han
Following Xin dynasty, Lu Fang () rebelled against Han but was defeated. Then, Emperor Guangwu of Han granted him the King of Dai. In 48 AD, Eastern Han dynasty established Colonel-Protector of the Wuhuan in Ningcheng (), Shanggu (currently, Ningyuanbao Qiaodong District), representing Han's management of Wuhuan. Meanwhile, Han also opened Hu Market () to conduct regular exchanges with Wuhuan in Ningcheng. From 110 AD, Ningcheng also began to manage affairs with Xianbei.