姚文元
Although the Shanghai Commune was based on Paris Commune model with a "self government of producers", the Shanghai equivalent varied in several meaningful ways. Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan derived their authority from Beijing and Mao Zedong rather than the proletariat of Shanghai, leading to the questioning of the legitimacy of their leadership. Finally, Zhang's political opponents in Shanghai were soon excluded from the leadership of the Commune, driving several groups to establish a rival 'New Shanghai People's Commune' almost immediately after the first one's formation.