Karl Haushofer
The German geopolitician Karl Haushofer first used "Indo-Pacific" in the 1920s in multiple works on geography and geopolitics: "Geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean" (1924), "Building Blocks of Geopolitics" (1928), "Geopolitics of Pan-Ideas" (1931), and "German Cultural Politics in the Indo-Pacific Space" (1939). Haushofer legitimated the integration of the two oceans by evidence in marine biology, oceanography, ethnography, and historical philology. He envisioned an "Indo-Pacific" comprising anticolonial forces in India and China, as Germany's ally against the maritime domination of Britain, United States, and Western Europe.