Ибн Фадлан
The Cheremshansky district derives its name from the village of Cheremshan which in turn received from the Bolshoi Cheremshan River flowing in the southeast of Tatarstan. As the geographer Yevgeny Pospelov states, the hydronym appeared as the Russian adaptation of “Cheremisan” — “the river of Cheremis” (Mari). There are several possible variants of its origin in the Tatar language, among which are “river of resinous forest”, “place of gathering of troops” or on behalf of Chiru Memshen (“leader of the troops”). The earliest use of the hydronym dates back to 992, when the Arab traveler Ahmad ibn Fadlan used the word “Jaramsan” which originated from the Iranian “flowing”.