金史
The Chinese exonym "Mohe" 靺鞨 is a graphic pejorative written with "mo" 靺 "socks; stockings" and "he" 鞨 "shoes". "Mo" (靺) (Middle Chinese: /muɑt̚/) is an adjective, a customary expression meaning "barbarian" or Xiongnu. In the Dynasties before the Five dynasties recorded as "靺羯", such as Honglujing Stele. "He" 鞨 is "gal" (Middle Chinese "gat" or /ɦɑt̚/), meaning "stone" by Mohe/Malgal, Jie/Gal language. The Jie ruler Shi Le (石勒) takes the surname "shi" 石 "stone" from "gal". According to the History of Jin (Jin Shi), Shi Tu Men (石土門) is the prince of the Jurchen people, whose surname "shi" hints to a connection with the Mohe and Jie.