Ethnic Chinese
Since ethnic Chinese Malaysians manage the country's economy, most of them reside in urban areas with statistics in 1991 found that about three-quarters (75.8%) mostly living in the country towns and cities. The continual discrimination caused many modern ethnic Chinese Malaysian to not normally speak Malay among themselves, in contrast to the earlier ethnic Chinese who had mixed with local Malay or other indigenous people such as the Straits-born Chinese of Baba-Nyonya, Kelantanese and Terengganuan Peranakans, Penangite Hokkien and Sabah Sino-Natives. Ethnic Chinese Malaysian in East Malaysia on both Sabah and Sarawak, especially in small inland towns also interact more closely with indigenous people there with the absence of sign language and religious barrier which further resulted in more interracial marriage among them. Major issues of integration in modern Malaysian nation as a whole today is largely inherited from the past Malayan racial politics especially when contacts between races are only made between several sub-communities which eventually consolidated into a single political community. The discriminate affirmative policy and hierarchy continually practised in Malaysia's modern education system and workplace in the 21st century further causing the brain drain trends among young educated and talented ethnic Chinese Malaysian to different developed countries. Despite the rising brain drain among the youth, the country also saw the latest wave of newer ethnic Chinese Mandarin-speaking immigrants from northeastern China, and another from new small mixture with Vietnamese since the 2000s following the increasing small number of ethnic Chinese Malaysian, especially men marrying foreign wives from Mainland China and Vietnam. In 2019, the country also saw wave of migration from Hong Kong, as many Hongkongers choose to emigrate to Malaysia via Malaysia My Second Home program as an impact from unrest that rocked the region and imposition of national security law.