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Strata deposited on the SW half of the Varanger Peninsula mostly formed during the mid-late Cryogenian, Ediacaran, and Paleozoic. Notably, this includes glacial diamictite sedimentary rocks that formed during the Marinoan 'Snowball Earth' (Smalfjord Formation of the Vestertana Group), and the overlying 'cap carbonate' of the Nyborg Formation (Vestertana Group). Small outcrops of barite crystals related to 'Snowball Earth' deglaciation are found locally on outcrops of the Baltic Shield.