Nguyễn Huệ
Nguyễn Quang Toản was the eldest son of Nguyễn Huệ (Emperor Quang Trung). According to "Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện", he was born to the Empress Consort Phạm Thị Liên. After Nguyễn Huệ crowned the emperor, Nguyễn Quang Toản was designated as Crown Prince. In 1790, Toản received the title "An Nam quốc vương thế tử" ("Crown Prince of Annam") from China. The title indicated that his heirship was also recognized by China.