经济人
In 1945 a significantly enlarged version of his thesis "Economisch Motief en Economisch Principe" (Economic Pattern and Economic Principle) was published. In this book he reckoned with the classic idea of the "Homo economicus," which he called a "monstrous caricature," that should best not have been called into life. He argued that there is no economic purpose other than the pursuit of economic gratification using scarce alternative usable funds: "It follows that the economic objective in the sense of subjective theory that determined everyone, is missing specific content. It only covers those needs, that depend on the realization of scarce resources or of exchange operations."