The Pillow Book
The Senior secretaryship was normally filled by a noble of , but occasionally a fifth rank candidate was appointed. Such an overqualified nobleman may be referred to as ', with an example of the expression occurring in "The Pillow Book", "Things That Give a Vulgar Impression (146)", as "A Secretary in the Ministry of Ceremonial who has been raised to the Fifth Rank" (Ivan Morris tr.) Such a nobleman is alternatively called a ', with instances in the "Imakagami", "Ōkagami", "Genpei Jōsuiki" as well as "The Pillow Book", "Hateful Things (14)": "Senior Secretary of the Fifth Rank".