Twenty-Four Histories
"Fangshi" are first recorded in early Chinese canonical "Twenty-Four Histories": Sima Qian's (c. 91 BCE) "Shiji" "Records of the Grand Historian", Ban Gu's (82 CE) "Hanshu" "Book of Han", Chen Shou's (289 CE) "Sanguozhi" "Records of Three Kingdoms", and Fan Ye's (445 CE) "Houhanshu" "Book of Later Han". DeWoskin translated "fangshi" biographies from the latter three histories, but some reviewers criticized him for ignoring Ngo's French translation of the same biographies.