ティルス
[[Alexander the Great]] is reputed to have crucified 2,000 survivors from his [[Siege of Tyre (332 BC)|siege]] of the [[Phoenicia]]n city of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], as well as the doctor who unsuccessfully treated Alexander's friend [[Hephaestion]]. Some historians have also conjectured that Alexander crucified [[Callisthenes]], his official historian and biographer, for objecting to Alexander's adoption of the Persian ceremony of [[Proskynesis|royal adoration]].