Edwin G. Pulleyblank
In Vietnam, Chữ Hán texts were read with the vocalization of Chinese text is called "Hán văn" (漢文), similar to Chinese on-yomi in Japanese "kanbun" (), or the assimilated vocalizations in Korean "hanmun" (). This occurred alongside the diffusion of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary into vernacular Vietnamese, and created a Sinoxenic dialect. The Sinologist Edwin G. Pulleyblank was the one of the first linguists to actively employ "Sino-Vietnamese" to recover earlier histories of China.