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By the 5th and 4th centuries BC, "arete" as applied to men had developed to include quieter virtues, such as "dikaiosyne" (justice) and "sophrosyne" (self-restraint). Plato attempted to produce a moral philosophy that incorporated this new usage, but it was in the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle that the doctrine of "arete" found its fullest flowering. Aristotle's "Doctrine of the Mean" is a paradigm example of his thinking.