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Baburin holds a Ph.D. in law from Leningrad State University and served as Dean of Law at Omsk State University. In 1990, he was elected as peoples' deputy in the Supreme Soviet of Russia. He was one of the few who voted against officially dissolving the USSR in December, 1991. He served in the Soviet army in Afghanistan and garnered several awards for his service. He was the founder and one of the leaders of the Russian All-People's Union. During Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 he was one of the most outspoken leaders of anti-Yeltsin opposition.