Four Modernizations
In 1978, as Deng Xiaoping pursued a course of reform based on the theory of "Four Modernizations" in China's economy, pro-democracy dissidents began posting writings, news and ideas on a wall in the Xicheng district in Beijing. Activist Wei Jingsheng began advocating for democracy and greater political freedoms as a "Fifth Modernization." The Democracy Wall, as it was called, was tolerated for a time, but was shut down in 1979 when authorities deemed that its criticisms against single-party rule and current Party leadership had gone too far.