Novo Brdo
Novo Brdo Fortress ( / "Tvrđava Novo Brdo"; or "Kalaja e Artanës") is a medieval Serbian fortress in Kosovo. Its ruins are located near the town of Novo Brdo, about east of Pristina. The fortress was built in the late 13th century by king Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia to protect gold, silver, iron and lead mines which were abundant throughout the area. Novo Brdo was famous for its silver. Together with the castles of Prizrenac, to the southwest, and Prilepac, to the southeast, which guard access roads to the fortress, Novo Brdo helped form a defensive complex overlooking the lucrative mining operations. Novo Brdo was at its height during the Serbian Despotate (1402–1459), when it was the most important mining area and second most important town in Serbia. A significant number of Saxon miners and a large Ragusan merchant colony lived within the town, which was ruled by a "vojvoda", but also a governor ("kefalija"), because it was the seat of an administrative unit of the Despotate.