Literaturnaya Gazeta
The poem's first line is "Nad Babim Yarom pamyatnikov nyet" ("There are no monuments over Babi Yar.") The anniversary of the massacre was still observed in the context of the "Great Patriotic War" throughout the 1950s and 60s; the code of silence about what it meant for the Jews was broken only in 1961, with the publication of Yevtushenko's "Babiyy Yar", in "Literaturnaya Gazeta" The poet denounced both Soviet historical revisionism and still-common anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union of 1961. "[I]t spoke not only of the Nazi atrocities, but also of the Soviet government's own persecution of Jewish people." "Babiyy Yar" first circulated as "samizdat" (unofficial publications without state sanction.) After its publication in "Literaturnaya Gazeta", Dmitri Shostakovich set it to music, as the first movement of his Thirteenth Symphony, subtitled "Babi Yar".