Karafuto Prefecture
After the end of World War II, many Nivkh people and Orok people from southern Sakhalin, who held Japanese citizenship in the Karafuto Prefecture, were forced to repatriate to Hokkaidō by the Soviet Union as a part of the Japanese people. On the other hand, many Sakhalin Koreans who had held Japanese citizenship until the end of the war were left stateless by the Soviet occupation.