China Hands
The term China Hand originally referred to 19th-century merchants in the treaty ports of China, but came to be used for anyone with expert knowledge of the language, culture, and people of China. In 1940s America, the term "China Hands" came to refer to a group of American diplomats, journalists, and soldiers who were known for their knowledge of China and influence on American policy before, during, and after World War II. During and after the Cold War, the term "China watcher" became popularized: with some overlap, the term "sinologist" also describes a China expert in English, particularly in academic contexts or in reference to the expert's academic background.