Abd el-Krim
The military actions led to the exile of the Rif independence leader Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, commonly known as Abd el-Krim, from Ajdir in the Berber area of Morocco, a locus of the resistance movement. Abd el-Krim had been known as the creator of the Confederal Republic of the tribes of the Rif (Amazigh: Tagduda n Arif) since 1921.