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Having served in French Canada and Governor of the Île d'Yeu from 1768, Verteuil was in command at La Rochelle at the opening of the French Revolution. He then became a commanding lieutenant-general of the Catholic royalist army during the revolt in the Vendée. Captured at Savenay, he was executed as a prisoner of the National Convention for his counter-revolutionary activities (condemned as a "brigand") in the Vendée.