House of Leiningen
Neuleiningen – as with neighbouring Altleiningen a few kilometres away – draws its name from the noble family, the House of Leiningen, to whom the "Leiningerland" – also named for these counts – once belonged and who also built the castle in the 13th century. (The prefixes "Alt—" and "Neu—" simply mean “old” and “new” respectively). It was not long before a settlement had sprung up around this and begun to grow. Neuleiningen belonged until 1969 to the now abolished district of Frankenthal. The "Verbandsgemeinde" into which the municipality was later grouped was formed in 1972.