Erica arborea
The vegetation above consists of dwarf shrubs, which are generally limited to in height and do not exceed . The shrubbery consists of the species "Pentzia monodiana", "Artemisia tilhoana" and "Ephedra tilhoana". At the highest elevations of the Tibesti, tree heath ("Erica arborea") grows from moist crevices formed by early lava flows, while 24 different species of moss provide substrate for the tree heath. Various genera of mosses also grow around fumaroles, including "Fissidens", "Campylopus", "Gymnostomum" and "Trichostomum". Lichens, though rare in the dry climate of the Tibesti, also grow at these elevations, with green rock shield ("Xanthoparmelia conspersa"), scrambled-egg lichen ("Fulgensia fulgens"), sunken disk lichen ("Aspicilia" spp.) and "Squamarina crassa" found on the highest peaks.