Sadao Araki
An ultranationalist faction within the army called the "Kōdōha" (Imperial Way) was formed by General Sadao Araki and his protégé, Jinzaburō Masaki, who envisioned a return to an idealized pre-industrialized, pre-westernized Japan. The "Tōseiha" formed in reaction to the radical "Kōdōha" and attempted to represent the more conservative and moderate elements within the army. The "Tōseiha" and "Kōdōha" both adopted ideas from totalitarian and fascist political philosophies, and shared the fundamental ideals that national defense must be strengthened through a reform of national politics and espoused a strong skepticism for political party politics and representative democracy. Although the factions shared key ideals, opposition was based on how to achieve them.