東方見聞録
Medieval travellers Giovanni da Pian del Carpine and Marco Polo both mention cynocephali. Giovanni writes of the armies of Ögedei Khan who encounter a race of dogheads who live north of the Dalai-Nor (Northern Ocean), or Lake Baikal. "The Travels of Marco Polo" mentions the dog-headed barbarians on the island of Angamanain, or the Andaman Islands. For Polo, although these people grow spices, they are nonetheless cruel and "are all just like big mastiff dogs". In "The Voyage and Travels of Sir John Mandeville", dog-headed men are described as inhabiting the island of Nacumera (the Nicobar Islands).