Coastal artillery
Aside from the poor weather conditions, resistance to the Japanese landing was minimal. One American submarine, S-38, managed to sink the Army transport "Hayo Maru" on the morning of 22 December, and sank "Hayataka Maru" the following day. Coastal artillery slightly damaged the auxiliary seaplane tender "Sanuki Maru". Despite the fighter cover provided by the IJAAF 24th and 50th Fighter Regiments, four Boeing B-17s managed to inflict some strafing damage. The only location where the Japanese faced ground opposition was at Bauang, where the Philippine 12 Infantry HQ Battalion opened fire with its one 50-caliber machine gun on the Kamijima Detachment as it landed.