Hassan al-Banna
In 1943 the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood group -- a very large and active organization at that time -- was thought to have established "a `secret apparatus`" i.e. "a separate organization for paramilitary activity under the direct authority" the Brethren's head, Sheikh Hassan al-Banna." In 1948 the group is thought to have assassinated appellate judge Ahmad El Khazindar in retaliation for his passing a "severe sentence" against another member of the Brotherhood.