Treaty of Nerchinsk
After conquering the Ming, the Qing identified their state as "Zhongguo" ("中國", the term for "China" in modern Chinese), and referred to it as "Dulimbai Gurun" in Manchu. "China" thus referred to the Qing in official documents, international treaties, and foreign affairs. The lands in Manchuria were explicitly stated by the Qing to belong to "China" (Zhongguo, Dulimbai gurun) in Qing edicts and in the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk.