مراد بك
After the death of his master Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab, Murad Bey was in command of the Mamluk army, whereas Ibrahim Bey was in charge of administrative duties of Egypt. They survived through the persistent Ottoman attempts at overthrowing the Mamluk regime and civil strifes. They served as kaymakams (acting governors) in Egypt on occasion, although they effectively held "de facto" power for decades, even over the appointed Ottoman governor of Egypt.&lt;ref name="JabartiPhilipp1994-2/93"&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="JabartiPhilipp1994-2/138"&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="JabartiPhilipp1994-2/156"&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;