'Adud al-Dawla
The region's cold climate created accumulations of snow at the top of the castle of Istakhr, which in turn melted into a sistern contained by a dam. This dam was founded by the Buyid 'Adud al-Dawla (949-983) to create a proper water reservoir for the castle's garrison. According to a contemporaneous source, the Buyid Abu Kalijar (1024–1048) found enormous quantities of silver and costly gems stored in the castle when he ascended it with his son and a valuer. The gold medal of Adud al-Dawla, dated 969/70, which depicts him wearing a Sasanian-style crown, may have been created at Istakhr.