فضاء هيلبرت
In both mathematics and physics, if a Hilbert space is assumed to be real (that is, if formula_7) then this will usually be made clear. Often in mathematics, and especially in physics, unless indicated otherwise, "Hilbert space" is usually automatically assumed to mean "complex Hilbert space." Depending on the author, in mathematics, "Hilbert space" usually means either (1) a complex Hilbert space, or (2) a real complex Hilbert space.