Gender studies
Gender studies, and more particularly queer studies within gender studies, are sharply criticized by the Catholic Church as an attack on human biology. Pope Francis spoke about "ideological colonization", saying that "gender ideology" threatens traditional families and fertile heterosexuality. France was one of the first countries where this claim became widespread when Catholic movements marched in the streets of Paris against the bill on gay marriage and adoption. Bruno Perreau has shown that this fear has deep historical roots. He argues that the rejection of gender studies and queer theory expresses anxieties about national identity and minority politics. Jayson Harsin studied the French anti-gender theory movement's social media aspects, finding that they demonstrate qualities of global right-wing populist post-truth politics.