Ahl al-Hadith
Ahl al-Hadith held that the "zahir" (literal; apparent) meaning of the Qur'an and the hadith have sole authority in matters of faith and that the use of rational disputation is forbidden even if it verifies the truth. They did not attempt to conceptualize the meanings of the Qur'an rationally, especially those related to the attributes of Allah, accepting them without asking "how" ("bi-la kaifa"), and asserted that their realities should be consigned to God alone ("tafwid"). They believed that every part of the Qur'an is uncreated ("ghayr makhluq"). Ahl al-Hadith also held that "iman" (faith) increases and decreases in correlation with the performance of prescribed rituals and duties, such as the five daily prayers.