White supremacy
Notably, because eugenics claims to be "science of racial or human betterment," supposedly exclusively based on sciences, the argument that his work merely focused on data rather than eugenic ideology, remains central to support of ideologically-based sciences. Specifically, eugenic-influenced, or race sciences such as "race realism," have been supported by the Pioneer Fund and used to promote continued claims that sciences have proved that differences in intelligence among varied groups as based on biological genetic heritability (e.g., works by Linda Gottfredson, Herrnstein &amp; Murray's the Bell Curve, Richard Lynn, J. Phillip Rushton, and other scientists). These eugenic-based sciences are central to race arguments promoted by White supremacy organizations such as the American Renaissance or in White Supremacy publications such as David Duke's . Terman's work on intelligence testing, which emphasized that racial differences were signs of evolutionary level of fitness as well as that his experiments on orphans, especially twin orphans, determined biological genetic hereditary origins of intelligence, remains foundational for contemporary arguments of "race realism" and behavioral genetic studies on supposedly biological, hereditary, and universal racial and gender differences.