Władysław III of Poland
In medieval Catholic Europe "sodomy" was often used as an accusation against political and ideological enemies, and a way to disgrace dead historical figures. According to the chronicler Jan Długosz, the defeat and death in Battle of Varna to the king of Hungary and Poland Władysław III of Poland (I. Ulászló), was a divine punishment for his sinful behavior. The chronicler wrote that before the battle the king "in marium libidinem proclivus" - „(was) inclined to masculine desires”, later described as disgusting and being against purity. In modern works there are hypotheses, that "perhaps the king had a partner for a time, the several years older secretary , son of Lviv castellan”.