董仲舒
Interactions between Heaven and Mankind () is a set of doctrines formulated by Chinese Han dynasty scholar Dong Zhongshu which at that time became the basis for deciding the legitimacy of a monarch. At the same time, for the Confucian School of Thought, Interactions between Heaven and Mankind provided a set of checks and balances on a reigning monarch. This "ganying" in the title is a Chinese cultural keyword meaning "correlative resonance; stimulus and response; moral retribution".