Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed in 1933, was substantially directed at academia and judges. The "Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft" (DPG, German Physical Society) dragged its feet in the dismissal of Jews for more than five years. It was not until the end of 1938, on the initiation of a petition by Herbert Arthur Stuart and Wilhelm Orthmann, who were engaged in physics studies (academic) reform, that the DPG asked Jewish members to withdraw their membership.