明实录
The Ming government enjoyed some support from the Vietnamese, at least in the capital of Thăng Long, but their efforts to assert control in the surrounding countryside were met with stiff resistance. A general popular dissatisfaction with the colonial arrangement seems clear. When the Ming entered the country, there were 5.2 million people according to Ming Shilu, however, it was seemed as exaggeration by historians. By the end of Ming rule over Đại Việt in 1427, the population had declined to 1.9 million.