African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) is a somewhat rare disease as there are fewer than 10,000 cases currently. Human African trypanosomiasis is vector-borne, and spread through the bite of the tsetse fly. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, nocturnal sleeping pattern, personality changes, cognitive decline, and coma. The disease is always fatal if untreated. The current forms of treatment are highly toxic and ineffective as resistance is spreading. It is diagnosed through an inexpensive serological test.