Mineral water
Szostak suggested that geothermal activity provides greater opportunities for the origination of life in open lakes where there is a buildup of minerals. In 2010, based on spectral analysis of sea and hot mineral water, Ignat Ignatov and Oleg Mosin demonstrated that life may have predominantly originated in hot mineral water. The hot mineral water that contains hydrocarbonate and calcium ions has the most optimal range. This case is similar to the origin of life in hydrothermal vents, but with hydrocarbonate and calcium ions in hot water. The research with spectral analyses was performed in Rupite, Bulgaria, with hot mineral water with calcium and hydrocarbonate ions, Anoxybacillus rupiences sp., bacteria, archaea and cyanobacteria Mineral water with pH of 9–11 is possible to have the reactions in seawater. According to Melvin Calvin, certain reactions of condensation-dehydration of amino acids and nucleotides in individual blocks of peptides and nucleic acids can take place in the primary hydrosphere with pH 9–11 at a later evolutionary stage. Some of these compounds like hydrocyanic acid (HCN) have been proven in the experiments of Miller. This is the environment in which the stromatolites have been created. David Ward of Montana State University described the formation of stromatolites in hot mineral water at the Yellowstone National Park. Stromatolites survive in hot mineral water and in proximity to areas with volcanic activity. Processes have evolved in the sea near geysers of hot mineral water.