Bücherverbrennung 1933 in Deutschland
After the end of the official festivities and referring to Martin Luther's burning of the papal bull "Exsurge domine" in 1520, followers of "Turnvater" Friedrich Ludwig Jahn arranged a book burning with the burning of mocked books symbolizing a number of reactionary literary works, and symbols of Napoleon's foreign rule like a corporal's cane. This act was used in 1933 as a justification for the Nazi book burnings.