First East Turkestan Republic
In 1928, days after recognizing the Nationalist (KMT) government in Nanjing, Yang was assassinated by Fan Yaonan. He was succeeded by his protégé Jin Shuren who was originally from Gansu. Jin wholly mismanaged the province and alienated its Muslim majority. In 1931, Muslims rebelled against Jin. Gansu warlord Ma Zhongying of the Hui Ma clique invaded in support of the rebellion. Soon various other groups rebelled against Jin, often fighting against each other including the breakaway First East Turkestan Republic.