Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Pope Innocent III in his letter to the Bulgarian King Kaloyan (Calojoannes) in 1204 addressed him "King of Bulgarians and Vlachs" ("rex Bulgarorum et Blachorum"); in answering the Pope, John called himself "imperator omnium Bulgarorum et Blachorum" ("Emperor of all Bulgarians and Vlachs'), but signed himself "imperator Bulgariae Calojoannes" ("Emperor Kaloyan of Bulgaria"); besides, the archbishop of Veliko Tarnovo called himself "totius Bulgariae et Blaciae Primas" ("Primate of all Bulgaria and Vlachia").