Traditional Chinese characters
In terms of phonology, vocabulary and grammar, the Mandarin taught in the Philippines is often the Taiwanese variety ("Guóyǔ") of Standard Chinese because many Chinese Filipino schools use dictionaries and books from Taiwan. In recent years, some have also began using books and teaching materials from Mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia. Filipino Mandarin newspapers use the Traditional Chinese characters in writing. Due to selection of founders and sponsors of Chinese schools, schools either teach using only Simplified Chinese characters, only Traditional Chinese characters, or a mixture of both. Many Chinese Filipino schools use pinyin and/or bopomofo ("zhuyin fuhao") to teach the language.