Caodong school
A common form of sitting meditation is called "Silent illumination" (Ch. "mòzhào," Jp". mokushō"). This practice was traditionally promoted by the Caodong school of Chinese Chan and is associated with Hongzhi Zhengjue (1091—1157) who wrote various works on the practice. This method derives from the Indian Buddhist practice of the union (Skt. "yuganaddha") of "śamatha" and "vipaśyanā."