Empress Kōken
Inoue was the daughter of Emperor Shōmu, who reigned from March 3, 724 until August 19, 749. Her mother was Agatainukai no Hirotoji (県犬養広刀自), daughter of Agatainukai no Morokoshi. She was the sister of Prince Asaka (d. 744) and Princess Fuwa, and the half sister of Empress Kōken.