Houx
Mining of "Ilex aquifolium" by "P. ilicis" has little overall effect on the host plant. A leaf which has been mined may remain present on the host plant for an extended period, usually up to 5 years and exceptionally up to 8. Vacated mines have been shown to host unicellular algae and small mites. Mined leaves are also more likely to be shed by the plant.