Galápagos tortoise
Chelonoidis niger (the Galápagos tortoise) is a tortoise species complex endemic to the Galápagos Islands. It includes at least 14, and possibly up to 16, species. Only 12 species now exist: one on each of the islands of Santiago, San Cristóbal, Pinzón, Española and Fernandina; two on Santa Cruz; one on each of the five main volcanoes of the largest island, Isabela (Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, Sierra Negra, and Cerro Azul); and one, "abingdoni" from Pinta Island, which is considered extinct as of June 24, 2012. The species inhabiting Floreana Island ("Chelonoidis niger") is thought to have been hunted to extinction by 1850, only years after Charles Darwin's landmark visit of 1835 in which he saw carapaces but no live tortoises on the island; however, hybrid tortoises with "C. niger" ancestry still exist in the modern day.