Russkaya Mysl
In 1901 Peter Berngardovich Struve invited Frank to contribute to his collection, "The Problem of Idealism" (published in 1902), which criticised materialism and positivism. He spent the next five years between Moscow and Germany, writing and translating philosophical works and assisting Struve. Between 1902 and 1905, he contributed to Struve's periodical, "Osvobozhdenie" ('Liberation'), published in Stuttgart (1902-1904) and Paris (1904–1905). In 1906 he moved to St Petersburg and contributed philosophical essays to Struve's periodical, "Russkaya Mysl". In 1908, he contributed to the influential symposium, "Vekhi" ('signposts').