Vitamin E
More recent research has focused on different ways to supply the patient with Vitamin E. In 2018, the Journal of Lipid Research posted a study testing alternative forms of Vitamin E absorption. Currently, Vitamin E is most often supplemented in the fat-soluble form vitamin E acetate. Due to fat malabsorption, the intended supplementation is considerable compromised. Two different forms were tested: vitamin E tocofersolan and α-tocopherol acetate. The study concluded that plasma bioavailabilities were extremely low (2.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Additionally, plasma concentrations of tocopherol were not significantly different in patients.