Military engineering
In 1996 a 50 [[Hectare|ha]] (125 [[acre]]) enclosure was built in Pleistocene Park. As a first step in recreating the ancient landscape, the Yakutian horses were introduced, as horses had been the most abundant [[ungulate]]s on the northeastern Siberian mammoth steppe. Of the first 40 horses, 15 were killed by predators and 12 died of eating poisonous plants. More horses were imported, and they learned to cope with the environment. In 2006 approximately 20 horses lived in the park, and by 2007 more horses were being born annually than died. By 2013, the number had risen to about 30. Moose, present in the area, were also introduced. The effects of large animals (mammoths and wisents) on nature were artificially created by using an [[Military engineering vehicle|engineering tank]] and an 8-wheel drive [[ARGO (ATV manufacturer)|Argo all-terrain vehicle]] to crush pathways through the willow shrub.