Minh Mạng
When Anouvong was defeated again in 1828 and fled to Xiangkhouang, Chao Noy, the ruler of Muang Phuan, a former vassal to Anouvong that later became a vassal of Vietnam, revealed the whereabouts of Anouvong to "Chao Phraya" Bodindecha, which led to the capture of Anouvong. Emperor Minh Mạng then summoned Chao Noy to Huế and had him executed. Emperor Minh Mạng later annexed the Kingdom of Muang Phuan to direct rule of Vietnam, and it became the province of Trấn Ninh.