Directorate of Ukraine
From 1901, he belonged to the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP), heading its regional headquarters in Lubny. He was jailed once again in connections to the revolutionary activities of 1906 and after escaping was imprisoned again in 1907. Since 1917, Livytskyi was a member of the Central Rada and the "Peasant Union" (Ukraine). In the period of the "Hetmanate" (1918), he was a member of the Ukrainian National Union, in opposition to the government of Pavlo Skoropadsky. Later during the time of the Directorate of Ukraine, he was one of the founders of the "Labour Council of Ukraine" - the highest governing body of Ukraine. Livytskyi also held positions as the Minister of Justice and the deputy of the "Rada of National Ministers of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR)" in 1919, as well as the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the government of Isaak Mazepa in 1919. From October 14 to November 18, 1920, he served as the Prime Minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic.