Kazusa Province
Shimōsa is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. It was bordered by Kazusa Province to the south, Musashi and Kōzuke Provinces to the west, and Hitachi and Shimotsuke Provinces to the north. Under the "Engishiki" classification system, Shimōsa was ranked as a "great country" (大国) and a far country (遠国).