Vaccinium vitis-idaea
In Honshu, from 1,600 to 2,500 meters, and Hokkaido at slightly lower altitudes, character species in the subalpine zone are "Vaccinium vitis-idaea", "Vaccinium ovalifolium", "Neottia cordata", "Coptis trifolia". Distinguishing trees include "Abies mariesii", "Larix kaempferi", and "Tsuga diversifolia".