孝文帝
The ancestors of the "Du" family are known as the Tangdu. The Tangdu resided southeast of Xi'an in Shaanxi province. The "Fan" (范) and "Du" clans share a common ancestor. Some members of the "Du" (杜) family are the Tuoba (拓跋) family of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei. "Dugu" is the surname of Xianbei.