Isma'il Pasha
The Imperial Firman Relative to Hereditary Succession was a "firman" (i.e., decree) issued by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdülaziz on 27 May 1866 at the request of Isma'il Pasha, the "wāli" (i.e. governor) of Egypt, which was then an Ottoman province. The "firman" changed the rule of succession in Egypt from one based on agnatic seniority to one based on male primogeniture in the direct line of Isma'il Pasha. The full text of the "firman" read as follows: