Von Neumann architecture
John Von Neumann's famous EDVAC monograph, "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC", proposed the main enhancement to its design that embodied the principal "stored-program" concept that we now call the Von Neumann architecture. This was the storing of the program in the same memory as the data. The British computers EDSAC at Cambridge and the Manchester Baby were the first working computers that followed this design. And it has been followed by the great majority of all computers ever made since. Having the program and data in different memories is now called the Harvard architecture to distinguish it.