Ripuarian Franks
As attested in the early 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum", the province was renamed Germania Secunda (Germania II) in the 4th century. It was administered by a "consularis" and formed part of the Diocese of Gaul. Up to the end of Roman control, it was an intensely garrisoned province that was inhabited by Romans and Ripuarian Franks in the 5th century. Its capital remained at Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, which also became the seat of a Christian bishopric, in charge of an ecclesiastical province that survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire.