Юань ши
The Qing dynasty Qianlong Emperor used the Mongolian language to "correct" inconsistent and erroneous Chinese character transcriptions of Mongol names in the "History of Yuan" in his project: "Imperial compilation of the Three Histories of Liao, Jin, and Yuan explained in the National Language" (). Qianlong's "corrections" ended up compounding the errors and making the transcription of some foreign words in the "History of Yuan" even worse. Marshall Broomhall wrote that "So unscientific was this work that the K'ien-lung editions of the Liao, Kin, and Yüan histories are practically useless." Both the old and new transliterations were shown in the Qianlong edition. The Manchu word for village, "farkha", replaced "Ha-li-fa", a transliteration of Calif. Bie-shi-ba-li, a transliteration of the Turkish term for the city Bishbalik, was turned into Ba-shi-bo-li, with the explanation that "bashi" and "boli" were translations of "head" and "kidneys" in Arabic. Gi-lu-rh was created to sound more aesthetic than the transliteration K'ie-lu-lien, the name of the Mongolian river Kerulun.