Sumatran rhinoceros
The existence of rhinoceroses in ancient China is attested both by archaeological evidence and by references in ancient Chinese literature. Depictions of rhinoceroses in ancient Chinese art are typically very accurate and lifelike, suggesting that they were modelled first-hand by the artist on living rhinoceroses rather than being based on legend or traveller's tales. The main species of rhinoceros that lived in China in ancient times has been identified as the Sumatran Rhinoceros ("Dicerorhinus sumatrensis"), more especially the Northern Sumatran rhinoceros ("Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis") although the Indian Rhinoceros ("Rhinoceros unicornis") and Javan Rhinoceros ("Rhinoceros sondaicus") were also present.