Viceroy of Liangjiang
Under the Qing dynasty, the governor (巡撫, "xunfu") of Jiangsu was the highest-ranking official within Jiangsu but reported to the Viceroy of Liangjiang, who was often involved in provincial affairs. Additionally, the taotais of the treaty ports were often quite autonomous and exercised a great deal of influence through their direct involvement with foreign officials and the income from international trade.