Cossack Hetmanate
Although the Ottomans, Poles and Muscovites all had evidence that the Cossack Hetmanate swore allegiance to multiple parties simultaneously, "they chose to pretend they were not aware of any dual loyalty". The Ottomans did not consolidate their position in Ukraine with a strong military presence, because a frontier buffer zone suited their interests. The Ottomans referred to the Cossack Hetmanate in multiple ways. The Hetmanate under Khmelnytsky was called an eyalet; under Doroshenko, it was called a sancak (province) by June 1669. The Ottomans called the Cossack Hetmanate "the country of Ukraine" ("Ukraniya memleketi"). Historian Viktor Ostapchuk discusses the Ukrainian-Ottoman relationship in the following way: