High Renaissance
Alexander Raunch in "The Art of the High Renaissance and Mannerism in Rome and Central Italy", 2007, states the High Renaissance began in 1490, while Marilyn Stokstad in "Art History", 2008, states it began in the 1490s. Frederick Hartt states that Leonardo's "The Last Supper", the painting of which began in 1495 and concluded in 1498, makes a complete break with the Early Renaissance and created the world in which Michelangelo and Raphael worked, while Christoph Luitpold Frommel, in his 2012 article "Bramante and the Origins of the High Renaissance," states "The Last Supper" is the first High Renaissance work but adds that the peak period of the High Renaissance was actually 1505 to 1513. David Piper in "The Illustrated History of Art", 1991, also cites "The Last Supper" writing the work announced the High Renaissance and was one of the most influential paintings of the High Renaissance, but contradictorily states that the High Renaissance began just after 1500. Burchkardt stated the High Renaissance started at the close of the 15th century, while Franz Kugler, who wrote the first "modern" survey text, "Handbook of Art History" in 1841, and Hugh Honour and John Fleming in "The Visual Arts: A History", 2009, state the High Renaissance started at the beginning of the 16th century. Another seminal work of art which was created in the 1495–1500 timeframe was Michelangelo's "Pietà," housed in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, which was executed in 1498–99.