Phalaris arundinacea
"Phalaris arundinacea", "Phalaris aquatica", and "Phalaris brachystachys" are known to contain the alkaloids "N","N"-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and 5-OH-DMT (bufotenin). Some research has been done into the variability of alkaloids in the "Phalaris" grasses. Strains with high levels of alkaloids are best avoided in locations with grazing cattle and sheep, due to potential toxicity. Such high-alkaloid strains include "Phalaris aquatica AQ-1" and the species "P. brachystachys". Seasonal and weather patterns also appear to affect alkaloid concentration, as most toxicity occurs in autumn and in times of drought. Regrowth after grazing or mowing also shows a considerable increase in alkaloids.