Acer rubrum
It is also dominant in northern hardwood forest habitat and its ecotones, in the understory of red or sugar maple ("Acer rubrum" or "A. saccharum"), yellow birch ("Betula lutea"), and American beech ("Fagus grandifolia"). Other dominant understory species growing with it include false lily-of-the-valley ("Maianthemum canadense"), goldthread ("Coptis groenlandica"), starflower ("Trientalis borealis"), and woodferns ("Dryopteris" spp.).