Amir al-Mu'minin
Seeking to legitimise his rule, Ibn Hud pledged allegiance to the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and took the titles of "Amir al-Mu'minin" and "al-Mutawwakil" ('he who relies [on God]'). However, in 1231 his troops were decisively defeated by the Kingdom of Castile in the Battle of Jerez, and by the Kingdom of León near Mérida. These defeats lost him support and earned him the nickname 'the Deprived'.