ジャン＝ジャック・デサリーヌ
In 1804, in Haiti, the governor general, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, proclaimed himself "Emperor Jacques I". He ruled for two years. In 1811, the president, Henry Christophe proclaimed himself "King Henri I" and ruled until 1820. In 1849, the president, Faustin Soulouque, proclaimed himself "Emperor Faustin I" and ruled until 1859.