Japanese giant salamander
The correct scientific name of this species has been argued to be "Andrias scheuchzeri" (in which case "Andrias davidianus" would be a junior synonym) – a name otherwise restricted to an extinct species described from Swiss fossils. It has also been given the moniker of "living fossil" for being part of the family Cryptobranchidae which dates back 170 million years. It is one of only four to five known extant species of the family, the others being the slightly smaller, but otherwise very similar Japanese giant salamander ("Andrias japonicus"), the slightly larger South China giant salamander ("A. sligoi"), an undescribed species from eastern China, and the far smaller North American hellbender ("Cryptobranchus alleganiensis").