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In 1723, Juel was charged with a role in a conspiracy involving Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, (pretender to the throne of Sweden, husband of Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia and father of Peter III of Russia). The plot involved deposing Frederick IV in favour of Charles Frederick as King of Norway, with military help from Russia, and in return Russia would get the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland. He was executed for high treason at the New Square, Copenhagen in 1723 because of this conspiracy.