Mongolie-Extérieure
Outer Mongolia (Mongolian script: or ， Mongolian Cyrillic: or , romanization: "Gadaad Mongol" or "Alr Mongol"; Manchu: "Tülergi Monggo"; ) was a territory of the Qing dynasty from 1691 to 1911. Its area was roughly equivalent to that of the modern state of Mongolia, sometimes called "Outer Mongolia" in China today, plus the Russian republic of Tuva.