Republic of Formosa
From 1895 to 1945, the islands of Taiwan and the Penghu Islands became a dependency of Japan in 1895 when the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War. The short-lived Republic of Formosa resistance movement was suppressed by Japanese troops and quickly defeated in the Capitulation of Tainan, ending organized resistance to Japanese occupation and inaugurated five decades of Taiwan under Japanese rule. Its administrative capital was in Taihoku (Taipei) led by the Governor-General of Taiwan.