Sidenbin

Sidenbin eller slembin (Colletes) är ett släkte i insektsordningen steklar och överfamiljen bin.

Beskrivning 
Sidenbin har en längd på mellan 7 och 16 millimeter. Kroppen är svartaktig och täckt med brun till gråaktig behåring på mellankroppen. I bakkanten på tergiterna (segmenten på bakkroppens ovansida) har arterna ljusa hårband som ger bakkroppen ett randigt utseende. Antennerna är bakåtböjda på stillasittande individer, och tungan har kluven spets, något som är unikt för släktet.

Ekologi 
Sidenbina är solitära, varje hona gräver ut sina egna bon. Emellertid är det vanligt att flera honor anlägger sina bon i stora kolonier som kan omfatta flera tusen bon. Honan gräver ut sina bo i marken, ofta i solig, sandig mark. Det förekommer också att murbruk eller porös sandsten används för bona. Ett bo innehåller flera larvceller på rad. Honan klär larvcellernas väggar med ett plastliknande, skyddande lager, som består av ett sekret som avsöndas på en spunnen silkeshinna. Sekretet är en naturlig polyester av laktoner från två olika hydroxisyror, som bildas i  den så kallade Dufour-körteln som finns i bakkroppen i anslutning till gadden. Hinnan får ett sidenliknande utseende när sekretet har stelnat, därav det svenska namnet. Honan förser den färdiga cellen med ett lager av pollen och nektar som föda åt larven. Till sist sätter hon fast ägget i cellens tak och försluter denna. 
Sidenbina är ofta oligolektiska, det vill säga de hämtar vanligen nektar och pollen från ett begränsat antal blomarter. De parasiteras av blodbin och filtbin.

Utbredning 
Det finns 8 svenska arter (alla med svenska trivialnamn nedan) varav 2 är rödlistade. I Finland finns det 7 arter (alla de nedanstående med svenska trivialnamn utom hedsidenbi), varav en är rödlistad.

Släktet finns i alla världsdelar utom den australiska regionen, Sydöstasien, Madagaskar och Antarktis. Antalet beskrivna arter är 469 (2012), men man uppskattar totalantalet arter till omkring 700. Av dessa finns 58 arter i Europa.

Arter 
Av de 469 beskrivna arterna har Catalogue of Life listat 462:

Vårsidenbi	(Colletes cunicularius (Linnaeus, 1761))
Väggsidenbi (Colletes daviesanus Smith, 1846)
Florsidenbi (Colletes floralis Eversmann, 1852)
Hedsidenbi (Colletes fodiens (Fourcroy, 1785)) Nära hotad i Sverige, saknas i Finland
Finsidenbi (Colletes impunctatus Nylander, 1852)
Klöversidenbi (Colletes marginatus Smith, 1846) Nära hotad i Sverige, starkt hotad i Finland
Korgsidenbi (Colletes similis Schenck, 1853)
Ljungsidenbi (Colletes succinctus (Linnaeus, 1758))
 Saltsidenbi (Colletes halophilus) Verhoeff, 1944
 Colletes abeillei Pérez, 1903
 Colletes aberrans Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes abessinicus Friese, 1915
 Colletes abnormis Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes acutiformis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes acutus Pérez, 1903
 Colletes aestivalis Patton, 1879
 Colletes aethiops Cresson, 1868
 Colletes albescens Cresson, 1868
 Colletes albicinctus (Moure, 1943)
 Colletes albohirtus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849)
 Colletes alfkeni Noskiewicz, 1958
 Colletes alfredjohni Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes algarobiae Cockerell, 1900
 Colletes alicularis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes alini Kuhlmann, 2000
 Colletes alocochila Moure, 1956
 Colletes americanus Cresson, 1868
 Colletes anceps Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes anchusae Noskiewicz, 1924
 Colletes andrewsi Cockerell, 1906
 Colletes angelicus Cockerell, 1905
 Colletes ankarae Warncke, 1978
 Colletes annae Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes annapurnensis Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes annejohnae Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes annulicornis Morawitz, 1876
 Colletes antecessus Cockerell, 1932
 Colletes antiguensis Cockerell, 1912
 Colletes arabicus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes araucariae Friese, 1910
 Colletes arenarius Morawitz, 1876
 Colletes aridus Stephen, 1954
 Colletes arizonensis Stephen, 1954
 Colletes armeniacus (Friese, 1921)
 Colletes arsenjevi Kuhlmann, 2006
 Colletes arztbergi Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes asiaticus Kuhlmann, 1999
 Colletes askhabadensis Radoszkowski, 1886
 Colletes atacamensis Janvier, 1955
 Colletes atlassus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes atripes Smith, 1854
 Colletes aureocinctus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes azteka Cresson, 1868
 Colletes azureus Friese, 1912
 Colletes babai Hirashima & Tadauchi, 1979
 Colletes banksi Swenk, 1908
 Colletes beamerorum Stephen, 1954
 Colletes bernadettae Kuhlmann, 2000
 Colletes bhutanicus Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes bicolor Smith, 1879
 Colletes bidentulus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes birkmanni Swenk, 1906
 Colletes bischoffi Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes biskrensis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes bokkeveldi Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes bombiformis Metz, 1910
 Colletes bradleyi Mitchell, 1951
 Colletes brethesi Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes brevicornis Robertson, 1897
 Colletes brevigena Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes brevinodis Vachal, 1909
 Colletes brimleyi Mitchell, 1951
 Colletes brumalis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes bruneri Swenk, 1904
 Colletes brunneitarsis Noskiewicz, 1958
 Colletes bryanti Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes bulbotibialis Stephen, 1954
 Colletes bumeliae Neff, 2004
 Colletes bytinskii Noskiewicz, 1955
 Colletes californicus Provancher, 1895
 Colletes canescens Smith, 1853
 Colletes capensis Cameron, 1905
 Colletes capitatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes cardiurus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes carinatus Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes cariniger Pérez, 1903
 Colletes caskanus (Strand, 1919)
 Colletes caspicus Morawitz, 1874
 Colletes cercidii Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes chalybaeus Friese, 1910
 Colletes chamaesarachae Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes chengtehensis Yasumatsu, 1935
 Colletes ciliatoides Stephen, 1954
 Colletes ciliatus Patton, 1879
 Colletes cinctellus Friese, 1925
 Colletes cinerascens Morawitz, 1894
 Colletes claripes Friese, 1925
 Colletes clarus Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes clematidis Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes clypearis Morawitz, 1876
 Colletes clypeatus Mocsáry, 1901
 Colletes clypeonitens Swenk, 1906
 Colletes cognatus Spinola, 1851
 Colletes collaris Dours, 1872
 Colletes comatus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes comberi Cockerell, 1911
 Colletes compactus Cresson, 1868
 Colletes conradti Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes consors Cresson, 1868
 Colletes constrictus Pérez, 1903
 Colletes coriandri Pérez, 1895
 Colletes costaricensis Friese, 1916
 Colletes covilleae Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes cretaceus Morawitz, 1876
 Colletes creticus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes cyanescens (Haliday, 1836)
 Colletes cyaneus Holmberg, 1903
 Colletes cyanonitidus Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes cyprius Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes daleae Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes daourus Warncke, 1978
 Colletes delicatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes delodontus Viereck, 1903
 Colletes dentiventris Dours, 1872
 Colletes denudatus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes deserticola Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes desertorum Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes dilatatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes dimidiatus Brullé, 1840
 Colletes dinizi Kuhlmann, Ortiz & Ornosa, 2001
 Colletes diodontus Benoist, 1958
 Colletes distinctus Cresson, 1868
 Colletes dorni Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes dorsalis Morawitz, 1888
 Colletes dubitatus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes dudgeonii Bingham, 1897
 Colletes durbanensis Cockerell, 1919
 Colletes dusmeti Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes eardleyi Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes eatoni Morice, 1904
 Colletes ebmeri Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes edentulus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes elegans Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes emaceatus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes eous Morice, 1904
 Colletes esakii Hirashima, 1958
 Colletes escalerai Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes eulophi Robertson, 1891
 Colletes eupogonites Moure, 1949
 Colletes everaertae Michener, 1993
 Colletes extensicornis Vachal, 1909
 Colletes fasciatus Smith, 1853
 Colletes fascicularis Cockerell, 1932
 Colletes faurei Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes flaminii Moure, 1956
 Colletes flavicornis Morawitz, 1876
 Colletes formosus Pérez, 1895
 Colletes foveolaris Pérez, 1903
 Colletes fraterculus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes friesei Cockerell, 1918
 Colletes frontalis Metz, 1910
 Colletes fulgidus Swenk, 1904
 Colletes fulvicornis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes fulvipes Spinola, 1851
 Colletes furfuraceus Holmberg, 1886
 Colletes fuscicornis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes fusconotus Cockerell, 1919
 Colletes gallicus Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes gandhi Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes genalis Friese, 1909
 Colletes gessi Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes gigas Cockerell, 1918
 Colletes gilensis Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes gilvus Vachal, 1909
 Colletes glaber Warncke, 1978
 Colletes glycyrrhizae Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes gorillarum Cockerell, 1932
 Colletes graeffei Alfken, 1900
 Colletes granpiedrensis Genaro, 2001
 Colletes grisellus Michener, 1989
 Colletes griseus (Westwood, 1875)
 Colletes guadalajarensis Metz, 1910
 Colletes guichardi Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes gussakowskii Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes gypsicolens Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes hakkari Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes harreri Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes haubrugei Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes hederae Schmidt & Westrich, 1993
 Colletes hedini Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes hethiticus Warncke, 1978
 Colletes hicaco Genaro, 2003
 Colletes hiekejuniori Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes hiekeseniori Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes himalayensis Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes hirtibasis Cockerell, 1936
 Colletes howardi Swenk, 1925
 Colletes hyalinus Provancher, 1888
 Colletes hylaeiformis Eversmann, 1852
 Colletes idoneus Cockerell, 1922
 Colletes inaequalis Say, 1837
 Colletes inconspicuus Kirby, 1900
 Colletes indicus Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes inexpectatus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes infracognitus Cockerell, 1937
 Colletes inornatus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes integer Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes intermixtus Swenk, 1905
 Colletes intricatus Smith, 1879
 Colletes inuncantipedis Neff, 2004
 Colletes iranicus Noskiewicz, 1962
 Colletes issykkuli Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes isthmicus Swenk, 1930
 Colletes jankowskyi Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes jejunus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes joergenseni Friese, 1910
 Colletes judaicus Noskiewicz, 1955
 Colletes kansensis Stephen, 1954
 Colletes karooensis Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes kaszabi Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes katharinae Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes kerri Moure, 1956
 Colletes kincaidii Cockerell, 1898
 Colletes knersvlaktei Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes kozlovi Friese, 1913
 Colletes kudonis Cockerell, 1927
 Colletes lacunatus Dours, 1872
 Colletes laevifrons Morawitz, 1894
 Colletes laevigena Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes langeanus Moure, 1956
 Colletes larreae Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes latefasciatus Friese, 1925
 Colletes laticaudus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes laticeps Friese, 1910
 Colletes laticinctus Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes latipes Friese, 1915
 Colletes latitarsis Robertson, 1891
 Colletes lebedewi Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes ligatus Erichson, 1855
 Colletes lineatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes linsleyi Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes longiceps Friese, 1910
 Colletes longifacies Stephen, 1954
 Colletes louisae Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes lucasi Pérez, 1895
 Colletes lucens Vachal, 1909
 Colletes lutzi Timberlake, 1943
 Colletes luzhouensis Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes lycii Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes macconnelli Metz, 1910
 Colletes mackieae Cockerell, 1932
 Colletes maidli Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes malleatus Cockerell, 1933
 Colletes malmus (Cameron, 1905)
 Colletes mandibularis Smith, 1853
 Colletes marleyi Cockerell, 1919
 Colletes maroccanus Warncke, 1978
 Colletes mastochila Moure, 1956
 Colletes merceti Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes meridionalis Schrottky, 1902
 Colletes metzi Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes mexicanus Cresson, 1868
 Colletes meyeri Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes michaelis Cockerell, 1936
 Colletes micheneri Stephen, 1954
 Colletes michenerianus Moure, 1956
 Colletes microdontoides Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes microdontus Cockerell, 1937
 Colletes mimincus Cockerell, 1914
 Colletes minutissimus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes minutus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes missionum Cockerell, 1932
 Colletes mitchelli Stephen, 1954
 Colletes mixtus Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes mlokossewiczi Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes moctezumensis Metz, 1910
 Colletes montacuti Cockerell, 1947
 Colletes montefragus Raw, 1984
 Colletes morawitzi Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes moricei Saunders, 1904
 Colletes motaguensis Cockerell, 1912
 Colletes mourei Kuhlmann, 1999
 Colletes murinus Friese, 1900
 Colletes musculus Friese, 1910
 Colletes nanaeformis Noskiewicz, 1959
 Colletes nanellus Cockerell, 1944
 Colletes nanus Friese, 1898
 Colletes nasutus Smith, 1853
 Colletes nautlanus Cockerell, 1899
 Colletes neoqueenensis Friese, 1910
 Colletes nieuwoudtvillei Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes niger Swenk, 1904
 Colletes nigricans Gistel, 1857
 Colletes nigrifrons Titus, 1900
 Colletes nigritulus Friese, 1910
 Colletes nitescens Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes nitidicollis Friese, 1900
 Colletes niveatus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes noskiewiczi Cockerell, 1942
 Colletes nudus Robertson, 1898
 Colletes obscurus Friese, 1925
 Colletes ochraceus Swenk, 1906
 Colletes omanus Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes opacicollis Friese, 1909
 Colletes opacus Friese, 1925
 Colletes ornatus Schrottky, 1903
 Colletes ottomanus Noskiewicz, 1958
 Colletes pallescens Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes pallipes Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes panamensis Michener, 1954
 Colletes paniscus Viereck, 1903
 Colletes parafodiens Friese, 1925
 Colletes paratibeticus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes patagonicus Schrottky, 1907
 Colletes patellatus Pérez, 1905
 Colletes pauljohni Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes penulatus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes perezi Morice, 1904
 Colletes perforator Smith, 1869
 Colletes perileucus Cockerell, 1924
 Colletes perplexus Smith, 1879
 Colletes persicus Warncke, 1979
 Colletes peruvicus Cockerell, 1913
 Colletes petalostemonis Swenk, 1906
 Colletes petropolitanus Dalla Torre, 1897
 Colletes phaceliae Cockerell, 1906
 Colletes phenax Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes pinnatus Vachal, 1909
 Colletes platycnema Snelling, 1975
 Colletes plebeius Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes plumulosus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes pollinarius Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes popovi Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes productus Robertson, 1891
 Colletes prosopidis Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes pseudocinerascens Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes pseudojejunus Noskiewicz, 1959
 Colletes pseudolaevigena Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes pulchellus Pérez, 1903
 Colletes pumilus Morice, 1904
 Colletes punctatus Mocsary, 1877
 Colletes punctipennis Cresson, 1868
 Colletes quadrigenis Vachal, 1909
 Colletes radoszkowskii Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes ravulus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes recurvatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes reginae Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes reinigi Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes restingensis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes reticulatus (Cameron, 1897)
 Colletes rhodaspis Cockerell, 1909
 Colletes robertsonii Dalla Torre, 1896
 Colletes roborovskyi Friese, 1913
 Colletes rohweri Cockerell, 1919
 Colletes rothschildi Vachal, 1909
 Colletes rozeni Kuhlmann, 2005
 Colletes rubellus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes rubicola Benoist, 1942
 Colletes rubripes Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes rubrovittatus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes rudis Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes ruficollis Friese, 1925
 Colletes rufipes Smith, 1879
 Colletes rufitarsis Friese, 1909
 Colletes rufocinctus Cockerell, 1929
 Colletes rufosignatus Cockerell, 1918
 Colletes rufotibialis Friese, 1909
 Colletes rugicollis Friese, 1900
 Colletes rutilans Vachal, 1909
 Colletes salicicola Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes salsolae Cockerell, 1934
 Colletes sanctus Cockerell, 1910
 Colletes saritensis Stephen, 1954
 Colletes schmidi Noskiewicz, 1962
 Colletes schrottkyi Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes schultzei Friese, 1909
 Colletes schwarzi Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes scopiventer Swenk, 1908
 Colletes seitzi Alfken, 1900
 Colletes sellatus Morawitz, 1894
 Colletes seminitens Cockerell, 1919
 Colletes seminitidus Spinola, 1851
 Colletes senilis (Eversmann, 1852)
 Colletes sichuanensis Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes sidemii Radoszkowski, 1891
 Colletes sierrensis Frey-Gessner, 1903
 Colletes simulans Cresson, 1868
 Colletes simus Pérez, 1903
 Colletes skinneri Viereck, 1903
 Colletes skorikowi Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes slevini Cockerell, 1925
 Colletes sodalis (Cameron, 1897)
 Colletes solidaginis Swenk, 1906
 Colletes solitarius Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes somereni Cockerell, 1947
 Colletes sordescens Cockerell, 1933
 Colletes sororcula Cockerell, 1936
 Colletes speculiferus Cockerell, 1927
 Colletes sphaeralceae Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes spilopterus Cockerell, 1917
 Colletes squamosus Morawitz, 1878
 Colletes squamulosus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes stachi Noskiewicz, 1958
 Colletes standfussi Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes steinbachi Friese, 1910
 Colletes stellatus Cockerell, 1946
 Colletes stepheni Timberlake, 1958
 Colletes striginasis Vachal, 1909
 Colletes subdilatatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes submarginatus Cresson, 1865
 Colletes subnitens Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes sulcatus Vachal, 1909
 Colletes susannae Swenk, 1925
 Colletes swenki Stephen, 1954
 Colletes tadschikus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes taiwanensis Dubitzki & Kuhlmann, 2004
 Colletes tardus Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes tectiventris Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes testaceipes Friese, 1909
 Colletes texanus Cresson, 1872
 Colletes thoracicus Smith, 1853
 Colletes thysanellae Mitchell, 1951
 Colletes tibeticus Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes timberlakei Stephen, 1954
 Colletes tinctulus Cockerell, 1937
 Colletes tingoensis Cockerell, 1926
 Colletes titusensis Mitchell, 1951
 Colletes tomentosus Friese, 1910
 Colletes transitorius Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes trigonatus Cockerell, 1933
 Colletes tuberculatus Morawitz, 1894
 Colletes tuberculiger Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes tulbaghensis Kuhlmann, 1998
 Colletes turgiventris Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes ulrikae Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes uralensis Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes utilis Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes vachali Jörgensen, 1912
 Colletes wacki Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes wahisi Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes wahrmani Noskiewicz, 1959
 Colletes validus Cresson, 1868
 Colletes vandykei Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes warnckei Kuhlmann, 2002
 Colletes watmoughi Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes weiski Friese, 1912
 Colletes westghats Kuhlmann, 2003
 Colletes wickhami Timberlake, 1943
 Colletes willistoni Robertson, 1891
 Colletes wilmattae Cockerell, 1904
 Colletes virgatus Vachal, 1904
 Colletes wolfi Kuhlmann, 1999
 Colletes wollmanni Noskiewicz, 1936
 Colletes volsellatus Metz, 1910
 Colletes wootoni Cockerell, 1897
 Colletes xerophilus Timberlake, 1951
 Colletes xuechengensis Kuhlmann, 2007
 Colletes yemensis Noskiewicz, 1929
 Colletes zuluensis Friese, 1925
 Colletes zygophyllum Kuhlmann, 2007

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