Etnografisk klassifikation af Amerikas oprindelige folk

Etnografisk klassifikation af amerikas oprindelige folk i Nord-, Mellem- og Sydamerika er baseret på kulturelle områder, geografi og lingvistik. Antropologer har navngivet forskellige kulturelle områder, med flydende grænser, der er generelt accepteres med en vis variation. Disse kulturelle områder er stort set baserede på placeringen af Amerikas oprindelige folk fra den tidlige europæiske og afrikanske kontakt, der begynder i slutningen af det 15. århundrede. Når oprindelige folk er blevet tvangsfjernet af nationalstater, bevarer de deres oprindelige geografiske klassifikation. Nogle grupper spænde over flere kulturelle områder.

Klassifikation af oprindelige amerikanere i USA og Canada 
Etnografer opdeler normalt USA's og Canadas oprindelige befolkning i ti geografiske regioner, som har fælles kulturelle træk. Den følgende liste opdeler folkeslagene efter deres oprindelsessted, efterfulgt af deres nuværende sted. Regionerne er:

Arktisk 
 Aleut
 Inuit
 Yupik

Subarktisk 

 Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
 Atikamekw
 Babine
 Bearlake
 Carrier
 Chipewyan
 Chilcotin
 Cree
 Degexit'an (Ingalik)
 Dogrib
 Han
 Hare
 Holikachuk
 Innu
 Kaska (Nahane)
 Kolchan (Upper Kuskowim)
 Koyukon
 Kutchin
 Mountain
 Naskapi
 Nishka
 Ojibwa
 Sekani
 Slavey (dialekter: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson)
 Tagish
 Tahltan
 Lower Tanana
 Middle Tanana
 Upper Tanana
 Tanacross
 Tanaina (dialekter: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai, Susitna River)
 Tasttine (bæver)
 Inland Tlingit
 Tsetsaut
 Tsimishian
 Northern Tutchone
 Southern Tutchone
 Wet'suweten
 Yellowknife

Californien 

 Achomawi (Pit River-indianere)
 Antoniaño
 Atsugewi
 Bear River
 Cahuilla
 Campo
 Chemehuevi
 Chukchansi
 Chumash (dialekter: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño, Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik)
 Chilula
 Chimariko
 Costanoan (dialekter: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen)
 Cupeño
 Diegueño
 Esselen
 Fernandeño: se Tataviam
 Gabrieliño: se Tongva
 Giamina
 Huchnom
 Hupa
 Ipai
 Jamul
 Juaneño
 Kamia
 Karok
 Kato
 Kiliwa
 Kitanemuk
 Klamath
 Konomihu
 Konkow
 Kumeyaay (Diegueño)
 Lassik
 Luiseño
 Maidu
 Mattole
 Mesa Grande
 Migueleño
 Mission-indianerne
 Miwok (Me-wuk)
 Modoc
 Mohave
 Monache
 Nakipa
 Nisenan
 Nomlaki
 Nongatl
 Ohlone
 Paipai (Akwa'ala)
 Paiute
 Patwin
 Pomo
 Quechan
 Rumsen
 Salinan
 San Clemente
 San Nicolas
 Santa Catalina
 Serrano
 Shasta-stammen
 Sinkyone
 Tache
 Tachi-stammen
 Tataviam (Fernandeño)
 Tipai
 Tolowa
 Tongva (Gabrieliño)
 Tsnungwe
 Tubatulabal
 Wailaki
 Wappo
 Washoe
 Whilkut
 Wintu
 Wintun
 Wiyot
 Yahi
 Yana
 Yocha Dehe
 Yokuts
 Yuki
 Coast Yuki
 Yurok

Østlige skovområder 

 Accohannock Maryland
 Algonquian nedre Saint Lawrence River
 Algonquins Outaouais og Abitibi i Quebec
 Beothuk, tidligere Newfoundland, findes ikke længere
 Caniba
 Conoy
 Erie
 Etchemin Quebec (Maliseet)
 Fox
 Ho-Chunk
 Huron/Wyandot Ontario syd for Georgian Bay, nu Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec
 Illinois (Illini) Illinois
 Iroquois New York
 Cayuga
 Mohawk Kahnawake, Quebec
 Oneida
 Onondaga
 Seneca
 Tuscarora
 Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
 Laurentian
 Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, nu Oklahoma
 Loup A
 Loup B
 Maliseet Maine, Quebec og New Brunswick, Canada
 Mascouten
 Massachusett Massachusetts
 Menominee
 Miami Indiana, nu Oklahoma
 Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio
 Mahican
 Mohegan
 Montauk New York
 Munsee
 Nanticoke
 Narragansett Rhode Island
 Natick
 Neutral
 Nipissing
 Nipmuc Massachusetts
 Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishaabe) Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana)
 Oji-Cree
 Ottawa
 Paugusset Connecticut
 Passamaquoddy Maine
 Penobscot Maine
 Peoria Illinois, nu Oklahoma
 Pequot
 Petun
 Pocumtuk
 Poospatuck New York
 Potawatomi Michigan
 Powhatan Virginia
 Quiripi
 Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey
 Hopewell Ohio og Black River-området
 Sauk
 Saulteaux
 Secotan
 Shawnee Ohio, Pennsylvania [de fleste endte i Oklahoma]
 Shinnecock New York
 Souriquoian
 Susquahannock
 Tarrantine Tarranteen
 Abenaki
 Micmac
 Unalachtigo
 Unami
 Unquachog
 Wampanoag Massachusetts
 Wappinger
 Wawenoc
 Wea
 Wenro
 Wyandot/Huron Ontario syd for Georgian Bay, nu Oklahoma og Wendake, Quebec

Great Basin 

 Bannock
 Chemehuevi
 Gosiute Utah
 Kawaiisu
 Koso
 Mono
 Owen's Valley-stammen
 Northern Paiute Californien, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
 Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
 Panamint
 Paviotso
 Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, Californien
 Wind River Shoshone
 Timbisha
 Ute Utah, Colorado
 Washo Nevada, Californien

Højdedrag 
 Cayuse Oregon
 Celilo (Wayampam)
 Upper Chinookan (dialekter: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet, Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah,
 Columbian (dialetker Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan)
 Coeur d'Alene  Idaho
 Colville Washington
 Upper Cowlitz
 Flatbow
 Flathead 
 Fountain
 John Day
 Kalispel  Washington
 Kittitas
 Klamath
 Klikitat Washington
 Kootenai Idaho
 Lakes
 Lillooet
 Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam)
 Modoc
 Molala (Molale) Oregon
 Nez Perce Idaho
 Nicola
 Okanagan  (dialekter: Northern and Southern)
 Palus (Palouse)
 Pend'Oreilles 
 Rock Creek
 Sahaptin
 Sanpoil
 Shuswap
 Spokane  Washington
 Tenino
 Thompson
 Tygh
 Tygh Valley
 Umatilla Oregon
 Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)
 Walla Walla Oregon
 Wanapum
 Wasco Oregon
 Yakima Washington

Nordvestkysten 

 Alsea
 Applegate
 Bella Bella
 Bella Coola
 Calapooia (se Kalapuya)
 Calapuya (se Kalapuya)
 Chasta Costa
 Chehalis (øvre og nedre) Washington
 Chemakum Washington
 Chetco
 Chilliwak
 Chinook (dialekter: Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
 Chinook Jargon
 Clatsop
 Clatskanie (Tlatskanie)
 Comox
 Coos {Hanis} Oregon
 Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon
 Upper Coquille
 Cowichan
 Lower Cowlitz Washington
 Duwamish Washington
 Eyak Alaska
 Galice
 Haida (dialekter: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska
 Haihai
 Haisla
 Halkomelem
 Heiltsuk
 Hoh Washington
 North Kalapuya (dialekter: Yamhill or Yamel, Tualatin or Tfalati or Atfalati)
 Central Kalapuya (dialekter: Santiam, Mary's River, Lakmiut, Ahantchuyuk, Lower McKenzie eller Mohawk)
 South Kalapuya (Yonkalla or Yoncalla)
 Kimsquit
 Kitimat
 Klallam (Clallam, dialekter: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
 Klemtu
 Klickitat
 Koskimo
 Kwalhioqua
 Kwakiutl (Kwakwala eller Kwakwa'kwa'kw)
 Kwalhioqua
 Kwantlem
 Kwatami
 Lummi Washington
 Lushootseed
 Makah Washington
 Muckleshoot Washington
 Musqueam
 Nanaimo
 Niskwalli
 Nooksack Washington
 Nisqually Washington
 Pentlatch
 Puyallup Washington
 Quileute Washington
 Quinault Washington
 Rogue River eller Upper Illinois Oregon, California
 Saanich
 Samish
 Sauk-Suiattle Washington
 Sechelt
 Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington
 Siletz Oregon
 Siuslaw Oregon
 Skagit
 Skokomish Washington
 Sliammon
 Snohomish
 Stó:lō
 Songish
 Sooke
 Squaxin Island-stammen Washington
 Spokane Washington
 Stillaguamish Washington
 Squamish Washington
 Swinomish Washington
 Tait
 Takelma Oregon
 Talio
 Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon
 Tlatlasikoala
 Tlingit Alaska
 Tolowa-Tututni
 Tsimshian (dialekter: Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Gitando, Kitkatla)
 Tulalip Washington
 Twana
 Lower Umpqua Oregon
 Upper Umpqua Oregon
 Upper Skagit Washington
 Oowekyala
 Yaquina

Sletter 

 Aranama
 Arapaho  Wyoming, Oklahoma
 Arikara  (også kendt som Arikaree eller Ree) North Dakota
 Assiniboine  (også kendt som Stoney og Stone Indians) Montana Fort Peck Indian Reservation hvor Assiniboine og Lakota (Sioux) bor
 Atsina  (også kendt som Gros Ventre of the Prairies)
 Besawunena
 Blackfoot  Montana/Alberta (grupper: Kainah eller Blood, Siksiki, Northern Peigan, Piegan eller Blackfeet)
 Brule
 Caddo
 Cheyenne  Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma
 Chickasaw Oklahoma
 Comanche  Oklahoma
 Crow (Absaroka eller Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming
 Chippewa Cree Montana
 Plains cree Montana
 Dakota
 Gros ventre (se "atsina")
 Hasinai
 Hidatsa  (også kendt som Gros Ventre of the Missouri) North Dakota
 Iowa  (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
 Karankawa Texas
 Kaw (Kansa)  Oklahoma
 Kiowa  Oklahoma
 Kitsai
 Lakota (Teton sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska
 Lipan Apache
 Mandan  North Dakota
 Missouri-stammen (Missouria) Missouri
 Nawathinehena
 Oglala Sioux
 Plains Ojibwe 
 Omaha  Nebraska
 Mississaugas
 Osage Nation  Oklahoma
 Otoe (staves også Oto) Oklahoma
 Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma
 Pawnee (Dialects: South Bands, Skiri) Oklahoma
 Piegan
 Plains Apache Oklahoma
 Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma
 Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma
 Sarsi 
 Santee
 Sauk (oprindeligt Great Lakes, nu Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa
 Siksika
 Sioux (Lakota (teton-sioux), Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming)
 Stoney (gammel betegnelse for Assiniboine)
 Tamique
 Teton
 Tonkawa Oklahoma
 Tsuu T’ina (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina)
 Wichita Oklahoma (Affiliated Tribes – Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi)
 Wyandot Ontario, Michigan
 Yankton
 Yanktonai

Sydøst 

 Adai
 Ais Florida
 Akokisa
 Alabama Alabama
 Apalachee Florida
 Atakapa
 Bidai
 Biloxi Mississippi
 Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
 Calusa Florida
 Catawba South Carolina
 Chatot
 Chawasha
 Cherokee North Carolina; senere primært Oklahoma
 Chiaha
 Chickahominy Virginia
 Chickamauga
 Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, senere Oklahoma
 Chitimacha Louisiana
 Choctaw Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama; senere Oklahoma
 Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia
 Coahuiltecan Texas
 Coushatta Louisiana
 Coharie North Carolina
 Cusabo
 Hitchiti
 Houma Louisiana
 Iswa
 Jeaga Florida
 Koasati
 Lumbee North Carolina
 Mattaponi Virginia
 Meherrin North Carolina
 Mikasuki Florida
 Mobile
 Mocama
 Monacan Virginia
 Nansemond Virginia
 Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana
 Nottoway
 Ofo
 Pamlico (Carolina)
 Pamunkey Virginia
 Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina
 Pensacola
 Rappahannock Virginia
 Saponi
 Seminole Florida; Oklahoma
 Taensa
 Tawasa
 Tekesta Florida
 Timucua (Utina) Florida
 Topachula Florida
 Tuscarora North Carolina, Virginia (senere Niagra Falls, NY)
 Tuskegee
 Tutelo
 Tunica Mississippi
 Waccamaw North Carolina, South Carolina
 Woccon
 Yamasee
 Yuchi

Sydvest 

 Acoma
 Ak Chin Arizona
 Apache Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma
 Chiricahua Apache
 Cochimi Baja California
 Cochiti
 Cocopa Arizona
 Halchidhoma
 Hano
 Hualapai
 Havasupai Arizona
 Hohokam Arizona
 Hopi Arizona
 Isleta
 Isleta del Sur
 Jemez
 Jicarilla Apache
 Jumano
 Karankawa
 Kavelchadhom
 Keres
 Laguna
 Los Luceros
 Maricopa
 Mescalero Apache
 Mohave
 Nambe
 Navaho Arizona, New Mexico
 Opata
 Pecos
 Pericu Baja California
 Picuris
 Pima Arizona
 Pima Bajo
 Piro
 Pueblo-stammen New Mexico
 Qahatika
 Quechan Arizona
 Sandia (Nafiat var navnet på Bernalillo-puebloerne)
 San Carlos
 San Felipe
 San Idelfonso
 San Juan
 Santa Ana
 Santa Clara
 Santo Domingo
 Seri
 Suma
 Taos
 Tesuque
 Tewa
 Tigua
 Toboso
 Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona
 Northern Tonto
 Southern Tonto
 Waicuri (Guaicura) Baja California
 Walapai
 Western Apache
 White Mountain
 Yavapai, se Yavapai-Apache Nation, Yavapai-Prescott-stammen Arizona
 Yuma (Quechan)
 Zia
 Zuni

Klassifikation af oprindelige amerikanere i Mellem- og Sydamerika 
Indianerne i Mellem- og Sydamerika klassificeres generelt efter sproglige, miljømæssige og kulturelle ligheder.

Referencer 

Amerikas oprindelige folk

tr:Amerika yerlileri