kamrulkonok/evalllm2026-french-defense huggingface dataset:
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Drones de surface et subaquatique
Retrouvez les caractéristiques techniques des systèmes de drones de surface et
subaquatique de la Marine nationale.
A télécharger
• Visualiser et télécharger le fichier Capacité Hydrographique et Océanographique
Future (CHOF) - Future Hydrographic and Océanographic Capacity
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données - Acquisition plateform for increased maritime domain
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• Visualiser et télécharger le fichier UHV Manta
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• Visualiser et télécharger le fichier Coopération Franco-Japonaise sur la lutte contre
les mines - Franco-Japanese cooperation on mine countermeasures 
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Partager la page
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defence innovation 
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antenna
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Le salon Euronaval 2022 se tient du 18 au 21 octobre, au Parc des
expositions de Paris-Le Bourget. Le stand du ministère des Armées sera
divisé en plusieurs thématiques : combat de haute intensité,
innovations, soutien-expertise DGA, maîtrise des fonds marins. 
Voir le dossier Euronaval
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Vœux d’Alice Rufo : « L’esprit de défaite est un poison mortel
»
La ministre déléguée auprès de la ministre des Armées et des Anciens combattants,
Alice Rufo, a présenté se...
03 février 2026
Espace : pourquoi la France veut accélérer sa défense
orbitale ?
En février prochain, sur la base aérienne 101 de Toulouse, plusieurs centaines de
militaires participeront ...
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Haut de page
Suivez-nous sur les réseaux sociaux
29 janvier 2026
[Décryptage] : l’innovation, un enjeu majeur de défense et de
souveraineté
L’innovation de défense connaît un dynamisme inédit, portée par la révolution
numérique en cours. Alors que...
28 janvier 2026
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info.gouv.fr
service-public.gouv.fr
legifrance.gouv.fr
data.gouv.fr
Sauf mention contraire, tous les contenus de ce site sont sous licence etalab-2.0
MINISTÈRE
DES ARMÉES
ET DES ANCIENS
COMBATTANTS
Accessibilité : partiellement conforme
Données personnelles
Gestion des cookies
Mentions légales
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bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 1

1 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
 
 
BH-20 PPV Fan 
 
OPERATIONS MANUAL 
 
 
 
 
• WARNING 
  2 
• SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 
  2 
• WARRANTY STATEMENT 
  3 
• UNPACKING 
  3 
• CHARGING PROCEDURE 
  3 
• BATTERY MAINTENANCE 
  3 
• OPERATING PROCEDURE 
  6 
• PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS 
  8 
• TROUBLESHOOTING 
12 
• SERVICE and CONTACTS 
13
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 2

2 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
WARNING 
 
The following information is important to the proper and safe use of your BlowHard BH20 Positive 
Pressure Ventilation (PPV) Fan. Be sure to READ and UNDERSTAND completely the Operating 
Manual BEFORE operating the fan.  FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS COULD 
CAUSE PROPERTY DAMAGE or PERSONAL INJURY. 
 
 
 
 
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 
 
It is the responsibility of the user to provide proper PPV/PPA Training and provide adequate 
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) i.e. gloves and eye protection for handling this and other 
electrical equipment. 
 
This electrical equipment utilizes 110/220V-AC which can cause serious electrical shock if not 
properly operated or maintained.   
 
Use Rated and Approved Outdoor Electrical Extension Cord only with this equipment.  Do not 
submerge this equipment under water.  Avoid getting electrical connection wet.  Do not come in 
contact with wet electrical connections without proper personal protective equipment. 
 
The operating fan is a high speed rotating mechanical device that can cause serious injury if body 
parts come into contact with rotating surfaces or material thrown into moving parts.  Although 
safety grills are installed, they do not block all objects from coming in contact with the rotating 
surfaces.  Do not push body parts or foreign objects through the grill slots.  Do not allow any 
object, material, or fluid into the intake or outlet of the fan, or to come into contact with the fan 
blade. 
 
Pinch Hazards.  The fan is made to fold in and out for storage and operation.  Care must be taken 
when setting up the equipment for operation, and for storing the unit.  Pinch points are at the 
hinged sections of the fan.  Do not put body parts in the space between opposing parts that are 
coming together upon closure or opening of the fan. 
 
Toe Hazards.  This equipment may be stowed in elevated compartments and shelves.  Safety 
handles and shoulder strap are provided for lifting and transporting the equipment.  Appropriate 
footwear and gloves should be worn when handling equipment. 
 
Please observe the above warnings which are symbolized and displayed on the yellow Warning 
Label on the fan enclosure.  Practice Common Sense.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 3

3 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
 
WARRANTY STATEMENT  
 
Please fill out the enclosed Warranty Registration with your information and return to The 
BlowHard Company for our records.  The BH-20 has a 2-year warranty covering all parts from 
the date of purchase under normal operating conditions.  
 
Any intentional misuse or abuse to the unit, accidental damages and anything outside “normal 
wear and tear” to the unit will is not covered under this general warranty policy. 
 
 
Keep your fan Blowing Hard!! 
 
Regular battery maintenance is imperative.  BlowHard recommends completely discharging the 
battery and recharging it every month or two, preferably during a regularly scheduled monthly 
maintenance process.  Foregoing this maintenance could result in permanent damage to the 
battery, which then must be replaced. 
 
 
 
 
UNPACKING PROCEDURES 
 
 
Unpack and remove the fan from the cardboard boxes.   
 
If possible, keep the box and molded package braces. If the fan needs to be returned for any 
reason, these items will help prevent damage during transit. 
 
Visually check to ensure nothing is loose or broken during shipping.  Lay the fan flat on the ground.  
Lift the shroud part of the fan upright.   Once the shroud is vertical, take note of the location of the 
Power Knob and Battery Indicator LED on the top right of the enclosure and the AC Plug on the 
left side.  If anything appears to be damaged, notify us immediately. 
 
 
 
CHARGING PROCEDURES 
 
 
Keep the unit plugged into the truck or wall socket when not in use.  This will ensure the 
fan is always charged.  Remember, there is no charge memory as in NiCad batteries, so 
simply plug it in after each use regardless of existing battery capacity.   
 
 
STEP 1:  Make sure the Power Knob is turned to the left and clicked OFF.  NOTE: If the LED is 
Steady GREEN, then the Fan is in ON Position regardless of whether or not the blades are moving 
and must be completely switched off.  It will not charge otherwise.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 4

4 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
STEP 2:  Plug in the AC Power cord to an approved 120V-AC extension cord.  The LED will 
start Blinking Slow GREEN during pre-charge, and then switch to either RED/GREEN 
alternating (recovery mode), Fast GREEN during fast charge, or Slow GREEN during trickle 
charge and maintenance.  When the battery is fully charged and maintenance complete, the 
LED will stop blinking and go OFF. 
Charge Time:  Expected charge times are 0% - 80% fast charge (fast blink) completed in 1 ½ 
hours.  Slow charge (Slow blink) can take 1 ½ hours longer, 80% - 100%.  Battery maintenance 
can take a long time, depending upon if cell balancing needs to occur.  The fan will continue to 
slow blink during this process, but if it has been plugged in for 3 hours, it is fully charged.  Leave 
the fan plugged in as often as possible to take advantage of the automated cell maintenance. 
Unplugging it at any point to use it will not damage the fan or battery. 
 
BATTERY MAINTENANCE 
 
 
The following are good maintenance practice: 
 
• 
The battery has an integrated charging system.  The integrated charging system will fully 
manage the battery when the fan is plugged in and the power switch is off. 
 
• 
To charge your fan, simply plug it in and turn the power switch counterclockwise to the 
off position.  The power switch must be in the off position for charging to take place. 
 
• 
Quick Charge – A quick charge will charge your battery to about 80% of full capacity.  A 
fully discharged battery takes approximately 90 minutes to Quick Charge. 
 
• 
Trickle (Slow) Charge –Trickle charge takes place from 80% to 100% capacity, and 
takes approximately 90 minutes.  Best practice is to complete a full charge during 
maintenance.  
 
• 
Battery Maintenance – Once the charging process is complete, the battery management 
system will perform maintenance on the battery if the fan remains plugged in.  This 
includes balancing all cells for optimized performance.  
 
• 
Charge Battery after each and every use even for a short period.  The early recharging 
and constant charging does not damage the LiFePO4 battery as they do not develop 
memory. 
 
• 
Always keep the battery in charged condition through constant charging or regular 
maintenance.  This will ensure the readiness operation of the fan and the full capacity of 
each operation.  If possible, leave fan plugged into shore-lined truck.   
 
The battery maintenance process once charging is complete may take several hours, depending 
on the condition and characteristic of each individual battery cell. It can also restart during 
extended periods of nonuse.  The LED does not have to be OFF before using the fully charged 
battery.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 5

5 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
Battery Life: 
 
• 
If you have problems with your battery please contact BlowHard at 541-967-0063. 
 
• 
The typical estimated life of the LiFePO4 battery supplied with BH-20 fans ordered with 
battery is up to 2,000 full discharge cycles. 
 
• 
When your battery reaches its life cycle the run time of the fan will begin to decrease and 
the battery pack will need to be replaced. 
 
• 
Periodically check your run time.  After Full Charge your fan should be capable of 
running on battery for approximately 30 – 38 minutes under full load.  As battery begins 
to reach the end of its life cycle, full charge runtime will drop to about 80% of the original 
time. 
 
• 
Replace batteries with BlowHard battery pack only.  Please contact factory with your fan 
serial number for assistance. 
 
BlowHards want to Blow Hard! 
 
Discharge and recharge every 1 to 2 months.  Turn it on and let it blow. When it stops blowing, 
plug it in and let it fully charge.   
 
A happy BlowHard Blows Hard, a dead BlowHard sucks!
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 6

6 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
OPERATING PROCEDURES 
 
 
STEP 1 - BATTERY OPERATION:   
 
The LED should be OFF and the battery CHARGED.  Turn the Power Knob to the right until it 
clicks ON.  The LED should turn to Steady GREEN. 
 
NOTE: If the LED turns Steady RED, then the battery is BAD and must be replaced.  The fan can 
still be used in AC Mode if no damage has been done to the BMS.  If the BMS is BAD then the 
fan will not work at all.  See TROUBLESHOOTING and call for service. 
 
Continue to turn the Power Knob to vertical position and the fan will start when passed the dead-
band.  The dead-band is the position of the Power Knob designed to check the GREEN LED 
power status without turning on the fan; it is inherent in the variable-speed control. 
 
 
The following are conditions for Variable Speed settings: 
 
• 
The fan can be started at maximum speed for PPV Operation by directly turning the Power 
Knob fully clockwise.  The Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) will ramp-up the fan to 
maximum speed without causing any power surge. 
 
• 
To set the fan at speed other than maximum, the fan can be started at maximum speed, 
and then dialed down, or start at minimum speed and quickly dialed up.  The ESC will 
control and prevent any power surge. 
 
• 
The minimum speed is factory preset to provide light ventilation, is useful for rehab 
situations, and will significantly extend the battery usage. 
 
 
STEP 2 - AC OPERATION:   Plug in the AC cord.  Three conditions exist: 
 
• 
While the Power Knob is in OFF position:  The BMS will automatically charge the battery 
with  available power from the AC power supply.  The LED will show a GREEN blink 
sequence. 
 
• 
Turn the Power Knob to ON and start the Fan.  The BMS will shut down the charging and 
redirect the AC power to run the fan. The LED will show Steady GREEN. 
 
• 
While the fan is running in Battery Mode as in STEP 1:  The BMS will automatically switch 
the power to AC and conserve battery power.   
 
NOTE: If the power cord is disconnected while the fan is running on AC, the BMS will automatically 
switch back to Battery Power and fan continues to run until the battery is discharged and fan 
stops.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 7

7 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
Operating Environment 
 
The BH-20 has an ingress rating of IP-66 (No ingress of dust, complete protection against 
contact. Water projected in powerful jets against the enclosure from any direction shall have no 
harmful effects.)  Ensure electrical extension cords are not operating in standing water. 
 
The surface temperature will generally get 40ºF (4.5ºC) higher than the ambient temperature.  
The BH-20 should operate “normally” in ambient temperatures ranging from -40º F (-40º C) to 
110º F (43º C).  The internal temperature will operate at 150º F (65ºC).   
 
The following is a quick reference chart of Operating Modes, LED Status, and Performance Specs 
 
 
OPERATING MODES 
BATTERY 
While Fan is OFF 
While AC Unplugged 
Power Knob ON to 
Variable 
AC  
While Fan is OFF 
Plug in AC Outlet 
Power Knob ON to 
Variable 
AUTO SWITCH While Fan is ON 
Plug in or Unplug AC 
Power Knob ON to 
Variable 
CHARGING 
While Fan is OFF 
Plug in AC Outlet 
Power Knob OFF 
 
LED STATUS 
No LED 
Battery is charged, no 
maintenance needed. (or Nothing 
Works) 
Power Knob OFF 
AC/BATT 
Steady GREEN 
AC or Battery Power is available 
Power Knob ON 
AC/BATT 
Slow Blinking GREEN Pre-charge, Final Charge, Battery 
Maintenance. 
Power Knob OFF 
AC 
Fast Blinking GREEN 
Fast Charge 
Power Knob OFF 
AC 
Blinking RED 
Battery Low, Cell Low – Needs 
Recharge 
Power Knob 
ON/OFF 
BATT 
Steady RED 
No Battery, Bad Cell, Bad BMS 
Power Knob OFF 
AC/BATT 
 
Blinking GREEN/RED 
BMS attempting to recover weak 
cells prior to Pre-charge 
Power Knob 
OFF 
AC 
 
 
PERFORMANCE 
PPV MODE 
4000 RPM Max 
Setting 
11,000 CFM 30 Min. on Battery Unlimited on 
AC 
VENTILATION 
MODE 
2000 RPM Low 
Setting 
6,000 CFM 
180 Min. on Battery Unlimited 
on AC
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 8

8 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS 
 
The BH-20 is a Portable Fully Integrated AC/DC Electric High Speed PPV/Ventilation/Industrial 
Fan System. 
 
LIFEPO4 BATTERY TECHNOLOGY 
 
38.4V 10Ah LiFePO4 Battery, up to 2000 recharge cycles. It is safe from over charging, over 
discharging, puncture, or high operating temperature 150º F (65º C).  Iron phosphate is safer than 
other lithium chemistries like Cobalt oxides, Nickel/Cobalt Oxides and Manganese Oxides.   No 
memory effect like NiCad or NiMH (metal hydride).  Exceptionally low self-discharge rate. 
 
AC POWER 
 
The Dual-Power BH-20 also runs on standard 110 - 240VAC outlet powering the 1000W 48VDC-
20A AC-DC Switching Power Supply with integrated safety features. 
 
Turning the fan on immediately to maximum power consumes no more than 7A from 110VAC 
outlet.  During testing, three fans were turned on maximum power while plugged into one 110VAC-
15A circuit with no power surge or additional issues. 
 
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) 
 
The proprietary BMS automatically protects batteries from over charging and over discharging.  
Onboard the BMS is an integrated charging circuit which eliminates the need for external battery 
charger.  This will automatically charge the battery when the fan is plugged in and in the OFF 
position.   
 
Another BMS feature is the Automatic Power Switch.  This switches over to AC power operation 
to conserve battery power when AC is available.  Automatically switches over to battery operation 
when AC power is interrupted.  The BMS also does maintenance on the battery while the fan is 
in the “off” position and plugged in once charging is completed. 
 
 
FAST CHARGING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT 
 
• 
No external charger to buy 
• 
Recharges to 80% in just 90 Minutes 
• 
No memory developed from early recharging 
• 
BMS manages Trickle Charge with no negative impact 
 
ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER (ESC)  
 
The Integrated ESC maintains constant high speed of the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor to provide consistent 
air flow and pressure.  The Software is programmable and upgradeable motor control and protection 
proprietary firmware. 
 
NEODYMIUM MAGNET BLDC MOTOR 
 
The fan motor is a highly compact and robust 2000W 2.7hp, as used in aerospace and unmanned 
reconnaissance aerial vehicles (UAV).
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 9

9 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
 
ADVANCED PROPELLER DESIGN 
 
Super lightweight, 20 inch two-bladed wood propeller designed for highest efficiency. This narrow propeller 
is designed to match the very high rotation speed of the BLDC motor and provide an exceptionally higher 
pressure air flow than conventional fat and slow propellers. 
 
HIGH CAPACITY 
 
10,200 CFM, Tested per AMCA standards.  Higher dynamic pressure outperforms 15,000 cfm rated 
competition fan in independent tests. 
 
VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL 
 
Matching propeller design to motor design allows the fan to operate at high 4,000 RPM PPV Mode and low 
2000 RPM in Ventilation mode. 
 
The variable control will allow the fan to operate at the optimum range between 2,000 rpm – 4,000 rpm. 
 
 
RUN TIME PERFORMANCE 
 
30 - 38 Minutes Battery Run Time on PPV (high) Speed. 
180 Minutes Battery Run Time on Ventilation (low) Speed.  
 
Unlimited Run time at any speed when operating on 110-240VAC-48VDC Switching Power 
Supply 1000W.   
 
LIGHT WEIGHT AND COMPACT IN SIZE 
 
Total system weight including Integrated Battery and Charging Circuit, 59lbs. 
 
MULTI-PURPOSE FAN 
 
• 
Fire and Rescue PPV Fan 
• 
Smoke and Hazardous Chemical Ventilation 
• 
Confined Space Air Source 
• 
Firefighter heat stress rehabilitation 
• 
Athletics Ventilation 
• 
Commercial and Industrial process and product cooling 
• 
Space Cooling and Air Circulation for Factories and Farms 
• 
Cinematic Special Effects 
• 
Fan Banks and Fan Matrix can be used for dust control 
• 
Commercial Aircraft Brake Cooling 
 
 
ATTACHMENTS 
 
The center of the fan grill is a metallic hub to which attachments may be connected including the 
popular multipurpose Misting Ring.  See your distributor for details.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 10

10 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
SPECS 
 
SIZE:   
24” x 24” x 10”  
WEIGHT:  
59 lbs. (47 lbs. without Battery Pack) 
RUN TIME:  
30 - 180 minutes  
BATTERY LIFE:  
up to 2000 cycles 
CHARGING TIME:  
0%-80% 90 minutes; 3 hours fully charged 
 
 
VALUE ADDED 
 
Modern Design for Portable Power Equipment. Advanced Battery, Electronics, Motor, and 
Propeller Technologies. 
 
Light weight, only 59 lbs for heavy-duty fan with battery. 
 
Ergo-Fold design to reduce fatigue and injury. 
 
Compact Collapsible design to be carried with shoulder harness.  One person deployment, one 
hand operation.  
 
Smart and rugged design allows two fans to occupy same space as 1 traditional fan would.  Fits 
in small tool compartments. 
 
IP-66 rating for ingress protection of dust and water. 
 
Portable for easy storage and transport at running pace, up and down stairs, in narrow hall ways. 
 
No Gasoline – Emission-free. 
 
Brushless motor do does not produce sparks and is highly efficient at high speed.  Compact and 
streamlined behind the propeller.  The motor does not block the air intake like gas engines or AC 
motors. 
 
LiFePO4 battery technology providing superb power, long life-expectancy, quick recharge rate, 
exceptionally low self-discharge rate. 
 
No power surge.  Works with AC outlets from buildings or generators on trucks.  Unlimited AC 
operation hours.  Common 110/240VAC outlet.   
 
No external battery charger to buy or maintain. Power Base provides stabilizing counter weight 
while protecting battery, power supply, and integrated electronics.   
 
Low Charge Time: Expected charge times are 0% - 80% capacity fast charge (fast blink) 
completed in 1 ½ hours.  Slow charge (Slow blink) can take up to 1 ½ hours longer, 80% - 100% 
capacity.  Total charge time 2 ½ - 3 hours. 
 
Integrated Self-monitoring Battery: Automatically performs battery maintenance after charging is 
complete, if needed.  Fan must be plugged in for auto-maintenance to occur.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 11

11 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
VALUE ADDED (continued) 
 
AC-DC POWER:  Automatic Power Switching.  Use common household 110-240VAC outlets. 
 
FASTER RESPONSE TIME:  Significant reduction in time taken to deploy PPV.  Advantage 
Operational Response Factor. 
 
 
TROUBLESHOOTING 
 
Do not forcefully over-turn the POWER KNOB too far to the right or left because this will damage 
the potentiometer and will result in the fan not starting or stopping.  The control potentiometer is 
a robust industrial equipment component, but it is not indestructible.    
 
When turning ON the fan, make sure the Power Knob “clicks” ON and is turned pass the dead-
band to start the fan.   
 
When turning OFF the fan, make sure the Power Knob “clicks” OFF to the left after the fan stops 
and the steady GREEN LED is off.   
 
Do not attempt to repair, replace, or modify motor, propeller, any battery components, any 
electrical components or any electronic circuit board.  Doing so will void the warranty, and possibly 
result in property damage and personal injury or death. 
 
The following is a guide chart to troubleshoot the operation of the unit only and is not intended for 
performing repairs to the fan: 
 
SYMPTOM 
CAUSE OF PROBLEM 
ACTION 
Blinking RED LED.  No 
start 
Battery is discharged and no AC 
Run on AC, or recharge 
battery 
Steady RED LED.  No 
start 
Bad battery or BMS 
Send out for Service 
Steady GREEN LED. No 
start 
Knob is ON but in the dead-band 
Turn clockwise slowly until 
it starts 
No LED No start 
Dead battery or bad BMS, ESC 
Send out for Service 
Rattling Noise 
Loose fastener/nuts and bolts 
Inspect fasteners and 
tighten 
Scraping Noise 
Fan Blade touching shroud 
Send out for Service 
Smoke or smell  
Over heat, bad electronics 
Send out for Service
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 12

12 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
SERVICE INFORMATION 
 
For Technical Support, Service Arrangement and Warranty Issues, please contact the following: 
 
Blowhard 
1906 Rye Street SE 
Albany, Oregon 97322-7069 
 
541-967-0063 
 
support@blowhardfans.com 
 
Please prepare to provide the following information. 
 
Your Name 
Fan Serial Number 
Name of Distributor/Reseller 
Date of Purchase 
Your contact information 
Company/Department information 
 
 
 
BlowHard Fans guarantees you the best Technical Support, Upgrades, Warranty Service, and 
Out-of-Warranty repair. 
 
We want to know how your fan does.  You email address will allow us to send you update 
information in a timely fashion. 
 
The BH-20 is manufactured in Albany, Oregon by BlowHard Fans.
bh-20-ops-manual-e-copy-v2.4.pdf — page 13

13 
 
 
BH-20 Operations Manual v2.4 
 
Recharging Log 
 
Date 
Time On 
Time Off 
Signed by 
 
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La DGA renforce les capacités en drones tactiques aériens embarqués de la marine nationale _ Ministère des Armées et des Anciens combattants.pdf — page 1

La DGA renforce les capacités en drones
tactiques aériens embarqués de la marine
nationale
Direction : DGA / Publié le : 21 janvier 2026
La Direction générale de l’armement (DGA) a signé deux contrats majeurs avec Naval
Group et Airbus Helicopters dans le cadre du programme "Système de drones aériens
de la marine" (SDAM) qui vise à équiper la marine nationale de drones tactiques
aériens embarqués.
Drones Camcopter et VSR100
Voir le fil d'ariane
La DGA renforce les capacités en drones tactiques aérien...
https://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/actualites/dga-renforce-c...
1 of 5
2/4/26, 15:04
La DGA renforce les capacités en drones tactiques aériens embarqués de la marine nationale _ Ministère des Armées et des Anciens combattants.pdf — page 2

• Le premier contrat a été signé le 29 décembre 2025 avec Naval Group et concerne
l’acquisition et l'intégration sur frégates d'une capacité de reconnaissance navale
dronisée légère avec les drones Camcopter S-100 F. 
Le premier contrat vise à acquérir une capacité légère de drones à décollage
vertical, basée sur le drone Camcopter S-100F produit par la société Schiebel et déjà
en service sur les Porte-hélicoptères amphibie (PHA) français. Le système S-100
permet d’étendre la capacité de surveillance des navires au-delà de l’horizon et de
réaliser des missions opérationnelles avec une capacité de vol de l’ordre de six
heures et une charge utile maximum de 50 kg. Le contrat prévoit la fourniture par
Naval Group de cinq systèmes de drones aériens Camcopter S-100 F ainsi que les
solutions pour leur intégration physique et fonctionnelle sur les frégates multi-
missions de la marine nationale. Les drones seront équipés d’un capteur optique
champ large et d’une boule optronique gyrostabilisée. Le début des livraisons est
prévu dès 2026. 
• Le deuxième contrat a été signé le 30 décembre 2025 avec Naval Group et
Airbus Helicopters et concerne l’acquisition de six drones aériens VSR700. 
Le VSR700 est un système de drone à voilure tournante multi-missions et de longue
endurance développé par Airbus Helicopters avec le concours du ministère des
Armées et des Anciens combattants. Le vecteur aérien est dérivé et adapté de
l’hélicoptère léger certifié Cabri G2 construit par la PME française Hélicoptères
Guimbal. Il a une endurance de 8 heures et embarque jusqu'à 220 kg de charge
utile. Il sera équipé à ce titre d’un radar de patrouille maritime français de la société
Diades et d’une boule optronique gyrostabilisée.
Ce marché s’inscrit dans l’accord-cadre signé lors du Salon international de
l’aéronautique et de l’espace de Paris 2025 au Bourget. Ces aéronefs seront
progressivement intégrés sur les bâtiments ravitailleurs de forces et
accompagneront ainsi le groupe aéronaval, formé autour du porte-avions Charles de
Gaulle. 
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La DGA commande le système de franchissement Syfrall
La Direction générale de l’armement (DGA) a commandé, le 30 décembre 2025, le
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La DGA livre à l’armée de terre les 1 000 premiers drones du
combattant à coût maîtrisé
La DGA livre les 1 000 premiers drones à coût maîtrisé du combattant qu'elle avait
commandé le 30 juin dern...
30 janvier 2026
Tirs au but pour le système d’arme naval de 40 mm
La DGA et le groupement momentané d’entreprises (GME) Thales Las & KNDS ont validé
le 12 janvier 2026 une n...
21 janvier 2026
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Wildfire _ « Nos navires sont prêts à contrer la menace des drones » _ Ministère des Armées et des Anciens combattants.pdf — page 1

Wildfire : « Nos navires sont prêts à
contrer la menace des drones »
Direction : Ministère des Armées / Publié le : 05 novembre 2024
Les attaques en mer Rouge ont démontré l’importance de la menace des drones. Pour
répondre à ce défi, la Marine nationale s’entraîne sans relâche. L’exercice Wildfire
s’est ainsi tenu du 23 au 26 septembre dernier. Le capitaine de frégate Patrick,
directeur de l’exercice et officier entraînement avancé de la Force d’action navale,
explique les enjeux d’un tel entraînement.
La frégate de défense aérienne (FDA) Forbin - © CEPA 10S/Marine Nationale/Défense
Combien de navires et d'hommes ont participé à l’exercice Wildfire 2024 ?
Voir le fil d'ariane
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Wildfire _ « Nos navires sont prêts à contrer la menace des drones » _ Ministère des Armées et des Anciens combattants.pdf — page 2

Capitaine de frégate Patrick. L'exercice 2024 s'est déroulé en mer Méditerranée, dans
les approches de l'Île du Levant et au sud de Toulon. Quatre frégates ont participé,
accompagnées d’un engin de débarquement amphibie rapide (EDAR) de la flottille
amphibie et d’un Jaguar du 1  régiment étranger de cavalerie. Trois hélicoptères, un
avion de patrouille maritime Atlantique 2, deux Rafale Marine ont également été
déployés. Au total, entre 750 et 800 personnes ont contribué à Wildfire.
À quels types de menaces les équipes ont-elles été confrontées lors de cet exercice ?
Wildfire se concentre sur la menace drone. Elle peut être aérienne : dans ce domaine
toute une gamme de drones existe, des plus lents aux plus rapides, avec des formes
différentes - à hélices, à turbine… Ils peuvent agir seuls ou bien en essaim, comme des
abeilles, en partant de la côte ou d’un autre bateau. À ceux-là s’ajoutent les drones de
surface ainsi que les drones sous-marins. En tout, 35 drones aériens, 12 drones de
surface et plusieurs drones sous-marins ont été mobilisés, sans oublier toutes les
munitions qui vont avec.
D’autres menaces que celles déjà existantes ont-elles été développées ?
Pour les trois types de drones, nous avons étudié ce qui existait déjà, en concevant
des drones les plus réalistes possible par rapport à ce que nous connaissons, mais pas
uniquement. Nous avons construit des engins qu’il sera possible de rencontrer dans
les années, voire les mois à venir.
Ce travail de prospection correspond environ à huit mois pour Wildfire 2024. En ce
moment, nous travaillons déjà sur une édition en Bretagne au printemps et sur le
Wildfire 2025 qui aura lieu en septembre 2025.
Quels sont les moyens des bâtiments de la Marine nationale pour réagir face à une
attaque de drones ?
Toutes les capacités du bateau sont utilisées, à la fois techniques mais aussi humaines.
er
« Notre objectif : toujours analyser le coup d’après afin d’être
prêts pour la prochaine mission. »
Capitaine de frégate Patrick
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Wildfire _ « Nos navires sont prêts à contrer la menace des drones » _ Ministère des Armées et des Anciens combattants.pdf — page 3

Premièrement, il y a la détection : c’est être capable de repérer la menace, de la
classifier. Est-ce un drone ? Son comportement est-il agressif ? Une fois l’identification
terminée, il faut ensuite remplir notre mission, c’est-à-dire protéger les bateaux, les
unités militaires et empêcher la menace de nuire. Pour cela, nous avons toute une
gamme de moyens, allant de la guerre électronique, à l’artillerie, jusqu’aux missiles
ASTER.
Ces systèmes d'autodéfense sont-ils adaptés pour contrer ces menaces ?
Notre vocation : adapter en permanence nos systèmes. Nos compétiteurs cherchent
toujours à les dépasser ou les contourner. Pour contrer ces derniers, nous nous
insérons dans une dynamique réactive pour toujours avoir le coup d’avance. C’est
pour cela que nous réfléchissons toujours aux menaces de demain en plus de celles
d’aujourd’hui.
De nouveaux moyens ont-ils été testés ?
Oui, des industriels ont embarqué avec nous. L'idée c'est bien d'être dans une
dynamique gagnant-gagnant où les industriels réussissent à développer des matériels
plus adaptés car ils sont immergés dans le besoin opérationnel. Et nos unités
bénéficient de ces incréments de manière immédiate. La preuve : la frégate
multimission à capacité de défense aérienne renforcée Lorraine a été déployée trois
jours après l'exercice avec de nouveaux équipements tout juste sortis des laboratoires
des ingénieurs et testés pendant l’exercice.
Quel bilan tirez-vous de cette édition 2024 ?
Je répondrai par un exemple concret : une frégate déployée a récemment détruit des
menaces qui se sont avérées être du même ordre que celles qu'elle avait rencontré
dans l'exercice réalisé juste auparavant. C’était la première fois que nous avions à faire
à ce type de menaces et l’équipage a su répondre immédiatement. Grâce à cet
exercice, nos équipages sont prêts à faire face à ces nouvelles menaces.
Construire la Marine de demain
À l’occasion du salon Euronaval, le ministère des Armées et des
Anciens combattants vous propose une série d’articles pour découvrir
le renouvellement des matériels de la Marine nationale pour qu’elle
puisse faire face à la dégradation du contexte stratégique et au retour
du combat en mer.
Wildﬁre : « Nos navires sont prêts à contrer la menace des...
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Espace : pourquoi la France veut accélérer sa défense
orbitale ?
En février prochain, sur la base aérienne 101 de Toulouse, plusieurs centaines de
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[Décryptage] : l’innovation, un enjeu majeur de défense et de
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EXPO-SEDE_ET_2007_381405_EN.pdf — page 2

This briefing paper was requested by the European Parliament's Subcommittee on Security and Defence. 
This briefing paper is published in English. 
 
Author:  
Siemon Wezeman, Leader of the Arms Transfers Project at SIPRI 
(Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) 
 
 
 
 
Briefing paper carried out within the framework agreement 
between ISIS Europe and the European Parliament  
 
 
 
 
EP/EXPO/B/SEDE/FWC/2006-10/Lot4/05 
 
 
 
Responsible Official: 
Dr Gerrard Quille 
Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union 
Policy Department 
BD4 06M081 
rue Wiertz 
B-1047 Brussels 
E-mail: 
gerrard.quille@europarl.europa.eu 
Publisher: 
European Parliament 
Manuscript completed on 2 October 2007. 
The briefing paper is available on the Internet at 
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/expert/eStudies.do?languageEN 
If you are unable to download the information you require, please request a paper copy  
by e-mail : xp-poldep@europarl.europa.eu 
Brussels: European Parliament, 2007. 
Any opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily 
represent the official position of the European Parliament. 
© European Communities, 2007. 
Reproduction and translation, except for commercial purposes, are authorised, provided the source is 
acknowledged and provided the publisher is given prior notice and supplied with a copy of the 
publication. 
EP/EXPO/B/SEDE/FWC/2006-10/Lot4/05 
October 2007 
PE 381.405 
 
EN
EXPO-SEDE_ET_2007_381405_EN.pdf — page 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 
 
1. Introduction 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
 
 
2. UAVs AND UCAVs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
 
2.1 Role of UAVs and UCAVs 
 
 
 
 
 
1 
2.2 UAV/UCAV Types 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 
2.3 UCAV 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 
 
2.4 Risks of using UAVs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4 
 
 
3. History of European UAVs 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5 
 
 
4. Current UAV/UCAV developments in the EU 
 
 
 
6 
 
4.1 UAV acquisition and requirements 
 
 
 
 
6 
4.2 European UAV research and development 
 
 
 
8 
4.3 European UCAV research and development 
 
 
 
9 
 
 
5. The role of the EU on the global UAV/UCAV market 
 
 
10 
 
 
Figure 1: Global exports of UAV 1997-2006 
 
 
 
11 
 
5.1 Risks of UAV export 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 
 
 
6. Conclusion 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 
 
 
Appendix I: Types of UAVs  
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 
Appendix II: The main components of UAV systems 
 
 
 
17 
Appendix III: Tables 
 
Table 1: UAV/UCAV in service or planned by EU members 
 
18 
Table 2: UAV/UCAV produced or in development in EU countries  
21 
Table 3: UAV/UCAV exports by EU members 
 
 
 
23 
 
Table 4: Operational use of UAV by EU members  
 
 
24 
 
 
 
 
ii
EXPO-SEDE_ET_2007_381405_EN.pdf — page 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
 
 
UAVs have been around since the 1960s. However, since the mid-1980s a number of major 
technical developments have made UAVs much more effective. As a result they have 
proliferated tremendously. 
 
Several EU countries have used UAVs for decades, although their operational use in combat 
situations is limited. The EU has a small industrial capability to develop and produce most types 
of advanced UAV systems, including actual UAV aircraft, its components, the control system 
and the sensors. The only fields where the EU industry is not strongly engaged are micro UAVs 
and large, very long-range UAVs (HALE). 
 
EU members have been unsuccessful in exporting UAVs to non-EU members. Most UAVs in 
service globally are US or Israeli products. The demand for UAVs is increasing, both in the EU 
and globally. Much of the current EU demand is met by either by US UAV systems or by hybrid 
Israeli-EU systems. With US systems, generally the complete UAV system is acquired. In the 
case of the Israeli-EU systems, the UAV aircraft is acquired or licensed produced from Israel 
and fitted with European sensors. 
 
Globally UCAVs are currently limited to small numbers of lightly armed versions of ‘normal’ 
UAVs. None of these is at this moment in service in the EU. Development of UCAV technology 
demonstrators is ongoing in the EU.  
 
If EU members take part in ESDP missions it is not difficult to find enough UAVs for the 
mission. But the more important question would be whether the UAVs would be able to provide 
data quickly to the different national contingents that would comprise an ESDP mission. 
 
While Europe has adopted policies for out-of-area missions, it is still unclear how far these 
missions go beyond peacekeeping and limited peace-enforcing under UN mandates. While the 
use of UAV in such operations is demonstrated, it leaves the usefulness of UCAVs in some 
doubt. 
 
The availability of long-range unmanned strike systems such as UCAVs may lead to a lowering 
of the threshold for offensive operations that go beyond currently agreed EU policies. However, 
as demonstrated in Iraq, Afghanistan and Kosovo, an easy victory on the battlefield achieved 
with high-tech weaponry, does not solve the problem nor limits the necessity of large 
deployments of vulnerable ground troops. 
 
Since UAVs are generally rather simple systems, needing limited investments, there is room for 
several producers in the EU.  
 
UCAVs are exponentially more expensive and will, like other large systems such as combat 
aircraft and air-defence missiles, need significant investments. Cooperating on production within 
the EU seems unavoidable. However, current efforts within the EU are focused on the 
development of working concepts. While greater coordination may seem useful, it could be that 
having several independent projects is actually productive too by providing several initiatives 
for devising an effective and credible working concept. 
 
 
iii
EXPO-SEDE_ET_2007_381405_EN.pdf — page 5

UAVs and UCAVs: Developments in the European Union 
 
 
1. Introduction 
 
The purpose of this study is to provide a short overview of current developments in EU member 
states in relation to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles 
(UCAVs). Although UAVs have been deployed by several armed forces since the 1960s, they 
have experienced a renaissance in the past 20 years. Interest in their acquisition has greatly 
increased at the same time as the relevant technology has developed. Today UAVs are seen as 
an integral and indispensable part of modern armed forces.  
 
Most EU members have acquired UAVs or plan to do so soon. Several of them have used UAVs 
in combat operations since the end of the Cold War, finding them especially useful in missions 
against guerrilla forces and terrorists. In other words, just the type of adversaries European 
forces are likely to encounter in the future when engaged in armed peacekeeping and limited 
peace-enforcement missions. 
 
More recently, UAVs have evolved from a reconnaissance system (a combat-supporting system) 
to UCAVs, an actual combat system. The US has already used lightly-armed UAVs as UCAVs 
in combat and several countries, including EU member states, are developing similar systems. 
While UAV technology is mature, the development of real high-performance unmanned combat 
aircraft – UCAVs – is a new and much more ambitious process. EU member states have already 
taken their first steps in this process. 
 
 
2. UAVs AND UCAVs 
 
A UAV is an aircraft with no onboard pilot. Instead, it is remotely-controlled or can fly 
autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic ‘self-thinking’ 
systems. While to some extent such unmanned aircraft resemble cruise missiles1, they differ in 
that they return to base for further use once they have fulfilled their mission. 
 
2.1 Role of UAVs and UCAVs 
 
The most common roles for UAVs involve combat support. These roles include: 
• reconnaissance;  
• radar, optical and/or electro-optical sensors;  
• intelligence gathering;  
• maritime patrol;  
• search and rescue (SAR) support;  
• survey and mapping;  
• non-deadly combat role;  
• electronic countermeasures and electronic warfare (mainly the suppression of enemy air 
defences – SEAD);  
• decoy;  
• fire control/target designation (with laser designator);  
                                                 
1 Cruise missiles, like aircraft (and UAVs), derive their power to stay airborne from lift generated by their wings 
and/or their body.  
 
1