တူရကီနိုင်ငံ၏ ဘုရင်များ စာရင်း

အော်တိုမန် အင်ပါယာစံ left|နွယ်ပင် ၁၆၈၃ ခုနှစ်တွင် အော်တိုမန်အင်ပါယာသည် ဥရောပတွင် ၎င်း၏ နယ်မြေချဲ့ထွင်မှု မြင့်မားလာခဲ့သည်။ အော့တမန် အင်ပိုင်ယာ (၁၂၉၉ - ၁၉၂၂) အော်တိုမန်အင်ပါယာ (Ottoman Empire) သည် တူရကီတို့ ထူထောင်ခဲ့သော အင်ပါယာ ၁၆ ခုတွင် တစ်ခု အပါအဝင်ဖြစ်ပြီး ၁၂၉၉ ခုနှစ် ဇူလိုင်လ ၂၇ ရက်မှ ၁၉၂၃ ခုနှစ် အောက်တိုဘာလ ၂၉ ရက် အထိ သက်တမ်းကြာမြင့်ခဲ့သည်။ အော်တိုမန် အင်ပါယာသည် သမိုင်းကြောင်းတွင် အကြီးဆုံးနှင့် အကြာမြင့်ဆုံးသော အင်ပါယာများတွင် တစ်ခု အပါအဝင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ထိုအင်ပါယာသည် အစ္စလာမ် ဘာသာဝင်နှင့် အစ္စလာမ် ဘာသာရေး အဖွဲ့အစည်းတို့မှ ထူထောင် ထိန်းသိမ်းခဲ့ခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်။ No.SultanPortraitReignTughraNotesCoinageRise of the Ottoman Empire(1299 – 1453)1ဥတ်စမန်း၊ ပထမ158x158px 1299 – c. 1324(25 years~) Son of Ertuğrul Bey and an unknown woman. Reigned until his death.180x180px2ဩရ်ဟန်157x157pxc. 1324 – March 1362(38 years~)100x100px|Tughra of Orhan Son of Osman I and Malhun Hatun (unclear). Reigned until his death.180x180px3မူရတ်၊ ပထမ159x159pxMarch 1362 – 15 June 1389(27 years, 3 months)100x100px|Tughra of Murad I Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun. Reigned until his death. Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15, 1389.180x180px4ဘားယေဇစ်ဒ်၊ ပထမ122x122px15 June 1389 – 20 July 1402(13 years, 35 days)100x100px|Tughra of Bayezid I Son of Murad I and Gülçiçek Hatun. Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara against Timur. Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403.180x180pxOttoman Interregnum(20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413)—အီစား ကျေလေးဘီ İsa Çelebi129x129pxJanuary – March/May 1403(3–5 months) Co-sultan of Anatolia After the Battle of Ankara, İsa Çelebi defeated Musa Çelebi and took the western Anatolian territories for approximately two years. Defeated by Mehmed Çelebi in the Battle of Ulubad in March or May 1403. Strangled in September 1403. —စူလေးမန် ကျေလေးဘီ Süleyman Çelebi118x118px20 July 1402 –17 February 1411(8 years, 212 days)100x100px Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire, a short period after the Ottoman defeat at Ankara. Murdered on 17 February 1411.180x180px—မူစာ ကျေလေးဘီ Musa Çelebi130x130px18 February 1411 –5 July 1413(2 years, 137 days) Acquired the title of The Sultan of Rumelia for the European portion of the empire on 18 February 1411, just after the death of Süleyman Çelebi. Killed on 5 July 1413 by Mehmed Çelebi's forces in the battle of Çamurlu Derbent near Samokov in Bulgaria.180x180px—မေဟ်မတ်‌ဒ် ကျေလေးဘီ Mehmed Çelebi174x174px1403 – 5 July 1413(10 years) Acquired the control of Eastern Anatolia as co-Sultan after the Battle of Ankara. Defeated İsa Çelebi in the battle of Ulubat in 1405. Became the sole ruler of Anatolia upon İsa's death in 1406. Acquired the title of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I Khan upon Musa's death.180x180pxSultanate resumed5Mehmed I174x174px5 July 1413 – 26 May 1421(7 years, 325 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mehmed I Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun. Reigned until his death. —Mustafa Çelebi January 1419 – May 1422(3 years, 4 months) Sultan of Rumelia Son of Bayezid I Executed by Murad II180x180px6Murad II130x130px25 June 1421 –August 1444(23 years, 2 months)100x100px|Tughra of Murad II Son of Mehmed I and Emine Hatun. Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II.80x80px80x80px7Mehmed II135x135pxAugust 1444 –September 1446(2 years, 1 month)100x100px|Tughra of Mehmed II First reign Son of Murad II and Hüma Hatun. Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power, along with rising threats from Janissaries.180x180px(6)Murad II130x130pxSeptember 1446 –3 February 1451(4 years, 5 months)100x100px|Tughra of Murad II Second reign Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary insurgence. Reigned until his death. Growth of the Ottoman Empire(1453–1550)(7)Mehmed II135x135px3 February 1451 –3 May 1481(30 years, 89 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mehmed II Second reign Conquered Constantinople in 1453. Reigned until his death.180x180px8Bayezid II147x147px19 May 1481 –25 April 1512(30 years, 342 days)100x100px|Tughra of Bayezid II Son of Mehmed II and Gülbahar Hatun. Abdicated. Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512.180x180px—Cem Sultan142x142px28 May – 20 June 1481(23 days)100x100px|Tughra of Cem Son of Mehmed II Acquired the title Cem bin Mehmed Han. Died in exile180x180px9Selim I166x166px25 April 1512 –21 September 1520(8 years, 149 days)100x100px|Tughra of Selim I Conquered Mamluks in 1516–1517. First Ottoman Caliph. Son of Bayezid II and Gülbahar Hatun. Reigned until his death.180x180px10Suleiman I117x117px30 September 1520 –6 September 1566(45 years, 341 days)100x100px|Tughra of Suleiman I Son of Selim I and Hafsa Sultan. Died of natural causes in his tent during the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566.180x180pxTransformation of the Ottoman Empire(1550–1700)11Selim II145x145px29 September 1566 –15 December 1574(8 years, 77 days)100x100px|Tughra of Selim II Son of Suleiman I and Hürrem Sultan. Reigned until his death.80x80px80x80px12Murad III124x124px27 December 1574 –16 January 1595(20 years, 20 days)100x100px|Tughra of Murad III Son of Selim II and Nurbanu Sultan. Reigned until his death.180x180px13Mehmed III124x124px16 January 1595 –22 December 1603(8 years, 340 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mehmed III Son of Murad III and Safiye Sultan. Reigned until his death180x180px14Ahmed I148x148px22 December 1603 –22 November 1617(13 years, 335 days)100x100px|Tughra of Ahmed I Son of Mehmed III and Handan Sultan. Reigned until his death.180x180px15Mustafa I172x172px22 November 1617 –26 February 1618(96 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mustafa I Son of Mehmed III and Halime Sultan. Deposed due to his mental instability in favour of his young nephew Osman II. 16Osman II169x169px26 February 1618 –19 May 1622(4 years, 82 days)100x100px|Tughra of Osman II Son of Ahmed I and Mahfiruz Hatun. Deposed in a Janissary riot on 19 May 1622. Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the Grand Vizier Kara Davud Pasha.180x180px(15)Mustafa I172x172px20 May 1622 –10 September 1623(1 year, 113 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mustafa I Second reign. Returned to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Osman II. Deposed due to his poor mental health and confined until his death in Istanbul on 20 January 1639. 17Murad IV149x149px10 September 1623 –8 February 1640(16 years, 151 days)100x100px|Tughra of Murad IV Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. Ruled under the regency of his mother Kösem Sultan until 1632. Reigned until his death. 18Ibrahim180x180px9 February 1640 –8 August 1648(8 years, 181 days)100x100px|Tughra of Ibrahim Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan. Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the Sheikh ul-Islam. Strangled in Istanbul on 18 August 1648 at the behest of the Grand Vizier Mevlevî Mehmed Paşa (Sofu Mehmed Pasha). 19Mehmed IV169x169px8 August 1648 –8 November 1687(39 years, 92 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mehmed IV Son of Ibrahim and Turhan Sultan. Ruled under the regency of his grandmother Kösem Sultan until 1651. Ruled under the regency of his mother Turhan Sultan from 1651 until 1656. Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the Second Battle of Mohács. Died in Edirne on 6 January 1693.180x180px20Suleiman IIcenter|216x216px8 November 1687 –22 June 1691(3 years, 226 days)100x100px|Tughra of Suleiman II Son of Ibrahim and Dilaşub Sultan. Reigned until his death.180x180px21Ahmed II146x146px22 June 1691 –6 February 1695(3 years, 229 days)100x100px|Tughra of Ahmed II Son of Ibrahim and Muazzez Sultan. Reigned until his death. 22Mustafa II167x167px6 February 1695 –22 August 1703(8 years, 197 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mustafa II Son of Mehmed IV and Gülnuş Sultan. Deposed on 22 August 1703 by a Janissary uprising known as the Edirne Event. Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704.180x180pxStagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire(1700–1827)23Ahmed IIIcenter|124x124px22 August 1703 –1 October 1730(27 years, 40 days)100x100px|Tughra of Ahmed III Son of Mehmed IV and Gülnuş Sultan. Deposed in consequence of the Janissary rebellion led by Patrona Halil. Died on 1 July 1736.180x180px24Mahmud I138x138px2 October 1730 –13 December 1754(24 years, 72 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mahmud I Son of Mustafa II and Saliha Sultan. Reigned until his death.180x180px25Osman III161x161px13 December 1754 –30 October 1757(2 years, 321 days)100x100px|Tughra of Osman III Son of Mustafa II and Şehsuvar Sultan. Reigned until his death.107x107px26Mustafa III149x149px30 October 1757 –21 January 1774(16 years, 83 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mustafa III Son of Ahmed III and Mihrişah Kadın. Reigned until his death.80x80px80x80px27Abdul Hamid I140x140px21 January 1774 –7 April 1789(15 years, 76 days)100x100px|Tughra of Abdul Hamid I Son of Ahmed III and Rabia Şermi Kadın. Reigned until his death.180x180px28Selim III174x174px7 April 1789 –29 May 1807(18 years, 52 days)100x100px|Tughra of Selim III Son of Mustafa III and Mihrişah Sultan. Deposed as a result of the Janissary revolt led by Kabakçı Mustafa against his reforms. Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808 at the behest of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa IV.180x180px29Mustafa IV158x158px29 May 1807 –28 July 1808(1 year, 60 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mustafa IV Son of Abdul Hamid I and Sineperver Sultan. Deposed in an insurrection led by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha. Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808 by order of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II.Modernization of the Ottoman Empire(1827–1908)30Mahmud II133x133px28 July 1808 –1 July 1839(30 years, 338 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mahmud II Son of Abdul Hamid I and Nakşidil Sultan. Disbanded the Janissaries in consequence of the Auspicious Incident in 1826. Reigned until his death.180x180px31Abdul Mejid I127x127px|Abdulmejid portrait1 July 1839 –25 June 1861(21 years, 359 days)100x100px|Tughra of Abdulmejid I Son of Mahmud II and Bezmiâlem Sultan. Proclaimed the Imperial Edict of Gülhane (Tanzimât Fermânı) that launched the Tanzimat period of reforms and reorganization on 3 November 1839 at the behest of reformist Grand vizier Mustafa Reşid Pasha. Accepted the Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict) (Islâhat Fermânı) on 18 February 1856; Reigned until his death.85x85px85x85px32Abdul Aziz129x129px25 June 1861 –30 May 1876(14 years, 340 days)100x100px|Tughra of Abdulaziz Son of Mahmud II and Pertevniyal Sultan. Deposed by his ministers. Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.180x180px33Murad V137x137px30 May – 31 August 1876(93 days)100x100px|Tughra of Murad V Son of Abdulmejid I and Şevkefza Sultan. Deposed due to his ill mental health Ordered to reside in Çırağan Palace where he died on 29 August 1904. 34Abdul Hamid II110x110px31 August 1876 –27 April 1909(32 years, 239 days)100x100px|Tughra of Abdul Hamid II Son of Abdulmejid I and Tirimüjgan Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Rahime Perestu Sultan). Reluctantly allowed the First Constitutional Era on 23 November 1876 and then suspended it on 13 February 1878. Forced to restore the Constitution on 3 July 1908; Deposed after the 31 March Incident. Confined to Beylerbeyi Palace where he died on 10 February 1918.180x180px35Mehmed V Reşâd138x138px27 April 1909 –3 July 1918(9 years, 67 days)80x80px|Tughra of Mehmed V Son of Abdulmejid I and Gülcemal Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Servetseza Kadın). Reigned as a figurehead of Mehmed Talat, İsmail Enver, and Ahmed Cemal Pashas Reigned until his death.180x180px36Mehmed VI Vahideddin133x133px4 July 1918 –1 November 1922(4 years, 120 days)100x100px|Tughra of Mehmed VI Son of Abdulmejid I and Gülistu Kadın (later became the adoptive son of Şayeste Hanım) Sultanate abolished. Left Istanbul on 17 November 1922. Died in exile in Sanremo, Italy on 16 May 1926.180x180pxCaliph under the Grand National Assembly of Turkey(1 November 1922 – 3 March 1924)—Abdul Mejid II135x135px19 November 1922 –3 March 1924(1 year, 106 days)— Son of Abdulaziz and Hayranidil Kadın; Exiled after the abolition of the Caliphate; Died in Paris, France on 23 August 1944.— ကြည့်ပါ။ အော်တိုမန် ထီးနန်းဆက်ခံရေးလိုင်း အော်တိုမန် စူလတန် မိသားစုသစ်ပင် အော်တိုမန်နွယ်ပင် (အသေးစိတ်) တရားဝင်စူလတန်များစာရင်း အော်တိုမန် ဘုရင်ခံများစာရင်း မှတ်စုများ ကျမ်းကိုးစာရင်း ကဏ္ဍ:တူရကီဘာသာစကား ပါဝင်သော ဆောင်းပါးများ