ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုး

ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုး (; ) သည် ဟန်တရုတ် အုပ်စုဝင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ဟတ်ကာတို့သည် တရုတ်ပြည်မကြီး (အင်္ဂလိပ်: Mainland China)၏ အောက်ဖော်ပြပါဒေသတွင် အများစု နေထိုင်ကြသည် - ကွမ်တုန်း ပြည်နယ် - Guangdong (广东) ၊ ဖူကျန့် ပြည်နယ် - Fujian (福建) ၊ ကျန်းစီ ပြည်နယ် - Jiangxi (江西) ၊ ကွမ်စီ ပြည်နယ် Guangxi - (广西) ၊ စစ်ချွမ်း ပြည်နယ် - Sichuan (四川) ၊ ဟူနန် ပြည်နယ် - Hunan (湖南) ၊ ကျဲ့ကျန်း ပြည်နယ် - Zhejiang (浙江) ၊ ကွေ့ကျိုး ပြည်နယ် - Guizhou (贵州) ၊ ဟိုင်နန် ပြည်နယ် - Hainan (海南) ။ သညာအမှတ် ဟတ်ကာ () ဆိုသည်မှာ ဧည့်သည်ဖြစ်သည်။ဟတ်ကာတို့သည် မျက်မှောက်ခေတ်ကာလတွင် ရှေးဘိုးဘွားများထက် အများအပြား တိုးတက်လာခဲ့သည်။ ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုးနှင့် ဟတ်ကာစကားတို့သည် ဟတ်ကာ၏ အမျိုးသားသင်္ကေတ ဖြစ်လာခဲ့သည်။ အထူးအားဖြင့် ဟတ်ကာတို့၏ မူလချက်မြှုပ်နှင့် ဆက်နွယ်နိုင်သည့် မြောက်ပိုင်းဒေသမှာ ဟောနန် ပြည်နယ် - Henan (河南) ဟူပေ ပြည်နယ် - Hubei (湖北) တို့မှ လက်ရှိနေထိုင်လျက်ရှိသောတောင်ပိုင်းဒေသသို့ ရွေ့ပြောင်းခဲ့သည်။ ထို့မှတဖန် ကမ္ဘာ့တဝန်းသို့ ဆက်လက်ရွေ့ပြောင်းသွားကြသည်။ ကမ္ဘာ့တဝန်းလုံး၌ တရုတ်ရွေ့ပြောင်းရပ်ဝန်းအုပ်စုဖြစ်ပေါ်လာခဲ့ရာ ဟတ်ကာရပ်ဝန်းအုပ်စုရှိ လူဦးရေသည် ခန့်မှန်းခြေ (၈၀) သန်း နှင့် (၁၂၀) သန်းကြား ရှိနိုင်သည်။ တရုတ် အလယ်ပိုင်း မှ တောင်ပိုင်း သို့ ဟတ်ကာတို့ ရွှေ့ပြောင်းခဲ့ချိန် ထက်စော၍ ရောက်ရှိနေသော တခြားဟန်တရုတ်အုပ်စုဝင်တို့၏ ရိုးရာဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းနှင့် စကားသည် ဟတ်ကာ၏ ရိုးရာဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းများနှင့် စကားသည် အထူးခြားနားသည်။ ဩဇာသက်ရောက်မှု ၁၉၈၄ ခုနစ် မှစတင်၍ ခေတ်သစ် တရုတ်ပြည်သူသမ္မတနိုင်ငံပုံဖော်လာကြသော အစိုးရအဖွဲ့နှင့် တပ်မတော် တို့ကို ဦးဆောင်နေသူအများအပြားသည် ဟတ်ကာလူမျိုးစုဖြစ်သည်။ ထို့ပြင် ပေါ်လစ်ဗျူရို နှင့် အမြဲတမ်းအဖွဲ့ဝင်များ၏ ထက်ဝက်ကျော်ပါဝင်သည်။ နိုင်ငံရေး Revolutionary, political and military leaders China – Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Hong Xiuquan(Fung Siew Chen) 洪秀全 1812–1864 Huaxian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong Heavenly King (), 1851; Leader, Taiping Rebellion; The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (), 1851–1864, established by Hong had, at one stage, occupied one-third of China, and almost toppled the Qing dynasty :en:Feng Yunshan(Fung Yun San) 馮雲山冯云山 1815–1852 Huaxian, Guangdong Longchuan, Guangdong South King (), 1851; Strategist of the Taiping Rebellion; Administrator of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom during its early years :en:Yang Xiuqing(Yong Siew Tshin) 楊秀清杨秀清 1821–1856 Guiping, Guangxi Meixian, Guangdong East King (), 1851; Commander-in-chief, Taiping Army :en:Shi Dakai(Sak Tat Hoi) 石達開石达开 1831–1863 Guixian, Guangxi Heping, Guangdong Wing King (), 1851; The youngest of the six top leaders of Taiping at the age of 19; Shi's heroics as an outstanding general were later to inspire his fellow Hakka clansman, Zhu De, who founded the Red Army (), later known as the People's Liberation Army () His mother was of Zhuang origin. :en:Li Xiucheng(Lee Siew Sin) 李秀成 1823–1864 Tengxian, Guangxi Fengle, Guangdong Loyal King (), 1858; One of the key leaders at the later stages of the Kingdom Chen Yucheng(Chin Nyuk Sin) 陳玉成陈玉成 1837–1862 Tengxian, Guangxi Wengyuan, Guangdong Heroic King (), 1859; One of the key leaders at the later stages of the Kingdom Hong Rengan(Fung Yin Kon) 洪仁玕 1822–1864 Huaxian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong Shield King (), 1859; Premier of the Kingdom; First person in China to advocate modern-style government and opening-up reforms China – Qing dynasty Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description Lai Enjue (Lai En Cheok) 赖恩爵 1795–1848 Shenzhen Zijin, Guangdong Admiral (), Guangdong Navy, 1843–1848; Commander, Battle of Kowloon, First Opium War, 1839; Just before Lai died due to illness, he told his family clan that his wish was to see the return of Hong Kong to China; Ten days before the return of Hong Kong on 1 July 1997, more than a hundred of the Lai clan descendants from different parts of the world returned to their ancestral home to mark the event Yan Botao 颜伯焘 1792–1855 Lianping, Guangdong Lianping, Guangdong Viceroy (), Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces, 1841–1842; Commander, Battle of Amoy, First Opium War, 1841 Feng Zicai(Fung Tse Choi) 馮子才冯子才 1818–1903 Qinzhou, Guangxi Bobai, Guangxi Commander-in-chief, Provincial Army (), 1862-; Commanding general, Sino-French War, 1884–1885; Feng was instrumental in the defeat of the French at the Battle of Bang Bo which led to the French Retreat from Lạng Sơn and the conclusion of the war Liu Yongfu(Liew Yun Fook) 劉永福刘永福 1837–1917 Qinzhou, Guangxi Bobai, Guangxi Founder and commander of the celebrated Black Flag Army (), 1857–1885; President, Republic of Formosa, 1895 Qiu Fengjia(Hiew Fung Kap) 丘逢甲 1864–1912 Miaoli, Taiwan Jiaoling, Guangdong Commander, Taiwanese militia forces, Japanese invasion of Taiwan, 1895; Revolutionary leader, Xinhai Revolution; Guangdong Representative for the Republic of China Provisional Presidential Election, 1911; Feng Chia University in Taiwan is named in honour of Qiu Liu Guangdi (Liew Kong Tee) 劉光第刘光第 1859–1898 Fushun, Sichuan Wuping, Fujian One of the "Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days' Reform (戊戌六君子) – a group of six intellectuals executed by Empress Dowager Cixi for their attempts to help Guangxu Emperor implement the "Hundred Days' Reform" (戊戌变法) Wen Shengcai (Voon Sang Choi) 溫生才 1869–1911 Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong One of the Four Martyrs of Honghuagang (红花岗四烈士); Wen assassinated the Manchu general, Fu Qi, in 1911; All of the four martyrs of Honghuagang are Hakkas China – Republic of China Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description Sun Yat-sen(Soon Tsung San) 孫中山孙中山 1866–1925 Xiangshan, Guangdong Zijin, Guangdong Founding father of modern China; First President, Provisional Government of the Republic of China, 1912 Yao Yuping 姚雨平 1882–1974 Pingyuan, Guangdong Pingyuan, Guangdong General, 1912-; Commander-in-chief, Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Army (), Xinhai Revolution, 1911–1912; Yao's successive victories against the Qing Army were vital in the successful defence of the Provisional Government in Nanjing and the early abdication of Xuan Tong Emperor Liao Zhongkai(Liao Tshung Koi) 廖仲愷 1877–1925 San Francisco, USA Huiyang, Guangdong Sun Yat-sen's main advisor on financial matters; Liao was one of the three most powerful figures in Kuomintang when Sun died Eugene Chen 陈友仁 1878–1944 San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago Meixian, Guangdong Outstanding Foreign Minister in the 1920s known for his success in promoting Sun Yat-sen's anti-imperialist foreign policies; Chen's father is a former Taiping Huang Shaohong 黃紹竑 1895–1966 Rong County, Guangxi Rong County, Guangxi General; Warlord of the New Guangxi clique which controlled Guangxi and much of Guangdong, Hunan, and Hubei, 1924–1929 Chen Jitang(Chin Tsi Thong) 陳濟棠陈济棠 1890–1954 Fangcheng, Guangxi Bobai, Guangxi General First-class (four-star general), 1935-; Chen was a warlord known as the "Southern Heavenly King" () as he wielded absolute control of the government and army of autonomous Guangdong, 1929–1936 Chen Mingshu 陈铭枢 1889–1965 Bepu, Guangxi Bepu, Guangxi Acting Premier of the Republic of China, 1931–1932; General, 1947-; Commander-in-Chief, 19th Route Army (), Battle of Shanghai, 1931–1932; The 19th Route Army, which started off as a Regiment unit under the command of Chen in the First Division of the Guangdong Army, was one of Nationalist China best fighting forces Deng Yanda 鄧演達邓演达 1895–1931 Huiyang, Guangdong Huiyang, Guangdong Leftist Nationalist politician who, in 1930, founded the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, one of the eight non-communist, legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China today; Deng was a military commander in the elite First Division of the Guangdong Army Sun Ke(Soon Kho) 孫科孙科 1895–1973 Xiangshan, Guangdong Zijin, Guangdong Premier of the Republic of China, 1932, 1948–1949 Xue Yue(Siet Ngok) 薛岳 1896–1998 Lechang, Guangdong Rucheng, Hunan General First-class (four-star general), 1952-; Commander-in-chief, 9th War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1938–1945; Called "Patton of Asia" by the West and the "God of War" () by the Chinese, Xue was China most outstanding general during the war against the Japanese Zhang Fakui(Tshong Fat Khui) 張發奎张发奎 1896–1980 Shixing, Guangdong Shixing, Guangdong General, 1936-; Commander-in-chief, National Revolutionary Army ground forces, 1949; Commander-in-chief, 4th War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1939–1944; As Honorary President of the "Hong Kong Tsung Tsin Association" (), the umbrella body for Hakkas in Hong Kong, Zhang initiated and organized the first World Hakka Congress in 1971 Huang Qixiang 黃琪翔 1898–1970 Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong General, 1946-; Leftist Nationalist; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 5th War Zone (later 6th War Zone), Second Sino-Japanese War, 1938; Led the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, 1931–1938, after Deng Yanda's death; One of the two most outstanding generals (the other being fellow Hakka Ye Ting) during the First Expedition of the Northern Expedition, 1926, and was promoted to Commander, Fourth Army, for the Second Expedition, 1927, at the age of 28 Luo Zhuoying 羅卓英罗卓英 1896–1961 Dabu, Guangdong Dabu, Guangdong General, 1946-; Commander-in-chief, 1st Route Expeditionary Forces, Burma (China first participation of a war overseas), 1942; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 9th War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1941 Huang Baitao 黄百韬 1900–1948 Tianjin Meixian, Guangdong General, 1948; Commander-in-chief, 7th Army Group; Twice recipient of the Order of Blue Sky and White Sun (the highest honour for a military commander); Huang committed suicide rather than surrendering after he was defeated at the Huaihai Campaign, the most decisive battle of the Chinese Civil War, in 1948 Fan Hanjie 范漢傑范汉杰 1896–1976 Dabu, Guangdong Dabu, Guangdong Lieutenant General, 1945-; Deputy Commander-in-chief, National Revolutionary Army ground forces, 1948; Deputy Commander-in-chief, Dongbei (Manchuria) Force, Chinese Civil War, 1948; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 1st War Zone, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1945; Fan was one of the favourite generals of Chiang Kaishek Wu Qiwei 吳奇偉吳奇伟 1890–1953 Dabu, Guangdong Dabu, Guangdong Lieutenant General, 1935-; Governor of Hunan, 1945–1946; Commander-in-chief, Changjiang (Yangtze River) Defence Force, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1942–1944; Deputy Commander-in-chief, 4th War Zone (later 6th War Zone), Second Sino-Japanese War, 1939; Wu defected to the Communists in 1949 Miao Peinan 缪培南 1890–1970 Wuhua, Guangdong Wuhua, Guangdong Lieutenant General, 1936-; Commander-in-chief, 9th Army Group, Second Sino-Japanese War, 1940; Miao represented the Chinese government to accept the Japanese surrender in Guangdong, 1945 Xie Jinyuan(Tsia Tshin Ngian) 謝晉元谢晋元 1905–1941 Jiaoling, Guangdong Jiaoling, Guangdong Major General, 1941; Commander, Defence of Sihang Warehouse, Shanghai, 1937; The heroism of Xie and the defenders of the warehouse which lifted flagging Chinese morale was made into films in 1938 and 1976 named "Eight Hundred Heroes" () Yao Ziqing 姚子青 1909–1937 Pingyuan, Guangdong Pingyuan, Guangdong General; Commander during the Defence of Baoshan, part of the Battle of Shanghai, 1937; The heroism of Yao and the defenders of the Baoshan where all 600 soldiers but one lost their lives to defend the county was made into film named "Defenders" (捍衛者) China – People's Republic Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description Li Lisan 李立三 1899–1967 Liling, Hunan Liling, Hunan Top leader of Chinese Communist Party, 1928–1930 Zhu De 朱德 1886–1976 Yilong, Sichuan Shaoguan, Guangdong Chairman of the National People's Congress (Head of State), People's Republic of China, 1975–1976; Marshal, 1955-; Founder and Commander-in-chief of the Red Army (), later known as the People's Liberation Army () Ye Ting 葉挺叶挺 1896–1946 Huiyang, Guangdong Huiyang, Guangdong Commander-In-chief, New Fourth Army, one of the two main Chinese communist forces fighting the Japanese Imperial Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War (the other main communist force, Eighth Route Army, was commanded by Zhu De) Ye Jianying(Yap Kiam Yin) 葉劍英叶剑英 1897–1986 Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong Chairman of the National People's Congress (Head of State), People's Republic of China, 1978–1983; Marshal, 1955-; Communist China first Governor of Guangdong, 1949–1953; Ye led the overthrow of the Gang of Four, which marked the end of the Cultural Revolution Hu Yaobang(Fu Yau Bong) 胡耀邦 1915–1989 Liuyang, Hunan Ji'an, Jiangxi :en:Chairman of the Communist Party of China, 1981–1982; :en:General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, 1980–1987; Both positions during these periods made Hu the highest-ranked in the Communist Party of China and the second most powerful person in China after Deng Xiaoping; In 1989, the memorial service for his death sparked off a pro-democracy movement which led to the Tiananmen Square protests :en:Liao Chengzhi(Liau Sin Chee) 廖承志 1908–1983 Tokyo, Japan Huiyang, Guangdong Liao died four days after he was nominated to be the Vice-President, People's Republic of China; First Director, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, 1978–1983 :en:Liu Yalou 劉亞樓刘亚楼 1910–1965 Wuping, Fujian Wuping, Fujian General, 1955-; First Commander-in-chief, People's Liberation Army Air Force, 1949–1965 :en:Wang Shoudao 王首道 1906–1996 Liuyang, Hunan Liuyang, Hunan Vice-Chairman, :en:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (), 1978–1983; Governor of Hunan, 1950–1952 :en:Yang Chengwu(Yong Sin Woo) 楊成武杨成武 1904–2004 Changting, Fujian Changting, Fujian Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (), 1983–1988; General, 1955-; Acting Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army, 1965–1968 Xiao Hua 肖华 1916–1985 Xingguo, Jiangxi Xingguo, Jiangxi Youngest General at the age of 39, 1955; Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (), 1983–1985; Chief Political Commissar, People's Liberation Army, 1964–1967 Yang Yong 杨勇 1913–1983 Liuyang, Hunan Liuyang, Hunan Member, :en:Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (), 1982–1983; General, 1955-; Deputy Chief of General Staff, People's Liberation Army, 1959; Governor of Guizhou, 1950–1951 :en:Lai Chuanzhu 赖传珠 1910–1965 Ganxian, Jiangxi Ganxian, Jiangxi General, 1955-; Political Commissar, 15th Army Corps (later 13th Army Corps), Fourth Field Army, 1948–1950; Chief of Staff, New Fourth Army, 1941–1945; The life story of Lai was made into a television drama, "General Diary Complete" (), in 2011 :en:Chen Qihan 陈奇涵 1910–1965 Ganxian, Jiangxi Ganxian, Jiangxi General, 1955-; First President, Military Court, People's Liberation Army, 1954–1957; Commander-in-chief, Jiangxi Military Region, 1949 :en:Li Tianyou 李天佑 1914–1970 Lingui, Guangxi Lingui, Guangxi General, 1955-; Deputy Chief of Staff, People's Liberation Army, 1962–1970; A film, titled "Li Tianyou Jagged Siping" (), about how Li led the Communist first-ever attack and victory of a city, Battle of Siping, 1946, was made in 2009 Ding Sheng 丁盛 1913–1999 Yudu, Jiangxi Yudu, Jiangxi Major General, 1955-; Governor of Guangdong, 1972–1974 :en:Zhang Tingfa 张廷发 1918–2010 Shaxian, Fujian Shaxian, Fujian Major General, 1955-; Commander-in-chief, People's Liberation Army Air Force, 1977–1985 :en:Chen Pixian 陳丕顯陈丕显 1916–1995 Shanghang, Fujian Shanghang, Fujian Member, Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (), 1982–1985; Governor of Hubei, 1978–1980 :en:Ye Xuanping(Yap Sen Phin) 葉選平叶选平 1924- Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (), 1991–2003; Governor of Guangdong, 1985–1991 Xie Fei(Chia Fui) 謝非谢非 1932–1999 Lufeng, Guangdong Lufeng, Guangdong Vice-Chairman, National People's Congress (), 1998–1999 Zhang Zhen 张震 1914–2015 Pingjiang, Hunan Pingyuan, Guangdong General, 1988-; Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, 1992–1997 Liao Hui 廖暉廖晖 1942- Hong Kong Huiyang, Guangdong Vice-Chairman, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (), 2003-; Director, Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, 1997–2010 :en:Huang Huahua(Wong Fah Fah) 黃華華黄华华 1946- Xingning, Guangdong Xingning, Guangdong Governor of Guangdong, 2003–2011; The stepping down of Huang as governor in 2011 marked the end of the dominance of the provincial government by the "Hakka clique" () :en:Wu Changde 吴昌德 1952- Dayu, Jiangxi Dayu, Jiangxi General, 2013-; Deputy Director, People's Liberation Army General Political Department, 2011- Taiwan Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Lee Teng-hui 李登辉 1923-2020 New Taipei, Taiwan Yongding, Fujian :en:President of the Republic of China, 1988–2000; First popularly elected President in Chinese history :en:Tsai Ing-wen(Chai Yin Vun) 蔡英文 1956- Pingtung, Taiwan President of the Republic of China, 2016–; First and only female President in Chinese history; First female without any political lineage to head a government in Asia :en:Li Yuan-tsu 李元簇 1923- Pingjiang, Hunan Pingjiang, Hunan Vice-President of the Republic of China, 1990–1996 :en:Annette Lu 呂秀蓮吕秀莲 1944- Taoyuan, Taiwan Nanjing, Fujian First and only female Vice-President of the Republic of China, 2000–2008 :en:Hsu Fu-lin 徐傅霖 1878–1958 Heping, Guangdong Heping, Guangdong Losing candidate in the Republic of China Presidential Election to Chiang Kai-shek, 1954; Leader, :en:China Democratic Socialist Party, 1946–1958; Hsu was the Finance Minister in the Republic of China government in China, 1946- Wang Sheng 王昇王升 1915–2006 Longan, Jiangxi Longan, Jiangxi General, 1970-; Director, General Political Warfare Department (), which was responsible for secret military and intelligence operations, 1975–1983; Wang was the second most powerful person in Taiwan after President :en:Chiang Ching-kuo as he led the "Liu Shaokang Office" () which was described as the inner court of the Kuomintang party headquarters, 1979–1983 and he was rumoured to be the successor to Chiang :en:Yu Shyi-kun 游錫堃游锡堃 1948- Yilan, Taiwan Zhao'an, Fujian Premier of the Republic of China, 2002–2005; Chairman, Democratic Progressive Party, 2006–2007 :en:Jiang Yi-huah 江宜樺江宜桦 1960- Keelung, Taiwan :en:Premier of the Republic of China, 2013–2014 :en:Hsu Hsin-liang(Hee Sin Leong) 許信良许信良 1941- Taoyuan, Taiwan Raoping, Guangdong Co-founder and Chairman, :en:Democratic Progressive Party, 1991–1994, 1996–1998; Presidential candidate, :en:2000 Republic of China presidential election :en:Hsu Hsin-ying 徐欣瑩 1972- Hsinchu, Taiwan Founder and Chairman, Minkuotang, 2015-; Vice-Presidential candidate, 2016 Republic of China presidential election; Member of the Legislative Yuan, 2012–2015; Won by the highest majority among more than 100 legislative yuan seats in the 2012 Republic of China legislative election :en:Hsu Ching-chung 徐慶鐘徐庆钟 1907–1996 Taipei, Taiwan Jiaoling, Guangdong Vice-Premier, Republic of China, 1972–1981 Chiu Chuang-huan 邱創煥邱创焕 1925- Changhua, Taiwan Raoping, Guangdong Vice-Premier, Republic of China, 1981–1984; :en:Governor of Taiwan Province, 1984–1990 :en:Liu Kwo-tsai 刘阔才 1911–1993 Miaoli, Taiwan Pingyuan, Guangdong President of the Legislative Yuan, 1988–1990 :en:Yeh Chu-lan(Yap Kiuk Lan) 葉菊蘭叶菊兰 1949- Miaoli, Taiwan Vice-Premier, Republic of China, 2004–2005 :en:Chiang Pin-kung 江丙坤 1932- Nantou, Taiwan Pinghe, Fujian Acting Chairman, Kuomintang, 2007; Chairman, Straits Exchange Foundation (), 2008–2012 :en:Wu Po-hsiung(Ng Pak Hiung) 吳伯雄吴伯雄 1939- Taoyuan, Taiwan Yongding, Fujian Chairman, Kuomintang, 2007–2009; Mayor, Taipei, 1988–1990 :en:Chen Ta-ching 陳大慶陈大庆 1904–1973 Chongyi, Jiangxi Chongyi, Jiangxi Minister of National Defense, 1972–1973; Governor of Taiwan Province, 1969–1972; General First-class (four-star general), 1973-; Commander-In-chief, :en:Republic of China Army, 1967–1969 :en:Tang Yao-ming 湯曜明汤曜明 1940- Taichung, Taiwan Yunxiao, Fujian First Local (non-Mainlander) Taiwanese Minister of National Defense, 2002–2004; General First-class (four-star general), 1999-; Chief of General Staff, :en:Republic of China Armed Forces, 1999–2002 Hong Kong Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Zeng Sheng 曾生 1910–1995 Huiyang, Guangdong Huiyang, Guangdong Legendary Commander, Dong River Column guerrilla force (), which was made up mainly of Hakkas; Noteworthy accomplishments of the guerrilla force included the aiding of British and Commonwealth prisoners of war to escape successfully from Japanese internment camps and the rescuing of twenty American pilots who parachuted into Hong Kong when they were shot down during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, 1941–1945 David Lan 藍鴻震 1940- Hong Kong Dabu, Guangdong Secretary for Home Affairs, 1997–2000 :en:Martin Lee 李柱銘李柱铭 1938- Hong Kong Huiyang, Guangdong Founding Chairman, Democratic Party, 1994–2002; Leading figure of Pan-democracy camp; Lee is hailed as the Father of democracy of Hong Kong :en:Lau Wong-fat 劉皇發刘皇发 1936- Hong Kong Huiyang, Guangdong Chairman, :en:Heung Yee Kuk (), a powerful body representing 700 indigenous villages in New Territories, 1980–2015; Known as the "Land Emperor of the New Territories" (), Lau is the political kingpin in the New Territories :en:Lee Wing Tat 李永達李永达 1955- Hong Kong Huiyang, Guangdong Chairman, Democratic Party, 2004–2006 :en:Tam Yiu Chung(Tham Yau Tsung) 譚耀宗谭耀宗 1949- Hong Kong Huiyang, Guangdong Chairman, Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong, the largest pro-Beijing political party in Hong Kong, 2007- Singapore Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Elizabeth Choy 蔡楊素梅蔡杨素梅 1910–2006 Sabah, Malaysia Guangdong War heroine; First and only woman in the Legislative Council of Singapore, 1951–1955 :en:Lee Kuan Yew(Lee Kong Yau) 李光耀 1923–2015 Singapore Dabu, Guangdong Founding father of modern Singapore; First Prime Minister of Singapore, 1959–1990, mother was a Peranakan :en:Lee Hsien Loong(Lee Sen Lung) 李顯龍李显龙 1952- Singapore Dabu, Guangdong Prime Minister of Singapore, 2004-; Youngest Brigadier General, Singapore Armed Forces, 1983–1984 He is a mix of Hakka, Perankan and mostly Hokkien Nyonya. :en:Yong Nyuk Lin 楊玉麟杨玉麟 1918–2012 Negri Sembilan, Malaysia Meixian, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 1959–1976 :en:Hon Sui Sen(Hon Sui Sang) 韓瑞生韩瑞生 1916–1983 Penang, Malaysia Jiexi, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 1970–1983 :en:Howe Yoon Chong(Hiew Yoon Chong) 侯永昌 1923–2007 Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 1979–1984 (Minister of Defence, 1979–1982) :en:Richard Hu (Foo Su Thau) 胡賜道胡赐道 1926- Singapore Yongding, Fujian Cabinet Minister, 1985–2001 Malaysia Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Yap Ah Loy 葉亞來叶亚来 1837–1885 Huizhou, Guangdong Huizhou, Guangdong Founder, modern Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia; Kapitan Cina, Kuala Lumpur, 1868–1885 :en:Chung Keng Quee(Chang Kin Gui) 鄭景貴郑景贵 1827–1901 Zengcheng, Guangdong Zengcheng, Guangdong Founder, Taiping, Perak; Kapitan Cina, Perak, 1875–1900; Leader, Hai San Secret Society, Larut War, 1861–1874 :en:Chin Ah Yam 陳亞炎陈亚炎 -1899 Dabu, Guangdong Dabu, Guangdong Kapitan Cina, Perak, 1875–1899; Leader, Ghee Hin Secret Society, Larut War, 1861–1874 :en:Leong Fee 梁輝梁辉 1857–1911 Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong First Chinese Member, Federal Legislative Council, 1909Generations: The Story of Batu Gajah By Tak Ming Ho, Perak Academy Published by HO TAK MING, 2005; , ; pp. 105, 113, 117, 119, 120, 132 :en:Philip Lee Tau Sang 李道生 -1959 Highly respected and leading Chinese politician who was greatly favoured by the British colonial rulers in North Borneo (now Sabah) in the 1950s :en:Lau Pak Khuan(Liew Pak Khiun) 劉伯群刘伯群 1894–1971 Zengcheng, Guangdong Zengcheng, Guangdong First Chinese to be conferred the ":en:Datuk Seri" title; Led the unsuccessful bid for Chinese equal citizenship-rights and official language status during the drafting of the Malaysian Constitution :en:Omar Ong Yoke Lin 翁毓麟 1917–2010 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Huizhou, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 1955–1973; First Chinese President, Malaysian Senate, 1973–1980; Mooted the idea to form the Alliance Party (Malaysia), predecessor of Barisan Nasional, the ruling coalition party of Malaysia since independence in 1952 :en:Wong Pow Nee 王保尼 1911–2002 Penang, Malaysia Xingning, Guangdong First Chief Minister of Penang, 1957–1969 :en:Peter Lo Sui Yin 羅思仁罗思仁 1923–2020 Sabah, Malaysia Longchuan, Guangdong Chief Minister of Sabah, 1965–67; Cabinet Minister, 1963–1965 James Wong Kim Min 黄金明 1922–2011 Sarawak, Malaysia Guangdong Leader of the Opposition of Malaysia, 1974; First Deputy Chief Minister, Sarawak, 1963–1966; President, Sarawak National Party, 1981–2003; Hold the record for being the longest serving Member of the Sarawak State Assembly for forty-six years, 1956–2001 :en:Stephen Yong Kuet Tze 楊國斯杨国斯 1921–2001 Sarawak, Malaysia Dabu, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 1982–1990; Co-founder, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, Sarawak's first political party, 1959 (President, 1983–1990); Yong is best remembered for giving the Chinese in Sarawak a political voice :en:Lee Kim Sai (Lee Kim Sze) 李金狮 1937-2019 Selangor, Malaysia Cabinet Minister, 1986–1995 :en:Yong Teck Lee 楊德利杨德利 1958- Sabah, Malaysia Longchuan, Guangdong Chief Minister of Sabah, 1996–1998; Founder and President, Sabah Progressive Party, 1994- :en:Peter Chin Fah Kui 陳華貴陈华贵 1945- Sarawak, Malaysia Bao'an, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 2004–2013; President, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, 2011- :en:Chor Chee Heung (Chau Chee Hiung) 曹智雄 1955- Kedah, Malaysia Dabu, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 2010–2013 :en:Liow Tiong Lai(Liau Tsung Loi) 廖中莱 1961 Malacca, Malaysia Dabu, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 2008–2013, 2014-; President, Malaysian Chinese Association, 2013- :en:Wee Ka Siong(Ngui Ka Seong) 魏家祥 1968- Malacca, Malaysia Lufeng, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 2014- :en:Teresa Kok(Kok Su Sim) 郭素沁 1964- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Huizhou, Guangdong Member of Parliament, 1999-; Won by the highest majority among more than 200 constituency seats in the 2008 and 2013 Malaysian general elections; In the 2013 election, Kok won more than 85% of the total votes cast, a record in Malaysia history :en:Chong Hon Nyan(Chong Hon Nyan) 張漢源张汉源 1924-2020 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Minister of Health (1978-1982) and Transport (1983-1986) Indonesia Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description Lo Fong Bak 羅芳伯罗芳伯 1738–1778 Meixian, Guangdong Meixian, Guangdong Founder and President, Hakka Republic of Lanfang in West Kalimantan, 1777–1884; The republic lasted for 107 years and had ten presidents who are all Meixian Hakkas :en:Basuki Tjahaja Purnama(Tjung Ban Hok) 鍾萬學钟万学 1966- Bangka–Belitung Islands, Indonesia Meixian, Guangdong First Chinese Governor, Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, which is considered to be the third most powerful position in Indonesia, 2014-; Basuki is more popularly known by his Hakka name, "Ahok" () :en:Christiandy Sanjaya(Wong Hon San) 黄汉山 1964- West Kalimantan, Indonesia Jiexi, Guangdong Deputy Governor, West Kalimantan, 2008–2013; First elected Chinese Deputy Governor of Indonesia :en:Teddy Jusuf(Hiung Tet Yie) 熊德怡 1966- West Java, Indonesia Meixian, Guangdong First and only Chinese to attain the rank of Brigadier General, Indonesian National Armed Forces, 1983 Thailand Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Thaksin Shinawatra(Hiew Tat Sin) 丘達新丘达新 1949- Chiang Mai, Thailand Fengshun, Guangdong Only Prime Minister of Thailand to be re-elected in Thailand history, 2001–2006; Parties linked to Thaksin had won all the five general elections in Thailand since 2001 :en:Yingluck Shinawatra(Hiew Yin Lok) 丘仁樂丘仁乐 1967- Chiang Mai, Thailand Fengshun, Guangdong First and only female Prime Minister of Thailand, 2011–2014 :en:Supachai Panitchpakdi 1946- Bangkok, Thailand Deputy Prime Minister, 1992–1995, 1997–2001; First and only Asian Director-General, World Trade Organization, 2002–2005 :en:Sudarat Keyuraphan 1961- Bangkok, Thailand Cabinet Minister, 2002–2006 :en:Chaiyasit Shinawatra 1945- Chiang Mai, Thailand Fengshun, Guangdong Supreme Commander, Royal Thai Armed Forces, 2004–2005; Commander-in-Chief, Royal Thai Army, 2003–2004 Cambodia Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Sok An (Soo On) 索安 1950- Takéo, Cambodia Deputy Prime Minister, Cambodia, 2004- Myanmar Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description နေဝင်း 奈温 1910–2002 Bago Region, Myanmar Meixian, Guangdong President of Myanmar, 1974–1981; Chairman, Union Revolutionary Council, 1962–1974; Prime Minister of Myanmar, 1958–1960, 1962–1974; Commander-in-chief (formerly known as Chief of Staff), :en:Myanmar Armed Forces, 1949–1972; Ne Win was the paramount leader of Myanmar for three decades စန်းယု 山友 1918–1996 Bago Region, Myanmar President of Myanmar, 1981–1988; Commander-in-chief, Myanmar Armed Forces, 1972–1974 ခင်ညွှန့် 钦纽 1939- Yangon Region, Myanmar Meixian, Guangdong Prime Minister of Myanmar, 2003–2004; General, Myanmar Armed Forces, 2002–2003 Timor-Leste Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description Pedro Lay (Lai Sze Fong)黎事芳 Timor-Leste Meixian, Guangdong First Chinese Cabinet Minister, 2007–2015 Francisco Kalbuadi Lay (Lai Fatt Fong)黎发芳 1954- Timor-Leste Meixian, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 2012-; First Chinese to be elected to National Parliament, 2002–2005 Australia Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Penny Wong 黃英賢黃英贤 1968- Sabah, Malaysia First Chinese and first Asian Cabinet Minister, 2007–2013; First female Leader of the Government in the Senate, 2013; First female Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, 2013- :en:Helen Sham-Ho 何沈慧霞 1943- Hong Kong Bao'an, Guangdong Member, New South Wales Legislative Council, 1988–2003; First Chinese to be elected to an Australian parliament Peter Wong 黄肇强 1942- Zhaoqing, Guangdong Zijin, Guangdong Member, New South Wales Legislative Council, 1999–2007; Leading anti-white nationalist politician; Founder, Unity Party, which was formed to oppose Pauline Hanson and her white supremacy One Nation party, 1997 :en:Alfred Huang 黃國鑫黄国鑫 1938- Chengdu, Sichuan Jiaoling, Guangdong Lord Mayor, Adelaide, 2000–2003 :en:Robert Chong(Tsung Foo Hee) 鐘富喜钟富喜 1954- Malaysia Meixian, Guangdong Mayor, Whitehorse, Victoria, 2002–2005 :en:Henry Tsang 曾筱龍曾筱龙 1943- Nanchang, Jiangxi Wuhua, Guangdong Deputy Lord Mayor, Sydney, 1991–1999; Member, New South Wales Legislative Council, 1999–2009 French Polynesia Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Gaston Tong Sang 1949- Bora-bora, French Polynesia Guangdong President, French Polynesia, 2006–2007, 2008–2011; Tong Sang is of mixed blood with Hakka Chinese ancestry on his paternal side Mauritius Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Moilin Jean Ah-Chuen(Chu Moi Lin) 朱梅麟 1909–1991 Mauritius Meixian, Guangdong First Chinese Cabinet Minister, 1967–1976; First Chinese Member, Legislative Council, 1949; Second Hakka after Sun Yat-sen to have his portrait printed on the bills of a country's currency :en:Joseph Tsang Mang Kin 曾繁興曾繁兴 1938- Mauritius Meixian, Guangdong Cabinet Minister, 1995–2000; As a poet, Tsang has written a number of poems on the Hakka culture Seychelles Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description Li Huarong (Lee Fah Yin) 李华荣 Seychelles Meixian, Guangdong Deputy Minister United Kingdom Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Nat Wei, Baron Wei 韋鳴恩韦鸣恩 1977- Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom Zhuhai, Guangdong Youngest member at the age of 34 and first British-born person of Chinese origin in the House of Lords, 2011- France Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description André Thien Ah Koon 曾憲建曾宪建 1940- Reunion Island, France Meixian, Guangdong First and only Chinese elected to the French National Assembly and the first Chinese elected to a parliament in Europe, 1986–2006; Mayor, Tampon, Reunion Island, 1983–2006, 2014–2020; First Chinese Mayor of Reunion Island and France Netherlands Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Varina Tjon-A-Ten 张 1952- Paramaribo, Suriname Guangdong First Chinese elected to the House of Representatives, 2003–2006; Tjon-A-Ten is of mixed blood with paternal Hakka Chinese grandfather who migrated from Guangdong to Suriname :en:Roy Ho Ten Soeng 何天送 1945- Paramaribo, Suriname Guangdong Mayor, Venhuizen, North Holland, 2000–2006; First immigrant Mayor of Netherlands; First Chinese Mayor of Netherlands and Europe United States Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description David Chiu 邱信福 1970- Ohio, USA Member, California State Assembly, 2014- :en:Yiaway Yeh 葉亞威叶亚威 1978- San Francisco, USA Meixian, Guangdong First Chinese Mayor of Palo Alto, California, 2012 Guyana Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Arthur Chung 鐘亞瑟钟亚瑟 1916–2008 West Demerara, Guyana Dabu, Guangdong First President, Guyana, 1970–1980 Trinidad and Tobago Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Solomon Hochoy 何才 1905–1983 Jamaica Bao'an, Guangdong Last British Governor, 1960–1962; First non-white Governor in the whole of the British Empire, 1960; First Governor-General, 1962–1972, when Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962; First Chinese Head of State in a non-Asian country Suriname Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Hendrick Chin A Sen 陳亞先陈亚先 1934–1999 Marowijne District, Suriname Huiyang, Guangdong President and Prime Minister of Suriname, 1980–1982; Chin paternal side is Hakka Chinese and maternal side is mixed Creole Jamaica Name(Hakka pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description :en:Rose Leon 1913–1999 Kingston, Jamaica First Chinese and first female Cabinet Minister, 1953–1960, 1972–1976; First Chinese Member, House of Representatives, 1949; First female Chairperson of a political party – Jamaica Labour Party, 1948 :en:Horace Chang 霍勒斯.郑 1952- Westmorland, United Kingdom Cabinet Minister, 2007–2011 :en:Delroy Chuck 德尔罗伊.卓 1950- Manchester Parish, Jamaica Dongguan Cabinet Minister, 2011–2012; First Chinese Speaker, House of Representatives, 2007–2011 Brazil Name(Hakka Pronunciation) Chinese name Birth-Death Born Ancestry Description William Boss Wu 巫佰禧 1968- São Paulo, Brazil Raoping, Guangdong First and only Chinese elected to the National Congress of Brazil, 2006- ခေတ်သစ်မြန်မာသမိုင်း | အင်္ဂလိပ် : Model Myanmar's History. နေဝင်း၊ ဦး ​ စန်းယု (နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတ) အောင်ကြီး ခင်ညွန့် (ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး) ခေတ်သစ်တရုတ်သမိုင်း | အင်္ဂလိပ် : Model China's History. တိန့်ရှောင်ဖိန် စုန့်ညီအစ်မ Soong Sisters [Traditional Chinese]:宋家姐妹, [pinyin]: Sòngjiā Jiěmèi, သို့မဟုတ် စုန့်ညီအစ်မသုံးဖော် [Traditional Chinese]:宋氏三姐妹 တို့သည် ဟတ်ကာ Hakka တရုတ်ဖြစ်ပြီး သူတို့အမျိုးသားနှင့် ပက်သက်ပြီး ခေတ်သစ်တရုတ်သမိုင်း China'history ၏ ၂၀ရာစု အစောပိုင်း တွင် ဩဇာဣတ္ထိမ ကြီးမားသော ညီအစ်မဖြင့် မှတ်တမ်းဖြစ်ခဲ့သည်။ right| စုန့်ညီအစ်မသုံးဖော် ဓာတ်ပုံ A photograph of the three Soong sisters together. ရုံးသုံးစကား ၁၉ ရာစု ကာလ၌ ဟတ်ကာစကား ကို နိင်ငံတော်စကားအဖြစ် သတ်မှတ်ပြီး တရုတ်ပြည်၏ သုံးပုံတစ်ပုံအကျယ်အဝန်းရှိသော မဟာငြိမ်းချမ်းသောကောင်းကင်နိုင်ငံတော် Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ထူထောင်ခဲ့ကြသည် ။ ဟတ်ကာစကားသည် ထိုင်ဝမ်၏ တရားဝင်ရုံးသုံးစကားများအနက်တစ်ခုလည်း ဖြစ်သည်။ တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ 450px|center| တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ၏ပြည်နယ်များ ပြည်နယ် အန်းဟွေး ပြည်နယ် - Anhui (安徽) ဖူကျန့်ပြည်နယ် - Fujian (福建) ကန်းစုပြည်နယ် - Gansu (甘肃) ကွမ်တုန်းပြည်နယ် - Guangdong (广东) ကွေ့ကျိုး ပြည်နယ်]] - Guizhou (贵州) ဟိုင်နန် ပြည်နယ် - Hainan (海南) ဟိုပေ ပြည်နယ် - Hebei (河北) ဟေးလုံကျန်း ပြည်နယ် | Heilongjiang (黑龙江) ဟောနန် ပြည်နယ် - Henan (河南) ဟူပေ ပြည်နယ် - Hubei (湖北) ဟူနန် ပြည်နယ် - Hunan (湖南) ကျန်းစူး ပြည်နယ် - Jiangsu (江苏) ကျန်းစီ ပြည်နယ် - Jiangxi (江西) ကျိလင် ပြည်နယ် - Jilin (吉林) လျောင်းနင် ပြည်နယ် - Liaoning (辽宁) ချင်းဟိုင် ပြည်နယ် - Qinghai (青海) ရှန်စီ ပြည်နယ် - Shaanxi (陕西) ဆန်းတုန်း ပြည်နယ် - Shandong (山东) ဆန်းစီ ပြည်နယ် - Shanxi (山西) စစ်ချွမ်း ပြည်နယ် - Sichuan (四川) ထိုင်ဝမ် ပြည်နယ် - Taiwan (台湾) ယူနန် ပြည်နယ် - Yunnan (云南) ကျဲ့ကျန်း ပြည်နယ် - Zhejiang (浙江) ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ Autonomous regions (自治区) ကွမ်ရှီး ကျွမ်းလူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Guangxi (广西壮族自治区) အတွင်းမွန်ဂိုလီးယား မွန်ဂိုလူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Inner Mongolia (内蒙古自治区) နိင်ရှ ဟွေးလူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Ningxia (宁夏回族自治区) ရှင်းကျန်း ဝေးဝူအာရ် လူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Xinjiang (新疆维吾尔自治区) တိဘက်လူမျိုးကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ| Tibet (西藏自治区) မြူနီစီပါယ်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး Municipalities (直辖市) ပေကျင်း မြို့ | Beijing |北京市 ချုံချင့် မြို့ | Chongqing (重庆市) ရှန်ဟိုင်း မြို့ | Shanghai (上海市) ထျန်းကျင်း မြို့ | Tianjin (天津市) အထူးအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ Special Administrative Regions (特别行政区) ဟောင်ကောင်အထူးအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Hong Kong (香港特別行政區) မကာအိုအထူးအုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ | Macau (澳門特別行政區) တရုတ်ဗဟိုလွင်ပြင် thumbnail|250px|Central China region. thumbnail|250px|Green = Rise of Central China Plan တရုတ်ဗဟိုဒေသ'Central China' () သည် အချက်အချာ​နေရာဖြစ်ပြီး ရော​ထွေးနေသော ယဉ်ကျေးမှုများရှိသည့်ဒေသဖြစ်သည် ။ အုပ်ချုပ်မှုနယ်မြေဒေသအရ ပါဝင်သည့် ပြည်နယ်များ provinces မှာ ဟေနန် Henan , ဟူပေ Hubei ဟူနန် Hunan တို့ဖြစ်ပြီး ကွမ်ရှီး Jiangxi ၏ နယ်မြေ အချို့ပါဝင်သည်။ တရုတ် တောင်ဗဟိုဒေသကို နိုင်ငံတော်အစိုးရ၏ People's Republic of Chinaအုပ်ချုပ်မှုအောက်တွင်ရှိသည်။ ၂၀၀၄ ခုနှစ်၌ စီမံကိန်း Rise of Central China Plan ကို နိုင်ငံတော်ကောင်စီ State Council of the People's Republic of China အကောင်အထည်ဖော်ရာတွင် ဗဟိုဒေသကို ဝန်းရံလျက်ရှိသော ဆန်းရှီး Shanxi, အန်ဟွေ့Anhuiစသည် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးပြီးဗဟိုဒေသလည်း ပါဝင်သတ်မှတ်ထားသည်။ . Administrative divisions GBGB/T 2260 codes for the provinces of ChinaISO №ISO 3166-2:CN (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of China)ProvinceChinese_NameCapitalPopulationDensityArea Abbreviation/Symbol |} ကိုးကား Category:ဟန်တရုတ် အုပ်စုခွဲများ