ဆိုယုဇ်အာကာသယာဉ်

This video was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the ISS. The Soyuz is shown off-centre throughout the video just days before astronauts Mike Fossum, Satoshi Furukawa, and Sergey Volkov board this vehicle to come back to Earth. ဆိုယုဇ် (, ), Union)အာကာသယာဉ်တွဲသည် အစဦးက ၁၉၆၀တွင် ကိုရိုယက်ဗ်ဒီဇိုင်းအဖွဲ့ က ဆိုဗီယက်အာကာသစီမံကိန်း အတွက် ဒီဇိုင်းရေးဆွဲခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်ပြီး ယခုအချိန်ထိဆက်လက်သုံးစွဲလျက်ရှိသည်။ ဆိုယုဇ်သည် ဗော့စတော့အာကာသယာဉ်ကိုအမွေဆက်ခံပြီး မူလက ဆိုဗီယက်လကမ္ဘာသို့လူလွှတ်ရေးစီမံကိန်း၏အစိတ်အပိုင်းတစ်ခုဖြစ်သည်။ ဆိုယုဇ်အာကာသယာဉ်ကို ရုရှားတို့၏အားအကိုးရဆုံးသော၊ မကြာခဏအသုံးပြုလေ့ရှိသောဆိုယုဇ်ဒုံးပျံဖြင့်ပစ်လွှတ်သည်။ Soyuz launch vehicle: The most reliable means of space travel, ESAFrance and Russia agree: Soyuz will launch from Kourou in French Guyana , SpaceRef The Soyuz rocket design is based on the Vostok launcher, which in turn was based on the 8K74 or R-7A Semyorka, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile. Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The first unmanned Soyuz mission was launched November 28, 1966; the first Soyuz mission with a crew (Soyuz 1) was launched April 23, 1967, but the cosmonaut on board, Vladimir Komarov, died during the flight's crash-landing. Soyuz 2 was an unmanned mission, and Soyuz 3, launched on October 26, 1968, was the first successful Soyuz manned mission. The only other fatal mission, Soyuz 11, killed the crew of three also during re-entry due to premature cabin depressurization. Despite these early fatalities, Soyuz is presently widely considered the world's safest, most cost-effective human spaceflight systemRussia thriving again on the final frontier , MSNBC as demonstrated by its unparalleled length of operational history. Soyuz spacecraft were used to carry astronauts to and from Salyut and later Mir Soviet space stations, and are now used for transport to and from the International Space Station (ISS). At least one Soyuz spacecraft is docked to ISS at all times for use as an escape craft in the event of an emergency. The Soyuz spacecraft is intended to be replaced by the six-person Prospective Piloted Transport System. ဒီဇိုင်း ဆိုယုဇ်အာကာသယာဉ်၏ဂြိုဟ်ပတ်မော်ဂျူးပုံ The forepart of the spacecraft is the orbital module (Russian: бытовой отсек (БО); Bytovoi otsek (BO)), also known as Habitation section. It houses all the equipment that will not be needed for reentry, such as experiments, cameras or cargo. The module also contains a toilet, docking avionics and communications gear. Internal volume is 6 m³, living space 5 m³. On the latest Soyuz versions (since Soyuz TM), a small window was introduced, providing the crew with a forward view. A hatch between it and the descent module can be closed so as to isolate it to act as an airlock if needed, crew members exiting through its side port (near the descent module). On the launch pad, the crew enter the spacecraft through this port. This separation also lets the orbital module be customized to the mission with less risk to the life-critical descent module. The convention of orientation in zero gravity differs from that of the descent module, as crew members stand or sit with their heads to the docking port. Separation of the Orbital Module is critical for a safe landing. Without separation of the OM it is not possible for the crew to survive landing – that’s why the orbital module was separated before the ignition of the return engine. After the issue with the landing of Soyuz TM-5 in September 1988 this procedure was changed and the OM is separated after the return maneuver, which is more dangerous. Also the rescue of the crew whilst on the launch pad or with SAS system is complicated because of the orbital module. အဆင်းမော်ဂျူး ဆိုယုဇ်အာကာသယာဉ်၏ပင်မမော်ဂျူးနှင့်တွန်းအားပေးမော်ဂျူးပုံ At the back of the vehicle is the service module (Russian: приборно-агрегатный отсек (ПАО); Priborno-Agregatnyi Otsek (PAO)). It has a pressurized container shaped like a bulging can (Instrumentation compartment, PO (Priborniy Otsek) that contains systems for temperature control, electric power supply, long-range radio communications, radio telemetry, and instruments for orientation and control. A non-pressurized part of the service module (Propulsion compartment, AO (Agregatniy Otsek)) contains the main engine and a liquid-fuelled propulsion system for maneuvering in orbit and initiating the descent back to Earth. The ship also has a system of low-thrust engines for orientation, attached to the Intermediate compartment (PkhO or Perekhodnoi Otsek). Outside the service module are the sensors for the orientation system and the solar array, which is oriented towards the sun by rotating the ship. An incomplete separation between the Service and Reentry modules led to emergency situations during Soyuz 5, Soyuz TMA-10 and Soyuz TMA-11, which led to an incorrect reentry orientation (crew ingress hatch first). The failure of several explosive bolts did not cut the connection between the Service/Reentry modules on the latter two flights. ပြန်ဝင် လုပ်ငန်းများ The Soyuz uses a method similar to the Apollo Command/Service modules to de-orbit itself. The spacecraft is turned engine-forward and the main engine is fired for de-orbiting fully 180° ahead of its planned landing site. This requires the least propellant for re-entry, the spacecraft traveling on an elliptical Hohmann orbit to a point where it will be low enough in the atmosphere to re-enter. Early Soyuz spacecraft would then have the service and orbital modules detach simultaneously from the reentry module. As they are connected by tubing and electrical cables to the reentry module, this would aid in their separation and avoid having the descent module alter its orientation. Later Soyuz spacecraft detached the orbital module before firing the main engine, which saved propellant. Since the Soyuz TM-5 landing issue, the orbital module is once again detached only after the re-enter firing, which led to (but not caused) emergency situations of Soyuz TMA-10 and TMA-11. The orbital module cannot remain in orbit as an addition to a space station, as the airlock hatch between the orbital and reentry modules is a part of reentry module, and the orbital module therefore depressurizes after separation. Re-entry firing is usually done on the "dawn" side of the earth, so that the spacecraft can be seen by recovery helicopters as it descends in the evening twilight, illuminated by the sun when it is above the shadow of the Earth. The Soyuz craft is designed to come down on land, usually somewhere in the deserts of Kazakhstan in central Asia. This is in contrast to early US manned missions which "splashed down" in the ocean. အာကာသယာဉ် စနစ်များ center ဆိုယုဇ်အာကာသယာဉ် ဂြိုဟ်ပတ်မော်ဂျူး (A) 1 ဆိုက်ကပ်စက်ပိုင်းများ 2 ကားစ်အင်တင်နာ 4 ကားစ်အင်တင်နာ 3 ရုပ်သံထုတ်လွှင့်သည့်အင်တင်နာ 5 ကင်မရာ 6 နောက်ဖုံး အဆင်းမော်ဂျူး(B) 7 လေထီးခန်း 8ပယ်ရီစကုပ် 9 ချောင်းကြည့်ပေါက် 11 အပူကာဒိုင်း အထိန်းမော်းဂျူး (C) 10 and 18 အမြင့်ထိန်းအင်ဂျင်များ 21 အောက်ဆီဂျင်အိုး 12 ကမ္ဘာအာရုံခံကိရိယာ 13 နေအာရုံခံကိရိယာ 14 နေရောင်ဖမ်းပြားချိတ်ရန်ငုတ်များ 16 ကားစ်အင်တင်နာ 15 အပူအာရုံခံကိရိယာ 17 ပင်မတွန်းကန်အား 20 လောင်စာအိုး 19 ဆက်သွယ်ရေးအင်တင်နာ Variants Soyuz 7K manned spacecraft concept (1963). Korolyov initially promoted the Soyuz A-B-V circumlunar complex (7K-9K-11K) concept (also known as L1) in which a two-man craft Soyuz 7K would rendezvous with other components (9K and 11K) in Earth orbit to assemble a lunar excursion vehicle, the components being delivered by the proven R-7 rocket. ပထမမျိုးဆက် Soyuz 7K-OKS for Salyut space stations. The manned Soyuz spacecraft can be classified into design generations. Soyuz 1 through Soyuz 11 (1967–1971) were first-generation vehicles, carrying a crew of up to three without spacesuits and distinguished from those following by their bent solar panels and their use of the Igla automatic docking navigation system, which required special radar antennas. This first generation encompassed the original Soyuz 7K-OK and the Soyuz 7K-OKS for docking with the Salyut 1 space station. The probe and drogue docking system permitted internal transfer of cosmonauts from the Soyuz to the station. The Soyuz 7K-L1 was designed to launch a crew from the Earth to circle the moon, and was the primary hope for a Soviet circumlunar flight. It had several test flights in the Zond program from 1967–1970 (Zond 4 to Zond 8), which produced multiple failures in the 7K-L1's re-entry systems. The remaining 7K-L1s were scrapped. The Soyuz 7K-L3 was designed and developed in parallel to the Soyuz 7K-L1, but was also scrapped. Soyuz 1 was plagued with technical issues, and cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov was killed when the spacecraft crashed during its return to Earth. This was the first in-flight fatality in the history of spaceflight. The next manned version of the Soyuz was the Soyuz 7K-OKS. It was designed for space station flights and had a docking port that allowed internal transfer between spacecraft. The Soyuz 7K-OKS had two manned flights, both in 1971. Soyuz 11, the second flight, depressurized upon re-entry, killing its three-man crew. ဒုတိယမျိုးဆက် Soyuz-T spacecraft. The third generation Soyuz-T (T: транспортный, Transportnyi meaning transport) spacecraft (1976–1986) featured solar panels allowing longer missions, a revised Igla rendezvous system and new translation/attitude thruster system on the Service module. It could carry a crew of three, now wearing spacesuits. စတုတ္ထမျိုးဆက် Soyuz-TM (1986-2003) The Soyuz TMA-6 Soyuz TMA (A: антропометрический, Antropometricheskii meaning anthropometric) features several changes to accommodate requirements requested by NASA in order to service the International Space Station, including more latitude in the height and weight of the crew and improved parachute systems. It is also the first expendable vehicle to feature "glass cockpit" technology. Soyuz-TMA looks identical to a Soyuz-TM spacecraft on the outside, but interior differences allow it to accommodate taller occupants with new adjustable crew couches. Soyuz TMA-M (2010/....) In 2004, Russian space officials announced that they intended to replace Soyuz with the new Kliper and Parom spacecraft by early 2011. Since then, Kliper appears to have been indefinitely postponed due to lack of government funding. It has since been announced that the Soyuz will use a new digital interior displays and updated docking equipment. This new version, known as Soyuz TMA-M, debuted on 7 October 2010 with the launch of TMA-01M, carrying the ISS Expedition 25 crew. Soyuz ACTS (2012/....) Soyuz ACTS (Advanced Crew Transportation System), also known as Soyuz-K, is a proposed version of the Soyuz design capable of achieving lunar orbit. The upgrades could include a new habitation module developed by the European Space Agency. A novel, rocket-based precision landing system may also be implemented. Missions could be launched from Baikonur or Guiana Space Centre.Advanced Crew Transportation System, ACTS Related craft The unmanned Progress spacecraft were derived from Soyuz and are used for servicing space stations. While not being direct derivatives of Soyuz, the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft and the Indian Orbital Vehicle follow the same general layout as that pioneered by Soyuz. General Electric published their Apollo D-2 in December 1961 at the American Astronautical Society symposium in Denver, CO. This American design has many similarities to the early Russian spacecraft designs. Operators Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: 1966-1991 Russian Federation: 1992 to present အခြားကြည့်ရန် Spacecraft Sokol space suit Space exploration Human spaceflight ဓာတ်ပုံများ ကိုကား ပြင်ပလင့် Russia New Russian spaceship will be able to fly to Moon - space corp RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development Mir Hardware Heritage David S. F. Portree, Mir Hardware Heritage , NASA RP-1357, 1995 Mir Hardware Heritage (wikisource) Information on Soyuz spacecraft OMWorld's ASTP Docking Trainer Page NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details Space Adventures circum-lunar mission - details Russian space agency video of roll-out and launch. Apollo D-2 Proposal by General Electric, Encyclopedia Astronautica