Till May 1927, communist support remained strong in Changsha before the massacre carried out by the right-wing faction of the KMT troops owing allegiance to Chiang Kai-shek in its offensive against the left-wing faction of Wang Jingwei then allied closely with the communists. The purge of communists and suspected communists was part of Chiang's plans to consolidate his hold over the KMT weakening Wang's control, and thereby over entire China eventually. In a period of twenty days, Chiang's forces killed more than ten thousand people in Changsha and its outskirts. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), the strategic location of Changsha made it the focus of four campaigns by the Japanese to capture it from the hands of the Chinese Nationalists which resulted in the battles of 1st Changsha, 2nd Changsha, 3rd Changsha, and 4th Changsha. The city was able to repulse the first three attacks thanks to Xue Yue's leadership, but ultimately fell for a short time into Japanese hands in 1944 for another year until they were defeated in a counterattack and forced to surrender. The city itself was virtually destroyed by fire in 1938–39. The city later became the territory of the People's Republic of China when it was formed in 1949 after the Kuomintang were driven to Taiwan. ပထဝီအနေအအထား left|မြို့တော်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး The city of Changsha has direct jurisdiction over 6 districts (区 qu), 1 county-level cities (市 shi), and 2 counties (县 xian) : 300px SubdivisionPop.AreaDens. English Simplified Traditional Pinyin 2010 km² /km² Changsha City Proper■ Furong District芙蓉区芙蓉區Fúróng Qū523,7304212,470■ Tianxin District天心区天心區Tiānxīn Qū475,663746,428■ Yuelu District岳麓区嶽麓區Yuèlù Qū801,8615521,453■ Kaifu District开福区開福區Kāifú Qū567,3731873,034■ Yuhua District雨花区雨花區Yǔhuā Qū725,3531146,363 Changsha suburban and rural■ Wangcheng District望城区望城區Wàngchéng Qū523,489970540■ Liuyang City浏阳市瀏陽市Liúyáng Shì1,278,9284,999256■ Changsha County长沙县長沙縣Chángshā Xiàn979,6651,997491■ Ningxiang County宁乡县寧鄉縣Níngxiāng Xiàn1,168,0562,906402 Transportation right|Main Changsha Railway Station right|High-speed train's Changsha South Railway Station Changsha is well connected by roads, river, rail, and air transportation modes, and is a regional hub for industrial, tourist, and service sectors. အများပြည်သူသုံးယာဉ် The city's public transportation system consists of an extensive bus network with over a hundred lines as well as taxis. မြေအောက်ရထား Changsha Metro is planning a 6 line network. The first two lines under construction are planned to open in 2015. Line 1 will run from north to south and Line 2 from west to east. လမ်းများ National Highways 107 and 319, as well as Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Express Way connect the Changsha metro area nationally. There are three main bus terminals in Changsha: South Station, East Station and West Station, dispatching long- and short-haul trips to cities within and outside Hunan Province. မြစ်များ Changsha is surrounded by major rivers, including the Xiangjiang, the Liuyanghe, and the Laodaohe. Ships transport mainly goods from Xianing port located in North Changsha domestically and internationally. ရထားလမ်းများ ချန်းရှားဘူတာကြီး သည် မြို့လယ်ခေါင်တွင်တည်ရှိပြီး အခြားမြို့ကြီးများနှင့်အမြန်ရထားများ၊ ရိုးရိုးရထားခရီးစဉ်များပြေးဆွဲလျက်ရှိသည်။