LCQ6: Betting duty
15.2.2023

Following is a question by the Hon Adrian Ho and a reply by the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury, Mr Christopher Hui, in the Legislative Council today (February 15): Question: Over the past few years, the economy of Hong Kong has been hard hit by the epidemic, and the expenses involved in anti-epidemic and relief measures have amounted to over $600 billion. Some analyses have pointed out that, excluding the amounts of the Housing Reserve and Future Fund ploughed back and the proceeds from the issuance of bonds, the Government has recorded fiscal deficits for three consecutive years, and the fiscal deficit of the current financial year is estimated to be over $100 billion. According to Article 107 of the Basic Law, Hong Kong shall follow the principle of keeping the expenditure within the limits of revenues in drawing up its budget, and strive to achieve a fiscal balance and avoid deficits. There are views that the Government should increase stable and recurrent revenue, and betting duty is one of such revenue. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council: (1) as the Government raised the betting duty and authorised betting on football matches in 2003, and amended the Betting Duty Ordinance in 2006 to convert the betting duty on horse race bets from turnover-based to a tax on net stake receipts, of the respective betting turnovers of and revenues from betting duty on football betting, betting on horse races, cash-sweeps and lotteries (i.e. Mark Six) in each of the years from 2003 to 2009; (2) whether the authorities will conduct a study on raising the betting duty, with a view to increasing the stable revenue of the Government from betting duty; and (3) whether it will, by drawing reference from the experience of neighbouring regions in issuing additional betting licences, conduct a study on suitably increasing the number of licences for conducting betting on football matches under section 6I of the Betting Duty Ordinance, with a view to increasing revenue from betting duty; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that? Reply: President, The Government has all along been adhering to the principles of exercising fiscal prudence, keeping expenditure within the limits of revenue and committing resources as and when justified and needed in public finance management. The Government strives to achieve a fiscal balance over a period of time. In the face of the epidemic and economic downturn in the past few years, we adopted an expansionary fiscal policy, implementing counter cyclical measures to ease the pressure of economic downturn and to relieve hardships in the society. In the long run, with limited financial resources, the Government needs to manage public finances prudently when allocating resources for taking forward necessary initiatives so as to maintain fiscal robustness and sustainability, and to maintain financial strength to prepare for known and unknown situations and needs. The Government's policy is not to encourage gambling. However, since there is a certain degree of public demand for gambling, the Government allows legal and authorised means of gambling in a limited and regulated manner to address public demand, so as to prevent the public from turning to illegal gambling. The Government has authorised the Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) to conduct horse race betting, football betting and lotteries under the Betting Duty Ordinance (Cap. 108) (the Ordinance) to achieve its policy objective of combating illegal gambling through the provision of lawful and authorised betting outlets. At the same time, betting duty is charged for the above-mentioned authorised betting activities under the Ordinance. At present, duties on betting on horse races and betting on football matches are charged on net stake receipts. The duty rates for betting on horse races are from 72.5 per cent to 75 per cent on a progressive basis and 50 per cent for football matches. Betting duty for lotteries are charged at 25 per cent on the amount of proceeds. In consultation with the Home and Youth Affairs Bureau, my reply to the three parts of Hon Ho's question is as follows: (1) The Government increased betting duty rate to increase revenue in 2003. The duty on exotic horse racing bets was increased from 19 per cent to 20 per cent. In the same year, to combat illegal football gambling, the Government also authorised football betting by way of licensing the HKJC to conduct football betting in Hong Kong. To cope with the challenges from illegal bookmakers and to enhance regulation of betting on horse races, the Government implemented in 2006 a series of reforms to the betting duty system, including conversion of betting duty on horse race bets from turnover-based to a tax on net stake receipts (i.e. betting proceeds minus payout) and introduction of a progressive marginal duty system. According to the information of HKJC, the total proceeds of betting on horse races, betting on football matches and lotteries increased from $86.9 billion in 2003-04 to $116.9 billion in 2009-10. The proceeds of betting on horse races, betting on football matches and lotteries of HKJC between 2003-04 and 2009-10 are summarised in Table 1. Table 1: Proceeds ($million) 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Betting on football matches 16,063 26,731 31,272 30,190 34,442 35,108 38,908 Betting on horse races 65,025 62,661 59,032 63,860 66,791 67,653 71,647 Lotteries 5,860 6,599 6,293 6,589 6,382 6,429 6,375 Total 86,948 95,991 96,597 100,639 107,615 109,190 116,930 Remarks: The figures above are based on the financial years of HKJC (from July to June of the following year) As for betting duty, the revenue from betting duty increased from $11.6 billion in 2003-04 to $12.8 billion in 2009-10. The revenue from duty on betting on football matches, betting on horse races and lotteries between 2003-04 and 2009-10 is summarised in Table 2. Table 2: Government revenue from betting duty ($million) 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Betting on football matches 1,024 1,928 2,355 2,797 2,947 2,946 2,978 Betting on horse races 9,259 8,467 7,950 7,703 8,415 8,089 8,292 Lotteries 1,353 1,662 1,633 1,547 1,686 1,585 1,497 Total 11,636 12,057 11,938 12,047 13,048 12,620 12,767 (2) To ensure fiscal sustainability, the Government would look into different measures, including tax rate adjustment, to increase revenue without affecting people's livelihood and maintaining the policy of low tax rate as far as possible. We will take into account the fiscal position of the Government, the economic environment of Hong Kong, and the impact on people from different walks of life in the community and give prudent consideration to the proposal of adjusting betting duty. (3) The gambling policies in different jurisdictions around the world are not the same and the betting duty regimes also vary. Therefore, the licensing regime of betting activities (including the number of betting licences issued) in other jurisdictions may not be directly applicable to Hong Kong. As for Hong Kong, the Government's policy has all along been not to encourage gambling. As per established practice, the licence for football betting is only issued by the Government under the Ordinance to one organisation, namely HKJC, to prevent competition amongst operators which could stimulate demand for gambling. Having considered that the prevailing practice is consistent with the Government's gambling policy of not encouraging gambling and has all along been effective, we have no plan at the moment to increase the number of licence for football betting. Thank you, President.