Trong linh vuc sinh hoc phan tu va di truyen hoc, thuat ngu bo gen dung đe chi tat ca cac vat chat di truyen chua trong mot ca the sinh vat. Nhung vat chat di truyen nay gom DNA o nhiem sac the, DNA ngoai nhiem sac the (nhu DNA vong o ti the, o luc lap neu co), ca cac RNA (neu la RNA virut), co the mang thong tin di truyen o vung ma hoa hoac khong ma hoa.  Thuat ngu nay dich tu nguyen goc tieng Anh la genome, cung đa đuoc dich la he gen. Mon khoa hoc chuyen nghien cuu ve bo gen đuoc goi la he gen hoc (genomics). Nhieu kien thuc thuoc linh vuc nay đuoc đe cap o tap chi Genome Research.


Tu nguyen Thuat ngu genome đuoc giao su nguoi Đuc la Hans Winkler, đe xuat vao nam 1920, ma tu đien Oxford goi y rang cai ten nay la su pha tron giua cac tu gen va nhiem sac the.

Tuy nhien, bo gen cua mot sinh vat bao gom tat ca cac vat chat mang thong tin di truyen, du o nhiem sac the hay o ngoai nhiem sac the. Nhung o cac sinh vat co nhiem sac the (sinh vat co cau tao te bao), co tac gia goi axit nucleic o nhiem sac the nhu la bo gen chinh, con o ngoai la bo gen phu. Chang han o nguoi, moi ca the co bo nhiem sac the luong boi la 2n = 46, thi tap hop tat ca cac DNA o moi nhiem sac the tao nen bo gen chinh, con goi la bo gen luong boi; con lai cac gen trong ti the, o ngoai nhan đuoc coi la phu, mac du co tam quan trong nhat đinh va đot bien co the gay benh, nhu mot benh gay đong kinh di truyen theo dong me.


Bo gen virut Bo gen virut co the co DNA hoac RNA tuy loai.

Cac benh nhu đau mua, herpes va thuy đau la do cac virut DNA gay ra: bo gen cua chung la phan tu DNA.
Cac benh nhu AIDS va Covid-19 la do virut RNA gay ra: bo gen cua chung la RNA. Khi chung xam nhiem vao vat chu (nguoi, doi), phan tu RNA se đuoc enzym phien ma nguoc tao nen DNA bo sung cua chung, roi tu đo nhan đoi thanh DNA hai mach chen vao nhiem sac the cua vat chu.


Bo gen nhan so Nhan so (Prokaryotes) co cau tao đon bao, nhung bo gen cua chung đuoc phan biet thanh hai phan: hau het cac gen phan bo o mot phan tu DNA vong lon goi la nhiem sac the nhan so (viet tat: DNA-NST), con lai phan bo o cac plasmit co so luong rat khong on đinh.


Đac điem mot so bo gen Duoi đay la bang gioi thieu mot so bo gen đai dien.


Xem them Tham khao Benfey P, Protopapas AD (2004). Essentials of Genomics. Prentice Hall.
Brown TA (2002). Genomes 2. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85996-029-5.
Gibson G, Muse SV (2004). A Primer of Genome Science . Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Assoc. ISBN 978-0-87893-234-4.
Gregory TR (2005). The Evolution of the Genome. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-301463-4.
Reece RJ (2004). Analysis of Genes and Genomes. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-84379-6.
Saccone C, Pesole G (2003). Handbook of Comparative Genomics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-39128-9.
Werner E (thang 12 nam 2003). "In silico multicellular systems biology and minimal genomes". Drug Discovery Today. Quyen 8 so 24. tr. 1121–27. doi:10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02918-0. PMID 14678738.


Hinh anh Nguon trich dan Lien ket ngoai UCSC Genome Browser – view the genome and annotations for more than 80 organisms.
genomecenter.howard.edu
Build a DNA Molecule
Some comparative genome sizes
DNA Interactive: The History of DNA Science
DNA From The Beginning
All About The Human Genome Project—from Genome.gov
Animal genome size database
Plant genome size database
GOLD:Genomes OnLine Database
The Genome News Network
NCBI Entrez Genome Project database
NCBI Genome Primer
GeneCards—an integrated database of human genes
BBC News – Final genome 'chapter' published
IMG (The Integrated Microbial Genomes system)—for genome analysis by the DOE-JGI
GeKnome Technologies Next-Gen Sequencing Data Analysis—next-generation sequencing data analysis for Illumina and 454 Service from GeKnome Technologies.