Tieng Phap (le francais, IPA: [lə fʁɑsɛ]  hoac la langue francaise, IPA: [la lɑɡ fʁɑsɛz]) la mot ngon ngu Roman (thuoc he An-Au). Giong nhu tieng Y, Bo Đao Nha, Tay Ban Nha, Romania, Catalonia hay mot so khac, no xuat phat tu tieng Latinh binh dan, tung đuoc su dung o Đe quoc La Ma. Tieng Phap phat trien tu Gaul-Roman, loai tieng Latinh tai Gaul, hay chinh xac hon la tai Bac Gaul. Nhung ngon ngu gan gui nhat voi tieng Phap la cac langues d'oil—nhung thu tieng ma ve mat lich su tung đuoc noi o mien bac Phap va mien nam Bi. Tieng Phap đuoc anh huong boi cac ngon ngu Celt tai vung Gaul mien bac Roman (nhu tai Gallia Belgica) va boi tieng Frank (mot ngon ngu German) cua nguoi Frank. Ngay nay, co nhieu ngon ngu creole dua tren tieng Phap, đang chu y nhat la tieng Haiti. Cong đong nguoi noi tieng Phap (co the la mot nguoi hoac mot quoc gia) đuoc goi la "Francophone".
Tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc tai 29 quoc gia, đa phan la thanh vien cua la francophonie, mot cong đong quoc gia Phap ngu. No la ngon ngu thu nhat tai Phap, tinh Quebec cua Canada, mien tay Thuy Si, vung Wallonia tai Bi, Monaco, mot so phan nhat đinh khac cua Canada va Hoa Ky, va tai nhung cong đong Phap ngu nhieu noi. Toi nam 2015, 40% so nguoi francophone (gom ca nguoi noi L2) song o chau Au, 35% o chau Phi ha Sahara, 15% o Bac Phi va Trung Đong, 8% o chau My, 1% o chau A va chau Đai Duong.
Tieng Phap la tieng ban ngu cua nhieu nguoi thu tu trong Lien minh chau Au. 1/5 nguoi chau Au o vung phi Francophone noi tieng Phap. Do ket qua cua viec tao lap thuoc đia cua Phap va Bi tu the ky 17 va 18, ngon ngu nay đuoc đua đen chau Phi, chau My va chau A. Đa phan nguoi noi tieng Phap nhu ngon ngu thu hai song o chau Phi Francophone, đac biet la Gabon, Algerie, Mauritius, Senegal va Bo Bien Nga. Nam 2015, uoc tinh co 77 toi 110 trieu nguoi noi tieng Phap ban ngu, va 190 trieu nguoi noi tieng Phap nhu ngon ngu thu hai. Chung 270 trieu nguoi co kha nang noi ngon ngu nay. Theo du an cua Universite Laval va Reseau Demographie de l'Agence universitaire de la francophonie, tong luong nguoi noi tieng Phap se đat 500 trieu vao nam 2025 va 650 trieu vao nam 2050. Organisation internationale de la Francophonie uoc tinh 700 trieu nguoi vao nam 2050, 80% trong đo song o chau Phi.


Lich su Tieng Phap la mot ngon ngu Roman (tuc la co nguon goc tu tieng Latinh thong tuc) phat trien tu cac phuong ngu Gaul-Roman đuoc noi o mien bac nuoc Phap. Cac dang truoc đo cua ngon ngu bao gom tieng Phap co va tieng Phap Trung đai.


= Tieng Latinh thong tuc o Gaul =
Do su cai tri cua nguoi La Ma, cu dan Gaul dan dan bi đong hoa va su dung tieng Latinh thay tieng me đe va do vay, no phat trien mot so đac điem đia phuong rieng biet ve ngu phap so voi tieng Latinh đuoc noi o nhung noi khac. Giong đia phuong nay dan phat trien thanh cac ngon ngu Gaul-Roman, bao gom tieng Phap va cac ho hang gan nhat cua no, chang han nhu tieng Arpitan.
Su tien hoa cua tieng Latinh o Gaul đuoc đinh hinh qua hon nua thien nien ky boi tieng Gaul cua nguoi Celt ban đia, von khong tuyet chung cho đen cuoi the ky thu 6, rat lau sau su sup đo cua Đe quoc Tay La Ma. 90% dan so noi đay van co nguon goc ban đia do nguoi La Ma chi đua tang lop tinh hoa ban đia đa bi đong hoa len lam quan chu khong đong hoa toan bo cu dan Gaul. Vao thoi điem La Ma lui tan, tang lop tinh hoa đia phuong nay đa dan tu bo hoan toan tieng Gaul, nhung cac tang lop thap hon van noi tieng Gaul, đoi khi ho cung co the noi tieng Latinh hoac tieng Hy Lap. Su chuyen đoi ngon ngu cuoi cung tu Gaul sang Latinh thong tuc trong cac nhom dan cu nong thon va tang lop thap xay ra sau đo, khi ca ho va giai cap thong tri/quan đoi Frank su dung tieng Latinh Gaul-Roman thong tuc cua tang lop tri thuc thanh thi.
Tieng Gaul co the van ton tai cho đen the ky thu VI o ​​Phap, mac du đa bi La Ma hoa đang ke. Cung ton tai voi tieng Latinh, tieng Gaul đa giup đinh hinh cac phuong ngu Latinh thong tuc sau nay phat trien thanh tieng Phap, bao gom lop tu muon va tu dich sao phong, cac thay đoi ve am vi chiu anh huong cua tieng Gaul, va su chia đong tu va thu tu cau chiu anh huong cua tieng Gaul. Cac nghien cuu gan đay cho thay rang su thay đoi giong ngu phap ban đau co the đa đuoc thuc đay boi giong ngu phap cua cac tu tuong ung trong tieng Gaul.


= Tieng Phap thuong co =
Su khoi đau cua tieng Phap o Gaul con bi anh huong boi cac cuoc xam lang cua nguoi Đuc, co tac đong đang ke len phan phia bac Phap va ngon ngu o đo. Su tach nhanh ngon ngu bat đau xuat hien tren khap đat nuoc. Dan mien bac noi langue d'oil trong khi dan mien nam noi langue d'oc. Langue d'oil sau nay se phat trien thanh tieng Phap co. Thoi ky Phap Co keo dai tu the ky VIII đen the ky XIV. Tieng Phap co co nhieu điem tuong đong voi tieng Latinh. Vi du, tieng Phap co co trat tu tu co the đao cho nhau giong nhu tieng Latinh boi vi no co mot he thong cach ngu phap linh hoat. Tieng Phap thoi ki nay hap thu mot sieu lop tu vung (superstrate) tieng Frankan Giec-man, mot ty le lon tu vung (hien nay la khoang 15% tu vung tieng Phap hien đai) bao gom ca đai tu so it mao danh on (tu dich sao phong tu tieng Frank nghia la ta/nguoi đan ong/mot nguoi tuong đuong tu one trong tieng Anh) va ten cua chinh ngon ngu đo (frank).


= Tieng Phap trung co =
Trong tieng Phap co, nhieu phuong ngu đa xuat hien nhung phuong ngu Francien la tieng noi khong chi ke tuc ma con phat trien manh trong thoi ky Trung co Phap (the ky XIV-XVII). Tieng Phap hien đai phat trien tu phuong ngu Francien nay. Ve ngu phap, trong thoi ky Trung co Phap, bien cach danh tu giam dan va tieu bien roi co them nhung quy tac tieu chuan hoa. Robert Estienne đa xuat ban cuon tu đien Latinh-Phap đau tien, bao gom thong tin ve ngu am, tu nguyen va ngu phap. Ve chinh tri, chieu lenh Villers-Cotterets (1539) tuyen bo tieng Phap la ngon ngu cua luat phap.


= Tieng Phap hien đai =
Trong suot the ky XVII, tieng Phap  thay the tieng Latinh tro thanh ngon ngu quan trong nhat cua ngoai giao va quan he quoc te (lingua franca). No giu vai tro nay cho đen khoang giua the ky XX, khi no bi thay the boi tieng Anh khi Hoa Ky tro thanh cuong quoc thong tri toan cau sau chien tranh the gioi thu hai. Stanley Meisler cua to Los Angeles Times binh rang viec hiep uoc Versailles đuoc ky ket bang ca tieng Anh lan tieng Phap la "đon đanh ngoai giao đau tien" len ngon ngu nay.
Trong thoi ky Grand Siecle (the ky VII), duoi su cai tri cua cac nha lanh đao kiet xuat nhu Hong y Richelieu va Louis XIV, tieng Phap đa co mot thoi ky thinh vuong va noi bat đuoc cong nhan boi cac quoc gia chau Au. Richelieu thanh lap Academie francaise đe bao toan tieng Phap. Vao đau nhung nam 1800, tieng Phap giong Paris đa tro thanh ngon ngu chinh cua tang lop quy toc o Phap.
Gan đau the ky XIX, chinh phu Phap đua ra chinh sach xoa bo dan toc thieu so va cac ngon ngu đia phuong (patois) đuoc noi o Phap. Chinh sach nay bat đau vao nam 1794 voi "Bao cao ve su can thiet va phuong tien tieu diet patois va pho cap tieng Phap" cua Henri Gregoire. Giao duc cong lap bat buoc chi co tieng Phap đuoc dung đe giang day va viec su dung bat ky patois nao khac đeu bi trung phat. He thong Truong Cong lap đac biet cu cac giao vien Phap ngu đen day o cac vung nhu Occitania va Brittany. Chi du cua mot quan chuc Phap cho cac giao vien o departement Finistere, phia tay Brittany, bao gom nhung đieu sau: "Va hay nho rang, cac quy vi đuoc giao cho vi tri cua minh đe giet chet ngon ngu Breton". Tinh truong tinh Basses-Pyrenees Xu Basque thuoc Phap ghi lai vao nam 1846: "Cac truong hoc cua chung toi o Xu Basque chi co y đo la đe thay the tieng Basque bang tieng Phap..." Hoc sinh đuoc day rang ngon ngu to tien cua ho thap kem hon va ho nen xau ho ve chung; Qua trinh nay đuoc biet đen o vung noi tieng Occitan voi ten goi Vergonha.
Trong so cac nha cai cach lich su cua chinh ta Phap, nhu Louis Maigret, Marle M., Marcellin Berthelot, Philibert Monet, Jacques Peletier du Mans, va Somaize, ngay nay cai cach noi bat nhat đuoc đe xuat boi Mickael Korvin, mot nha ngon ngu hoc nguoi My goc Hungary. Ong muon loai bo dau trong am, chu cai cam, chu cai kep va hon the nua.


= Cac giai đoan =
Cac nha ngon ngu hoc chia su phat trien cua tieng Phap ra lam 4 giai đoan:

Tieng Phap Thuong co (ancien francais): Tu the ky thu 9 đen the ky thu 13, đien hinh boi cac van kien nhu Loi Tuyen the tai Strasbourg (843), Vie de Saint Leger (980), Chanson de Roland (1170), Brunain la vache au prestre (1165 va 1210),.... Tuy nhien co nhieu nha ngon ngu hoc cho rang tieng Phap dung trong the ky thu thu 9 (nhat la Loi Tuyen the tai Strasbourg) la mot loai tieng Roman tien than cua tieng Phap.
Tieng Phap Trung co (francais moyen): Tu the ky thu 14 đen the ky thu 16, đien hinh boi cac van kien nhu Les Enseignemenz (1304-1314), Lais ou le Petit Testament (1456),...
Tieng Phap Co đien (francais classique): Tu the ky thu 16 đen the ky thu 18, đien hinh boi cac van kien nhu Sonnets (1545-1555), Peau d’Ane (1694),.... Vao nam 1539, vua Francis I ra Đao lenh Villers-Cotterets tuyen bo tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc cua Phap. Vao nam 1634, Hong y Richelieu thanh lap Vien Han lam Phap (Academie francaise) đe thong nhat va bao ve tieng Phap.
Tieng Phap Can đai (francais moderne): Tu cuoi the ky thu 18 đen nay. The ky thu 18 va the ky thu 19 la thoi ky huy hoang cua tieng Phap vi hau het cac nha quy toc va cac hoang gia tai Au chau đeu co the noi tieng Phap, ngon ngu chinh trong cac lanh vuc van hoc va nghe thuat la tieng Phap; cho đen gan giua the ky thu 20 tieng Phap van con la tieng chinh trong lanh vuc ngoai giao.


Phan bo đia ly = Chau Au =

19,71% dan so Lien minh Chau Au su dung tieng Phap, đung thu ba o EU, sau tieng Anh va tieng Đuc va la ngon ngu đuoc giang day rong rai thu hai sau tieng Anh.
Theo Hien phap Cong hoa Phap, tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc cua nuoc Phap tu nam 1992, mac du chieu lenh Villers-Cotterets đa quy đinh tieng Phap la bat buoc đoi voi cac van ban phap luat ke tu nam 1539.
O Bi, tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc o cap lien bang cung voi tieng Ha Lan va tieng Đuc. O cap đo đia phuong, tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc duy nhat cua Wallonia (ngoai tru mot phan Eupen-Malmedy, la vung noi tieng Đuc) va la mot trong hai ngon ngu chinh thuc — cung voi tieng Ha Lan — cua Vung thu đo Brussels, noi co gan 80% nguoi noi L1.
Tieng Phap la mot trong bon ngon ngu chinh thuc cua Thuy Si, cung voi tieng Đuc, tieng Y va tieng Romansh, va đuoc noi o mien tay cua Thuy Si, đuoc goi la Romandy, trong đo Geneva la thanh pho lon nhat. Cac phan khu ngon ngu o Thuy Si khong trung voi cac phan khu chinh tri va mot so bang cho phep song ngu: vi du, cac thanh pho nhu Biel/Bienne va cac bang Valais, Fribourg va Berne. Tieng Phap la ngon ngu me đe cua khoang 23% dan so Thuy Si, va đuoc noi boi 50% dan so.
Cung voi tieng Luxembourg va tieng Đuc, tieng Phap la mot trong ba ngon ngu chinh thuc cua Luxembourg va la ngon ngu chu đao dung trong doanh nghiep cung nhu cua cac co quan hanh chinh khac nhau. No cung la ngon ngu chinh thuc cua Monaco.
O cap đo khu vuc, tieng Phap đuoc thua nhan la ngon ngu chinh thuc o vung Thung lung Aosta cua Y, noi no la ngon ngu đau tien cua khoang 30% dan so, trong khi cac phuong ngu tieng Phap van đuoc cac dan toc thieu so tren Quan đao Channel su dung. No cung đuoc noi o Andorra va la ngon ngu chinh sau tieng Catalan o El Pas de la Casa. Tieng Phap la ngon ngu thu hai đuoc day chu đao tu bac mau giao o vung Saarland cua Đuc va hon 43% cong dan co the noi tieng Phap.


= Chau Phi =

Phan lon dan so noi tieng Phap tren the gioi song o Chau Phi. Theo uoc tinh nam 2018 tu To chuc Internationale de la Francophonie, co khoang 141 trieu nguoi chau Phi đen tu 34 quoc gia va vung lanh tho [Ghi chu 1] co the noi tieng Phap nhu ngon ngu thu nhat hoac thu hai. Con so nay khong bao gom nhung nguoi song o cac nuoc chau Phi khong thuoc cong đong Phap ngu (francophone) hoc tieng Phap nhu ngoai ngu. Do su gia tang cua tieng Phap o chau Phi, tong dan so noi tieng Phap tren toan the gioi du kien ​​se đat 700 trieu nguoi vao nam 2050. Tieng Phap la ngon ngu phat trien nhanh nhat tren luc đia nay (xet ve ca ngon ngu chinh thuc va ngoai ngu). Tieng Phap la ngon ngu thu hai chu yeu o Chau Phi, nhung no đa tro thanh ngon ngu thu nhat o mot so khu vuc thanh thi, chang han nhu vung Abidjan, Bo Bien Nga[55] va o Libreville, Gabon. Khong co phuong ngu chinh thuc goc Phi nao, ma co nhieu dang khac nhau do tiep xuc voi cac ngon ngu ban đia khac nhau cua chau Phi.
Chau Phi Ha Sahara la khu vuc ma tieng Phap co kha nang lan toa nhat, vi su mo rong cua giao duc va su gia tang dan so nhanh chong. Chau Phi cung la noi Phap ngu phat trien manh nhat trong nhung nam gan đay. Mot so dang ban ngu cua tieng Phap o chau Phi co the kho hieu đoi voi nhung nguoi noi tieng Phap tu cac quoc gia khac, nhung cac dang viet cua ngon ngu nay co lien quan rat chat che voi nhung dang con lai cua the gioi noi tieng Phap.


= Chau My =

Tieng Phap la ngon ngu pho bien thu hai o Canada, sau tieng Anh, va ca hai đeu la ngon ngu chinh thuc o cap lien bang. No la ngon ngu đau tien cua 9,5 trieu nguoi hoac 29% va la ngon ngu thu hai cua 2,07 trieu nguoi hoac 6% toan bo dan so Canada. Tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc duy nhat o tinh Quebec, la tieng me đe cua khoang 7 trieu nguoi, hay gan 80% (Đieu tra dan so nam 2006) cua tinh. Khoang 95% dan Quebec noi tieng Phap nhu ngon ngu thu nhat hoac thu hai, đoi khi la ngon ngu thu ba. Quebec bao gom ca thanh pho Montreal, la thanh pho noi tieng Phap lon thu 4 the gioi, tinh theo so nguoi noi ngon ngu đau tien. New Brunswick va Manitoba la cac tinh song ngu chinh thuc duy nhat, mac du song ngu đay đu chi đuoc ban hanh o New Brunswick, noi co khoang mot phan ba dan so noi tieng Phap. Tieng Phap cung la ngon ngu chinh thuc cua tat ca cac lanh tho (Lanh tho Tay Bac, Nunavut va Yukon). Trong so ba vung lanh tho, Yukon co nhieu nguoi noi tieng Phap nhat, chi chiem duoi 4% dan so. Hon nua, mac du tieng Phap khong phai la ngon ngu chinh thuc o Ontario, nhung Đao luat Dich vu Ngon ngu Phap đam bao rang cac dich vu cua tinh bang se đuoc cung cap bang ngon ngu nay. Đao luat ap dung cho cac khu vuc cua tinh noi co cong đong Phap ngu đang ke, cu the la Đong Ontario va Bac Ontario. O nhung noi khac, cac dan toc thieu so noi tieng Phap kha lon đuoc tim thay o mien nam Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Đao Prince Edward va Ban đao Port au Port o Newfoundland va Labrador, noi phuong ngu Phap Newfoundland tung đuoc noi trong lich su. Nhung cong đong noi tieng Phap nho hon ton tai o tat ca cac tinh khac.

Theo Cuc đieu tra dan so Hoa Ky (2011), tieng Phap la ngon ngu thu tu đuoc su dung nhieu nhat o Hoa Ky sau tieng Anh, tieng Tay Ban Nha va tieng Trung Quoc, neu coi tat ca phuong ngu cua tieng Phap va cac ngon ngu tieng Trung la mot. Tieng Phap van la ngon ngu đuoc su dung nhieu thu hai o cac bang Louisiana, Maine, Vermont va New Hampshire. Louisiana la noi co nhieu phuong ngu rieng biet, đuoc goi chung la tieng Phap Louisiana. Theo Đieu tra dan so Hoa Ky nam 2000, co hon 194.000 nguoi o Louisiana noi tieng Phap o nha, nhieu nhat o bat ky tieu bang nao neu loai tru tieng Creole Phap. Tieng Phap New England, ve co ban la mot bien the cua tieng Phap Canada, đuoc su dung o cac vung cua New England. Tieng Phap Missouri tung đuoc noi o Missouri va Illinois (truoc đay goi la Thuong Louisiana), nhung ngay nay gan nhu tuyet chung. Tieng Phap cung cung đuoc dung le te doc theo Bo bien Vinh cua vung truoc đay la Ha Louisiana thuoc Phap, chang han nhu Đao Mon Louis, Alabama va DeLisle, Mississippi nhung nhung phuong ngu nay đang bi đe doa nghiem trong hoac đa tuyet chung.
Tieng Phap la mot trong hai ngon ngu chinh thuc cua Haiti. No la ngon ngu chinh cua van ban, giang day va hanh chinh. No la tieng noi cua tat ca nguoi Haiti co hoc thuc va đuoc su dung trong linh vuc kinh doanh. No cung đuoc su dung cho cac su kien nghi le nhu đam cuoi, le tot nghiep va thanh le nha tho. Khoang 70–80% dan so cua đat nuoc dung tieng Creole Haiti nhu tieng me đe; so con lai noi tieng Phap nhu ngon ngu thu nhat. Ngon ngu chinh thuc thu hai la tieng Creole Haiti đa đuoc chuan hoa gan đay, ma hau nhu toan bo dan so Haiti đeu noi. Tieng Creole Haiti la mot trong nhung ngon ngu creole dua tren tieng Phap, lay phan lon tu vung tu tieng Phap, voi nhung anh huong tu cac ngon ngu Tay Phi, cung nhu mot so ngon ngu chau Au. Haiti Creole co lien quan chat che voi Louisiana Creole va creole tu Lesser Antilles.
Tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc cua Guiana thuoc Phap o Nam My, va cua Saint Pierre va Miquelon, mot quan đao ngoai khoi Newfoundland, Bac My.


= Chau Đai Duong =
Phap co cac lanh tho hai ngoai o chau Đai Duong la Wallis va Futuna, Nouvelle-Caledonie va Polynesie thuoc Phap, nen đuong nhien o nhung noi nay thi tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc.


= Chau A =
Trai nguoc voi cac chau luc khac, tieng Phap khong co su pho bien o chau A. Hien nay khong co quoc gia nao o chau A cong nhan tieng Phap la ngon ngu chinh thuc. Thuoc đia cua Đe quoc thuc dan Phap tai chau A truoc kia chi co Liban, Syria, Campuchia, Lao, Viet Nam. Vi vay tieng Phap cung chi đuoc su dung xung quanh cac quoc gia nay. Ngoai tru Viet Nam thi cac quoc gia ke tren coi tieng Phap nhu mot ngon ngu thieu so va co in quoc hieu bang tieng Phap tren ho chieu.

Tuy Viet Nam tung la thuoc đia cua Phap va hien nay la thanh vien cua Cong đong Phap ngu, tieng Phap tai Viet Nam đa mat vi the va hien nay chi đuoc coi la ngoai ngu phu voi đo pho bien la cuc it. Nguoi Viet tre đang theo xu huong su dung tieng Anh lam ngoai ngu chinh va dung tu ngoai lai/ tu muon tieng Anh nhieu hon so voi nguoi Viet the he truoc kia thuong dung tu muon tieng Phap. Cac bien hieu, thong bao o Viet Nam thuong dung phu đe ngoai ngu la tieng Anh. Su tang cuong đau tu va hop tac kinh te voi su pho bien cua phuong tien van hoa cua cac nuoc va lanh tho Đong A tu Trung Quoc, Hong Kong, Đai Loan, Han Quoc, Nhat Ban, cung nhu viec Viet Nam von la quoc gia co nen tang van hoa tuong đong thuoc vung van hoa Đong A, giup cho tieng Trung (Quan thoai va Quang Đong), tieng Han, tieng Nhat vuot qua tieng Phap đe tro thanh nhung ngoai ngu co muc đo pho bien tuong đoi kha o Viet Nam chi sau tieng Anh.


Cac loai va cac giong tieng Phap Tieng Phap tai Acadia (New Brunswick hoac Nouveau-Brunswick)
Giong Cajun (Louisiana)
Tieng Phap tai Bi
Giong Wallon
Tieng Phap tai Canada
Tieng Phap tai Đong Duong
Tieng Phap tai Maghreb
Tieng Phap tai Phap
Giong Breton
Giong Gascon
Giong Lyon
Giong Marseille
Giong Normand
Giong Paris
Giong Picard
Giong Provence
Tieng Phap tai chau Phi
Tieng Phap tai Quebec
Giong Lac Saint Jean
Giong Gaspesie
Giong Montreal
Giong Thanh pho Quebec
Tieng Phap tai Thuy Si


Ngu phap Ngu phap tieng Phap mang đac điem cua nhom ngon ngu Roman la mot ngon ngu bien to. Cac danh tu gom 2 giong: cai (feminin) va đuc (masculin) va đuoc hop theo so luong; cac tinh tu đuoc hop theo giong va so luong. Cac đong tu đuoc chia theo cac ngoi va phu thuoc vao trang thai cua chu ngu đe phan loai va chia cung voi cac tro đong tu (etre hay avoir) o cac thoi kep.


Orthographe du Francais (Chinh ta tieng Phap) = L'alphabet (bang chu cai) =
Cung giong nhu mot so ngon ngu khac o chau Au, tieng Phap su dung bang chu cai Latin. Bang chu cai tieng Phap bao gom 26 chu cai, đo la

Trong đo, chu ⟨w⟩ va ⟨k⟩ rat it khi su dung trong tieng Phap (khong tinh ten nguoi), chung đuoc tim thay trong cac tu muon nuoc ngoai nhu week-end (tu tieng Anh la weekend), ⟨k⟩ thuong đuoc tim thay trong cac tu co tien to la kilo nhu kilometre, kilogramme, kilohertz...


= Diacritique (He thong "thanh dau") =
Khac voi tieng Anh, tu ngu tieng Phap co the co them dau vi du nhu derniere, chateau, creation.. etc. Duoi đay la bang he thong dau cau, ten goi va cach phat am

Ngoai ra con co dau luoc (apostrophe) nhu c'est, l'hiver va dau gach ngang (trait d'union) nhu grands-parents, plate-forme...


= Ligature (Chu noi) =
Trong tieng Phap, co hai ligature đien hinh la Æ/æ (hinh thanh khi ⟨ae⟩ viet cung voi nhau) va Œ/œ (hinh thanh khi ⟨oe⟩ viet cung voi nhau).⟨æ⟩ đuoc dung trong nhung tu co nguon goc tu Latin hay Hy Lap nhu tænia, ex æquo, cæcum.... Con〈 Œ 〉 su dung rong rai trong cac tu nhu œuf, œuvre, cœur, sœur...


Vi du Xem them Cac chung chi đanh gia trinh đo tieng Phap: DELF, DALF, TCF Luu tru ngay 14 thang 7 nam 2022 tai Wayback Machine,TEF Luu tru ngay 14 thang 7 nam 2022 tai Wayback Machine


Tham khao Lien ket ngoai Alliance francaise
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