Varian Mackey Fry (15.10.1907 – 13.9.1967) la mot nha bao Hoa Ky va la nguoi đieu khien mot mang luoi giai cuu nhung nguoi Do Thai va nhung nguoi chong Đuc Quoc xa duoi thoi chinh phu Vichy o Phap. Co khoang tu 2.000 toi 4.000 nguoi đa đuoc Fry cuu thoat khoi Holocaust va khoi bi Đuc Quoc xa truy hai.


Thoi nien thieu vien chua tot nghiep o Đai hoc Harvard, ong cung voi Lincoln Kirstein đa lap ra to Hound & Horn, mot tap chi van hoc đay anh huong xuat ban hang quy. Ong ket hon voi Eileen, em (chi) cua Kirstein. Ong tot nghiep Đai hoc Harvard nam 1931.
Khi lam thong tin vien nuoc ngoai cho to bao Hoa Ky The Living Age, Fry đa toi tham Berlin nam 1935 va đa hon mot lan đich than chung kien viec Đuc Quoc xa hanh ha nguoi Do Thai, nen ong muon giup đo nhung nguoi bi bach hai.
Qua lo ngai ve nhung gi đa chung kien, ong đa giup quyen gop tien đe ho tro nhung phong trao chong Quoc xa cua chau Au. Sau khi Đuc Quoc xa chiem đong Phap trong thang 8 nam 1940, ong toi Marseille lam đai dien cho "Uy ban cap cuu" moi đuoc thanh lap nham no luc giup nhung nguoi muon chay tron Đuc Quoc xa. Fry co 3.000 dollar va mot danh sach ngan nhung nguoi ty nan sap bi mat vu Gestapo bat. Nhung nha van chong Quoc xa, nhung nghe si tien phong, nhung nhac si, nhung nha tri thuc cung hang tram nguoi khac trong tam trang tuyet vong đa đen go cua nha ong tim kiem co may đe tron khoi Phap.
Mot so nguoi sau đo thu nhan la ho nghi rang đo la mot phep la khi mot tin đo Tin Lanh My da trang đa lieu minh đe giup đo ho.


Uy ban cap cuu Bat đau tu nam 1940, bat chap con mat canh giac cua chinh phu Vichy hop tac voi Đuc Quoc xa, Fry va mot nhom nho cac nguoi tinh nguyen đa giau nhieu nguoi trong Biet thu Air-Bel o Marseille cho toi khi co the len lut đua ho ra khoi Phap. Tren 2.200 nguoi đa đuoc đua qua day nui Pyrenees sang Tay Ban Nha roi sang noi an toan Bo Đao Nha la nuoc trung lap, đe tu đay ho đi sang Hoa Ky.
Ong cung giup nhung nguoi khac tron len cac tau thuy đi tu Marseille toi Martinique thuoc đia cua Phap, va tu đay ho cung co the đi sang Hoa Ky. Trong so nhung nguoi cong su than can nhat cua Fry co cac nguoi My Miriam Davenport, mot cuu sinh vien nghe thuat o Sorbonne, va nguoi thua ke gia tai Mary Jayne Gold, mot nguoi yeu nghe thuat va "đoi song tot đep" đa toi Paris trong đau thap nien 1930.
Khi Đuc Quoc xa chiem Phap nam 1940, Gold xuong Marseille, lam viec chung voi Fry va giup đo tai chinh cho hoat đong cua Fry. Cong tac voi Fry con co nha giao đai hoc tre ten Albert O. Hirschman, nguoi sau nay co mot su nghiep noi bat o Hoa Ky.
Đac biet la Hiram Bingham IV, Pho lanh su Hoa Ky o Marseille đa cap cac thi thuc nhap canh (visa) cho cac nghe si, cac nha tri thuc va nguoi bat đong chinh kien trong danh sach cua Fry, chong lai chu truong trung lap cua Bo Ngoai giao Hoa Ky thoi đo. Ong chiu trach nhiem ca nhan ve hang ngan visa cap phat, ca hop phap lan bat hop phap.
Tu vi tri co lap o Marseille, Varian Fry đa dua vao Unitarian Service Committee o Lisbon đe giup cho nhung nguoi ty nan ma ong gui toi. Co quan nay, duoi su chi đao cua Robert Dexter, đa giup cac nguoi ty nan đuoc an toan trong khi cho đoi visa cung nhung giay to can thiet khac, va tim tau thuy cho ho roi Lisbon.
Sau 13 thang lam viec o Marseilles, thang 8 nam 1941 theo yeu cau cua Đai su quan Hoa Ky ben canh chinh phu Vichy, canh sat Phap đa bat va truc xuat ong ve Hoa Ky ngay 16.9.1941.
Mot so trong nhung nguoi đuoc Fry cuu giup:

Nam 1942, "Uy ban cap cuu" va chi nhanh Hoa Ky cua International Relief Association co can cu o chau Au đa hop nhat duoi ten International Relief and Rescue Committee, sau nay viet van tat thanh International Rescue Committee (Uy ban cuu nguy quoc te). Uy ban Cuu nguy quoc te la mot to chuc cuu nguy va phat trien quoc te phi chinh phu, khong be phai hang đau ngay nay van con hoat đong.
Khi tro ve Hoa Ky, nam 1945 Fry đa xuat ban quyen sach noi ve thoi gian hoat đong o Phap cua ong nhan đe Surrender on Demand. Nam 1968, nha xuat ban Hoa Ky Scholastic (ma thi truong chu yeu la tre em va thanh thieu nien) đa xuat ban mot an ban bia mem duoi ten Assignment: Rescue, va sau đo cac ban in lai mang ca hai nhan đe tren.
Ong noi va viet phe phan cac chinh sach nhap cu cua Hoa Ky, đac biet lien quan toi van đe van menh cua nhung nguoi Do Thai o chau Au. Trong so bao The New Republic xuat ban thang 12 nam 1942, ong đa viet mot bai gay gat mang ten: "The Massacre of Jews in Europe" (Cuoc tham sat nhung nguoi Do Thai o chau Au).
Mac du nam 1942 Fry đa cham dut hoat đong cho "Uy ban cap cuu", nhung cac nha cuu nguy tu nhan My thua nhan rang chuong trinh hoat đong cua Fry tai Phap la duy nhat co hieu qua, nen nam 1944 đa tuyen dung Fry đe đua ra huong dan o hau truong cho chuong trinh cuu nguy đot pha sau nay cua War Refugee Board (Ban nguoi ty nan chien tranh) thuoc chinh phu Roosevelt.


Vinh du Nam 1967, chinh phu Phap đa trao tang Fry Bac Đau Boi tinh (hang Chevalier) đe cong nhan su đong gop vao nen tu do cua ong.
Nam 1980 Mary Jayne Gold xuat ban quyen Crossroads Marseilles 1940 đa khoi day su chu y toi Fry va nhung no luc anh hung cua ong.
Đuoc biet đen nhu Oskar Schindler cua My, nam 1995 Varian Fry tro thanh cong dan Hoa Ky đau tien đuoc ghi ten vao danh sach Righteous among the Nations (nguoi cong chinh giua cac dan toc) o Đai tuong niem Holocaust, Yad Vashem cua Israel (nam 2006, cac nguoi Hoa Ky khac la Waitstill Sharp va Martha Sharp đuoc đua them vao danh sach tren).
Ngay 1.1.1998 ong đuoc trao them vinh du "Commemorative Citizenship of the State of Israel" (Chuc cong dan đe tuong niem cua Nha nuoc Israel).
Theo sang kien cua Samuel V. Brock - Tong lanh su Hoa Ky tai Marseille tu nam 1999 toi 2002 - quang truong o truoc mat Lanh su quan Hoa Ky đuoc đat ten lai la Quang truong Varian Fry.
Mot đuong pho trong khu moi kien thiet o Đong/Tay buc tuong Berlin tai khu Mitte at Potsdamer Platz đuoc đat ten la Varian-Fry-Straße (đuong pho Varian Fry) đe nhin nhan viec lam cua ong.
Nam 2005, mot đuong pho o đo thi que huong ong Ridgewood, New Jersey đuoc đat ten lai la Varian Fry Way.


Phim ve Varian Fry Assignment: Rescue (ten khac: The Story of Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee) (1997) tren IMDb 
Villa Air Bel - Varian Fry in Marseille 1940/41 tren IMDb 
Varian Fry: The Artists' Schindler tren IMDb 
Nam 1997, đao dien đien anh nguoi Ireland David Kerr đa lam mot phim tai lieu nhan đe Varian Fry: The America's Schindler (Varian Fry: (Oskar) Schindler cua Hoa Ky) do nam dien vien Sean Barrett binh luan. Truyen ve Fry cung đuoc đua len phim nam 2001 khi Barbra Streisand đong san xuat phim truyen hinh Varian's War, do Lionel Chetwynd viet kich ban va đao dien voi William Hurt va Julia Ormond đong vai chinh.
Nam 2010 Pierre Sauvage lam phim tai lieu And Crown Thy God. Varian Fry in Marseille.


Tac pham Fry, Varian, Surrender on Demand, first published by Random House, 1945. Later edition published by Johnson Books, in 1997 in conjunction with the U.S. Holocaust Museum.
War in China: America's role in the Far East. With maps and charts by Henry Adams Grant, Foreign Policy Association, New York 1938
War atlas: a handbook of maps and facts. Foreign Policy Association, New York 1940
The peace that failed: how Europe sowed the seeds of war. Foreign policy Association, New York 1939


Sach viet ve Varian Fry Grunwald-Spier, Agnes, The Other Schindlers: Why Some People Chose to Save Jews in the Holocaust, The History Press, 2010. ISBN 978 07524 5706 2
Isenberg, Sheila, "A Hero of Our Own", (Random House 2001), is a comprehensive and well-written biography of Fry's life.
Jaffee McCabe, Cynthia, "Wanted by the Gestapo: Saved by America – Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee" 79-91 in Jarrell C. Jackman (editor) and Carla M. Borden (editor) The Musses Flee Hitler: Cultural Transfer and Adaptation 1930-1945 (Smithsonian, 1983)
Marino, Andy, A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry,
St. Martin's Press, 1999, 403 pp. (review Luu tru ngay 27 thang 10 nam 2008 tai Wayback Machine)
Macmillan, 2000, 416 pp.,,ISBN 0312267673
Richards, Tad, The Virgil Directive, a novel, (Fawcett, 1982) was based on Fry's work in Marseilles.
Subak, Susan Elisabeth, Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers who Defied the Nazis, University of Nebraska Press, 2010, 342 pp. [1]
Sullivan, Rosemary, Villa Air-Bel, An account of Fry's work set in its political and historical context, published in 2006 by HarperCollins.
Karen J. Greenberg (Hrsg.): Columbia University Library, New York. The Varian Fry Papers, the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter papers. Nha xuat ban. Garland, New York NY 1990, ISBN 0-8240-5487-3 (Archives of the Holocaust 5).
La Liste noire, 1999, Plon ISBN 2259189725 (tieng Phap).
"Livrer sur demande...", Quand les artistes, les dissidents et les Juifs fuyaient les nazis (Marseille, 1940-1941), nouvelle edition revue et augmentee de La Liste noire, Editions Agone, Marseille, 2008 ISBN 2748900871 (tieng Phap).
Mary Jayne Gold, Marseille, annees 1940, Phebus, 2001 ISBN 2752902018 (tieng Phap).
Michel Tremblay, Varian Fry et les candidats a l'exil, catalogue de l'exposition de la Galerie d'art du Conseil general des Bouches-du-Rhones a Aix-en-Provence (12 janvier-11 avril 1999), Actes Sud, Arles, 1999 ISBN 2742721223 (tieng Phap)
Daniel Benedite, La filiere marseillaise, ed. Clancier-Guenaud, 1984, 351 p. (tieng Phap)
Emmanuelle Loyer, Paris a New York - Intellectuels et artistes francais en exil 1940-1947, Grasset 2005reedite, "Pluriel", Hachette Litterature, 2007 (tieng Phap)


Tham khao va Chu thich Lien ket ngoai [2] Article about Fry at the US Holocaust Museum
Varian Fry Institute
A Tribute to Varian Fry from Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project
online biography retrieved Feb. 15, 2008
Award-winning biography for young readers. IN DEFIANCE OF HITLER: The Secret Mission of Varian Fry Luu tru ngay 17 thang 4 nam 2009 tai Wayback Machine
Hinh nam 1941: Varian Fry (ben phai) voi Max Ernst, Jacqueline Lamba, Andre Masson va Andre Breton (Ban Cap cuu o Marseilles nam 1941)
„The smugglers of Poets and Thinkers", Die Welt online, 22. November 2007
(tieng Phap) Varian Fry a Marseille par Pierre Sauvage
(tieng Phap) Varian Fry-France, site officiel