Cong hoa Firenze (tieng Y: Repubblica Fiorentina, phat am la [reˈpubblika fjorenˈtiːna]), la mot nha nuoc Trung co va Can đai, voi trung tam la thanh pho Firenze thuoc vung Toscana, Y ngay nay. Nen cong hoa bat đau tu nam 1115, khi nguoi dan Florence noi day chong lai Phien ba quoc Toscana sau cai chet cua Matilda xu Tosscana (Hoang toc Canossa), nguoi kiem soat cac vung lanh tho rong lon bao gom ca Florence. Nguoi Florence đa thanh lap mot cong xa thay cho su cai tri the tuc cua Nha Canossa. Nuoc cong hoa đuoc cai tri boi mot hoi đong đuoc goi la Signoria cua Florence. Signoria đuoc chon ra boi gonfaloniere (nguoi cai tri chinh thuc cua thanh pho), nguoi đuoc cac Phuong hoi cua Florence bau chon 2 thang mot lan.
Nuoc cong hoa co mot lich su day đac ve cac cuoc đao chinh va phan đao chinh chong lai cac phe phai khac nhau. Phe Medici gianh đuoc quyen cai tri thanh pho vao nam 1434 duoi thoi Cosimo de' Medici. Nha Medici giu quyen kiem soat Florence cho đen nam 1494. Giovanni de 'Medici (sau nay la Giao hoang Leo X) tai chinh phuc nuoc cong hoa vao nam 1512.
Florence phan khang lai su cai tri cua Nha Medici lan thu 2 vao nam 1527, trong Chien tranh cua Lien đoan Cognac. Nguoi Nha Medici tai lap quyen cai tri cua ho vao nam 1531 sau cuoc vay ham thanh pho keo dai 11 thang voi su ho tro cua Karl V cua Thanh che La Ma. Vi Giao hoang đuong nhiem luc bay gio la Clemente VII cung la nguoi Nha Medici, ong đa bo nhiem Alessandro de' Medici lam Cong tuoc đau tien cua Cong hoa Florence, tu đo chuyen đoi nen cong hoa tai Florence thanh Che đo quan chu cha truyen con noi.
Vi cong tuoc thu 2 cua Florence la Cosimo I đa cho thanh lap mot luc luong hai quan hung manh va mo rong lanh tho cua minh bang cach chinh phuc Cong hoa Siena. Nam 1569, Giao hoang tuyen bo Cosimo I cua Florence tro thanh Đai cong tuoc cua Toscana. Nha Medici cai tri Đai cong quoc Toscana cho đen nam 1737.


Boi canh Thanh pho Florence đuoc thanh lap vao nam 59 truoc cong nguyen boi Julius Caesar. Ke tu nam 846 sau cong nguyen, thanh pho la mot phan cua Cong quoc Toscana, sau cai chet cua Nu hau quoc Matilda cua Toscana vao nam 1115, nguoi dan Florence khong con chiu than phuc nguoi ke vi cua ba la Rabodo (1116 - 1119), nguoi đa tu tran trong mot tran chien nham đanh chiem lai Florence.
Nguoi ta khong biet chinh xac khi nao Florence thanh lap chinh phu cong hoa, mac du cai chet cua Rabodo vao nam 1119 chinh la mot buoc ngoat quan trong. Cac thu tich lan đau tien đuoc nhac đen cai ten Cong hoa Florence la vao nam 1138, khi mot so thanh pho xung quanh Toscana thanh lap lien minh chong lai Henry X cua Bayern. Florence tren danh nghia la mot phan cua Đe che La Ma Than thanh.
Theo mot nghien cuu đuoc thuc hien boi Enrico Faini đen tu Đai hoc Florence, co khoang 15 gia đinh quy toc cu chuyen đen Florence tu nam 1000 đen nam 1100: Amidei; Ardinghi; Brunelleschi; Buondelmonti; Caponsacchi; Donati; Fifanti; Gherardini cua Montagliari; Guidi; Nerli; Porcelli; Sacchetti; Scolari; Uberti; va Visdomini.


Đoc them Đai cong quoc Toscana
Phuong hoi cua Florence


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Fletcher, Catherine (2016). The Black Prince of Florence: The Spectacular Life and Treacherous World of Alessandro de' Medici. Bodley Head.
Goudriaan, Elisa (2018). Florentine Patricians and Their Networks: Structures Behind the Cultural Success and the Political Representation of the Medici Court (1600-1660). Brill.
Hale, John Rigby (2001) [1977]. Florence and the Medici. ISBN 1-84212-456-0.
Hattendorf, John B.; Unger, Richard W., bien tap (2003). War at Sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Boydell Press.
Landon, William J. (2013). Lorenzo di Filippo Strozzi and Niccolo Machiavelli. University of Toronto Press.
Langdon, Gabrielle (2006). Medici Women: Portraits of Power, Love and Betrayal from the Court of Duke Cosimo I. University of Toronto Press.
Najemy, John M. (2006). A history of Florence 1200-1575. ISBN 978-1-4051-1954-2.
Strathern, Paul (2007) [2003]. The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance. tr. 321. ISBN 978-0-099-52297-3.
van Veen, Henk Th. (2013). Cosimo I De' Medici and His Self-Representation in Florentine Art and Culture. Cambridge University Press.


Lien ket ngoai Pbs.org: Medicis and the Republic of Florence
The Florentine school of the Renaissance