Chu Latinh, con goi la chu La Ma, la tap hop bao gom hai loai chu cai sau:

Cac chu cai ban đau đuoc dung đe viet tieng Latinh, ve sau con đuoc dung đe viet cac ngon ngu khac ngoai tieng Latinh. Phan lon cac chu cai co trong chu Quoc ngu, chang han nhu ba chu cai a, b, c, la chu cai thuoc loai nay.
Cac chu cai khac đuoc su dung ket hop voi cac chu cai thuoc loai đau. Chu Quoc ngu chua bay chu cai thuoc loai thu hai nay la a, a, đ, e, o, o, u.
Chu Latinh la loai van tu chu cai đuoc su dung rong rai nhat tren the gioi hien nay.


Lich su Cung voi su banh truong cua Đe quoc La Ma, chu Latinh cung tieng Latinh cung mo rong tu ban đao Y sang cac vung lan can ben bo Đia Trung Hai. Cho đen cuoi the ky XV, chu Latinh đa pho bien khap Tay, Bac va Trung Au, chi co Đong va Nam Au van tiep tuc su dung chu Kirin. O giai đoan sau, cung voi qua trinh thuc dan hoa cua cac quoc gia chau Au, chu Latinh bat đau xuat hien tren khap the gioi, tu chau My, chau Đai Duong, chau Phi va mot phan chau A.


Bang chu cai Latinh = Nguyen ban bang chu cai =


= Bang chu cai Latinh mo rong =
Chu Latinh đuoc đieu chinh lai cho thich hop đe dung trong cac ngon ngu khac, thinh thoang la nham the hien am vi khong co trong ngon ngu khac đuoc viet bang chu Latinh. Vi le đo ma nguoi ta tao ra cac cach viet moi đe ghi cac am nay, thong qua viec them dau phu len cac chu cai co san, ghep nhieu chu cai lai voi nhau, sang tao ra chu cai moi hoan toan hoac gan mot chuc nang đac biet do mot bo đoi hoac bo ba chu cai. Vi tri cua cac chu cai moi nay trong bang chu cai co the khac nhau, tuy thuoc tung ngon ngu.


= Bang chu cai Latinh va tieu chuan quoc te =
Vao khoang thap nien 1960, cac nganh cong nghiep may vi tinh va vien thong o cac quoc gia phat trien đoi hoi mot phuong phap ma hoa ky tu đuoc su dung tu do. To chuc tieu chuan hoa quoc te (ISO) đa tom luoc bang chu cai Latinh vao tieu chuan ISO/IEC 646 va dua tren cach su dung pho bien nham muc đich pho bien rong rai tieu chuan nay. Do Hoa Ky chiem vi tri thuong ton trong ca hai nganh cong nghiep tren nen tieu chuan ISO nay đuoc xay dung dua tren Chuan ma trao đoi thong tin Hoa Ky (tuc ASCII, bo ky tu dung cho 26 × 2 chu cai cua bang chu cai tieng Anh). Ve sau, cac tieu chuan nhu ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode Latinh) van tiep tuc dung bo 26 × 2 chu cai cua bang chu cai tieng Anh lam bang chu ky Latinh can ban, đong thoi co mo rong đe xu ly đuoc nhung chu cai trong cac ngon ngu khac.


Chu cai Latinh moi hoan toan Mot so vi du ve chu cai Latinh moi hoan toan so voi chu cai Latinh chuan la cac chu cai wynn ⟨Ƿ/ƿ⟩ va thorn ⟨Þ/þ⟩ cua bang chu cai Runic, cung nhu chu cai eth ⟨Đ/ð⟩ đuoc them vao bang chu cai tieng Anh co.
Mot so ngon ngu Tay, Trung va Nam Phi dung mot vai chu cai bo tro co cach phat am giong voi ky hieu ngu am tuong đuong trong bang ky hieu ngu am quoc te. Chang han, tieng Adangme dung cac chu cai ⟨Ɛ/ɛ⟩ va ⟨Ɔ/ɔ⟩; tieng Ga dung ⟨Ɛ/ɛ⟩, ⟨Ŋ/ŋ⟩ va ⟨Ɔ/ɔ⟩. Tieng Hausa dung ⟨Ɓ/ɓ⟩ va ⟨Ɗ/ɗ⟩ lam phu am hut vao va dung ⟨Ƙ/ƙ⟩ la phu am tong ra.


Multigraph Mot diagraph la mot cap chu cai dung đe ky mot am hoac mot ket hop cac am khong tuong ung voi tung chu cai theo thu tu trong cap chu đo. Chang han, tieng Anh co ⟨ch⟩, ⟨ng⟩, ⟨rh⟩, ⟨sh⟩, tieng Ha Lan co ⟨ij⟩ Tuong tu, mot trigraph la mot bo gom ba chu cai ghep lai, chang han tieng Đuc co ⟨sch⟩, tieng Breton co ⟨c’h⟩ hay tieng Milan co ⟨oeu⟩. Trong chinh ta cua mot so ngon ngu, diagraph va trigraph đuoc xem la nhung mau tu đoc lap trong bang chu cai. Van đe viet hoa diagraph va trigraph tuy thuoc tung ngon ngu, co the viet hoa chu đau tien ma cung co the viet hoa tat ca.


Tu noi Tu noi la mot lien hiep hai hay nhieu chu cai thong thuong tao thanh mot glyph hoac mot chu cai moi. Cac vi du minh hoa la ⟨Æ/æ⟩ (bat nguon tu ⟨AE⟩, goi la "ash"), ⟨Œ/œ⟩ (bat nguon tu ⟨OE⟩, thinh thoang goi la "oethel"), ky hieu viet tat ⟨&⟩ (tu tieng Latinh et, nghia la "va"), va ky hieu ⟨ß⟩ ("eszet", bat nguon tu ⟨ſz⟩ hoac ⟨ſs⟩, dang co xua cua chu s dai ⟨ſ⟩).


Dau phu Dau phu la mot ky hieu nho co the xuat hien o mot vi tri nao đo o tren, duoi hoac ngoai chu cai, chang han dau mu trong chu cai ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨o⟩ cua tieng Viet hay dau umlau trong cac chu cai ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ cua tieng Đuc. Chuc nang chinh cua dau la lam thay đoi cach đoc cua chu cai đuoc gan dau nhung no cung co the lam thay đoi cach phat am cua ca am tiet hay cua tu, hoac dau cung co the phan biet cac tu cung chu (cach viet giong het nhau nhung khong đong am hoac đong nghia voi nhau).


Latinh hoa Sau giai đoan cac ngon ngu dung chu Latinh la tieng Anh, tieng Phap, tieng Tay Ban Nha, tieng Bo Đao Nha pho bien ra toan cau nho su banh truong cua cac đe quoc thuc dan phuong Tay, chu Latinh đa xuat hien o moi noi tren the gioi. Cac ngon ngu hien khong su dung pho bien chu Latinh đe viet nhu tieng Nga, tieng A Rap hay tieng Trung Quoc thuong phai đuoc chuyen tu sang chu cai Latinh khi đuoc đat trong van ban dung chu Latinh hay đe su dung trong moi truong giao tiep quoc te. Viec lam nay goi la Latinh hoa hoac La Ma hoa.


Tham khao Jensen, Hans (1970). Sign Symbol and Script. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. ISBN 0-04-400021-9.. Transl. of Jensen, Hans (1958). Die Schrift in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften., as revised by the author
Rix, Helmut (1993). "La scrittura e la lingua". Trong Cristofani, Mauro (hrsg.) (bien tap). Gli etruschi - Una nuova immagine. Firenze: Giunti. tr. S.199-227.
Sampson, Geoffrey (1985). Writing systems. London (etc.): Hutchinson.
Wachter, Rudolf (1987). Altlateinische Inschriften: sprachliche und epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Dokumenten bis etwa 150 v.Chr. Bern (etc.).: Peter Lang.
W. Sidney Allen (1978). "The names of the letters of the Latin alphabet (Appendix C)". Vox Latina — a guide to the pronunciation of classical Latin. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22049-1 (Second edition).
Biktas, Samil (2003). Tugan Tel.


Lien ket ngoai Tu lieu lien quan toi Latin alphabet tai Wikimedia Commons
Tieng Anh
Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary on the letter G
Latin-Alphabet Luu tru ngay 8 thang 2 nam 2017 tai Wayback Machine
Latin alphabet at omniglot.com