Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (16 thang 10 nam 1888 – 27 thang 11 nam 1953) la nha viet kich My 4 lan đoat giai Pulitzer cho kich (1920, 1922, 1928, 1956) va giai Nobel Van hoc nam 1936. O'Neill la nguoi mo ra truong phai kich tu nhien cua My.


Tieu su Eugene O'Neill sinh o Broadway, New York trong mot gia đinh Kito giao, con trai mot nghe si tai danh goc Ireland. Tu nho ong phai theo cha đi luu dien khap noi, 7 tuoi bat đau vao truong noi tru, hoc luc binh thuong nhung đoc nhieu sach van hoc. Nhung nam 1906-1907 ong hoc Đai hoc Princeton, nhung khong hung thu voi cong viec nghien cuu trong truong nen bo do, đi vao cuoc song phieu luu, lam qua cac nghe tim vang, vien chuc nho, thuy thu, dien vien, nha bao... Nam 1911, ong tro ve New York, lam đu thu viec đe kiem song. Nam 1912 ong mac benh lao phai nam đieu duong 6 thang, đa toan tu tu roi quyet đinh lam lai cuoc đoi, bat đau sang tac kich đe tro thanh nghe si. Nam 1913 ong ra vien va bat đau theo hoc cac khoa giang ve nghe thuat kich tai Đai hoc Harvard. Nam 1914, ong xuat ban cuon sach đau tien gom 7 vo kich Thirst and other one-act plays (Khat va cac vo kich mot hoi khac). Nam 1916, ong dung thanh cong vo kich dai Bound East of Cardiff (Ve phia Đong toi Cardiff), va tiep đo lien tuc cac vo kich khac đuoc ra đoi va trinh dien nhu The Emperor Jones (Hoang đe Jones), The Hairy Ape (Con khi ram long), Beyond the Horizon (Phia sau chan troi)...
Thap nien 1930 la thoi ki đinh cao sang tao cua O'Neill, ong đuoc coi la nha sang tac kich hang đau cua nuoc My. Nam 1936 O'Neill la nha viet kich đau tien cua My đuoc nhan giai Nobel; do benh nang ong khong đen Thuy Đien du le trao giai. Trong thu gui Vien Han lam Thuy Đien, ong đac biet nhan manh đen anh huong cua nha viet kich xuat chung nguoi Thuy Đien August Strindberg đoi voi ong. Nhung nam tiep theo O'Neill viet them nhieu kiet tac nhu The Iceman Comes (Nguoi mang bang đa đang đen, 1939), Long Day's Journey Into Night (Ngay dai đi vao đem, 1941), A Moon for the Misbegotten (Mat Trang cho cac con ghe cua so phan, 1943)...
Voi vo kich All God's Children Got Wings (Cac con cua Chua đeu co canh, 1924), Eugene O'Neill la nha van My đau tien co tac pham len an nan phan biet chung toc va nen van minh tu san. Du vay, kich cua O'Neill van boc lo nhung tu tuong bi quan sau sac truoc so phan con nguoi va cuoc đoi. Sau khi nhan giai Nobel, ong huong dan ve ton giao va tu tuong bi quan cang tro nen tram trong. Ong khong tin vao khoa hoc va tien bo, sang tac cua ong thoi ki nay sa vao khung hoang nang ne. Nam 1943 ong bi ton thuong nao, mat kha nang lam viec, tham chi khong the cam but viet, nen nhieu du đinh sang tao ong ap u đa khong đuoc thuc hien. Eugene O'Neill mat nam 1953.


Linh tinh Con gai cua Eugene O'Neil, Oona O'Neill, bi ong tu bo sau khi co ket hon voi Charlie Chaplin khi co moi 18 tuoi va Chaplin 54 tuoi.


Tac pham Thirst and Other One-act plays (Khat va cac vo kich mot hoi khac, 1914), tap kich ngan
Bound East of Cardiff (Ve phia Đong toi Cardiff, 1914), kich
Before Breakfast (Truoc bua sang, 1916), kich
The Long Voyage Home (Chuyen đi dai ngay ve nha, 1917), kich
In The Zone (Trong vung, 1917), kich
Moon of The Carabbees (Trang Caribe, 1917), kich
Ile (1917), kich
The Rope (Day thung, 1918), kich
The Dreamy Kid (Đua tre mo mong, 1918), kich
Where The Cross is Made (Noi dau chu thap đuoc vach, 1918), kich
The Straw (Cai trap, 1919), kich
Gold (Vang, 1920), kich
Anna Christie (1920), kich
The Emperor Jones (Hoang đe Jones, 1920), kich
Different (Khac nhau, 1920), kich
Beyond the Horizon (Phia sau chan troi, 1920), kich
The First Man (Nguoi đan ong đau tien, 1921), kich
The Hairy Ape (Con khi ram long, 1921), kich
The Fountain (Nguon suoi, 1921-1922), kich
Desire Under the Elms (Khat vong duoi bui cay du, 1924), kich
All God's Children Got Wings (Cac con cua Chua đeu co canh, 1924), kich
Marco Millions (Trieu phu Marco, 1923-1925), kich
The Great God Brown (Than Brown vi đai, 1925), kich
Lazarus Laughed (Lazarus cuoi, 1926), kich
Strange Interlude (Khuc bien tau ki la, 1926-1927), kich
Dynamo (1928), kich
Mourning Becomes Electra (Buon tang la Electra, 1929-1931), kich
Days Without End (Nhung ngay bat tan, 1932-1933), kich
Ah, wilderness! (Oi, tuoi tre!, 1933), hai kich
The Iceman Comes (Nguoi mang bang đa đang đen, 1939, dung 1946), kich
A Touch of a Poet (Tam hon nha tho, 1940, dung 1957), kich
More Stately Mansions (Cac cung đien giau hon, 1940), kich
Long Day's Journey Into Night (Ngay dai đi vao đem, 1941, dung nam 1956), kich
A Moon for the Misbegotten (Mat Trang cho cac con ghe cua so phan, 1943, dung 1957), kich


Tham khao Lien ket ngoai Works by Eugene O'Neill at Project Gutenberg
eOneill.com: An Electronic Eugene O'Neill Archive
The Iceman Cometh: A Study Guide
Cac tac pham cua Eugene O'Neill tai Du an Gutenberg
Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site
American Experience - Eugene O'Neill: A Documentary Film on PBS Luu tru ngay 8 thang 4 nam 2006 tai Wayback Machine
Nobel autobiography