Oscar Wilde, ten đay đu la Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde, la mot nha van noi tieng nguoi Ireland. Ong sinh ngay 16 thang 10 nam 1854 tai thanh pho Dublin thuoc Ireland,  va mat ngay 30 thang 11 nam 1900 tai Paris vi viem nao. Nguyen nhan cai chet cua ong van con la mot nghi van đoi voi cac nha khoa hoc.
Sir William Robert Wills Wilde, la cha cua Wilde, mot bac si phau thuat va nha khao co hoc Ireland đuoc phong tuoc Hiep si (Knight). Me ong la ba Jane Francesca Elgee, nha tho theo chu nghia dan toc. Ca hai đeu la nguoi Ireland.
Oscar Wilde tot nghiep truong Trinity College tai Dublin voi ket qua hoc tap xuat sac. Sau đo, ong tiep tuc nghien cuu tai truong Magdalen College, Oxford. O truong đai hoc ong la mot hoc gia xuat sac va la mot nha tho đay hua hen. Wilde đuoc biet đen nhu mot nha mi hoc noi bat, ong con la nguoi đau tien giang giai ve phong trao nghe thuat vi nghe thuat luc bay gio, noi tieng ve tai tranh luan va phong cach an mac lich lam. Đieu nay khien ong bi cac ban hoc treu choc va ong đa khong ngan ngai tu ve bang... nam đam, cach phan ung phan nao trai nguoc voi hinh anh cong tu banh bao ma ong đe lai.


Nhung nhan tinh cua Oscar Wilde Nam 1878, Oscar Wilde đuoc trao giai Newdigate nho bai tho ong lam ve thanh pho Ravenne (Y).
Tot nghiep truong Magdalen, Wilde tro ve Dublin, tai đay, ong gap va phai long Florence Balcome. Khi biet tin Florence đinh uoc voi Bram Stoker, ong đa noi voi nang y đinh mai mai roi bo Ireland cua minh.
Nam 1879 ong nhan đuoc bang khen danh du cao quy nhat tu truong đai hoc Oxford. Wilde sau đo roi đen London va ong tro nen noi tieng trong gioi thuong luu nhu mot nguoi co tri tue tuyet voi.
Nam 1884, Oscar Wilde ket hon voi Constance Lloyd va ho co hai con trai la Cyril va Vyvyan.
Nam 1886, ong gap Robert Ross, la nguoi sau nay tro thanh nguoi tinh va tham đinh tac pham cua ong.
Tu 1887 đen 1889 ong lam viec cho to tap chi women's world nhu mot tong bien tap. Nam 1888 ong cong bo cuon sach ve nhung cau chuyen danh cho tre em mang ten "The Happy Prince and Other Stories."
Nam 1890 ong cho ra đoi cuon tieu thuyet duy nhat voi tua đe "The picture of Dorian Gray" (Buc hoa cua Dorian Gray), ngay lap tuc tieu thuyet nhan đuoc chi trich gay gat tu cac nha phe binh.
Giua nhung nam 1891 va 1895 ong san xuat mot loat cac vo kich thanh cong vang doi nhu: Lady windermere's fan, A women of no importance, An ideal husband and the importance of being earnest; đieu đo lai mot lan nua khang đinh va cung co danh tieng cho Oscar Wilde.
Nam 1891, Oscar Wilde gap Lord Alfred Douglas. Hai nguoi yeu nhau đam đuoi va song cuoc đoi buong tha, cung nhu khong giau giem moi quan he đong tinh luyen ai cua ho. Cha cua Alfred la John Sholto Douglas, Hau tuoc Queensberry, khong chap nhan moi quan he nay va nhieu lan cai va voi Oscar Wilde. Viec nay dan đen vu tai tieng Queensberry va mot vu kien.


Vu tai tieng Queensberry Hau tuoc Queensberry yeu cau Oscar Wilde phai tranh xa con trai ong ta. Đau nam 1895, Hau tuoc đa đe truoc cong cau lac bo Albermarle, mot trong nhung cau lac bo cua Oscar Wilde, to danh thiep co đe: "Danh cho ke benh hoan Oscar Wilde".
Wilde quyet đinh đua Hau tuoc Queensberry ra toa vi đa lang ma minh va thua kien. Hau tuoc Queensberry kien nguoc lai, theo đao luat chong đong tinh luyen ai nam 1885, Oscar Wilde bi tuyen an 2 nam lao đong kho sai. Trong suot hai nam trong tu ong đa viet mot buc thu dai, đay đau kho cho Lord Alfared. Buc thu đuoc cong bo sau khi ong qua đoi nam 1905, tac pham "The Ballad of Reading Gaol" xuat hien nam 1899.
Trong thoi gian Oscar Wilde thu an, Robert Ross van đen tham ong, con Alfred Douglas, nguoi gay ra đau kho cho ong, lai bo sang Phap va Y. Hon 3 nam sau, khi đuoc tra tu do, Oscar Wilde roi khoi Vuong quoc Anh va cuoi cung đinh cu o Phap. Tai đay, ong song mot thoi gian o Berneval, gan thanh pho Dieppe vung Normandie. Ong đoi ten thanh Sebastian Melmoth, dua theo cuon tieu thuyet Melmoth the Wanderer (Melmoth ke lang thang) cua Charles Robert Maturin, mot trong nhung nguoi sang lap dong van hoc gothique. Maturin con la ong chu cua Wilde.
Cuoc đoi Oscar Wilde bat đau xuong doc. Ong khong bao gio buoc ra khoi nha va du đuoc ban be giup đo, ong van song nhung ngay thang cuoi đoi trong co đoc va ngheo kho. Ngay 30 thang 11 nam 1900, Oscar Wilde qua đoi vi benh viem nao tai Paris.
Ong đuoc chon cat tai nghia trang Bagneux. Nam 1909, hai cot cua ong đuoc chuyen ve nghia trang Pere-Lachaise.


Tac pham Tho

Ravenna (1878)
Poems (1881)
The Sphinx (1894)
Poems in Prose (1894)
The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898)
Kich

Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880)
The Duchess of Padua (1883)
Salome (French version) (1893, first performed in Paris 1896)
Lady Windermere's Fan (1892)
A Woman of No Importance (1893)
Salome: A Tragedy in One Act: Translated from the French of Oscar Wilde by Lord Alfred Douglas, illustrated by Aubrey Beardsley (1894)
An Ideal Husband (1895) (text)
The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) (text)
La Sainte Courtisane and A Florentine Tragedy Fragmentary. First published 1908 in Methuen's Collected Works
Truyen

The Picture of Dorian Gray (Buc chan dung cua Dorian Gray) (1890)
Teleny, or The Reverse of the Medal (Paris, 1893) has been attributed to Wilde, but was more likely a combined effort by a several of Wilde’s friends, which he may have edited.
Truyen ngan

The Canterville Ghost (1887)
Thu tu

The Letters of Oscar Wilde (1960) Re-released in 2000, with letters uncovered since 1960, and new, detailed, footnotes by Merlin Holland.

Tuyen tap

Intentions (1891, critical dialogues and essays, comprising The Critic as Artist, The Decay of Lying, Pen, Pencil and Poison and The Truth of Masks)
Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories (1891)
The Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888, fairy tales)
A House of Pomegranates (1891, fairy tales)
Cac ban dich Tieng Viet

The Picture of Dorian Gray:
Buc chan dung cua Dorian Gray, Le Thanh Huong va Nguyen Nhu Nguyen dich (thieu 1/4 chuong cuoi), 1990.
Buc chan dung cua Dorian Gray, Bao Anh luoc dich, Nha xuat ban Tre, 2004.
Chan dung Dorian Gray, Nguyen Tho Sinh dich (thieu 7 chuong cuoi), 2008.
Buc hoa Dorian Gray, Nguyen Tuan Linh dich, Book Hunter va Nha xuat ban Hoi nha van, 2018.
Buc tranh Dorian Gray, Thien Luong dich, Cong ty Co phan Sach Bach Viet va Nha xuat ban Van hoc, 2019.
Chan dung cua Dorian Gray, Nham Hoa dich, Cong Ty Co Phan Van Hoa va Truyen Thong Nha Nam va Nha xuat ban Hoi nha van, 2021


Tham khao