Bai nay viet ve tuoi tho con nguoi, cac nghia khac xem bai đinh huong Tuoi tho nguoi
Song lau hay tuoi tho cao la kha nang song thoi gian dai hon binh thuong, hon đa so nhung nguoi chung quanh minh. Tu cac truyen co tich qua cac giai thoai trong ton giao đen cac truyen khong tuong, kha nang song mai khong bao gio chet o cac đang than thanh hay cac sieu nhan đuoc neu len nhieu va the hien uoc mong cua con nguoi muon thoat khoi noi lo so cua ngay minh lia đoi. Xua nay con nguoi binh thuong ai cung muon song lau va cho rang song lau la đieu hiem va đang quy.
Phan lon nghien cuu va đieu tri y hoc chu trong vao viec lam tang tuoi tho cua cong đong.


Khai niem Tuoi tho (tieng Anh: Lifespan) noi chung dung đe chi thoi gian sinh ton thuong thay o mot loai sinh vat. Tu nay cung đuoc dung cho nhung thu gi co the bi hong sau mot thoi gian nhu may moc, dung cu.
Ky vong song khi sanh (tieng Anh: Life expectancy at Birth LEB) - hay uoc luong tuoi tho khi sanh - la trung binh so nam song cua mot nhom nguoi sinh ra cung nam, trong cung đia phuong. Đay la thong ke phong đoan cho tuong lai.
Tuoi tho trung binh (tieng Anh: Average age of death) - Thong ke theo qua khu. Trung binh so tuoi cua nguoi đa chet trong nam.
Tuoi tho cao hay Truong tho (tieng Anh: Longevity) - Thong ke theo qua khu. Thuong la đe liet ke nhung truong hop song lau hon binh thuong.


Yeu to anh huong tuoi tho Tuoi tho thay đoi theo anh huong cua nhieu yeu to:

Nhung yeu to khong thay đoi đuoc:
gioi tinh: phu nu song lau hon phai nam.
di truyen: benh tim mach lam chet som đuoc truyen xuong con cai, v.v...
Nhung yeu to đia ly:
cao đo: Nguoi tren cao nguyen song lau hon .
khi hau
thien tai
Nhung yeu to xa hoi:
giao duc
toi pham
chien tranh
kinh te
y te:
benh tat: Benh AIDS la mot yeu to quan trong cat giam tuoi tho cua nhieu the he tai chau Phi.
ve sinh
dinh duong
o nhiem
đieu tri, v.v...


Thong ke = Viet Nam =
Theo bao cao cua Cuc Dan so (Bo Y te), tuoi tho trung binh cua nguoi Viet Nam nam 2023 la 73,7 tuoi, tang nhe so voi nam 2022 la 73,6 tuoi, trong đo tuoi tho trung binh cua nam gioi la 71,1 tuoi, cua nu gioi la 76,5 tuoi.
Thong ke uoc luong quang đoi khi sanh tai Viet Nam :


= The gioi =
Hien nay dan Nhat Ban song lau nhat.
Trung binh tuoi tho tai :

Cac nuoc tien tien la 77-83 tuoi (thi du: Canada: 80.1 tuoi theo thong ke nam 2005)
Cac nuoc cham tien la 35-60 tuoi (thi du: Mozambique: 40.3 tuoi theo thong ke nam 2005)

Xem them: Bang xep hang uoc luong tuoi tho khi sinh theo quoc gia


= Khac biet tuoi tho giua nam va nu =
Lau nay nguoi ta van nhan thuc đuoc rang gioi nu song lau hon gioi nam, nhung khong co giai thich nao thoa đang cho su khac biet nay.

Thai đo va cach song: Vi đan ong hut thuoc, uong ruou, ua mao hiem, tinh tinh hung bao hon nen de đanh nhau va de bi chet hon. Trong chien tranh đan ong chet nhieu hon đan ba. Khi lai xe, tai xe đan ong chet nhieu hon vi lai khong can than bang đan ba.
Sinh ly hoc: Theo chu huong tien hoa, cac loai đong vat co phan chia gioi tinh thi giong cai co hai nhiem vu: mot la chuyen lai gen cua minh cho con cai (di truyen), hai la nuoi duong va bao ve con cai. O con nguoi, phu nu co cap nhiem sac the gioi tinh la XX, nen nguy co bi benh di truyen thap, con nam gioi la XY nen loi o cac gen duy nhat trong cac nhiem sac the nay de gay benh. Phu nu khoang tuoi tren 50 bi tat kinh, mat kha nang sinh san, do đo co đu thoi gian va suc khoe tiep tuc che cho nuoi con va chau cua minh. Con đan ong thi chi can đua gen (tinh trung) xong la đu. Vi vay, đong luc tien hoa sinh ton cua phu nu manh hon đan ong.
Sinh san an toan: Nho phat trien y hoc nen so phu nu chet khi sanh no giam nhieu.


= Tuoi tho qua cac thoi đai =


Tham khao Xem them Leonid A. Gavrilov & Natalia S. Gavrilova (1991), The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach. New York: Harwood Academic Publisher, ISBN
John Robbins' Healthy at 100 garners evidence from many scientific sources to account for the extraordinary longevity of Abkhasians in the Caucasus, Vilcabambans in the Andes, Hunzas in Central Asia, and Okinawans.
Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. Search for Mechanisms of Exceptional Human Longevity. Rejuvenation Research, 2010, 13(2-3): 262-264.
Beyond The 120-Year Diet, by Roy L. Walford, M.D.
Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. Can exceptional longevity be predicted? Contingencies [Journal of the American Academy of Actuaries], 2008, July/August issue, pp. 82–88.
Forever Young: A Cultural History of Longevity from Antiquity to the Present Door Lucian Boia,2004 ISBN 1-86189-154-7
Gavrilova N.S., Gavrilov L.A. Search for Predictors of Exceptional Human Longevity: Using Computerized Genealogies and Internet Resources for Human Longevity Studies. North American Actuarial Journal, 2007, 11(1): 49-67
James R. Carey & Debra S. Judge: Longevity records: Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, reptiles, and Fish. Odense Monographs on Population Aging 8, 2000. ISBN 87-7838-539-3
Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS.  Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity.  In: Masoro E.J. & Austad S.N.. (eds.): Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, USA, 2006, 3-42.
James R. Carey: Longevity. The biology and Demography of Life Span. Princeton University Press 2003 ISBN 0-691-08848-9
Gavrilova, N.S., Gavrilov, L.A. Human longevity and reproduction: An evolutionary perspective. In: Voland, E., Chasiotis, A. & Schiefenhoevel, W. (eds.): Grandmotherhood - The Evolutionary Significance of the Second Half of Female Life. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, NJ, USA, 2005, 59-80.