Alexander Graham Bell (3 thang 3 nam 1847-2 thang 8 nam 1922) la nha phat minh, nha khoa hoc, nha cai cach nguoi Scotland. Sinh ra va truong thanh o Edinburgh, Scotland, ong đa di cu đen Quebec, Canada nam 1870 va sau đo đen Boston, Massachusetts, Hoa Ky nam 1871, tro thanh cong dan Hoa Ky nam 1882.
Ong la nguoi đau tien đuoc cap bang sang che phat minh đien thoai (sau nay bi hieu lam nguoi phat minh ra đien thoai). Ong tan dung y tuong cua nhung nguoi tien nhiem bang cach phat trien bien chung thich hop voi thi truong va thanh co hoi kinh doanh. Ong cung đong sang lap Phong thi nghiem Bell, Cong ty đien thoai Bell (Bell Telephone Company) va Cong ty Đien thoai va Đien bao Hoa Ky (AT&T) vao nam 1885. Đe vinh danh ong, đon vi đo luong cuong đo am thanh đuoc đat ten la Bel, chu yeu đuoc goi la decibel.
Nghien cuu ve thinh giac va giong noi cua ong đa tiep tuc dan ong đen viec thu nghiem voi cac thiet bi tro thinh va cuoi cung, Bell đa đuoc trao bang sang che đau tien cua Hoa Ky cho đien thoai, vao ngay 7 thang 3 nam 1876. Bell coi phat minh cua minh la mot su xam pham vao cong viec thuc su cua ong nhu mot nha khoa hoc va tu choi dung đien thoai trong nghien cuu cua minh.
Nhieu phat minh khac đanh dau cuoc đoi sau nay cua Bell, bao gom cong trinh đot pha trong Truyen thong quang hoc trong khong gian tu do, tau canh ngam va hang khong.
Bell đa đuoc nhan bang sang che cho phat minh ra đien thoai vao nam 1876. Mac du cac phat minh khac đa đuoc cong nhan nhung bang sang che cua Bell đen nay van con hieu luc.
Ngay 11 thang 6 nam 2002, Ha vien Hoa Ky đa thong qua nghi quyet so 269 ve Antonio Meucci, trong đo ghi nhan Antonio Meucci moi chinh la nguoi phat minh ra  đien thoai chu khong phai Alexander Graham Bell. Vao nam đo, nguoi ta cung biet them rang Bell đa đanh cap phat minh cua Meucci va nhan đo la cua minh.


Tieu su Alexander Graham Bell sinh ra o Scotland vao ngay 3 thang 3 nam 1847. Ong la nguoi con thu hai trong gia đinh co ba anh em trai: Melville James Bell (1845-1870) va Edward Charles Bell (1848-1867) đeu chet vi benh viem phoi. Cha cua ong la giao su Alexander Melville Bell va me cua ong la Eliza Grace Symonds Bell.
Ca gia đinh ong đeu day ve dien thuyet: tu nguoi ong Alexander Bell, o Luan Đon, nguoi chu o Dublin va nguoi cha cua ong o Edinburgh đeu la nhung nha dien thuyet chuyen nghiep. Cha cua ong đa xuat ban nhieu cuon sach ve chu đe nay, mot vai cuon van con co gia tri.
Ong đuoc giao duc o truong Trung hoc Hoang gia Scotland o Edinburgh. Sau đo ong vao hoc o truong Đai hoc Edinburgh, nhung tot nghiep tu truong Đai hoc Toronto.
Lan đau tien ong chu y đen linh vuc am hoc do co y đinh cai thien benh điec cho me cua ong.
Nam 1870, o đo tuoi 23, ong đa theo cha me nhap cu vao Canada. Ho đinh cu o Brantford, Ontario. O Canada, Alexander Graham Bell tiep tuc nghien cuu ve giong noi cua con nguoi va tai. Ong đa kham kha ra phuong phap truyen tin bang đien.


Cac phat minh sau đo = May do kim loai =
Bell cung đuoc cong nhan đa đanh cap may do kim loai vao nam 1881. Thiet bi đa ngay lap tuc đuoc su dung cung voi cac thiet bi khac vao viec co gang tim vien đan tren nguoi cua Tong thong Hoa Ky James Garfield. May phat hien kim loai đa hoat đong nhung khong tim ra vien đan do chiec giuong cua tong thong nam co kim loai đa lam nhieu thiet bi.


Tham khao Bruce, Robert V. Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8014-9691-8.
Coe, Lewis. The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Publishing, 1995. ISBN 0-7864-0138-9
Evenson, A. Edward. The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray - Alexander Bell Controversy. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7864-0883-9.
Gray, Charlotte. Reluctant Genius: Alexander Graham Bell and the Passion for Invention. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-55970-809-3.


Lien ket ngoai Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Alexander Graham Bell Institute Luu tru ngay 25 thang 11 nam 2010 tai Wayback Machine
(Italian) Timeline for Antonio Meucci
Bell Homestead, National Historic Site
Appleton's Biography edited by Stanley L. Klos
Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site Museum located in Baddeck, Nova Scotia containing many of Bell's experiments and modelsBaddeckBaddeckBaddeckBaddeckBaddeckBaddeckBaddeck Luu tru ngay 11 thang 10 nam 2007 tai Wayback Machine
Alexander Graham Bell family papers Online version at the Library of Congress comprises a selection of 4.695 items (totaling about 51.500 images) containing correspondence, scientific notebooks, journals, blueprints, articles, and photographs documenting Bell invention of the telephone and his involvement in the first telephone company, his family life, his interest in the education of the deaf, and his aeronautical and other scientific work
Bell's path to the invention of the telephone Luu tru ngay 6 thang 6 nam 2010 tai Wayback Machine
Bell's speech before the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston on 27 August 1880, presenting the photophone, very clear description; published as "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light" in the American Journal of Sciences, Third Series, vol. XX, #118, thang 10 nam 1880, p. 305 - 324 and as "Selenium and the Photophone" in Nature, thang 9 nam 188027 August27 August27 August27 August27 August27 August27 August705 - 324 and as "Selenium and the Photophone" in  Luu tru ngay 13 thang 11 nam 2004 tai Wayback Machine
AlexanderBell.com - Telecom pioneer
Alexander Graham Bell Biographical information, science resources and information on 1912 Franklin Award for 'electrical transmission of articulate speech' at The Franklin Institute's Case Files online exhibit Luu tru ngay 23 thang 12 nam 2007 tai Wayback Machine
Alexander Graham Bell gravesite
Alexander Graham Bell: Biography and Much More from Answers.com Excellent summary of Alexander Graham Bell's life, has many useful dates for important parts of his life
Federazione Italiana di Elettrotecnica, museum on Antonio Meucci (in Italian) Original material about Antonio Meucci's work and the trial against Alexander Graham Bell
Basilio Catania's publishing about the Meucci/Bell case Luu tru ngay 20 thang 9 nam 2008 tai Wayback Machine
Basilio Catania "Antonio Meucci una vita per la scienza e per l'Italia, vol.1 (in Italian), summary of Meucci's life and work and his trial against Alexander Graham Bell Luu tru ngay 3 thang 1 nam 2004 tai Wayback Machine
Basilio Catania "Antonio Meucci una vita per la scienza e per l'Italia, vol.2 Luu tru ngay 3 thang 1 nam 2004 tai Wayback Machine(in Italian), summary of Meucci's life and work and his trial against Alexander Graham Bell]
Basilio Catania, 2003 The United States Government vs. Alexander Graham Bell. An important acknowledgment for Antonio Meucci Luu tru ngay 9 thang 6 nam 2007 tai Wayback Machine
Bell family tree
American Treasures of the Library of Congress, Alexander Graham Bell - Lab notebook I, p. 40-41 (image 22)
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= Cac phat minh =
Complete list Luu tru ngay 19 thang 4 nam 2008 tai Wayback Machine of Bell patents
US patent images in TIFF format

Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 161.739 Improvement in Transmitters and Receivers for Electric Telegraphs, filed thang 3 nam 1875, issued thang 4 nam 1875 (multiplexing signals on a single wire)
Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 174.465 Improvement in Telegraphy, filed 14 thang 2 1876, issued 7 thang 3 nam 1876 (Bell's first telephone patent)
Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 178.399 Improvement in Telephonic Telegraph Receivers, filed thang 4 nam 1876, issued thang 6 nam 1876
Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 181.553 Improvement in Generating Electric Currents (using rotating permanent magnets), filed thang 8 nam 1876, issued thang 8 nam 1876
Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 186.787 Electric Telegraphy (permanent magnet receiver), filed 15 thang 1 1877, issued 30 thang 1 1877
Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 235.199 Apparatus for Signalling and Communicating, called Photophone, filed thang 8 nam 1880, issued thang 12 nam 1880
Bang sang che Hoa Ky so 757.012 Aerial Vehicle, filed thang 6 nam 1903, issued thang 4 nam 1904


= Tieu su bang phim =
Animated Hero Classics: Alexander Graham Bell (1995) tren Internet Movie Database
The Story of Alexander Graham Bell, phim 1939 reformatted for VCR tape, Don Ameche playing Bell, (1966) ISBN 0-7939-1251-2
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Biography - Alexander Graham Bell, A&E DVD biography based on historical footage and still pictures of Bell, (2005) ASIN B0009K7RUW