Brom monofluoride la mot hop chat halogen kem ben voi cong thuc hoa hoc BrF. Đay la chat long o nhiet đo phong, co mau đo vang, de bay hoi va co mui kho chiu. BrF la chat đoc o lieu luong cao.


Tinh chat hoa hoc Brom monofluoride phan huy tu oxy hoa khu o nhiet đo thuong tao thanh brom trifluoride hoac brom pentafluoride va brom đon chat:

  
    
      
        
          5
          
          BrF
          ⟶
          2
          
          
            Br
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          +
          
            BrF
            
              5
            
            
              
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {5BrF -> 2Br2 + BrF5}}}
  

Phan ung voi dung dich kiem nong pha loang:

  
    
      
        
          3
          
          BrF
          +
          6
          
          NaOH
          ⟶
          3
          
          NaF
          +
          2
          
          NaBr
          +
          
            NaBrO
            
              3
            
            
              
            
          
          +
          3
          
          
            H
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          O
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {3BrF + 6NaOH -> 3NaF + 2NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O}}}
  

Phan ung voi dung dich kiem lanh pha loang:

  
    
      
        
          BrF
          +
          2
          
          NaOH
          ⟶
          NaF
          +
          NaBrO
          +
          
            H
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          O
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {BrF + 2NaOH -> NaF + NaBrO + H2O}}}
  

Hop chat rat hoat đong ve mat hoa hoc. Phan ung ngay ca voi vang va thach anh. Đe giu on đinh va luu tru, chung đuoc chuyen đoi thanh mot hop chat kep on đinh hon voi pyridine.
Cau truc phan tu brom monofluoride hydrofluoride (BrF · HF hoac HBrF2) đa đuoc tinh toan va nguoi ta đa chi ra rang mot hop chat nhu vay, neu đuoc tong hop thanh cong, se co cau truc bat thuong kieu Br-FHF.


Đieu che Brom monofluoride co the đuoc tao ra thong qua phan ung cua brom trifluoride (hoac brom pentafluoride) va brom đon chat. Do tinh linh hoat cua no, hop chat co the đuoc phat hien nhung khong the co lap:

  
    
      
        
          
            BrF
            
              3
            
            
              
            
          
          +
          
            Br
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          ⟶
          BrF
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {BrF3 + Br2 -> BrF}}}
  

  
    
      
        
          
            BrF
            
              5
            
            
              
            
          
          +
          2
          
          
            Br
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          ⟶
          5
          
          BrF
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {BrF5 + 2Br2 -> 5BrF}}}
  

  
    
      
        
          
            Br
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          +
          
            F
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          ⟶
          2
          
          BrF
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {Br2 + F2 -> 2BrF}}}
  
 (*)
Brom monofluoride thuong đuoc tao ra voi su hien dien cua caesi fluoride.
Tuy nhien, trong phan ung (*), cung voi monofluoride, brom trifluoride va pentafluoride cung đuoc tao thanh. Đe thu đuoc brom monofluoride tinh khiet, cac bay lanh voi nhiet đo đen −20 °C, −50 °C va −120 °C đuoc su dung đe tach lan luot BrF3, BrF5 va BrF tuong ung. Thiet bi tong hop phai đuoc lam bang đong, vi voi nhieu vat lieu khac, vi du bach kim, xuc tac cho phan ung phan huy brom monofluoride. Hieu suat tong hop cua brom monofluoride tren ly thuyet la khoang 40%.
Duoi tac dung cua quang pho hong ngoai, brom trifluoride tu oxy hoa khu tao ra brom monofluoride:

  
    
      
        
          2
          
          
            BrF
            
              3
            
            
              
            
          
          ⟶
          BrF
          +
          
            BrF
            
              5
            
            
              
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {2BrF3 -> BrF + BrF5}}}
  


Ung dung Vi khong the phan lap đuoc brom monofluoride o dang tinh khiet do bi phan huy mot phan, nen trong nhieu truong hop, hon hop cua brom va brom trifluoride đuoc su dung thay the đe tao ra monofluoride tai cho (in-situ).
Dung tong hop fluorobrom:

  
    
      
        
          
            CH
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          
            =
          
          
            CH
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          +
          BrF
          ⟶
          
            CF
            
              3
            
            
              
            
          
          
            −
          
          
            CH
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          Br
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {CH2=CH2 + BrF -> CF3-CH2Br}}}
  

Mot quan điem thu vi la khi BrF đuoc su dung nhu nguyen lieu chinh đuoc kich thich boi phan tu O2 o trang thai singlet đe phat ra anh sang kha kien, ung dung lam tia laser hoa hoc.


Xem them Brom trifluoride, BrF3
Brom pentafluoride, BrF5


Tham khao