Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, FRS (1836-1920) la nha thien van nguoi Anh. Cung voi nha khoa hoc nguoi Phap Pierre Janssen, ong đa kham pha ra heli. Lockyer cung đuoc nho đen nhu la nguoi thanh lap va chu but đau tien cua tap chi Nature.


Tieu su Lockyer đuoc sinh ra tai Rugby, Warwickshire. Sau khi co thoi gian hoc them bang viec đi sang Phap va Thuy Si, ong lam viec cong vu trong Co quan Chien tranh cua Anh.
He settled in Wimbledon, South London after marrying Winifred James. Ong co cuoc song on đinh o Winbledon va đa cuoi Winifred James. Lockyer la mot nha thien van nghiep du sac sao voi su quan tam cu the đen Mat Troi. Vao nam 1885, ong tro thanh vi giao su ve linh vuc vat ly thien van đau tien tren the gioi cong tac tai Hoi Hoang gia ve Khoa hoc o South Kensington (nay no la mot phan cua Cao đang Đe quoc). O ngoi truong nay, Đai quan sat Vat ly Mat Troi đa đuoc xay dung cho ong va ong đa đieu hanh đai quan sat nay cho đen nam 1913.
Trong thap nien 1860, Lockyer đa quan tam quang pho hoc voi vai tro la mot cong cu phan tich đe biet đuoc cac thanh phan cau tao nen cac su vat trong vu tru. Ong bat đau su nghien cuu cua minh tu ngoi nha cua minh tai West Hampstead voi mot dai quang pho co buoc song 6¼ inch, cai ma ong san sang su dung tai Winbledon.
Vao nam 1868, mot dai anh sang vang đa đuoc phat hien trong dai quang pho cua Mat Troi. Voi buoc song 588 nm, dai anh sang vang nay mong hon so voi dai anh sang "D" cua natri. Dai anh sang vang đo đa khong the đuoc giai thich boi bat cu đieu gi khi đo. Lockyer đa đe xuat rang no xuat phat tu mot nhan to chua biet ten nao đo. Ong đa goi nhan to nay la heli, dua vao tu "helios" trong tieng Hy Lap voi y nghia Mat Troi. Anh sang vang đa đuoc quan sat boi Janssen vao 18 thang 8 nam 1868, trong khi xay pha toi cua Mat Troi. Vi the, ca Janssen va Lockyer đuoc coi la nhung nguoi kham pha ra heli. Heli o tren Trai Đat đuoc kham pha 10 nam sau đo boi William Ramsey. Đe co the kham pha ra heli tren Mat Troi, Lockyer đa hop tac voi nha khoa hoc Edward Frankland.
Đe co the đua ra su thuan tien giua cac y tuong khoa hoc, Lockyer đa thanh lap tap chi Tu nhien vao nam 1869. Ong đa lam chu but cho đen luc ma sau luc đo khong lau, ong qua đoi.
Lockyer đa dan đau 8 cuoc tham hiem đe quan sat pha toi cua Mat Troi nhu tai Sicily nam 1870, tai An Đo nam 1871 va tai An Đo nam 1898.
Sau khi ve huu vao nam 1913, ong đa lap ra mot đai thien van gan nha minh tai Salcombe Regis. Đuoc biet đen ban đau la Đai thien van Hill, no đa đuoc đoi ten la Đai thien van Norman Lockyer sau khi ong qua đoi. Co mot khoang thoi gian đai thien van nay la cua Đai hoc Exeter. Con hien tai no thuoc Tim Naylor, thanh vien cua Hoi Vat ly thien van nghien cuu bo tri sao va hanh tinh ngoai he Mat Troi.
Lockyer qua đoi tai nha rieng va đuoc chon cat tai đo, trong mot nghia đia cua Thanh Peter va Thanh Mary.


Cac tac pham Norman Lockyer (1889). Elementary Lessons in Astronomy. Macmillan and co. (1868–94)
Questions on Astronomy (1870)
Norman Lockyer (1874). Contributions Contributions to Solar Physics. Macmillan and co. (1873)
Joseph Norman Lockyer (1873). The Spectroscope and Its Applications. Macmillan and Co. (1873)
Norman Lockyer; George Mitchell Seabroke (1878). Stargazing. Macmillan and co. (1878)
Norman Lockyer (1878). Studies in Spectrum Analysis. C. K. Paul. (1878)
Report to the Committee on Solar Physics on the Basic Lines Common to Spots and Prominences (1880)
Joseph Norman Lockyer; Norman Lockyer (1887). The Movements of the Earth. Macmillan and co. (1887)
Norman Lockyer (1887). The Chemistry of the Sun. Macmillan and co. (1887)
Norman Lockyer (1890). The Meteoritic Hypothesis. Macmillan. (1890)
Penrose, F.C., (communicated by Joseph Norman Lockyer), The Orientation of Greek Temples, Nature, v.48, n.1228, ngay 11 thang 5 nam 1893, pp. 42–43
Norman Lockyer (1894). The Dawn of Astronomy. Cassell. (1894)
Norman Lockyer; William Rutherford (1896). The Rules of Golf: Being the St. Andrews Rules for the Game. Macmillan & Co.
Norman Lockyer (1897). The Sun's Place in Nature. The Macmillan Company. (1897)
Recent and Coming Eclipses (1900)
Norman Lockyer (1900). Inorganic Evolution as Studied by Spectrum Analysis. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1900)
Norman Lockyer (1903). On the Influence of Brain Power on History. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1903)
Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered (1906; second edition, 1909)
Norman Lockyer; Joseph Norman Lockyer (1906). Education and National Progress. Macmillan and co. (1907)
Norman Lockyer; Joseph Norman Lockyer (1909). Surveying for Archaeologists. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1909)
Norman Lockyer; Winifred Lucas Lockyer (1910). Tennyson, as a Student and Poet of Nature. Macmillan. (1910)


Vinh danh Fellow of the Royal Society (1869)
Huan chuong Janssen, Vien han lam Khoa hoc Phap trao tang (1875)
Nguoi Lanh đao Hiep si cua Hoi Tam (1897)
Chu tich cua Hiep hoi Khoa hoc Anh (1903-1904)
Mot ho tren Mat Trang va mot ho tren sao Hoa đuoc đat theo ten ong.


Chu thich