Song Litani (tieng A Rap: نهر الليطاني, Nahr al-Litani), thoi co đai goi la Leontes (tieng Hy Lap co: Λεοντες, Leontes, lit. "Su tu") la mot nguon nuoc quan trong o mien nam nuoc Liban. Dong song bat nguon tu thung lung Beqaa mau mo o phia tay Baalbek va chay ra bien Đia Trung Hai phia bac Tyros. Voi chieu dai 170 km,  song Litani la con song dai nhat o Liban, co luu luong nuoc trung binh hang nam uoc tinh la 475 trieu m³. Dong song Litani hoan toan bat nguon va chay hoan toan trong pham vi lanh tho Liban. No la nguon chinh cung cap nuoc, thuy loi va thuy đien tren ca mien Nam Liban va ca đat nuoc.


Ten goi va Lich su Song Litani đuoc đat theo ten vi than Lotan cua Canaan, la mot con ran bien bay đau va la toi to cua than bien Yam. Con song uon luon va cuon nhu con ran khi chay qua Thung lung Beqaa, đuoc cho la su nhan cach hoa vi than.
Cac nha su hoc truoc đay đa tuyen bo rang vi tri cua Kinh thanh Misrephoth Maim, noi Joshua đuoi theo nhieu bo toc sau khi ho bi đanh bai tai vung nuoc Merom, la cua song cua song Litani, nhung khong chac la ten Litani co truoc cau chuyen trong Kinh thanh.
Litani la mot bien gioi tu nhien ngan chan quan Seleucid xam luoc lanh tho Levant cua vuong quoc Ptolemaic o Levant.
Trong Chien tranh Liban 2006, quan Israel đa đanh sap cac kenh thuy loi cung cap nuoc song Litani cho hon 10.000 mau đat nong nghiep va 23 ngoi lang o mien nam Liban va Thung lung Bekaa, khien cho Liban cao buoc Israel đang su dung cuoc chien chong Hezbollah đe đua ra yeu sach chu quyen đoi voi cac khu vuc quan trong cua Liban.


Mo ta Sau khi chay ve phia nam song song voi bien gioi Syria, dong song uon cong ve phia tay. Gan khuc quanh nay, song Litani chay cach song Hasbani gan nam km.
Khuc song chay ve phia tay đuoc goi la Qasimiyeh. Vung Qasmieh-Ras-el-Ain đuoc tuoi tu nguon nuoc ha luu song, tu phia nam đen phia bac la mot trong nhung khu vuc đuoc tuoi lon nhat trong ca nuoc, bao gom 32,64 km², đuoc phan chia cho 1.257 nong dan tuoi tieu, tap trung trong cay co mui va chuoi. Đoi voi toan bo đoan Qasimiyeh khi chay ra bien Đia Trung Hai, song Litani van gan nhu song song voi (khoang 29 km (18 dam) ve phia bac) bien gioi Israel-Liban. Cach 10 km ve phia bac cua Tyros, dong song co cau Leontes tu thoi co đai bat qua. Vao thang 6 nam 1941, cua song la noi xay ra chien su giua lien quan Anh - Uc va luc luong Phap Vichy đuoc goi la Tran chien song Litani.


Đap Litani Ho Qaraoun la mot ho nhan tao rong 12 km² o đo cao 800 met so voi muc nuoc bien, đuoc tao ra boi đap song Litani, cao 60 met va dai 1.350 met, đuoc hoan thanh vao nam 1959. Mot đap tran 6503 met mang nuoc đen ben ngam, o đo may phat đien tao ra toi đa 185 megawatt đien, la du an thuy đien lon nhat o Liban. Con đap cuoi cung đuoc du đinh se cung cap nuoc tuoi cho 310 km² đat nong nghiep o Nam Liban va 80 km² trong Thung lung Beqaa. Co quan quan ly nam o cuoi phia nam (đap) bo ben trai cua ho. Bo ho co mot khach san va mot so nha hang chuyen ve ca hoi tuoi.


Co quan quan ly Co quan quan ly song Litani đuoc thanh lap vao nam 1954 đe tao đieu kien cho su phat trien tong the luu vuc song Litani. Ngay sau khi thanh lap, co quan đa khoi đong mot du an phat trien quy mo lon khai thac tiem nang kinh te cua dong chay tu ho Qaraoun đen Đia Trung Hai. Ke hoach phat trien nay đa mang lai nhung thay đoi lon ve thuy van luu vuc song Litani, noi dong chay tu thuong nguon cua no tren Ho Qaraoun, đuoc goi la Luu vuc Thuong Litani, chuyen nuoc qua mot he thong đuong ham, ho chua va nha may, roi chay ve phia bac vao dong chay tu nhien ban đau cua no ra Đia Trung Hai. Nhung thay đoi nay đa dan đen su phan tach thuy van hieu qua giua Luu vuc Thuong Litani va cac khu vuc thap hon. Su bung no cua mot cuoc xung đot dan su keo dai vao nhung nam 1970 va sau đo la su chiem đong keo dai tu nhung nam 1980 đen nhung nam 1990, đa khien đat nuoc roi vao tinh trang hon loan, tri tre phat trien va lam đong bang cac đau tu co so ha tang. Tinh hinh on đinh tro lai sau đo đa khuyen khich co quan quan ly song bat đau mot so du an chuyen nuoc lon tu luu vuc Thuong Litani tri gia hang tram trieu đo la My.


Xem them Tran song Litani
Chien dich Litani


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Ramadan, H.H., Ramamurthy, A.S., and Beighley, R.E (2012). "Inter-annual temperature and precipitation variations over the Litani Basin in response to atmospheric circulation patterns", Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Volume 108, Numbers 3-4 (2012), pp. 563–577.
Ramadan, H.H., Beighley R.E. and Ramamurthy A.S. (2012). "Modeling Streamflow Trends for a Watershed with Limited Data: A case on the Litani Basin, Lebanon" Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8), pp. 1516–1529.
Ramadan, H.H., Ramamurthy A.S. and Beighley R.E. (2013). "Sensitivity of the Litani Basin's runoff in Lebanon to climate change." International Journal of Environment and Pollution (in press).
Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2
Raad, Daoud, 2004. "Localized irrigation in Qasmieh-Ras-el-Ain: a technique to be encouraged" pdf file
Amery, H. A. 1993. "The Litani River of Lebanon Luu tru ngay 14 thang 2 nam 2018 tai Wayback Machine", Geographical Review 83 (3) pp229–237.
Where the western Litani empties into the Mediterranean, on Wikimapia
Old Feud Over Lebanese River Takes New Turn
Assaf, Hamed and Saadeh, Mark. "Development of an Integrated Decision Support System for Water Quality Control in the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon", Proceedings of the iEMSs Third Biennial Meeting, "Summit on Environmental Modelling and Software". International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, Burlington, USA, July 2006.


Lien ket ngoai HUSSEIN A. AMERY. "THE LITANI RIVER OF LEBANON" (bang tieng Anh). macam. Ban goc luu tru ngay 28 thang 7 nam 2019. Truy cap ngay 4 thang 11 nam 2019.
Lebanese minister: Litani river pollution a "national catastrophe" Luu tru