Phien đa Rosetta (tieng Anh: Rosetta Stone) la mot tam bia Ai Cap co đai lam bang đa granodiorite co khac mot sac lenh ban hanh o Memphis nam 196 TCN nhan danh nha vua Ptolemaios V. Sac lenh nay đuoc viet cung mot van ban bang 2 he ngon ngu: tieng Ai Cap va tieng Hy Lap, va ba he chu viet: chu tuong hinh Ai Cap co đai (tren cung), chu binh dan Ai Cap (o giua) va chu Hy Lap (duoi cung). Boi vi phien đa trinh bay cung mot van ban voi ca ba he chu viet (voi mot vai khac biet nho giua chung), no đa cung cap chiec chia khoa vo gia giup cho khoa hoc hien đai hieu đuoc chu tuong hinh Ai Cap.
Vien đa đuoc cham khac trong thoi ky Hy Lap hoa va ban đau đuoc cho la trung bay trong mot ngoi đen, co the o Sais gan đo. No co the đa đuoc chuyen đen vao cuoi thoi co đai hoac trong thoi ky Mameluk, va cuoi cung đuoc su dung lam vat lieu xay dung trong viec xay dung Phao đai Julien gan thi tran Rashid (Rosetta) trong Đong bang song Nile. Thang 7 nam 1799, si quan nguoi Phap Pierre-Francois Bouchard đa phat hien ra phien đa trong chien dich o Ai Cap thoi ky Napoleon. Đay la van ban song ngu Ai Cap co đai đau tien đuoc khoi phuc trong thoi hien đai, va đa thu hut su quan tam rong rai cua cong chung voi tiem nang giai ma chu tuong hinh chua tung đuoc ra dich truoc đay. Cac ban sao thach cao va phoi thach cao som bat đau luu hanh trong cac vien bao tang va hoc gia chau Au. Khi nguoi Anh đanh bai nguoi Phap, ho đa mang vien đa toi London duoi thoi Capitulation of Alexandria nam 1801. No đa đuoc trung bay cong khai tai Bao tang Anh gan nhu lien tuc ke tu nam 1802 va la đoi tuong đuoc quan tam nhieu nhat o đo.
Nghien cuu ve sac lenh đa đuoc tien hanh khi ban dich hoan chinh đau tien cua van ban tieng Hy Lap xuat ban nam 1803. Jean-Francois Champollion cong bo viec chuyen ngu cac chu viet Ai Cap o Paris vao nam 1822; phai mat nhieu thoi gian hon nua truoc khi cac hoc gia co the đoc cac ban khac va van hoc Ai Cap Co đai mot cach tu tin. Nhung tien bo lon trong viec giai ma la su cong nhan phien đa cung cap ba phien ban cua cung mot van ban (1799); rang van ban chu viet Ai Cap đa su dung cac ky tu phien am đe đanh van ten nuoc ngoai (1802); van ban chu tuong hinh cung lam nhu vay, va co nhung điem tuong đong pho bien voi chu viet Ai Cap (1814); va cac ky tu phien am đo cung đuoc su dung đe đanh van cac tu ban đia cua nguoi Ai Cap (1822–1824).
Ba ban sao roi rac khac cua cung mot sac lenh đa đuoc phat hien sau đo, va mot so ban khac song ngu hoac ba thu tieng Ai Cap tuong tu hien đa đuoc biet đen, bao gom ba ban som hon mot chut la Sac lenh Ptolemaic: Sac lenh Alexandria nam 243 truoc Cong nguyen, Sac lenh Canopus nam 238 truoc Cong nguyen, va Sac lenh Memphis cua Ptolemy IV, c. nam 218 truoc Cong nguyen. Hon đa Rosetta khong con la duy nhat, nhung no la chia khoa thiet yeu cho su hieu biet hien đai ve van hoc va nen van minh Ai Cap co đai. Thuat ngu 'Rosetta Stone' hien đuoc su dung đe chi manh moi thiet yeu cho mot linh vuc kien ​​thuc moi.


Tham khao = Tham khao thu loai =
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