Trai nghiem can tu (tieng Anh: near-death experience) la mot trai nghiem đuoc ke lai boi mot nguoi suyt chet hoac đa bi chet lam sang va đuoc cuu song. Mot so nha khoa hoc tin rang trai nghiem nay co the đuoc giai thich bang cac ao giac do bo nao đang chet dan tao ra. Tuy nhien, mo hinh nay bi phan bac ngay cang manh boi cac nghien cuu thuc hien tai Ha Lan va cac noi khac (van Lommel, 2004). Trai nghiem nay pho bien mot cach đang ngac nhien, đac biet tu khi co cac ki thuat ho hap nhan tao. Theo ket qua đieu tra cua to chuc Gallup, co khoang 8 trieu nguoi My khang đinh đa trai qua kinh nghiem can tu (Mauro, 1992). Kinh nghiem nay thuong bao gom ca su thoat xac (out-of-body experience).


Hien tuong hoc cua trai nghiem can tu Hien tuong hoc cua mot kinh nghiem can tu thuong bao gom cac pham tru sinh ly hoc, tam ly hoc va sieu viet (Parnia, Waller, Yeates & Fenwick, 2001) chang han nhu cac an tuong chu quan ve viec o ben ngoai co the vat ly (trai nghiem thoat xac), su sieu viet cua ban nga co the vuot qua cac ranh gioi khong gian va thoi gian, va cac kinh nghiem sieu viet khac (Lukoff, Lu & Turner, 1998; Greyson, 2003).
Thong thuong, trai nghiem phat trien theo mot tien trinh xac đinh (Mauro, 1992; Morse, Conner & Tyler, 1985; Morse & Perry, 1992; van Lommel et.al, 2001), tom tat nhu sau:

Mot cam giac bi chet hoac mat đi y thuc
Mot trai nghiem thoat xac. Cam giac troi bong benh o phia tren co the cua minh va nhin thay khu vuc xung quanh.
Cam xuc de chiu, tinh tai. Cam giac tran đay tinh yeu va binh yen.
Cam giac chuyen đong len cao qua mot đuong ong hep.
Gap go nhung nguoi than đa khuat hay cac nhan vat tam linh.
Gap mot thuc the anh sang hay mot luong anh sang (co the la mot nhan vat than thanh hay ton giao).
Đuoc hoi tuong lai ca cuoc đoi (life review).
Tien đen mot ranh gioi.
Mot cam giac đang quay tro lai voi the xac, thuong kem theo su do du khong muon quay lai.
Mot trai nghiem can tu o muc đo cao phan anh su binh yen, niem vui va su hai hoa, tiep theo la su thau hieu va cac trai nghiem ton giao hay than bi (Lange, Greyson & Houran, 2004). Nhung kinh nghiem can tu o muc đo cao nhat bao gom ca mot su nhan thuc ve nhung su kien xay ra tai mot noi chon hoac thoi điem khac.
Trong so cac truong hop chet lam sang ma đuoc coi la dan đen mot kinh nghiem can tu, nguoi ta tim thay cac nhan to nhu: ngung tim (cardiac arrest), soc do mat mau sau khi sinh no hoac khi bien chung phau thuat, soc do nhiem trung hoac do qua man cam, tu hinh bang đien, hon me, xuat huyet nao (intracerebral haemorrhage) hoac tac mach mau nao (cerebral infarction), tu tu, suyt chet đuoi hoac ngat tho, ngung tho, tram cam nghiem trong (van Lommel et al., 2001).


Xem them Tai sinh
Hap hoi


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