Los Angeles (viet tat LA; phat am tieng Anh: /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/; Tieng Tay Ban Nha: Los Angeles) la thanh pho lon nhat tieu bang California va lon thu nhi tai Hoa Ky, thuoc ve Quan Los Angeles. Theo Thong ke dan so nam 2000, thanh pho nay co 3.694.820 nguoi. Vung lan can thanh pho nay, con đuoc goi la Mien Nam California, gom co Quan Los Angeles, Quan San Bernardino, Quan Cam, Quan Riverside va Quan Ventura, la mot trong nhung noi đong dan nhat Hoa Ky voi 16 trieu nguoi.
Thanh pho đuoc thanh lap vao nam 1781 do nguoi Tay Ban Nha tai Mexico voi ten la El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora Reina de los Angeles de la Porciuncula ("Thi tran cua Đuc Me Nu Vuong cua cac Thien than cua song Porciuncula" trong tieng Tay Ban Nha, porciuncula nghia la "phan nho" va los Angeles nghia la "nhung thien than"). Vao nam 1821 khi Mexico gianh đoc lap tu Tay Ban Nha, thanh pho nay thanh mot phan cua nuoc đo. Sau Chien tranh Hoa Ky–Mexico, Los Angeles lai roi vao tay Hoa Ky.
Thanh pho nay noi danh la mot trung tam đien anh. Rat nhieu minh tinh song o thanh pho Beverly Hills lan can, nhieu phim va chuong trinh truyen hinh đuoc thau tai Hollywood, mot phan cua thanh pho nay.
Theo Đieu tra Dan so Hoa Ky nam 2000, so nguoi My goc Viet o Los Angeles la 19.747 nguoi, chiem 0.5% dan so toan thanh pho.


Lich su Bai chinh: Lich su Los Angeles, California
Khu vuc bo bien Los Angeles đa đuoc cu dan Tongva (hay Gabrielenos), Chumash, va cac bo toc cua nhung nguoi Tho dan chau My sinh song tu hang ngan nam. Nhung nguoi chau Au đau tien đen đay nam 1592, dan đau la Juan Cabrillo - mot nguoi tham hiem Bo Đao Nha đa tuyen bo vung đat nay cho Đe quoc Tay Ban Nha nhung khong o lai đo. Lan co nguoi chau Au tiep xuc khu vuc nay la 227 nam sau khi Gaspar de Portola cung voi Franciscan padre Juan Crespi, đa đen khu vuc ngay nay la Los Angeles ngay 2 thang 8 nam 1769.
Nam 1771, Cha Junipero Serra đa cho xay Mission San Gabriel Arcagel gan Whittier Narrows o gan Thung lung San Gabriel ngay nay. Ngay 4 thang 9 nam 1781, mot nhom 52 nguoi đinh cu tu Tan Tay Ban Nha la hau due nguoi chau Phi đa thiet lap phai đoan San Gabriel đe lap nen khu đinh cu doc theo bo cua song Porciuncula (ngay nay la song Los Angeles). Nhung nguoi đinh cu nay co to tien la nguoi Philippines, An Đo va Tay Ban Nha, 2/3 la nguoi lai.
Nam 1777, thong đoc moi cua tieu bang California, Felipe de Neve, gioi thieu đen pho vuong Tan Tay Ban Nha rang noi đuoc phat trien thanh tinh (thi tran). Khu vuc nay đuoc đat ten la El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles del Rio de Porciuncula ("Thi tran cua Đuc ba Nu hoang cua cac thien than cua song Porciuncula"). No van la mot thi tran nho trong nhieu thap ky, nhung nam 1829 dan so đa tang len khoang 650, khien no la cong đong dan su lon nhat o California thuoc Tay Ban Nha. Ngay nay, outline cua Pueblo van đuoc gin giu o mot tuong đai lich su quen đuoc goi la đuong Olvera, truoc đay la đuong Ruou, đuoc đat ten theo Augustin Olvera.
Tan Tay Ban Nha đa gianh đuoc đoc lap khoi Đe quoc Tay Ban Nha nam 1821 va tinh van tiep tuc la mot phan cua Mexico. Su cai tri cua Mexico đa cham dut trong Chien tranh Mexico-Hoa Ky, khi nguoi My gianh đuoc quyen kiem soat tu nguoi Californio sau mot loat cac cuoc chien. Tran chien San Pascual, Tran chien Dominguez va sau cung la Tran chien Rio San Gabriel nam 1847. Hiep uoc Cahuenga đuoc ky ngay 13 thang 1 nam 1847, cham dut thu đich o California va sau đo Hiep uoc Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), chinh phu Mexico đa chinh thuc nhuong Alta California va cac lanh tho khac cho Hoa Ky. Nhung nguoi chau Au va My đa cung co su kiem soat thanh pho sau khi ho di cu đen California trong Con sot vang California va đam bao su gia nhap sau đo cua California vao Hoa Ky nam 1850.
Đuong sat đa đen khi Cong ty đuong sat Nam Thai Binh Duong (Southern Pacific Railroad) đa hoan thanh tuyen đuong sat đen Los Angeles nam 1876. Dau mo đuoc phat hien nam 1892 va đen nam 1923, Los Angeles đa cap ¼ luong dau mo the gioi. Mot nhan to gop phan phat trien thanh pho la nuoc. Nam 1913, William Mulholland hoan thanh đuong ong dan nuoc đam bao cho su tang truong cua thanh pho. Nam 1915, Thanh pho Los Angeles bat đau sap nhap them hang chuc cong đong dan cu xung quanh khong tu cap nuoc cho chinh minh đuoc. Mot tai khoan đuoc tieu thuyet hoa rong cua Chien tranh nuoc thung lung Owens co the đuoc tim thay trong phim đien anh pho Tau nam 1974.
Trong thap nien 1920, phim hoat hinh va nganh hang khong đa đo xo đen Los Angeles đa giup thanh pho phat trien. Thanh pho nay la noi đang cai The van hoi Mua he 1932 chung kien su phat trien cua Đoi Baldwin la Lang Olympic ban đau. Thoi ky nay cung chung kien su di dan đen cua nhung nguoi luu vong tu cac cang thang hau chien o chau Au, bao gom nhung nha quy toc nhu Thomas Mann, Fritz Lang, Bertolt Brecht, Arnold Schoenberg va Lion Feuchtwanger. Chien tranh the gioi thu hai mang đen phat trien va thinh vuong moi cho thanh pho nay, du nhieu nguoi My goc Nhat bi cho đen cac trai tap trung trong thoi ky dien ra cuoc chien. Thoi ky hau chien chung kien mot su bung no lon hon khi su lan ra cua đo thi đa mo rong đen Thung lung San Fernando. Nhung cuoc bao loan Watts nam 1965 va "con gian" cua Truong trung hoc Chicano cung voi su tam đinh chi Chicano đa cho thay su chia re chung toc sau sac hien huu trong thanh pho nay. Nam 1969, Los Angeles đa la mot trong hai "noi sinh" ra Internet khi su truyen ARPANET đuoc gui tu UCLA đen SRI o Menlo Park, California. The van hoi Mua he 1984 đa đuoc Los Angeles đang cai nam 1984. Thanh pho lai đuoc thu thach qua Bao loan Los Angeles 1992 va Tran đong đat Northridge 1994 va nam 2002 su co gang ly khai cua Thung lung Fernando va Hollywood đa bi that bai trong cuoc bo phieu. Su tai phat trien va su sang trong hoa đo thi đa dien ra o nhieu noi trong thanh pho, đac biet la trung tam.


Đia ly Theo Cuc Đieu tra Dan so Hoa Ky, thanh pho co tong dien tich 498,3 dam vuong (1.290,6 km²), 469,1 dam vuong (1.214.9 km²) la dien tich đat va 29,2 dam vuong (75,7 km²) la dien tich mat nuoc, dien tich mat nuoc chiem 5,86%.
Khoang cac cuc bac va cuc nam la 44 dam (71 km), khoang cac giua cuc đong-tay la 29 dam (47 km), va chieu dai cua bien gioi thanh pho la 342 dam (550 km). Dien tich đat lon thu 9 trong cac thanh pho cua Hoa Ky luc đia. Điem cao nhat cua Los Angeles la Đinh Sister Elsie (5.080 feet) thuoc phia xa ve phia Tay Bac cua Thung Lung San Fernando thuoc mot phan cua rang nui Lukens. Song Los Angeles la mot con song phan lon la theo mua chay xuyen qua thanh pho co thuong nguon o Thung lung San Fernando. Suot chieu dai cua song hoan toan bi ke bang be tong. Vung Los Angeles kha phong phu ve cac loai thuc vat ban đia. Voi nhung bai bien, đun cat, vung đat ngap nuoc, đoi, nui va song, khu vuc nay chua đung mot so quan cu sinh vat quan trong. Khu vuc rong nhat la tham thuc vat bui cay xo thom ven bien bao boc cac suon đoi o chaparral de bat lua. Cac loai cay ban đia bao gom: cay thuoc phien California, cay thuoc phien matilija, toyon, cay soi bo bien, co lua mach đen hoang da khong lo, va hang tram loai khac. That khong may, nhieu loai cay ban đia qua hiem va co nguy co tuyet chung nhu hoa huong duong Los Angeles,...
Co nhieu loai hoa la va nhung cay co hoa no hoa quanh nam voi mau sac huyen ao va đa dang,...


= Đia chat =

Los Angeles chiu đong đat do gan đuong đut gay San Andreas, cung nhu cac ranh đut nho hon San Jacinto va Banning. Tran đong đat lon gan đay nhat la Tran đong đat Northridge 1994, co tam chan o phia Bac Thung lung San Fernando. Chua đen 2 nam sau cac vu bao loan 1992, Tran đong đat Northridge đa la mot cu soc lon cho dan Nam California va gay thiet hai vat chat len đen hang ty dollar My. Cac tran đong đat khac o khu vuc Los Angeles bao gom Tran đong đat Whittier Narrows 1987, Tran đong đat Sylmar 1971, va Tran đong đat Long Beach 1993. Tuy nhien, phan lon cac tran đong đat la kha nho. Nhieu khu vuc o Los Angeles trai qua tu mot đen hai tran đong đat nho moi nam nhung khong co thiet hai. Cac du chan rat kho cam nhan ma chi thong qua may đo đia chan đuoc ghi nhan hang ngay. Nhieu phan cua thanh pho cung de bi anh huong boi song than Thai Binh Duong; cac khu vuc ben cang đa tung bi hu hai boi cac đot song tu Tran đong đat Đai Chile nam 1960.


= Canh quan thanh pho =
Thanh pho ban đau đuoc chia ra nhieu khu dan cu, nhieu trong so đo đa bi sap nhap khi thanh pho ngay cang đuoc mo rong. Cung co nhieu thanh pho đoc lap ben trong va xung quanh Los Angeles, nhung cac thanh pho nay thuong đuoc xep nhom vao thanh pho Los Angeles, do Los Angeles nuot chung hoac nam ben trong vung lan can cua no.
Noi chung, thanh pho đuoc chia ra cac khu vuc sau: Trung tam L.A., Đong L.A., Nam Los Angeles, Khu vuc Cang, Hollywood, Wilshire, Westside, va San Fernando va cac thung lung Crescenta.
Mot vai cong đong cua Los Angeles bao gom Bai bien Venice...


= Khi hau =


= Cac van đe moi truong =

Do vi tri đia ly, Los Angeles nhay cam voi đao nguoc khi quyen, o to la phuong tien chinh va cong voi phuc hop cang L.A./Long Beach, thanh pho chiu o nhiem khong khi duoi dang khoi mu. Long chao Los Angeles va Thung lung San Fernando giu lai khoi cua xe o to, xe tai chay diesel, tau thuy, va cac đong co đau may xe lua cung nhu cong nghiep che tao va cac nguon khac. Ngoai ra, nuoc ngam đang bi đe doa gia tang boi MTBE tu cac tram xang va perchlorat tu nhien lieu rocket. Khong nhu cac thanh pho khac nho mua đe rua sach khoi mu, Los Angeles chi nhan đuoc 15 inches (380 mm) mua moi nam, do đo khoi mu co the tich tu tang len lien tuc moi ngay. Đieu nay đa khien cho bang California tim kiem cac loai xe co co chat thai it. Nho đo, muc o nhiem đa giam trong nhung thap ky gan đay..


Dan cu Theo thong ke cua 2006–2008 American Community Survey, top 10 nhom dan co nguon goc chau Au la:

Đuc: 4.5% (170,483)
Ireland: 3.9% (146,658)
Anh: 3.5% (129,684)
Y: 2.8% (100,145)
Nga: 2.6% (98,737)
Ba Lan: 1.6% (59,774)
Phap: 1.2% (45,127)
Scotland: 0.8% (28,931)
Thuy Đien: 0.6% (23,227)
Scotland-Ireland: 0.6% (22,651)
Nguon:
So lieu thong ke tu U.S. Census Bureau cho biet so dan cua thanh pho la 3,833,995. California Department of Finance thong ke dan so la 4,094,764 vao ngay 1, thang 1 nam 2009.


Kinh te Nen kinh te cua Los Angeles đuoc thuc đay boi thuong mai quoc te, truyen hinh giai tri, đien anh, cong nghe am nhac, khong gian, cong nghe, dau khi, thoi trang, trang suc, du lich. Los Angeles cung la trung tam che tao lon nhat Hoa Ky. Cac Cang Los Angeles va cang Long Beach cung nhau tao thanh cang quan trong o Bac My va la mot trong nhung cang quan trong cua the gioi va co vai tro quan trong đoi voi thuong mai trong Vanh đai Thai Binh Duong. Cac nganh quan trong khac bao gom truyen thong, tai chinh, vien thong, luat, y te, van tai.
Trong nhieu nam, cho đen giua thap nien 1990, Los Angeles la noi đong tru so cua nhieu đinh che tai chinh o mien Tay nuoc My, bao gom First Interstate Bank, đa đuoc sap nhap voi Wells-Fargo nam 1996, Great Western Bank, đa sap nhap voi Washington Mutual nam 1998, va Security Pacific National Bank, đa sap nhap voi Bank of America nam 1992. Los Angeles cung la noi đong tru so cua So giao dich chung khoan Pacific cho đen khi ngung hoat đong nam 2001.
Vung đo thi Los Angeles co tong san pham vung đo thi 1000 ty USD nam 2017, la vung đo thi kinh te lon thu 3 the gioi, sau cac vung đo thi Tokyo va New York. Los Angeles đuoc xep hang la "thanh pho toan cau alpha" theo mot nghien cuu nam 2012 boi mot nhom tai Đai hoc Loughborough.
Thanh pho nay la noi đong tru so cua 3 cong ty nam trong Fortune 500 bao gom nha thau khong gian Northrop Grumman, cong ty nang luong Occidental Petroleum Corporation, va cong ty xay nha o KB Home. Đai hoc Nam California (USC) la đon vi tu nhan thue nhan cong lon nhat thanh pho.
Cac cong ty đong tru so o Los Angeles bao gom Twentieth Century Fox, Latham & Watkins, Univision, Metro Interactive, LLC, Premier America, CB Richard Ellis, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Guess?, O'Melveny & Myers LLP, Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP, Tokyopop, The Jim Henson Company, Paramount Pictures, Robinsons-May, Sunkist, Fox Sports Net, Health Net, Inc., 21st Century Insurance, L.E.K. Consulting, va The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf.

Vung đo thi co tru so cua nhieu cong ty khac, nhieu trong so đo muon roi khoi thanh pho đe tranh thue ma cao. Vi du, Los Angeles đanh thue tong cong tren phan tram doanh thu kinh doanh, trong khi cac thanh pho xung quanh chi đanh mot muc ty le co đinh nho. Do đo cac cong ty gan thanh pho nay tranh đuoc thue cao. Mot vao cong ty đong o Hat Los Angeles la Shakey's Pizza (Alhambra), Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Beverly Hills), City National Bank (Beverly Hills), Hilton Hotels (Beverly Hills), DiC Entertainment (Burbank), The Walt Disney Company (Fortune 500 – Burbank), Warner Bros. (Burbank), Countrywide Financial Corporation (Fortune 500 – Calabasas), THQ (Calabasas), Belkin (Compton), Sony Pictures Entertainment (parent of Columbia Pictures, located in Culver City), Computer Sciences Corporation (Fortune 500 – El Segundo), DirecTV (El Segundo), Mattel (Fortune 500 – El Segundo), Unocal (Fortune 500 – El Segundo), DreamWorks SKG (Glendale), Sea Launch (Long Beach), ICANN (Marina Del Rey), Cunard Line (Santa Clarita), Princess Cruises (Santa Clarita), Activision (Santa Monica), va RAND (Santa Monica).


Du lich Thanh pho nay co biet danh la Thanh pho cua cac Thien than. Los Angeles la trung tam kinh doanh, thuong mai quoc te, giai tri, van hoa, truyen thong, thoi trang, khoa hoc, the thao, cong nghe va giao duc. Los Angeles la co so cua Hollywood nen thanh pho đuoc menh danh la "Thu đo giai tri the gioi", thanh pho nay co nhieu nhan vat noi tieng tren the gioi.


Cac truong đai hoc va cao đang Co nhieu truong đai hoc va cao đang cong o thanh pho nay, bao gom Đai hoc California tai Los Angeles, Đai hoc Tieu bang California, Los Angeles, va Đai hoc Tieu bang California, Northridge. Cac truong đai hoc cong gan Los Angeles bao gom: Đai hoc Tieu bang California, Long Beach, Đai hoc Tieu bang California, Dominguez Hills va Bach khoa Cali Pomona.


Cac thanh pho ket nghia Los Angeles co 25 thanh pho ket nghia, đuoc liet ke theo thu tu thoi gian theo nam đa tham gia:


Xem them Khu hoc chanh Los Angeles


Chu thich Tham khao Carey McWilliams (2009). Southern California: An Island on the Land (an ban thu 9). Peregrine Smith. ISBN 9780879050078.
Richard White (1991). It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806125671.
David Rieff (1992). Los Angeles: Capital of the Third World. Touchstone. ISBN 9780671792107.
Peter Theroux (1994). Translating LA: A Tour of the Rainbow City. Norton. ISBN 9780393313949.
Paul Glover (1995). Los Angeles: A History of the Future. Greenplanners. ISBN 9780962291104.
Leonard Pitt & Dale Pitt (2000). Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520205307.
Kevin Starr and David Ulin (2009). Jim Heimann (bien tap). Los Angeles: Portrait of a City. Taschen America. ISBN 9783836502917.
Reyner Banham (2009). Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies (an ban thu 2). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520260153.
Mike Davis (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. Verso. ISBN 9781844675685.
Robert M. Fogelson (1993). The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles 1850–1930. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520082304.
Norman M. Klein (1997). The History of Forgetting: Los Angeles and the Erasure of Memory. Verso. ISBN 9781844672424.
Sam Hall Kaplan (2000). L.A. Lost & Found: An Architectural History of Los Angeles. Hennessey and Ingalls. ISBN 9780940512238.
Torin Monahan (2002). "Los Angeles Studies: The Emergence of a Specialty Field". City & Society. Quyen XIV so 2. tr. 155–184. (available online)
Acuna, Rodolfo (1996). Anything but Mexican: Chicanos in contemporary Los Angeles. Verso. ISBN 978-1-85984-031-3. Truy cap ngay 30 thang 9 nam 2011.
Lynell George (1992). No Crystal Stair: African Americans in the City of Angels. Verso. ISBN 9780860913894.
Josh Sides (2006). L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520248304.
Eduardo Obregon Pagan (2006). Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race, and Riot in Wartime L.A. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807854945.
R. J. Smith (2007). The Great Black Way: L.A. in the 1940s and the Last African American Renaissance. PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586485214.
Lillian Faderman and Stuart Timmons (2006). Gay L. A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, And Lipstick Lesbians. Basic Books. ISBN 046502288X.
Daniel Hurewitz (2007). Bohemian Los Angeles: and the Making of Modern Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520249259.
Marc Reisner (1986). Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780140178241.
Chip Jacobs and William Kelly (2008). Smogtown: The Lung-Burning History of Pollution in Los Angeles. Outlook Hardcover. ISBN 1585678600.
David L. Ulin, bien tap (2002). Writing Los Angeles: A Literary Anthology. Library of America. ISBN 9781931082273.
Cecile Whiting (2008). Pop L.A.: Art and the City in the 1960s. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520256347.


Lien ket ngoai Tu lieu lien quan toi Los Angeles, California tai Wikimedia Commons

City of Los Angeles Official Website
ExperienceLA.com
Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce
Los Angeles Convention & Visitors Bureau
Los Angeles magazine
Los Angeles Neighborhood Councils Luu tru ngay 15 thang 4 nam 2010 tai Wayback Machine
Los Angeles Online Magazine LA2day
Historic Bridges of Los Angeles County Luu tru ngay 14 thang 4 nam 2009 tai Wayback Machine