Thuyen truong James Cook FRS (27 thang 10 nam 1728 – 14 thang 2 nam 1779) la mot nha tham hiem, hoa tieu va nguoi chuyen ve ban đo nguoi Anh. Sau khi đuoc thang len chuc vu thuyen truong trong Hai quan Hoang gia Anh, Cook đa thuc hien ba chuyen hai trinh đen Thai Binh Duong, tro thanh nguoi chau Au đau tien đat chan đen bo bien phia đong cua Uc; ong cung la nguoi chau Au đau tien phat hien ra quan đao Hawaii va la nguoi đau tien đuoc ghi nhan la đi vong quanh New Zealand.
Sau khi phuc vu trong đoi thuong thuyen Anh o tuoi thieu nien, ong tham gia Hai quan Hoang gia vao nam 1755, tham gia Chien tranh bay nam, roi sau đo nghien cuu va ve ban đo nhieu chuyen đi đen Song Saint Lawrence trong tran vay ham Quebec. Đieu nay đa giup tuong James Wolfe thuc hien cuoc đot kich noi tieng o vung đong bang Abraham, giup ong co đuoc su chu y cua Hoi đong Đo đoc Anh (Admiralty) va Hoi đong Hoang gia Anh (Royal Society) tai mot thoi điem quyet đinh ca trong su nghiep ca nhan cua ong va qua trinh phat hien nhung vung đat moi cua Anh Quoc, va James Cook tro thanh nguoi chi huy con tau HM Bark Endeavour va chuyen đi đau tien trong ba chuyen hai trinh đen Thai Binh Duong cua ong vao nam 1766.
Ong la nguoi đau tien đa ve chinh xac hai đo cua nhieu vung đat va ghi lai nhieu hon đao va đuong bien tren ban đo chau Au. Nhung thanh tich lon lao đo cua ong co the do su ket hop cua tai đi bien xuat sac, co ky nang gioi ve nghien cuu đo đac va ve ban đo, can đam kham pha nhung noi nguy hiem đe xac nhan su that - vi du nhu nhieu lan tim hieu Vong Nam Cuc (Antarctic Circle) va kham pha quanh vung Đai Bao Tieu (Great Barrier Reef), kha nang lanh đao trong nhung đieu kien bat loi, su tao bao trong nhung cuoc tham hiem va su san sang vuot troi hon nhung chi dan cua bo Hoi đong Đo đoc.
Trong lan vieng tham thu hai đen Hawaii, Cook đa cap ben Kealakekua (noi đuoc coi la cang thieng lieng cua nguoi Hawaii) tai thoi điem nguoi dan đia phuong đang to chuc mot le hoi ton giao. Nen Cook va đoan tuy tung đa đuoc chao đon nhu than linh va ho cung đa loi dung long tot cua nguoi Hawaii trong nhieu thang tiep theo. Mai đen khi mot trong nhung thuy thu chet, lam lo ra rang nguoi chau Au cung chi la con nguoi binh thuong, thi moi quan he moi tro nen cang thang. Vao ngay 04/02/1779, đoan tau Anh khoi hanh tu vinh Kealakekua, nhung bien đong đa lam hu hong cot buom cua tau Resolution, va chi sau mot tuan, đoan tham hiem đa bi buoc phai quay tro lai Hawaii.
Nguoi Hawaii đa "chao đon" Cook va cac thuy thu bang cach nem đa; sau đo ho lay trom mot chiec thuyen nho tu Discovery. Cac cuoc đam phan voi vua Kalaniopuu nham lay lai chiec thuyen đa sup đo khi mot lanh đao nguoi Hawaii bi ban chet. Đam đong nguoi Hawaii lien tan cong đoan cua Cook. Thuyen truong va cac thuy thu đa na đan vao nhung nguoi Hawaii đang tuc gian, nhung ho đa nhanh chong bi ap đao, va chi co mot vai nguoi may man tron thoat an toan đen tau Resolution. Thuyen truong Cook thi bi đam đong giet chet. Mot vai ngay sau, nguoi Anh tra đua bang cach ban đai bac va hoa mai tai bo bien, giet chet 30 nguoi Hawaii. Sau đo, hai con tau Resolution va Discovery cuoi cung cung tro ve nuoc Anh.


Thieu thoi James Cook sinh o lang Marton, Yorkshire, nay la ngoai o cua Middlesbrough. Ong đuoc rua toi tai nha tho đia phuong St. Cuthbert. Nam 1736, gia đinh ong chuyen đen nong trai Airey Holme o Great Ayton, noi cho ong lam viec, Thomas Skottowe, đa cho ong vao hoc truong đia phuong. Nam 1741, sau 5 nam đi hoc, ong bat đau lam viec voi cha minh, khi cha ong đuoc đe cu lam quan ly nong trai.


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http://nghiencuuquocte.org/2017/02/14/thuyen-truong-james-cook-bi-giet-o-hawaii/


Lien ket ngoai Tu lieu lien quan toi James Cook tai Wikimedia Commons
'Cook, James (1728 - 1779)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 243–244
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Captain Cook Society
The Endeavour journal (1) and The Endeavour journal (2), as kept by James Cook – digitised and held by the National Library of Australia
Captain James Cook: The World's Explorer
Life in the Pacific of the 1700s: The Cook/Forster Collection of the Georg August University of Gottingen Luu tru ngay 15 thang 6 nam 2006 tai Wayback Machine exhibition at the Honolulu Academy of Arts, 23 February – 14 thang 5 nam 2006
The South Seas Project: maps and online editions of the Journals of James Cook's First Pacific Voyage. 1768–1771, Includes full text of journals kept by Cook, Joseph Banks and Sydney Parkinson, as well as the complete text of John Hawkesworth's 1773 Account of Cook's first voyage.
Cac tac pham cua James Cook tai Du an Gutenberg
See a k. 1780 map of Cook's third voyage by Rigobert Bonne, Carte de la Cote N.O. de l'Amerique et de la Cote N.E. de l'Asie reconnues en 1778 et 1779 / par M. Bonne, Ingenieur-Hydrographe de la Marine hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
Discovery of New Zealand
Captain Cook's Voyages by Izidor Hafner, Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
Cook's Pacific Encounters: Cook-Forster Collection online Images and descriptions of more than 300 artefacts collected during the three Pacific voyages of James Cook.
Images and descriptions of items associated with James Cook at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Luu tru ngay 23 thang 10 nam 2013 tai Wayback Machine
Cac cong trinh lien quan hoac cua James Cook tren cac thu vien cua thu muc (WorldCat)
Tai lieu luu tru lien quan đen James Cook liet ke tai Co quan luu tru quoc gia Vuong quoc Anh
Digitised copies of log books from James Cook's voyages Luu tru ngay 6 thang 6 nam 2011 tai Wayback Machine at the British Atmospheric Data Centre