usc:us:40:121

text: U.S.C. Title 40 - PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTY, AND WORKS 40 U.S.C. United States Code, 2024 Edition Title 40 - PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTY, AND WORKS SUBTITLE I - FEDERAL PROPERTY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL SUBCHAPTER III - ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL Sec. 121 - Administrative From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov §121. Administrative (a) Policies Prescribed by the President .—The President may prescribe policies and directives that the President considers necessary to carry out this subtitle. The policies must be consistent with this subtitle. (b) Accounting Principles and Standards.— (1) Prescription .—The Comptroller General, after considering the needs and requirements of executive agencies, shall prescribe principles and standards of accounting for property. (2) Property accounting systems .—The Comptroller General shall cooperate with the Administrator of General Services and with executive agencies in the development of property accounting systems and approve the systems when they are adequate and in conformity with prescribed principles and standards. (3) Compliance review .—From time to time the Comptroller General shall examine the property accounting systems established by executive agencies to determine the extent of compliance with prescribed principles and standards and approved systems. The Comptroller General shall report to Congress any failure to comply with the principles and standards or to adequately account for property. (c) Regulations by Administrator.— (1) General authority .—The Administrator may prescribe regulations to carry out this subtitle. (2) Required regulations and orders .—The Administrator shall prescribe regulations that the Administrator considers necessary to carry out the Administrator's functions under this subtitle and the head of each executive agency shall issue orders and directives that the agency head considers necessary to carry out the regulations. (d) Delegation of Authority by Administrator.— (1) In general .—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Administrator may delegate authority conferred on the Administrator by this subtitle to an official in the General Services Administration or to the head of another federal agency. The Administrator may authorize successive redelegation of authority conferred by this subtitle. (2) Exceptions .—The Administrator may not delegate— (A) the authority to prescribe regulations on matters of policy applying to executive agencies; (B) the authority to transfer functions and related allocated amounts from one component of the Administration to another under paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(A) of subsection (e); or (C) other authority for which delegation is prohibited by this subtitle. (3) Retention and use of rental payments .—A department or agency to which the Administrator has delegated authority to operate, maintain or repair a building or facility under this subsection shall retain the portion of the rental payment that the Administrator determines is available to operate, maintain or repair the building or facility. The department or agency shall directly expend the re tained amounts to operate, maintain, or repair the building or facility. Any amounts retained under this paragraph shall remain available until expended for these purposes. (e) Assignment of Functions by Administrator.— (1) In general .—The Administrator may provide for the performance of a function assigned under this subtitle by any of the following methods: (A) The Administrator may direct the Administration to perform the function. (B) The Administrator may designate or establish a component of the Administration and direct the component to perform the function. (C) The Administrator may transfer the function from one component of the Administration to another. (D) The Administrator may direct an executive agency to perform the function for itself, with the consent of the agency or by direction of the President. (E) The Administrator may direct one executive agency to perform the function for another executive agency, with the consent of the agencies concerned or by direction of the President. (F) The Administrator may provide for performance of a function by a combination of the methods described in this paragraph. (2) Transfer of resources.— (A) Within administration .—If the Administrator transfers a function from one component of the Administration to another, the Administrator may also provide for the transfer of appropriate allocated amounts from the component that previously carried out the function to the component being directed to carry out the function. A transfer under this subparagraph must be reported to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. (B) Between agencies .—If the Administrator transfers a function from one executive agency to another (including a transfer to or from the Administration), the Administrator may also provide for the transfer of appropriate personnel, records, property, and allocated amounts from the executive agency that previously carried out the function to the executive agency being directed to carry out the function. A transfer under this subparagraph is subject to approval by the Director. (f) Advisory Committees .—The Administrator may establish advisory committees to provide advice on any function of the Administrator under this subtitle. Members of the advisory committees shall serve without compensation but are entitled to transportation and not more than $25 a day instead of expenses under section 5703 of title 5. (g) Consultation With Federal Agencies .—The Administrator shall advise and consult with interested federal agencies and seek their advice and assistance to accomplish the purposes of this subtitle. (h) Administering Oaths .—In carrying out investigative duties, an officer or employee of the Administration, if authorized by the Administrator, may administer an oath to an individual. (Pub. L. 107–217, Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1068.) Historical and Revision Notes Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) 121(a), (b) 40:486(a), (b). June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title II, §205, 63 Stat. 389; Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §9, 64 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 87–619, Aug. 31, 1962, 76 Stat. 414. 121(c)(1) 40:751(f). June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §101(f), as added Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII, §832], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–345; Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §832], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–345. 121(c)(2) 40:486(c). 121(d)(1), (2) 40:486(d). 121(d)(3) 40:486a. Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §611], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–355. 121(e)(1) 40:486(e). 40:754 (1st sentence). June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §106, 63 Stat. 381. 121(e)(2)(A) 40:754 (last sentence). 121(e)(2)(B) 40:486(f). 121(f) 40:486(g). 121(g) 40:486(h). 121(h) 40:486(i). In subsection (b)(3), the words "Comptroller General" are substituted for "General Accounting Office" because of 31:702 and for consistency in the revised title. In subsection (d)(3), the words "For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1997, and thereafter" are omitted as unnecessary. In subsection (e)(1)(C), the words "transfer the function from one component of the Administration to another" are substituted for "from time to time, to regroup, transfer, and distribute any such functions within the General Services Administration" (in 40:754 (1st sentence)) for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words. In subsection (e)(2), subparagraph (A) is substituted for 40:754 (last sentence) and subparagraph (B) is substituted for 40:486(f) to use more consistent terminology and to clarify the requirements and applicability of each provision. The words "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" are substituted for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget" in sections 106 (last sentence) and 205(f) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 because the office of Director of the Bureau of the Budget was redesignated the Director of the Office of Management and Budget by section 102(b) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (84 Stat. 2085). Section 102 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970, was repealed by section 5(b) of the Act of September 13, 1982 (Public Law 97–258, 96 Stat. 1085), the first section of which enacted Title 31, United States Code, but the successor provision, 31:502, continued the designation as Director of the Office of Management and Budget. In subsection (f), the words "expenses under" are substituted for "subsistence, as authorized by" for consistency in the revised title. The words "section 5703 of title 5" are substituted for "section 5 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b–2)" in section 205(g) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 because of section 7(b) of the Act of September 6, 1966 (Public Law 89–554, 80 Stat. 631), the first section of which enacted Title 5, United States Code. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries Termination of Advisory Committees Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Executive Documents Ex. Ord. No. 12072. Federal Space Management Ex. Ord. No. 12072, Aug. 16, 1978, 43 F.R. 36869, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13946, §1, Aug. 24, 2020, 85 F.R. 52879; Ex. Ord. No. 14091, §6(c), Feb. 16, 2023, 88 F.R. 10830, provided: By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 205(a) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (40 U.S.C. 486(a)) [now 40 U.S.C. 121(a)], and in order to prescribe appropriate policies and directives, not inconsistent with that Act [now chapters 1 to 11 of this title and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of Title 41, Public Contracts] and other applicable provisions of law, for the planning, acquisition, utilization, and management of Federal space facilities, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1–1. Space Acquisition 1–101. Federal facilities and Federal use of space in urban areas shall serve to strengthen the Nation's cities and to make them attractive places to live and work. Such Federal space shall conserve existing urban resources and encourage the development and redevelopment of cities. 1–102. Procedures for meeting space needs in urban areas shall give serious consideration to the impact a site selection will have on improving the social, economic, environmental, and cultural conditions of the communities in the urban area. 1–103. Except where such selection is otherwise prohibited, the process for meeting Federal space needs in urban areas shall give first consideration to a centralized community business area and adjacent areas of similar character, including other specific areas which may be recommended by local officials. 1–104. The process of meeting Federal space needs in urban areas shall be consistent with the policies of this Order and shall include consideration of the following criteria: (a) Compatability [sic] of the site with State, regional, or local development, redevelopment, or conservation objectives. (b) Conformity with the activities and programs of other Federal agencies. (c) Impact on economic development and employment opportunities in the urban area, including the utilization of human, natural, cultural, and community resources. (d) Availability of adequate low and moderate income housing for Federal employees and their families on a nondiscriminatory basis. (e) Availability of adequate public transportation and parking and accessibility to the public. 1–105. Procedures for meeting space needs in urban areas shall be consistent with the policies of this Order and shall include consideration of the following alternatives: (a) Availability of existing Federally controlled facilities. (b) Utilization of buildings of historic, architectural, or cultural significance within the meaning of section 105 of the Public Buildings Cooperative Use Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 2507, 40 U.S.C. 612a) [now 40 U.S.C. 3306]. (c) Acquisition or utilization of existing privately owned facilities. (d) Construction of new facilities. (e) Opportunities for locating cultural, educational, recreational, or commercial activities within the proposed facility. 1–106. Site selection and space assignments shall take into account the management needs for consolidation of agencies or activities in common or adjacent space in order to improve administration and management and effect economies. 1–2. Administrator of General Services 1–201. The Administrator of General Services shall develop programs to implement the policies of this Order through the efficient acquisition and utilization of Federally owned and leased space. In particular, the Administrator shall: (a) Select, acquire, and manage Federal space in a manner which will foster the policies and programs of the Federal government and improve the management and administration of government activities. (b) Issue regulations, standards, and criteria for the selection, acquisition, and management of Federally owned and leased space. (c) Periodically undertake surveys of space requirements and space utilization in the executive agencies. (d) Ensure, in cooperation with the heads of Executive agencies, that their essential space requirements are met in a manner that is economically feasible and prudent. (e) Make maximum use of existing Federally controlled facilities which, in his judgment, are adequate or economically adaptable to meeting the space needs of executive agencies. (f) Annually submit long–range plans and programs for the acquisition, modernization, and use of space for approval by the President. 1–202. The Administrator is authorized to request from any Executive agency such information and assistance deemed necessary to carry out his functions under this Order. Each agency shall, to the extent not prohibited by law, furnish such information and assistance to the Administrator. 1–203. In the process of meeting Federal space needs in urban areas and implementing the policies of this Order, the Administrator shall: (a) Consider the efficient performance of the missions and programs of the agencies, the nature and function of the facilities involved, the convenience of the public served, and the maintenance and improvement of safe and healthful working conditions for employees. (b) Coordinate proposed programs and plans for facilities and space with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. (c) Consult with appropriate Federal, State, regional, and local government officials and consider their recommendations for and objections to a proposed selection site or space acquisition. (d) Coordinate proposed programs and plans for facilities and space in a manner designed to implement the purposes of this Order. (e) Prior to making a final determination concerning the location of Federal facilities, notify the concerned Executive agency of an intended course of action and take into account any additional information provided. 1–204. In ascertaining the social, economic, environmental and other impacts which site selection would have on a community, the Administrator shall, when appropriate, obtain the advice of interested agencies. 1–3. General Provisions 1–301. The heads of Executive agencies shall cooperate with the Administrator in implementing the policies of this Order and shall economize on their use of space. They shall ensure that the Administrator is given early notice of new or changing missions or organizational realignments which affect space requirements. 1–302. Executive agencies which acquire or utilize Federally owned or leased space under authority other than the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended [now chapters 1 to 11 of this title and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of Title 41], shall conform to the provisions of this Order to the extent they have the authority to do so. 1–303. Executive Order No. 11512 of February 27, 1970, is revoked. Executive Order No. 12512 Ex. Ord. No. 12512, Apr. 29, 1985, 50 F.R. 18453, which related to Federal real property management, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13327, §8, Feb. 4, 2004, 69 F.R. 5897, set out below. Ex. Ord. No. 12954. Ensuring the Economical and Efficient Administration and Completion of Federal Government Contracts Ex. Ord. No. 12954, Mar. 8, 1995, 60 F.R. 13023, provided: Efficient economic performance and productivity are directly related to the existence of cooperative working relationships between employers and employees. When Federal contractors become involved in prolonged labor disputes with their employees, the Federal Government's economy, efficiency, and cost of operations are adversely affected. In order to operate as effectively as possible, by receiving timely goods and quality services, the Federal Government must assist the entities with which it has contractual relations to develop stable relationships with their employees. An important aspect of a stable collective bargaining relationship is the balance between allowing businesses to operate during a strike and preserving worker rights. This balance is disrupted when permanent replacement employees are hired. It has been found that strikes involving permanent replacement workers are longer in duration than other strikes. In addition, the use of permanent replacements can change a limited dispute into a broader, more contentious struggle, thereby exacerbating the problems that initially led to the strike. By permanently replacing its workers, an employer loses the accumulated knowledge, experience, skill, and expertise of its incumbent employees. These circumstances then adversely affect the businesses and entities, such as the Federal Government, which rely on that employer to provide high quality and reliable goods or services. NOW, THEREFORE, to ensure the economical and efficient administration and completion of Federal Government contracts, and by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including 40 U.S.C. 486(a) [now 40 U.S.C. 121(a)] and 3 U.S.C. 301, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. It is the policy of the executive branch in procuring goods and services that, to ensure the economical and efficient administration and completion of Federal Government contracts, contracting agencies shall not contract with employers that permanently replace lawfully striking employees. All discretion under this Executive order shall be exercised consistent with this policy. Sec . 2. (a) The Secretary of Labor ("Secretary") may investigate an organizational unit of a Federal contractor to determine whether the unit has permanently replaced lawfully striking workers. Such investigation shall be conducted in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary. (b) The Secretary shall receive and may investigate complaints by employees of any entity covered under section 2(a) of this order where such complaints allege lawfully striking employees have been permanently replaced. (c) The Secretary may hold such hearings, public or private, as he or she deems advisable, to determine whether an entity covered under section 2(a) has permanently replaced lawfully striking employees. Sec . 3. (a) When the Secretary determines that a contractor has permanently replaced lawfully striking employees, the Secretary may make a finding that it is appropriate to terminate the contract for convenience. The Secretary shall transmit that finding to the head of any department or agency that contracts with the contractor. (b) The head of the contracting department or agency may object to the termination for convenience of a contract or contracts of a contractor determined to have permanently replaced legally striking employees. If the head of the agency so objects, he or she shall set forth the reasons for not terminating the contract or contracts in a response in writing to the Secretary. In such case, the termination for convenience shall not be issued. The head of the contracting agency or department shall report to the Secretary those contracts that have been terminated for convenience under this section. Sec . 4. (a) When the Secretary determines that a contractor has permanently replaced lawfully striking employees, the Secretary may debar the contractor, thereby making the contractor ineligible to receive government contracts. The Secretary shall notify the Administrator of the General Services Administration of the debarment, and the Administrator shall include the contractor on the consolidated list of debarred contractors. Departments and agencies shall not solicit offers from, award contracts to, or consent to subcontracts with these contractors unless the head of the agency or his or her designee determines, in writing, that there is a compelling reason for such action, in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation. (b) The scope of the debarment normally will be limited to those organizational units of a Federal contractor that the Secretary finds to have permanently replaced lawfully striking workers. (c) The period of the debarment may not extend beyond the date when the labor dispute precipitating the permanent replacement of lawfully striking workers has been resolved, as determined by the Secretary. Sec . 5. The Secretary shall publish or cause to be published, in the Federal Register, the names of contractors that have, in the judgement of the Secretary, permanently replaced lawfully striking employees and have been the subject of debarment. Sec . 6. The Secretary shall be responsible for the administration and enforcement of this order. The Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the General Services, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, may adopt such rules and regulations and issue such orders as may be deemed necessary and appropriate to achieve the purposes of this order. Sec . 7. Each contracting department and agency shall cooperate with the Secretary and provide such information and assistance as the Secretary may require in the performance of the Secretary's functions under this order. Sec . 8. The Secretary may delegate any function or duty of the Secretary under this order to any officer in the Department of Labor or to any other officer in the executive branch of the Government, with the consent of the head of the department or agency in which that officer serves. Sec . 9. The Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the General Services, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, after consultation with the Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, shall take whatever action is appropriate to implement the provisions of this order and of any related rules, regulations, or orders of the Secretary issued pursuant to this order. Sec . 10. This order is not intended, and should not be construed, to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or its employees. This order is not intended, however, to preclude judicial review of final agency decisions in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 701 et seq. Sec . 11. The meaning of the term "organizational unit of a Federal contractor" as used in this order shall be defined in regulations that shall be issued by the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with affected agencies. This order shall apply only to contracts in excess of the Simplified Acquisition Threshold. Sec . 12. (a) The provisions of section 3 of this order shall only apply to situations in which contractors have permanently replaced lawfully striking employees after the effective date of this order. (b) This order is effective immediately. William J. Clinton. Executive Order No. 12977 Ex. Ord. No. 12977, Oct. 19, 1995, 60 F.R. 54411, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §23, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10624, which established the Interagency Security Committee, was superseded and revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14111, §7, Nov. 27, 2023, 88 F.R. 83811, set out in a note below. Ex. Ord. No. 13327. Federal Real Property Asset Management Ex. Ord. No. 13327, Feb. 4, 2004, 69 F.R. 5897, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13423, §11(c), Jan. 24, 2007, 72 F.R. 3923; Ex. Ord. No. 13693, §16(d), Mar. 19, 2015, 80 F.R. 15881, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 121(a) of title 40, United States Code, and in order to promote the efficient and economical use of Federal real property resources in accordance with their value as national assets and in the best interests of the Nation, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Policy . It is the policy of the United States to promote the efficient and economical use of America's real property assets and to assure management accountability for implementing Federal real property management reforms. Based on this policy, executive branch departments and agencies shall recognize the importance of real property resources through increased management attention, the establishment of clear goals and objectives, improved policies and levels of accountability, and other appropriate action. Sec . 2. Definition and Scope . (a) For the purpose of this executive order, Federal real property is defined as any real property owned, leased, or otherwise managed by the Federal Government, both within and outside the United States, and improvements on Federal lands. For the purpose of this order, Federal real property shall exclude: interests in real property assets that have been disposed of for public benefit purposes pursuant to section 484 of title 40, United States Code [now 40 U.S.C. 541–555], and are now held in private ownership; land easements or rights-of-way held by the Federal Government; public domain land (including lands withdrawn for military purposes) or land reserved or dedicated for national forest, national park, or national wildlife refuge purposes except for improvements on those lands; land held in trust or restricted fee status for individual Indians or Indian tribes; and land and interests in land that are withheld from the scope of this order by agency heads for reasons of national security, foreign policy, or public safety. (b) This order shall not be interpreted to supersede any existing authority under law or by executive order for real property asset management, with the exception of the revocation of Executive Order 12512 of April 29, 1985 [formerly set out as a note above], in section 8 of this order. Sec . 3. Establishment and Responsibilities of Agency Senior Real Property Officer . (a) The heads of all executive branch departments and agencies cited in sections 901(b)(1) and (b)(2) of title 31, United States Code, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall designate among their senior management officials, a Senior Real Property Officer. Such officer shall have the education, training, and experience required to administer the necessary functions of the position for the particular agency. (b) The Senior Real Property Officer shall develop and implement an agency asset management planning process that meets the form, content, and other requirements established by the Federal Real Property Council established in section 4 of this order. The initial agency asset management plan will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget on a date determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. In developing this plan, the Senior Real Property Officer shall: (i) identify and categorize all real property owned, leased, or otherwise managed by the agency, including, where applicable, those properties outside the United States in which the lease agreements and arrangements reflect the host country currency or involve alternative lease plans or rental agreements; (ii) prioritize actions to be taken to improve the operational and financial management of the agency's real property inventory; (iii) make life-cycle cost estimations associated with the prioritized actions; (iv) identify legislative authorities that are required to address these priorities; (v) identify and pursue goals, with appropriate deadlines, consistent with and supportive of the agency's asset management plan and measure progress against such goals; (vi) incorporate planning and management requirements for historic property under Executive Order 13287 of March 3, 2003 [54 U.S.C. 306101 note], and for environmental management under other Executive Orders; and (vii) identify any other information and pursue any other actions necessary to the appropriate development and implementation of the agency asset management plan. (c) The Senior Real Property Officer shall be responsible, on an ongoing basis, for monitoring the real property assets of the agency so that agency assets are managed in a manner that is: (i) consistent with, and supportive of, the goals and objectives set forth in the agency's overall strategic plan under section 306 of title 5, United States Code; (ii) consistent with the real property asset management principles developed by the Federal Real Property Council established in section 4 of this order; and (iii) reflected in the agency asset management plan. (d) The Senior Real Property Officer shall, on an annual basis, provide to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Administrator of General Services: (i) information that lists and describes real property assets under the jurisdiction, custody, or control of that agency, except for classified information; and (ii) any other relevant information the Director of the Office of Management and Budget or the Administrator of General Services may request for inclusion in the Government-wide listing of all Federal real property assets and leased property. (e) The designation of the Senior Real Property Officer shall be made by agencies within 30 days after the date of this order. Sec . 4. Establishment of a Federal Real Property Council . (a) A Federal Real Property Council (Council) is established, within the Office of Management and Budget for administrative purposes, to develop guidance for, and facilitate the success of, each agency's asset management plan. The Council shall be composed exclusively of all agency Senior Real Property Officers, the Controller of the Office of Management and Budget, the Administrator of General Services, and any other full-time or permanent part-time Federal officials or employees as deemed necessary by the Chairman of the Council. The Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget shall also be a member and shall chair the Council. The Office of Management and Budget shall provide funding and administrative support for the Council, as appropriate. (b) The Council shall provide a venue for assisting the Senior Real Property Officers in the development and implementation of the agency asset management plans. The Council shall work with the Administrator of General Services to establish appropriate performance measures to determine the effectiveness of Federal real property management. Such performance measures shall include, but are not limited to, evaluating the costs and benefits involved with acquiring, repairing, maintaining, operating, managing, and disposing of Federal real properties at particular agencies. Specifically, the Council shall consider, as appropriate, the following performance measures: (i) life-cycle cost estimations associated with the agency's prioritized actions; (ii) the costs relating to the acquisition of real property assets by purchase, condemnation, exchange, lease, or otherwise; (iii) the cost and time required to dispose of Federal real property assets and the financial recovery of the Federal investment resulting from the disposal; (iv) the operating, maintenance, and security costs at Federal properties, including but not limited to the costs of utility services at unoccupied properties; (v) the environmental costs associated with ownership of property, including the costs of environmental restoration and compliance activities; (vi) changes in the amounts of vacant Federal space; (vii) the realization of equity value in Federal real property assets; (viii) opportunities for cooperative arrangements with the commercial real estate community; and (ix) the enhancement of Federal agency productivity through an improved working environment. The performance measures shall be designed to enable the heads of executive branch agencies to track progress in the achievement of Government-wide property management objectives, as well as allow for comparing the performance of executive branch agencies against industry and other public sector agencies. (c) The Council shall serve as a clearinghouse for executive agencies for best practices in evaluating actual progress in the implementation of real property enhancements. The Council shall also work in conjunction with the President's Management Council to assist the efforts of the Senior Real Property Officials and the implementation of agency asset management plans. (d) The Council shall be organized and hold its first meeting within 60 days of the date of this order. The Council shall hold meetings not less often than once a quarter each fiscal year. Sec . 5. Role of the General Services Administration . (a) The Administrator of General Services shall, to the extent permitted by law and in consultation with the Federal Real Property Council, provide policy oversight and guidance for executive agencies for Federal real property management; manage selected properties for an agency at the request of that agency and with the consent of the Administrator; delegate operational responsibilities to an agency where the Administrator determines it will promote efficiency and economy, and where the receiving agency has demonstrated the ability and willingness to assume such responsibilities; and provide necessary leadership in the development and maintenance of needed property management information systems. (b) The Administrator of General Services shall publish common performance measures and standards adopted by the Council. (c) The Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Federal Real Property Council, shall establish and maintain a single, comprehensive, and descriptive database of all real property under the custody and control of all executive branch agencies, except when otherwise required for reasons of national security. The Administrator shall collect from each executive branch agency such descriptive information, except for classified information, as the Administrator considers will best describe the nature, use, and extent of the real property holdings of the Federal Government. (d) The Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Federal Real Property Council, may establish data and other information technology (IT) standards for use by Federal agencies in developing or upgrading Federal agency real property information systems in order to facilitate reporting on a uniform basis. Those agencies with particular IT standards and systems in place and in use shall be allowed to continue with such use to the extent that they are compatible with the standards issued by the Administrator. Sec . 6. General Provisions . (a) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall review, through the management and budget review processes, the efforts of departments and agencies in implementing their asset management plans and achieving the Government-wide property management policies established pursuant to this order. (b) The Office of Management and Budget and the General Services Administration shall, in consultation with the landholding agencies, develop legislative initiatives that seek to improve Federal real property management through the adoption of appropriate industry management techniques and the establishment of managerial accountability for implementing effective and efficient real property management practices. (c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the authority of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget with respect to budget, administrative, or legislative proposals. (d) Nothing in this order shall be construed to affect real property for the use of the President, Vice President, or, for protective purposes, the United States Secret Service. Sec . 7. Public Lands . In order to ensure that Federally owned lands, other than the real property covered by this order, are managed in the most effective and economic manner, the Departments of Agriculture and the Interior shall take such steps as are appropriate to improve their management of public lands and National Forest System lands and shall develop appropriate legislative proposals necessary to facilitate that result. Sec . 8. Executive Order 12512 of April 29, 1985, is hereby revoked. Sec . 9. Judicial Review . This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, against the United States, its departments, agencies, or other entities, its officers or employees, or any other person. [Section 3(b)(vi) of Ex. Ord. No. 13327 was amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13423 by substituting "other executive orders" for "Executive Order 13148 of April 21, 2000" and by Ex. Ord. No. 13693 by substituting "other Executive Orders" for "Executive Order 13148 of April 21, 2000". Text of Ex. Ord. No. 13327 set out above reflects the amendment made by Ex. Ord. No. 13693.] Disposing of Unneeded Federal Real Estate—Increasing Sales Proceeds, Cutting Operating Costs, and Improving Energy Efficiency Memorandum of President of the United States, June 10, 2010, 75 F.R. 33987, provided: Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies My Administration is committed to eliminating all forms of Government waste and to leading by example as our Nation transitions to a clean energy economy. For decades, the Federal Government, the largest property owner and energy user in the United States, has managed more real estate than necessary to effectively support its programs and missions. Both taxpayer dollars and energy resources are being wasted to maintain these excess assets. In addition, many of the properties necessary for the Government's work are not operated efficiently, resulting in wasted funds and excessive greenhouse gas pollution. For example, over the past decade, the private sector reduced its data center footprint by capitalizing on innovative technologies to increase efficiencies. However, during that same period, the Federal Government experienced a substantial increase in the number of data centers, leading to increased energy consumption, real property expenditures, and operations and maintenance costs. Past attempts at reducing the Federal Government's civilian real property assets produced small savings and had a minor impact on the condition and performance of mission-critical properties. These efforts were not sufficiently comprehensive in disposing of excess real estate and did not emphasize making more efficient use of existing assets. To eliminate wasteful spending of taxpayer dollars, save energy and water, and further reduce greenhouse gas pollution, I hereby direct executive departments and agencies (agencies) to accelerate efforts to identify and eliminate excess properties. Agencies shall also take immediate steps to make better use of remaining real property assets as measured by utilization and occupancy rates, annual operating cost, energy efficiency, and sustainability. To the extent permitted by law, agency actions shall include accelerating cycle times for identifying excess assets and disposing of surplus assets; eliminating lease arrangements that are not cost effective; pursuing consolidation opportunities within and across agencies in common asset types (such as data centers, office space, warehouses, and laboratories); increasing occupancy rates in current facilities through innovative approaches to space management and alternative workplace arrangements, such as telework; and identifying offsetting reductions in inventory when new space is acquired. Agency actions taken under this memorandum shall align with and support the actions to measure and reduce resource use and greenhouse gas emissions in Federal facilities pursuant to [former] Executive Order 13514 of October 5, 2009 (Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance), and the Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative, which was announced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in February 2010. In total, agency efforts required by this memorandum should produce no less than $3 billion in cost savings by the end of fiscal year 2012, yielded from increased proceeds from the sale of assets and reduced operating, maintenance, and energy expenses from disposals or other space consolidation efforts, including leases that are ended. This is in addition to the Department of Defense's Base Realignment and Closure efforts that are expected to achieve $9.8 billion in savings from fiscal year 2010 to fiscal year 2012, of which $5 billion is a direct result of reduced operating and maintenance from disposals or other consolidation efforts. In addition, in order to address the growth of data centers across the Federal Government, agencies shall immediately adopt a policy against expanding data centers beyond current levels, and shall develop plans to consolidate and significantly reduce data centers within 5 years. Agencies shall submit their plans to OMB for review by August 30, 2010. To achieve these goals, the Director of the OMB shall develop, in consultation with the Administrator of General Services and the Federal Real Property Council established pursuant to Executive Order 13327 of February 4, 2004 (Federal Real Property Asset Management), within 90 days of the date of this memorandum, guidance for actions agencies should take to carry out the requirements of this memorandum. The guidance shall include agency-specific targets to achieve $3 billion in cost savings and shall be developed in consultation with the agencies. The Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Director of the OMB, shall coordinate agency efforts to satisfy the requirements of this memorandum and shall submit to the President periodic reports on the results achieved. This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. The Director of the OMB is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register. Barack Obama. Ex. Ord. No. 14111. Interagency Security Committee Ex. Ord. No. 14111, Nov. 27, 2023, 88 F.R. 83809, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to enhance the quality and effectiveness of security in and protection of buildings and facilities in the United States occupied by Federal employees or Federal contractor workers for nonmilitary activities, and to provide an ongoing entity to address continuing Government-wide security for Federal facilities, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Establishment . There is hereby established the Interagency Security Committee (Committee). The Committee shall consist of: (a) the Secretary of Homeland Security (Secretary); (b) representatives from the following executive departments and agencies (agencies), designated by the heads of such agencies: (i) the Department of State; (ii) the Department of the Treasury; (iii) the Department of Defense; (iv) the Department of Justice; (v) the Department of the Interior; (vi) the Department of Agriculture; (vii) the Department of Commerce; (viii) the Department of Labor; (ix) the Department of Health and Human Services; (x) the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (xi) the Department of Transportation; (xii) the Department of Energy; (xiii) the Department of Education; (xiv) the Department of Veterans Affairs; (xv) the Environmental Protection Agency; (xvi) the Office of Management and Budget; (xvii) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; and (xviii) the General Services Administration; (c) the following officials or their designees: (i) the Director of the United States Marshals Service; (ii) the Director of the Federal Protective Service; (iii) the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency; (iv) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management; and (v) the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and (d) such other Federal officials as the President may from time to time designate. Sec. 2. Chair . The Committee shall be chaired by the Secretary or the designee of the Secretary. Sec. 3. Working Groups . The Committee is authorized to establish interagency working groups to perform such tasks as may be directed by the Committee. Sec. 4. Consultation . The Committee may consult with officials in other Federal Government entities, including the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the United States Postal Service, to perform its responsibilities under this order, and, at the discretion of the Committee, officials from other Federal Government entities may participate in the interagency working groups. Sec. 5. Duties and Responsibilities . The Committee shall: (a) establish policies and standards for security in and protection of Federal facilities; (b) evaluate existing security standards for Federal facilities and develop a strategy to monitor the implementation of such standards to ensure compliance by agencies; (c) take such actions as may be necessary to enhance the quality and effectiveness of security in and protection of Federal facilities, including: (i) encouraging agencies with security responsibilities to share security-related intelligence in a timely and cooperative manner; (ii) assessing technology and information systems as means of providing cost-effective improvements to security in Federal facilities; (iii) developing long-term construction standards for those locations with threat levels or missions that require blast-resistant structures or other specialized security requirements; (iv) evaluating standards for the location of, and special security related to, child care centers in Federal facilities; (v) assisting the Secretary in developing and maintaining a centralized security database of all Federal facilities; and (vi) providing best practices for securing a mobile Federal workforce; and (d) no later than 1 year after the date of this order [Nov. 27, 2023] and biennially thereafter, prepare and provide to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs a summary report describing the results of compliance under subsection 6(c) of this order. Sec. 6. Agency Support and Cooperation . (a) To the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall provide the Committee such administrative services, funds, facilities, staff, and other support services as may be necessary for the performance of its functions under this order. (b) Each agency shall cooperate and comply with the requirements of this order and the policies and standards of the Committee issued pursuant to this order, except in situations in which the Director of National Intelligence, or other United States Intelligence Community official within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence designated by the Director of National Intelligence, determines that compliance would jeopardize intelligence sources and methods. To the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of appropriations, agencies shall provide such cooperation and compliance as may be necessary to enable the Committee to perform its duties and responsibilities under this order. (i) Each agency shall designate a senior official who shall be responsible for agency implementation of, and compliance with, this order. (ii) The senior official shall ensure that the official's agency supports Facility Security Committees, as applicable, in the performance of the official's duties. (c) The Secretary shall monitor agency compliance with the policies and standards of the Committee. Monitoring compliance shall consist, at a minimum, of the following: (i) maintaining compliance benchmarks to measure compliance progress; (ii) requiring periodic compliance reporting by all relevant agencies; and (iii) conducting risk-based compliance verification. (d) In situations in which a Federal facility is occupied by multiple agencies for both military and nonmilitary activities, and each such occupancy is substantial, those occupants shall coordinate on the security of the facility. Sec. 7. Administrative Provision . This order supersedes Executive Order 12977 of October 19, 1995 (Interagency Security Committee) [formerly set out above], which is hereby revoked. To the extent that this order is inconsistent with any provision of any previous Executive Order or Presidential Memorandum, this order shall control. All policies and standards implemented by the Interagency Security Committee that was established pursuant to Executive Order 12977 shall remain in effect until rescinded or replaced by the Committee established pursuant to this order. Sec. 8. Definitions . For purposes of this order: (a) "Agency" means an executive agency, as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code. (b) "Federal facility" means a federally owned or leased building, structure, or the land it resides on, in whole or in part, that is regularly occupied by Federal employees or Federal contractor workers for nonmilitary activities. The term "Federal facility" also means any building or structure acquired by a contractor through ownership or leasehold interest, in whole or in part, solely for the purpose of executing a nonmilitary Federal mission or function under the direction of an agency. The term "Federal facility" does not include public domain land, including improvements thereon; withdrawn lands; or buildings or facilities outside of the United States. (c) "Federal employee" means an employee, as defined in section 2105 of title 5, United States Code, of an agency. (d) "Federal contractor worker" means any individual who performs work for or on behalf of any agency under a contract, subcontract, or contract-like instrument and who, in order to perform the work specified under the contract, subcontract, or contract-like instrument, requires access to space, information, information technology systems, staff, or other assets of the Federal Government in buildings and facilities of the United States. Such contracts include the following: (i) personal service contracts; (ii) contracts between any non-Federal entity and any agency; and (iii) subcontracts between any non-Federal entity and another non-Federal entity to perform work related to the primary contract with an agency. (e) "Facility Security Committee" means a committee that is established in accordance with an Interagency Security Committee standard, and that is responsible for addressing facility-specific security issues and approving the implementation of security measures and practices in multi-tenant facilities. Sec. 9. General Provisions . (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. J.R. Biden, Jr.