justicedao/ipfs_state_laws huggingface dataset:
437-007-0625 Mollies (1) Mollies must not be used to connect eyes of load-bearing lines. (2) Mollies or cold shuts must not be used in butt rigging as a load-bearing connection. (3) The use of mollies for attaching guylines is prohibited. (4) Mollies must be rolled in with the lay of the line. (5) Mollies, latchpins, or cotterkeys must be large enough to retain the shackle pin. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0630 Connectors (1) Guyline extensions must be connected by: (a) A shackle using a safety pin connecting spliced and/or pressed eyes; or (b) Poured nubbins and a double-end hook. Figure 7-5 — Guyline Connectors — Spliced Eyes Figure 7-6 — Guyline Connectors — Poured Nubbins [Figures not included. See ED. NOTE.] (2) Guyline extension connectors must have at least 1 1/2 times the strength of the guyline. [ED. NOTE: Figures referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0640 Metal Spar Guyline Safety Straps (1) A guyline safety strap or equivalent device must be installed at the top of metal spars to prevent guylines from falling vertically more than 5 feet in case of structural or mechanical failure of the guyline attachment. (2) Metal spar guyline safety straps or equivalent devices must be equal to the individual strength of any guyline being used. (3) The ends of metal spar guyline safety straps must be connected to each other, or installed per manufactuerers’ instructions. NOTE: Two eyes secured with a shackle or two poured nubbins secured in a connector are acceptable for the connections. (4) The use of cable clips or clamps for joining the ends of metal spar guyline safety straps is prohibited. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 2-2005, f. 5-27-05, cert. ef. 6-1-05 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0645 Chokers and Straps (1) In highlead logging, chokers must be at least one size smaller than the mainline. (2) Straps must be equivalently sized for the line they support, e.g., Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) line requires EIPS straps or equivalent strength material. Figure 7-14 — Straps — Line Tension [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (3) Straps or chokers used at or near the ground to hang or support blocks, jacks, tree shoes, or rigging must be sized in accordance with Table 7-7. Table 7-7 — Strap Sizes For Rigging At Or Near The Ground [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.] (4) Straps or chokers used to hang or support blocks, jacks, tree shoes, or rigging in tail and intermediate trees must be sized in accordance with Table 7-8. Table 7-8 — Strap Sizes For Rigging Hung In Tail and Intermediate Support Trees [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.] (5) When a two part strap or two chokers are used to hang a block, jack, tree shoe, or rigging both eyes or ends must be under approximately equal tension. Figure 7-15 — Straps — Line Tension Bridal [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (6) When two equal length chokers are used to hang a block, jack, tree shoe, or rigging in lieu of one choker to gain extra breaking strength, they must be: (a) Arranged as a swede-type connection. (b) Considered as a block hung in two eyes for Table 7-8. (7) For straps hung in trees where the interior angle or angles create excessive loading on the strap as shown in Figure 7-14 additional precautions must be taken, such as using a larger strap, lightening loads, moving the carriage ahead on the line, and so forth to reduce the load on the strap. (8) Straps made of synthetic materials must be arranged so the straps cannot ride up or down from their intended position. (9) Straps made of synthetic materials must be used and replaced in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. [ED. NOTE: Figures and Tables referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0650 Guylines — General Requirements (1) Splicing of guylines is prohibited except to make an eye. (2) Guylines used to stabilize logging machines must be at least of the size, strength and number recommended by the machine manufacturer. (3) Load-bearing guyline angles must not be greater than 50 degrees measured horizontally or that recommended by the machine manufacturer. If suitable anchors are not available or the terrain is so steep that the guyline angle exceeds 50 degrees or the machine manufacturer’s recommendation, additional precautions must be taken, such as rearranging guylines to oppose the load, adding an additional guyline to oppose the load, or narrowing yarding roads. (4) Tail and intermediate support tree guylines must be: (a) Arranged and adjusted so they share the load when lines are tensioned. (b) Kept securely tightened during the yarding process. (c) Made of the same strength material as the line hung in the tree or larger size guylines must be used to provide the same relative strength. EXAMPLE: In 437-007-0650(4)(c), a 1-inch swaged skyline requires guylines equivalent in strength to 5/8-inch swaged guylines. (5) When using tail or intermediate support trees and the line hung in the tree is: (a) 5/8-inch or less, guylines must be at least 3/8-inch. (b) Greater than 5/8-inch and less than 1-inch, guylines must be at least 1/2-inch. (c) 1-inch and larger, guylines must be at least 5/8-inch. (6) A skyline must not be considered a guyline. (7) Machines and equipment used for yarding that are specifically designed to be self-stabilizing during operation may be used without guyline(s). NOTE: Hydraulic excavator-based log loading machines may yard logs without using guylines. (8) Guylines made of synthetic materials, including the end connectors, must have the equivalent strength capacities of wire rope. (9) The manufacturer’s recommendations for out-of-service requirements of synthetic materials must be followed. (10) When guylines are required for towers they must be positioned according to Appendix 7-I, Figure 7-39 through Figure 7-50. (11) Tail or intermediate support tree guylines must not be pretensioned beyond the point of tree stability before the load is applied. (See Figure 7-18.) (12) Trees and unintentional siwashes must not interfere with the proper alignment, placement, or tightening of guylines. (13) Guylines must be hung in a manner to prevent a bight or fouling when they are tightened. [ED. NOTE: Figures and Appendices are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 2-2005, f. 5-27-05, cert. ef. 6-1-05 OSHA 3-2004, f. & cert. ef. 6-7-04 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0655 Guylines — Tail Tree Guying (1) Except as provided for in rule (2) and (5) of this section, a minimum of two guylines must be used on tail trees and located within guying zones to oppose the forces as shown in Figure 7-16 (azimuths 130-150 and 210-230 degrees). Figure 7-16 — Guylines — Tail Trees (2) When the angle of the lines between the tail tree and a tail hold produces an offset of more than 8 degrees between the lines as they enter and leave the tail tree, then at least three guylines are required. (3) If a suitable anchor is not available within a specified guying zone, two guylines may be used in lieu of one guyline for that zone, provided a guyline is placed on both sides of, and as near as possible, to the affected guying zone. (4) When additional guylines are needed in a tree, they must be placed to oppose the yarding forces. (5) Guylines are not required when at the point of rigging attachment the tail tree does not move more than its diameter in the direction of load as shown in Figure 7-18 and the: (a) Tail tree is not within reach of workers. (b) Resulting line movement would not pose a hazard to workers if the tail tree failed. [ED. NOTE: Figures referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 3-2004, f. & cert. ef. 6-7-04 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0670 Spiking and Releasing Spiked Guylines or Skylines (1) Spiked guylines or skylines must be anchored with at least two and one-half wraps around the stump. The first wrap must be secured with at least eight spikes or six staples. The second wrap must be secured with at least three spikes. The last, or top wrap, must be secured with eight spikes or six staples. (See Figure 7-28.) Figure 7-28 — Spiked Guylines and Skylines Anchor [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (2) All the bark must be removed from the stump where the line is wrapped and spiked. (3) Employees must not stand close to the stump or tree or in the bight of the lines as the guyline or skyline wraps are being tightened. (4) When removing spiked guylines or spiked skylines from stumps or trees, a reverse safety wrap (Figure 7-29) must be put on and secured before loosening the last wrap, or the skyline or guyline must be held while the spikes are removed from the last wrap, and snubbed until the tension is relieved. Figure 7-29 — Spiked Guyline Safety Wrap Anchor [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (5) A competent person must be in charge of loosening spiked guylines or skylines, using all precautions and giving warning before lines are released. Safety holdbacks must be used when necessary. [ED. NOTE: Figures referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0675 Selecting, Preparing and Rigging Trees (1) Tail and intermediate support trees must be carefully chosen by a competent person based on position and strength necessary to support the imposed loads. (2) Raised trees must be identified and marked as such. (3) Trees must not be topped during windy weather. (4) At no time must topping, rigging up, or stripping work be done when visibility is impaired. Figure 7-30 — Topping Trees [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (5) Loose equipment, rigging, or material must either be removed from the tree or securely fastened. (6) Skylines with breaking strengths greater than 1-inch IPS (or equivalent) must not be hung in trees where the tree diameter at the point of attachment is less than 12 inches unless precautions are taken to prevent the tree from pinching off. (7) A skyline must not make an angle greater than 50 degrees measured from the horizontal as it leaves the tail tree unless additional precautions are taken to prevent the tree from failing. [ED. NOTE: Figures referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0680 Blocks and Hanging Blocks. (1) Load-bearing blocks must: (a) Not be used for lines other than those for which they are constructed. (b) Be fitted with line guards and be designed and used in a manner that prevents fouling. (c) Be kept in proper alignment when in use. (d) Have bearing and yoke pins of a material that will safely withstand the strains imposed and be securely fastened. (e) Have sheaves of a size designed for the size of the wire rope used. EXCEPTION: 437-007-0680(b) and (e) do not apply to small rig-up (Tommy Moore) blocks. (2) Block bearings must be kept well-lubricated. (3) Sufficient corner or tail blocks to distribute the stress on anchors and attachments must be used on all logging systems. (4) Tail, side, or corner blocks used in yarding must be hung in both eyes of straps or in the single eye of a strap or choker that meets the requirements OAR 437-007-0645, Tables 7-7 and 7-8. (5) The yoke pin of haulback blocks must be inserted with the head facing the direction from which the rigging approaches, when the rigging can reach the block. [ED. NOTE: Tables referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0700 General Work Practices (1) Machines must be operated a sufficient distance from personnel and other machines to not create a hazard for any person. (2) An unimpaired horizontal clearance of not less than 3 feet must be maintained between the rotating superstructure of any machine and any adjacent object or surface. If this clearance cannot be maintained, personnel must be warned of the pinch point area. Measures taken to warn personnel of the pinch point area may consist of a warning line constructed of rope or ribbon supported on stanchions, barriers, cones, flags, etc. (3) Items of personal property, tools or other miscellaneous materials must not be stored on or within 3 feet of any machine if such items would expose personnel to hazards caused by the rotation of the machine’s superstructure. EXCEPTION: These items may be stored within 3 feet when in a locked box or otherwise secured and under the exclusive control of the equipment operator. (4) Personnel must not approach to within 3 feet of a machine when a hazardous area is created by the rotation of the machine’s superstructure without: (a) Informing the operator of their intent. (b) Receiving acknowledgment from the operator that the operator understands their intention. (c) Stopping the machine while personnel are in the hazardous area. (5) No person, other than the operator, may ride on a machine unless seating, seat belts and other protection equivalent to that provided for the operator are provided. (6) Operators must not permit workers to ride on arches, reaches or turns of logs. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0705 General Machine Operator Requirements (1) Machines must be started and operated only by authorized personnel. (2) Operators must be instructed about and comply with the manufacturer's recommendations for machine operation, maintenance, safe work practices, and site operating procedures. (3) Before starting or moving any machine, the operator must determine that personnel are in the clear. (4) Operators must inspect their machines each day before starting work. (5) All machine engines must be off during inspection or repair except where necessary for adjustment or checking fluids. (6) Machines must not be operated with defective steering, braking, other parts or components that are necessary for safe operation. (7) Defective hydraulic hoses, lines and fittings that affect the safe operation of the machine must be immediately replaced. (8) All repairs and adjustments necessary for safe operation must be made before any strain or load is placed upon any machine. (9) Machines must not be operated until all guards are reinstalled, safety devices reactivated, and maintenance equipment removed after adjustments or repairs are made. (10) Operators must start and operate machines only from the operator's station or from a safe area recommended by the manufacturer. (11) At the start of each shift, machine operators must test all drum brakes before taking a load. (12) Machines must be operated within their stability limits. (13) Loads on forklift-type log handling machines must be transported: (a) As low as safely possible. (b) In a manner that minimizes obstructing the operator’s view. (14) The machine operator must apply the parking brake, brake locks or other equivalent means to hold the machine stationary before dismounting. (15) Blades must be lowered to the ground or other stable surfaces while the operator is out of the normal operating work station. (16) Grapples, delimber masts, feller buncher attachments, forks and other similar devices must be stable and pose no hazard to others while the operator is out of the normal operating work station. (17) If a hydraulic or pneumatic storage device can move machine elements, such as, but not limited to, blades, buckets, saws and shears, after the machine is shut down, the pressure or stored energy from the element must be discharged as specified by the manufacturer. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0710 General Machine Requirements (1) Machine seats must be securely attached. (2) Operating foot controls must be constructed of or covered with a non-slip material suitable for the footwear worn. (3) Machine decks, drums and other surfaces where workers walk or stand must be constructed of or covered with a non-slip material suitable for the footwear worn. (4) Catwalks or platforms must be provided on machines where personnel perform routine operation, maintenance or rigging work. (5) A safe and adequate means of access and egress such as, steps, ladders, handholds and railings must be provided and maintained to all parts of vehicles and machines where employees must go. Machine access must comply with the Society of Automotive Engineers' (SAE)-J185-1988 or ISO 2867:1994, Access Systems for Off-Road Machines. NOTE: See the mandatory requirements in Appendix 7-D for accessing metal towers. (6) Guards must be provided on machines to protect employees from flying chunks, logs, chips, bark, limbs and other material. (7) Guards must be in place at all times when machines are in use. (8) All exposed moving parts, such as shafts, pulleys, belts, conveyers and gears on machinery and equipment must be guarded in accordance with OAR 437, division 2, subdivision O, Machinery and Machine Guarding. (9) Hydraulic hose, tubing or fittings must be arranged to eliminate abrasive contacts. (10) Machines must be free of excess flammable and combustible material that may create a fire. (11) Machine sleds, bases or frames must be strong enough to withstand any imposed stresses. (12) Machines and their components must be securely anchored or otherwise stabilized to prevent unintended movement during operation. EXCEPTION: This does not apply to tractors or skidders. (13) A limit switch must be installed on electric-powered log loaders to limit lift arms travel in the event the control switch is not released in time. (14) When forklift type machines are used to load, unload or handle trailers, a positive means of holding the lifting attachment on the fork must be installed and used. (15) Guyline drum controls and outrigger controls must be separated and clearly identified to prevent engaging the wrong control. (16) Boom-type machines must have a boom stop to prevent over-topping of the boom. [ED. NOTE: Appendices referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0715 Attaching and Spooling Line (Wire or Synthetic Rope) (1) Ends of lines attached to drums on machines must be secured by end attachments that develop the ultimate strength of the line unless three wraps of line are maintained on the drum at all times. NOTE: This does not apply to tractors or skidders. (2) Winch lines on tractors or skidders must be attached to the drums with a breakaway device. (3) Wire rope must be wound on drum spools in a manner to prevent excessive wear, kinking, chafing, or fouling. (4) A guide pulley, tool, stick, iron bar, or other manual or mechanical means must be used when guiding lines onto drums. Figure 7-31 — Spooling Lines — Least Risky [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (5) Personnel must never allow line to slide through their gloved hands or place any part of their body in direct contact with the line. Figure 7-32 — Spooling Lines — Risky [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (6) When it is necessary for personnel to stand on a drum to spool line or perform machine maintenance, precautions must be taken to prevent unintentional activation of the drum. (7) Personnel must not stand on a bare drum or lines spooled on a drum when wearing caulk boots unless a non-slip material covers the standing surface. [ED. NOTE: Figures referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0720 Fairleads (1) Properly align fairleads at all times. (2) Fairleads must be of a design that will prevent line damage. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0725 Securing Machines. (1) Before the operator leaves the operator’s work station, procedures must be implemented to prevent the release of stored energy, accidental start up, or movement of the machine. (2) The employer must instruct all authorized employees how to use shut down procedures. (3) Authorized employees must demonstrate a working knowledge of the specific shut down procedures they are required to use. (4) Locks, tags and other devices used to control hazardous energy must be durable. (5) The words “DO NOT START,” “DO NOT OPERATE,” or other appropriate warning must be displayed on tags used to control energy. (6) Tags used to control hazardous energy must be placed so they are obvious to anyone attempting to operate the machinery. (7) Blades must be lowered to the ground or other stable surfaces to secure the blade and machine from movement while maintenance or repair activities are performed. (8) Grapples, delimber masts, feller buncher attachments, forks and other similar devices must be stable and not pose a hazard to personnel while maintenance or repair activities are performed. (9) If a hydraulic or pneumatic storage device can move machine elements, such as blades, buckets, saws, shears, etc., after the machine is shut down for maintenance or repair, the pressure or stored energy that can activate the movable elements must be discharged. (10) Before locks, tags and other devices that are used to control hazardous energy are removed and machinery or equipment is started, the work area must be inspected to ensure that: (a) All tools have been removed. (b) Personnel are in the clear. (11) Guards must be replaced after necessary adjustments are made. (12) Follow the requirements of Division 2/J, 1910.147 when it is necessary to control hazardous energy for servicing and maintenance of machines. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 3-2004, f. & cert. ef. 6-7-04 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0730 Loading Machines (1) Grapple arms or other positive means of keeping logs on the forks must be used on forklift type log handling and loading machines. (2) Log loading machines must be equipped with an audible signaling device of a different tone than other signaling devices in the area. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0735 Chippers (1) Access covers and doors to chippers must remain closed until the drum or disk is at a complete stop. (2) Infeed and discharge ports on chippers must prevent contact with discs, knives, or blower blades. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03