340-230-0383 Municipal Waste Combustors, Small Municipal Waste Combustion Unit: Continuous Emission Monitoring (1) Types of monitoring. To continuously monitor emissions, the owner or operator must perform the following four tasks: (a) Install continuous emission monitoring systems for certain gaseous pollutants. (b) Make sure the continuous emission monitoring systems are operating correctly. (c) Make sure the minimum amount of monitoring data is obtained. (d) Install a continuous opacity monitoring system. (2) What continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) must be installed and its use: (a) The owner or operator must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous emission monitoring systems for oxygen or carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. If it is a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, also install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for nitrogen oxides. Install the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and oxygen or carbon dioxide at the outlet of the air pollution control device. (b) The owner or operator must install, evaluate, and operate each continuous emission monitoring system in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60.13. (c) The owner or operator must monitor the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration at each location where sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide is monitored. Also, if there is a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, the owner or operator must monitor the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration at the location where nitrogen oxides is monitored. (d) The owner or operator may choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas. If the owner or operator chooses to monitor carbon dioxide, then an oxygen monitor is not required and the requirements in OAR 340-230-0383(6) must be met. (e) If the owner or operator chooses to demonstrate compliance by monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide and oxygen or carbon dioxide must be installed at the inlet of the air pollution control device. (f) If the owner or operator prefers to use an alternative sulfur dioxide monitoring method, such as parametric monitoring, or cannot monitor emissions at the inlet of the air pollution control device to determine percent reduction, the owner or operator may apply to the Department for approval to use an alternative monitoring method under 40 CFR 60.13(i). (g) Use of data from continuous emission monitoring systems. The owner or operator must use data from the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide to demonstrate continuous compliance with the applicable emission limits specified in OAR 340-230-0380(1) and (2). To demonstrate compliance for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride, and fugitive ash, see OAR 340-230-0385(2). (3) Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems QA/QC. The owner or operator must: (a) Conduct initial, daily, quarterly, and annual evaluations of the continuous emission monitoring systems that measure oxygen or carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (Class I municipal waste combustion units only), and carbon monoxide. (b) Complete the initial evaluation of the continuous emission monitoring systems within 180 days after the final compliance date. (c) For initial and annual evaluations, collect data concurrently (or within 30 to 60 minutes) using the oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system, the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or carbon monoxide continuous emission monitoring systems, as appropriate, and the appropriate test methods specified. (A) For nitrogen oxides (Class I units only) use Method 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, or 7E in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to validate pollutant concentration levels. Use Method 3 or 3A in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide). (B) For sulfur dioxide use Method 6 or 6C in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to validate pollutant concentration levels. Use Method 3 or 3A in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide). (C) For carbon monoxide use Method 10, 10A, or 10B in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to validate pollutant concentration levels. Use Method 3 or 3A in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide). (d) Collect the data during each initial and annual evaluation of the continuous emission monitoring systems following the applicable performance specifications in appendix B 40 CFR Part 60. Use the performance specifications that apply to each continuous emission monitoring system. (A) Opacity. Use a span value of 100 percent opacity, and Performance Specification 1 in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60. Use Method 9 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to collect data if needed to meet minimum data requirements. (B) Nitrogen Oxides (Class I units only). Use a span value at the control device outlet: 125 percent of the maximum expected hourly potential nitrogen oxides emissions of the municipal waste combustion unit and Performance Specification 2 in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60. Use Method 7E in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to collect data if needed to meet minimum data requirements. (C) Sulfur Dioxide. Use a span value at the inlet to control device: 125 percent of the maximum expected hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the municipal waste combustion unit. At the control device outlet: 50 percent of the maximum expected hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the municipal waste combustion unit. Use Performance Specification 2 in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60. Use Method 6C in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to collect data if needed to meet minimum data requirements. (D) Carbon Monoxide. Use a span value of 125 percent of the maximum expected hourly potential carbon monoxide emissions of the municipal waste combustion unit and Performance Specification 4A in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60. Use Method 10 with alternative interference trap in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to collect data if needed to meet minimum data requirements. (E) Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide. Use a span value of 25 percent oxygen or 25 percent carbon dioxide with Performance Specification 3 in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60. Use Method 3A or 3B in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to collect data if needed to meet minimum data requirements. (e) Follow the quality assurance procedures in Procedure 1 of Appendix F 40 CFR Part 60 for each continuous emission monitoring system. The procedures include daily calibration drift and quarterly accuracy determinations. (4) Exemptions. The accuracy tests for the sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system requires the oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system to be evaluated. Therefore, the oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system is exempt from two requirements: (a) Section 2.3 of Performance Specification 3 in Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60 (relative accuracy requirement) and (b) Section 5.1.1 of Appendix F of 40 CFR Part 60 (relative accuracy test audit). (5) CEMS evaluation schedule. The owner or operator must: (a) Conduct annual evaluations of the continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted and (b) Evaluate the continuous emission monitoring systems daily and quarterly as specified in Appendix F of 40 CFR Part 60. (6) Using carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas. The owner or operator must establish the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide during the initial evaluation of the continuous emission monitoring systems. The owner or operator may reestablish the relationship during annual evaluations. To establish the relationship the owner or operator must use the following three procedures: (a) EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine oxygen concentration at the location of the carbon dioxide monitor. (b) Conduct at least three test runs for oxygen. Make sure each test run represents a 1-hour average and that sampling continues for at least 30 minutes in each hour. (c) The fuel-factor equation in EPA Reference Method 3B in appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide. (7) The owner or operator must obtain the minimum data requirements as follows: (a) Where continuous emission monitoring systems are required, obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages. Make sure the averages for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (Class I municipal waste combustion units only), and carbon monoxide are in parts per million by dry volume at 7 percent oxygen (or the equivalent carbon dioxide level). Use the 1-hour averages of oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data from the continuous emission monitoring system to determine the actual oxygen (or carbon dioxide) level and to calculate emissions at 7 percent oxygen (or the equivalent carbon dioxide level). (b) Obtain at least two data points per hour in order to calculate a valid 1-hour arithmetic average. 40 CFR 60.13(e)(2) requires the continuous emission monitoring systems to complete at least one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each 15- minute period. (c) Obtain valid 1-hour averages for 75 percent of the operating hours per day for 90 percent of the operating days per calendar quarter. An operating day is any day the unit combusts any municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel. (d) If the minimum data required in (a)–(c) of this section is not obtained, the owner or operator is in violation of the data collection requirement regardless of the emission level monitored and must notify the Department according to OAR 340-230-0395(4)(b)(E). (e) If the owner or operator does not obtain the minimum data required in (a)–(c) of this section, all valid data from the continuous emission monitoring systems must be used in calculating emission concentrations and percent reductions in accordance with OAR 340-230-0383(8). (8) Converting 1-hour arithmetic averages into averaging times. The owner or operator must: (a) Use equation 1 to calculate emission levels at 7 percent oxygen (or an equivalent carbon dioxide basis), the percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions, and the reduction efficiency for mercury emissions. Equation 1: C7%=Cunc*(13.9)*(1/(20.9-CO2)), where C7% = concentration corrected to 7 percent oxygen; Cunc = uncorrected pollutant concentration; and CO2 = concentration of oxygen (percent). (b) Use EPA Reference Method 19 in appendix A-7 of 40 CFR Part 60, to calculate the daily geometric average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions. If monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, use EPA Reference Method 19 in Appendix A-7 of 40 CFR Part 60, to determine the daily geometric average percent reduction of potential sulfur dioxide emissions. (c) If operating a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, use EPA Reference Method 19 in Appendix A-7 of 40 CFR Part 60, to calculate the daily arithmetic average for concentrations of nitrogen oxides. (d) Use EPA Reference Method 19 in Appendix A-7 of 40 CFR Part 60, to calculate the 4-hour or 24-hour daily block averages (as applicable) for concentrations of carbon monoxide. (9) Continuous opacity monitoring system. If applicable, the owner or operator must: (a) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system. (b) Install, evaluate, and operate each continuous opacity monitoring system according to 40 CFR 60.13. (c) Complete an initial evaluation of the continuous opacity monitoring system according to Performance Specification 1 in appendix B of 40 CFR Part 60. Complete the evaluation by 180 days after the final compliance date. (d) Complete each annual evaluation of the continuous opacity monitoring system no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation. (e) Use tests conducted according to EPA Reference Method 9 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60, to determine compliance with the opacity limit in OAR 340 230-0380(1) and (2). The data obtained from the continuous opacity monitoring system are not used for determining compliance with the opacity limit. (f) Use the required span values and applicable performance specifications in OAR 340-230-0383(10). (10) Missing data/alternate methods (a) Dioxins/Furans. The owner or operator must use Method 1 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 23 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. The owner or operator must simultaneously measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide) using Method 3A or 3B in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60. Also, the minimum sampling time must be 4 hours per test run while the municipal waste combustion unit is operating at full load. (b) Cadmium. The owner or operator must use Method 1 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 29 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. The owner or operator must simultaneously measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide) using Method 3A or 3B in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60. Compliance testing must be performed while the municipal waste combustion unit is operating at full load. (c) Lead. The owner or operator must use Method 1 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 29 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. The owner or operator must simultaneously measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide) using Method 3A or 3B in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60. Compliance testing must be performed while the municipal waste combustion unit is operating at full load. (d) Mercury. The owner or operator must use Method 1 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 29 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. The owner or operator must simultaneously measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide) using Method 3A or 3B in appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60. Compliance testing must be performed while the municipal waste combustion unit is operating at full load. (e) Opacity. The owner or operator must use Method 9 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 9 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. Use Method 9 to determine compliance with opacity limits. 3-hour observation period (thirty 6-minute averages). (f) Particulate Matter. The owner or operator must use Method 1 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 5 or 29 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. The minimum sample volume must be 1.0 cubic meters. The probe and filter holder heating systems in the sample train must be set to provide a gas temperature no greater than 160 +14oC. The minimum sampling time is 1 hour. (g) Hydrogen Chloride. The owner or operator must use Method 1 in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to determine the sampling location and Method 26 or 26A in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentration. The owner or operator must simultaneously measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide) using Method 3A or 3B in appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60. Test runs must be at least 1 hour long while the municipal waste combustion unit is operating at full load. (h) Fugitive Ash. The owner or operator must use Method 22 (visible emissions) of Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60 to measure pollutant concentrations. The three 1-hour observation period must include periods when the facility transfers fugitive ash from the municipal waste combustion unit to the area where the fugitive ash is stored or loaded into containers or trucks. [NOTE: View a PDF of referenced EPA Methods by clicking on "Tables" link following OAR 340-230-8010.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 468.020 Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 468A.025 History: DEQ 13-2019, amend filed 05/16/2019, effective 05/16/2019 DEQ 4-2003, f. & cert. ef. 2-06-03