437-004-1825 Tackle and Hoisting Equipment (1) Blocks, sheaves, shackles and drums. (a) Use only sheaves and drums with diameters recommended by the wire rope manufacturer for the size rope. (b) Secure all pins, including bearing and yoke pins, of all blocks against accidental displacement. (c) Fit all blocks with line guards or design and use them in a way that prevents fouling. (d) Sheaves carrying ropes that can be momentarily unloaded must have close-fitting guards or other suitable devices to guide the rope back into the groove when the load is applied again. (e) Secure pins for all shackles used to hang blocks, jacks, or rigging, or that have hoisting chain, with a bolt, nut and cotter pin (safety-type shackle) or a screw pin with cotter pin, or they must be securely moused. (f) Shackles used to hang blocks, jacks, or other rigging that can experience stress greater than that imposed by a single part of the pulling line must have a strength equal to but not less than two times the stress imposed by the pulling line. (g) All shackles used for joining or attaching lines must have a strength of not less than 1-1/2 times that of the lines they join. (h) Use clamps, socketing or other equal ways to securely fasten ends of lines attached to drums. Always keep at least two wraps of lines on drums. (i) Do not guide lines onto drums with your hands in direct contact with the line. Use a guide pulley, tool, stick or other mechanical means to guide lines onto drums. (2) Chains. (a) Repair or remove from use hoisting chain when the increase in length (stretch) of the measured section exceeds 5%; or when there is a bent, twisted, or otherwise damaged link, or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear. (b) Do not tie knots in a chain. (c) Do not use lap links, cold shuts, or patent repair links for hoist chains or slings unless they are stronger than the chain. (d) End fastenings must be capable of sustained loads equal to the breaking strength of the chain. (3) Hooks and attachment devices. (a) Remove from service any distorted or deformed hooks, rings, shackles, and other attachment devices or end fastenings. (b) Do not use makeshift hooks, links, or fasteners such as those formed from rods, bolts, etc., or other such devices. Use only approved factory-made attachments or fasteners. (c) When necessary to prevent lifting attachments from inadvertently lifting out of the hook, use a safety-type hook or other device. (4) Wire rope. (a) Wire rope and replacement wire rope must be the same size, same or better grade, and same construction as originally furnished by the equipment manufacturer or contemplated in the design, unless otherwise recommended by the equipment or wire rope manufacturer. (b) Guard running wire ropes if they are within 7 feet of the floor or platform. (c) Prevent friction of ropes with other objects that will cause chafing or breaking wires. Use thimbles of proper size for the rope in all eye-splices to prevent friction and chafing of the eye. (d) Remove from use wire rope used as guys, for hoisting or supporting objects, in cable-operated components, and on winches or drums, when any of the following exist: (A) In standing ropes, more than two broken wires in one lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at an end connection. (B) Corroded, damaged, or improperly aligned end connections. (C) Evidence of any heat damage from any cause. (D) Wear of 1/3 the original diameter of outside individual wires. Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure. (E) Reductions from nominal diameter exceeding those in Table 1. [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.] (5) Cable clips or clamps. (a) When using cable clips or clamps for form eyes, apply the U-bolt so that the “U” section contacts the dead end of the rope. (b) When using U-bolt rope clips for form eyes, use Table 2 to figure the number and spacing of clips. [Table not included. See ED. NOTE.] (c) The use of cable clips or clamps is acceptable only where they are readily accessible and subject to frequent inspection. Clips and clamps must be the correct size and properly applied. (See (5)(a) and (5)(b) above.) (d) Do not use cable clips or clamps for joining lines except where transferring slack lines from one place to another. (e) Do not use knots or combination knots and cable clip or clamp attachments as end connections for any hoisting rope or sling. EXCEPTION: This rule does not apply to drop hammers of pile drivers. (6) Fiber rope. (a) Inspect fiber rope frequently. Do not use rope that shows visual signs of excessive wear, abuse, spots indicating caustic or acid damage, or other defect that would reduce the rated strength below the safe working load. NOTE: The following procedure is recommended for inspection of rope: (1) Examine the entire length of the rope for cuts or severe abrasions. (2) Look for spots indicating acid damage. (3) If there are acid spots, throw a twist in and out of the rope where the spots are; take a short kink in the rope and put on a strain. If the rope has acid damage, you will notice a weakness of the fibers. (b) In manila rope, eye splices must have at least 3 full tucks, and short splices must have at least 6 full tucks (3 on each side of the centerline of the splice). (c) In layered synthetic fiber rope, eye splices must have at least 4 full tucks, and short splices at least 8 full tucks (Four on each side of the centerline of the splice). (d) In fiber rope splices, do not trim strand end tails short (flush with the surface of the rope) immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short splices and all types of fiber rope. (e) For all eye splices in fiber rope, the eye must be big enough to provide an included angle not more than 60° at the splice when the eye is over the load or support. (f) Do not use knots instead of splices for joining fiber ropes. (g) When not in use, store fiber rope under cover in a clean, dry, well-ventilated place, free from excessive heat, and protected against corrosives and acid. (h) Do not use frozen fiber rope. Do not heat frozen rope to thaw it out. [ED. NOTE: Table referenced is available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(3) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 4-1998, f. 8-28-98, cert. ef. 10-1-98