justicedao/ipfs_state_laws huggingface dataset:
437-007-0740 Machine Exhaust Systems (1) Machines must have an exhaust system maintained in good working order. (2) Machines must be equipped with a muffler of the type recommended by the machine manufacturer. (3) Exhaust pipes must direct the exhaust gases away from the operator. (4) Exhaust pipes must be insulated or located to protect employees from accidental contact with the pipes and must permit spark arrester clean out. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0745 Windows and Windshields on Machines (1) Windows and windshields must: (a) Be free of deposits or defects that could endanger the operator or other personnel. (b) Be safety glass or a type of material that provides equal protection. (c) Not impair the vision of the operator. (d) Have an additional metal screen or guard where windows and windshields do not provide adequate operator protection. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0750 Drum Brakes (1) Brakes or dogs must be installed on all machine drums and maintained in effective working condition. (2) Machine drum brakes must have an independent locking device that will hold the drum when the operator leaves the machine and the machine is not operating. (3) Machine drum brakes must be protected from direct exposure to the elements or must be of a design or construction which will render them impervious to such exposure. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0755 Machine Travel Brakes (1) Self-propelled machines built on or after July 1, 1985, must have braking systems as follows: (a) A service braking system that is the primary means of stopping and holding the equipment. (b) An emergency stopping system that is a secondary means of stopping the equipment in the event of any single failure of the service system. (c) A parking brake system that will continuously hold a stopped machine stationary within the limits of traction so the operator may leave the vehicle without the vehicle moving, and to prevent movement of the vehicle while unattended. (2) The braking systems in this section (OAR 437-007-0755) must comply with Society of Automotive Engineers' (SAE) or International Organization for Standards (ISO) Recom- mended Practices: (a) ISO 11512 MAR95 — Braking Performance — In-Service Crawler Tractors and Crawler Loaders. (b) J/ISO 3450 JAN98 — Earthmoving Machinery — Braking Systems of Rubber-Tired Machines — Systems and Performance Requirements and Test Procedures. (c) J/ISO 11169 FEB99 — Machinery for Forestry — Wheeled Special Machines — Vocabulary, Performance Test Methods, and Criteria for Brake Systems. (3) Self-propelled logging machines manufactured prior to July 1, 1985, must have braking systems installed, tested and maintained in as effective a condition as originally installed by the manufacturer. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0760 Outriggers (1) All outriggers must be placed on a stable base or cribbing. (2) Hydraulic outriggers must have a positive holding device (velocity fuse, load check valve, manually operated valve, or equivalent) to prevent movement of the piston in the event of a hose, hose fitting or other failure in the hydraulic system. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0765 Hauling or Moving Machines (1) The weight of any machine being hauled must not exceed the designed capacity of the transporting vehicle. (2) Machines must be loaded, secured and unloaded so they do not create a hazard for personnel. (3) Machines must not be moved or operated until all personnel are in the clear. (4) A signal person must guide operators who do not have a clear and unobstructed view of the direction of travel and the surface being traveled. (5) When an operator does not have a clear and unobstructed view of the direction of travel, an audible alarm or horn must be sounded before the machine, equipment or vehicle is moved. (6) Track-mounted machines with manual transmissions must be equipped with a ratchet or other device which will prevent unintended disengagement or reversing of the machine, and the operator must be informed of the proper technique. (7) When moving machines equipped with metal towers, the tower must be lowered. When needed for mobility, the tower may be raised provided that it is adequately supported so that the stability of the machine is not impaired during movement. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0780 Protective Structures for Operators, Machines Used On Or After July 1, 2014 Each machine used in forest activities on or after July 1, 2014, that is excluded from the ROPS, SAE J1040 MAY94 or ISO 8082:1994 requirements, because it is capable of 360 degree upper structure rotation, must: (1) Meet the same requirements as those machines manufactured on or after July 1, 2004, or (2) Be limited to use on surfaces that are prepared, excavated or constructed of solid materials with a slope of less than 20 percent when handling logs or other materials, or (3) Have a clear path of travel and be limited to slopes of 40 percent or less when used only as anchors for cable yarding systems. EXCEPTION: 437-007-0780 does not apply to machines manufactured before July 1, 2004 that are equipped and maintained with a front and top guard structure meeting the performance criteria of SAE J1356:FEB88 or ISO 10262:1998 Level II. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 2-2014, f. & cert. ef. 5-29-14 OSHA 2-2008, f. & cert. ef. 3-5-08 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0800 General Requirements (1) Any worker falling a tree or bucking a log must be located so their work will not endanger others. Figure 7-33 — Falling — Too Close [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (2) Personnel must not approach within two tree lengths of a tree being felled without receiving a signal from the person falling the tree that it is safe to approach. (3) The minimum distance between any worker(s) manually falling trees and any other personnel must be twice the height of the trees being felled. EXCEPTION: This does not apply to a team of two or more working on the same tree. Figure 7-34 — Falling — Two Tree Lengths [Figure not included. See ED. NOTE.] (4) Workers who are single jacking must be positioned so they are close enough to render assistance to each other in case of an emergency. They must be: (a) Within sight of each other; or (b) Able to talk to each other by natural unassisted voice communication. (5) Workers who are single jacking must work in compliance with 437-007-0215, Working Alone, and 437-007-0220, Medical Service and First Aid requirements. (6) Workers whose primary job is to manually operate a chain saw for activities such as, falling and bucking trees, pre-commercial thinning, brush clearing and slashing must carry a shrill sounding whistle, such as a police whistle. The whistle must be used only to summon help in case of an emergency. NOTE: This does not include chasers on active landings. (7) Workers must not fall or buck trees within a unit of standing timber prior to any cutting operation if such falling or bucking creates a hazardous condition for subsequent cutters or operations. (8) When hazardous conditions are created from tree cutting operation(s) next to roads, the requirements of OAR 437-007-0510 and 0515 apply. (9) OAR 437-007-0230 applies when a tree could fall within 15 feet of a power line. (10) An inexperienced worker must not fall trees or buck logs unless they are working under the direct supervision of a qualified person. (11) When a worker is not sure how to safely fall or buck a tree, the tree must not be cut until the: (a) Worker confers with a supervisor or qualified person. (b) Safest possible work method or procedure is identified to complete the job. (12) Workers must check for overhead hazards while falling, bucking or limbing trees. (13) Workers must not fall and buck trees when their vision is impaired by weather or darkness. (14) Spring poles and limbs under stress must be cut in a way that releases the tension and other personnel must be in the clear as the cut is being completed. (15) Workers must not operate a chain saw: (a) To cut directly overhead in a manner that would cause limbs, chunks of bark, or pieces of wood to fall on the operator. (b) At a distance that would require them to lose a safe grip on the saw. [ED. NOTE: Figures referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0805 Mechanical Falling (1) The minimum distance between mechanical falling machines or personnel must be twice the height of the trees being felled. NOTE: Increase this distance where the operation of mechanical falling machines creates the possibility of thrown or flying objects. (2) Mobile tree falling machines must be designed or have attachments installed to cause the tree to fall in the intended direction. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0815 Wedges (1) Wedges must be driven with a hammer or other suitable tool. (2) Two wedges must be immediately available when falling trees over 15 inches DBH. (3) Wedges must be used when falling trees that: (a) Are over 15 inches DBH. (b) Do not have a predictable lean. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0820 Bucking Trees/Logs (1) Fallers and buckers working as a team must keep each other informed of their location. (2) When a worker is bucking, they must give a timely warning to others within range of any log that may move after being cut off. (3) Only qualified workers must buck windfalls. (4) Before workers start bucking, they must carefully examine the tree or log to determine which way logs will roll, drop or swing. (5) A worker must not buck a tree or log on the downhill side unless they: (a) Are in a safe location. (b) Block or secure the tree to prevent rolling. (6) Before a worker starts to buck a tree or log they must: (a) Clear away brush and other material which might interfere with a quick escape. (b) Establish firm footing. (7) Logs that are not completely bucked through must be conspicuously marked with hazard identification ribbon as required by 437-007-0205(1) through (5). (8) Two or more persons must not buck the same tree or log at the same time. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0825 Tree Jacking (1) Hydraulic tree jacks must have: (a) An internal operable load check valve, velocity fuse or equivalent device. When using hoses with a jack, the device must be installed between the ram and the first piece of hose out from the jack. (b) An operable pressure gauge. (2) If two or more tree jacks are used and operated with one pump, a one-way flow valve must be used to isolate the hydraulic fluid from one jack to another jack should a failure in the system occur. (3) A qualified person must determine if it is safe to jack a tree. (4) Hydraulic tree jacks must have enough lift power for the trees to be jacked and felled. (5) Two workers, one of whom must be qualified in the use of jacks, must be present at the tree when using hydraulic tree jacks. (6) The jack seat of hydraulic tree jacks must be level. (7) A metal plate or pad must be placed between the ram and the saw cuts when using a hydraulic tree jack. The metal plate or pad must be of sufficient area and have a surface design to prevent the plate or pad from sinking into the wood or from slipping. (8) The hydraulic tree jack seat must be on solid wood inside the bark ring. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0830 Tree Pulling (1) A qualified person must determine if it is safe to pull a tree. (2) Positive communications must be maintained at all times between the tree-pulling machine operator and the person falling the tree. Citizens' band radios are not considered positive communications. (3) An audible signal must be sounded when the initial pull is made on the tree and the line is tightened. (4) A choker, choker bell or a line with a sleeve shackle must be used as the means of attachment around the tree when tree-pulling. The bight on the line must be only that necessary to hold the choker or line around the tree. (5) The tree-pulling machine must be equipped with a torque converter, fluid coupler or an equivalent device to ensure a steady, even pull on the line attached around the tree. (6) The tree-pulling line must have as straight and direct a path from the machine to the tree as possible. Physical obstructions which prevent a steady, even pull on the tree-pulling line must be removed or the line must be rerouted. (7) The use of a siwash, in lieu of using a block and strap for the purpose of changing the tree-pulling lead, is prohibited. (8) In tree pulling operations, the back cut may be below and on a horizontal plane with the face cut. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0900 General Landing Work Practices (1) Before starting or moving any machine, the operator must determine that personnel are in the clear. (2) When vehicles or machines are moved within the landing area all personnel must: (a) Stay in the clear of the vehicle(s) or machine(s). (b) Inform the operator of the intent to approach or be near the vehicle(s) or machine(s). (c) Wait for the operator’s permission to approach or be near the vehicle(s) or machine(s). (3) Personnel must not approach the hazardous pinch point area created by the rotation of the machine’s superstructure without: (a) Informing the operator of that intent. (b) Receiving acknowledgment from the operator that the person’s intention is understood. (c) The machine being stopped while personnel are within the hazardous area. NOTE: OAR 437-007-0700 General Work Practices, paragraphs (1) through (3) from Division 7/H, are reprinted here. (4) Any tool or rigging that is not being used must be stored in a location where it will not create a hazard. (5) Materials must not be pushed, thrown or dumped off the landing in a manner or at a time that will endanger personnel. (6) Personnel must not brand, mark, buck, limb or trim logs in a location that will expose them to contact with moving lines, logs, rigging, machines, equipment or vehicles. (7) Logs must not be placed in, moved about, or removed from the bucking area of the landing unless all personnel are in the clear. (8) Tongs must not be carried over both shoulders with the tong points around the neck. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0905 Landings (1) Landing areas must be: (a) Large and level enough to land, heel, tail/swing or process logs without striking standing timber, rigging, trucks, vehicles, equipment, other machines or objects. NOTE: This is not intended to restrict the occasional yarding or loading of logs for poles, piling or an infrequent long break or tree length, provided the log is stabilized before unhooking the choker. (b) Large enough for safe movement of all machinery. (c) Kept chunked out and have an even surface. (2) Outrigger pads, tracks or wheels must be on firm, stable ground, cribbing or prepared surface. (3) During road side thinning, logs stacked on the road side must be placed in a stable position. (4) Roadside or continuous landings must be wide enough to safely operate the yarding and loading equipment. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 2-2005, f. 5-27-05, cert. ef. 6-1-05 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0910 Landing Logs (1) Logs must not be landed until all personnel, trucks, machines, or vehicles are in the clear. (2) After a turn is landed, all rigging must be completely stopped and logs must be stable before: (a) Being approached by personnel. (b) Chokers are unhooked. (3) When chokers are manually unhooked, the yarder operator must receive a signal from the chaser before any lines are moved. (4) Logs must not be permitted to accumulate in the landing chute to the point where they become a hazard. (5) When yarding uphill, the landing chute must be cleared of logs before the next turn of logs is landed unless: (a) The logs are fully contained in the landing chute; or (b) There is no possibility that personnel working below the landing may be struck by sliding or rolling logs or materials coming off the landing. (6) Logs must not be disturbed or moved from the chute when personnel working below could be struck by logs, chunks or other material sliding or rolling off the landing. (7) The following apply when logs are landed. When the landing slope is: (a) Twenty percent or less, logs may be landed and decked in the chute provided the logs can be left in a stable position. (b) More than 20 percent, decking is not permitted in the chute if: (A) A chaser is required to unhook the rigging from the logs. (B) Personnel are working below the landing chute. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0915 Log Decks (1) Logs must be placed in and removed from decks in an orderly manner to minimize rolling or shifting. (2) Logs must not be decked in a location where they will slide or roll in the direction of personnel, vehicles, equipment or machines. (3) Logs must be rearranged or decked at a different location if the landing process or weather conditions (rain, snow, ice, mud) prevent log stability and personnel are exposed to the hazard of rolling or sliding logs. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0920 General Cable Yarding and Ground Skidding Work Practice (1) The requirements of OAR 437-007-0225(1) and (2) (working near unstable objects and danger trees) apply to all cable yarding and ground skidding operations, especially when yarding downhill. (2) Choker holes must be dug from the uphill side of the log when there is danger of the log rolling or moving. (3) Chokers must be placed near the end of logs. NOTE: Chokers may be placed in the middle of the log ("gut shot") if it will provide greater control when the turn is yarded or landed. (4) Personnel must not stand on or near logs, root wads, or other objects which may be moved by the turn of logs. (5) Before the go-ahead signal is given personnel must: (a) Move to the side and behind all logs in the turn and be in the clear. (b) Remain on their feet and face the turn. (c) Stay in the clear until it is safe to return to the area where chokers are being set. (6) When approaching or working around hang-ups, personnel must: (a) Approach from above the hang-up. (b) Be alert to the danger of logs rolling or sliding, siwashes, widow makers and danger trees. (c) Workers must not ride on arches, reaches and turns of logs. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0925 Cable Yarding Work Practices (1) Personnel must not ride hooks, lines, rigging, logs suspended in the air or being moved. (2) Personnel must not hold onto haywire, running lines, drop lines or chokers as an assist when walking uphill. (3) Personnel must not work in the bight of lines under tension. EXCEPTIONS: Personnel may be in the bight of lines when: (a) Minor positioning of the rigging is needed to set chokers. (b) They are protected by standing timber, terrain, or other objects of sufficient size to assure their safety. NOTE: "Lines under tension" means when: (a) Logs are being moved or suspended. (b) The rigging or carriage is moving to the landing or returning to the brush. (c) Lines are tight-lined to clear up the road. (d) Any movement or tightening of the line(s) other than that needed for minor positioning of the rigging or carriage to set chokers. (4) Personnel must be in the clear of all lines, rigging and chokers until movement has stopped. Swinging chokers, hooks and rigging must be lowered to the ground. (5) Personnel must be in the clear of trees, logs, root wads, chunks, rolling material, all lines and rigging before any lines are moved. (6) Personnel must not stand next to skyline or running line anchor straps under tension. (7) A minimum of one choker setter in each crew must be a qualified choker setter. (8) Only one employee in any crew can give signals or voice communication at the point where chokers are being set. NOTE: Any person is authorized to give a stop signal when an employee is in danger or any other emergency condition is apparent. (9) At least two members of the rigging crew must carry transmitters for each signal and control system being operated where chokers are being set. (10) When only one person is setting chokers on any cable yarding system, they must: (a) Carry transmitters for each signal and control system being operated where chokers are being set. (b) Be in clear view of the yarder operator or another person with transmitters for each signal and control system being operated where chokers are being set. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03