justicedao/ipfs_state_laws huggingface dataset:
437-007-0927 Working Near Standing Tree Anchors, and Tail/Intermediate Support Trees (1) Affected personnel must be notified of the potential failure zone of any tail tree, intermediate support tree and standing tree anchor. NOTE: The potential failure zone is that area which could be impacted by the failure of any part of a tail tree, intermediate support tree or standing tree anchor as the result of forces or loads imposed on the tree by guylines, running lines or skylines. (2) The boundaries of the potential failure zone must be determined by a competent person. (3) The boundaries of the potential failure zone must encompass the area into which the tree or parts of the tree could fall, slide or roll and all trees, logs, lines and material that could be impacted by the tree failure. (4) Personnel must be in the clear of the turn and out of the potential failure zone of a standing tree skyline or running line anchor before lines are tensioned. NOTE: Personnel may be in the potential failure zone when minor positioning of the rigging is needed or to set chokers. NOTE: "Before lines are tensioned" means before: (a) Logs are moved or suspended. (b) The rigging or carriage is moved to the landing or returned to the brush. (c) Lines are tight-lined to clear up the road. (d) Any movement or tightening of the line(s) other than that needed for minor positioning of the rigging or carriage to set chokers. (5) Personnel working around tail and intermediate support trees must be in the clear of the turn and out of the potential failure zone before lines are tensioned. NOTE: Personnel may be in the potential failure zone when minor positioning of the rigging is needed or to set chokers. (6) If the potential failure zone cannot be determined, personnel must move at least 1 1/2 tree lengths from the base of tail and intermediate support trees, and in the clear before lines are tensioned. (7) A competent person must instruct affected personnel in the safe work practices required for work activity in any potential failure zone. This instruction must identify the: (a) Boundaries of the potential failure zone (b) Potential for the boundaries of the failure zone to change when line pull and line angles change. (c) Limitations or restrictions for entering or working in the potential failure zone. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0930 Grapple Yarding (1) An audible signal does not need to be sounded before lines are moved while grapple yarding if employees are not exposed to logs or rigging movement. (2) Chokers must not be set when using a grapple yarding system during: (a) Hours of darkness. (b) Periods when visibility is reduced to such an extent that the yarder operator cannot clearly see the person setting the choker. (3) One person carrying a whistle signaling device may use voice communications to transmit instructions and directions to the yarder operator when picking up an occasional log with a choker on a grapple yarding system only: (a) During daylight hours. (b) When the choker setter is in clear view of the yarder operator at all times. (c) When all lines are slacked to the ground prior to the choker setter approaching the rigging. (d) When all lines remain stable until the choker setter returns to a safe location away from any running lines. (4) Standard yarding system whistle signals must be used when the choker setter is not in clear view of the yarder operator when chokers are set on grapple yarding systems. (See Appendix 7-A.) [ED. NOTE: Appendices referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0935 Operation of Ground Skidding Machines and Vehicles (1) Machines must not be operated on slopes in excess of the following limits unless specified by the manufacturer of the equipment. (a) Rubber-tired skidders — 30 percent. (b) Crawler tractors, tracked feller bunchers, tracked excavators and loaders — 40 percent. (c) Other forestry equipment designed for steep slopes — 50 percent. (2) Operation in excess of the above limits may be permitted for specific limited application or in identified small areas provided the operator and the competent person plan how to safely operate on the steep slopes considering: (a) Experience of the operator. (b) Limitations of the machine and the soil conditions. (c) Direction of travel (traveling straight up and down the slope). (d) Requirements for turning the machine or vehicle on the slope. (e) Weather. (f) Load sizes. (g) Any other adverse conditions. (3) Turnarounds must be provided on all skidding roads so operators do not have to backup more than 250 feet. (4) Towed equipment, such as skid pans, pallets, arches, and trailers, must be attached in a manner which will prevent overrunning of the towing vehicle, equipment or machine. (5) Tractors, skidders, arches, or logs being yarded must not run over or rub against anchored lines, tailhold stumps, or other rigging. (6) The yarding machine or vehicle, including its load, must be operated with safe clearance from trees, snags, logs, or other objects that may create a hazard for an employee. (7) Each machine must be positioned during winching so the machine and winch are operated within their design limits. (8) No load can exceed the rated capacity of the pallet, trailer, or other carrier. (9) Arches must be equipped with line guards. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 2-2005, f. 5-27-05, cert. ef. 6-1-05 OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0940 Signaling and Communications (1) Hand signals or audible contact, such as, but not limited to, whistles, horns, or radios, must be used whenever noise, distance, restricted visibility, or other factors prevent clear understanding of natural unassisted voice communications between employees. (2) A whistle or horn, clearly audible and distinguishable to all personnel in the affected area, must be installed and used on all machines operating as yarders, loaders or tree pullers. (3) All radio-controlled carriages and motorized skycars must have a warning horn which is sounded when any carriage function is activated. (4) Standard yarding system whistle signals identified in Appendix 7-A must be used at cable logging operations. (5) A new yarding system whistle signal may be adopted for an unusual or new situation not covered in the standard whistle signals provided: (a) The new signal is used only for that specific situation. (b) All employees are informed of the new signal. (6) A list of the standard yarding whistles, any new yarding system whistle(s) and control system signals used to activate cable logging systems, machinery and equipment functions must be available at the work site. (7) Affected personnel must understand the control system signals, hand signals and whistles used to activate equipment and machines. (8) All audible signal systems, equipment and machinery activation signals must be tested and be fully functional prior to beginning the operation. (9) Spare transmitters must be guarded against accidental activation. (10) All personnel must be in the clear before any signal is given to move any log, load, rigging, or turn. (11) Machine operators must not move any lines, logs, loads or rigging unless the signal received is clear and distinct. If in doubt, the operator must repeat the signal as understood and wait for confirmation. (12) An audible signal must always be sounded before any line is moved. (13) Voice communication, except as required by 437-007-0950(1), may be used to transmit instruction and direction to the yarder operator to move rigging and control the movement of logs provided that an audible signal is sounded before any line is moved. (14) An audible signal does not need to be sounded when yarding logs with grapples if personnel are not exposed to line, log or rigging movement. (15) When hand signals are used, an audible signal does not need to be sounded when personnel are aware of and not exposed to line, log or rigging movement. (16) Hand signals may only be used: (a) In plain sight of the machine operator. (b) Within 300 feet of the machine operator. NOTE: Hand signals may be used at any time as an emergency stop signal. (17) Throwing of any type of material as a signal is prohibited. (18) Citizens' band (CB) radios cannot be used to activate any signal, machine or process either automatically or by voice. [ED. NOTE: Appendices referenced are available from the agency.] Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0945 Electrical Signal Systems (1) All electrical signal system wires and attachments must be weatherproof. (2) Electrical signal systems must be: (a) Installed and adjusted to protect against accidental signaling. (b) Maintained in good operating condition. (3) Electrical signal system bugs (transmitter) must be designed so they cannot be accidentally tripped. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-0950 Voice Communication on Combined Signal/Voice Transmitters (1) Voice communication on the same radio frequencies used to transmit skyline, high-lead, slackline or skidder whistle signals (154.57 and 154.60 MHz channels), is limited to the reporting of injuries, or fire and emergency situations where special tools or precautions are needed to prevent or alleviate a hazardous situation. In addition: (2) Voice transmissions must not be used to move the rigging and only used when the rigging is standing still. (3) The rigging crew must call the yarder engineer by name to ensure that proper contact is established. (4) The yarder engineer must acknowledge the call with a whistle "STOP" signal before the caller starts transmitting the voice message. (5) Voice transmission must be kept as brief and to the point as possible. (6) After receiving the voice message, the yarder engineer must again acknowledge with a whistle "STOP" signal that the message has been received and is clearly understood. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1000 General Requirements (1) Trucks or rail cars must not be moved unless all personnel are in the clear. (2) When the operator’s vision is impaired, trucks or rail cars must not be moved without a signal from a spotter who has a clear view of the direction of travel. (3) Trucks must not approach a landing while there is danger from incoming logs, logging machines, lines, or rigging. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1005 Loading (1) It is the responsibility of the employer who has control of the actual loading operation to ensure compliance with OAR 437-007-1005(2) through (18) and 437-007-1010(1) through (13) which are applicable to log loading, securing loads and to the requirement for hard hats. (2) The truck driver and personnel loading logs must use positive means of communication to control the movement of the truck being loaded. (3) Citizens' band (CB) radios may be used for communication between the loader operator and the log truck driver during the loading process. (4) Standing underneath a suspended trailer or its reach is prohibited. (5) Only the driver and driver-trainee are permitted to be in the truck cab while logs are being loaded. (6) Logs being moved or loaded must not pass over any personnel, occupied vehicles, machines, or truck cab. (7) Personnel must not enter any hazardous area near a log truck being loaded without: (a) Determining that it is safe to enter the area. (b) Receiving permission from the loading machine operator and truck driver. (c) The centers of all logs are below the top of the stakes or secured by the log loader. NOTE: Hazardous areas include the areas: (A) Between the deck or decks from which the logs are being removed. (B) Over which the logs are carried to place them on the log truck. (C) Along both sides of the log truck behind the cab guard. (D) Underneath the load. (8) Logs must not be lowered to the bunk while bunk or block adjustments are being made. (9) Standing between a truck cab and a log being loaded or unloaded is prohibited. (10) Bunk and wing logs must extend at least 6 inches beyond the front and rear bunk or stake. (11) Loads must be built up or loaded so they are stable without the use of wrappers. NOTE: Wrappers are considered to be a precautionary measure to ensure stability of the load during transit. (12) Logs must be loaded in a manner to prevent excessive strain on wrappers, binders, bunk stakes, bunk chains, or straps. (13) When there is danger of a log slipping out of the grapples, a strap of sufficient size and length must be used to hold the log. (14) The closing line must be securely attached to the grapple in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. (15) Double-ended logs must not be loaded above the stakes on the side of the load from which the binders or wrappers are intended to be applied or released. (16) Logs must be loaded so no more than 1/3 of the length of the logs extends beyond the: (a) Trailer bunks. (b) Ends of supporting logs. (17) Log loads must not impair full and free movement of the truck. (18) Loads or logs must not be moved or shifted while binders are being applied or adjusted. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1010 Securing Loads for Transport (1) Wrappers must not be thrown until personnel are in the clear. (2) When logs are loaded at different locations or decks, log trucks must not be moved until the requirements for securing loads are met unless: (a) The centers of all logs are below the top of the stakes; or (b) Ground personnel and machines are not exposed to the hazard of falling logs or wood fiber. (3) A fully loaded truck must not be moved more than 1 1/2 truck and trailer lengths in front of the loading area unless: (a) The centers of all logs are below the top of the stakes; or (b) The load is secured with at least two wrappers. (4) All wrappers that are required to transport the load must be put on the load within sight of the loading area. (5) Required wrappers and binders must be in place and hooked prior to tightening any of the binders. (6) When drivers cannot safely throw wrappers over loads, alternate methods must be used, such as, pulling the wrappers over the load with the loading grapples. If the loaded truck is moved, the movement must comply with the requirements of OAR 437-007-1010(3). (7) Loads must be secured as follows: (a) Any long logs (27 feet or more in length) must be secured with not less than four evenly spaced wrappers. EXCEPTION: Loads consisting of only four long logs or less may be secured with one wrapper at or near each bunk. (b) All short logs (less than 27 feet in length) must be secured with at least two evenly spaced wrappers. (8) Wrappers must be evenly spaced over the length of the logs. (9) A wrapper must be placed near each bunk stake. (10) Trucks and trailers used for off highway hauling on private haul roads where traffic controls are enforced: (a) Must meet the requirements of 437-007-1010(7); or (b) All perimeter logs must be contained by no less than two wrappers. (c) Wrappers must be placed near each end of the logs. (d) The two binders, chains, cables, fasteners, wrappers or other wrapper attachments must each have a minimum breaking strength of 20,000 pounds. (11) Logs loaded crosswise on a truck or trailer without solid ends or stakes high enough to restrain the logs must be secured with at least two wrapper cables which are firmly attached to the ends of the truck or trailer. (12) All wrappers, except for gut wrappers or a one-log load wrapper, must surround the entire load. (13) Unless otherwise required, arrange binders so that they can only be released from the side of the vehicle away from the brow log or dumping side. (14) Grab hooks must not be directly attached to the wrapper wire rope. (15) All required wrappers must be kept tight during transit. (16) Loose ends of wrappers must be secured to prevent the wrapper end from swinging and creating a hazard. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1015 Binders and Wrappers (1) Each log truck must carry at least five binders and five wrappers. (2) Binders, chains, cables, synthetic materials, fasteners, wrappers, or other wrapper attachments must each have a minimum breaking strength of not less than 15,000 pounds. The following components meet the 15,000-pound requirement: (a) Chain of welded link construction: (A) 5/16-inch alloy steel chain; or (B) 3/8-inch high-test steel chain; or (b) 7/16-inch IPS wire rope of 6 x 19 or 6 x 37 construction. (3) Binders must have the manufacturer's name and minimum breaking strength stamped on the binder. (4) Wrappers used to secure loads must not be used for any other purpose. (5) Wrappers must be removed from service when: (a) Wear has reduced the original chain link diameter by 15 percent. (b) Chain links are deformed, stretched or cracked. (c) Wire rope is frayed, stranded, knotted or otherwise defective. (d) Wire rope has 12 1/2 percent of the wires broken within the distance of one lay. (6) Binders must be removed from service when: (a) Wear has reduced the original pin diameter by 15 percent. (b) The yoke is spread. (c) Handles are bent or broken. (d) Hooks are bent or broken. (e) Chain links are deformed, stretched or cracked. (f) Swivels are defective. (7) Defective binders, tighteners or other securing devices on binder chain or cable must be removed from service. (8) Tighteners and other means of securing or attaching binder chain or cable must be used only in the manner for which they were intended. (9) Welding on binders is prohibited. (10) Knots must not be tied in wrappers. (11) Binders for securing wrapper chain must have hooks of the correct size and design for the chain. (12) Extension handles (swedes) for tightening or securing binders must not be longer than 36 inches. (13) Extension handles (swedes) used to tighten binders must be of the safety swede type. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1020 Log Truck General Requirements (1) Manufacturers’ handholds and steps provided on trucks must be maintained. (2) The area between the truck frame rails, from the cab rearward as far as necessary to provide a safe work area, must have a walking surface of suitable non-slip material. (3) Log trucks, with loads that are scaled at ramps, must have a personnel platform that: (a) Extends outward from the side of each frame rail 18 inches. (b) Is 18 inches long or as near 18 inches as the design of the truck will permit. (c) Is capable of safely supporting a 500-pound load. (d) Have a nonslip surface. (4) There must be a step or other safe access for the driver to reach the space behind the cab. (5) Log trucks must have a bulkhead meeting PUC requirements located between the load and cab. This bulkhead must extend to the top of the cab. (6) All riders must be in the cab and use a seat and seat belt. (7) Tire chain hooks must not present a hazard to workers. The arrangement and location of the tire chain hooks may include, but are not limited to: (a) Under the scaler platform with the hook tips toward the center of the truck; or (b) Inside an enclosure, such as a bottomless box attached to the truck frame, or (c) Shielded with guards (such as hinged metal covers). (8) Empty spare tire racks must be removed from bulkheads when there is no tire in them unless the lower part of the rack folds back against the upper part. (9) Additional vehicle requirements that apply to log trucks are contained in Subdivision F, Roads and Vehicles, OAR 437-007-0520 through 437-007-0570. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1025 Log Truck Safety Chains or Cables (1) Each log truck and trailer combination, and each independent trailer (mule train) hooked to a log truck and trailer combination must have one or more safety chains or cables with a rated breaking strength of not less than the gross weight of the towed trailer(s). (2) The means of attachment for safety chains or cables must: (a) Be securely attached to the truck frame or to the truck frame extension. (b) Form a separate continuous connection between the truck frame or truck frame extension and the reach. (c) Be attached within 12 inches of the reach eye. (d) Provide strength equivalent to the chain or cable. (3) Safety chains or cables must: (a) Prevent the trailer reach from contacting the ground in the event of disengagement from the truck. (b) Provide a positive connection that cannot become inoperative by any condition of use or exposure. (4) Safety chains must be replaced when they have cuts, cracks or wear has reduced the chain diameter by 15 percent. (5) Safety cables must be replaced when the wire rope is frayed, stranded, 12 1/2 percent of the wires are broken within the distance of one lay or is otherwise defective. (6) Safety chain links must not be welded except to close cold-shut links. (7) Use cold-shut links only if they are: (a) Welded. (b) One size larger than the chain being used. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1030 Log Truck and Trailer Hitches (Couplings) (1) All log truck and trailer combinations must be equipped with couplings (hitches) that: (a) Will withstand, in any direction, the potential stresses imposed. (b) Have two independent locking devices that will continue working despite dirt and debris. (c) Remain securely locked. (d) Are attached to the truck frame or extension with at least four machine bolts (120,000 PSI or stronger), 3/4-inch or larger in diameter and secured with lock nuts. (2) Hitches (couplings) having parts that are broken, cracked, worn, deformed more than 1/4-inch or are otherwise defective must be removed from service until repaired to comply with the manufacturer’s specifications. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03
437-007-1035 Log Truck and Trailer Brakes (1) Truck and trailer brakes must be tested before moving any load. (2) Brake slack adjusters must be adjusted to meet DOT specifications. (3) Vehicles with defective brakes must not be operated. (4) Brake drums must not be welded. (5) Engine-type brakes must be considered auxiliary controls, not a substitute for the primary braking systems. (6) Air or vacuum brake lines and fittings must be approved for brake line systems and not be interchangeable with water or other lines. (7) Splices in air brake lines must: (a) Be made with fittings approved for air brake line service. (b) Not restrict air flow below the minimum required for the line size. (8) If disconnected trailers are not equipped with effective brakes, wheels must be chocked, blocked or the trailer must be otherwise secured. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 5-2003, f. 6-2-03, cert. ef. 12-1-03