437-002-0041 Exits and Exit Routes (1) Application: This subpart does not apply to mobile workplaces, like vehicles or vessels. (2) Definitions: (a) Exit. The part of the exit route, that is a way out of the workplace (like a door, stairwell or vestibule). (b) Exit Route. A continuous, unobstructed path from anywhere in a work area to the exit. (3) General: (a) There must be permanent, unobstructed exit routes to get out of work areas safely during emergencies. (b) There must be two or more exit routes depending on the size and layout of the work area and the number of people involved. A single exit route is acceptable only if all workers can get out through it safely dupring an emergency. Locate multiple exit routes apart from each other. (4) Design: (a) An exit must have enough openings to permit access to, or exit from, occupied areas. An interior opening into an exit must have a self-closing fire door that remains closed. Each fire door, its frame, and its hardware must be listed or approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Note to paragraph(a): 29 CFR 1910.155(c)(3)(iv)(A) defines "listed," 29 CFR 1910.7 defines a "nationally recognized testing laboratory," and 29 CFR 1910.155 (c)(3) defines "approved." (b) Walls or partitions that separate an exit from other areas must have at least a 1-hour fire resistance rating if the exit connects three stories or less. Materials that separate an exit must have at least a 2-hour fire resistance rating if the exit connects four stories or more. (c) Exits must open from the inside without keys, tools or special knowledge. Devices that lock only from the outside are acceptable. There must be nothing on an exit door that could hinder its use during an emergency. NOTE: You may lock or block an exit door from the inside in a mental, penal, or correctional institution, if supervisory personnel are continuously on duty and a plan exists to remove occupants during an emergency. (d) An exit must lead directly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, or to an open space with access to the outside. (e) Exit stairs that continue beyond the floor of exit discharge must have doors, partitions, or other effective means at the floor of exit discharge to assure that the direction of exit travel is clear to employees. (f) Use only a side-hinged exit door to connect any room to an exit route. The door must swing out if the room can hold more than 50 persons or has highly flammable or explosive materials in it. (g) Each exit route must be able to handle the maximum-permitted occupant load for each floor served by it. The capacity of a path to the exit must not decrease as people move toward the exit. (h) The exit route must be at least 6 feet, 8 inches high at all points. (i) An exit route must be at least 28 inches wide at all points between handrails and wider if needed to handle the occupant load. (j) Objects that project into the exit route must not reduce the minimum height and width of the exit route. (k) Repair or replace damaged or altered fire retardant coatings to keep their original retardant effectiveness. (5) Access: (a) There must be unobstructed access to exit routes. (b) Exit routes must not pass through or into lockable rooms or dead ends. (c) Exit routes must be mostly level or have stairs or ramps. (6) Outside and refuge areas: (a) The street, walkway, refuge area, or open space to which an exit leads must be large enough to accommodate all building occupants likely to use that exit. (b) A refuge area must be: (A) A space along an exit route protected from the effects of fire either by separation from other spaces within the building or by its location; or (B) A floor with at least two spaces separated by smoke-resistant partitions, in a building where each floor is protected by an automatic sprinkler system. Automatic sprinkler systems must comply with 29 CFR 1910.159. (7) Outside Exit Routes: (a) Outdoor exit routes must meet the requirements for indoor exit routes and these additional requirements: (A) The exit route must have guardrails to protect unenclosed sides elevated above a lower surface; (B) There must be a cover if accumulation of snow or ice is likely; (C) The exit route must be reasonably straight, smooth, solid, substantially level; and (D) The exit route must have no dead ends longer than 20 feet. (8) Condition of Exit Routes and Exits: (a) Exit routes must minimize danger to employees during emergencies. (b) Exit routes must be free of highly flammable furnishings and decorations. (c) An exit route must not require employees to travel toward materials that burn very quickly, emit poisonous fumes, or are explosive, unless those materials are effectively shielded from the exit route. (d) Exit routes must have adequate lighting. (e) Each exit must be clearly visible and must have a distinctive sign reading "Exit." Install additional directional signs to exits where necessary. (f) Exit doors must have no signs or decorations that obscure their visibility. (g) The line-of-sight to an exit sign must be clear. (h) If workers could mistake a "non-exit" for an exit, mark the non-exit, "Not an Exit" or mark it to indicate its real use. (i) There must be enough reliable light on or from exit signs to allow them to be effective during emergencies. (j) All safeguards to protect employees during an emergency (e.g., sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must work properly. (9) Exits During Construction and Repair: (a) Employees must not occupy an area under construction until an adequate number of exit routes that comply with these rules are available. (b) Employees must not occupy an area during repair or alteration unless all exits and existing fire protection remain as effective as before the work. Alternate fire protection must provide an equivalent level of safety. (c) Flammable or explosive materials used during construction or repair must not expose employees to hazards not otherwise present or impede emergency escape. (10) Alarm System. There must be an operable employee alarm system with a distinctive signal to warn employees of fire or other emergencies, unless employees can see or smell a fire or other hazard so that it would provide adequate warning to them. The employee alarm system must comply with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.165. (11) Special Circumstances — Counterweights and Cold Storage Facilities. (a) There must be an enclosure or guard around counterweights that are near enough to passageways or work areas to cause a hazard. The guard or enclosure need only be sufficient to protect workers from contact with the counterweight when it moves. (b) The doors on walk-in refrigerators, coolers and freezers must have latches or closer devices that open from the inside without a key or special knowledge or effort. Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4) Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295 History: OSHA 12-2001, f. & cert. ef. 10-26-01 OSHA 8-2000, f. & cert. ef. 10-10-00