Case Name: GRANT et al. v. SMITH
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1895-06-21
Citations: 34 N.Y.S. 538
Docket Number: 
Parties: GRANT et al. v. SMITH.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 34
Pages: 538–540

Head Matter:
(88 Hun, 32.)
GRANT et al. v. SMITH.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
June 21, 1895.)
Mortgages—Right to Declare Debt Due.
Plaintiffs were makers of a note, and B. was an indorser for their accommodation. To secure the indorsement, plaintiffs gave B. a mortgage providing that, in case judgment should be recovered against them, the whole indebtedness should immediately become due and payable, and the liability of B. as indorser should thereupon become fixed; and that, after paying such indebtedness, B. should have the right to take possession of the mortgaged property. Afterwards the note was discounted by a bank' for the makers, and before it became due the bank transferred it for valué to defendant, to whom B. assigned the mortgage as security. Held, that defendant, by paying the bank for the note, paid the indebtedness, and was therefore entitled, on the recovery of a judgment against the makers of the note, to take possession of the mortgaged property.
Appeal from special term, Cattaraugus county.
Action by Joseph F. Grant and another against John B. Smith for an injunction. From an order dissolving a preliminary injunction granted by the county judge, plaintiffs appeal.
Affirmed..
Argued before LEWIS, BRADLEY, and WARD, JJ.
W. H. Nourse, for appellants.
F. L. Eaton, for respondent

Opinion:
LEWIS, J.
The plaintiff Joseph F. Grant made his promissory note for the sum of $107.75, payable to the order of the plaintiffs, and at their request John T. Baxter became a second indorser upon said note; and, to secure Baxter against loss, damage, or liability which he might sustain or incur as such indorser, the plaintiffs gave him a chattel mortgage upon their stock of goods in their store in the city of Olean. The mortgage provided that it was given as collateral and continuing security to Baxter, as indorser upon the plaintiff's note mentioned, or any renewal or renewals thereof, and against any loss, cost, damage, or other liability which he might sustain as such indorser. It further provided that if at any time during the existence of the mortgage any suit should be commenced, judgment recovered, or execution issued against the mortgagors, or if they should sell, assign, secrete,, or remove away any portion of the property so mortgaged, or attempt to do so, then the whole of the indebtedness, although' not then due by its terms, should become immediately due and payable, and the liability of Baxter as indorser should thereupon become fixed, and after paying such indebtedness the said Baxter should have the right to the immediate possession of the mortgaged property. And it further provided that if the mortgagee should at any time deem himself in danger of having to pay said indebtedness or any part thereof, by delaying until the same should become due and payable, he was authorized, after paying said indebtedness, to take immediate possession of the mortgaged property, either before or after the maturity of the indebtedness, and sell the same at public or private sale, and retain the proceeds thereof to the amount of the indebtedness, together with costs, etc. It further provided that the mortgagee, his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, might purchase at such sale, etc.
The note, after the same was indorsed by Baxter, was discounted by the Exchange National Bank of Olean, and said bank, before the note fell due, transferred the same to the defendant; and Baxter, the mortgagee, assigned the said mortgage to the defendant, as security for the payment of the note. The defendant thereby became the owner of the note and the mortgage before the maturity of the note. While the note and mortgage were held and owned by the defendant, a judgment was recovered against the plaintiffs for some four or five hundred dollars, and by virtue of an execution issued thereon the goods mortgaged as aforesaid were levied upon. The plaintiffs, after giving the mortgage to Baxter, executed and delivered to another party a chattel mortgage upon their stock of goods covered by the Baxter mortgage, conditioned to pay the sum of $300. The defendant, deeming himself in "danger of losing his security by delaying the enforcement of his mortgage until the note matured, threatened to take possession of the property by virtue of his mortgage, and the plaintiffs thereupon commenced this action to restrain the defendant from interfering with the mortgaged property, and obtained a temporary injunction restraining the defendant from so doing, and upon defendant's motion the order appealed from was made. There was nothing in the mortgage which affirmatively provided that the mortgagors should have the right to retain the possession of the mortgaged property, until the maturity of the note.
It was made to appear pretty clearly, upon the hearing of the motion, that the mortgaged property was being disposed of and dissipated by the mortgagors, and that delaying the enforcement of the mortgage till the note matured would probably have resulted in the loss to the defendant of his security. It appeared from the affidavit of the mortgagors, read upon the hearing of the motion, that they had paid the larger part of the judgment recovered against them, and that they were financially responsible, and were able to pay the balance of the judgment, and the note in question when it matured, but they had violated the provision of the mortgage as to permitting the recovery of a judgment, and had, by their subsequent mortgage, transferred their interest in the property covered by defendant's mortgage, and had thereby imperiled the defendant's security.
Our attention is called by the appellants' counsel to the provision in the mortgage that the mortgagee was at liberty to take possession of the property after he should have paid the indebtedness. It is his contention that this clause prohibited defendant from interfering with the property until he had paid the note. The mortgage, as we have seen, provided that if a judgment was recovered against the mortgagors, or they should sell or assign any portion of the mortgaged property, the indebtedness, although not then due by the terms of the note, should become due and payable, and the liability of the indorser should thereby become fixed. Under such circumstances, the mortgagee was entitled to possession of the property. The defendant having paid the bank for the note, and become its owner, and the mortgage having been assigned to him, he must, we think, be held to have, within the meaning of the mortgage, paid the indebtedness, as provided by the mortgage; and he, having good reason to believe that his security was being imperiled, had the right to enforce the mortgage by taking possession of the property. The mortgage was not only to indemnify the mortgagee from loss or damage by reason of his indorsement, but it was also security for the payment of the note.
We fail to find any evidence tending to sustain the claim that the note was usurious. Baxter appears to have been simply an accommodation indorser, and the sums of money which the plaintiffs were shown to have paid him he received as compensation for his indorsement. Baxter was not shown to have had title to the note at any time. It had its inception in the hands of the bank.
The order appealed from should be affirmed, with $10 costs and disbursements. All concur.