Case Name: The State of Louisiana vs. D. F. Burdon and J. F. Burdon
Court: Louisiana Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Louisiana
Decision Date: 1886-04
Citations: 38 La. Ann. 357
Docket Number: No. 9634
Parties: The State of Louisiana vs. D. F. Burdon and J. F. Burdon.
Judges: 
Reporter: Louisiana Annual Reports
Volume: 38
Pages: 357–359

Head Matter:
No. 9634.
The State of Louisiana vs. D. F. Burdon and J. F. Burdon.
In criminal cases, all.tho essential facts must ho found by a special verdict, in order to enable the court to give a judgment of Jaw upon thomnttoi-in issue. Kothingis Jobo taken by the court by implication or intendment. ‘What is not found is supposed not to exist*
Hence, in a trial under a statute winch denounces the offense of “ receiving or buying any goods or chattels that shall ho feloniously taken or stolen from any oilier person, knowing the same to have been so stolen or taken,” a verdict of “Guilty of knowingly jocoiving stolen property ” dues not contain the legal requirement touching the intent with which the goods were received by the accused, and it cannot therefore be the basis of a legal sentence.
APPEAL from the Criminal District Court for the Parish of Oilcans, Baker, J.
IT. J. Cunningham, Attorney General, and Lionel Adams, District Attorney, for the State, Appellee:
1. In an indictment charging the defendant with receiving stolen property, under Sec. 832, • 11. S., a verdict finding the accused guilty of “knowingly receiving stolen property,” ia legal.
2. Guilty knowledge is of tlie essence of tlie crime. Bishop Cr. Prac.Vol, II., § 906; "Wliar. ton Cr. E. §§ 983, 989; Wliartoa Or. Ev. § 164; Desty Cr. L, 147, a.
3. In suck a verdict, tko use of the adverb “ knowingly ” “ modifies ” the verb in a particular sense and makes it more correctly descriptive of the offense.
4. Suck a verdict is not a special one, not being a statement of facts. It is a finding or conclusion of law deduced from a certain state of facts.
W. B. Wldtdlcer and O. H. Imgeiiberg for Defendants and Appellants:
“A jury have a right in all criminal cases to find a special verdict. Suck a verdict must state positively tko facts themselves, and not merely the evidence adduced to prove them; and all the facts necessary to enable the court to give judgment must bo found, for the court cannot supply by any intendment or implication any defect in the statement." 1 Ckitty Cr. E. 645; State vs, Ritchie, 3 Ann. 512; State vs. Roster, 7 Ann. 256; State vs. Davis, 20 Ann. 354; State vs. Roster and Davis, 36 Ann. 857; State vs. P. C. Peters, 37 Ann. 730.
•4t Guilty of knowingly receiving stolen property ” finds the defendants guilty of no crime known to the law of this State.
.Silence of the jury as to one count in an information containing two counts, is an acquittal .as to that count. Proffat on Jury Trial, § 425; 2 Virg. Gas. 235.

Opinion:
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Poché, J.
On trial of tlie defendants under two counts — for grand larceny and for receiving and having stolen goods, knowing the same to have been feloniously stolen — the jury returned tlie following verdict: "Guilty of knowingly receiving stolen property."
The defendants appeal from the judge's refusal to sustain their motion in arrest of judgment, which was based on the ground:
"That said verdict is a special verdict; that it is a finding solely as to facts; that it is complete in itself; that it finds no offense known to the law of this State, and that no judgment can be pronounced upon it."
Section 832 of the Eevised Statutes, under which the charge was framed, reads:
"Whoever shall receive or buy any goods or chattels-that shall be feloniously taken .or stolen from any other person, knowing the same to have been so taken or stolen,"
It is clear that the essence of the crime denounced by the statute is the act of receiving stolen property with the guilty knowledge that the same had been stolen, and with the guilty intent of thus receiving it with the design of appropriating the same, to tlie detriment and injury <of the true owner.
To receive the stolen property, knowing the same to have been stolen, with tlie design of seeking out the true owner and to deliver the same to him, would certainly not constitute an offense under the meaning of the statute, no more than would be the act of a court officer who receives in custody stolen property, knowing the same to have "been stolen, for tlie purpose of producing the same in court at the trial •of the accused.
Tlie language used in the verdict may reasonably be construed to designate either or both of these manners of receiving stolen property, but unexplained and unaided by surrounding circumstances and by the possible meaning of the jury, it does not necessarily convey the idea that the jury had found that the accused had knowingly received stolen property with the guilty design of appropriating it and of thus depriving the true owner of the same.
In default of that essential declaration flowing clearly from the language used ill the verdict, the finding of the jury does not present an offense known to the laws of Louisiana. Hence, the point made by defendants' counsel was well taken.
In construing the true import and -meaning of doubtful verdicts, the rule is that "all the essential facts must be found by a special verdict, in order to euable the court to give a judgment of law upon the matter in issue. Nothing is to be taken by the court by implication or intendment. What is not found is supposed not .to exist." Proffat on Jury Tiial, § 436.
In keeping with that principle this. Court has made the following rulings, which are unquestionable precedents for the conclusion which we have adopted iu this case:
In State vs. Ritchie, 3 Ann. 512ja verdict on a charge of kidnapping a slave of another party, who was then and there deprived of the use and benefit of said slave, the verdict was set aside because the jury found the accused, guilty "of carrying away and disposing of the negro 'A,' the property of 'B,'" without tlie statement that the owner had -then and there been deprived of the use and benefit of his said slave-
In Davis' ease, 20 Ann. 354, the verdict was found insufficient, because the jury found the defendant "guilty for keeping a banking-game or gambling house," under a statute which denounced the crime of "keeping a banking-game or gambling house, at which money or •anything representing money, or any article of value, shall be bet or hazarded,"
The verdict of the jury in the case of Davis and Foster, 36 Ann. 857, was for similar reasons set aside. On a trial for murder tlie verdict read: "Both guilty of capital punishment." See also, State vs. Peters, 37 Ann. 730.
It is therefore ordered that the verdict of the jury and the sentence of the court be annulled, avoided and reversed, and that the cause be remanded to the lower court for a new trial according to law.