Case Name: LEWIS v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1927-10-12
Citations: 1 S.W.2d 298
Docket Number: No. 10996
Parties: LEWIS v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 1
Pages: 298–300

Head Matter:
LEWIS v. STATE.
(No. 10996.)
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Oct. 12, 1927.
Rehearing Granted Dec. 14, 1927.
Mathis <& Caldwell, of Wichita Palls, for appellant.
Sam D. Stinson, State’s Atty., and Robt. M. Lyles, Asst. State’s Atty., both of Austin, for the State.

Opinion:
CHRISTIAN, J.
The offense is'aggravated '. assault; the punishment a fine of $50 and 6 months' confinement in jail.
Appellant was convicted of an aggravated assault under an indictment charging him with an assault with intent to murder. The facts upon which the prosecution was based are briefly as follows: Appellant, with three others, went to a restaurant where Gus Reeves, the injured party, was working, and ordered a certain kind of pie. Not having the kind of pie they ordered, Reeves gave appellant and his companions three orders of peach pie, whereupon appellant stated to Reeves that he did not order that kind of pie, and Reeves told him that it was the only kind of pie he had. Appellant then cursed Reeves, calling- him a m- f- s — — of b-. Reeves told appellant that he was afraid of him (appellant). Appellant began cutting at Reeves over the counter, using what was termed an "East Dallas special" knife. In endeavoring to get away from appellant, Reeves backed down the counter towards the kitchen, but before he reached the kitchen door appellant had cut him between the fingers. Appellant followed Reeves to the kitch en, where he cut his hand and arm. Reeves secured a knife from a rack in the kitchen and stabbed and cut appellant. Appellant secured a butcher'knife when they reached the kitchen, with which he stabbed and cut Reeves. Appellant and Reeves were severely injured, and the knives used by them were shown to be deadly weapons. Reeves testified that after they reached the kitchen appellant said: "You m-f-r, I ought to kill you."
Appellant defended on the ground that Reeves attacked him with a knife,, stabbed and cut him, and that he cut Reeves, with no intention of killing him, but for the purpose of stopping the attack and protecting his (appellant's) life.
Appellant contends that the trial court erred in his charge in not applying the doctrine of reasonable doubt to his instruction on the law of self-defense. Inspection of the record discloses that the court gave a charge requested by appellant, which reads as follows:
"You are charged as part of the law in this case, if you find and believe from the evidence, or have a reasonable doubt thereof, that, at the time that the defendant assaulted Gus Reeves, if he did so assault him, that at that time the defendant had a reasonable apprehension of death or serious bodily injury, said defendant was justified in using all the force necessary to protect his person or his life; and it is not necessary that there be actual danger, provided said Willie Lewis acted on a reasonable apprehension of danger, viewed from the defendant's standpoint at the time; and'-if you find that such reasonable apprehension of death or serious bodily injury existed at the time of the assault, if any by the defendant, you will find the defendant not guilty of any offense, and so say by your verdict."
Considering the charge above quoted in connection with the court's main charge, we are constrained to hold that the doctrine of reasonable doubt was properly applied to the instruction covering self-defense. In addition to applying the doctrine of reasonable «doirbt to the requested instruction on the law of self-defense, the court applied such doctrine generally to the entire case.
We are unable to agree with appellant's contention that the court erred in submitting to the jury a charge on provoking a difficulty. The testimony in the record in our opinion authorized the court to submit that issue. See Branch's Annotated Penal Code, § 1962—1954;. Monday v. State, 90 Tex. Cr. R. 8, 232 S. W. 831.
We do not think the court's charge is subject to appellant's criticism that the jury were not informed in the charge on self-defense that they should acquit appellant if they had a reasonable doubt that he believed he was in danger of death or serious bodily injury at the time of the assault on the injured party. The requested charge on this issue, hereinbe-fore set forth, and the court's main charge, when considered together, sufficiently presented to the jury the issue of self-defense, viewed from appellant's standpoint.
Appellant's next contention is that the court's charge on the law of self-defense is not distinct, in that said charge is not free from the issue of provoking the difficulty. Timely exception was taken to the charge, and the matter is now brought before us for review by appellant's bill of exception No. 1. After applying the doctrine of self-defense to the facts, the court referred to the charges there-inafter given on the doctrine of provoking a difficulty, but in no manner attempted to give an instruction covering the doctrine of provoking the difficulty in immediate connection with the charge on self-defense. The jury were instructed, in substance, that they should acquit the defendant under the charge given to them on the law of self-defense if they believed that appellant believed himself in danger of losing his life or of serious bodily injury at the time he cut the injured party with a knife, unless they found under the charges thereinafter given that appellant, provoked the difficulty and by his own wrongful act brought on the necessity of defending himself. In the requested instruction given by the court covering the law of self-defense, no reference was made to the charge on the doctrine of provoking the difficulty, and such instruction was entirely free from any other issue raised by the evidence. In this condition of the record, we are unable to reach the conclusion that the reference of the court to the doctrine of provoking the difficulty could have resulted in injury to appellant. We therefore hold that appellant's bill of exception in this respect discloses no prejudicial error.
By bill of exception No. 4, appellant complains of the action of the trial court in permitting the state to impeach appellant's witness Robert Jones on an immaterial and collateral matter. The recitals in the bill show that the district attorney asked the witness Jones on cross-examination if he had not told Officer Timmons on the night of the assault that appellant had told him on the night before that he was going to kill him a negro by Christmas. The witness, being required to answer, denied that he made this statement to the officer, whereupon the officer was placed on the witness stand by the state and testified that the witness had made the statement to him. Appellant's objection to this testimony was that it was an attempt to impeach a witness on an immaterial and collateral matter, and that the state was bound by the answer of the witness. The record discloses that the statement attributed to appellant had been made in the presence of the state's witness Jessie Leroy about a week before tbe difficulty between appellant and Reeves. If, in fact, appellant bad made the statement under conditions that might properly have included the injured party in the threat, it would then have become material as bearing on appellant's state of' mind at the time of the difficulty and more particularly as being pertinent to the issue of provoking the difficulty. The bill of exception is insufficient to negative the materiality of the testimony. Indulging the presumption that the ruling of the trial court was correct in admitting the testimony, we are constrained to overrule appellant's contention that the matter inquired about was immaterial and collateral.- It follows that appellant's objection to the admissibility of the testimony on the ground that it was an attempt to impeach a witness on an immaterial and collateral matter was not well taken.
By bill of exception No. 5 appellant complains of the action .of the trial court in permitting the state's witness Jessie Leroy to testify that appellant carried a knife and that he once saw appellant with an open knife. Objection to this testimony was that it was irrelevant and immaterial. If there was any issue in the testimony as to whether appellant carried a knife, this testimony may have properly been relevant to such issue. There are no recitals in the bill of exceptions negativing the idea that the testimony raised such an issue. In this condition, the bill is insufficient to manifest error, and appellant's contention must be overruled.
By bills of exception Nos. 6, 7, and 8 appellant complains of the action of the trial court in refusing to give certain instructions designed to cover the law of self-defense. An inspection of the court's main charge and of the requested instructions given by the court, discloses that the law of self-defense was fully defined and appropriately applied to the facts of the case. Appellant's bills therefore manifest no error.
Finding no error, the judgment is affirmed.
PER OURIAM. The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the court.