Case Name: Board of Improvement Street Improvement District No. 349 v. Little Rock
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 1927-06-27
Citations: 174 Ark. 519
Docket Number: 
Parties: Board of Improvement Street Improvement District No. 349 v. Little Rock.
Judges: 
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 174
Pages: 519–527

Head Matter:
Board of Improvement Street Improvement District No. 349 v. Little Rock.
Opinion delivered June 27, 1927.
Melbourne M. Martin, for appellant.
Pat L. Robinson, for appellee.
Louis Rhpton, for interveners.

Opinion:
Hart, O. j.,
(after stating the facts). From our state-3nent of facts it will be seen that the question to be determined upon this appeal is whether or not the board of assessors, of District No. 349 was authorized to make the assessment of benefits for the Marshall Street Annex or whether the new. board, composed of Alley, Wells and Laird, was authorized to make such assessment. The issue as to whether the assessment made by either of the boards is correct in amount is not raised by the appeal.
It is the contention of counsel for appellant that, under our statutes, the assessment of benefits for the Marshall Street Annex should either have been made by the bóárd of assessors- of the original district or by the commissioners thereof. We do not agree with counsel for appellant in his contention in either respect. While the precise question has not been passed upoii by this court, the trend of our decisions bearing on the question is against the contention of the counsel for the appellant. The Legislature of 1909 passed an act providing that, whenever a majority in value of the owners of property adjoining any improvement district now existing or hereafter created in any city or town shall desire to be added to any such improvement district, it shall 'be lawful for the council of the city or town, upon a petition signed by a majority in value- of the owners of the property in such territory proposed to be annexed, to pass an ordinance annexing the same. Acts of 1909, page 744.
This act was -before this court for consideration in White v. Loughborough, 125 Ark. 57, 188 S. W. 10. The validity of the statute was attacked upon the ground that it did not provide for a hearing of the landowners upon tlie assessment of benefits, and, for that reason, deprived them of their property without clue process' of. law. - The court said that the annexation act ivas an instance of the Legislature declaring; a right and referring- to-other existing laws for the¡ remedy, which method of legislation does not' offend against that provision of' the Constitution which declares that "no law shall be revived, amended, or, the provisions thereof extended or .conferred by reference to its title only." '
The Legislature of 1919 again passed a statute providing for the annexation of territory to improvement districts in cities and towns. Q-en. Acts of 1919, p. 218. This act is § 5733 of Crawford & Moses' Digest. It read's, in part as follows:
"The finding of the council shall be expressed in an ordinance, in case it is in favor of the petitioners, and in that event the territory sought to. be annexed shall become a part of the improvement district,' and the improvements petitioned for shall be made by the commissioners. The commissioners shall make the assessment for said improvement on the territory annexed under the provisions of this act on the same basis as if said territory was included in the original district."
This act came -up if or consideration before us in Poe v. Street Improvement District No. 340, 159 Ark. 569, 252 S. W. 616. It was there contended that the act was ia reference statute and violative of the clause of the State Constitution just referred to. The reason for the constitutional provision in' question was that-a legislative act which purports-only to- insert certain words or to-substitute one phrase -for another is calculated to confuse1 and mislead. An act, however, which is complete in itself and by its language grants some power, is not in conflict with "the constitutional provision, although it may refer to some other existing-statute f.or the purpose of pointing-out the procedure in executing the power. Hence it was said' that the annexation act of 1919 was not violative of this provision of the Constitution because it referred to the act relating to the formation of original improvement districts for the carrying out of the power conferred by the annexation act. It was pointed out that the annexation act was not a reference act, and, because of the fact that provision is made in the statute referred to for the landowners to have a hearing upon the assessment of benefits, the annexation act is not in violation of the State or Federal Constitution.
In the Poe case just referred to the court used this language:
"In other words, when the territory is annexed under the provisions of act No. 280 (5733 supra), then the improvements in the annexed territory are to be made by the commissioners of the district according to the provisions relating to municipal improvement districts as contained in § 5656-5701 of Crawford & Moses' Digest. These provisions meet all the objections enumerated in the complaint and urged by learned counsel for the appellant in their brief to the statute under review as not constituting due process. They afford ample protection to the property owners of the annexed territory."
Again, the court said:
"The appellant contends that, under the doctrine of these cases, the act under review is likewise void. But not so, because this act does make provision for the assessment of benefits in the annexed territory, under the same provisions of law as are applicable to the territory in the original district. The act contemplates that the commissioners, after the territory is annexed, shall cause the assessors of the district to make the assessment for the improvement of the territory annexed on the same basis as the original territory was assessed. This act does not have the effect of creating a new district, but only annexes territory to the original district and makes such territory, when so annexed, a part of the original district, and provides- for the assessment of benefits in the annexed territory according to the provisions of the law applicable to the territory in the original district. Where such is the case, it cannot be said that no provision is made for the assessment of benefits in the territory annexed. McCord v. Welch, 147 Ark. 363, 227 S. W. 765.
The language used by the court in the eases in construing both the annexation act of 1909 and , that of 1919 shows that the court had in mind that the due process clause of the State or of the Federal Constitution was not violated because the annexation act intended that the assessment of benefits should be made under the provisions of the statute relating to the formation of original improvement districts, and that this statute affords the landowners ample opportunity to have a review of the assessment of benefits made by the board of assessors.
After due consideration of the whole matter, we are of the opinion that the language quoted above from § 5733 of the Digest does not mean that the board of commissioners of the original district must make the assessment of benefits for the annexation district. If the language' quoted should be given this restricted and literal interpretation, it is evident «that no provision would be afforded the landowners for review of the assessments^ If it should be said that it was the intention of the lawmakers that the provision of the statute relating to the formation of improvement districts iii the beginning-should apply to the annexation of territory to the original district, then it would be more in conformity with their intention to say that the annexation statute intended to apply the whole of the act relating to the. assessment of benefits for the original district to the annexation district. There is nothing in § 5733 from which it might be inferred that the framers of the statute intended that the' commissioners should make the assessment, but they should.be governed by the statute relating to the original formation of districts in so far as obtaining a review of the assessments of benefits for the landowners. We think it is more in accord with our previous decisions and with the intention of the lawmakers to hold that the language quoted from § 5733 means that the commissions shall1 cause the assessment- of benefits for said annexation improvement to be made on the same basis as if said territory was included in the original district. In other Avords, it meant that the commissioners of the district should cause the property in the annexation district to he assessed by the same instrumentality and in the same Avay that property was assessed in the original district.' Under the statute relating to the formation of improvement districts, provision is made for revision of assessments by the board of assessors upon the requirement of the commissioners. Crawford & Moses ' Digest, § 5664. [
No provision of the statute, however, provides for the retention of the board of assessors in office for any other purpose. In the case at bar the city council appointed a new board of assessors to make the assessment for the Marshall Street Annex. It is presumed that they did this with the knowledge that the board of assessors for the original district had finished its work and was no longer in existence. Under § 5657 of. Crawford & Moses' Digest, as soon as the board of improvement shall have formed its plan and shall have-ascertained the cost of the improvement, it shall report the same to the city or town council, which shall appoint three electors of-the city or town, who shall constitute a board of assessment of the benefits to be received by the land in the district. In like manner it is contemplated that, when plans for the annexation district are formed by' the commissioners, the council would have power to appoint a new board of assessors to make an assessment for the annexation district if it should find that the old board had finished the original assessment, and its action in the matter will not be reviewed. The conclusive presumption is that it considered that the old board of assessors had performed its function and had ceased to exist, except for the purpose of. revision under § 5664. Hence the city council had the authority to appoint a new board, and the assessment of benefits made by the new board Avould be valid and binding in the absence of a showing that it was arbitrarily made or was subject to review for inequality, or is confiscatory or tlie like.
Our conclusion of the whole matter is that the chancellor erred, under the facts presented by this record, in holding that the assessment of benefits made by Alley, Wells and Laird should be vacated. It follows therefore that the decree upon the cross-appeal must be reversed, and the case will be remanded with directions to dismiss the complaint for want of equity. It is so ordered.