Case Name: Tareq MAKSUD, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, United States Attorney General, Respondent
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2016-09-20
Citations: 657 F. App'x 53
Docket Number: 15-2744 NAC
Parties: Tareq MAKSUD, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, United States Attorney General, Respondent.
Judges: PRESENT: JOHN M. WALKER, JR., JOSÉ A. CABRANES, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 657
Pages: 53–56

Head Matter:
Tareq MAKSUD, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, United States Attorney General, Respondent.
15-2744 NAC
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
September 20, 2016
FOR PETITIONER: Tareq Maksud, Pro Se, Woodside, NY.
FOR RESPONDENT: Benjamin C. Mizer, Principal.Deputy, Assistant Attorney General; Terri J., Scadron, Assistant Director; Richard Zanfardino, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
PRESENT: JOHN M. WALKER, JR., JOSÉ A. CABRANES, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
Petitioner Tareq Maksud, a native and citizen of Bangladesh, seeks review of a July 29, 2015 decision of the BIA affirming a December 18, 2013 decision of an Immigration Judge ("IJ") denying Maksud's application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"). In re Tareq Maksud, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. July 29, 2015), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Dec. 18, 2013). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.
Under the circumstances of this case, we review both the IJ's and the BIA's opinions. Yun-Zui Guan v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 391, 394 (2d Cir. 2005). The applicable standards of review are well established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008). For asylum applications that are governed by the REAL ID Act, like Mak-sud's, the agency may base an adverse credibility determination on inconsistencies within and between the applicant's statements. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(l)(B)(iii). The agency "may rely on any inconsistency or omission in making an adverse credibility determination as long as the 'totality of the circumstances' establishes that an asylum applicant is not credible." Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167 (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(l)(B)(iii)). Here, the totality of the circumstances supports the agency's adverse credibility determination: the IJ identified multiple significant inconsistencies and omissions in Maksud's statements.
The IJ reasonably relied on inconsistencies between Maksud's asylum applications and airport interview. At the airport inter view, Maksud stated that he came to the United States to obtain a business or student visa, and that he left Bangladesh because "the economy [wa]s not good." When asked if he feared returning to Bangladesh, he said, "Yes," and gave as a reason that "people who get support from the political party [are] after [him] for [his] money." He explained that he would be harmed because those people know that he is in the United States, that he owns a construction company in Bangladesh, and that he has money. In contrast, he alleges in his asylum applications that he left because he was beaten, arrested, and detained in response to his political activities. The IJ reasonably rejected Maksud's explanation for the inconsistencies—that he was not asked about past harm in the airport interview—because the record shows that the interviewer asked Maksud why he left Bangladesh and whether he feared returning. See Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80 (2d Cir. 2005) (holding that agency need not credit applicant's explanation for inconsistencies unless proffered explanation would compel reasonable fact-finder to do so).
The IJ also reasonably relied on three inconsistencies between Maksud's original and amended asylum applications, which contain differing accounts of his encounters with the Bangladesh Awami League ("BAL"), the ruling political party and an opposition party to the Bangladesh Nationalist Party ("BNP"), with which Maksud was affiliated. First, the applications conflict as to Maksud's experience at a 2009 protest. Maksud's original application reports that he was arrested, detained, and beaten over several days. His amended application, in contrast, describes being beaten and shot with rubber bullets at a protest, but omits mention of any arrest or detention. Second, the applications are also inconsistent regarding an alleged January 2010 arrest. Maksud's original application states that he was arrested in his home after he left the hospital in January 2010 and was held for several weeks before being released on bond. But in his amended application, the January 2010 arrest took place at the BNP party office, and Maksud was detained and tortured for 22 hours before being released "with the help of an advocate," making no mention of any bond. Third, the original application omits any mention of the two attacks on Maksud by the BAL described in the amended application. See Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 166 n.3 (explaining that "[a]n inconsistency and an omission are, for these purposes, functionally equivalent"). Because the original application bore Maksud's signature and he filed no complaint against his prior attorney, the IJ was not required to accept Maksud's explanations that he did not sign that application and that any error was his attorney's fault. See Majidi, 430 F.3d at 80.
Finally, the IJ also reasonably pointed to Maksud's history of attempting to gain status in the United States through other improper means as undercutting his credibility. Maksud conceded that he married a U.S. citizen solely to gain status in the United States and that the only purpose of his October 2010 trip to the United States was to have his child born in the United States and thereby for the child to be a U.S. citizen. The IJ reasonably found that the circumstances of the previous marriage detract from Maksud's credibility. See, e.g., Falae v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 11, 15 (1st Cir. 2005) (sham marriage for purpose of obtaining citizenship can support adverse credibility finding). The IJ also reasonably found that Maksud's voluntary return to Bangladesh after the birth of his child in the United States further undermined his credibility given his allegations that he had been persecuted in Bangladesh already. Maksud testified that he returned because "[a]t that time, the conditions were not so bad," but the IJ reasonably rejected that explanation because, before leaving for the United States, Maksud allegedly had been shot by the police and hospitalized for 12 days—grounds he now cites in support of his asylum application. See Majidi, 430 F.3d at 80.
Given these multiple inconsistencies and significant omissions, we conclude that substantial evidence supports the agency's adverse credibility determination. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(l)(B)(iii). The agency's adverse credibility determination is dispos-itive of Maksud's application for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief. See Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156-57 (2d Cir. 2006).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. As we have completed our review, any stay of removal that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED, and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).