Case Name: The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Adam Kaous, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 2015-03-05
Citations: 126 A.D.3d 440
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v Adam Kaous, Appellant.
Judges: Concur — Mazzarelli, J.P., Sweeny, Moskowitz, Clark and Kapnick, JJ.
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 126
Pages: 440–441

Head Matter:
The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v Adam Kaous, Appellant.
[5 NYS3d 65]

Opinion:
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Patricia Nunez, J.), rendered May 23, 2013, as amended June 5, 2013, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of criminal contempt in the second degree, and sentencing him to a term of one year, unanimously affirmed.
The court correctly concluded that criminal contempt in the second degree (Penal Law § 215.50) is a lesser included offense of criminal contempt in the first degree (Penal Law § 215.51), and it properly granted the People's request to submit second- degree contempt to the jury. Defendant's argument to the contrary is based on the "labor disputes" clause in Penal Law § 215.50, which does not appear in Penal Law § 215.51. Defendant argues that as a result, the statutory definition of a lesser included offense is not satisfied, because it is possible for a person to commit first-degree criminal contempt but not "concomitantly commit[ ], by the same conduct," second-degree contempt (CPL 1.20 [37]). This would be the case where, with the mental state required for first-degree criminal contempt, a person violates an order of protection arising out of a labor dispute.
Defendant's argument is contradicted by People v Santana (7 NY3d 234 [2006]), which held that "the reference to 'labor disputes' in the second-degree criminal contempt statute [does not] . . . create [ ] an exception that must be affirmatively pleaded as an element in the accusatory instrument, [but] rather . a proviso that need not be pleaded but may be raised by the accused as a bar to prosecution or a defense at trial" (id. at 236). While Santana addressed the adequacy of an accusatory instrument charging second-degree contempt, and did not involve a lesser included offense issue, the premise underlying the Court's holding controls here. The Santana Court determined that the labor disputes clause does not constitute a statutory element of the crime, and therefore that it did not have to be pleaded in the information. Here, the premise that the clause does not give rise to a statutory element undermines defendant's argument that it is possible to commit first-degree contempt without committing second-degree (see People v Mingo, 66 AD3d 1043 [2d Dept 2009], lv denied 14 NY3d 843 [2010]).
The court properly exercised its discretion in denying defendant's CPL 210.40 motion to dismiss the indictment in furtherance of justice. There is no "compelling factor" (CPL 210.40 [1]) that would warrant that "extraordinary remedy" (People v Moye, 302 AD2d 610, 611 [2d Dept 2003]). In particular, the offense was serious in that defendant disobeyed a court order designed to protect his wife from harm.
Concur — Mazzarelli, J.P., Sweeny, Moskowitz, Clark and Kapnick, JJ.