Case Name: Franklin Rashad BODDIE v. STATE of Mississippi
Court: Mississippi Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Mississippi
Decision Date: 2004-06-10
Citations: 875 So. 2d 180
Docket Number: No. 2001-CT-00304-SCT
Parties: Franklin Rashad BODDIE v. STATE of Mississippi.
Judges: SMITH, C.J., WALLER AND COBB, P.JJ., EASLEY, DICKINSON AND RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR. GRAVES, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 875
Pages: 180–188

Head Matter:
Franklin Rashad BODDIE v. STATE of Mississippi.
No. 2001-CT-00304-SCT.
Supreme Court of Mississippi.
June 10, 2004.
J. Ronald Parrish, attorney for appellant.
Office of the Attorney General by Charles W. Maris, Jr., attorney for appel-lee.

Opinion:
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI
CARLSON, Justice,
for the Court.
¶ 1. On August 16, 1999,. Franklin Rash-ad Boddie pled guilty to the crime of transfer of cocaine. On March 22, 2000, Boddie filed in the Pike County Circuit Court a petition for post-conviction relief (PCR) seeking vacation of the judgment of conviction and sentence imposed pursuant to his guilty plea. After a hearing was conducted on December 4, 2000, the circuit court, the Hon. Keith Starrett, presiding, denied Boddie's PCR motion. . Feeling aggrieved, Boddie appealed that ruling arguing that his plea to that charge was void due to language used by the trial court which Boddie argued, in essence, dismissed the charge of transfer of cocaine. He also argued that there was no factual basis for the plea. A unanimous Court of Appeals affirmed, Boddie v. State, 850 So.2d 1205 (Miss.Ct.App.2002), and we granted certiorari. We affirm because (1) the trial court did not dismiss the charge of transfer of cocaine, but merely made a ruling on the evidence, and (2) the record as a whole established an adequate factual basis for the plea.
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS IN THE CIRCUIT COURT
¶ 2. Boddie was indicted for the crimes of transfer of cocaine and aggravated assault. Boddie filed a motion to quash the indictment, alleging that the grand jury did not have sufficient evidence to indict him. After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court entered an order stating that it was "necessary and proper that this [cjourt make an adjudication on evidentia-ry matters in order to resolve pending disputes herein." (emphasis added). Therefore, the trial court specifically stated that the order which was being entered was a ruling on the admissibility of the evidence.
¶ 3. The State informed the court that in order to prove that Boddie transferred cocaine, the prosecution intended to introduce the alleged expert testimony of the drug addict to whom the cocaine was delivered. The trial court held that the "opinion of a drug user that the substance is cocaine is hot sufficient." The trial court further stated that "[t]o allow prosecution for the transfer of cocaine indictment when the court has made this ruling, would be improper. The parties have stipulated as to what the proof would be and therefore, this court feels comfortable in granting what is in effect a directed verdict." The trial court also ruled that the statement made by the defendant that he did in fact transfer the cocaine could be used against him to prove motive under the aggravated assault indictment. This order did not quash the indictment.
¶ 4. After the entry of the trial court's order, plea negotiations continued between the State and the defendant. On August 16, 1999, Boddie entered a plea of guilty to the transfer charge, in return for the State's agreeing to recommend a sentence of twenty years with ten years suspended and served on post-release supervision and a fine of $2,000. The State also agreed not to prosecute the aggravated assault and armed robbery charge. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court made sure everyone was in agreement that the previous order entered was a ruling on evidentiary matters and the indictment had not been dismissed. All parties, including the defendant, stated that they agreed that the indictment was outstanding as to the transfer of cocaine charge. The trial court made sure Boddie was aware of his right to a trial by jury and the right to appeal any conviction pursuant to a jury verdict. The trial court also ascertained that Boddie was aware that a plea of guilty waived those rights. Boddie informed the trial court that he was pleading guilty to the charge of transfer of cocaine because he was in fact guilty of the offense. He also stated that he was "satisfied the State [could] prove beyond a reasonable doubt that [he was] guilty of the offense charged, unlawful transfer of cocaine." Boddie's mother was also present at this sentencing hearing. She stated that after having been present during the discussions between Boddie and his attorney, she was satisfied that Boddie was aware of consequences of his guilty plea. After finding that Boddie was competent and that he voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently waived his rights and entered a plea of guilty, the trial court accepted Bod-die's guilty plea.
¶ 5. On April 8, 1999, Boddie, through new counsel, filed this petition for post-conviction relief. In his petition, Boddie argued that he should not have been allowed to plead guilty to the charge of transfer of cocaine because the trial court's ruling effectively dismissed the charge against him. On December 4, 2001, after hearing arguments from both parties, the trial court again stated that the indictment against Boddie was not quashed. The trial judge held that he:
basically was giving an opinion that with that evidence I didn't think the State would prevail, because if they didn't have the substance then the case law was against it, and even armed with that ruling the defendant chose to plead guilty to the offense of transfer of cocaine. So, it would just be [an] injustice to allow that to happen. It would defy reason and logic, and the defendant was very well aware of the circumstances, as was his attorney and his Mother who signed off on the Know Your Rights Form.
The trial court thus denied Boddie's PCR motion.
DISCUSSION
¶6. Our standard of review of the trial court's denial of a PCR motion is clear. We will not reverse the factual findings of the trial court unless they are clearly erroneous. Brown v. State, 731 So.2d 595, 598(¶ 6) (Miss.1999). Questions of law are reviewed de novo. Id.
¶ 7. In State v. Peoples, 481 So.2d 1069 (Miss.1986), the defendant moved to quash the kidnapping indictment, alleging insufficient evidence. After hearing arguments from all parties, the trial court quashed the kidnapping indictment. Id. at 1070. This Court held that the ruling by the trial court was erroneous and the matter should have proceeded to trial. Id. This Court stated that "[n]either a motion to quash nor any other pretrial pleading can be employed to test the sufficiency of evidence." Id. (citing State v. Grady, 281 So.2d 678, 680 (Miss.1973); State v. Peek, 95 Miss. 240, 243, 48 So. 819 (1909)). See also Callahan v. State, 419 So.2d 165, 168 (Miss.1982); State v. Bates, 187 Miss. 172, 179, 192 So. 832, 834-35 (1940). This Court determined that "if the procedure employed by the trial court in this case were permitted, it would have a monumental effect on our criminal justice system." As this Court observed in Grady,
The proper time to test the sufficiency of the evidence to support any indictment is when the case is tried on its merits. Then if the evidence on behalf of the state is insufficient to support the charge made in the indictment, on proper motion, the trial court should so hold and direct the jury to find the accused not guilty, otherwise, the case should be submitted to the jury to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused. •
281 So.2d at 681-82. Therefore, it would have been improper for the trial court to quash the indictment for transfer of cocaine based on insufficiency of the evidence. The trial court made an evidentia-ry ruling that the person to whom the drugs were sold could not testify as an expert witness. The trial judge also stated, in his opinion, that if that was the only evidence the State had to present, he did not feel its case would be successful at trial. However, this opinion did not amount to a directed verdict, nor did it amount to a quashed indictment.
¶ 8. As to Boddie's argument that there was no factual basis for his guilty plea, this Court is not limited to the transcript of Boddie's guilty plea -hearing, but we are allowed to review the record as a whole. Gaskin v. State, 618 So.2d 103, 106 (Miss.1993). See Corley v. State, 585 So.2d 765, 767-68 (Miss.1991). While the transcript of the guilty plea hearing contains no specific reference to a factual basis for the charge of transfer of cocaine, Boddie made a statement, which the trial court ruled to be admissible, in which he admitted to the crime alleged in the indictment. Boddie also acknowledged at his guilty plea hearing that he was satisfied that the State could prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that he was guilty of the crime of transfer of cocaine. Thus, based on the totality of the evidence, there existed a factual basis for Boddie's plea of guilty to transfer of cocaine.
CONCLUSION
¶ 9. An evidentiary hearing was held before the trial judge where he ruled that the opinion of a drug user was not sufficient to prove transfer of a controlled substance. Although he incorrectly made a statement about a directed verdict, the trial judge later corrected his misstatement before Boddie pled guilty to the charge, informing all parties that the indictment had not been quashed, merely a ruling on the evidence had been made. Knowing this fact and with the consent of his attorney, Boddie consciously and knowingly entered a plea of guilty to the charge of transfer of cocaine. Had he not pled guilty, this case would have proceeded to trial because the indictment was never quashed. Finally, based on the totality of the record, there existed a factual basis for the guilty plea.
¶ 10. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgments of the Court of Appeals and the Pike County Circuit Court.
¶11. AFFIRMED.
SMITH, C.J., WALLER AND COBB, P.JJ., EASLEY, DICKINSON AND RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR. GRAVES, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
. Pursuant to Miss.Code Ann. § 47-7-34, the "maximum amount of time that the Mississippi Department of Corrections may supervise an offender on the post-release supervision program is five (5) years." The practical effect of the sentence would be that, just like supervised probation or a suspended sentence (with no MDOC supervision), only five years of Boddie's post-release supervision would be under the direction of the MDOC, with the remaining five years being served in essence like "unsupervised probation" or a suspended sentence.