Case Name: Bertha Leonard, Respondent, v. Caroline Schmidt and Eli Younghem, Defendants, Impleaded with Leo J. Kreshover, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1905-12
Citations: 109 A.D. 549
Docket Number: 
Parties: Bertha Leonard, Respondent, v. Caroline Schmidt and Eli Younghem, Defendants, Impleaded with Leo J. Kreshover, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 109
Pages: 549–552

Head Matter:
Bertha Leonard, Respondent, v. Caroline Schmidt and Eli Younghem, Defendants, Impleaded with Leo J. Kreshover, Appellant.
First Department,
December, 1905.
Injunction pendente lite — when not granted to restrain foreclosure of chattel mortgage in action for breach of covenant in lease.
When, in an action by a lessee against her lessor and his grantee for damages for breach of covenants to repair, the grantee, by mesne conveyances, has become the holder of a chattel mortgage executed by the plaintiff to secure the payment of rent, an injunction pendente lite should not be granted to restrain the foreclosure of such chattel mortgage pending the determination of the action for breach of covenant, when neither the complaint nor the affidavit setting forth the execution of the chattel mortgage discloses any ground for injunctive relief under sections 603 or 604 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Iu any event, such injunction cannot be granted without requiring, an undertaking by plaintiff.
Appeal, by the' defendant, Leo J. Kreshover, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the Hew York Special Term and -entered in the office of the clerk of. the county of New York on the 11th day of October, 1905, enjoining -the said defendant from ■ foreclosing a certain chattel mortgage.
Louis Zinke, for the appellant.
George J. Kilgen, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Clarke, J.:
The complaint alleges that the plaintiff entered in-tp-a lease in writing with the defendant Schmidt, whereby she hired for the term .of three years from October 1, 1902, ascertain apartment house in the. city of New York at an annual rent of $5,000; that by the terms of said lease the landlord was to make all necessary repairs and decorate each flat or apartment at least once during said term, furnish a suffi-. ciencyof hot water and steam heat, and a janitor satisfactory to the-. plaintiff, all of which the defendants failed to do; that by reason of the failure of defendants to do and perform the terms and conditions' of said lease, she was unable to rent said apartments to advantage, and Could not keep tenants when she got them; that on the 25th of Ma.y, 1904, the defendant Schmidt conveyed the premises to the defendant Younghem, and that on August 1,1905, Younghem conveyed to the defendant Ekeshover, who ever since was and now is the owner and in the possession of said premises.- She further alleges that on the 1st day of August,. 1905, she vacated and surrendered seven of the apartments in said premises, and on the first of September she vacated the remainder of said premises, for the reason that said flats- and apartments were unfit for use; and occupancy, and wére not tenahtable or inhabitable; that she' has paid the defendants the rent for each and every month, except for the months of August and September, having paid-in all-,$14,250;. that by the failure of the defendants to keep, and perform-all that Was required to. be done by them by the terms of said lease, she was damaged in the sum of .$1,000, and demands judgment therefor.
This is a simple action at law to recover damages for a breach of •the covenants of a lease. In the moving affidavit she alleged further, that at the time of the making of said lease she gave a chattel mortgage on all the furniture in said premises to secure the. payment of the rent, which, by mesne assignments, was assigned to the present owner of the premises, Kreshover, which mortgage he threatens to foreclose for the failure and refusal of the plaintiff to pay the rent for the months of August and September; that- all of said furniture was removed from said premises, and that if the defendant Kreshover1 be not restrained and be permitted to carry out his threat to foreclose said chattel mortgage and sell the property covered by the same, it would work a hardship and injury to this plaintiff and leave only a doubtful security for her relief, and asked for an injunction pendente lite.
The order made on said papers and now at bar provided: " Ordered that the defendant.Kreshover, his attorneys and all other persons, be and they hereby are enjoined from taking any steps to foreclose said chattel mortgage and from proceeding to . collect any-rent under the lease above referred to of the premises aforesaid." This appears to be á permanent injunction. No security whatever was required or furnished. In an action at law to recover damages for the breach of the covenants of a lease, the court without a trial has made a permanent injunction restraining the foreclosure of a chattel mortgage not alluded to in the complaint. The authority to make this order is clearly not given by section 603 of the Code of Civil Procedure which provides : " Where it appears from the complaint that the plaintiff demands and is entitled to a judgment, against the defendant restraining the commission or continuance of an act, the commission or continuance of which during the pendency of the action would produce injury to the plaintiff, an injunction order may be granted to restrain it. The case provided for in this section is described in this act as a case where the right to an injunction depends upon the nature of the action." The complaint shows no demand for injunctive relief preventing and restraining foreclosure, no continuance or commission of any act during the pendency of. the action, no injury to the plaintiff, even assuming that such a foreclosure would take place, and no proof showing plaintiff entitled to an injunction. Therefore, by the express provisions of the section, it furnishes no authority for the order. In Belaseo Co. v. Klaw (98 App. Div. 74) this court said: " It is clear, therefore, that the injunction is not warranted under section 603 of the Code of Civil Procedure, because that section applies when the right to an injunction depends upon the nature of the action." ' In Heine v. Rohner (29 App. Div. 242) we said: " The question of the .right to an injunction of. this character depends upon, the allegations.' of the complaint, and '"' * unless it appears from the com- • plaint that the plaintiff is entitled to the judgment of injunction,, it cannot issue. (Code Civ,. Proc. § .603.) It may all be; very true that evidence may be* offerfed in the. shape of affidavits to support the allegations of the complaint, but where the. complaint itself shows no cause of action or right to relief, such right cannot, be'established by affidavit." Hor do the provisions qf section 604 of the said Code cover the case. Subdivision 1 thereof does not apply as it does, not appear that the defendant procured ór suffered to be done, .or threatened or was about to do or to procure or suffer to be done,, an act during the pendency of the action " in violation of the. plaintiff's. rights respecting the subject; of the action and tending to. render the judgment ineffectual." The subject of the-action was " the right to recover damages; for the breach of express, covenants in a lease. Hor can subdivision 2 of said section apply, for it does not appear that the defendant during the pendency of the action threatens or is about to remove or to dispose of. his property with intent to defraud the' plaintiff •
So that, neither under section 603 nor section 604 of. the Code-of Civil Procedure does the' complaint or. the affidavit, disclose any grounds, for an injunction pendente lite, much less for a, permanent injunction such as this is in terms. Purther^ section 620 of the. Code ' of Civil Procedure provides that where special provision' is: not otherwise made: by law for security, the plaintiff must give, an undertaking. This has not been required. .
The, order must be reversed,, with ten dollars, costs and disbursements, and motion denied,, with ten dollars costs..
O'Brien, P. J., Patterson, Ingraham and .Houghton, JJ., concurred.
Order. reversed, with ten dollars' costs, and disbursements,, and motion denied, with ten dollars costs. >