Case Name: Frederick CAVE, Petitioner, v. STATE of Florida, Respondent
Court: Florida Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1993-02-04
Citations: 613 So. 2d 454
Docket Number: No. 77937
Parties: Frederick CAVE, Petitioner, v. STATE of Florida, Respondent.
Judges: OVERTON, MCDONALD, GRIMES and HARDING, JJ., concur.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 613
Pages: 454–457

Head Matter:
Frederick CAVE, Petitioner, v. STATE of Florida, Respondent.
No. 77937.
Supreme Court of Florida.
Feb. 4, 1993.
George F. Schaefer, Gainesville, for petitioner.
Robert A. Butterworth, Atty. Gen. and Charlie McCoy, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, for respondent.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
We have for review Cave v. State, 578 So.2d 766 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), which certified the following question of great public importance:
DOES THE TEMPORAL PROXIMITY OF CRIMES ALONE PROVIDE A VALID REASON FOR DEPARTURE FROM THE SENTENCING GUIDELINES WITHOUT A FINDING OF A PERSISTENT PATTERN OF CRIMINAL CONDUCT?
Cave, 578 So.2d at 768. We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const. We have answered the same certified question presented by this case in Barfield v. State, 594 So.2d 259 (Fla.1992). Accordingly, the decision below is quashed, and this cause is remanded to the district court for reconsideration in light of Barfield.
The district court also noted conflict with Rowe v. State, 574 So.2d 1107 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990), review denied, 576 So.2d 290 (Fla.1991). On this issue, we find no error in the court's determination that Cave lawfully could be tried and sentenced for both armed robbery and aggravated battery. There is no double jeopardy because each crime contains an element not contained in the other. See State v. McCloud, 577 So.2d 939 (Fla.1991). Moreover, the court below characterized aggravated battery as a category-two lesser included offense of armed robbery. Aggravated battery can be a category-two lesser included offense of armed robbery, but it was not here because the language of the count of the information that charged armed robbery did not contain all of the elements of aggravated battery. See Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim.) Schedule of Lesser Included Offenses. We disapprove Rowe and Sheppard v. State, 549 So.2d 796 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989), to the extent they are inconsistent with this opinion.
It is so ordered.
OVERTON, MCDONALD, GRIMES and HARDING, JJ., concur.
BARKETT, C.J., concurs specially with an opinion.
KOGAN, J., concurs specially with an opinion.
SHAW, J., concurs in result only.