Case Name: Nneka WEST, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 2004-06-16
Citations: 876 So. 2d 614
Docket Number: No. 4D03-2027
Parties: Nneka WEST, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
Judges: WARNER, J., concurs.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 876
Pages: 614–618

Head Matter:
Nneka WEST, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
No. 4D03-2027.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.
June 16, 2004.
Rehearing Denied July 30, 2004.
Carey Haughwout, Public Defender, and Joseph R. Chloupek, Assistant Public Defender, West Palm Beach, for appellant.
Charles J. Crist, Jr., Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Sue-Ellen Kenny, Assistant Attorney General, West Palm Beach, for appellee.

Opinion:
KLEIN, J.
Appellant was convicted of first degree murder and contends that the trial court should have suppressed her confession because her Miranda warnings were inadequate. We reverse.
In March, 2001, appellant was arrested, and after being read what purported to be a Miranda warning, admitted her involvement in a plan which resulted in the victim being murdered. At a hearing on her motion to suppress, a detective testified that he read appellant her rights from a standard Broward County Sheriffs Office Miranda form. He did not inform appellant that she was entitled to have counsel present during questioning or that she could stop the interrogation at any time during questioning. The detective explained:
I told her, you have the right to remain silent, that anything that you say can be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to talk to a lawyer and have a lawyer present before any questioning and if you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you or for any questions if you wish. And I asked her, do you understand the rights that we just read and that is where she initialed, yes.
Q. That word yes, sir, is that your handwriting or Ms. West's handwriting?
A. No, that's Nneka's, that's Ms. West's handwriting.
Q. After that at the end of the rights waiver it says, I see where it says Nneka West. Who put Nneka West's name in?
A. Ms. West.
Q. Could you make out what it says after that?
A. It says, I, the person you're meeting with, and Ms. West had printed her name, have read this statement of my rights or had it read to me and I understand what my rights are. With theses [sic] rights in mind, I am willing to answer questions without a lawyer present. This waiver of rights is signed of my own free will without any threats or promises having been made to me.
As to the first ground of appellant's motion to suppress, that she was not advised of her right to have an attorney present during questioning, Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 471-72, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), held:
[A]n individual held for interrogation must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation. . [emphasis supplied].
With specific reference to the failure to advise a defendant of the right to have a lawyer present during interrogation, the Miranda court further stated:
As with the warnings of the right to remain silent and that anything stated can be used in evidence against him, this warning is an absolute prerequisite to interrogation. No amount of circumstantial evidence that the person may have been aware of this right will suffice to stand in its stead. Only through such a warning is there ascertainable assurance that the accused was aware of this right.
Id. at 471, 86 S.Ct. 1602.
There is authority supporting the view that a Miranda warning which fails to advise of the right to counsel during interrogation makes a confession inadmissible as a matter of law. United States v. Bland, 908 F.2d 471 (9th Cir.1990); United States v. Oliver, 505 F.2d 301 (7th Cir.1974); Chambers v. United States, 391 F.2d 455 (5th Cir.1968). See also, Thomp son v. State, 595 So.2d 16, 17 (Fla.1992) (appears to hold that the failure to advise defendant that if he could not afford an attorney the state would provide one at no cost rendered confession inadmissible as a matter of law).
In Miranda, with reference to a situation in which no warning was given, the Court stated:
The Fifth Amendment privilege is so fundamental to our system . and the expedient of giving an adequate warning . so simple, [that] we will not pause to inquire in individual cases whether the defendant was aware of his rights without a warning being given.
Id. at 468.
At the hearing on the motion to suppress, in which the state had the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that appellant waived her rights, Ramirez v. State, 739 So.2d 568 (Fla.1999), the evidence centered on whether appellant was of sufficient intelligence to waive her rights. Appellant, who had never before been arrested, scored sixty-one on an IQ test, indicating that she was mildly retarded. Whether she had the intellectual capacity to intelligently waive her rights was disputed by experts. Without addressing the facial inadequacy of the warning, the trial court denied the motion to suppress, finding that under the totality of the circumstances appellant understood her rights and knowingly and intelligently waived them.
The problem with the trial court's finding is that it overlooks that appellant was not informed that she was entitled to have counsel present during interrogation or that she could stop the interrogation at any time. Nor did the state produce evidence that appellant knew this and knowingly waived these rights. Her confession should accordingly have been suppressed.
We therefore reverse for a new trial.
WARNER, J., concurs.
GROSS, J., concurs specially with opinion.