Case Name: MILLER v. BUSH
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1895-06-21
Citations: 34 N.Y.S. 286
Docket Number: 
Parties: MILLER v. BUSH.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 34
Pages: 286–288

Head Matter:
(87 Hun, 507.)
MILLER v. BUSH.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
June 21, 1895.)
1. Contracts of Town Officers—Action against Town.
Laws 1890, c. 509, §. 182, providing that any action on a contract made with any of the officers by whom a town is represented, to enforce the liability of the town thereon, shall be in the name of the town, requires an action on a contract of a town overseer of the poor to be against the town, though there is no express repeal of Code Civ. Proe. §§ 1926, 1927, providing that actions may be maintained against those officers on contracts made by them, and for other causes of action arising from their official duty; these sections being limited by section 1928, which provides that the last two sections do not apply to a case where it is specially provided that an action may be maintained by or .against the body represented by the officers designated in such sections.
2. Same—Contracts Made While Officer could be Sued.
An action brought on a contract of a town officer' after passage of an act providing that it shall be brought against the town should be against the town,- though the contract was made while the officer could be sued thereon; the contract not being impaired, but merely the remedy modified, by the statute.
Action by Benjamin C. Miller against J. Wesley Bush, as sole overseer of the poor of the town of Cohocton, county of Steuben. A nonsuit was directed, and plaintiff moves for a new trial on exceptions taken at Steuben circuit, and ordered heard at general term in the first instance.
Denied.
Argued before LEWIS, BRADLEY, and WARD, JJ.
W. E. Davis, for plaintiff.
C. W. Stanton and J. F. Little (M. Rumsey Miller, of counsel), for defendant

Opinion:
BRADLEY, J.
The alleged purpose of the action is to recover compensation for the services of W. Martin Jones as attorney and counsel in an action which had been prosecuted in the name of a predecessor in office of the defendant against a party charged with illegally selling intoxicating liquors, and to recover penalties for such violation of law. The alleged services commenced in 1887, and terminated in 1890. The claim was assigned by Jones to the plaintiff, and this action was commenced in August, 1892.
The only question requiring consideration on this review is -whether the overseer of the poor is a proper party defendant, for the purpose of the relief sought by the action. Prior to the time the act of 1890, known as the "Town Law," took effect, the town had a very limited corporate power. 1 Rev. St. p. 337, § 1, 2. In cases coming within such powers, the town could sue and be sued, except where the town officers were authorized to sue in their names of office for the benefit of the town. Id. p. 357, § 2. Although the overseers of the poor, and other administrative officers, were elected at town elections, they, in the performance of their official duties, were not in any legal sense the .servants or agents of their respective towns. They and their successors in office alone could sué and be sued upon their contracts, and for other causes of action relating to, and within the scope of, their official powers. Palmer v. Vandenburgh, 3 Wend. 193; Lorillard v. Town of Monroe, 11 N. Y. 393; People v. Board of Town Auditors, 74 N. Y. 310. The first general statute shifting the direct liability of any of the town officers to the town, as a party defendant, was that which relieved the highway commissioners, in certain cases, from that relation to an action. Laws 1881, c. 700. Afterwards, by the town law, it was provided that:
"Any action or special proceeding for the benefit of a town upon a contract lawfully made with any of its town officers, to enforce any liability created or duty enjoined upon those officers, or the town represented by them, or to recover any penalty or forfeiture given to such officers, or the town represented by them, or to recover damages for injury to the property or rights of such officers or the town represented by them, shall be in the name of the town. Any action or special proceeding to enforce the liability of the town upon any such contract, or for any liability of the town for any act or omission of its town officers shall .be in the name of the town; and all contracts made by such officers for and in behalf of their towns shall be in the name of the town. When such contracts are otherwise lawful!^ made they shall be deemed the contracts of the town notwithstanding it is omitted to be stated therein that they are in the name of the town." Laws 1890, c. 569, § 182.
' The provisions of the Revised Statutes hereinbefore referred to, so far as they are not consistent with those of the act of 1890, are repealed by it And it is evident that the purpose of those provisions of the act was to place the town, as a party plaintiff or defendant, in the. same relation to actions as. those officers before then had to like actions for causes legitimately arising out of or relating to the performance of their official powers or duties. Although the officers are not there mentioned, otherwise than as those by whom the town is represented, that expression, as commonly understood, embraces the officers of the town whose powers are administrative, and must be deemed to include them. As to those officers, there were statutory provisions for their indemnity by the town when they were subjected to expense arising out of the lawful discharge of their duties. And in such case it was provided that, as against them, other than the commissioners of highways, no execution could be issued. 2 Rev. St. p. 475, § 107; Code Civ. Proc. § 1931. For those reasons the policy, as'well as the apparent purpose, of the provisions of the act, was to require that the town have direct relations as a party to actions, instead of such officers. In support of the contrary view, reference is made by counsel to sections 1926 and 1927 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provide that actions may be maintained by and against those officers upon contracts lawfully made by them, and for other causes of action arising from their official actions. And it is urged that, as those provisions are permitted to remain unrepealed, the right of such officers to maintain actions, and their liability to be sued, are not taken away by the provisions of the act of 1890 before mentioned. While those sections are unrepealed, their provisions, so far as they relate to those town officers, are relieved from any want of harmony with those of that act by the next section of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides "that the last two sections do not apply to a case where it is specially prescribed by law that an action may be maintained by or against the body represented by an officer designated in those sections." The provisions referred to, of the act of 1890, are within the contemplated application of that section of the Code.
The fact that the plaintiff's alleged cause arose prior to the time that act took effect does not relieve his action, commenced since then, from its operation. While his contract, and the right to enforce it, cannot be impaired by state legislation, the form of his remedy may be modified by statute. The saving provisions of section 241 of the act of 1890 purport to relate to existing rights, and not to the remedy for their enforcement.
These views lead to the conclusion that the town of Cohocton, and not the overseer of the poor, was the necessary and only proper party defendant, and therefore the exception to the direction of nonsuit was not well taken. No application was made at the trial for leave to amend, and on this review it is not deemed proper to direct an amendment making the town the party defendant.
. The motion for a new trial should be denied, and judgment directed for the defendant All concur.