Case Name: John T. Baxter v. The Brooklyn Life Ins. Co.
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1887-04-19
Citations: 8 N.Y. St. Rep. 246
Docket Number: 
Parties: John T. Baxter v. The Brooklyn Life Ins. Co.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 8
Pages: 246–249

Head Matter:
John T. Baxter v. The Brooklyn Life Ins. Co.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,
Filed April 19, 1887.)
1. Insurance—Life—Condition in policy—Effect of.
This action was brought upon a policy of insurance made by the defendant upon the life of the plaintiff's husband, and payable to her within sixty days after the receipt of proofs of his death, subject to the condition of the payment of premiums at intervals fixed by the terms of the policy, and in event of the non-payment of any premium, the policy to be void. Seld, that in the absence of any statute provision to the contrary, the failure to make such payment of any premiums would be fatal to the recovery of the plaintiff.
3. Same—Laws 1876. chap. 341, as amended by Laws 1877, chap. 331— Forfeiture of policy for non-payment of premium—Pleading.
It is provided by Laws 1876, chap. 341, as amended by Laws 1877, chap. 331, that no life insurance company shall have power to declare forfeited any policy by reason of the non-payment of any premium until the expiration of thirty days after the service on the person whose life is insured of a notice thereby prescribed; and in case the payment is made within that time, the same shall he taken to he in full compliance with the requirements of the policy in that respect. Held, that a waiver or excuse for nonperformance of a condition precedent to a right of action upon a contract must he alleged to admit evidence of the fact.
3. Same—Courts will take judicial notice of public statute.
Held, that judicial notice would be taken of the public statute giving the protection against the right of forfeiture without notice.
4. Same—Existing statute provisions form part of contract.
Held, that the policy being made subject to the provisions of the statute, they became part of the contract at the time of its execution.
5. Same—Performance—Pleading.
Held, that an allegation of performance on the part of the insured was sufficient, and that it was not necessary to allege that the insured was not in default.
6. Same—Right to forfeiture must be shown by insurer.
Held, that the burden was upon the insurer to show that it had done what was required of it to put the insured in default.
7. Same—Presumption adverse to.
Held, that in the absence of proof on the subject, the presumption was that no notice had been served by the defendant upon the insured, and that at the time of his death the policy remained valid.
Motion by defendant for new trial on exceptions taken at Cattaraugus circuit, and ordered heard at general term in the first instance.
Charles E. Cary, for pl’ff; William A. Ford, for def’t.

Opinion:
Bradley, J.
The action is upon a policy made by the defendant May 24, 1884, on the life of Joel J. Matteson, to the amount of $3,000, payable to Maria Matteson, his wife, within sixty days after the receipt of proofs of his death, subject to the condition that $20.97 be paid in advance on the delivery of the policy, and a like sum on the twenty-fourth day of August, November, February and May in every year during the continuance of the contract, and that the policy be void if any premium, or any part of a premium, be not paid when due. The insured died September 6, 1884, and the requisite proofs of death were furnished to the defendant more than sixty days before the commencement of this action. The alleged cause of action against the defendant upon the policy was assigned to the plaintiff. There is no evidence that the quarterly premium, which became due the 24th day of August, 1884, was paid. _ And that is the ground of the exceptions taken to the denial of the defendant's motion for non-suit, and to the direction of a verdict for the plaintiff.
The complaint alleges payment of the quarter-yearly payments as required by the agreement with the defendant. And the answer denies payment of the instalment due August 24, 1884.
The failure to make such payment would be fatal to the plaintiff's recovery, but for the statute, which provides that no life insurance company shall have power to declare forfeited any policy by reason of non-payment of any premium until the expiration of thirty days after the service on the person whose life is insured, of the prescribed notice, and in case the payment is made within that time, the same shall be taken to be in full compliance with the requirements of the policy in that respect. Laws of 1876, chap. 341, as amended by Laws of 1877, chap. 321. It is contended by the defendant's counsel, that upon the allegations of the complaint the issue presented by the pleadings is whether or not the payment was in fact made, and that, the statute referred to is not available to the plaintiff, because he has not alleged in support of his action the failure of the defendant to serve the notice required by the statute to permit forfeiture of the policy for non-payment of the premium.
It is a rule of pleading that a waiver or excuse for nonperformance of a condition precedent to a right of action upon a contract must be alleged to admit evidence of the fact. Baldwin v. Munn, 2 Wend., 399; Crandall v. Clark, 7 Barb., 169; Oakley v. Morton, 11 N. Y., 25, 33. And the question is usually raised by objection to evidence offered to prove such waiver or excuse, while here no proof was required, as the protection against the right of forfeiture without notice was given hy a public statute, of which judicial notice would be taken. This case in that respect, therefore, differs from those where the parties have by agreement modified their original contract, or by some-arrangement the strict performance of its terms has been waived, or in some manner excused.
Then it becomes a fact to be established by evidence, and the reason is apparent that the defendant should be advised by the allegations of the complaint, of such excuse relied upon, that he may traverse the issue tendered and be prepared to meet it at the trial. The law declares the continued validity of the contract of insurance notwithstanding the-failure to pay a premium on the day specified in the policy, and until default arising from failure to pay within the-designated time after the statutory notice. The same reason therefore does not seem to exist for pleading the omission to pay on the day mentioned in the policy.
The failure of the defendant to serve the requisite notice to put the insured in default, as is applicable to a modifica tion of a contract by the parties to it. There it is in some sense a new contract, and upon it the right of action rests. Here there is no modification of the contract of insurance,, and no waiver or excuse for the non-performance of any condition precedent to relief by action, produced by any agreement or act of the parties subsequently to the execution of the contract, but the policy was made subject to the provisions of the statute, which became part of the contract at the time of its execution. And in view of this statute the allegation of performance was within the meaning of the contract as made. The practical interpretation and effect of it is that the insured is not in default for nonpayment of a premium until the expiration of the time to-pay, after the notice is given. This is fairly within the import of the statutory provision that, "in case the payment demanded by such notice shall be made within the thirty days limited therefor, the same shall be taken to be in full compliance with the requirements of the policy in respect to the payment of said premium."
The contention that the plaintiff was not entitled to the benefit of the statute upon the issue made by the pleadings is, therefore, not supported. The burden, we think, was with the defendant to show that it had done what was required of it to put the person whose fife was insured in default. This would seem to be so from the fact that the service of the notice is an affirmative act, to be performed by the company, and its existence is peculiarly within its knowledge. And in view of providing the means of preserving and producing such evidence for the benefit of the insurance companies, the statute provides that an affidavit of the service of the notice shall be presumptive evidence of the fact of service. Laws 1877, chap. 321, § 2. If these views are correct it follows that in the absence of proof on the subject the presumption is that no notice had been served by the defendant upon the insured, that at the time of his death the policy remained valid, and that the plaintiff was entitled to recover.
The motion for new trial should be denied, and judgment ordered for the plaintiff on the verdict.
Smith, P. J., and Haight, J., concur; Barker, J., not, voting.