Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Linda KALISH, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2009-02-18
Citations: 312 F. App'x 849
Docket Number: No. 08-50095
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Linda KALISH, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before: KLEINFELD, BEA and IKUTA, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 312
Pages: 849–851

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Linda KALISH, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 08-50095.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted Feb. 12, 2009.
Filed Feb. 18, 2009.
Michael J. Raphael, Esquire, Assistant U.S., Daniel Saunders, Assistant U.S., Office of the U.S. Attorney, Los Angeles, CA, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Richard A. Levy, Esquire, Torrance, CA, for Defendant-Appellant.
Linda Kalish, Fort Worth, TX, pro se.
Before: KLEINFELD, BEA and IKUTA, Circuit Judges.
The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R.App. P. 34(a)(2).

Opinion:
MEMORANDUM
The district court did not err in determining that Kalish's offense involved preparation to carry out a threat of serious bodily injury, and therefore did not err in increasing her base offense level by three levels pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2B3.2(b)(3)(B). In her plea agreement, Kalish stated that she "understood and intended that CW [the government's cooperating witness] would collect the debt from Testa by the use or threats of force or fear." Further, the district court found that Kalish intended and agreed that CW would make threats to cause serious bodily injury and would potentially use force against Testa. These findings were not clearly erroneous. With respect to Kalish's preparation to carry out these threats, Kalish stipulated in her plea agreement that she and her partner provided CW with $2,000 to cover his travel expenses to Philadelphia. The PSR stated that Kalish gave CW detailed information regarding the victim's daily routine and how to locate him in Philadelphia, and the parties do not dispute these findings.
Under the plain language of U.S.S.G. § 2B3.2(b)(3)(B), Kalish's activities constitute "preparation to carry out a threat" of serious bodily injury. See United States v. Panaro, 266 F.3d 939, 954 (9th Cir.2001). Although application note 6 to U.S.S.G. § 2B3.2(b)(3)(B) gives examples of extortionate demands that were intended to demonstrate the defendant's preparation to carry out a threat of hai'm to the victim, we have previously upheld an enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2B3.2(b)(3)(B), even where the victim was unaware of the existence of any such threat. See id.
AFFIRMED.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provid ed by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.