Case Name: REED et al. v. FICHENCORD et al.
Court: Oklahoma Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Oklahoma
Decision Date: 1923-10-23
Citations: 96 Okla. 3
Docket Number: No. 11297
Parties: REED et al. v. FICHENCORD et al.
Judges: JOHNSON, C. J., and KENNAMER, NICHOLSON, and HARRISON, JJ., concur. MASON, J., dissents.
Reporter: Oklahoma Reports
Volume: 96
Pages: 3–6

Head Matter:
REED et al. v. FICHENCORD et al.
No. 11297
Opinion Filed Oct. 23, 1923.
(Syllabus.)
1.Accord and Satisfaction — Insufficiency as Defense to Action for Damages.
In an action for damages sustained on account of trespass and wrongful taking of personal property, the payment by the defendants to the plaintiffs of a sum of money representing the net amount remaining in the hands of the defendants from the operation of the property during the time it was in the possession of the defendants and the acceptance of such sum by the plaintiffs does not constitute a defense to the action for the wrongful trespass unless such sum was accepted by the plaintiffs in satisfaction or release of their right of action for the wrongful trespass.
2. Principal and Agent - Allegation of Agency — Denial Under Oath.
An express averment of agency is not required in an answer in order to require a denial thereof under oath, if the facts constituting the agency are set forth in the answer; but, if a denial under oath is required, the facts averred must be of such nature and character that agency follows as a conclusion of law.
3. Damages — Exemplary Damages — Torts.
To authorize judgment for exemplary damage in an action sounding in tort, proof must show some element of fraud, malice, or oppression.
4. Same — Question for Jury.
Where there is some evidence reasonably lending to prove the issue of malice or oppression in the commission of a tort, it is the duty of the trial court to submit that question to the jury.
5. Appeal and Error — Excessive' Damages —Cure by Remittitur.
Where it appears that a judgment was rendered for $1,250 actual damages, and the trial court required a remittitur of $250 because the verdict was excessive, and where there is nothing else in the record to show that the verdict was rendered under the influence of passion and prejudice and the sum of $250 is remitted by the plaintiffs according to the order of the trial court, the judgment will not be disturbed on the ground that the verdict was rendered through the influence of passion and prejudice.
Error from Superior Court, Muskogee County; Guy F. Nelson, Judge.
Action by H. F. Fichencord et al. against P. E. Reed et al. Judgment for plaintiffs, and defendants bring error.
Affirmed.
N. A. Gibson, J. L. Hull, and T. L. Gibson, for plaintiffs in error.
Geo. S. Ramsey, Edgar A. de Meules, Malcolm E. Rosser, and Villard Martin, for defendants in error.

Opinion:
COCHRAN, J.
This action was commenced by the defendants in error against the plaintiffs in error to recover damages sustained by the defendants in • error for the wrongful taking of personal property of the defendants in error by the plaintiffs in error. The parties will hereinafter be referred to as plaintiffs and defendants, as they appeared in the trial court.
It is first contended by the defendants that the court should have instructed a verdict for the defendants because the defendants tendered to the plaintiffs the sum of $49.50, which represented the nét earnings ' from the property which, the defendants had wrongfully taken while the property was under the control of the defendants, and that this sum had been áccepted by the plaintiffs. It is their contention that the acceptance of this sum waived the tort of 'the original taking and ratified the use of the property by the defendants. Numerous 'authorities are cited by the defendants which deal with actions of trover, but those cases have no application here, because the plaintiffs' action was one for trespass for the wrongful taking of the property and they were entitled to recover for the detriment occasioned thereby. The trespass having been committed, the acts subsequent thereto not in satisfaction or release of the right of action are not a defense. In order for the payment of this sum to constitute a defense to the action, it must have been either sufficient to pay the damages sustained or it must have been accepted by the plaintiffs by way of accord and satisfaction. It is not contended by the defendants that it was paid for either of these purposes and was therefore no defense.
Defendants' second proposition involves the correctness of certain instructions given to the jury as to the character of the original taking and the agency of John Terry. By instruction No. 4, the jury was told that the acts of the defendants in taking the machine from the place where the plaintiffs left it was unlawful and wrongful. By instruction No. 7, the jury was told that Terry had no authority to deliver the machine to defendants, and if he did so even voluntarily, the plaintiffs would not be bound thereby. By instruction No. 8, the jury was told that in determining whether defendants were liable for actual damages done to the machine while in their possession it was immaterial whether actual force was used in its taking. These instructions correctly state the law applicable to the facts shown in the record. There was no allegation or proof of agency on the part of Terry.
The defendants contend that because the plaintiffs did not deny under oath the authority of Terry to deliver the machine to ihem his authority must be taken as confessed. There is no allegation of agency in the answer of the defendants and, hence, no denial under oath was required. In order to require a denial under oath, it is not necessary that an express averment of agency be contained in the pleading, if the facts constituting the agency are set forth, but such facts must be of such a nature and character that agency follows as a conclusion of law. No averments of this character appear in the answer. Instruction No. 8 correctly stated the law under the facts as shown in the record.
It is next contended by the defendants that the trial court erred in. submitting to (he jury the question of exemplary or purii-tive damages. This court has announced the rule in the following language;
"Exemplary damages are imposed by the law on the theory of punishment to the offender, for the general benefit of society, and as a restraint to the transgressor, and are allowed only in cases where malice, fraud, oppression, or gross negligence enter into the cause of action." Rhyne v. Turley, 37 Okla. 159, 131 Pac. 695.
This court has also held that the question of exemplary damages, where properly pleaded, is a question of fact for the jury, if there is some evidence reasonably tending to support that issue, and that in such circumstances the trial court should submit the question to the jury. Williams v. Baldrey, 52 Okla. 126, 152 Pac. 814. In the instant ease, there is evidence reasonably tending to show malice and also oppression. It is impossible to say from a reading of the record in this case that there is no evidence reasonably tending to support (his position. Under such circumstances, it was not only proper for the trial court to submit that question to the jury, but it was his duty to do so.
Defendants next complain of the action of the trial court in refusing to give defendants' requested instruction No. 7. This instruction was a mere statement of an abstract proposition of law, and the legal proposition contained therein was embraced in instruction No. 5 of the instructions given by the court. This was sufficient. St. L. & S .F. R. Co. v. Clampitt, 55 Okla. 686, 154 Pac. 40; Fulsom-Morris Coal & Mining Co. v. Mitchell, 37 Okla. 575, 132 Pac. 1103; Scott v. Vulcan Iron Works Co., 31 Okla. 334, 122 Pac. 186.
Defendants next complain that the verdict of the jury was excessive and appears to have been given under the influence of prejudice and passion. The jury returned a verdict for $1,250 actual damages, and the t rial court required . a remittitur of $250. Defendants argue that the verdict for $1,250 actual damages was so excessive as- to show it to have been returned under prejudice and passion, and this vice inheres in the verdict after remittitur filed. There was sufficient testimony to authorize a verdict of $1,000 for the actual damages to the engine and thresher while under the control of the defendants. The jury evidently through an error in calculation returned a .verdict of $1,250 actual damages. Upon hearing on the motion for new trial, the court required the plaintiffs to remit the sum of $250 from the verdict for actual damages to conform to the proof, and, upon this being done, the motion for new trial was overruled and judgment entered. This cured the vice of the verdict as to actual damages. Haskell Nat. Bank v. Stewart, 76 Okla. 58, 184 Pac. 463.
The judgment of the trial court is af-Srmed.
JOHNSON, C. J., and KENNAMER, NICHOLSON, and HARRISON, JJ., concur. MASON, J., dissents.