Case Name: WARNER v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1912-05-01
Citations: 147 S.W. 265
Docket Number: 
Parties: WARNER v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 147
Pages: 265–267

Head Matter:
WARNER v. STATE.
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
May 1, 1912.)
1. Indictment and Information (§ 125 )— Duplicity.
Acts 31st Leg. c. 17, § 15 (Pen. Code 1911, art. 615), provides that all persons having licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors shall- close their places of business from 12 o’clock midnight Saturday until 5 o’clock a. m. the following Monday of each week; and any person who shall open any place of business for the purpose of traffic, or who shall sell or barter any intoxicating liquors, between the hours mentioned shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. An indictment charged that accused, a licensed retail malt liquor dealer, ; did keep open his place of business for the purpose of traffic, and did sell intoxicating liquors, between the hours of 12 o’clock midnight Saturday and 5 o’clock a. m. Monday. Code Cr. Proc. 1911, art. 464, provides that in an indictment for illegal sale of intoxicating liquors it shall be sufficient to charge that defendant sold them contrary to law, naming the person to whom sold. Held that, as the statute in this case makes at least two offenses, one the keeping open on Sunday of a place of business for the purpose of traffic, and the other the actual sale of liquors, tile indictment was sufficient; for, both offenses being misdemeanors, both might be charged in a single count — the indictment being defective only in charging a sale of intoxicating liquor.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Indictment and Information, Cent. Dig. §§ 334-400; Dec. Dig. § 125. ]
2. Indictment and Information (§§ 125, 132 ) — Duplicity—Election.
An indictment may charge several misdemeanors under one statute in one count; and the state cannot be required to elect upon •which charge it will proceed.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Indictment and Information, Cent. Dig. §§ 334-400, 425-453; Dec. Dig. §§ 125, 132. ]
3. Criminal Law (§ 1144 ) — Appeal—Presumptions.
Where there are several counts in an indictment, some good and others bad, and there has been no election or dismissal as to the bad counts, a general verdict will be presumed to have been based on the good'counts.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2736-2764, 2766-2771, 2774-2781, 2901, 3016, 3037; Dec. Dig. § 1144. ]
4. Criminal Law (§ 1144 ) — Appeal—Statement of Facts — Presumption.
In a prosecution for misdemeanors, where the indictment contained invalid counts, it will be presumed, in the absence of a statement of facts, that the evidence was ample to support the charge on the good count, and that the conviction was based thereon.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2736-2764, 2766-2771, 2774r-2781, 2901, 3016-3037; Dec. Dig. § 1144. ]
Appeal from Galveston County Court, at Law; S. T. Fontaine, Judge.
James Warner was convicted of violating the Sunday law, and appeals.
Affirmed-
T. C. Turnley and O. S. Xork, both of Galveston, for appellant. C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key No. Series & Rep’r Indexes

Opinion:
PRENDERGAST, J.
The grand jury of Galveston county, on July 6, 1911, indicted the appéllant for violating one of the Sunday laws. The charging part of the indictment is as follows: "That James Warner, late of the county aforesaid, on or about the 2d day of the month of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eleven, in the said county of Galveston and the state of Texas, with force and arms, was then and there a retail malt liquor dealer having a license therefor, and was then and there engaged in the sale of intoxicating liquors, to be drunk on the premises in a locality of this state, other than where local option is in force, to wit, beer, an intoxicating liquor, and he, the said James Warner did then and there open and keep open his place of business for the purpose of traffic, and did then and there sell intoxicating liquor, to wit, beer, between the hours of 12 o'clock midnight Saturday, July 1, 19li, and 5 o'clock a. m. the following Monday, July 3, 1911."
The article of the Penal Code under which this prosecution was had is 615, enacted by the act of 1909, p. 304. The article is: "Every person or firm having a license, who may be engaged in or who may hereafter engage in the sale of intoxicating liquors to be drunk on the premises (in any locality of this state, other than where local option is in force), shall close and keep closed their houses and places of business and transact no business therein or therefrom from and after twelve o'clock midnight Saturday until five o'clock a. m. of the following Monday of each week; and any such person or firm, or his or their agent or employs, who shall open or keep open, or permit to be opened or kept open, any such house or place of business for the purpose of traffic, or who shall sell or barter any intoxicating liquor of any kind, or who shall transact or permit to be transacted therein or therefrom any such business, between the hours aforesaid, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction,' shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment."
There is no statement of facts in this case. Neither is there a bill of exceptions. The only question necessary to be passed on is appellant's motion to quash the indictment, which was overruled by the court below.
The grounds of the motion to quash are: (1) Because the indictment does not state that any sales were made. (2) It does not state the name or names of the party or parties to whom liquor or beer was sold, nor that the names of such parties were unknown to the grand jurors. (3) It does not state at what time sales of liquor or beer were made. (4) It states no offense against the laws of Texas. (5) It does not state specifically and clearly that appellant was a retail liquor dealer, nor that he was a retail malt dealer, but only states, in an uncertain, indefinite, and ambiguous way, that he was a retail malt liquor dealer. (6) It does not state that appellant conducted said business as a person or firm permitted by law to sell liquors or beer.
It will be noted that the statute, above quoted, makes at least two separate and distinct offenses. One is to open or keep open on Sunday, between the hours of 12 o'clock midnight Saturday and 5 o'clock a. m. Monday, a place • of business for the purpose of traffic. The other is, any one who shall sell or barter any intoxicating liquor of any kind between ' said hours. Each sale within said hours is a separate offense.
Our 'statute (C. C. P. art. 464) expressly requires: "In an indictment for selling intoxicating liquors in violation of any law of this state, it shall be'sufficient to charge that the defendant sold intoxicating liquors contrary to law, nammg the person to whom sold, without• stating the quantity sold; and, under such indictment, any act of selling in violation of the law may be proved." As we understand this statute, so far as a violation of the law in making a sale is concerned, it is essential to name in the • indictment the person to whom the sale is made, but that proof of1 sales to other persons may be made for the purpose of showing the sale to the person named. In any event, that the indictment 'itself must charge the name of the person to whom the sale is made. This has been the uniform holding of this court. Dixon v. State, 21 Tex. App. 517, 1 S. W. 448; Moseley v. State, 18 Tex. App. 311, and the other cases therein,cited. It is unnecessary ' to cite other cases.
An indictment or information for selling or keeping open for traffic on Sunday, under the statute under which this prosecution is had, may charge both modes of violation and in the same count; and, the offenses, being misdemeanors, the state cannot be required to elect upon which count it will proceed. Brown v. State, 38 Tex. Cr. R. 597, 44 S. W. 176; Hall v. State, 41 Tex. Cr. R. 423, 55 S. W. 173; Herod v. State, 41 Tex. Cr. R. 597, 56 S. W. 59. So that the indictment in this case is 'only fatally defective in charging a sale, and is perfectly good on the other count of opening or keeping open for traffic.
It is the well-settled law of the state, even in felony cases, but especially in misdemeanors, that when there are several counts in an indictment, some good and others bad, or only two, one good, and the other bad, and there has been no election or dismissal as to the bad counts, and the verdict is a general one, it will be applied 'to the counts which are good, or to the good count; and the presumption on appeal is that the conviction was upon the good count. King v. State, 10 Tex. 281; Henderson v. State, 2 Tex. App. 88; Boren v. State, 23 Tex. App. 28, 4 S. W. 463; English v. State, 29 Tex. App. 174, 15 S. W. 649; Southern v. State, 34 Tex. Cr. R. 144, 29 S. W. 780, 53 Am. St. Rep. 702; Pitner v. State, 37 Tex. Cr. R. 268, 39 S. W. 662; Isaacs v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 505, 38 S. W. 40; Fry v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 582, 37 S. W. 741, 38 S. W. 168; Shuman v. State, 34 Tex. Cr. R. 69, 29 S. W. 160.
There being no statement of facts in this case, we must necessarily presume that the evidence was ample to support the charge on the good count, and that the jury and court below applied the yerdict to that count.
The judgment will be affirmed.