Case Name: Manhattan Fire Insurance Company of the City of New York and Otto Kelsey, as Receiver of Manhattan Fire Insurance Company, Appellants, v. Joseph Fox and Others, Respondents
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1902-07
Citations: 74 A.D. 271
Docket Number: 
Parties: Manhattan Fire Insurance Company of the City of New York and Otto Kelsey, as Receiver of Manhattan Fire Insurance Company, Appellants, v. Joseph Fox and Others, Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 74
Pages: 271–277

Head Matter:
Manhattan Fire Insurance Company of the City of New York and Otto Kelsey, as Receiver of Manhattan Fire Insurance Company, Appellants, v. Joseph Fox and Others, Respondents.
Beorganization of a mutual fire insurance company into a joint stock insurance company — right of the latter, out of the assets of the former, to pay receipts bearing ten per cent interest issued by it—in whom the right of action, if any existed therefor, was.
A mutual fire insurance company, which had obtained a cash working capital by issuing receipts bearing ten per cent interest, being desirous of becoming a joint stock fire insurance company under the provisions of section 135 of the Insurance Law (Laws of 1893, chap. 690, as amd. by Laws of 1896, chap. 850), the directors thereof borrowed a sum sufficient to redeem such portion of the receipts as was offered for redemption, and gave as collateral security for the loan certain securities owned by the mutual company.
Thereafter the holders of the receipts thus redeemed subscribed to the stock of the joint stock company, paying to such company for their stock the amount received by them in the redemption of the receipts.
At the time the mutual company passed out of existence and the joint stock company was incorporated, both of such corporations were solvent, and, so far as appeared, there were no outstanding obligations of the mutual company.
Held,, that the redemption of the receipts was not an illegal diversion of the funds of the mutual company, but the payment by the company of its obligations, and that such payment was a valid and proper appropriation of its property;
That if any right of action arose out of the transaction it did not vest in the stock company or its receiver, but in the mutual company for the benefit of ' its policyholders or the members of that company.
Appeal by the plaintiffs, Manhattan Fire Insurance Company of the City of New York and another, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 12th day of March, 1902, upon the dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court after a trial at the New York Trial Term.
George Edwin Joseph, for the appellants.
Otto Horwitz, for the respondents.

Opinion:
Ingraham, J.:
There is no dispute »as to the facts in this case, the substantial facts being admitted by the pleadings. , On the 15th day of February, 1869, there was incorporated under the laws of this State a mutual fire insurance company called the " Insurers' Own Fire Insurance Company ; " the charter of this corporation was by an act of the Legislature passed on the 13th day of April, 1870, amended, and the name thereof changed to the " Mutual Fire Insurance Company." Section 1 of that act (Laws of 1870, chap. 196) provides that " the said company is authorized to receive from any number of persons subscriptions payable in cash and give therefor receipts bearing interest, which receipts shall severally set forth that they are given for money received in advance for premiums of insurance and that the amounts of the same and every part thereof are liable for the expenses and losses of the said company,, and the said receipts shall be received by said company only in payment for premiums of insurance or on account- thereof.". It appeared that in the years 1881 and 1882 the sum of $200,000 in cash was paid to the corporation which issued to the persons paying the same receipts as provided for by this act. These receipts bore interest at the rate of six per cent per annum and the holders were entitled to participate in the profits of the company at the rate of four per cent per annum, and the company agreed to accept the receipts at par when presented in payment for premiums of insurance, or on account thereof. For these receipts there were subsequently substituted new receipts which provided that the company had received the amount of money subscribed as " cash in advance for premiums of insurance, which amount and every part thereof is liable for the expenses and losses of this company, and until the redemption of this receipt shall bear interest at the rate of ten per centum per annum, payable semi-annually on January 1 and July 1 of each year." The company was obligated to accept the receipt at par when presented in payment for premiums of insurance, or on account thereof, and they could not be called in for redemption by the company in any way whatever, except with the consent of the holder. This company continued to do business as such Mutual Fire Insurance Company until the year 1897. In January of that year the defendants, with others, were duly elected directors of the company for the year 1897. On or about August 30, 1897, proceedings were taken by the corporation to change the corporation into a joint stock fire insurance company under section 125 of the Insurance Law (Laws of 1892, chap. 690, as amended by chap. 850, Laws of 1896). On the 5th day of November, 1897, the said corporation duly filed its amended charter under said law and thereby became and was a joint stock fire insurance company under the name of the' " Manhattan Fire Insurance Company of the City of New York." Section 125 of the Insurance Law provides that " any domestic mutual fire insurance corporations having surplus assets aside from premium and capital stock notes sufficient to rein-sure all its outstanding risks may, with the consent of two-thirds of the members present at any regular annual meeting, or at any special meeting duly called for the purpose, or with the consent in writing of two-thirds of the members of such corporation, unless otherwise provided in its charter, become a joint-stock corporation, by conforming its charter to and otherwise proceeding in accordance, with this chapter. And thereupon said corporation shall come under the provisions of this chapter in the same manner as if it had been incorporated thereunder."
It is not disputed but that the provisions of this section were complied with, and the Mutual Fire Insurance Company, upon its charter being approved, thereby became a joint stock corporation. This Mutual Fire Insurance Company was then solvent, having surplus assets, aside from premium and capital stock notes, sufficient to reinsure all its. outstanding risks. There had been issued receipts in the form before mentioned amounting to more than $211,000, for which the company had received cash, and which the corporation Was bound to receive in payment of premiums and was bound to pay interest thereon at the rate of ten percentum per annum, and which could not be called in for redemption by the' company except with the consent of the holders of the receipts. Upon the change of this company from a mutual company to a joint stock company, the condition upon which the contribution had been made to the mutual company, which was represented by these receipts, became inapplicable to the new company. In place of the capital that was represented by this subscription, for which these receipts had been given, the new company was to issue its capital stock to the amount of $250,000, which was to be subscribed for and paid in in cash, and these outstanding receipts then represented obligations of the mutual company, the company holding securities which represented that amount, but upon these certificates the company was bound to pay ten per cent interest to the holders of the receipts. The holders of $211,006.30 of these outstanding receipts consented to the redemption thereof at par and accrued interest, and the directors of the mutual company passed a resolution directing the officers of the company to redeem these receipts at par and accrued interest to October 20, 1897, and for that purpose the president was authorized and directed to borrow the sum of $200,000, and to give as collateral for such loan certain securities, the property of the company specified in the resolution, and this arrangement was carried out. The board of directors borrowed the sum of $200,000, redeemed the receipts and paid out therefor the sum of $217,248.63. The persons owning these receipts and receiving this money from the company thereupon subscribed to the capital stock of the company and thus became stockholders in the joint stock company, repaying to such company the amount received by them in the redemption of the receipts, the substantial effect of this transaction being that the holders of these obligations of the old mutual company surrendered the receipts and received in lieu thereof stock of the new joint stock company, so that on November 5, 1897, the joint stock company became a duly incorporated company, and all of the assets and business of the mutual company were transferred to, or merged in, the new corporation, Which continued the business, so far as appears, discharging all obligations of the mutual company. It is not alleged that there are any outstanding obligations of the mutual company in existence, or that the mutual company, when it passed out of existence and became merged in the joint stock company, and the joint stock company after it was incorporated was not entirely solvent, or that the policyholders or'members of the mutual company made any objection to this transaction or suffered any loss thereby. The new joint stock company continued to do business until the 8th of June, 1901, when it was dissolved and a receiver appointed to wind up its affairs. It also appeared that at a meeting of the board of directors of the new stock company on the 22d day of December, 1898, a resolution was adopted reciting that these receipts were wrongfully redeemed, and that the funds of the. company were thereby wrongfully diverted and misappropriated to the amount of $211,006.30, and it was resolved that the board of directors repudiate and declare null and void the action so taken by the then board of directors of the-Mutual Fire Insurance Company; and the officers and counsel of the company were authorized to institute proceedings against such of the directors as in their opinion should be made responsible for such diversion and misappropriation of the funds of the company, and it was in pursuance of this resolution that this action was brought.
It is difficult to see upon what principle the joint stock corporation thus organized could object to this transaction. Assuming that the policyholders of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company could have thus objected, there is no evidence that they have ever taken such a step, or that there are any policyholders in existence whose claims have not been fully met and discharged. Those who had contributed to the capital of the mutual company had consented to receive back from the company the money that'they had contributed.' There is no express provision in the statute authorizing the change of a mutual company to a joint stock company, as to what disposition should be made of the assets of the mutual company, or what right should inure to the holders of the certificates or receipts for the money that had been paid into the mutual company, and which had constituted the capital upon which it did business. Upon the merger of the mutual company into the stock company, its assets would undoubtedly vest in the stock company which would then be liable to fulfill all the engagements of the mutual company, including the liability to the holder of the receipts. There is, however, no provision which prevented the mutual company or the stock company succeeding to its property and obligations, from terminating the liability to pay interest on these receipts at the rate of ten percentuin per annum by redeeming the receipts out of the property of the mutual company, thus repaying to those who had contributed to form the capital of the mutual company the money that they had-contributed for that purpose, when the object for- which the contribution had been, made had terminated by the practical dissolution-of the mutual company. So long as the mutual company .continued, the fund represented by these receipts constituted its capital. When it ceased to do business those contributing the capital 'were entitled to have it repaid.
The provision of 'section 129 of the Insurance Law, which seems to be relied upon by the plaintiff, has no - application to a change from a mutual company to a joint stock company. That section provides for the consolidation of two fire insurance companies and applies to such a consolidation only. Upon the conceded facts, therefore, we think it clear that this transaction was not an illegal diversion of the funds of the mutual company, but a payment by 'the company of its obligations, which, in view of its merger into the new stock corporation then formed, was a valid and proper appropriation of the property of the company. It is also clear that this act of the directors of the mutual company would not justify a recovery in this action by the stock company, or its receiver. The action is one against the directors of the mutual company for an illegal diversion of the funds of the corporation. This money that was paid in the redemption of these certificates of the mutual company never became the property of the stock corporation. Before this stock corporation was formed the mutual company had appropriated a certain proportion of its assets to the redemption of its obligation represented by these receipts, and whatever right of action that existed, was vested in the mutual company for the benefit of its policyholders, or the members of that company. This is not an action for a conversion of the property of either corporation, as at times seems to be assumed by counsel for the appellant, but the action is for damages against the directors of this corporation. The directors paid obligations of the mutual company with assets of the mutual company, in a manner in which the plaintiff claims such obligations were not payable, and the action could only be. maintained as an action for damages caused to the corporation by an illegal or improper diversion of its property, and to recover in such an action it would seem to follow that the plaintiff must prove damage. There is no evidence to show that this company would now be in a better position if these outstanding receipts had not been redeemed. The company was compelled to pay ten per cent interest upon the amount that they represented, and there is nothing to justify any claim that this plaintiff sustained any damage in consequence of the redemption. There is nothing in the law or the charter of the mutual company that prevented that company from redeeming these receipts when that company ceased to do business, providing that such payment did not impair the rights of the creditors of the mutual company, and when it relinquished the business as a mutual company and became a joint stock company, with a full paid up capital of $250,000 and satisfied all of its policyholders and other creditors, there was no one who could complain of this act of the directors.
It follows that the court correctly dismissed the complaint, and that the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, Hatch and Laughlin, JJ., concurred.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.