Case Name: Black Hawk State Bank, Appellant, vs. M. Accola, imp., Respondent: J. Accola, Garnishee, Respondent
Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Wisconsin
Decision Date: 1927-10-11
Citations: 194 Wis. 29
Docket Number: 
Parties: Black Hawk State Bank, Appellant, vs. M. Accola, imp., Respondent: J. Accola, Garnishee, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Wisconsin Reports
Volume: 194
Pages: 29–34

Head Matter:
Black Hawk State Bank, Appellant, vs. M. Accola, imp., Respondent: J. Accola, Garnishee, Respondent.
September 15
October 11, 1927.
Thomas W. King of Spring Green, for the appellant.
Frank B. Moss and V. H. Cady, both of Baraboo, for the respondents.

Opinion:
Owen, J.
On' July 16, 1923, John Kinzler and wife executed and delivered to the defendant Martin M. Accola a chattel mortgage on property therein described to secure their promissory note of $695. At the time of the execution of the chattel mortgage the mortgagors resided in the town of Franklin, in Sauk county. The mortgagee filed said chattel mortgage with the town clerk of said town. Thereafter the mortgagors removed to the town of Honey Creek, in Sauk county. The mortgagee, Martin M. Accola, then withdrew said chattel mortgage from the office of the town clerk of the town of Franklin and filed it in the office of the town clerk of the town of Honey Creek.
The mortgagors were unable to pay the indebtedness when it became due. It was apparent that; the mortgagee would have to realize the amount of his claim out of the mortgaged property. It was believed that the property would sell to better advantage at an ordinary farm auction sale than at a sale upon foreclosure, consequently it was agreed between the Kinzlers and Martin M. Accola to hold a farm auction sale of the property; that one John Accola would act as clerk of the auction, and that the Kinzlers would give Martin M. Accola an order on John Accola, the clerk of the auction, to pay to Martin M. Accola the amount due him on his note secured by the chattel mortgage.' The auction was duly advertised and held on November 21, 1924. On said date, prior to the holding of the auction; the following order was duly executed by the Kinzlers and delivered to Martin M. Accola, the mortgagee :
"Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, November 21, 1924.
L. P. Accola, clerk, please pay to Martin M. Accola or bearer seven hundred sixty 14/100 dollars, being the amount due him on a first chattel mortgage and note dated July-19-23, and charge the same to my auction account.
"John Kinzler.
"Mabel Kinzler."
Later in the afternoon of that day, when the auction sale was nearly but not quite completed, the plaintiff, to whom the Kinzlers were indebted, caused a garnishee summons to be served upon John Accola, the clerk of the auction, claiming that said John Accola, as clerk of said auction, had in his possession property and money belonging to the Kinzlers. The question presented by the issues is whether the plaintiff is entitled to the funds in the hands pf the garnishee defendant by virtue of its garnishee process, or whether the defendant Martin M. Accola is entitled thereto under and by virtue of his chattel mortgage or the order delivered to him on the morning of the auction sale.
It appears to be settled that the withdrawal of the chattel mortgage from the office of the town clerk by the mortgagee, Martin M. Accola, destroyed its validity against the creditors of the Kinzlers. Gruner v. Star P. Co. 40 Wis. 523. The chattel mortgage having been filed in the first instance in the proper office, it was not necessary for its continued validity that it be filed in the town to which the Kinzlers had removed in order to protect the mortgagee's rights against subsequent purchasers. Bailey v. Costello, 94 Wis. 87, 68 N. W. 663. At any time, therefore, after the withdrawal of the mortgage from the office of the town clerk, the property mortgaged was subject to levy or attachment by Kinzlers' creditors. The plaintiff, however,- made no attempt to attach the property covered by the mortgage. It sought to reach the proceeds arising from the sale of the property at the auction. The Kinzlers attempted to vest Martin M. Accola with the title to such proceeds by executing the order already set forth, and we are to inquire whether this was effectively accomplished.
Whether or not the circumstance has a controlling. in fluence • upon our ultimate conclusion, it seems proper to observe that had the Kinzlers, in good faith, executed a bill of sale of the physical property covered by the • mortgage, at the time the order was executed and delivered, in payment of the debt, the transaction would have been valid and would have vested Martin M. Accola with good title to the mortgaged property, even though possession of the property had not been delivered nor the bill of sale filed. Sec. 241.05, Stats., makes such transactions presumptively fraudulent as against creditors, but provides in effect that such presumption may be rebutted by proof that such sale was in good faith and without any intent to defraud other creditors. There is no contention here that there was any bad faith on the part of either the Kinzlers or Accola. The Kinzlers owed Accola: the amount indicated by the order. As between the Kinzlers and Accola, Accola had a valid chattel mortgage upon their property. It was the desire of both parties to have that property applied to the discharge of the debt. Under such circumstances there is no room for a charge of bad faith on the part of either the Kinzlers or Accola. So we conclude that a bill of sale of the property covered by the chattel mortgage executed for the purpose of discharging the indebtedness would have been valid. As a matter of policy and convenience, the same purpose was sought to be accomplished by a different method. It was proposed to convert the property into cash and to give Accola title to the cash. That the order operated as an assignment of the fund which should come into the hands of the clerk of the auction cannot be questioned. It was contemplated that the fund should be created out of the property then owned by the Kinzlers. The fund had a potential existence and the Kinzlers had a present interest in it. The fund, therefore, was subject to assignment, and the order .constituted an equitable assignment thereof. Dirimple v. State Bank, 91 Wis. 601, 65 N. W. 501; Skobis v. Ferge, 102 Wis. 122, 78 N. W. 426; Cook v. Menasha, 103 Wis. 6, 79 N. W. 26; O'Niel v. Wm. B. H. Kerr Co. 124 Wis. 234, 102 N. W. 573; Porte v. C. & N. W. R. Co. 162 Wis. 446, 156 N. W. 469. The' foregoing authorities but give expression to a rule of universal recognition that an order such as the one here under consideration given for the whole of a fund operates as an equitable assignment of that fund. Where the order is for a part of a specified fund, then it does not so operate unless the person upon whom the order is given consents to the separation of the fund. In this case the garnishee defendant gave such consent, impliedly if not expressly, so that the order constituted a valid equitable assignment of that portion of the fund designated in the order. We see no escape from the conclusion that the order vested the defendant Martin M. Accola with complete title to the amount of the fund designated in the order, which, it may be stated, was more than the amount realized on the auction sale. It follows that the garnishee defendant, John Accola, had nothing in his hands belonging to the Kinzlers which could be reached by the garnishee process, and the garnishee proceedings were properly dismissed..
There remains another question to be noticed. The garnishee defendant made no answer nor disclosure in response to the garnishee summons, and judgment was rendered against him in favor of the plaintiff. Upon his application, the court, by an order dated November 17, 1925, vacated the judgment and permitted, the garnishee, John Accola, to answer. The appeal in this case is from the judgment dismissing the garnishee proceedings and from the order just mentioned. It is insisted that this order was improper. The matter of opening up a judgment to permit a party to defend is largely in the discretion of the trial court. We have examined the record and we find no abuse of discretion. The statute requires the appeal from an order such as this to be taken within thirty days after the date of the service by either party upon the other of a copy of such order with a written notice of the entry of the same. We have examined the record and find that no notice of the entry of this order was served upon the plaintiff, and we have treated the appeal as though it were taken in time.-
By the Court. — Judgment and order appealed from affirmed.