Case Name: P. C. & ST. L. Ry. Co. v. AUGUST N. HART
Court: Ohio Circuit Court
Jurisdiction: Ohio
Decision Date: 1894-01
Citations: 10 Ohio C.C. 411
Docket Number: 
Parties: P. C. & ST. L. Ry. Co. v. AUGUST N. HART.
Judges: Before Swing, Cox and Smith, JJ.
Reporter: Reports of cases argued and determined in the circuit courts of Ohio
Volume: 10
Pages: 411–414

Head Matter:
(First Circuit—Hamilton Co., O., Circuit Court
Jan. Term, 1894.)
Before Swing, Cox and Smith, JJ.
P. C. & ST. L. Ry. Co. v. AUGUST N. HART.
Bill of exceptions — Journal entry after term amending bill. — -To make a paper a part of a bill of exceptions, it must be incorporated in it, or attached to it, or filed with it, and so described as to leave no doubt as to its identity. When not so made a part of the bill, the defect can not be cured by obtaining an entry in the trial court at a subsequent term, directing it to be taken as a part of the bill.
Contributory negligence — Proof.—It is error for the court to charge the jury that plaintiff not only must prove defendant’s negligence, but also prove affirmatively that he did not contribute to his injury. The burden of showing contributory negligence is on the defendant.
Erroneous charge to jury — Error presumed. — Parties are entitled to a correct statement of the law by the court in its charge' and error will be presumed when the law is not correctly stated, but the error must appear to be prejudicial to plaintiff in error.

Opinion:
Swing, J.
This case was heard some time ago, and should have been decided sooner, and it would have been, had it not been for the fact that the court was divided as to one important question in the case.
There are several grounds of error assigned, but we will confine our remarks to the two grounds which seem to be-the ones principally relied on by plaintiff in error.
The defendant in error. Hart, recovered a judgment against the plaintiff in error, in the Hamilton County Common Pleas, for injuries received on defendant company's, road in the state of Pennsylvania, 'while employed by the Adams Express Co,, running on said road from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh. .
It was claimed in the court of common pleas, by the plaintiff in error,'that defendant in error's right to recover must be governed by the law of Pennsylvania. And the law of Pennslyvania, as stated in 96 Penn. St., was offered in evidence; but within the time allowed for signing the bill of exceptions it was not made a part of the bill of exceptions. -Upon the trial of the case in this court, this omission was-pointed out, whereupon counsel went to the court of common pleas, and upon motion at a subsequent term, the correction-was made, and the bill of exceptions amended. Could this be done? We think not. We are not aware that the rule-laid down in Busby v. Finn, 1 Ohio St. 409, has ever been changed by our Supreme Court. It seems to us that the-second proposition of the syllabus in that case is directly in point as well as the language of Judge Thurman in his opinion on page 414. If we are correct as to this matter, we can not consider the question attempted to be raised. Neithei" can we consider the question of error, that the verdict is against the evidence, as all of the evidence is not before us.. On this point there is no decision, of the court.
The next question of error arises on the charge of the court..
That portion of the charge about which the court is divided, and as to the correctness of which there is great doubt, commences on page 112 of the bill of exceptions at the words, "right here,and ends on page 118 with the words ' ' upon himself.
Unquestionably the court did not state the law' correctly in that portion of the charge, when it says: "Then it is incumbent, and the burden of proof is cast upon the defendant to show that the negligence of the railroad company did not produce the injury complained of, and that the plaintiff contributed to his own injury in this case." If this charge was alone, and slated as an independent proposition of law, it being erroneous, the judgment would have to be reversed; but it is not stated as an independent proposition, but is given in connection with what precedes it, and as a part of it. In that portion of the charge which precedes it, is stated very strongly against the plaintiff, and in this there'is undoubtedly error, prejudicial to plaintiff. The court says that before they can give judgment for the plaintiff, the jury must find, not only that the defendant was guilty of negligence, but ¿liso that he did not contribute to his own injury. This point is repeated and emphasized, and under this charge the jury were not authorized to find for plaintiff, unless they found these two facts, viz: that the defendant was guilty of negligence, and that the plaintiff did not contribute to his own injury, and they must find this under the instruction that the plaintiff must show this, and this was more than the law required of him, for the burden of showing contributory negligence was on the defendant. Being first required to find this, it seems to us that the use of the word "and' ' instead of "or" in the sentence that followed,was not "calculated" to mislead the jury.
The charge must be construed as a whole, and as a whole it certainly is against the plaintiff.
As against this view, we are confronted with the decisions of our court to the effect that the parties are entitled to a correct statement of the law, and that error is presumed when it is not correctly stated. And in attempting to har .monize those rules, we are in doubt as to the correctness of our decision; but it is incumbent on plaintiff in error to show error to his prejudice — and this a majority of the court think has not been done.
As to the other errors assigned we think they are not well taken; they arose on questions which were within the discretion of the court.
The judgment will therefore be affirmed, with costs, without penalty.