Case Name: Martin J. Doyle, Appellant, v. The City of Troy, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1910-05-04
Citations: 138 A.D. 650
Docket Number: 
Parties: Martin J. Doyle, Appellant, v. The City of Troy, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 138
Pages: 650–654

Head Matter:
Martin J. Doyle, Appellant, v. The City of Troy, Respondent.
Third Department,
May 4, 1910.
Municipal corporation — statutory construction — action for personal injuries—notice — intention to sue — evidence — Consolidated Laws.
In construing a statute, words and sentences should be given' their natural and ordinary meaning and not one which is forced, strained or subtle, unless the object sought to be obtained or the manifest purpose of the statute so requires. ■ ,
Under section 224 of the Uniform Charter of Cities of the Second Class, providing that the city shall not be liable in a civil action for damages or injuries to person or property unless a claim therefor in writing shall within three months after the happening of the injury-be presented to the common council and served oh the mayor and notice of an intention to commence an. action thereon be served on the corporation counsel, it is not necessary to serve the notice of intention to sue within three months of the injury. . . .
The provision requiring the service within three months applies. only to the claim to be presented to' the common council and served on the mayor or ■ city clerk.
Since the purpose of the Consolidated Laws was not to create new legislation' but only to systematize the old, the fact that a law is included in the schedule of repealed laws therein is indicative of the legislative understanding that said law had been previously repealed. .
Appeal by the plaintiff, Martin J. Doyle, from a judgment of the County Court of Rensselaer county in favor of the defendant, entered.in the . office of the clerk of said county on the 28th day of April,, 1909, upon the dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court at the opening of the trial. - . '
Cornelius Hanncm, for the appellant.
Q. B. Wellington, Corporation Counsel, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Cocheante, J.:
This is an action to recover damages because of the alleged negligence on the part of the defendant in permitting one of its public streets to remain in an unsafe condition for public travel whereby the plaintiff was injured. The accident occurred on the 31st day of March, 1908. On the 8th day of April, 1908, a claim -for damages as required by section 224 of chapter 473 of the Laws of 1906, known as the " Uniform Charter of Cities of the Second Class," which went into effect January 1, 1908, and which is applicable to the city of Troy, was served on the city clerk of the city and on the sixteenth day of April was duly presented to the common council. Uotic'e of intention to commence this action was served upon the corporation counsel July 9, 1908, more than three months after the happening of the accident. The coilnty'jndge dismissed the complaint because such notice was not served upon the corporation counsel within three months.
Said section 224 of the Uniform Charter of Cities of the .Second. Class so far as applicable to the question now under consideration reads as follows : " The city shall not be liable in a civil action for damages or injuries to /person or property unless a claim therefor in writing shall within three months after the'happening of the accident or injury, be presented to the common council and served upon the mayor or city clerk, and notice of intention to commence an action thereon be. served upon the corporation counsel, nor unless an action shall be commenced thereon within one year after the happening of such accident or injury or the occurrence of such act, omission, fault or neglect; but no action shall be commenced to recover upon or enforce any such claim against the city until the expiration of three months after the service of said notice upon the corporation counsel."
In behalf of the plaintiff it is contended that chapter 572 of the Laws of 1886, providing that notice of an intention to commence the action be given to the corporation counsel within six months after the cansé of action shall have accrued, was not repealed either expressly or by implication by said uniform charter, and that such, notice in the present case having been given to the corporation counsel within six.months' as provided by the act of. 1886 was sufficient. ' The act of 1886, except so far as it applied to the city of New York, is included in the schedule of laws repealed in the General Municipal Law, being chapter 24 of the Consolidated Laws (Lawsof 1909, chap. 29), Viewed merely as a repealing act such repeal could not of course affect this action previously commenced, but as the purpose of the Consolidated Laws was not to create new legislation, but to systematize and codify existing legislation, such repeao.f the act of 1886 would seem to be indicative of the legislative understanding that said act had been previously repealed except so far as it applied to the city of New York. In the consolidators' notes to said schedule of repeals as contained in Birdseye's, Gumming & Gilbert's Consolidated Laws (Vol. 2, p. 2160), it is said of the said act of 1886 : " So far as this statute applies to cities of the second class it is superseded by; L. 1906, ch, 473, § 224 [Unil form. Charter Cities of the Second Class), and so far as it.applies to the-city of Buffalo by L. 1901, ch-. 105,.§§ 15,16 [Devised Charter). This leaves the statute applicable only to the city of New York, and special in its effect."
Assuming that the act of 1886 was superseded by said section 224 of the uniform charter, I think, nevertheless, that the notice; to the corporation- counsel was served in due time. I cannot agree with the learned county judge in his interpretation of said section 224 above quoted. . The claim presented to the common council and served upon the mayor or city clerk is required to be prepared with much detail, and must of course be presented and served within •three months. The words,, " shall within three months after the happening of the accident or injury," in my opinion, apply only to the claim which is to be presented to the common council and served upon the mayor or city clerk, and do not qualify or apply to the notice of intention to commence an action which is to be served on the corporation counsel; Siich is the natural import and meaning of the phraseology employed. Such clause, " shall within three- months after the happening of the accideUt-or injury," is found in the midst of the provisions concerning the claim to be presented to the com mon council and served upon the mayor or city-clerk and must be taken from the context where found and transposed to another part of the section in order to make it qualify and apply to the notice of intention to commence an action which is to be served upon the corporation counsel. If it had been intended that the three months' limitation should apply to this latter notice the words " within three months after the happening of the accident or injury " would naturally and rhetorically be placed elsewhere in the section so as to make such meaning clear or other apt language would be used to convey that idea. Statutes of course do not always convey their meaning by the use of most artistic language or approved rhetorical or grammatical methods, but unless tlie object sought to he attained or the manifest purpose of the statute otherwise requires words and sentences should receive their natural and ordinary signification and not one .which is forced, strained or subtle. (McCluskey v. Cromwell, 11 N. Y. 593, 601; People ex rel. Kemp v. D'Oench, 111 id. 359; City of New York v. Wineburgh Advertising Company, 122 App. Div. 748, 753.) No genuine advantage accrues to the city and no useful purpose is subserved by giving to this statute a forced or strained construction or by extracting therefrom any meaning other than such as the plain phraseology of the statute itself suggests. The rights of the city are fully protected. The claim with minute particulars and duly verified must within three months be brought to the knowledge of the legislative body and the chief executive officer of the city. The city thereby acquires full knowledge of the details of the claim. The claimant must bring his action within one year after the accident and must at least three months before doing so give to the corporation counsel notice of his intention so to do. The rights of the city are thus carefully guarded and it acquires ho additional advantage either in time or in any other respect by limiting to three months after the accident the time within which the claimant must give to the corporation counsel notice' of his intention to commence an action. If he does so within three months he nevertheless has until the expiration óf a year to commence the action. Confessedly before the uniform charter of 1906 the claimant had under the act of 1886 six months within which to give the corporation counsel notice of his intention to commence the action. If it had been the pur posé of the' Legislature to reduce this time limitation from six months to three-months I think such intent would have been clearly manifested. As stated no substantial advantage is derived by the city in shortening the time in view of the other limitations that the action must' be commenced within one year and not until three months after- notice to the corporation counsel, and I think it was the purpose of the Legislature to- enlarge. rather than to .restrict, the time within which the notice of an intention to commence the action might be given, to the corporation counsel. . The construction which I have thus placed upon this statute seems to me to comport more nearly with the'natural and ordinary.meaning thereof and to. be.more consonant-with the legislative purpose* It deprives the city of- no benefit and places it at no disadvantage in-respect to the claimant except to deprive it of the nnmeritofious advantage of defeating his claim on .the technical ground that -he' has not earlier threatened the city with litigation notwithstanding that lie has speedily apprised the city of the full particulars of his alleged injury. ' - - .
The judgment should be-reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to the appellant to: abide the event.
All concurred.
Judgment reversed and new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide eve.nt.
Sic. Probably intended for 1891.— [Rep.