Case Name: F. HOKE v. W. H. PERDUE et al.
Court: Supreme Court of California
Jurisdiction: California
Decision Date: 1881-06-15
Citations: 62 Cal. 545
Docket Number: No. 4,707
Parties: F. HOKE v. W. H. PERDUE et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: California Reports
Volume: 62
Pages: 545–548

Head Matter:
[No. 4,707.
In Bank.]
June 15, 1881.
F. HOKE v. W. H. PERDUE et al.
Swamp Land District—Public Corporation—Injunction.—A swamp land district, organized by the Board of Supervisors under the Act of March 25, 1868 (Stats. 1867-8, p. 316), is a public corporation, and the validity of its corporate existence can not be collaterally attacked or questioned.
[d.—Assessment.—The fact that a large quantity of the land lying within the district and subject to taxation or assessment has been voluntarily omitted from the assessment-list by the commissioners—though perhaps a good ground for enjoining the collection of the assessment—is not sufficient to enjoin the reconstruction or repair of the levee; non constat but there is a sufficient fund already collected to defray the expenses of such reconstruction and repair.
Id.—The fact that the levee was originally constructed without the previous adoption of a plan for the protection of the district, as provided for in Section 10 of the Act, constitutes no good reason why the levee, after having been constructed, should not be repaired in places where broken or washed away.
Id.—An allegation in the complaint, that the effect of repairing the levee “will be to dam up the waters and increase the same in volume, until said levee will break and permit said waters to flow down to and upon plaintiff’s land and destroy the fences and trees thereon,” is in the very nature of things a simple expression of opinion on the part of the plaintiff, and can not be accepted as the statement of a positive existing fact. The mere opinioii of the plaintiff that the scheme is impracticable affords no reason in law for arresting the work by injunction.
Appeal from a judgment for defendants in the Tenth District Court in and for the County of Sutter. Keyser, J.
J. L. Wilbur, Greed Haymond, and A. L. Hand, for Appellants.
8. J. Stabler and J. 8. Belcher, for Respondents.

Opinion:
Morrison, C. J.:
Plaintiff filed his complaint in the late District Court of Sutter County, against defendants, who then constituted the Board of Supervisors of that county, and prayed " that the defendants be forever restrained and enjoined from reconstructing or repairing said levees, or any of them, or from in any manner damming up or obstructing the natural flow of waters into and through the said Butte Creek Slough, and from damming up or obstructing in any manner the natural channels through which the waters that flow into and upon said district and are drained therefrom." We have given the prayer of the complaint, because it illustrates the object and purpose of the suit. The complaint is very long and comprehensive, containing as it does something of a history of Levee District Ho. 5, in and for the county of Sutter. The first allegation in the complaint which we will consider is, that the district was not legally established, for the reason that the petition to the Board of Supervisors was not signed by more than one half of the land-owners within the district, as was required by Section 21 of the Act of March 25,1868. (See Laws of 1867-8, p. 316.) It was held in Dean v. Davis, 51 Cal. 406, that the district organized by the Board of Super visors under the foregoing statute became a public corporation, and that the validity of its corporate existence can not be collaterally attacked or questioned. The complaint also contains an averment that a large quantity of the land lying within the district and subject to taxation or assessment has been voluntarily omitted from the assessment list filed by the Commissioners in the office of the County Clerk of Sutter County. If this were a proceeding to enjoin the collection of the tax, we are not prepared to say that the omission complained of would not constitute good ground for enjoining the collection of the assessment. (See Levee District No. 1 v. Huber, 57 Cal. 41.) But, as has already been shown, this is not a proceeding to enjoin the collection of the tax, but is simply intended to stop the reconstruction or repair of the levee; non constat but there is a sufficient fund already collected to defray the expenses of such reconstruction and .repair.
The allegation that the levee was originally constructed without the previous adoption of a plan for the protection of the district, as provided for in Section 10 of the Act, constitutes no good reason why the levee, after having been constructed, should not be repaired in places where broken or washed away. But we are not to be understood as saying that the adoption of a plan was at any time essential; for Section 3 of the Act provides that " the County Surveyor of the County of Sutter shall be ex officio engineer of all such levee districts in the county, and shall make such surveys, levels, and estimates, superintend all works, and shall give general direction for all their construction, subject to the control of said Board of Supervisors."
The only remaining point in this case which we deem it necessary to notice is, that the effect of repairing the levee, as is claimed by plaintiff, " will be to dam up the waters and increase the same in volume, until said levee will break and permit said waters to flow down to and upon plaintiff's land and wash away and destroy the fences and trees thereon." This averment is, and can be, in the very nature of things, a simple expression of opinion on the part of the plaintiff, and can not be accepted as the statement of a positive existing fact. The intention of the statute, in authorizing the forma tion of the district, was to adopt a plan and scheme for the protection of the lands within the district from the encroachment of the waters; and the mere opinion of the plaintiff that the scheme is impracticable, affords no.reason in law for arresting the work by injunction.
Judgment affirmed.
Myrick, Sharpstein, Ross, and McKinstry, JJ., concurred.
McKee and Thornton, JJ., concurred in the judgment.