Case Name: KLOSTERS REDERI A/S d/b/a Norwegian Caribbean Lines, a foreign corporation, Appellant, v. Jeanne M. COWDEN and Charles G. Cowden, Appellees
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1984-04-03
Citations: 447 So. 2d 1017
Docket Number: No. 83-1358
Parties: KLOSTERS REDERI A/S d/b/a Norwegian Caribbean Lines, a foreign corporation, Appellant, v. Jeanne M. COWDEN and Charles G. Cowden, Appellees.
Judges: Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and BASKIN and FERGUSON, JJ.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 447
Pages: 1017–1019

Head Matter:
KLOSTERS REDERI A/S d/b/a Norwegian Caribbean Lines, a foreign corporation, Appellant, v. Jeanne M. COWDEN and Charles G. Cowden, Appellees.
No. 83-1358.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.
April 3, 1984.
Fowler, White, Burnett, Hurley, Baniek & Strickroot and William C. Norwood, Miami, for appellant.
Maguire & Friend and Michael P. Ma-guire, Coral Gables, for appellees.
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and BASKIN and FERGUSON, JJ.

Opinion:
BASKIN, Judge.
Jeanne Cowden, while a passenger on the Norway, was the victim of an intentional tort committed by one of appellant's employees. She sued the owner, Klosters Re-deri A/S d/b/a Norwegian Caribbean Lines. A jury awarded compensatory damages of $75,000 and punitive damages of $50,000. In this appeal, Norwegian Caribbean Lines contends that the trial court erred in instructing the jury on the issue of punitive damages under Florida law rather than in accordance with maritime law. Norwegian Caribbean Lines does not challenge the finding of liability or the award of compensatory damages.
In a cross-appeal, Mrs. Cowden's husband contends that the unrebutted testimony entitled him to recover for loss of consortium and that the trial court should have granted him a new trial when the jury failed to return a verdict in his favor. We agree on both points and remand for a new trial applying maritime law to questions pertaining to punitive damages and to the husband's claim for loss of consortium.
Torts committed within maritime jurisdiction fall within the purview of maritime law which must be applied even though the action is filed in a state court. Kermarec v. Compagnie Generate Transatlantique, 358 U.S. 625, 79 S.Ct. 406, 3 L.Ed.2d 550 (1959). Florida law differs from maritime law on the burden of proof necessary to establish punitive damages. Compare Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So.2d 545 (Fla.1981) with United States Steel Corp. v. Fuhrman, 407 F.2d 1143 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 398 U.S. 958, 90 S.Ct. 2162, 2163, 26 L.Ed.2d 542 (1969).
Unfortunately, the parties failed to advise the court that maritime law applied until the trial was well under way. It was not until just before closing argument when appellant moved for a directed verdict on the issue of punitive damages that the trial court learned that maritime law applied. Thus, in the Order on Defendant's Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict the trial court specified that Norwegian's failure to plead or direct any motions to the issue in a timely fashion precluded the application of maritime law. Despite appellant's failure to plead the appropriate law initially, we believe that once the request to apply maritime law was presented, it was incumbent upon the trial court to proceed under maritime law. See Carlisle Packing Co. v. Sandanger, 259 U.S. 255, 42 S.Ct. 475, 66 L.Ed. 927 (1922).
With regard to the cross-appeal, we agree with Mr. Cowden that he is entitled to a new trial, under maritime law, on his claim for loss of consortium.
Reversed in part and remanded for a new trial as to punitive damages and claim for loss of consortium.