Case Name: John R. WASTAK, Appellant, v. LEHIGH VALLEY HEALTH NETWORK, INC.
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2005-04-27
Citations: 128 F. App'x 928
Docket Number: No. 04-3039
Parties: John R. WASTAK, Appellant, v. LEHIGH VALLEY HEALTH NETWORK, INC.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 128
Pages: 928–931

Head Matter:
John R. WASTAK, Appellant, v. LEHIGH VALLEY HEALTH NETWORK, INC.
No. 04-3039.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued April 6, 2005.
Decided April 27, 2005.
Donald P. Russo, (Argued), Bethlehem, PA, for Appellant.
Anne N. Occhialino, (Argued), Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington, D.C., for Amicus-Appellant.
Jonathan B. Sprague, (Argued), Post & Schell, Philadelphia, PA, for Appellee.
Before BARRY, AMBRO, and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
OPINION
BARRY, Circuit Judge.
Appellant John Wastak ("Wastak") challenges an order of the District Court which granted his former employer's petition for attorneys' fees and costs following his unsuccessful employment discrimination action. Because we conclude that the District Court's finding that Wastak litigated in bad faith was clearly erroneous, we will reverse.
I.
Wastak was fifty-seven years old when he was terminated by Lehigh Valley Health Network ("LVHN") on March 12, 1998. In exchange for thirty-six weeks of severance benefits, Wastak executed a Separation Agreement and Release ("Release") whereby he expressly waived all employment-related claims against LVHN, including claims under the ADEA.
On the date of his termination, LVHN informed Wastak that it intended to hire a replacement to fill his position. Some time later, Wastak learned that LVHN had in fact replaced him with a younger woman. At that point, believing that he had been the subject of age discrimination, Wastak secured legal counsel. On July 20, 1999— 495 days after his termination — Wastak filed a charge of age discrimination with the EEOC. On March 1, 2000, the EEOC dismissed the charge as untimely, citing 29 U.S.C. § 626(d)(2), which required that Wastak file within 300 days of the accrual of the cause of action.
Wastak subsequently filed suit in Pennsylvania state court, claiming age discrimination in violation of both the ADEA and the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act. LVHN removed the action to federal court. On March 27, 2002, the District Court granted LVHN's motion for summary judgment on the basis of the Release. Notably, the District Court had previously denied LVHN's motion to dismiss the action as time-barred.
Rejecting a series of arguments advanced by Wastak to support his position that the Release was either invalid or inapplicable to his ADEA claim, we affirmed the order of the District Court. The District Court thereafter proceeded to consider LVHN's petition for costs and attorneys' fees, which had been stayed pending appeal. Finding that Wastak had litigated in bad faith, the District Court granted the petition. This appeal followed.
II.
"[A] district court's finding of bad faith or the absence of bad faith in a particular case is a factual determination and may be reversed only if it is clearly erroneous." Ford v. Temple Hosp., 790 F.2d 342, 347 (3d Cir.1986); see Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(a). Under this standard, we must accept the District Court's finding of bad faith unless "on the entire evidence [we are] left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed." United States v. Igbonwa, 120 F.3d 437, 440 (3d Cir.1997). When a litigant's bad faith is established, "the appropriateness of assessing attorneys' fees . is a matter for the district court's discretion." Ford, 790 F.2d at 347. Accordingly, were we to agree with the District Court that Wastak litigated in bad faith, we would review the decision to award attorneys' fees for abuse of discretion.
III.
The District Court offered two bases— and, perhaps, three, but it is far from clear — for its finding that Wastak litigated in bad faith: (1) the fact that Wastak "knowingly misrepresented to the Court" in a verified affidavit; and (2) the fact that Wastak pursued a claim that he knew to be untimely. We conclude that neither basis was evidence of bad faith.
Having parsed the language of Wastak's very brief affidavit and examined the affidavit alongside his deposition testimony, we are unable to identify any statement in the affidavit which is false, and the District Court was wholly nonspecific. To that extent that the Court appears to have been suggesting that Wastak said one thing in his affidavit about his mental state at the time of his termination and another thing at his deposition, we reject that suggestion. While Wastak made clear in his deposition that he neither sought treatment nor obtained a prescription before signing the Release, there is nothing in his affidavit which states to the contrary and, indeed, there is no dispute that he sought psychological treatment and was eventually prescribed medication.
We also reject the notion that Wastak manifested bad faith by pursuing an action which he knew to be untimely. Wastak presented a non-frivolous argument for equitable tolling, which was never considered on the merits in the underlying litigation. Moreover, early on, the District Court denied, LVHN's motion to dismiss the action as time-barred, which could well have led Wastak to believe that his tolling theory was meritorious.
rv.
Upon review of the record, we are convinced that a mistake has been committed and that the District Court's finding of bad faith was clearly erroneous. Accordingly, we will reverse the January 7, 2004 and June 21, 2004 orders of the District Court.
. Wastak v. Lehigh Valley Health Network, 342 F.3d 281 (3d Cir.2003). This decision vacated an earlier decision as to which panel rehearing was granted.
. A litigant's bad faith is a recognized exception to the "American rule" of fee shifting followed by the federal courts. See Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness, 421 U.S. 240, 258-59, 95 S.Ct. 1612, 44 L.Ed.2d 141 (1975) ("[A] court may assess attorneys' fees . when the losing party has acted in bad faith, vexatiously, wantonly, or for oppressive reasons." (internal quotation omitted)).