Case Name: Gail L. Harris, Appellant, v. Robert Seager et al., Respondents
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 2012-03-23
Citations: 93 A.D.3d 1308
Docket Number: Appeal No. 2
Parties: Gail L. Harris, Appellant, v Robert Seager et al., Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 93
Pages: 1308–1309

Head Matter:
Gail L. Harris, Appellant, v Robert Seager et al., Respondents.
(Appeal No. 2)
[941 NYS2d 415]

Opinion:
Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Niagara County (Sara S. Sperrazza, A.J.), entered April 21, 2011 in a personal injury action. The judgment dismissed the complaint upon a directed verdict.
It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, defendants' motion for a directed verdict is denied, the complaint is reinstated and a»new trial is granted.
Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this action seeking damages for injuries she allegedly sustained when she tripped over a raised threshold in a doorway while exiting a store owned by defendants James Briganti and Marie Briganti and operated by defendant Robert Seager. The door through which plaintiff exited the store led directly to an exterior stairway with a handrail on one side only. According to plaintiff, as she was falling down the stairs after tripping on the threshold, she reached for a railing on the side of the stairway where there was none, and she therefore tumbled down the stairs and injured her right foot and leg. Shortly before trial, Supreme Court granted the motion of defendants to preclude plaintiffs proposed expert witness from testifying at trial. After plaintiff rested at trial, defendants moved for a directed verdict dismissing the complaint, contending, inter alia, that plaintiff failed to establish that they had actual or constructive notice that the alleged defects in the property were dangerous. The court granted the motion, stating that "there is no way that there [is] any legal basis to put before the jury the issue of notice or causation," and entered judgment dismissing the complaint.
We conclude that the court erred in granting defendants' motion for a directed verdict. The evidence proffered by plaintiff clearly established that defendants had constructive, if not actual, notice of the allegedly dangerous conditions on the property, i.e., the raised threshold and the absence of a handrail on one side of the stairway. Indeed, as defendants conceded, those conditions had existed on the property for years prior to plaintiffs accident. Contrary to defendants' contention, plaintiff was not required to establish that defendants had notice of the allegedly dangerous nature of the threshold and stairway. To establish the notice element of her negligence claim, plaintiff was required to demonstrate that defendants had notice of conditions that she alleged were dangerous, but she was not required to demonstrate that defendants knew that those conditions were dangerous (see generally PJI 2:90; Tanguma v Yakima County, 18 Wash Ct App 555, 563, 569 P2d 1225, 1230 [1977], review denied 90 Wash 2d 1001 [1978]). To the extent that defendants rely on dicta in the decision of the Third Department in Richardson v Rotterdam Sq. Mall (289 AD2d 679, 682 [2001]) that suggests otherwise, we decline to follow it. We note that, in support of their motion for a directed verdict, defendants did not contend the alleged defects in the property were "trivial as a matter of law" (Sokolovskaya v Zemnovitsch, 89 AD3d 918, 918 [2011]; see generally Gafter v Buffalo Med. Group, P.C., 85 AD3d 1605, 1606 [2011]; Tully v Anderson's Frozen Custard, Inc. [appeal No. 2], 77 AD3d 1474, 1475 [2010]), nor do they advance that contention on appeal.
Finally, we reject plaintiffs contention that the court abused its discretion in granting the motion of defendants to preclude the testimony of plaintiffs expert based on her failure to comply with CPLR 3101 (d) (1). "It is within the sound discretion of the trial court to determine whether a witness may testify as an expert and that determination should not be disturbed 'in the absence of serious mistake, an error of law or abuse of discretion' " (Saggese v Madison Mut. Ins. Co., 294 AD2d 900, 901 [2002], quoting Werner v Sun Oil Co., 65 NY2d 839, 840 [1985]). Given the deficiencies in plaintiff's expert disclosure, we perceive no abuse of the court's discretion in this case. Present — Centra, J.P, Garni, Lindley, Sconiers and Martoche, JJ.