Case Name: In re Harold E. Kalter
Court: United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1963-04-25
Citations: 50 C.C.P.A. 1191
Docket Number: No. 6916
Parties: In re Harold E. Kalter
Judges: Before Worley, Chief Judge, and High, Martin, Smith, and Almond, Jr., Associate Judges.
Reporter: Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Reports
Volume: 50
Pages: 1191–1196

Head Matter:
316 F. 2d 747; 137 USPQ 347
In re Harold E. Kalter
(No. 6916)
United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals,
April 25, 1963
Richard M. Bradford, Frank M. Slough and J. Melon Slough, for appellant.
Clarence W. Moore (Jere W. Sears, of counsel) for the Commissioner of Patents.
[Oral argument January 10, 1963, by Mr. Sears; submitted on brief on behalf of appellant].
Before Worley, Chief Judge, and High, Martin, Smith, and Almond, Jr., Associate Judges.

Opinion:
Almond, Judge,
delivered the opinion of the court :
This is an appeal from the decision of the Board of Appeals affirming the examiner's rejection of claims 8 and 9 of appellant's application as unpatentable over the prior art.
According to the specification, the invention relates to an improvement in a prior art cycle cover in which a frame of generally pear-shaped form has its peripheral edge bent upwardly to receive the peripheral portions of an outer flexible cover, which cover is secured by the upturned peripheral portion of the frame. The improvement described is providing a beaded edge on a flexible cover of plastic or the like.
Two embodiments are described in the specification. In each, a beaded edge is adapted to fit into a complementary channel. In the first, the downwardly extending peripheral edge of the flexible cover is provided with a bead of such thickness as to "wedgingly" seat within an upturned channel of the saddle frame. The channel is crimped over the bead to enclose it. This embodiment has been called the "Fig. 4 species."
The second embodiment consists in providing a bead on the saddle frame as by tightly rolling a small portion of the downwardly directed edges of the frame. Then the cover, which may have a pad or cushion under it, is tightly fitted over the frame by means of an inwardly turned channel adapted to fit complementarily over the bead of the frame. In this form, the cover completely encases all exposed metallic areas of the saddle frame. This embodiment has been called the "Fig. 5 species."
The claims read:
8. A cycle saddle comprising a saddle shaped sheet metal frame member and a complementarity shaped flexible cover member therefor, said flexible member being provided with a downwardly depending peripheral skirt portion, said skirt portion being provided with a beaded edge portion, the frame member having a channel shaped outer periphery adapted to wedgingly engage said beaded edge portion to loekingly secure said frame and cover members together.
9. A cycle saddle comprising a saddle shaped sheet metal frame member and a eomplementarily shaped flexible cover member therefor, said flexible cover having a wedge means integrally formed therewith, said frame having integrally formed means for wedgingly engaging said wedge means whereby said cover member is tautly secured on the frame member.
The Board of Appeals relied on the following references:
Mellano (GreatBritain), 351,034, June22,1931.
Bagusat et al. (Italy), 510,368, January 21,1955.
The examiner and the board found claim 8 unpatentable over Mel-lano and claim 9 unpatentable over Bagusat et al. They considered claim 8 to be drawn to the first embodiment wherein the frame is crimped over the bead in the flexible cover and claim 9 to be drawn to the second embodiment wherein the cover fits over the bead formed in the metal frame.
The Mellano reference discloses a cycle cover comprising a flexible cover, which may be of moulded rubber, fitted over a frame member. A number of embodiments are illustrated, the one here pertinent and relied upon below being that in which the flexible cover has "beaded ends turned downwardly and secured by clamping plates The clamping plates are secured to the frame by countersunk screws and form a channel complementary in shape to the periphery of the downwardly extending cover member throughout the front and rear portions of the seat. Mellano prefers the side edges of the seat to be free and unsupported by the frame, but the possibility is recognized of employing " side outer members to form a complete rigid or nonextensive frame
The Bagusat et al. reference illustrates a cycle saddle comprising a sheet metal saddle shaped frame member, a cushion, and a flexible cover therefor. The sides of the frame are bent upwardly on each side to prevent lateral displacement of the soft cushion on turns, acceleration or deceleration of the cycle. The flexible cover is fitted com-plementarily over the rounded corner of the upwardly turned frame member so that all exposed metal portions are encased.
The appellant takes issue with the finding of the examiner, concurred in by the board, that Mellano discloses a "flexible member being provided with a downwardly peripheral skirt portion" with a beaded edge, "the frame members having a channel shaped outer periphery adapted to wedgingly engage said beaded edge to lockingly secure the frame and cover together." The solicitor asserts that it is immaterial whether or not Mellano's cover bead is "wedgingly engaged" as the "final wholly functional clause of the claim 8 could not be viewed as a structural difference." It is obvious, however, that the function of the clamps of Mellano is to provide the channel to compress or crowd the cover beads therein. This would seem to meet the "wedgingly engage" requirement of the claim.
It would seem obvious that Mellano does disclose a frame with "a channel shaped outer periphery." While not describing the full perimeter or boundary of the frame, the channel clamps would constitute the outer periphery which engages the cover.
There is no question that a "saddle shaped sheet metal frame member," called for in claim 8, is conventional in the art. Appellant so admits in the specification. According to the specification, the cover fits over the sheet metal saddle here in the same manner as in the prior art. The novel feature is securing the cover to the frame by "wedging" a beaded edge portion. We agree that the improvement of providing a flexible "plastic or the like" member with a beaded edge adapted to engage an upturned channel member would be obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art in view of Mellano.
Predicated on the basis of economy in cost of manufacture and assembly, appellant asserts distinctive advantage for his structure over Mellano in that clamping means and securing bolts are eliminated. It is obvious that the omission of these means is not required by claim 8. Nothing in the claim precludes the use of clamps and bolts as a substitute for the crimped metal securing means shown in appellant's drawing. We agree with the Board of Appeals statement: "Further, in our opinion, the method of assembly of the bead in the groove is an obvious matter of choice and immaterial to the appealed claims."
Claim 9 was rejected as being unpatentable over Bagusat et al., largely on the basis of a loose definition of "wedge means." Since the cover of the saddle in Bagusat et al. entirely encases the exposed frame and cushion somewhat like a slip cover, it is difficult to perceive the "wedge means" with which the frame is wedgingly engaged. The board held that "the Bagusat frame member is 'wedgingly engaging' the wedge means of the cover in the same sense as in appellant's Fig. 5." Figure 5 illustrates the second embodiment described above in which the cover encases the bead on the frame.
Appellant contends that claim 9 does not read on his Figure 5 species but only on the species where the cover bead is crimped in the frame channel (Fig. 4). In the rejection on Bagusat et al. it seems clear that the examiner and the board relied on the assumption that claim 9 was intended to be read on the Figure 5 species. The solicitor states that the appellant gave no suggestion in the amendment presenting claim 9 nor by any action in the proceedings before the examiner or the board that this claim should not be read on his Figure 5 species. Nothing in the record indicates which embodiment claim 9 was intended to encompass.
It seems clear to us that claim 9 does not read on the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5, yet it does read on the species of Fig. 4. The species of Fig. 5 does not have a "flexible cover having wedge means integrally formed therewith" as required by claim 9. The claims appear to define the same embodiment and differ only in scope. We are constrained to agree with appellant that claim 9 is not properly rejected on Bagusat et al., since the reference fails to show the cover bearing a beaded edge as called for in the claims.
The solicitor recognizes that one might "doubt the readability of claim 9 on the Figure 5 species" but contends that claim 9 is un-patentable over Mellano, stating:
Assuming arguendo that appellant's assertion [that claim. 9 reads on the Fig. 4 species] is correct and a showing thereof had been seasonably made, then it is quite obvious the examiner would have simply grouped claim 9 with claim 8 as unpatentable over Mellano, claim 9 being the broader claim.
Appealing as this argument may be, a rejection of claim 9 based on Mellano is not before us. Only claim 8 was rejected on Mellano. We are without authority to advance new grounds of rejection, but are limited to deciding the issues before us.
Appellant points out that the ground of rejection by the examiner wi|th affirmance by the board is "solely based on two foreign letters patent" with citation of decisions in deprecation of such patents. As was stated in In re Moreton, 48 CCPA 875, 288 F. 2d 708, 129 USPQ 227, "A consideration of cases will show that this type of argument has not borne fruit in this court for the past 30 years."
It is our opinion that both Mellano and Bagusat et al. bear efficacy as prior art. However, Bagusat et al., though a valid prior art reference, fails to provide the teaching for which it was relied upon.
For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the Board of Appeals is modified to the extent that the rejection of claim 8 is affirmed and the rejection of claim 9 is reversed.
Ser. No. 755,468, filed August 18, 1958, for "Cycle Covers."
Webster's Third New International Mctionary, p. 2591:
2. wedge *vt***4:to cram or pack into a smaller restricted space; crowd .