Case Name: Brett and Another v. Donaghe's Guardian
Court: Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia
Jurisdiction: Virginia
Decision Date: 1903-09-17
Citations: 101 Va. 786
Docket Number: 
Parties: Brett and Another v. Donaghe’s Guardian.
Judges: 
Reporter: Virginia Reports
Volume: 101
Pages: 786–789

Head Matter:
Staunton.
Brett and Another v. Donaghe’s Guardian.
September 17, 1903.
Absent, Buchanan, J.
1. Wills—Construction—Case m Judgment.—A testator, by Ms will, directs that the share of his estate falling to his son shall be held by his executors in trust for the joint use and benefit of his son and wife and children, expressing his purpose “to provide a home for the family during the life of his said son and his wife, and the survivor of them, and at the death of the last survivor to divide the trust fund among their descendants by stocks.” At the time of the testator’s death, the family of the son consisted of the son and his wife and four infapt children. At the time of the son’s death, his remaining family consisted of his widow and one daughter, and there was one grandson living out of the State. The grandson claimed to share with the widow the income of the trust subject accruing during her life.
Held: The grandson has no interest in the income of the trust fund during the lifetime of the widow.
2. Wills—Construction—Children—Wife and Family.—The word “children” has, in general, no other meaning but issue of the first degree, unless there be something on the face of the instrument to manifest a contrary intention; and, while “family” sometimes has a very broad signification, “wife and family” generally means wife and children.
Appeal from a decree of the Circuit Court of Augusta county, pronounced June 6, 19.03, in a suit in chancery pending in said court, in which suit appellants and appellee filed their respective petitions asserting claims to the fund in controversy.
Reversed.
The opinion states the case.
Ker & Kerr, for the appellants.
H. J. Taylor and R. P. Bell, for the appellee.
Judge Buchanan was detained at home by sickness.

Opinion:
Keith, P.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
The decree appealed from in this case construes the will of W. W. Donaghe, Sr., who died in 1873, leaving considerable estate. By the fifth clause of his will, he directed that "the share falling to my son, William W. Donaghe, shall be held by my executors in trust for the joint use and benefit of my said son and wife and children; it being my purpose to provide a home for the family during the life of my said son and his wife and the survivor of them, and at the death of the last survivor, .to divide the trust fund among their descendants by stocks. It is my desire that my executors, as trustees of this fund, shall have the largest discretion as to the investment of the principal from time to time, and as to the application of the income, or the use of the property; having in view always the preservation of the principal fund, in such manner as in their judgment will best promote the comfort, respectability, and happiness of my said son and his family."
At the date of the testator's death in February, 1873, the family of William W. Donaghe, Jr., consisted of himself, wife, and four infant children, all of whom were living with him except his daughter, Ellie. Of this family, as thus composed, there now survive Lucy J. M. Donaghe, the widow of W. W. Donaghe, Jr., and Ellie.
Anna Gray Donaghe married a Mr. Snow, removed to Washington, and died intestate and without issue.
Everett Donaghe, the only son of W. W. Donaghe, Jr., removed to Colorado, married, and died some years ago, leaving a widow and infant to survive him. Ilis widow has since married, and his child still survives.
Mary D. Donaghe married one Mahlo, from whom she was divorced a vinculo, and subsequently married one Edward S. Gaunt, of the State of Hew York. Mary has since died without issue, leaving a will, by which she bequeathed her whole estate, including what was due and to become due under the will of W. W. Donaghe, Sr., her grandfather, to one Kate 0. Veil son. The interest acquired by Kate O. Keilson under the will of Mary B. Gaunt was ascertained and determined in the case of Neilson v. Brett, reported in 99 Va. 673, 40 S. E. 32.
It was seen that by the fifth clause of the will the share falling to W. W. Donaghe, Jr., is to be held by the executors in trust for the joint use of his son and his son's wife and children ; the purpose being, as declared by the testator, to provide for the family during the life of his son and his wife and the survivor of them, and at the death of the last survivor, to divide the trust fund among their descendants by stocks. It thus appears in plain and unmistakable language that the trust fund is to remain undivided during the joint lives of the son and his wife and the survivor of them, and during that period it is to be administered for the joint use and benefit of the son and his wife and their children.
It is well established by the authorities that the word "children" has in general no other meaning but issue in the first degree, unless there be something on the face of the will to manifest a contrary intention on the part of the testator. As was said by Judge Buchanan in Waring v. Waring, 96 Va. 641, 32 S. E. 150: "The word 'children' has a definite legal signification, and where no other words are joined with it, it has in general no other meaning but issue in the first degree. In order that it may be construed to mean lineal descendants of a more remote degree, there must be something on the face of the will to show that it was so intended, for no rule is better settled than that technical words are presumed to be used technically, and that words of a definite legal signification are to be understood as used in their definite legal sense, unless the contrary appears on the face of the instrument." Moon v. Stone's Ex'r, 19 Gratt. 130; Jarman on Wills, p. 156.
There is nothing upon the face of this will which manifests a contrary intent. Indeed, the context rather strengthens the ordinary construction given to the word "children," for in the first sentence of the fifth clause the testator declares "that the share falling to his son shall he held in trust for the joint use and benefit of his son and wife and children," while in the next succeeding clause, when he goes to deal with the distribution of the trust fund after the death of his son and wife, he directs that "it shall be divided among their descendants by stocks."
This construction is in harmony with the opinion in Neilson v. Brett, supra.
Nor do we think that the infant son of Everett Donaghe, deceased, can participate in the income of the trust fund under the fifth clause, as a member of the family of W. W. Donaghe, Jr., deceased.
It is true that the word "family" has a variety of meanings and applications, which may include an entire household, all descended from a common stock, their husbands and wives. Pigg v. Clarke, 3 Ch. D. 672. When one speaks of a wife and family, he means his wife and children (Phillips v. Ferguson, 85 Va. 509, 8 S. E. 241, 1 L. R. A. 837, 17 Am. St. Rep. 78), but. it would he a very elastic definition which would embrace the infant son of Everett Donaghe, who removed to the State of Colorado, and was married, and where his infant child was horn, and has since resided.
What we have said, of course, applies only to the right of the grandchild as the heir at law of his father to share in the trust fund until the period of distribution arrives, and is not intended to prejudice whatever interest he may have in the corpus of the estate.
We are of opinion that the Circuit Court erred in holding that the infant son of Everett Donaghe was entitled to one-third of the income arising from the trust fund created under the fifth clause of the will.
Eor the foregoing reasons, the decree of the Circuit Court of Augusta county must he reversed.
Reversed.