Case Name: T. J. Donaldson et al., Respondents, v. John W. Winningham et al., Appellants
Court: Washington Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Washington
Decision Date: 1908-01-30
Citations: 48 Wash. 374
Docket Number: No. 6967
Parties: T. J. Donaldson et al., Respondents, v. John W. Winningham et al., Appellants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Washington Reports
Volume: 48
Pages: 374–378

Head Matter:
[No. 6967.
Decided January 30, 1908.]
T. J. Donaldson et al., Respondents, v. John W. Winningham et al., Appellants.
Guardian and Ward — Appointment—Insane Persons — Necessity oe Adjudication oe Insanity. In the absence of fraud or conspiracy, the superior court has jurisdiction to appoint a guardian for an in.sane person irrespective of a prior adjudication of insanity, which is accordingly irrelevant on the question of the validity of the guardianship proceedings.
Judgment — Collateral Attack. In an action to quiet title acquired at a judicial sale, a cross-complaint by the former owner attacking the validity of the order or judgment of sale, is a direct and not a collateral attack on the order or judgment, in which the jurisdiction of the court to make the order may be inquired into.
Guardian and Ward — Appointment—Insane Persons — Necessity of Notice — Saxe of Property. Service of notice of the application for the appointment of a guardian of an insane person, upon the person having the care and custody of the insane person, is a jurisdictional prerequisite to an order of sale of such insane person’s real property.
Homestead — Decxabation—Necessity. Under Laws 1895, p. 109, there is no homestead right in property acquired since the passage of the act unless a declaration of homestead is executed and filed as therein required.
Appeal from a judgment of the superior court for King county, Albertson, J., entered May 18, 1907, upon findings in favor of the plaintiffs, after a trial on the merits before the court without a jury, in an action to quiet title.
Reversed.
J. H. Allen and M. M. Wmnmgham, for appellants.
H. E. Foster, for respondents.
Reported in 93 Pac. 534.

Opinion:
Rudkin, J.
The defendants acquired the property in controversy on the 2d day of January, 1902, and occupied the same as their home until the 10th day of January, 1905. On the latter date the defendant Maggie M. Winningham was adjudged insane by the superior court of King county and committed to the Western Washington Hospital for the Insane at Fort Steilacoom. On the 2d day of March, 1905, the defendant John W. Winningham was appointed guardian of the person and estate of the defendant Maggie M. Winning-ham, by the same court. On the 18th day of May, 1905, the defendant John W. Winningham, for himself and as guardian of the person and estate of his codefendant Maggie M. Winningham, conveyed the property to one William Winning-ham, pursuant to an order of the superior court made and entered in the guardianship matter, and William Winning-ham in turn conveyed to the plaintiffs. The present action was instituted by the plaintiffs to quiet their title as against the Winninghams. The court made findings and granted judgment according to the prayer of the complaint, and the defendants have appealed therefrom.
The appellant Maggie M. Winningham, by cross-complaint, attacked the regularity and validity of the insanity proceedings as a result of which she was adjudged insane and committed to the hospital for the insane, the regularity and validity of the guardianship proceedings, and the regularity and validity of the order of sale, on the above grounds, and on the further ground that the property was a homestead. The respondents contend that the cross-complaint was a collateral attack on the orders or judgments in the insanity and guardianship proceedings. We may say here that the insanity proceedings have no place in this record. The superior court has jurisdiction to appoint guardians for insane persons wholly independent of its jurisdiction to commit to hospitals for the insane, and the validity of the order appointing the guardian depends in no manner upon the validity of the previous adjudication of insanity. If fraud or conspiracy were charged a different rule might apply, but no such claim is advanced here. Is this a collateral attack on the guardianship proceedings? We think it is settled by the decisions of this court that where an action is brought against the former owner, to recover property or quiet a title acquired at a judicial sale, a cross-complaint by such former owner attacking the validity of the order or judgment under which the sale was made is a direct and not a collateral attack on such order or judgment. Christofferson v. Pfennig, 16 Wash. 491, 48 Pac. 264; Krutz v. Isaacs, 25 Wash. 566, 66 Pac. 141; Northwestern etc. Bank v. Ridpath, 29 Wash. 687, 70 Pac. 139.
We do not mean by this that mere errors or irregularities not going to the jurisdiction of the court may be inquired into under such a cross-complaint, for these can only be corrected on a direct appeal, or in a case such as this by an appropriate proceeding instituted by the insane person within one year after the disability is removed. But the jurisdiction of the court to make the order under which the sale was made may be inquired into, and the service of notice of the application for the appointment of a guardian upon the insane person, and upon the person having the care, custody, and control of such insane person, as required by the act of March 16, 1903, Laws 1903, page 242, is jurisdictional, and if no such notice was served all subsequent proceedings are null and void. State ex rel. Lowary v. Superior Court, 41 Wash. 460, 83 Pac. 726.
This in our opinion is the only jurisdictional question raised by the cross-complaint or the offer of proof. The question of the sale of a homestead does not arise in this case. While it was held in Curry v. Wilson, 45 Wash. 19, 87 Pac. 1065, that there was no authority in law for the sale or mortgage of the homestead of an insane person in this state prior to the passage of the homestead act of March 30, 1895, Laws of 1895, page 109 — and there is no pretense that the provisions of that act were complied with here — yet in the case of Whitworth v. McKee, 32 Wash. 83, 72 Pac. 1046, it was held that there is no homestead right in property acquired since the passage of the act of 1895, supra, unless the declaration of homestead is executed and filed as therein provided. The property in controversy was acquired since the passage of that act, and the appellants concede that no declaration of homestead was executed or filed. This disposes of all of the assignments of error, and for the error in excluding testimony tending to show that no notice of the application for the appointment of a guardian was given or served, the judgment is reversed and a new trial ordered.
If on a reti'ial it should appear that no such notice was given or sexwed, the court will take an accounting hetxveen the pax'ties and enter judgment quieting title in the appellants on such terms as may he equitable. If it shall appear that such notice was in fact given, judgment will go for the respondents.
Hadley, C. J., Fullerton, Dunbar. Mount, Crow, and Root, JJ., concur.