Case Name: In the matter of Doyle
Court: New York Court of Chancery
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1839-12
Citations: 1 Cl. Ch. 154
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the matter of Doyle.
Judges: 
Reporter: Clarke's Chancery Reports
Volume: 1
Pages: 154–157

Head Matter:
In the matter of Doyle.
The father of an illegitimate child has no right to its care and custody as against the rights of the mother; and this court has no power to take such child from the care of-the mother, and give it to the father.
The petitioner in this case sets forth that he is the father of an illegitimate female infant child, by Bridget Welsh, bom in April, 1833, which child has been principally in the custody of its mother, but for the most part supported by the father—that the child is of an age to require education, and care and attention to its morals and habits—that the mother is an improper person to have the care of the education of the child, and is of dissolute habits, and refuses to .give the custody of the child to the father. The petitioner further states that he is a householder, living with his wife and family, and is desirous of having the care and custody of this illegitiinate child, to be brought up in his family; and prays that the custody of the child may be given to the petitioner, and that the mother may be restrained from interfering with it.
There are, on the other side, numerous affidavits, shewing the good character of the mother, and her proper management of the child, and the improper character of the father; the reading of which was, however, objected to.
P. G. Buchan, for petitioner.
W. S. Bishop, for the mother.

Opinion:
The Vice Chancellor.
There seems to be no doubt, both under the English law and our own law, but the father of an infant child, being under a legal obligation to support such child, is entitled to its care and custody, and to direct the disposition of it, unless •there are some circumstances in his conduct which will justify a court in depriving him of this right, and consigning the child to the' care of some other person. These principles relate, however, to legitimate children, and to the separation of the wedded father and mother for some impropriety in the father. For that unfortunate class, the innocent offspring of illicit intercourse, the laws seem to have made no positive provision as to their care and custody. It is true, our statute has provided for the indemnity of community, by requiring the putative father to give security for the support of an illegitimate child. But neither the statute nor the decided cases have em braced the important object of the custody of the child. It would seem as if power should be vested , . . . somewhere, to save, it it were possible to save, the innocent offspring of guilt from the ruinous consequences of a demoralizing education, by giving' the custody to the father or the mother, as the welfare of the child should seem to require. But after much searching, I regret to say that I can find no such authority vested in any tribunal or officer; and, without a landmark, I am sent back to the principles of the common law for my guidance in this case. The first principle that meets me is, that an illegitimate child • has, in contemplation of law, no father. Such child is nullius filius, and there is, therefore, no father who is bound to support it, or can rightfully claim its care and custody. There are, it is true, certain statute regulations by which the putative father may be compelled to indemnify community against the expense of supporting a child who may otherwise become a public charge. But these statutes only make the person charged, a father for a particular purpose, viz. for the indemnity of society against the expense of the support of the child. The paternal and filial relation, in all its endearing and legal consequences, does not exist between such a father and such a child. The law looks coldly -upon this relation, and takes no further care of it than to see that the community is not put to expense. In such cases, there seems to be more than a legal doubt who is actually the father—the sworn father being termed merely the putative father, while there can be no doubt who is the mother. The identity of the mother is beyond all mistake; and as she is the only parent such a child can' have with any legal certainty, she is the parent to whom the custody of such a child seems properly to belong. Such is the inevitable result °* the common law doctrines in regard to this relation. Chancellor Kent, in his Commentaries, seems to have come to the same conclusion. He says, 2 Vol. p. 178 : " She," the mother, "has a .right to the custody and control of such child as against the putative father, and is bound to maintain it as its natural guardian; though perhaps the putative father might assert a right to the custody of the child, as against a stranger;" and he cites Strange, 1162.
This view of the matter would lead to the result that the prayer of the petitioner should be denied; • but if this court could be persuaded that it had the power to give the custody of the child in such case to the father, it would ascertain, either by its own inspection or by a reference to a Master, whether it were proper so to do. Contemplating that some such examination might possibly be necessary, I have been myself to see the child in the absence of and without the knowledge of her mother. I find she is very well educated; that due care has been paid to her morals, her manners, and her education; that she loves her mother, and prefers to live with her; that she is daily sent to school; and that few girls of. her age are better taught, either in mind or heart.
In this case, therefore, if the court had the"power, I should think it, so far as I can judge from personal examination, a very unwise exercise of it, to take this young girl from the custody of her mother, and give her over to the care of her father.
The prayer of the petition must therefore be denied with costs.