Case Name: Henze v. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway Company, Appellant
Court: Supreme Court of Missouri
Jurisdiction: Missouri
Decision Date: 1880-04
Citations: 71 Mo. 636
Docket Number: 
Parties: Henze v. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway Company, Appellant.
Judges: Sherwood, C. J., and Hough, J., concur; Napton and Norton, JJ., dissent.
Reporter: Missouri Reports
Volume: 71
Pages: 636–645

Head Matter:
Henze v. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway Company, Appellant.
1. Railroad, Duty of Traveler Approaching: contributory negligence. A traveler approaching a railroad track is bound to use his eyes and ears, so far as there is an opportunity, and where, by the use of these organs, danger may be avoided, notwithstanding the neglect of the railroad company’s servants to give the signals, the omission of the plaintiff to use his senses to avoid the danger is concurring negligence entitling defendant to a non-suit.
2. Case Adjudged. In an action against a railroad company for the killing of plaintiff’s husband and infant son at'a public crossing, the testimony of plaintiff’s witnesses showed that the deceased was-driving, in a two horse wagon, at a slow walk, along a highway, which crossed the railroad, when they were run over and killed by a train; and that the train was an extra, not running on regular time. The witnesses were not agreed as to whether tlie husband could have seen the train as he approached the crossing, but their testimony showed that while no hell was rung or whistle sounded,, the train made plenty of noise, and the deceased could have heard it if he had stopped and listened ; that he did not stop to look or listen, or take any other precaution to avoid danger; that as he approached the track he was holding the lines loosely in his hands, apparently taking no notice of anything; that the roadway was dry and hard, and the rattling of the wagon interfered with the sound of the train. Held, that a demurrer to the evidence was well taken, and should have been sustained. Napton and Norton, JJ., dissenting.
3. Notice: presumption that trial courts observe their own rules. If the record shows that a motion requiring notice was heard by the trial court less than five days after the service of notice upon the parties, this court will presume that such practice is permitted by the rules of the trial court, unless the contrary appear by the record. Section 3507, Revised Statutes, while prescribing five days as the general rule, authorizes the trial courts to shorten the time to less than five days.
4. Bill of Exceptions. If a motion for new trial filed in due time be continued to a succeeding term of court, a bill of exceptions filed at the term at which the motion is determined will preserve exceptions taken at the trial.
Appeal from Audrain Circuit Court. — PIon. G-. Porter, Judge.
Reversed.
Wells H. Blodgett, Jno. F. Williams and Charles A. Winslow for appellant.
J. L. Smith, L. C. Krauthojf, Rudolph Hirzel, H. W. Johnson and Forrist, for respondent.

Opinion:
Büjnry, J.
Returning from Jonesborough in a two horse wagon, Ered Henze and his son, about six years of age, in passing over defendant's railroad at a public crossing in Montgomery county, known as Holland's crossing, were struck and killed by the engine of a passenger train running west. Plaintiff, the widow of Henze and mother of the lad, sued defendant for $10,000, alleging that the death of her husband and son was occasioned by the negligence of the defendant's employees in running and man aging the train. She obtained a judgment for $10,000> from which the defendant has appealed.
There was a conflict in the evidence for plaintiff, as to whether the deceased could have seen an approaching train after he turned south from the Boonslick road, until he got upon the track, a distance of 100 yards. Some of plaintiff's witnesses testified that, if he had looked, he could, and others that he could not have seen a train approaching from the east; but that he could have heard the train if he had stopped and listened was proven by John Thompson, Albert Kilgore, Anthony Horton, Rhoda Brooks, James Ferguson, Thomas Kimbal and Mrs. Drew, witnesses for plaintiff. Katie Wood, Douglas Kilgore, Thomas Patton and Gf. W. Lehne testified that they did not hear it. Thomas Patton was laying a floor in a corn crib, on the side of the road running south to the railroad track, working with an axe, and the noise he made at his work would probably have prevented him from hearing the noise made by the train. Gf. W. Lehne was 150 yards north of the crossing, traveling in a wagon, and the noise made by his wagon may have prevented him from hearing that made by the train. Douglas Kilgore was 130 yards south of the crossing, and Katie Wood was crossing the railroad track at a point west of the Holland crossing, and did not hear the train approaching until it came very near her.
The positive testimony of the witnesses who heard the train is not contradicted by that of those who did not hear it, and establishes the fact that Henze could have heard the train if he had stopped and listened. Whether one does or does not hear so that he can testify to a given sound depends upon the degree of attention he may give to its source. The familiar example of several persons being in a room where there is a clock, one or more of whom state that they heard it strike, while the others testify that they did not hear it, is an apt illustration of the difference between mere negative and contradictory evi dence. If the witnesses ai'e equally credible, although the number of those who say they did not hear it exceeds that of those who say they did, yet the testimony of the latter is to be regarded as establishing the fact, because it is consistent with, and not contradictory of, the negative evidence. If the others had testified also that, for somfe particular reason, their attention was called to the clock when it should have struck, and that they did not hear it, a conflict of evidence would be presented. The witnesses here simply stated that they did not hear the train, and their testimony does not contradict that of the other witnesses, or the inference to be drawn from it, that, if Henze had stopped to listen, he could have heard it. Besides, all of the witnesses who said they did not hear the train, except Katie Wood, stated additional facts which explain why they did not hear it. The witnesses who heard the train testified as follows : Albert Kilgore, that he was south of the Holland railroad crossing 100 or 150 yards. John Thompson, that he was thirty-five or forty yards south of the crossing and heard the train coming one-fourth of a mile. Anthony Horton, that he was 100 yards west of the crossing and thirty or forty south of the road, and heard the train, and that it " made plenty of noise." Rhoda Brooks was thirty yards west of the crossing, and heard it " rattle a good way off." James Ferguson, who was north of the road, distinctly heard it seventy-five yards'distant from him.
The plaintiff's evidence shows that Henze,-the husband, "was sitting straight in the - wagon, facing the railroad, holding the lines loosely in his hands and driving in a slow walk, not seeming to take particular notice of anything, and appearing like one driving two horses where there was no danger;'.' and the same witness stated-that '.the rattling of Henze's wagon interfered with-the sound of the train." Henze stopped neither to-look nor listen, but drove on to the track without taking any precaution whatever to guard against, danger. The evidence for plaintiff showed that neither a bell was rung nor whistle blown on the train. A demurrer to the evidence was overruled.
We see nothing in this case to distinguish it from Fletcher v. Atlantic & Pacific R. R. Co., 64 Mo. 484, and Harlan v. St. L., K. C. & N. Ry. Co., 65 Mo. 22. The only difference in the facts betwixt this and the Fletcher Case is that, in the latter, it was clearly.established that, for some distance before he drove upon the railroad track, Eletcher, by looking, could have seen the approaching train, but the same principle is applicable here, if it be the law, as this court has held, that " a traveler approaching a railroad track is bound to use his eyes and ears, so far as there is an opportunity, and when, by the use of these senses, danger may be avoided, notwithstanding the neglect of the railroad servants to give the signals, the omission of the plaintiff to use his senses to avoid the danger is concurring negligence entitling defendant to a nonsuit." Fletcher v. A. & P. R. R. Co., supra. If Henze had used the precaution which common prudence dictates, it is not likely that the calamity would have occurred. If he had stopped to look and listen when near the track, and could neither see nor hear the approaching train, on account of the cut or other obstructions, and no signal was given from the train, he would have been justifiable in attempting to cross, and no negligence would have been imputable to him. But he had no right to drive along over a dry, hard road in a two horse wagon, the noise of which might prevent him from hearing an approaching train, and, without stopping an instant to see or hear, go upon the railroad track, except at his own peril.
This and the case of The Pa. R. R. Co. v. Beale, 73 Pa. St. 504, are as nearly alike in their facts as any two cases to be found in the books, and the supreme court of Pennsylvania there held that, "if the traveler cannot see the track by looking out, whether from fog or other cause, he should get out, and, if necessary, lead his horse and wagon.'' We are not called upon, in this case, to assert so stringent a rule against the traveler as that, but the views we have expressed are fully sustained by Benton v. The Central R. R. of Iowa, 42 Iowa, 193, and Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. Co. v. Miller, 25 Mich. 274,two cases similar to this; also by Butterfield v. Western R. R. Corporation, 10 Allen, 532. In Illinois, where the doctrine of comparative negligence is recognized, in the case of St. L., A. & T. H. R. R. Co. v. Manly, 58 Ill. 306, a case analagous to this in its facts, the court observed : " That the fearful result of the sad accident must be attributed most largely to. his (deceased's) own want of proper care." In R. R. Co. v. Houston, 95 U. S. 702, the court observed, Field, J.: " The failure of the engineer to sound the whistle or ring the bell, if such were the fact, did not relieve the deceased from the necessity'of taking ordinary precautions for her safety. Negligence of the company's employees in these particulars was no excuse for negligence on her part. She was bound to-look and listen before attempting to cross the railroad track, in order to avoid an approaching train, and not to walk carelessly into the place of possible danger." See, also, Morris & Essex R. R. Co. v. Haslan, 33 N. J. L. 149; Flemming v. W. P. R. R. Co., 49 Cal. 253. The authorities-cited fully sustain the doctrine announced by this court in Fletcher v. A. & P. R. R. Co., and Harlan v. St. L., K. C. & N. Ry. Co., and adhering to what was held in those cases, we reverse this judgment.
Sherwood, C. J., and Hough, J., concur; Napton and Norton, JJ., dissent.