Case Name: In the Matter of LAKE COUNTY'S OBLIGATION FOR OPERATING COSTS OF the FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MISSOULA COUNTY, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. MICHAEL HUTCHIN, Harold Fitzner, and Don Peterson, in their official capacities as Lake County Commissioners, and Lake County, a political subdivision of the State of Montana, Defendants and Appellants
Court: Montana Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Montana
Decision Date: 1986-08-25
Citations: 223 Mont. 55
Docket Number: No. 86-114
Parties: In the Matter of LAKE COUNTY’S OBLIGATION FOR OPERATING COSTS OF the FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MISSOULA COUNTY, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. MICHAEL HUTCHIN, Harold Fitzner, and Don Peterson, in their official capacities as Lake County Commissioners, and Lake County, a political subdivision of the State of Montana, Defendants and Appellants.
Judges: MR. JUSTICE MORRISON filed dissenting opinion.
Reporter: Montana Reports
Volume: 223
Pages: 55–59

Head Matter:
In the Matter of LAKE COUNTY’S OBLIGATION FOR OPERATING COSTS OF the FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MISSOULA COUNTY, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. MICHAEL HUTCHIN, Harold Fitzner, and Don Peterson, in their official capacities as Lake County Commissioners, and Lake County, a political subdivision of the State of Montana, Defendants and Appellants.
No. 86-114.
Submitted on Briefs May 30, 1986.
Decided Aug. 25, 1986.
724 P.2d 183.
MR. JUSTICE MORRISON filed dissenting opinion.
John Frederick, Co. Atty., Poison, for defendants and appellants.
Robert L. Deschamps, III, Co. Atty., Missoula, for plaintiff and respondent.

Opinion:
MR. JUSTICE GULBRANDSON
delivered the Opinion of the Court.
The Lake County Commissioners and Lake County appeal an order from the Missoula County District Court denying their motion for a change of venue. We reverse and remand with an instruction to the District Court to change the place of trial to the First Judicial District, Lewis and Clark County.
On August 9, 1985, the Missoula County District Court issued an order commanding the Lake County Commissioners within thirty days to pay Missoula County for court expenses Lake County had incurred in Missoula County or to appear and show cause why the payment had not been made.
Lake County responded on September 12, 1985, by petitioning this court for a writ of supervisory control or other appropriate order halting any further action in Missoula County District Court until Missoula County "files a proper pleading in a correct court and commences lawful process." This Court denied the writ as inappropriate at the time.
Missoula County's motion to intervene as plaintiff was granted by the District Court on September 20, 1985, after Lake County failed to appear at the hearing scheduled on the motion. The complaint attached to that motion alleges two claims for relief. The first claim requests a writ of mandamus ordering the Lake County Commissioners to reimburse Missoula County for certain court expenses. The second claim requests damages against Lake County and the Commissioners for breach of an implied contract.
Lake County and the Commissioners then moved for a change of venue which the District Court denied on December 11, 1985. They appeal from the denial of their motion for a change of venue.
Lake County first argues that Section 25-2-126(2), MCA, excludes Missoula County as a proper place for trial. That section states:
"The proper place of trial for an action against a county is that county unless such action is brought by a county, in which case any county not a party thereto is also a proper place of trial."
This language excludes a county which is a plaintiff in the action from being a proper place for trial. Here, Missoula County intervened as a plaintiff in the action and, therefore, is not a proper place for trial.
Missoula County argues that under Section 25-2-125, MCA, it is a proper place of trial for the claims against the Lake County Commissioners and therefore Lake County cannot change venue. Section 25-2-125, MCA, states that "[t]he proper place of trial for an action against a public officer . is the county where the cause or some part thereof arose." In McGrath v. Dore (1978), 177 Mont. 178, 180, 580 P.2d 1385, 1386, this Court held that a mandamus action based on an official's failure to pay wages allegedly due arises in the county "where the public official, whose act the petitioner seeks to compel, resides." Citing Guthrie v. Mont. Dept. of H. and E. Sciences (1977), 172 Mont. 142, 148, 561 P.2d 913, 916, this Court further noted the public official's residence "is at that place where he officially refuses to act or neglects to act." McGrath, 580 P.2d at 1386. Although the statute has been amended, along with the other statutes on venue, since interpreted in McGrath, the revisions have not changed its meaning. Here, the Lake County Commissioners reside in, and refused or neglected to act in, Lake County. Section 25-2-125, MCA, supports Lake County, rather than Missoula County, as the proper place for trial.
Ford v. Mont. Dept. of Fish, Wildlife (Mont. 1984), [208 Mont. 132,] 676 P.2d 207, 209, 41 St.Rep. 220, 222, stated that the general rule enunciated in McGrath and other cases was not absolute and "should not be used to circumvent the goal of providing a forum which is practical and convenient for the plaintiff." This Court's intent in Ford was to allow the private citizen a forum which was not so expensive and remote as to render access impractical. Missoula County is not a private citizen and Lake County is neither so remote nor expensive as to be an impractical forum. Contrary to Missoula County's contention, Ford does not require that venue remain with that county.
Missoula County's reliance on Section 25-2-121, MCA, as establishing that county as a proper place of trial is misplaced. That statute covers the venue rule for actions on a contract and states that the proper place of trial is either the defendant's residence or the county where the contract was to be performed. Where no place of perform anee is specified, the proper place of trial is the county in which the principal activity was to take place, considering the parties' obligations and what is necessarily implied from the contract terms. Subsection 2 establishes venue for specific types of contracts. In this case the action is based on an implied contract, for which the terms and the obligations of the parties are not established. There are no facts from which to determine the principal place of performance of the alleged contract. Section 25-2-121, MCA, offers no assistance in determining the proper place of trial.
Section 25-2-201, MCA, requires the court, on motion, to change the place of trial:
"(1) when the county designated in the complaint is not the proper county;
"(2) when there is reason to believe that an impartial trial cannot be had therein;
"(3) when the convenience of witnesses and the ends of justice would be promoted by the change."
As explained above, there are no grounds for allowing Missoula County, designated in the complaint, to be the place of trial. The question now is where the trial should be held.
Although Lake County and its Commissioners argue that Lake County is a proper place of trial, there are grounds for a reasonable person to believe that an impartial trial cannot be had there any more than in Missoula County. The Missoula County District Court initiated the action against its neighbor, Lake County. The mandamus and contract actions brought by Missoula County allege that district court expenses were paid by Missoula County for transcripts and judicial decisions in cases filed in Lake County. At the times these expenses are claimed to have occurred, Lake County and Missoula County were part of the same judicial district. Considering the nature of this controversy and the parties involved, neither county is a proper place of trial.
Therefore, to permit both parties an impartial trial, the District Court's order is reversed and that court is directed to enter an order changing the place of trial to the First Judicial District, Lewis and Clark County.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE TURNAGE and MR. JUSTICES HARRISON, WEBER, SHEEHY and HUNT concur.