Case Name: COLPITT v. TULL et al.
Court: Oklahoma Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Oklahoma
Decision Date: 1950-07-18
Citations: 204 Okla. 289
Docket Number: No. 33632
Parties: COLPITT v. TULL et al.
Judges: DAVISON, C.J., ARNOLD, V.C.J., and CORN and LUTTRELL, JJ., concur. WELCH, GIBSON, HALLEY, and JOHNSON, JJ., dissent.
Reporter: Oklahoma Reports
Volume: 204
Pages: 289–296

Head Matter:
COLPITT v. TULL et al.
No. 33632.
July 18, 1950.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 20, 1951.
Application for Leave to File Second Petition for Rehearing Denied March 27, 1951.
228 P. 2d 1000.
W. E. Green, J. C. Farmer, Robert L. Woolsey, and Otho Flippo, Tulsa, for plaintiff in error.
A. R. Swank and A. R. Swank, Jr., Stillwater, for defendants in error.

Opinion:
O'NEAL, J.
This is an appeal from a decree canceling, in part, an oil and gas lease covering lots 4 and 5 of the northwest quarter of section 6, township 19 north, range 7 east of the I.M., in Creek county. The decree cancels the oil and gas lease as to all the land, except ten acres (40 rods square) in the northwest corner of said 80-acre tract.
Vida M. Tull and I. A. Tull, wife and husband, are the owners of the surface rights in and to said 80-acre tract of land and an undivided one-half of the oil, gas and other minerals therein, and Mable Dale Potts and Dr. J. R. Potts, wife and husband, are the owners of the other undivided one-half of the mineral rights. C. R. Colpitt was the owner of an oil and gas lease covering said 80-acre tract.
The record shows that on March 2, 1926, Vida M. Tull and I. A. Tull, wife and husband, and George Harlow and Lula Harlow, the then owners of said land and the mineral rights therein, executed and delivered an oil and gas lease to John H. Markham, Jr., covering said land; that Mable Dale Potts and Dr. J. R. Potts thereafter became the owners of the interest of George and Lula Harlow; that through various, intermediate assignments, defendant C. R. Colpitt became the owner of said oil and gas lease. Said lease is on the ordinary 88 form and by its terms was to extend for a period of three years from the 2nd day of March, 1926, and as long thereafter as oil, or gas, or either of them, is produced from said land by lessee, his successor or assigns.
Petition of plaintiffs alleges that defendant forfeited his right to said lease for three reasons:
"(a) The said term of three (3) years from the 2nd day of March, 1926, for which the said lease was to extend unless oil and gas or either of them were produced has expired.
"(b) That during- all of the time from the 2nd day of March, 1926, to and including the 20th day of December, 1946, a period of more than twenty (20) years, only one well has been drilled on said land to a shallow sand found at approximately the depth of 2800 feet to what is known as the Bar-tlesville Sand, and that said well has produced during the entire twenty years period and has paid for itself many times over but that the defendant has failed, refused and neglectd to drill any other or further wells on said eighty acres tract.
"(c) That the defendant has failed, neglected and refused to diligently develop and operate the said lease; that plaintiffs were reasonably entitled to have additional wells drilled on said lease during the time intervening from-the execution of the lease to the present time and also to have deeper sands explored, as well as to have the lines protected by offsetting wells."
The petition further alleges:
"That the plaintiffs for the reasons above stated have verbally notified the defendant that a forfeiture of the said oil and gas mining lease had been declared."
Defendant answered admitting that he was the owner of the oil and gas lease and neither admitting nor denying that plaintiffs were the owners of the land and mineral rights as alleged. The answer further alleged that there have been no offset wells drilled which would drain the land; that there has been and is now production from said lease and there has been such production from the time of the drilling of the first well within the primary term of the lease, and that plaintiffs have been receiving their royalty payments therefrom; that there is no implied obligation to drill any further wells than the one already on the land until it has been shown that there is drainage, or that there are commercial quantities Of oil in the present producing horizon, or others, which have not been explored; that in this connection, from all the scientific and geological data available, there has been no probable belief among oil men that any other well of con sequence could be drilled which would be profitable to defendant from a commercial standpoint, and therefore should have been drilled. The answer then specifically denies that defendant has neglected and refused to diligently operate the said lease, or develop same, and denies that under the circumstances plaintiffs are entitled to additional wells on said lease.
The answer further alleges:
" . . . But in that connection this defendant shows the Court that if this Honorable Court, after hearing the evidence in this case, finds that there should be additional development on this lease, that this defendant is entitled to reasonable time within which to commence such development, before having his lease or any part thereof canceled. And, in that connection shows the Court that this is an 80-acre lease. There is a well on 10 acres that has been producing ever since shortly after the giving of this lease' and the royalty has been paid, and that under any circumstances this defendant is entitled to retain said well site and location, with his valid and subsisting oil and gas well thereon, and that if the Court should believe that additional development should be had, before canceling said lease that a reasonable chance and opportunity should be granted to this defendant to further develop said lease, so as to keep this contract in full force and effect before any forfeiture be worked or declared against this defendant."
Reply was by general denial. Trial to the court resulted in a decree as above stated, and defendant appeals.
Defendant in his answer prays that in the event the trial court, after hearing the evidence, should find there should be additional development on the lease, he be granted "a reasonable chance and opportunity" to further develop the lease. In his testimony he stated that it was his desire to and that he was willing to drill another well on the lease; that some time back he had considered drilling another well on the lease and had talked to a contractor about it. But that is as far as defendant's evidence goes in that regard.
The defendant does not urge consideration of that alleged right either in his original brief or reply brief. He rests his case on the proposition that plaintiff failed to show any right to cancellation, or partial cancellation, either alternatively or peremptorily. Therefore, having failed to urge the proposition in his brief, he waived it and it need not be considered.
There are nine assignments of error presented under three propositions. The first proposition is:
"Although there is an implied covenant to drill such wells as are reasonably necessary it must be affirmatively shown that the drilling of additional wells will be profitable."
The case cited and relied upon by defendant is Hudspeth et al. v. Schmelzer, 182 Okla. 416, 77 P. 2d 1123, wherein it is held:
"The essential requisite of abandonment of an oil and gas mining lease is an intention on the part of the lessee to relinquish his interest in the premises, and the intention is to be determined from the facts and circumstances surrounding each particular case."
That case has no application here for the reason that plaintiffs are not relying upon abandonment for cancellation of the lease. The allegation of the petition upon which the decree is based was that the defendant has failed, neglected and refused to diligently develop and operate said lease. That was the reason for the decree as shown by the statement of the trial court after argument of counsel at the close of the evidence. There the trial court said:
"By the Court: — Plaintiff acquired the land in 1938 and Mr. Colpitt has had the lease for about 9 years. He hasn't diligently undertaken to develop the land under his lease for oil and gas. There's an implied contract to the effect he will develop it with due diligence. . . . He got production in the first well — pretty fair production, and he has been getting production from that one well for many years. He hasn't diligently tried to develop this land under his implied warranty."
The question of abandonment is not in this case.
Under the same proposition defendant asserts that there is nothing in the evidence of plaintiff to show that a reasonably prudent operator would have done more than defendant, Col-pitt, had done; that the rule is that the lessee must do what a reasonably prudent operator would do under like conditions, and that the burden of proof was upon the plaintiff to show that additional wells would have been profitable and that a reasonably prudent operator would have drilled additional wells on the land. Defendant cites Ramsey Petroleum Corporation v. Davis et al., 184 Okla. 155, 85 P. 2d 427, wherein it is held:
"The burden of proving a breach of implied covenants to drill additional oil and gas wells to protect the lease premises from drainage by wells on adjoining lands is on the lessor."
In the opinion it is said:
" . Yet unquestionably the prevailing test in this state is the ordinarily prudent operator standard."
In Doss Oil Royalty Co. v. Texas Co., 192 Okla. 359, 137 P. 2d 934, it is said:
". . . 'the statement that the implied covenant for further operations is limited to cases where there is likelihood of profit to the lessee must be taken in a restricted sense and is not of universal application. It will depend upon the facts and circumstances of the particular case.' The broad rule as to the burden of proof stated in Ramsey Petroleum Co. v. Davis, above, is not to be applied after the lapse of an unreasonable length of time."
In McKenna et al. v. Nichlos et al., 193 Okla. 526, 145 P. 2d 957, Doss Oil Royalty Co. v. Texas Co., supra, is cited, and it is pointed out that it was therein stated:
". . . that while in determining such matter, we would consider the question of the likelihood of profit from further drilling, we would also give weight to other considerations, particularly the length of time which the lessee had held the lease without further development. In other words, after the passage of a reasonable length of time, the duty to drill additional wells becomes progressively greater, and the standard of the prudent operator becomes progressively of less importance in determining whether such duty exists."
Therefore, when there is an unreasonable delay in drilling additional wells plaintiff is not required to prove that additional wells would have been profitable.
In the instant case the trial court pointed out that the oil and gas lease here involved had been in existence approximately 20 years; that the primary term thereof was three years; that within the primary term the lessee got fair production in the first well and had been getting production from that one well for many years. The evidence shows that the one well, drilled some 20 years before this action was commenced, was drilled in the extreme northwest corner of the 80-acre tract 90 feet south of the north line and 90 feet east of the west line, and that no other well had been drilled on the land. The trial court did not in so many words say that 20 years would be an unreasonable delay, but it is clear that the decree was based upon that theory. There was evidence of unnecessary delay sufficient to relieve plaintiffs from the burden of showing that additional wells would have been profitable.
The second proposition is that in order to invoke the doctrine of implied covenant to drill additional wells there must be a demand to fulfill the requirements of the implied covenant, and that lessor cannot maintain an action for the breach thereof unless the lessee has been given reasonable notice to fulfill the requirements. In this case the evidence clearly shows reasonable notice. The record shows that as early as September 29, 1934, plaintiffs wrote the J. H. Markham Oil Company, the then holder of the oil and gas lease, calling attention to the fact that the one well on the land had been producing for six years, and then stating:
" . If your company has no intention of drilling another well, would you be willing to turn back all of the lease with the exception of five acres where the well is located."
On April 15, 1938, plaintiffs wrote defendant, Colpitt, as follows:
"April 15th, 1938
"Mr. C. R. Colpit,
"Collinsville, Okla.
"Dear Sir:
"According to the records you own the well and the major portion of the production on the West 1/2 of Section 6-19-7 East Creek County, Oklahoma. I am interested in getting some further de-velopement (sic) done in this locality, and since you and your associates seem to be satisfied with one well, I thought perhaps you would not mind releasing all but the ten acres where the well is located.
"I will appreciate it very much, if you will take this matter up with Mr. Schoenfeld, and give me an early reply."
On April 21, 1938, defendant, Colpitt, replied to said letter stating in part:
"I am glad to have received your letter, as I am contemplating abandoning a number of wells in that area, and owing to the fact this is a lone well also a very light producer, I do not feel that it hardly justifies operation."
On April 26, 1938, plaintiff Tull again wrote defendant concerning the matter to the effect that since defendant was apparently intending to abandon and plug the well, if defendant would release the full 80 acres, plaintiff would enter into a contract allowing defendant the privilege of plugging the well and removing his equipment at defendant's convenience, and then offering to buy the equipment at second-hand prices.
July 30, 1938, defendant, Colpitt, replied to that letter to the effect that he was not interested in selling the lease. September 10, 1938, plaintiffs, by their counsel, wrote defendant, Col-pitt, as follows:
"September 10, 1938
"Mr. C. R. Colpitt
"Oil Well Supplies
"P. O. Box 175
"Collinsville, Oklahoma
"Dear Sir:
"Since receiving your letter of July 30, I have expected to hear from you further as to whether your associate, j Mr. Schoenfeld is interested in selling this lease. If you have heard from Mr. Schoenfeld I shall appreciate it if you will let me know what conclusion he has come to. The fee owners of this land are anxious to get this settled one way or another.
"If you do not want to sell the lease, including the equipment in the well, then we would like to know, if you are willing to release the lease except as to ten (10) acres around the well. If you are unwilling to make a satisfactory price for the lease, including the well and its equipment; or, if the alternative, are unwilling to release the lease except as to the ten acres around the well, then the fee owners will expect to proceed to cancel the lease except as to the ten acres."
"Please give this letter your prompt attention."
October 16, 1946, plaintiff I. A. Tull wrote defendant as follows:
"Mr. C. R. Colpit
"Collinsville, Okla.
"Dear Sir:
"Since there is considerable activity in the vicinity of 6-19N-7W of Creek County, I would appreciate you and your associates making a release on the W 1/2 of Sec., 6-19N-7W, less the ten acres your well is located on.
"Thanking you for an early reply, I am,
"Yours truly,
"I. A. Tull"
Defendant denies having received the letter of October 16, 1946, but admitted having received all the others. While there is no direct demand to drill or surrender the lease, the letters are such as to show clearly that plaintiffs desired additional development, and that defendant did not think that additional operation would be advisable. It thus appearing that defendant did not think additional drilling to be advisable, counsel for plaintiffs wrote defendant that if defendant was unwilling to sell at a fair price and unwilling to release the land except as to the ten acres around the well, "then the fee owners (plaintiffs) will expect to proceed to cancel the lease except as to the 10 acres". Even then plaintiffs waited for more than eight years before commencing this action. There was suffi--cient notice and request for fulfillment of the implied covenants.
The third proposition, in substance, is that by accepting royalties from the one producing well for ten years and failure to demand further drilling, their mere requesting a release of the lease will be deemed to have waived the right of cancellation.
Defendant cites no case that accepting royalty for any length of time is a waiver of the right to demand cancellation for failure to develop other parts of the land. Plaintiffs did seek cancellation of the lease as to the whole 80 acres. But the decree denied cancellation as to the ten acres within which the well was located. Under principles of equity the trial court denied cancellation as to that ten acres. There was no waiver of the right to demand cancellation as to that part of the lease other than the ten acres surrounding the well.
Affirmed.
DAVISON, C.J., ARNOLD, V.C.J., and CORN and LUTTRELL, JJ., concur. WELCH, GIBSON, HALLEY, and JOHNSON, JJ., dissent.