Case Name: Charles H. Snow, Respondent, v. George Monk and William Gillies, Appellants
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1903-03
Citations: 81 A.D. 206
Docket Number: 
Parties: Charles H. Snow, Respondent, v. George Monk and William Gillies, Appellants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 81
Pages: 206–211

Head Matter:
Charles H. Snow, Respondent, v. George Monk and William Gillies, Appellants.
Specific performance—not decreed where the wall of the building on the lot contracted to be sold encroaches oñ the adjoining lot for a distance of two inches — jurisdiction regained to award damages—what constitutes a submission by the defendant to the jurisdiction of a com t of equity,— an adequate remedy at law should be pleaded—proof as to the extent of the diminution of value by reason of the encroachment.
In an action brought to compel the specific performance of a contract for the exchange of real .property or, if for any reason specific performance could not be had, that the plaintiff be awarded judgment for the amount paid by him upon the contract and for the amount expended in searching the title, it appeared that at the time of the execution and delivery of the contract off exchange the plaintiff paid the defendants 81,000 and. that he expended in addition thereto the sum of 8145 in searching the title; that the examination of the title disclosed that the wall of a building then being erected upon the premises which the defendants contracted to convey encroached upon the adjoining premises for a distance of two inches; that the defendants thereupon attempted to secure from the owner of the adjoining premises a release or agreement permitting the wall to remain, but were unable to do so owing to the fact that there was no one in existence who could execute such a release or agreement.
Held, that the encroachment rendered the title to- the defendants’ premises unmarketable;
That, consequently, the- court would not decree.the specific performance of the contract of exchange, but that, as the defect in the title existed on the date when the contract was made, the court would retain jurisdiction of the action for the purpose of awarding the damages sustained by the plaintiff;
That, as the defendants, in their answer, asked for the specific performance of the contract and that the plaintiff be requited to pay the balance of the ptir chase price, they would be deemed to have voluntarily submitted themselves to the equitable jurisdiction of the court, and could not successfully contend that the court had no power to retain the action for the purpose of awarding damages;
That if the defendants desired to insist that the plaintiff had an adequate remedy at law, they should have averred that fact as a defense.
That evidence offered by the defendants to show to what extent the encroachment diminished the value of the adjoining premises was incompetent.
Appeal by the defendants, George Monk and another, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 8th day of May, 1902, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term.
Henry M. Flateau, for the appellants.
Edward V. Thornall, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Hatch, J.:
This action was brought to compel the specific performance of a contract for the exchange of real property, or, if for any reason specific performance could not be had, that the plaintiff be awarded judgment for the amount paid by him upon the contract and for certain expenses incurred therein in searching the title. It appeared upon the trial that the plaintiff and defendants entered into a contract in writing whereby the defendants agreed to convey to the plaintiff certain property owned by them, known as No. 357 West Fifty-fourth street in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, being a lot twenty-five feet in width by one hundred feet five inches in depth, upon which lot there was in process of erection a five-story brick tenement house .intended to cover the whole width of the lot. In exchange for this property the plaintiff agreed to convey certain lots at Mamaroneck and pay the defendants $4,500 in addition thereto. At the time of the execution and delivery of the contract, the plaintiff paid $1,000 thereon. He has expended in addition thereto in searching the title $145. Upon the examination of the defendants' title to the property contracted to be conveyed, it appeared that the wall of the building then in process of erection upon the lot encroached upon the adjoining premises about two inches. . When this fact came to the knowledge of the plaintiff and objection was made thereto, the defendants sought to procure from the owner of the premises- upon which the wall encroached a release or agreement permitting the wall to rémain. Such property, however, was held in trust during the lives of certain persons- named in the will of the late owner, with remainder over to certain others, dependent upon a contingency. The executors of such will were not vested with any power of sale, and it was, therefore, found impossible for . any one to give a valid release or agreement that the •encroaching wall should remain as erected. The plaintiff thereof ter- made a tender of performance of the contract on his part, and demanded performance upon the' part of the defendants. Compliance not being .made with these demands, the plaintiff brought this action. After a trial the court found the existence of the contract, as averred in the complaint, and further that bn the date agreed upon for the exchange of titles the defendants could not, nor at the close of the trial could they, convey to the plaintiff a good marketable title to the premises, free and clear of incumbrances, ¡saving such for which the contract specifically provided; and thereupon the court awarded judgment in favor of the plaintiff for the amount of -the payment upon the contract, together with the costs and expenses which the plaintiff had incurred, adjudged said amounts to. be a lien upon the property owned by the defendants and directed a sale thereof to satisfy the same, in the event that the amount of the recovery was not otherwise paid or discharged. From this judgment the defendants appeal.
It is insisted by the appellants that the complaint does not set forth a cause of action calling for equitable relief, and that the motion t'o dismiss the same should have been granted by the trial court, or the case held to be an action at law and sent to a jury for trial. The complaint sets up the facts which form the basis for the action, demands judgment that the defendants specifically perform the agreement and convey to the plaintiff said premises, or,, if such relief may not be had, then that the plaintiff recover the sum which lie paid upon the contract, together with the costs and. expenses incurred in connection therewith. It is a general equitable rule that specific pérformancé of a contract to convey real estate will not be granted where in consequence of a defect in the title the vendor is unable to perform, his contract. . The reason for this rule is that such a judgment would operate oppressively upon the vendor while the court would be helpless to enforce any decree which it might make. Prior to the Code, it was held that where the defect in the title arose' subsequent to the execution of the contract, and came into existence without the fault of the vendor, and the parties seeking to enforce specific performance of the contract knew of the defect at the time of the commencement of the action, specific performance would not be decreed, nor would the court retain the action for the purpose of awarding damages. (Morss v. Elmendorf, 11 Paige, 277; Wiswdll v. McGowan, Hoff. Ch. 125.) These cases, however, held that if the defect in the title existed on the date when the contract was made, or if after its making the vendor placed it beyond his power to perform, while the court would not decree specific performance, yet it would retain jurisdiction of the action for the purpose of an assessment of damages. "Under such rule this action can be maintained, for it appears that the defect in this title existed on the date when the contract was made, and the court, therefore, acquired jurisdiction to entertain the action, and while it would not award specific performance it will retain jurisdiction for the purpose of awarding damages. These rules have been modified by the practice which has grown up since the adoption of the Code, and as legal and equitable causes of action are now authorized to be joined, equitable relief may be denied, and the usual course would be to send the issue as to the breach of the contract and for the recovery of damages to a jury for trial. (Haffey v. Lynch, 143 N. Y. 241.) This, however, is not necessary where the defendant in the action entered into his contract at the time when the defect existed. The court will then entertain jurisdiction of the action and retain the same for the purpose of awarding damages.
Aside from this question, however, it appears in the present case that the defendants joined issue upon the complaint without raising any such question. On the contrary, they asked in their answer for a specific performance of the contract, and that they be permitted to recover therein the balance of the purchase price from the plaintiff. The defendants, therefore, voluntarily submitted themselves to the equitable jurisdiction of the court, and under such circum stances the plaintiff will not be turned away empty handed, but the court will retain the case and award such a judgment as the facts require. (Baron v. Korn, 127 N. Y. 224.) Nor can the defendants defeat such result by withdrawing from • the answer the prayer for affirmative equitable relief after ¡going to trial. It was then too late to raise the objection, of to deprive the court of the jurisdiction which it had obtained. Parties, will not be permitted to trifle with the court in this manner. If the defendants desired to insist .that, the plaintiff had an adequate remedy at law, they should have averred such fact as a defense (Town of Mentz v.. Cook, 108 N. Y. 504), otherwise the court will entertain jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the action. (Ostrander v. Weber, 114 N. Y. 95.) The court, therefore, properly entertained the action and rendered the proper judgment, if it may be otherwise sustained.
It was established as a fact that there was an encroachment which substantially affected the marketable character of this property.. The defendants recognized that such encroachment existed, and tried to remedy the defect, but failed in the attempt. The encroachment itself constituted a substantial objection and renders the title unmarketable within the authorities. Under such circumstances, the plaintiff was not bound to accept it. (Moore v. Williams, 115 N. Y. 586; Irving v. Campbell, 121 id. 353.)
The defendants rely upon MacDonald, v. Bach (51 App. Div. 549), where this court held that an encroachment of three-quarters of an inch under the circumstances of that case did not constitute a defect in the title. That case is clearly distinguishable from the present. Therein the adjoining owner of the premises had erected an independent wall which abutted on the encroaching wall .under such circumstances as indicated a design upon his part practically to. locate the boundary line between the two pieces of property. In the conveyance the property was described by metes and bounds and the language added,, "be the said several dimensions more or less." The proof in the case showed that the court would have been justified in finding that there was no encroachment at all. These considerations, in connection with the practical location of the line by the adjoining owner, were held to make a doubtful encroachment of three-quarters of an inch insufficient to constitute a defect.. In the present case the court was justified in finding that the encroachment was substantial. It was recognized by the parties as existing; there has been no practical location of the line, and while there is variance in the testimony of the surveyors yet the fact of the encroachment exists, and is such as renders this title unmarketable. (Stevenson v. Fox, 40 App. Div. 354; affd. 167 N. Y. 599; Wilhelm v. Federgreen, 2 App. Div. 483; affd., on opinion below, 157 N. Y. 713.) The doctrine of these cases is to the effect that a purchaser is entitled to have the walls of the building upon the lot which he has purchased stand completely upon the land conveyed. This the'' defendants did not have. The evidence which was offered tending to show in what amount the adjoining premises were diminished in value by reason of the alleged encroachment was properly rejected. It was entirely irrelevant to any issue presented in the case. The encroachment being • established, to what extent it diminished the value of the adjoining property is of no consequence, where it appears that such encroachment renders the title unmarketable. For has the Statute of Limitations provided in section 1499 of the-Code of Civil Procedure created a bar to the maintenance of this action. Less than ten months have elapsed between the completion, of the wall, the breach by the defendants of their contract, and the commencement of this action, so that the time has not run. In addition to this,, the adjoining property is held in trust for an outstanding life, with remainder over to the children of testator's brothers and sisters. These remaindermen are not entitled to the possession, and at this time they have no right to enter, nor will they have until the termination of the life estate; consequently as to them the statute has not begun to run, nor will it commence until their right of entry accrues. (Jackson v. Mancius, 2 Wend. 357; Thompson v. Simpson, 128 N. Y. 270.)
It follows from these views that the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
O'Brien, McLaughlin and Laughlin, JJ., concurred.