Case Name: United States v. Evans
Court: United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1830-12
Citations: 4 Cranch 105
Docket Number: 
Parties: United States v. Evans.
Judges: (Ti-iruston, J., absent,)
Reporter: Reports of cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (District of Columbia - reported by Mackey)
Volume: 4
Pages: 105–106

Head Matter:
United States v. Evans.
The penalty for keeping a faro-tahle in a place occupied as a tavern, contrary to the Maryland Act of 1797, c. 110, may he recovered by indictment.
The defendant was convicted upon an indictment for keeping a faro-table at a place occupied as a tavern, contrary to the Maryland Act of 1797, c. 110.
Mr. Dandridge, for the defendant,
moved in arrest of judgment, and contended that the verdict does not authorize the Court to give judgment for the penalty ; but only creates a' cause ■ of action in favor of any one who will sue upon that verdict for the penalty. The second section of that act says, “ on pain of forfeiting, for every offence, the sum of fifty pounds, upon conviction thereof by indictment or confession in the county court.”
The fifth section says, that “ one moiety of the forfeiture accruing or becoming due under this act, shall be applied to the use of the county, and the other moiety to the person or persons who shall sue for the same.”
By the Act of Congress of the 3d of March, 1801, [2 Stat. at Large, 115,] Burch’s Dig. 233, it is enacted, “ that all fines, penalties, and forfeitures, accruing under the laws of the States of Maryland and Virginia, which by adoption have become the laws of this district, shall be recovered, with costs, by indictment, or information in the name of the United States, or by action of debt in the name of the United States and of the informer ; one half of which fines shall accrue to the United States, and the other half to the informer,” &c.
Mr. Dandridge, cited The Commonwealth v. Richards, Virginia Cases, 133, in which case it was decided, by the general court, that the forfeiture of '¡$150, declared by the Act of 1797, c. 2, § 3, cannot be recovered for the use of the Commonwealth by information ; the forfeiture being given “ to the person who will sue for the same.” Rex v. Luckup, 2 Strange, 1048, that upon a conviction under the 9 Anne, c. 14, for cheating at play, the Court could not give judgment for five times the value of the thing won; the act having provided that the penalty should be recovered by action “by such person as will sue for the same.” Stat. 30, Geo. 1, ,c. 24.

Opinion:
The Court
(Ti-iruston, J., absent,)
overruled the motion in arrest of judgment; because the forfeiture accrues upon the conviction, and the conviction is to be by indictment, according to the express words of the Act of Maryland of T797, c. 110, as well as by the Act of Congress of the 3d of March, 1801,, [2 Stat. at Large, 115.] No other mode of recovering the penalty is given by either of those statutes; and the practice has been, uniformly, both in Maryland arid in this district, to render judgment for the.penalty, upon conviction upon indictment under that statute.
The counsel for the defendant contended, that, as half of the penalty was, by the statute of Maryland, to be applied to the use of- the cbunty, and the other half to the person who should prosecute .and. sue for the same ; the penalty could only be recovered by an action of debt by the informer and the United Slates.
But the statutes upon which the cases which were cited by the defendant's counsel, were decided, prescribed the mode of recovery to be by any person who will sue for the same. ' Such is also-.the provision of the Test Act, 25 c. 2, ch. 2, §5, upon which the information was founded in the ease of Story v. Pleasaunce, 1 Lutw. 159.
Motion overruled. See also United States v. Simms, 1 Cranch, 252.