Case Name: SOUTHERN UNDERWRITERS v. YOCHAM
Court: Texas Courts of Civil Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1940-03-28
Citations: 140 S.W.2d 341
Docket Number: No. 3931
Parties: SOUTHERN UNDERWRITERS v. YOCHAM.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 140
Pages: 341–346

Head Matter:
SOUTHERN UNDERWRITERS v. YOCHAM.
No. 3931.
Court of Civil Appeals of Texas. El Paso.
March 28, 1940.
Rehearing Denied May 16, 1940.
Claude Williams, Henry D. Akin, and Benbow, Saunders & Holliday, all of Dallas, for plaintiff in error.
Kerr & Gayer, of San Angelo, Roy R. Priest, of Rankin, and Douglas Newton, of Del Rio, for defendant in error.

Opinion:
PRICE, Chief Justice.
This suit was filed in the District Court of Val Verde County, by Grover Yocham, as plaintiff, against the Southern Underwriters, as defendant. The purpose of the action was to set aside a previous award of the Industrial Accident Board oru a claim for compensation filed by the plaintiff, wherein the defendant was the insurance carrier, and to recover compensation. The trial was by jury, the sub-" mission on special issues. On the verdict a judgment was entered against the insurance carrier in the sum of $4,760. Motion .for a new trial was filed in due time and overruled. Defendant in the suit duly perfected writ of error, and the case is properly before the court for review.
The parties, for convenience, will bear the designation here borne in the District Court.
The following facts are undisputed under the evidence: Plaintiff was employed as a truck driver by the Lone Star Trucking Company, and on the date of the alleged injury his employer carried a policy of workmen's compensation insurance issued by the defendant covering plaintiff as an employee.
On the 23rd day of March, 1937, plaintiff, while acting in the scope of his employment, was driving a truck for his employer, and there was an accidental collision between the truck driven by plaintiff and a truck or motor vehicle driven by another. In this collision plaintiff alleged he sustained the injuries for which compensa tion was sought. Established by the verdict are the following facts: That as a result of such collision plaintiff did sustain personal injuries; that as a result of such injuries total permanent incapacity was suffered by plaintiff; that plaintiff was entitled to a lump sum settlement for the compensation due him under the law; that plaintiff's compensation should be based on an average daily wage of $4.50 per day. The verdict found all material issues as raised by the pleadings and evidence in favor of the plaintiff. In all particulars the verdict is supported by the evidence, and we find the facts in accordance therewith.
In this case there is as a whole no serious or unsettled legal propositions involved. Submission was on seventeen issues with appropriate supporting issues; appropriate explanations and definitions were given by the trial court.
Defendant's exceptions to the charge occupied some thirty pages of the transcript. The motion for a new trial urged some ninety-nine grounds of error and takes up approximately fifty pages of the transcript. We shall not burden this opinion by setting forth the substance of the objections to the court's charge. Suffice it to say, they are in all substantial particulars of the same character and nature as those commented upon in the opinion in the case of Federal Underwriters Exchange v. Walker, Tex.Civ.App., 134 S.W.2d 388. Here they merit the same condemnations as were there given. Inherently and intrinsically they evince a studied effort to conceal from the trial judge any merit therein, thus seeking to inject reversible error in the case.
Defendant, by a plea sworn to as to the best of the knowledge and belief of its agent, challenged the jurisdiction of the court. Regardless of the sufficiency of this verification, the basis of the contention seems to be that the award of the Industrial Accident Board inherently shows that it was not a final award; further, that it was not affirmatively shown there was more than $500 involved. The award recites that it was made by the Board on July 7, 1937, after due notice, and it was ordered that Southern Underwriters pay Grover Yocham $13.85 per week for an indefinite period in the future, not exceeding fifty-two consecutive weeks from 'March 23, 1937, unless changed by subsequent award of the Board.
It is the amount claimed in the petition seeking to set aside the award that in respect to amount determines jurisdiction. Booth v. Texas Employers' Ins. Ass'n, Tex.Com.App., 123 S.W.2d 322.
The award in question here is a final one and sufficient basis for the suit to set same aside. Middlebrook v. Texas Indemnity Ins. Co., Tex.Civ.App., 112 S.W.2d 311, Supreme Court, 131 Tex. 163, 114 S.W.2d 226; Traders & General Ins. Co. v. Baker, Tex.Civ.App., 111 S.W.2d 837.
The copy of award as certified was admissible in evidence. Federal Underwriters Exchange v. Guest, Tex.Civ.App., 129 S.W.2d 708; Federal Underwriters Exchange v. Ener, Tex.Civ.App., 126 S.W.2d 769.
It is urged that plaintiff failed to show that defendant was a legal entity subject to being sued under the name of Southern Underwriters. Defendant appeared under that name and defended; it has filed a bond herein under that name. There is no merit in - this contention. Beyond the shadow of a doubt, defendant was insurance carrier of plaintiff's employer.
Special issue number one was as follows : "Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that the truck collision between the truck operated by plaintiff, Grover Yocham, and the panel truck that collided with it in Val Verde County, on or about the 23rd day of March, 1937, caused injuries to the plaintiff, Grover Yocham?"
The jury found the affirmative to this issue.
Defendant urged exception thereto, as follows: "The issue is too general, vague, indefinite and uncertain, and does not confine the jury's determination and deliberation to the particular type and character of injuries contained in the plaintiff's petition, and upon which there is proof, but permits the jury to speculate and go outside of the realm of the testimony and pleadings in this case."
This was not the only exception urged to issue No. 1. It appears among a number of other exceptions urged to this issue. In the statement here these additional grounds of objection urged are not set forth. They are as follows :
"(a) There is no evidence to support the submission of such issue to the jury;
"(b) There are no proper pleadings to support the submission of such issue to the jury;
"(c) The evidence is insufficient to support the submission of such issue to the jury;
"(d) The issue is multifarious and duplicitous and submits more than one fact issue in one special issue;
"(f) The issue is on the weight of the evidence in that it assumes that the collision did result in injuries to the plaintiff, Grover Yocham, and this is a controverted issue of fact.
"(g) . The defendant makes the same objections to this issue as are contained in paragraph four above, without the necessity of repeating the same at this point."
Each of the special issues submitted by the court are assailed on substantially the same grounds as urged to No. 1, omitting the objection first copied above, as same appears in the submission under the proposition under consideration.
It is to be first noted that the objection fails to point out any injuries alleged as to which there is a failure of proof. In this respect it lacks certainty and clarity. In the statement the defendant is more explicit than in the objection made in the trial court. The statement endeavors to point out for this court injuries alleged, but unsustained by the proof. A careful study of the statement of facts leads us to the conclusion that there was some evidence of all of the injuries alleged by plaintiff. Under the evidence, if plaintiff sustained any injuries resulting in incapacity, they were the result of the collision between the two motor vehicles. The issue limits the injuries inquired about to those received in the collision on the 23rd day of March, 1937. This collision certainly occurred, and its nature and violence were such as to almost inevitably result in personal injury to plaintiff. In the cases of Security Mutual Casualty Co. v. Bolton, Tex.Civ.App., 84 S.W.2d 552, Traders' & General Ins. Co. v. Low, Tex.Civ.App. 74 S.W.2d 122, and Casualty Underwriters v. Lemons, Tex.Civ.App., 114 S.W.2d 333, cited by plaintiff in error in support of this assignment, the manner of the infliction of the injury was in question, as well as the nature thereof. The ordinary result of lifting sacks is not a damage to the physical structure of the body, and, the natural result of the diseased heart may have caused the death. Carbon black does-not necessarily result in serious eye injury. Gouging in the eye might cause a dangerous and disastrous infection. The death might or might not have been caused from inhaling carbon monoxide gas. In each of the above cases there was a result which might not have been brought-about by the cause attributed in the pleading.
The question raised by the assignment has been before the courts many times, and the decisions have not in all cases been harmonious. In Southern Underwriters v. Kelly, Tex.Civ.App., 110 S.W.2d 153, the almost identical objection here urged was urged to practically the same issue. It was there held such objections were insufficient to call the trial court's attention to the error claimed. A number of authorities are cited on this point in the opinion. Application for a writ of error was dismissed by the Supreme Court.
But, as we have before stated, the only injuries under the evidence before the jury were the injuries sustained in the collision. The issue confines the jury to a consideration thereof under the evidence. All of the injuries pleaded by plaintiff were confined to the collision. Plaintiff never sought to show any other injuries. There was some evidence sustaining all of the injuries pleaded by plaintiff. After all, the ultimate issues were, Did plaintiff receive personal injuries of the kind alleged in the manner alleged, and the effect of such injuries on his capacity to labor?
In Associated Indemnity Corp'n v. Baker, Tex.Civ.App., 76 S.W.2d 153, a submission substantially in the manner of the submission here was held harmless error. Application for writ of error was dismissed by the Supreme Court.
While we do not think the issue was perfect in form, we are of the opinion that the defendant was in no way harmed thereby. We further hold that the objections, as made, were insufficient under Article 2185 to clearly call the court's attention to defendant's ground of complaint. The assignments are overruled.
Under Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, complaint is made as to the manner of submission of the basis of compensation and the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the finding of the jury thereon. Under the undisputed evidence plaintiff had not been employed for substantially one year preceding the injury by his then employer, or by another -employer in a like class of work. Issue No. 12 was as follows: "Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that there were employees of the same class as plaintiff, Grover Yocham, working substantially the whole of the year immediately preceding March 23, 1937?"
The response was in the affirmative.
Special Issue No. 14 was as follows: '"What do you find, from a preponderance of the evidence, was the average daily wage of the employees, if any, inquired about in Special Issue No. 12?"
To Special Issue No. 12 the defendant interposed the objections as indicated herein to Special Issue No. 1. Objection (c), however, varied a little from type. It was as follows: "(c) The issue is improper under Sub-section 2, Section 1, Article 8309, since it does not follow the terms of said law and comply with the provisions of said law, with reference to the necessary elements set out and contained in said Section and Article of the Statute, and therefore is not a proper inquiry to be made of the jury in this case. 'The defendant further says that said issue is erroneous in that the plaintiff has failed to negative the terms of Sub-section 1, Article 8309, and therefore Sub-section 2 has no application in this case."
In substance defendant's seventh proposition asserts that there is no basis in the verdict upon which compensation could be awarded, because there was no additional finding (under No. 12) that such work was done in the same or in a similar employment in the same or a neighboring place. If defendant's objection to the trial court had been as clear and specific as his proposition here, we feel sure that the trial court would have eliminated the necessity for the proposition. The objection fails to specifically point out the ground of complaint. Even though defendant's vagueness was inadvertent, the objection is nevertheless insufficient. Walker v. Haley, 110 Tex. 50, 214 S.W. 295; Ford Motor Co. v. Maddin, 124 Tex. 131, 76 S.W.2d 474; Isbell v. Lennox, 116 Tex. 522, 523, 295 S.W. 920; Federal Underwriters v. Walker, supra.
Issue No. 12 was an attempt to submit an ultimate issue. It comprehended a material part of the ultimate issue as to the matter to which it related. It may be -a defective submission, but such a submission- is not a failure to submit. If this be correct, the judgment entered in harmony therewith was justified. Wichita Falls & Oklahoma Ry. Co. v. Pepper, Tex.Sup., 135 S.W.2d 79.
We have carefully read the statement of facts in relation to issues 12 and 14, and deem the evidence ample to justify the findings thereon. A recital and .review of the evidence would unduly lengthen this opinion.
One other matter in this connection should, perhaps, be briefly discussed. Plaintiff pleaded an average daily wage rate of $4 per day. The finding of the jury was an average daily wage of $4.50 per day. Judgment was entered on a basis of an average wage of $4. Before entry of judgment plaintiff filed a remitti-tur for the excess above his pleading. Defendant was clearly not injured thereby, and. hence not entitled to complain thereof. Federal Underwriters v. Cost, Tex.Com.App., 123 S.W.2d 332, loc. cit. page 336.
Assignments not discussed have been considered and overruled.
This case was fairly and ably tried, despite the many difficulties presented to the trial judge. The verdict is sustained by the evidence. No reversible error appears in the record, and the case is affirmed.