Case Name: Matter of the Judicial Settlement of the Estate of Julia M. Norton, Deceased
Court: New York Surrogate's Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1900-07
Citations: 1 Mills Surr. 590
Docket Number: 
Parties: Matter of the Judicial Settlement of the Estate of Julia M. Norton, Deceased.
Judges: 
Reporter: Mills' Surrogate's Reports
Volume: 1
Pages: 590–595

Head Matter:
Matter of the Judicial Settlement of the Estate of Julia M. Norton, Deceased.
(Surrogate’s Court, Cattaraugus County
Filed July, 1900.)
Foreign Judgment — Presumption of Jurisdiction — Transcript of Judgment of Inferior Foreign Court Dockpted in Court of General Jurisdiction — Inquiry into Jurisdiction,
Where a foreign statute declares that where a transcript of a judgment of an Alderman’s Court, a court of limited jurisdiction, is filed in the office of the prothonotary of the county, the judgment docketed thereon shall have the force and effect of a judgment of the Court of Common Pleas, a court of general jurisdiction, and no statute or decision of the foreign State is produced showing what presumption attaches in that State to a judgment docketed under that statute, a court of the State of New York must presume that jurisdiction of the person existed by virtue of the docket of the judgment in the Court of Common Pleas, although the return of the constable, who served the summons in the Alderman’s Court, fails to show such jurisdiction; and hence, the burden is upon one, representing the estate of the debtor since deceased, and who resists payment of the judgment, to show affirmatively that such jurisdiction did <not exist.
This he may do, notwithstanding the constitutional provision that full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of any other State.
Judicial settlement of administrator’s account.
G. W. Cole, for administrator; W. R. Pinder, for creditor.

Opinion:
Davie, S.
The only controversy upon this accounting relates to the claim of Theresa L. Knapp against the estate arising out of the following facts:
On September 28, 1891, the claimant recovered a judgment against the decedent for $209.71 and $5.53 costs before an alderman of the city of Bradford, Pennsylvania, and now seeks to enforce the same against the representative of the estate. The validity of this judgment is controverted by the administrator on the ground that the court rendering the same acquired no jurisdiction of the person of the defendant.
The parties have duly stipulated pursuant to the provisions of section 1822 of the Code of Civil Procedure that this claim might be heard and determined on judicial settlement.
It appears from the evidence that under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania the transcript of a judgment rendered by an alderman may be filed in the office of the prothonotary of the county, and, that the judgment docketed thereon shall thereafter be and have all the force and effect of a judgment originally obtained in the Court of Common Pleas, an Alderman's Court being one of limited jurisdiction and the Common Pleas one of record and of general jurisdiction. The summons on which this judgment was rendered was not personally served and the recitals in the record fail to show affirmatively that the court had acquired jurisdiction by substituted service in the manner authorized by the laws of that State; the proof presented by the claimant supplemental to the record is unsatisfactory, but it is asserted that such defect in the affirmative proof is remedied by the well-established presumption in favor of the jurisdiction of courts of general jurisdiction. Is such presumption operative here, this judgment having been originally rendered by a court of limited jurisdiction ? The statute of the State of Pennsylvania provides that a summons issued by a justice or alderman shall be served on the defendant by a constable " by producing the original summons to and informing him of the contents thereof or leaving a copy of it at his dwelling-house in the presence of one or more of his family or neighbors at least five days before the hearing." The proof of service contained in the exemplified record of the judgment is as follows: " Returned on oath —served the within writ of summons Sept. 23rd, 1891, upon Mrs. J. M. Norton, the within-named Deft., by leaving a true and attested copy of the original at her dwelling-house in presence of an adult member of her family; Tadder C." While the term " Tadder C." is not very lucid from a legal standpoint, yet it does not require a very vigorous exercise of the imagination to construe it is meaning " Tadder Constable "; but the serious defect in the return is that it fails to show where the alleged dwelling-house of defendant was, or whether such dwelling-house was within the territorial jurisdiction of the alderman. Is this defect cured by the presumption referred to ? No Pennsylvania statute or decision is produced showing what presumption attaches to a judgment docketed under the provisions of the statute cited, but it seems to be conceded by both parties that this question should be determined in accordance with the laws and decisions of the State of New York. The rule is well settled in this State that where courts of general jurisdiction have assumed to act it will be presumed, until the contrary is affirmatively shown, that they had jurisdiction •of the person and subject-matter, while courts of limited jurisdiction are bound to show affirmatively the facts giving jurisdiction. Harrington v. People, 6 Barb. 607-610; Manning v. Johnson, 7 id. 457; Sheldon v. Wright, 5 N. Y. 497-511; Turner v. Roby, 3 id. 193.
Under the cases cited, it is apparent that no presumption of jurisdiction could be indulged in favor of the judgment while it remained one of the Alderman's Court. Does the docket of this judgment in the Common Pleas relieve it of its disability in this particular and entitle it to all the presumption that would have attached had it been originally obtained in the Court of Common Pleas % The counsel for the administrator urges with considerable force that the purpose of the statute in permitting the filing of the transcript and docketing judgment thereon was to afford to the judgment creditor additional remedies for the enforcement of his claim, but that it was not the intention of the legislature to modify the inherent qualities of the judgment of an inferior court by giving it, in consequence of the purely clerical process of docketing on transcript without the exercise of any judicial function the standing and dignity of a judgment of a court of general jurisdieton. It might be easy to adopt this theory were it not for the plain, unequivocal phraseology of the Pennsylvania statute referred to. It was undoubtedly competent for the legislature to give such effect to the act of filing transcript and docketing judgment in the Court of Common Pleas as it deemed proper, and such effect is clearly defined by the statute which provides: " Such judgment shall thereafter he and have all the force and effect of a judgment originally obtained in the Court of Common Pleas of said county." In view of the language of this statute, the construction would be unwarranted to hold that the judgment had become one of a court of record for certain purposes, but not for others; that it had been transformed into a judgment of the Common Pleas for the purpose of enforcing collection, but not for the purpose of unholding its validity by the presumption attaching to the original judgments of that court. I am clearly of the opinion that when this judgment became one of the Common Pleas by compliance with the statute relating to filing a transcript it became entitled to all presumptions of jurisdiction as fully as if it had been originally rendered in that court. This conclusion imposes upon the administrator the burden of showing affirmatively that such jurisdiction did not exist. The presumption referred to is not conclusive. Even the recitals of jurisdictional facts contained in the record may be rebutted. The judgment of a court of another State has no force or effect in this State unless the court rendering the same had acquired jurisdiction of the subject-matter and the person. Want of jurisdiction may always be shown. Kerr v. Kerr, 41 N. Y. 272; Windsor v. McVeigh, 93 U. S. 274.
The constitutional provision that full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of any other State, does not preclude an inquiry into the question of jurisdiction. Pennywit v. Foote, 22 Am. Rep. 340; Hunt v. Hunt, 72 N. Y. 217.
On the part of the administrator it is claimed that the alleged substituted service by leaving a copy of the summons at the dwelling-house of defendant was invalid for the reason that at the time of such service defendant, in fact, had no dwelling-house in the city of Bradford, or in the State of Pennsylvania. It appears from the evidence that for some time prior to the issuing of the summons the decedent had resided in Bradford, and as a tenant had occupied a dwelling belonging to the claimant. Being in arrears in payment of rent, the claimant had caused to- be issued a process under the laws of that State whereby substantially all of the household goods and effects of the decedent had been seized and sold, such seizure and sale terminating the tenancy. The decedent being thereby deprived of the means of maintaining a dwelling for herself and family, went to reside with a son in the State of Hew York. Such seizure, sale and removal from the city of Bradford were prior to the date of the alleged service. At the time of such service decedent had gone from Bradford with the intention of residing elsewhere. She, in fact, had no dwelling-house in the State of Pennsylvania at that time. The constable Tadder was called as a witness by the claimant, and on cross-examination testified as follows: " Q. Did you serve the summons? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did you return that you served the summons by leaving a copy at the dwelling-house? A. I don't know; I never saw it. I have never.seen it from that day to this; might have been by copy, might have been by personal service. Q. You can't tell whether you served it personally or by leaving a copy? A. Ho. Q. Hor if you left a copy whom you left it with? A. Ho. Q. You couldn't tell how you served it? A. Ho, sir. Q. Can you remember anything about the circumstances of the service ? A. Ho, I could not. Q. Do you know or have you any personal knowledge of where Mrs. Horton was at the time you served the summons ? A. Ho."
This witness also testified that he told the attorney for the administrator that the house where the defendant lived was on Webster street, in the city of Bradford, and that there was a thin partition running between the part occupied by the decedent as a boarding-house and the other party occupied by Mrs. Hughes as a grocery, and that Mrs. Hughes would remember the facts relating to the service. ' Mrs. Hughes- was called and sworn as a witness on behalf of the administrator. She testified that she remembered the circumstances of the service of the summons; that Mrs. Horton had lived in the house immediately joining hers, but that the two- places were in no way connected; that the copy of the summons was left with her, and that prior to that Mrs. Horton had left Bradford and gone to her son's at State Line to reside. She refreshes her recollection as to the particular date of Mrs. Horton's leaving by having purchased certain articles of the decedent the day she went and giving her credit upon her books on the same day for the purchase price. Her books being produced in court, showed the date of such purchase and credit to be September twenty-first.
The substituted service by leaving copy of summons at what was assumed to be, but what in fact was not, the dwelling-house of the defendant, was entirely insufficient to confer jurisdiction. Consequently, as no proof has been made as to the merits of the original demand aside from the record of the judgment itself, the claim must be disallowed.
A decree will be accordingly entered.
Decreed accordingly.