Case Name: MARKS et al. v. FOREMAN
Court: Oklahoma Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Oklahoma
Decision Date: 1917-10-09
Citations: 67 Okla. 13
Docket Number: No. 6118
Parties: MARKS et al. v. FOREMAN.
Judges: All the Justices concur except KANE, THACKER, and MILEY, JJ„ who dissent.
Reporter: Oklahoma Reports
Volume: 67
Pages: 13–14

Head Matter:
MARKS et al. v. FOREMAN.
No. 6118
Opinion Filed Oct. 9, 1917.
(168 Pac. 237.)
(Syllabus.)
1. Evidence — Hearsay—Enrollment Records.
In cases involving the validity of conveyances of lands allotted to a- Creek freedman, made prior to the taking effect of Act Cong. May 27, 1908, c. 199, 35'St. at L. 312, where there are living witnesses in court who testify to the age of the allottee, the enrollment records of the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes as to the age of such allottee are hearsay and inadmissible.
2. Appeal amd Error — Harmless Error — Admission of Evidence.
Where there was a conflict in the evidence as to the age of a Creek freedman 'who had executed a conveyance of his allotted land prior to the taking effect of the act of Congress of May 27, 1908, and the enrollment records of the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes were admitted in evidence over objection, and it appears probable that the verdict of the jury and the judgment of the court were influenced thereby, the cause will be reversed.
Kane, Thacker, and Miley, J.T., dissenting.
Error from District Court, Washington County: R. H. Hudson, Judge.
Action by Zachariah Foreman against D. W. Marks and others. Judgment for plaintiff, and defendants bring error.
Reversed, and cause remanded for new trial.
Sherman. Veasey & O’Meara, for plaintiffs in error.
B. Robitaille and B. T. Hainer, for defendant in error.

Opinion:
HARDY, J.
Zachariah Foreman, a Greek freedman, commenced this action to recover possession of certain land .which had been allotted to him and which he alleged had been wrongfully withheld by defendants, and for damages. Defendants answered, setting out title in themselves through a certain deed executed by plaintiff to defendant D. W. Mark, dated March 30, 1905.
The only issue submitted to the jury was whether plaintiff was 21 years of age when the deed to Marks was executed. To the interrogatory submitting this' question the jury answered, "No." Over objection ttie-court admitted in evidence the enrollment records of the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, consisting of the testimony of Robert Laflace, uncle of plaintiff, taken at the time of his enrollment, also the findings of the Commission and the census card, from which it appeared that plaintiff was a minor upon the date that the deed to Marks was executed. The admission of this evidence is assigned as error, and this is the sole reason urged for the reversal of this cause. The deed in question was executed before the passage of the act of Congress of May 27( 1908, and the evidence, was not competent to prove the ago of plaintiff under the' circumstances of this case. Perkins v. Baker, 41 Okla. 288, 137 Pac. 661; Grayson et al. v. Durant, 43 Okla. 799, 144 Pac. 592; Smith v. Bell, 44 Okla. 370, 144 Pac. 1058; Harris v. Hart, 49 Okla. 143, 151 Pac. 1038. Because the jury returned a special verdict, it is urged that the finding made by them was merely advisory to the court, -who made findings of fact and specifically found that plaintiff was. .a minor on March 30, 1905, which finding is 'supported by the evidence, and that under the well-settled rules of this court the finding by the court should not be disturbed. Plaintiff testified as to his own age, stating (hat. he was under 21 years of age on the date of the deed, and in this he 'was corroborated by the testimony of the. midwife who attended at his birth, but the testimony of tlie midwife was considerably shaken .upon cross-examination. Defendants offered testimony as to the size and general appearance of plaintiff at the' time, and also proved statements made by plaintiff: and' his father at various, times, -from which it would appear that he. was an adult on the date that sai4 deed was executed. Thus there was a substantial conflict in the evidence, and it is highly probable that the jury was influenced in arriving at their verdict'by a consideration of the evidence complained of." Under these circumstances the error is not harmless._ Meek v. Daugherty, 21 Okla. 859, 79 Pac. 557; Brison et al. v. McKellop, 41 Okla. 374. 138 Pac. 154: Harris v. Hart, 49 Okla. 143, 151 Pac. 1038: Guthrie v. Mitchell, 38 Okla. 55, 132 Pac. 138.
The court, having held the evidence competent and permitted the same to be considered by the jiu;y, undoubtedly considered it when making ]iis findings. ' We say this because the court instructed the jury that, while these records were not conclusive upon the point at issue, they could be considered by them in connection with the other evidence. Having held the evidence competent, and refused to strike it out, the court undoubtedly considered it when making his findings. This being true, its admission was prejudicial. Kennedy v. Pawnee Trust Co., 34 Okla. 140, 126 Pac. 548; Ins. Co. of North America v. Cochran, 59 Okla. 200, 159 Pac. 247.
The deed was executed after the lands were selected in allotment in pursuance of an agreement so to do made before the selection. This agreement was void, and could not have been enforced against plaintiff. Lynch et al. v. Franklin, 37 Okla. 60, 130 Pac. 599; McKeever v. Carter, 53 Okla. 360, 157 Pac. 56; Franklin v. Lynch, 233 U. S. 269, 34 Sup. Ct. 505, 58 L. Ed. 954.
After the lands were selected, if plaintiff were an adult, there was no statute ' which would prohibit a sale thereof 'by him, as all restrictions against the alienation thereof were removed by Act of Cong. April 21, 1904, e. 1402, 33 Stat. 189. Neither would the provisions of Act Cong. April 26, 1906, e. 1876, § 19, 34 Stat. 144, render the deed void because that act was not retroactive and did not apply to conveyances' executed before its passage and approval. Casey v. Bingham, 37 Okla. 484, 132 Pac. 663.
The one vital point at issue being whether plaintiff was a minor when he executed the deed to Marks, and the testimony complained of being directed to that issue, and its consideration having undoubtedly influeced both the jury and the court, the judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial.
All the Justices concur except KANE, THACKER, and MILEY, JJ" who dissent.