Case Name: The People of the State of New York ex rel. Henry C. Connelly, Relator, v. Michael A. Reis, as Assessor of the City of Kingston, N. Y., and Others, Respondents
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1905-11
Citations: 109 A.D. 748
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People of the State of New York ex rel. Henry C. Connelly, Relator, v. Michael A. Reis, as Assessor of the City of Kingston, N. Y., and Others, Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 109
Pages: 748–754

Head Matter:
The People of the State of New York ex rel. Henry C. Connelly, Relator, v. Michael A. Reis, as Assessor of the City of Kingston, N. Y., and Others, Respondents.
Third Department,
November, 1905.
Municipal corporations — Certiorari to review assessment for sewer — erroneous assessment by-“foot front.”
The court, in reviewing an assessment on common-law certiorari, will ascertain from the whole record whether the relator’s property was fairly and justly assessed in comparison with other property, and if not so assessed .will annul, the assessment.
It is error for an assessor, in assessing the cost of a system of sewers against lands in proportion to the benefits received, to levy the same “foot front” assessment against lands with a large frontage, hut containing, a.single dwelling house, as is levied against other real estate constituting the business portion of the city, and which, per' foot front, has greater need for and receives greater benefit from such sewers.
It is also' error to assess a lot.having a frontage on three streets respectively of 198 feet,' 332 feet and 240 feet, by dividing it into three lots and assessing one as 198 feet with 100 foot depth, another as 240 feet with 100 foot depth, and a third as 132 feet with a depth of 332 feet, making in all a foot frontage of 070 feet, when, by- comparison with other property similarly situated, such assessment is disproportionate.
It is also error, in malting such assessment, to omit from the assessment other property in the assessment district, including property belonging to the city liable to assessment, thus imposing a greater burden, on the lands assessed.
Cebtiobabi issued out of the Supreme Court and attested on the 17th day of June, 1904, directed to Michael A. Reis, as assessor of the city of Kingston, ¡N". Y., and others, commanding them to-certify and return to the office of the clerk of the county of Ulster all and singular their proceedings had in relation to a certain special assessment of the relator’s property. '
Arthur C. Connelly, for the relator.
Augustus H. Van Buren . and Howard Chipp, for the respondents.

Opinion:
Pabkbb, P. J.:
This is a common-law certiorari to review the proceedings of the assessor and the common council of the city of Kingston in the assessment of a special tax to defray the expenses of constructing a system of sewers in a portion of such city, pursuant to section 147 of its charter, viz., chapter 747 of the Laws of 1896.
The relator claims that the special assessment is unjust and inequitable; that each parcel is not assessed, as required by said section 147, in proportion to the benefit which has been derived from said improvement, but that it has been made up upon a theory of " foot front " assessments that has resulted in disregarding the actual value, location and conditions of the properties assessed and in ignoring the benefits accruing to each from the improvement mentioned. Also for the further reason that certain parcels of land located within the district,' determined by the' assessor to be specially benefited by the improvements, are omitted from the assessment, thereby making the assessment against the relator's property larger and more burdensome.
The return of the assessor, and others to whom the writ is directed, denies that the relator's assessment is unjust and inequitable, and specifically avers that in making the assessments and fixing the rate per front foot, whenever any lot or lots were so assessed, all the matters and considerations which relator complains were omitted were in fact taken into account by him and the question as to the amount of benefit conferred upon each lot by said improvement was so considered and ascertained.
Of course the correctness of any fact claimed by either party must be ascertained by the facts admitted or averred in the return.
It is required by the charter under which this tax is levied, viz., section 147, that it shall be made upon a just and equitable assessment against the owners or occupants or the lands deemed to be benefited, assessing each parcel in proportion to the benefit which has been derived from said improvement. And the relator insists that because it has been levied upon a " foot front " basis it must necessarily be unjust arid invalid, and he cites Matter of Klock (30 App. Div. 40) to sustain that claim. The assessor denies that it was made on such a basis only. We need not now determine either of those "questions, because upon a certiorari to review the action of the assessing officer, if it appears from the record before us that,- as a matter of fact, the assessment of the relator's property is unequal as compared with the assessment of other similar property similarly situated, and is unjust, this court is at liberty to correct such assessment, even though the rule pr general principle upon which the assessment was-made is not an illegal or erroneous one-. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2140.)
We must, therefore, inquire whether from the whole record before us it appears that the relator's property is or is not assessed fairly and justly in comparison with the assessment of the other" properties against which the tax in question is levied; and, if we 'conclude that the facts therein appearing do not sustain the judgment of the assessor in that regard, we -may annul the assessment which he has sonnad'e. - '
In the record before us it appears that most of the property on Broadway (which is one of the principal business streets of said city) situated in the vicinity of the city .hall, and nearly -a mile distant from the property of the relator, is assessed at the rate of one dollar and- ninety cents per front foot, and most of the other improved property on' said street northerly from the city hall and up to within a third of a mile from the relator's property is also assessed at the same rate. The relator's property,- which consists of .a couple of large and desirable residential places, five blocks west from Broadway, is likewise assessed at the same rate per front "foot, as is, also much other property scattered throughout, the said two wards of the city. Upon' each of the relator's said lots is located but a single residence and "a barn, and each lot is evidently kept and used for residential purposes only. There does not appear to be any immediate demand for any part of either of said lots for more resi- • dences or further building thereon, nor is it manifest that either will ever become available for business purposes or manufacturing uses. On the other hand, the Broadway properties, which are assessed at the same rate per foot as is relator's, have already become available for the best business uses, and consist of stores, factories, hotels, etc., in the very center of commercial activity, and each parcel thereof, no matter how small, its frontage, is in present need of the sewers and derives a present benefit therefrom. Evidently each front foot of the relator's residence is not in like need of a sewer," and to the same degree is not benefited thereby, as is each front foot of such stores, factories and hotels. A sewer in one street, with which the buildings on the relator's premises could be connected, would, at least under present conditions, serve the whole of each lot,-and so long as each lot is kept as a single residence no need of a further sewer would ever arise. The relator is assessed on three sides of one lot and on two sides of the other lot. The former, being lot Mo. 98 on the assessment map, is 198 feet on Fair street, 332 feet on Franklin street and 240 feet on Pine street. The dwelling house thereon fronts on Fair street, and is 50 feet or more from either Fair or Franklin streets. The barn on this lot fronts on Pine street and is 50 feet therefrom. This lot is assessed for this local improvement'at $1,083, and in arriving at this figure the assessor has cencededly divided the lot into three lots, assessing one on Fair street 198 front feet and allowing a depth of 100 feet; another on Pine street 240 front feet, allowing a like depth of 100 feet, and a third, the remaining land between said two' lots, 132 front feet on Franklin street and of a depth the full length of the premises, viz., 332 feet, making in all, as to this lot, a foot frontage of 570 feet. The other lot of the relator, being Mo. 69 on said map, is assessed in like manner at $545.30 on a foot frontage of 287 feet.
From an examination of the assessments in the record it appears very clearly that the assessor has adopted a general rule to allow 100 feet for the depth of a corner lot bordering on two streets in each of which is to be constructed a sewer, assessing the full frontage on one street, and the excess over the 100 feet of depth to assess as a separate lot, by the foot front, on the other of such streets.
A comparison of some of the assessments, with the relator's assessment shows the following;
A block of property on the westerly side of. Broadway, consist, ing of lots bios. 7Í2 to' 717, inclusive, and having a total valuation of $52,500 on the general assessment, roll, is assessed - in this special assessment for 577 front feet at $1,096.30, being substantially two ' per- cent of its total valuation, Nine other lots on the easterly side of Broadway, five of which lie contiguous to .One another, are. valued at $85,500 and assessed for 580 front feet at $1,102, being less than one and one-third per cent of their total valuation. Another Single lot on said street, of the valuation" of $41,500, is assessed for this special tax for 336 front feet at $638.40, being practically one and ' one-half per cent of the total valuation, while-the relator's assessment, of lot No. 98, as shown, above, is at the rate of more than nine per cent of its total valuationand lot No. 69, .with a; front footage - of 287 feet, is assessed $545.30 as special tax, and has 'a valuation of $8,000, the tax being nearly seven per cent of such valuation. -
With no circumstances showing why the relator's property should bear such an apparently disproportionate burden, and such facts as are before us indicating that there are none, we must conclude that such assessment of his property is unjust and inequitable. At least, tile facts seem to establish that, the relator's properties have not been assessed in proportion to the benefit, they have received if the Broadway properties have been'so assessed.
• It may be conceded that Iqts similarly situated upon a street through which a sewer is constructed may, in some instances, be benefited in proportion to their respective frontage upon such street, whether vacant Or improved, yet it cannot be supposed that the very different classes of property available for so many and so different purposes and scattered throughout the two wards in which this sewer is constructed;, and which have been assessed at a fixed and equal, rate per front foot, have derived in every instance equal benefit in proportion to frontage .from the construction of such sewer. We may. conceive of a business portion of a city having been swept by fire, and that the property thus made vacant might be iff as great need of, and be benefited to as great an extent by the. construction of a sewer as the adjacent improved property, to which the fire had not extended. There would be a demand for buildings upon such vacant lands, and that would be their only available use. Such lands upon which buildings would be immediately erected might receive as much benefit from the construction of the sewer as those already built upon. So also suburban building lots might be benefited in like degree per front foot as would similar lots in the same neighborhood upon which were already erected dwellings.
But the vacant portion of a large and fine lot upon a part of which is erected one large dwelling, and all of which lot is used and intended to be continued to be used as a family residence, would not be in like degree benefited as would 'the property in the business center, whether vacant or improved. Residential property of like character and similarly situated as other residential property might with propriety be compared, but there should be something in common whereby the benefits derived can be fairly judged to be approximately alike. From the record before us it is clear that no such common condition exists in the relator's properties and those found upon Broadway and in very many other of the 1,975 lots upon the map of the "benefited" district, which will warrant a comparison of their common benefits on the basis of the foot frontage of each. The tax upon the relator's property in'this respect appears to be unjust and erroneous, and, therefore, we conclude that-the determination of the assessor in assessing the same should be annulled.
There is a further error into which the assessor has fallen in assessing this relator's property. He has omitted from his assessment a large number of parcels of property containing a total frontage of 1,8.31 feet, concededly within the district benefited by the improvement being made, thus imposing a greater burden upon the property which he has assessed. This prima facie was a clear error. In excuse and explanation for so doing he claims that some of such properties belonged to' the city, and others, in his judgment, were not in fact benefited. But the city properties were not exempt from this assessment and tax (Hassan v. City of Rochester, 67 N. Y. 528; Van Deventer v. Long Island City, 139 id. 139), and the others being concededly within the " benefited " district as fixed by himself under the provisions of section 147 of the charter, it must be now considered that they are to some extent at least actually benefited, and, therefore, assessable. (Hassan v. City of Rochester, supra.)
W e have carefully examined the objections which the defendants have- made to the allowance of this writ, and do not find therein any reason why the writ should be dismissed.
We, therefore, conclude that the assessment against the relator's said property should be annulled and a new assessment thereof ordered, with fifty dollars costs and disbursements to the relator..
All concurred ; Houghton, J., not voting, not being a member of this court at the time this decision was handed down.
Assessment against the property of the relator -in these proceedings is annulled, with fifty dollars costs and disbursements to the relator.