Case Name: Normus Realty Corp., Respondent, v. Florence C. Disque et al., Appellants, and M. A. Gordon & Company, Inc., et al., Respondents, et al., Defendants
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1964-02-27
Citations: 20 A.D.2d 277
Docket Number: 
Parties: Normus Realty Corp., Respondent, v. Florence C. Disque et al., Appellants, and M. A. Gordon & Company, Inc., et al., Respondents, et al., Defendants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 20
Pages: 277–282

Head Matter:
Normus Realty Corp., Respondent, v. Florence C. Disque et al., Appellants, and M. A. Gordon & Company, Inc., et al., Respondents, et al., Defendants.
First Department,
February 27, 1964.
Osborne A. McKegney of counsel (Shanley & McKegney, attorneys), for appellants.
Benjamin F. Nolan, attorney for Normus Realty Corp., respondent.
Monroe Goldwater of counsel (Bernard Katz with him on the brief; Goldwater & Flynn, attorneys), for M. A, Cordon & Company, Inc., and others, respondents.
Amend & Amend, for Franciscan Sisters of the Poor, formerly the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis, respondent.
Leo A. Larkin, Corporation Counsel, for City of New York, defendant,

Opinion:
Stevens, J.
This is an action by plaintiff-respondent Normus Realty Corp. (herein Normus) seeking a judgment canceling and discharging as to real property owned by Normus, certain restrictive covenants affecting such property and the property of the defendants, declaring that Normus be released and discharged from such covenants, and that it has the right to erect a modern Class A multiple-dwelling house upon such premises. Normus seeks to enjoin the defendants and each of them from asserting any claim under said restrictive covenants so as to prevent such erection. The court, in granting the relief sought, concluded there had been such substantial change in the neighborhood that " the usefulness of the covenant had been destroyed and its objects and purposes [rendered] obsolete and no longer applicable ". The present appeal is taken from that determination by one group of defendants, herein referred to as appellants. There is a second group of defendants who denied certain allegations of the complaint and alleged as a contingent counterclaim the contention that if Normus is successful in the action they are entitled to the same relief and demanded judgment therefor. They are referred to herein as respondents.
In 1954 an action similar to the present one was brought. At that time the court denied the relief sought and concluded that conditions as they then existed had not rendered the covenants obsolete. The judgment entered was unanimously affirmed, without opinion (Normus Realty Corp. v. Heilbrun, 3 A D 2d 657). The tract of land involved is located in the Spuyten Duyvil area and was conveyed in 1919 by a single instrument, subject to the restriction that only private dwelling houses for the use of a single family would be erected on the various plots into which the acreage had been divided.
Since that time there have been numerous private single-family dwellings erected and it has become a fine residential section. Within the restricted area no apartment buildings have been erected and the restrictions have been adhered to. However, all parties agree that outside of such boundaries extensive changes have taken place. What was formerly a quiet street or roadway has become the multi-lane Henry Hudson Parkway, and a number of large apartment buildings have been constructed within an eight-block area of the property. At the time of the first application in 1954, 26 such buildings had been constructed and since that time 31 more have been completed. Of this 31, only 12 are on the west side of the Parkway and only 6 within 5 blocks of the restricted area. On the west of the area is the Henry Hudson Eiver. To the north is a proposed park site and to the south is the Frances Schervier Home. Normus' property fronts on the Henry Hudson Parkway and the residence thereon was erected in 1932, taken over in 1937 as a nursing home, and conducted as such until 1955. Normus purchased the property in 1946 with knowledge of and subject to the restrictive covenants. Normus' property has since been zoned to permit the erection of an apartment house, while the other properties remain zoned for single-family dwellings. The property is presently assessed for $100,000, a sharp increase from prior assessments. The issue to be determined is whether the changes since 1954, together with the earlier changes, have caused such differences in the character of the area as to render the covenant obsolete and inequitable.
"Equity may refuse to enforce a restrictive covenant upon the ground of change of conditions only where it is established that the change is such that the restriction has become valueless to the property of the plaintiffs and onerous to the property of defendants " (Cummins v. Colgate Props. Corp., 2 Misc 2d 301, 306, affd. 2 A D 2d 749). " Inequity there may be in standing on the letter of a covenant when the neighborhood has so altered that the ends to be attained by the restriction have been frustrated by the years." (Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Sahlem, 254 N. Y. 161, 167.) The burden of showing such change is upon the party attacking the covenant, in this case Normus. In support of its position Normus points out that many of the owners who themselves are subject to the restrictions have either consented to the proposed change or have not objected to it. At the hearing many owners testified that they had purchased their respective pieces of property with knowledge of the restriction, that they desired such restrictions maintained, and that one of the inducements in locating in that particular area was its fine residential character. 'Seven new single-family dwellings have been erected since 1954. The fact that some have consented while others opposed is not of particular benefit to the plaintiff, for unless there is something in the defendants' conduct which should banish them from equity or " something in the plaintiff's conduct, some element of mistake or misadventure or even intolerable hardship ", equity will not intervene. (Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Sahlem, supra, p. 168.) In the case cited consents had been obtained by the plaintiff from many owners living in the restricted tract, but the single defendant Sahlem refused to consent and was protected in such refusal because there was no proof that the character of the neighborhood had so changed as to defeat the object and purposes of the restrictions. Nor does the fact that apartment houses have been constructed in the surrounding streets warrant the relief sought. (Dollard v. Whowell, 174 App. Div. 403, 405. ) That portion of the agreement of 1919 with respect to the number of dwellings to be erected upon a plot of 10,000 superficial feet expired in 1933. It might be argued the common grantor envisaged a closer or more integrated community, but apartment houses remained forbidden. That contingency was contemplated by the parties who took with notice (cf. Trustees of Columbia Coll. v. Thacher, 87 N. Y. 310). While there might be some hardship upon Normus in that an apartment house would undoubtedly produce greater income and enhance the value of its plot, the fact remains that it purchased with knowledge, and no apartment buildings have as yet encroached upon the area. The purposes of the restrictions and the nature of the structures have preserved the sought-after residential character. In cases presenting such factual situations '1 the covenant is enforceable by any grantee as against any other upon the theory that there is a mutuality of covenant and consideration which binds each, and gives to each the appropriate remedy. Such covenants are entered into by the grantees for their mutual protection and benefit, and the consideration therefor lies in the fact that the diminution in the value of a lot burdened with restrictions is partly or wholly offset by the enhancement in its value due to similar restrictions upon all the other lots in the same tract." (Korn v. Campbell, 192 N. Y. 490, 495.)
From the record it appears that the character of the tract involved has not changed or deteriorated so as to defeat the object and purposes for which the restrictions were imposed. Change is not necessarily suggestive or a result of deterioration. Alterations in the character of an adjacent area, or areas, of the kind shown here, are not indicia of deterioration, nor persuasive that the covenants attacked have been rendered obsolete, and the restricted area undesirable for private residences (Pagenstecher v. Carlson, 146 App. Div. 738). Accordingly, the judgment appealed from should be reversed on the law and the facts, and the complaint and counterclaims dismissed, with costs to defendants-appellants against plaintiff-respondent Normus Realty Corp. only, and without costs to defendants-respondents.