Case Name: Joseph Michalek, Appellee, v. Cedar Rapids & Iowa City Railway & Light Company, Appellant
Court: Iowa Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Iowa
Decision Date: 1915-12-17
Citations: 173 Iowa 231
Docket Number: 
Parties: Joseph Michalek, Appellee, v. Cedar Rapids & Iowa City Railway & Light Company, Appellant.
Judges: Deembr, C. J., Weaver and Preston, JJ., concur.
Reporter: Iowa Reports
Volume: 173
Pages: 231–238

Head Matter:
Joseph Michalek, Appellee, v. Cedar Rapids & Iowa City Railway & Light Company, Appellant.
1 MANDAMUS: When Writ Lies — Railroad Crossing — Refusal to Construct — Concurrent Jurisdiction of Railway Commission. The jurisdiction of the court to entertain mandamus to compel a railway company to construct underground or grade crossings, as provided by Chap. 163, Acts 35th G. A. (See. 2022, Sup. Code/ 1913), is neither'more nor less than it was under Sec. 2022, Sup. Code, 1907, said Chap. 163 being simply a repeal of said Sec. 2022 and its literal re-enactment, i&ith additions which neither qualify^ nor diminish the older statute. The permissive right, granted in said Chap. 163, to resort to the Railway . Commission for the enforcement of the rights therein granted, is not inconsistent with the continued right of the court to enforce such rights.
2 RAILROADS: Private Crossings — Undercrossing—Excessive Cost. The fact that the cost of an unde-ground crossing will exceed the value of the naked tract of land from which access is desired, will not, of itself, defeat the landowner’s right to such a crossing when a grade crossing is impracticable. Evidence reviewed, and held,; an undercrossing was properly ordered.
Appeal from Linn District Court. — Milo P. Smith, Judge.
Friday, December 17, 1915.
Mandamus proceeding whereby the plaintiff seeks to compel the defendant railway company to provide him with an adequate private crossing. There was a decree for the plaintiff, and the defendant appeals.
Affirmed.
John A. Seed and Barnes & Chamberlain, for appellant.
C. E. Wheeler and E. C. Preston, for appellee.

Opinion:
Evans, J.
The plaintiff is the owner of land on both sides of the defendant's railway. His farm consists of 167 acres. The railway of the defendant company traverses the same so as to leave on one side a triangular tract comprising about 8 acres, and on the other side, the remainder of the farm. The defendant's railway is an electric interurban road. The plaintiff demands an underground crossing at a designated point. He made his request of the defendant while the railway was in course of' construction. The following diagram will be an aid to an understanding of the discussion:
The diagram here shown comprises the 8-acre tract already referred to. The base of this triangle is about 1,800 feet, the perpendicular about 560 feet, and the hypotenuse about 1,900 feet. The base is a part of the south line of plaintiff's farm and abuts upon' an east and west highway. (This highway, however, runs in a slightly diagonal direction, of which we need take no account for the purpose of this discussion.) The hypotenuse is the line of defendant's railway. It cuts off the triangle from the southwest part of plaintiff's farm. The main buildings upon plaintiff's farm, at the time of the appropriation of the right of way, were those located 'near the southeast corner thereof, and some distance east of the intersection of railway and highway, shown in the above diagram. At such time, however, plaintiff was contemplating the erection of another set of buildings upon that part of his farm included within the triangular tract. The reason for this was that he had entered into án arrangement with his son for the operation of his farm, whereby the son was to occupy the original buildings and whereby he himself was to build a new set of buildings for his own occupation. In pursuance of such plan, the plaintiff erected a house, and, at the time of the trial below, was making preparations to erect a barn upon such tract. The plan between the father and son also contemplated, after 1914, a division of the farm into approximately equal parts and the use of the eastern part by the son, and of the western part by the father. The location of the house and the proposed location of the barn are shown upon the above diagram. The place of the requested crossing is also shown, therein. Prior to plaintiff's demand, the defendant company had already improvised a crossing, which did qot, however, comply with the requirements of the statute.
The real controversy between the parties is whether the plaintiff is entitled to an order in this action for an underground crossing. The defendant is willing to furnish to him either one or two grade crossings, at any point where it Practicable to construct the same. The defendant also contends that there are points at which such construction is practicable. On the other hand, the plaintiff contends that, by , reason of the high grade of the railway, an adequate grade crossing is not practicable at any point within the boundaries of the plaintiff's land, and for that reason he demands an underground crossing.
At the threshold of the controversy, we are confronted with a new statute, being Chapter 3 63, Acts 35th G. A. Such act repealed Section 2022, Code Sup., 1907, and in lieu thereof enacted the following:
["When any person owns land on both sides of any railway] , or when the railway runs parallel with the public highway, thereby severing the farm from the public highway, [the corporation owning the same shall, when requested to do so, make and keep in good repair a sufficient causeway or other adequate means of crossing the same and one cattle guard on each side thereof connected by cross fences to the right of way fence on each side of the right of way at such reasonable place as may be designated by the owner.] If such person desires more than one crossing or desires an overhead or underground crossing over or under said railway, he shall serve or cause to be served a notice in writing upon such railway company setting forth his demand, with a plat of the land showing the place and manner of the desired crossing or crossings. If such railway company, within thirty days after having been served with such notice, has failed and refused to construct such crossing or crossings, such person may apply to the board of railroad commissioners of this state which shall have full authority to determine all questions growing out of such demand, and upon hearing, after due notice, make such order as it may deem just and equitable."
It is the contention of the defendant that the effect of this enactment is to confer upon the railroad commissioners exclusive jurisdiction over the question of -underground crossings, and that the court, therefore, has no jurisdiction to decree an underground crossing. It will be noted that the first part of the enactment above quoted, which, for convenience, we have indicated in brackets, is an exact reproduction of Code Section 2022 as amended by the 32d G, A. and as it appeared in the Code Supplement of 1907. Under such Section 2022, we have previously held that its provisions were enforceable by a mandamus proceeding in court, notwithstanding that, subsequently to its enactment, a concurrent jurisdiction had been conferred by statute upon the railroad commissioners. Swinney v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co., 123 Iowa 219; State v. Mason City & Ft. D. R. Co., 85 Iowa 516; Herrstrom v. Newton & N. W. R. Co., 129 Iowa 507; Mattice v. Chicago, G. W. R. Co., 130 Iowa 749.
The point now made by the defendant is that, inasmuch as the previous statute was repealed and the statutory right to a crossing is enacted in a new form and such new enactment provides its own remedy, such remedy is necessarily exclusive.
It is doubtless true, as a general proposition, that, where a 'new. right is created by statute and a remedy is provided by the same statute for its enforcement, such remedy will ordinarily be deemed exclusive. This rule, however, does not support the argument for defendant. The new enactment does not purport to abridge any right of the plaintiff which he had under the previous statute. As already indicated, the previous statute is literally re-enacted. The re-enacting provision is in no manner qualified or diminished by what follows. Under the previous' statute as re-enacted, a plaintiff in such ease has an absolute statutory right to one adequate crossing. In our construction of the statute heretofore, we have held that such adequate crossing ordinarily means a grade crossing. "We have held also that, where an adequate grade crossing was practicable, the plaintiff was not entitled to an underground crossing, although an underground cross ing might be, as it usually is, of much greater convenience and advantage to the plaintiff.
The additional provisions of the new enactment purport to go no further than to confer upon the railroad commissioners a certain power of discretion to make orders for more than one grade crossing or for an overhead or an underground crossing if they shall find the demands therefor to be "just and reasonable". For the purpose of the argument only, it may be conceded that such discretion is not conferred upon the court. It does not follow that the powers heretofore exercised by the court in the enforcement of the provisions of Code Section 2022 have been in any manner curtailed.
We hold, therefore, that the power of the court to enforce the provisions of Section 2022, as re-enacted by the 35th 6. A., is neither more nor less than it ivas prior to such re-enactment. The question, then, is resolved to this: . ai1 adequate grade crossing practicable withm the boundaries of'plaintiff's farm? If yea; then plaintiff is not entitled to an underground crossing. If nay, then he is entitled to such underground crossing of necessity and not of discretion. Such was our holding in the Swiwney case, supra.
Turning to the facts, the topography of the triangular tract is level and somewhat low. Its highest elevation is at its eastern point. From such point, the land becomes lower toward the west and continues to lose elevation up to a short distance east of the west end, where a slight rise occurs. The plaintiff's house is located a little more than 600 feet from the eastern point. Fronting the road, it extends to the rear to within 25 or 30 feet of the right of way. TWo hundred and twenty-five feet farther west is the proposed location of the barn. The point selected by the plaintiff for a crossing is opposite this location. At this point, the railway is constructed upon a grade which is 9 feet plus on one side and 12 feet plus on the other side, above the natural surface of the ground. This grade extends at a varying elevation from the surface of the ground for the full length of the railway through plaintiff's land, except that it comes to the natural surface at the eastern point of the triangle, and except that the height of the grade is considerably reduced at plaintiff's west line. The place at which the defendant had begun the construction of a crossing is at this eastern point. The opening into such crossing is from the highway. A crossing at this place gives to the plaintiff practically no additional convenience over and above what the public highway crossing would give him. It is contended by defendant that a practicable grade crossing could be constructed 225 feet west of such point, and that another could be constructed within 100 feet of the west line of plaintiff. Manifestly, such locations are very inconvenient to the plaintiff, as compared with a location near his house or bam. The trial court evidently found that a grade crossing was not practicable at either place. After a careful consideration of the evidence in the record, we are disposed to the same conclusion. The defendant does not claim that it would be practicable to build a grade crossing over the higher parts of the embankment. The really meritorious defensive claim of the defendant is the excessive cost of building the underground crossing. Its cost to the railroad company will be greater than the value of the 8-acre tract without improvements. It must be borne in mind, however, that the value/of the 80 acres on the other side of the right of way must be also considered in this connection. The cost of construction of such underground crossing will now be several hundred dollars greater than it would have been if it had been constructed while the railway was in the process of being constructed and graded. But the plaintiff was prompt in making his demands in time for that consideration. The defendant wholly ignored it. It is not entitled to consideration, therefore, so far as such increase in cost is concerned. The claim of expense of such a crossing is a matter which is entitled to grave consideration. Of itself, however, it is not sufficient- to justify a refusal to the plaintiff, if a grade crossing be found to be impracticable. On the other hand, the mere fact that an underground crossing is more advantageous to the plaintiff than a grade crossing is not sufficient to sustain the plaintiff's request in that regard.
Upon the whole record, we think that the trial court was justified in its conclusions, and that the underground crossing was properly awarded of necessity, because it was impracticable to present an adequate grade crossing at any point within the limits of plaintiff's land. The order is, therefore,— Affirmed.
Deembr, C. J., Weaver and Preston, JJ., concur.