Case Name: BARREDA CORPORATION et al. v. BALLENGER et al.
Court: Texas Courts of Civil Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1938-02-03
Citations: 116 S.W.2d 442
Docket Number: No. 3194
Parties: BARREDA CORPORATION et al. v. BALLENGER et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 116
Pages: 442–450

Head Matter:
BARREDA CORPORATION et al. v. BALLENGER et al.
No. 3194.
Court of Civil Appeals of Texas. Beaumont.
Feb. 3, 1938.
Rehearing Denied March 30, 1938.
Dissenting Opinion April 28, 1938.
R. A. Dunkelberg, H. L. Faulk, and Graham, Graham & Graham, all of Brownsville, for appellants.
Montgomery & Bowie, of San Benito, and Seabury, Taylor & Wagner, of Brownsville, for appellees.

Opinion:
WALKER, Chief Justice.
This was an action in trespass to try title by appellees, Mrs. Ethel Ballenger joined by her husband, Joe G. Ballenger, against the Barreda Corporation to recover the title and possession of 6,419.61 acres of land, a part of the Ojo de Agua tract of land in Cameron county, filed on the 11th day of July, 1936. On the 2d day of October, 1936, C. P. Barreda, with permission of the court, filed his plea of intervention, followed by the filing of original and supplemental pleadings by all parties to this litigation. On the 4th day of November, 1936, judgment was entered in favor of appellees on an instructed verdict for title and possession of the land, and for other relief prayed for. The appeal was perfected to the San Antonio Court of Civil Appeals by the original defendant and the intervener, and was transferred to this court by order of the Supreme Court.
By deed dated the 21st day of November, 1931, C. P. Barreda, joined by his wife, conveyed the land in controversy to the Barreda Corporation for and in consideration of five vendor's lien notes, each for the sum of $50,000, of even date with the deed, and numbered 1 to 5, and maturing respectively one, two, three, four, and five years after date. These notes passed into the possession of Mrs. Ballenger, and, together with the superior title to the land, were sold at her trustee's sale, and bought by her for $40,000, which she credited against her claimed indebtedness against intervener. It was the theory of appellees' action in trespass to try title that, owning these notes and the superior title, she had the right to rescind the original sale, which she exercised, thereby vesting in her the superior title to the 6,419.61 acres of land.
The pleadings and the evidence present the following issues: (1) Did the evidence raise a jury issue that the National Bank of Commerce, a prior holder of the five vendor's lien notes, Held the legal title, the paramount title, to the land; (2) as a matter of law, with no issue for the jury, did the sale of the notes by the trustee vest in Mrs. Barreda the superior title to the land; (3) as a fact issue for the jury, did the evidence support any defense alleged by appellants against the sale of the notes by the trustee; (4) did the evidence, as a fact issue for the juryj support Mr. Barreda's cross-action for damages on his allegation that the sale by the trustee was fraudulently made; (5) did the court err in refusing to disqualify appellees' attorneys, Seabury, Taylor & Wagner, and in permitting them to appear in behalf of appellees, and to prosecute this suit against appellants. It is our conclusion that all these issues must be answered in support of the judgment of the lower court.
The National Bank of Commerce of San Antonio did not hold the superior title to the land. The vendor's lien was reserved in the deed by C. P. Barreda and wife to the Barreda Corporation to secure the payment cjf the five vendor's lien notes; these notes and lien and superior title were conveyed by Barreda and wife by an instrument in writing dated the 2d day of February, 1933, to E. C. Breedlove as trustee to secure the payment of one note for the sum of $11,756 due by the grantors to Mrs. R. A. Plummer, and a second note for the sum of $37,046.35 due by Barreda to appellee Joe G. Ballenger, and the trustee was vested with title to the notes, lien, and superior title to the land in trust for the benefit of the holders of these notes. By an ihstrument in writing dated the 1st day of February, 1935, Mrs. Plummer assigned her note and her interest in the five Barreda notes, and in the superior title to the land, to Joe G. Ballenger. By an instrument dated the 8th day of April, 1935, Ballenger assigned the two notes due him by Barreda; together with the five vendor's lien notes held by him as collateral, and his interest in the 6,419.61 acres of land to his wife', Mrs. Ethel Ballenger. On the 7th day of September, 1935, Bal-lenger and his wife assigned the two Barreda notes together with the five collateral notes to the National Bank of Commerce of San Antonio; we'quote as follows from this transfer: "We, Joe G. Ballenger and Ethel Ballenger do now and hereby and by these presents transfer and assign to the National Bank of Commerce, its successors and assigns, the vendor's lien so reserved and retained in and by said deed from C. P.' Barreda to the Barreda Corporation, with all and every right that we or either of us could .or would have in and to same, and with and for the purpose of enforcing all of the said liens, collaterals, and pledges pertinent to each, all and any and every of said notes, with right of foreclosure." This transfer was made to the bank to secure it in an indebtedness of $10,000 due it by Joe G. Ballenger. The Ballengers paid this indebtedness to the bank, and on the 11th day of May, 1936, the bank, by an instrument in writing, conveyed back to the Ballengers all collateral held by it as ' security for its indebtedness against the Ballengers; this assignment recited that the bank "desires to and does hereby reinvest the said Joe G. Ballenger and Ethel Ballenger in their respective claim, right and title in and to said notes and collateral thereto." There was no language in this assignment conveying back to the Bal-lengers the superior title to the 6,419.61 acres of land. The National Bank of Commerce did not own the superior title to the land for the following reasons: (1) The conveyance by the Ballengers to the bank did not convey the superior title to the land, but only the vendor's lien against the land with the right of foreclosure; (2) if that conveyance should be construed as conveying the superior title to the bank, it was only a conveyance in trust to secure the Ballengers' indebtedness to the bank, and when that indebtedness was paid the title held by the bank to secure its payment was extinguished, 19 R. C.L. 453; (3) at the time Ballenger and wife conveyed their collateral to the bank, they did not hold the superior title to the land, but it was vested in Breedlove as their trustee, and he did not join in the conveyance.
The sale by the trustee to Mrs. Ballenger of the five vendor's lien notes against the land in controversy, together with the superior title to the land, was in all things regular, and vested in her the title to the notes and the superior title to the land, with the right of rescission. Apr pellants make the following propositions against the validity of this sale by the trustee : The note for $37,046.35, secured by the deed of trust covering the five vendor's lien notes, was void; this contention, if conceded, would not invalidate the sale. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. 8 was organized in- 1929, and voted bonds, to the amount of one million dollars to improve the district with a drainage system, etc. On the 6th day of September, 1929, the district made a contract with Joe G. Ballenger to construct its irrigation system, on the agreed price of $283,000 to be paid in the manner set out in the contract; 15 per cent, of the contract price was to be retained by the district, evidenced by its notes. C. P. Bar-reda made a separate contract with Bal-lenger guaranteeing the payment of this "retained percentage"; this retained percentage amounted with interest to $37,043.-35, for which Barreda executed this note, and in the course of his subsequent dealings with Ballenger this note was secured in the manner stated above. It is the con tention of appellants that the note for the retained percentage was void, for the reason that it created a debt against the district without a vote of the people, and as the principal debt was void, Barreda's guaranty of the debt was also void. Appellants also asserted other grounds of invalidity. The parties voluntarily made the contract which was executed for them by the trustee in the manner agreed upon, without invoking the aid of the courts. The following proposition of law announced by Judge Sonfield in Hall v. Edwards, Tex.Com.App., 222 S.W. 167, 169, sustains the sale against the contention that the note for $37,046.35 was void; in the Hall Case the title to real estate was attacked on the ground that the note secured by the deed of trust, foreclosed by the trustee's sale, was void; sustaining the sale Judge Sonfield said:
"But the illegality of the transaction did not prevent the exercise of the power of sale conferred upon the trustee, by agreement of the parties, through the deed in trust. At this sale plaintiff in error became the purchaser, and acquired the title remaining in Pennington and Hill though the retention of the vendor's lien and that of defendant in error acquired by her deed from Hughes." (The indebtedness in this case was secured by the deed in trust as well as by the vendor's lien.) "The sale put an end to the illegal contract. It was fully executed by the parties themselves, acting through the trustee, who, in the execution of the trust, was the agent of all the parties thereto. Plaintiff in error's title, though arising out of the illegal contract, was not dependent upon it; that is, no action of the court was necessary to enforce the contract, or any of its terms, in order to make the title perfect or complete.
"A title or estate so resulting from, and arising out of, the illegal contract, fully executed, will be recognized by the courts; the recognition involving no reference to, or action upon, the contract itself.
"Plaintiff in error not seeking the enforcement of the contract, and not invoking it to sustain a remedy, its illegality is no defense. To permit this defense, under the facts herein, would be to create a right or title in defendant in error dependent entirely upon such contract. It would, in effect, be to enforce the contract on her behalf, enabling her to reap a benefit thereunder. The same principles which govern courts in declining to enforce an illegal contract in aid of a plaintiff's title inhibit its use to create a title in a defendant."
Appellants cite in support of their contention Cameron County Water Improvement District No. 8 and C. P. Barreda v. De La Vergne Engine Co., 93 F.2d 373, by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, decided December 9, 1937. Had appellees resorted to the courts to foreclose their lien instead of foreclosing it by trustee's sale, the case cited would be in point; on the facts of this case, it is not in point.
On a second ground the trustee's sale was valid. Appellants had no defense against the note for $11,756, also secured by the deed of trust and involved in the sale by the trustee. Appellants made no offer to pay this note at any time before the sale by the trustee.^ In Belcher Land Mortgage Co. v. Taylor, Tex.Com.App., 212 S.W. 647, 649, the court said: "A sale made under a deed in trust for a sum larger than the amount with which the property is properly chargeable is not void, and a power of sale in such deed can be exercised if any part of the debt is due and owing." On facts on all fours with the facts of this proposition the following additional authorities support the sale: Hemphill v. Watson, 60 Tex. 679, 682 (Directly in point); E. G. Chambers & Co. v. Little, Tex.Civ.App., 21 S.W.2d 17, 21; West v. Peters, Tex.Civ.App., 287 S.W. 81, Writ of Error dismissed; Wood v. Eastland Bldg. & L. Ass'n, Tex.Civ.App., 75 S.W.2d 466, 470; North American Bldg. & Loan Ass'n v. Bell, Tex.Civ.App., 88 S.W.2d 633, 636; Corbett v. Sweeney, Tex.Civ.App., 151 S.W. 858, 861, Writ of Error refused; 29 Tex.Jur. p. 971, Mortgages, § 134.
There is no merit in the contention that an issue of fact was raised against the conclusion -that the notes secured by the deed of trust was the separate property of Mrs. Ballenger, and, therefore, against the validity of the sale made by the trustee only on her request. In reply to this contention we say that all the evidence was to the effect that the Barreda notes were the separate property of Mrs. Ballenger; it would serve no useful purpose to state the details of this testimony. There is no testimony to support appellants' contention that the sale was made in the morning in violation of .the local custom that sales of this character in Cameron county are made in the afternoon. It was conclusively shown that the holder of the notes requested the trustee to make the sale.
Appellant C. P. Barreda by special plea claimed damages against Joe G. Bal-lenger for breach of his contract to install the irrigation system, and prayed that the notes held by appellees against him be abated to the extent of the damages suffered by him by reason of this breach of contract; his claim of damages on this issue was limited to his right of abatement. The damages prayed for exceeded the amount of the notes. . The purpose of this plea was to apply the damages suffered by appellant as an actual payment upon his two notes, and to have the sale declared void for the want of a supporting mortgage debt; and to have the sale set aside in order that appellant might be given such credit. The law does not afford appellant this relief. In 41 C.J. 933, it is said: "In the absence of statutory authority, a sale under the power will not be enjoined merely for the purpose of allowing the mortgagor to set up an independent demand or set-off, if it does not appear that the mortgagee is insolvent or that such claim will otherwise be lost by allowing the sale to proceed."
The Texas statutes do not give the authority required by this proposition, nor does the record raise the issue of the insolvency of appellees. In McDaniel v. Cowart, 109 Ga. 419, 34 S.E. 589, it is held: "The only question for consideration is whether or not the allegations in the petition present a case for the equitable .relief sought. There is no charge of insolvency of defendants, or either 'one of them, and no reason given why she should have the extraordinary remedy of injunction for which she prays. The contract between her and the defendants gives them the power to sell the' land in case of default-on her part in the prompt payment of either note. The only way in which she could have defeated the exercise of this power was to pay the notes; and the fact that she had an account against one or both the defendants'to the amount of her indebtedness to them could not operate, per se, as a cancellation of their contract touching the sale of the land. The remedy on her account is by suit at law, and no reason is assigned in the petition why it is not ample and sufficient. The remedy of the defendants for the recovery of their money on the land is under contract, which, it appears from the petition, they were pursuing."
The court overruled appellants' motion to disqualify Judge S. W. Seabury and his firm from representing appellees on the trial of this case. The ruling of the court in this respect does not present error, requiring a reversal of the judgment, because, on the undisputed facts, appellees were entitled .to- an instructed verdict. The facts supporting this verdict were of record, and so available to any attorney who might have represented appellees. If the judgment were reversed and the cause remanded, the same judgment would have to be entered on a new trial. •
The judgment of the lower court is in all things affirmed.