Case Name: Keith v. Drainage District No. 7 on Poinsett County
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 1931-05-11
Citations: 183 Ark. 786
Docket Number: 
Parties: Keith v. Drainage District No. 7 on Poinsett County.
Judges: 
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 183
Pages: 786–796

Head Matter:
Keith v. Drainage District No. 7 on Poinsett County.
Opinion delivered May 11, 1931.
C. T. Carpenter, for petitioner.
C. D. Frierson, for respondent.

Opinion:
Hart, C. J.
This is an original application for a writ of mandamus by Harry A. Keith and Mamie Keith against A. H. Landers, sheriff of Poinsett County, Arkan sas, to compel him to levy an execution on certain real and personal property to satisfy a judgment rendered in this court in favor of petitioners against Drainage District No. 7 of Poinsett County in the sum of $3,200, with interest and costs.
The judgment was obtained under the provisions of § 22 of the Bill of Bights- of our present Constitution, which provides that private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation therefor. In the construction of this provision of the Constitution, this court has frequently held that the public, like a private person, must so use its own as not to injure another's property, and that any injury to the property of an individual which deprives him of the ordinary use of it, falls under the protection of the constitutional provision and entitles the property owner 1o compensation. Keith v. Drainage District No. 7 of Poinsett County, ante p. 384.
After the judgment had become final, upon the request of Keith, the clerk of this court issued an execution directed to the sheriff of Poinsett County, Arkansas, in which the drainage district was organized. Keith directed the sheriff to levy the execution upon certain personal property belonging to said drainage district, which consisted of a cabin boat, three motor boats, a Ford truck, a Ford coupe, a pile driver, and two drag lines, and certain office furniture, and also upon certain town lots belonging to said district. The sheriff refused to levy the execution on the ground that he had been informed that the property was exempt from execution under our statutes and laws.
All agree that, when the judgment of this court became final, it was the legal duty of the district to pay the judgment, but it is earnestly insisted by counsel for the sheriff and for the district that the only remedy available to collect the judgment was by a writ of mandamus to compel the drainage commissioners to levy an additional tax with which to pay the judgment. It is not to be questioned but that this would be an appropriate remedy, but it is as little to be questioned that the Keiths, as judgment creditors, might by any appropriate method compel the payment of their judgment. This brings us to a consideration of the single proposition, whether or not an execution, levy, and sale of certain personal and real property of the district is a lawful method for the collection of the debt.
It is first insisted that the property is not subject to execution under the provisions of § 1274 of Crawford & Moses ' Digest. The section provides that no property, real or personal, belonging to the State, or any county, city, town, borough or other public or municipal corporation, regularly incorporated according to law, shall be levied upon or sold by virtue of any execution.
In the opinion of a majority of the court, this section does not exempt the property from levy and sale under the execution in this case. The drainage district was organized under the laws of this State for the purpose of draining and leveeing the lands within the limits of the district. The district was not in any sense' a county, city, town, or other public or municipal corporation within the meaning of the statute just referred to. The powers of the drainage district are derived directly from the Legislature; and, in exercising them, the board of commissioners of the district acts as the agent of the property owners whose interests are affected by the duties it performs. Fitzgerald v. Walker, 55 Ark. 148, 17 S. W. 702; and Lewis v. Rieff, 114 Ark. 366, 169 S. W. 1184.
The statute was directed to counties and municipal corporations which are local agencies of the State creating them, and they exercise such governmental powers as are conferred by statute. Their property necessary for the exercise of the powers conferred become part of the machinery of government, and to permit a creditor to seize and sell it to collect his debt would be to permit him in some degree to destroy the government itself. Klein v. New Orleans, 99 U. S. 149.
It is next, insisted that the property belonging to an improvement district is devoted to public use and comes within the general rule that the property of a county, municipal corporation, or other corporation holding it for use for public purposes is not subject to sale under execution. This is a correct rule, when properly applied, but has no bearing on the issues herein presented. Under § 4270 of the Digest, in general, the real and personal property of a defendant under an execution upon any judgment may be levied upon and sold in satisfaction of the judgment. Under § 4287, if an officer who is required to levy an execution upon personal property, doubts whether it is subject to execution, he may give to the plaintiff therein notice that an indemnifying bond is required. In the case at bar, the notice required by this section of the statute was given by the sheriff to the plaintiff in the execution. The sheriff notified the plaintiff that he had been informed that the personal property was devoted to the public use for which the district had been organized. The truth of this depended upon the facts as they really existed; and it cannot be said, when the description of the property is considered, that the sheriff acted arbitrarily in refusing to levy the execution on the personal property without the indemnifying bond required by the statute. Hence no writ of mandamus should be awarded against him under the facts presented to require him to levy upon the personal property. Mayfield Woolen Mills v. Lewis, 89 Ark. 488, 117 S. W. 558, 16 Ann. Cas. 1041.
A different question, however, is presented as to the real estate. No indemnifying bond can be required under our statute before levying upon land. Crawford & Moses' Dig., § 4287, and Smith v. Spradlin, 136 Ark. 204, 206 S. W. 327. The record before us shows that the lands upon which the sheriff was required to levy the execution had been acquired by the drainage district in the foreclosure of drainage assessments upon lands situated in the district and subject to the lien thereof. It cannot be said that such property is necessary to the exercise of the gMasi-puhlic functions which the drainage district was organized to carry out, and that it is necessarily protected from levy and sale by virtue of being owned by the drainage district. As we have already seen, after the compensation provided by our Constitution in favor of the owner of the land damaged became fixed by the judgment rendered in his favor against the drainage district, he had a vested right to such compensation, and payment might be enforced according to the statutes and laws of the State. Even if it should be held that all property of every kind belonging to the drainage district is presump.tively for public use, this presumption is one of fact and may be overcome on proof that the district is holding it for other purposes, and that it is not needed or intended for use in carrying on the purposes for which the district was organized. In a case like this, if the property should be sold under execution and purchased by third persons, it would again become subject to the drainage and levee taxes just as other lands located within the district.
We do not think the case of Fordyce v. Woman's Christian National Library Association, 79 Ark. 550, 96 S. W. 155, 7 L. R. A. (N. S.) 485, applies. There the trust expressly limited the property to the use of the Library Association as a site for the building, and it could not be devoted to any other purpose. Under the express terms of the trust the property could not be sold by the trustees nor under execution sale without doing direct violation of the terms of the trust:
To carry the contention of the sheriff and of the drainage district to its last analysis, although the property required to be levied on was not needed and was not intended to be used for the purposes for which the district was organized, still it could not be sold in satisfaction of a judgment of a property owner whose property had been damaged for public use without a just equivalent being paid.
If the land claimed or owned by the drainage district is not necessary to its operation, the sheriff should be directed to sell it. Neither he nor the drainage district will be permitted to say that such accumulation of real estate, not used nor necessary for carrying out the public functions for which the drainage district was organized, may be made when that course may render inoperative the constitutional guaranty to the landowner for compensation for destruction or diminution of the value of his property. To illustrate, if land had been condemned for use as a right-of-way for the drainage or levee district, and such use should at any time be no longer required, then the land would revert to its original owner and could not be levied upon for the satisfaction of a judgment against the improvement district. Neither could a levy or sale of land used for right-of-way or other necessary public use be had while it was being actually devoted to that purpose. In the case at bar, however, this would be a question of fact which may, by a court of competent jurisdiction, be the subject-matter of inquiry and adjudged accordingly. In the opinion of the majority, lands acquired by the district at a sale for the enforcement of drainage and levee assessments and held by the district for resale, as provided by the statute, may be levied upon and sold in satisfaction of a debt of a judgment creditor.
The result of the views of the majority is that a writ of mandamus should not be directed to the sheriff to levy and sell upon execution the personal property involved in this proceeding; but the sheriff will be directed to levy upon and sell the real estate involved in this proceeding unless his right is assailed and determined adversely to him in a court of competent jurisdiction according to the principles of law announced and set out herein. Of course, the rights of third persons who may have claims to the property involved herein are not affected by this decision. It is so ordered.