Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. David RAMIREZ-MARIN, also known as Navor Ramirez-Garcia, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-03-27
Citations: 172 F. App'x 836
Docket Number: No. 05-4150
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. David RAMIREZ-MARIN, also known as Navor Ramirez-Garcia, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before TACHA, Chief Circuit Judge, HARTZ, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 172
Pages: 836–838

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. David RAMIREZ-MARIN, also known as Navor Ramirez-Garcia, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 05-4150.
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
March 27, 2006.
Diana Hagen, Salt Lake City, UT, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Scott Keith Wilson, Salt Lake City, UT, for Defendant-Appellant.
Before TACHA, Chief Circuit Judge, HARTZ, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
ORDER AND JUDGMENT
HARRIS L. HARTZ, Circuit Judge.
David Ramirez-Marin was indicted on February 16, 2005, on one count of illegal reentry after deportation, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. That same day the gov ernment filed a notice that it would seek a sentencing enhancement for a prior aggravated-felony conviction under 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2), which would increase the maximum sentence from two to 20 years. On March 8, 2005, Mr. Ramirez-Marin pleaded guilty in accordance with a plea agreement that required the government to recommend that he be given "the appropriate reduction" for acceptance of responsibility under U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1. R. Vol. I, Doc. 11, at 4. The presentence report (PSR) stated that he had been previously deported after a conviction for distribution of a controlled substance and accordingly recommended a 16-level increase in the base offense level under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(l)(A). It also recommended a three-level downward adjustment for acceptance of responsibility and calculated a criminal-history category of VI, leading to a guidelines range of 77 to 96 months. Mr. RamireZf-Marin did not object to the facts alleged in the PSR.
On May 31, 2005, the district court sentenced Mr. Ramirez-Marin to 81 months' imprisonment, followed by three years of supervised release. He now appeals the sentence, arguing that his prior aggravated-felony conviction should have been alleged in the indictment and proved to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. We have jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a) and 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and affirm.
Section § 1326 provides, in relevant part:
Reentry of removed aliens
(a) In general
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any alien who—
(1) has been denied admission, excluded, deported, or removed or has departed the United States while an order of exclusion, deportation, or removal is outstanding, and thereafter (2) enters, attempts to enter, or is at any time found in, the United States
shall be fined under Title 18, or imprisoned not more than 2 years or both,
(b) Criminal penalties for reentry of certain removed aliens
Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, in the case of any alien described in such subsection—
(2) whose removal was subsequent to a conviction for commission of an aggravated felony, such alien shall be fined under such Title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both;
Mr. Ramirez-Marin raises for the first time on appeal a challenge to the failure of the indictment to allege the prior conviction that authorizes a sentence up to 20 years under § 1326(b). He contends that the absence of that allegation in the indictment means that he was charged only with a violation of § 1326(a) and cannot be sentenced to more than two years' imprisonment. As a result, he argues, the district court lacked jurisdiction to sentence him under § 1326(b) and, in the alternative, committed plain error by doing so.
As Mr. Ramirez-Marin acknowledges, however, his contentions are barred by controlling precedent. In Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), the Supreme Court held that § 1326(b)(2) merely creates a sentencing factor that need not be alleged in the indictment. That holding was questioned but left intact by the Supreme Court's decision in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 489-90, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). Believing that Almendarez-Torres was incorrectly decided and should be overruled, Mr. Ramirez-Marin raises the issue to preserve it for Supreme Court review. In the meantime, however, we are bound by Supreme Court precedent. See Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203, 237, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997) ("[I]f a precedent of this Court has direct application in a case, yet appears to rest on reasons rejected in some other line of decisions, the Court of Appeals should follow the case which directly controls, leaving to this Court the prerogative of overruling its own decisions." (internal quotation marks omitted)). Accordingly, we AFFIRM the sentence imposed by the district court.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously to honor the parties' request for a decision on the briefs without oral argument. See Fed. R.App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doc trines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.