Case Name: State ex rel. Bundy, Respondent, vs. Nygaard, County Clerk, Appellant
Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Wisconsin
Decision Date: 1916-05-23
Citations: 163 Wis. 307
Docket Number: 
Parties: State ex rel. Bundy, Respondent, vs. Nygaard, County Clerk, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Wisconsin Reports
Volume: 163
Pages: 307–311

Head Matter:
State ex rel. Bundy, Respondent, vs. Nygaard, County Clerk, Appellant.
February 5
May 23, 1916.
Taxation of incomes: Profits on sale of stock: Capital or. “income”? When status is fixed.
1. Income, as the term is used in sec. 1, art. VIII, Const., is the profit or gain derived from capital or labor or from both combined, and it must he money or something equivalent thereto.
2. Where corporate stock purchased as an investment in 1907 for ?110,000 was on January 1, 1911, of the value of $214,000, and was sold in 1914 for $214,000, no part of the last-named amount was taxable as income. The status, as capital, of the entire value of the stock being fixed when the Income Tax Law was first passed, no part thereof could he made into income by legislative enactment.
Appeal from a judgment of the circuit court for Eau Claire county: James Wickham, Circuit Judge.
Affirmed.
The relator sued out a writ of certiorari to review the proceedings of the income tax board of review of Eau Claire county and the state tax commission with respect to an income tax assessed against the relator for the year 1914. The facts were undisputed. On September 1, 1901, the relator purchased 1,000 shares of the common stock of the Chippewa Valley Railway, Light & Power Company and 100 shares of its preferred stock as an investment at par, and on February 20, 1914, sold the common stock at $200 per share and the preferred stock at $140 per share, or an advance in all of $104,000. The taxing officials, following the directions of par. (d), sub. 2, sec. 1081m — 2, Stats. 1913, assessed as income subject to taxation in 1914 the proportionate amount of this profit of $104,000 which the period of time between January 1, 1911, and the date of sale bears to the entire time-between the date of acquisition (September 1, 1907) and the date of sale, which amount they fixed at $50,413.23. There-was substantially no difference between the value of the stock January 1, 1911, and at the date of its sale. The circuit, court held the assessment void, and the defendant appeals.
For the appellant there was a brief by Fred Arnold, district attorney for Eau Claire county, and the Attorney General and F. E. Brossard, assistant attorney general, of counsel and the cause was argued orally by Mr. Arnold and Mr. Bros-sard.
For the respondent there was a brief by Bundy & Wilcox, and oral argument by O. T. Bundy in pro. per. and Boy P. Wilcox.

Opinion:
WiNsnow, C. J.
(on motion for rehearing). When this case was originally argued and submitted in February last, six justices participated in the hearing and there was an equal division among them as to the proper judgment. The judgment of tbe trial court was therefore affirmed without opinion, as is usual in such cases. A motion for rehearing was seasonably filed, and while the motion was pending another action involving precisely the same question came on to be heard in its regular order on the calendar (State ex rel. O. H. Ingram Co. v. Wis. Tax Comm., post, p. 311, 158 N. W. 89). At this time two changes had taken place in the personnel of the sitting bench, and it was considered that the last-named case and the motion for rehearing ought to be considered together, in order that a conclusion on the merits might, if possible, be reached, applicable to both cases.
The arguments have now been heard and the court is of opinion that both cases were correctly decided in the trial courts.
The Income Tax Law (sec. 1087m — 1, Stats. 1913) provides for the levying of a tax on "incomes received during the year ending December 31, 1911, and upon incomes received annually thereafter," and in sub. 2 of sec. 1087m — 2 defines the term "income." Par. (d) of the last-named subsection provides - that the term "income" shall include "all profits derived from the transaction of business or from the sale of real estate or other capital assets; provided, that of the profits derived from the sale of real estate or other capital assets ac-quiréd previous to January 1,1911, only such proportion shall be taxable as the time between January 1,1911, and the date of sale bears to the entire time between the date of acquisition, and the date of sale."
In the present case it appears without dispute that the relator on January 1, 1911, owned stock which he had purchased as an investment more than four years previously which was of the value of $214,000, and that on February 20, 1914, he -sold the same for $214,000. Upon these facts the court now reaches the conclusion that there is in fact no income in the present case within the meaning of that word as used in the constitution.
The constitution (sec. 1, art. VIII) permits tbe taxation of "incomes," and tbe statute (secs. 1087to — 1 to 1087m— 29, Stats. 1913) provides for tbe levying of a tax upon "incomes" received during tbe 'year.
Tbe word "income" bas a definite, well-understood meaning. No attempt was made to define it in tbe constitutional amendment for tbe reason that it carried its meaning witb it. That meaning was and is tbe "common, ordinary meaning," as tbe word is used in every-day life. Van Dyke v. Milwaukee, 159 Wis. 460, 150 N. W. 509. In brief, it may be said to be tbe profit or gain derived from capital or labor or from botb combined. Stratton's Independence v. Howbert, 231 U. S. 399, 34 Sup. Ct. 136; Income Tax Cases, 148 Wis. 456, 513, 134 N. W. 673, 135 N. W. 164. It must be gain or profit and it must be money or sometbing equivalent thereto. Income Tax Gases, supra.
"Tbe Income Tax Law does not seek to reach property or an interest in property as such, but to reach incomes having a situs within tbe state or growing out of a privilege exercised or occupation conducted within tbe state." State ex rel. Manitowoc G. Co. v. Wis. Tax Comm. 161 Wis. 111, 152 N. W. 848.
"Income in tbe sense of tax laws is not tbe capital or stocks of goods in which tbe capital may be expended." U. S. Glue Co. v. Oak Creek, 161 Wis. 211, 153 N. W. 241.
When tbe Income Tax Law was first passed in 1911 tbe •stock in question was held by tbe plaintiff and was then of tbe value of $214,000. This fact is admitted to be established. In tbe judgment of tbe court all of this was capital, or, in other words, property; its status was fixed; no part of it could be made into income by legislative enactment. It was subject to taxation as property under tbe uniformity rule but not otherwise. It is not deemed necessary to go further in tbe present case, although other questions were raised and elaborately discussed, among them being tbe question whether, if property were bought as an investment after tbe passage of tbe law and afterwards sold at an advance, tbe profit could be taxed as income, and, if so, wbetber interest on tbe original investment is to be allowed in determining profits and wbetber, dividends received should be set off against tbe interest.
No opinion is expressed or intimated upon these questions nor upon tbe other questions raised in tbe Ingram Case.
By the Court. — Motion denied without costs.