Case Name: Victor Barocas, Respondent, v. Deborah Barocas, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 2012-04-17
Citations: 94 A.D.3d 551
Docket Number: 
Parties: Victor Barocas, Respondent, v Deborah Barocas, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 94
Pages: 551–557

Head Matter:
Victor Barocas, Respondent, v Deborah Barocas, Appellant.
[942 NYS2d 491]

Opinion:
Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Ellen Gesmer, J.), entered May 4, 2011, which denied defendant wife's motion for summary judgment declaring void the parties' November 1, 1995 prenuptial agreement, affirmed, without costs.
We reject defendant's contention that the property division provisions of the prenuptial agreement are unconscionable. Defendant failed to establish that her execution of the agreement was the result of inequitable conduct on plaintiffs part. Rather, the parties fully disclosed their respective assets and net worth, and the agreement was reviewed by independent counsel, who defendant admits had told her that the agreement was "completely unfair" and advised against signing it (Strong v Dubin, 48 AD3d 232 [2008]; Colyer v Colyer, 26 AD3d 303, 304 [2006]; Cron v Cron, 8 AD3d 186 [2004], lv dismissed 7 NY3d 864 [2006], lv denied 10 NY3d 703 [2008]). The fact that plaintiffs attorney recommended defendant's counsel, and that plaintiff paid her counsel's fees, is insufficient to demonstrate duress or overreaching (see Smith v Walsh-Smith, 66 AD3d 534 [2009], lv denied 14 NY3d 704 [2010]). Defendant's claim that she believed that there would be no wedding if she did not sign the agreement, that the wedding was only two weeks away and that wedding plans had been made, is insufficient to demonstrate duress (see Colello v Colello, 9 AD3d 855, 858 [2004]). Although application of the provisions would result in plaintiff retaining essentially all the property, courts will not set aside an agreement on the ground of unconscionability where inequitable conduct was lacking and simply because, in retrospect, the agreement proves to be improvident or one-sided (see Christian v Christian, 42 NY2d 63, 72 [1977]; McCaughey v McCaughey, 205 AD2d 330, 331 [1994]). The circumstances surrounding the execution of the agreement disclose no issue of fact as to whether there was overreaching. We therefore adhere to the general rule that " '[i]f the execution of the agreement . be fair, no further inquiry will be made' " (Levine v Levine, 56 NY2d 42, 47 [1982], quoting Christian, 42 NY2d at 73).
Moreover, "[djuly executed prenuptial agreements are accorded the same presumption of legality as any other contract" (Bloomfield v Bloomfield, 97 NY2d 188, 193 [2001]). We disagree with the dissent's conclusion that there is an issue of fact as to whether the property division provisions of the instant agreement are unconscionable. An unconscionable contract is one "which is so grossly unreasonable as to be unenforcible because of an absence of meaningful choice on part of one of the parties together with contract terms which are unreasonably favorable to the other party" (King v Fox, 7 NY3d 181, 191 [2006]). Here, meaningful choice is not an issue inasmuch as defendant knowingly entered into the agreement against the advice of her counsel.
Although defendant's waiver of spousal support was not unfair or unreasonable at the time she signed the agreement, given her knowing and voluntary execution thereof with benefit of counsel, factual issues exist as to whether the waiver would be unconscionable as applied to the present circumstances (see Domestic Relations Law § 236 [B] [3] [3]). Child support award for the parties' two children has not been established, and it is unclear whether defendant would become a public charge without spousal support (see Cron, 8 AD3d at 187; see also Domestic Relations Law § 236 [B] [3] [3]; General Obligations Law § 5-311; Bloomfield, 97 NY2d at 194). Also, it is unclear whether waiver of all spousal support would result in inequality "so strong and manifest as to shock the conscience and confound the judgment of any [person] of common sense" (Christian, 42 NY2d at 71 [internal quotation marks omitted]). In particular, the evidence shows that, despite the 15-year marriage, under the agreement, plaintiff would be entitled to retain property valued at about $4,600,000, while defendant would be entitled to only an IRA account valued at approximately $30,550. She claims that she has no other assets or sources of income, and could no longer work, given that she is now 50 years old and that plaintiff had thwarted her efforts to get a college education and pursue a career during the marriage. Plaintiff, however, contends that defendant chose not to get a college degree or pursue a career, and that, while he supported her various business projects, the projects failed or she would quit after losing interest. Accordingly, we find that issues of fact exist as to whether the maintenance waiver would be unconscionable as applied to the current circumstances. Concur — Andrias, J.P., DeGrasse and Freedman, J.