Case Name: In the Matter of the Application of Alfred Roe and William Cruikshank, Executors and Trustees, etc.
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1889-07-09
Citations: 24 N.Y. St. Rep. 775
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of the Application of Alfred Roe and William Cruikshank, Executors and Trustees, etc.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 24
Pages: 775–778

Head Matter:
In the Matter of the Application of Alfred Roe and William Cruikshank, Executors and Trustees, etc.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
Filed July 9, 1889.)
1. Trusts—Real estate held nsr trust—Sale by trustee—When may be ordered—Laws 1886, chap. 357.
Laws 1886, chapter 357, provides that “where a trust is or shall he expressed in the instrument creating the trust,” every sale or other act of the trustee in contravention of the trust is void, but “that the supreme court shall have power, upon such terms and conditions as to the court, shall seem just and proper in any case, to authorize any such trustee to mortgage or sell any such real estate whenever it shall appear to the satisfaction of said court, or a judge thereof, that it is for the best interest of said estate so to do, and that it is necessary, and for the benefit of the estate, to raise by mortgage thereon, or by a sale thereof, funds for the purpose of preserving or improving such estate.” Held, that it is only where the real estate will he lost because the estate to which it belongs has no means to keep down faxes, or the interest on the incumbrances thereon, or where means are necessarily needed which cannot be procured from any other source to pay the charges upon other portions of the estate, or where there is power to improve, the carrying out of which would result in permanent advantage to the balance of the estate, that a sale is proper.
2. Same—Sale not ordered merely to benefit life tenant.
Held, that the act refers to the trust estate created in lands, and that no authority was intended to be given to turn realty into personalty in contravention of an instrument merely to increase the income of life tenants.
Appeal from order confirming referee’s report.
Thomas T. Sherman, for infant, app’lts; JohnJ. MacTclin, for resp’ts; W. L. Bowe, for respondent Vingut.

Opinion:
Van Brunt, P. J.
This proceeding was brought for tne purpose of procuring the sale of certain real estate which belonged to the estate of Elizabeth F. Floyd, deceased, and which real estate has been devised to her executors upon certain trusts, and as to which said trustees had no power of sale under the provisions of chapter 257 of the Laws of 1886, which provided that, "Where the trust is or shall be expressed in the instrument creating the trust," every sale or other act of the trustee in contravention of the trust, is void, provided, however, " that the supreme court shall have power, upon such terms and conditions as to the court shall seem just and proper in any case, to authorize any such trustee to mortgage or sell any such real estate whenever it shall appear to the satisfaction of said court or a judge thereof that it is for the best interest of said estate so to do, and that it is necessary, and for the benefit of the estate, to raise, by mortgage thereon, or by a sale thereof, funds for the purpose of preserving or improving such estate."
Proceedings having been had pursuant to the statute, and a reference having been had to take proof of the facts and circumstances stated in the petition, upon the coming in of this report, the court made an order in which, after stating that it appeared to its satisfaction, that it was for the best interest of the estate in question, and that it was necessary; and for the benefit of said estate to raise, by a sale of the premises described in the petition, funds for the purpose of preserving and improving such estate, it was ordered and adjudged that the same be sold, etc., and from this order this appeal is taken.
The only question which has been presented upon this appeal seems so be as to the constitutionality of the act above recited.
We think, however, that there is another point which disposes of this application.
The only ground upon which it is claimed that it is for the best interest of the estate in question or that it is necessary for the benefit of the estate to raise by a sale of the real estate mentioned in the petition, funds for the purpose of preserving or improving such estate, is that the property to be sold is unimproved and yields no income, and by a sale thereof the income of the estate would be increased. There is no claim but that the estate is able to keep down the taxes, etc., upon the property, nor is there any claim that there is any danger of its being lost if unsold, and the only improvement to the estate which would result from a sale seems to be that the income of the life-tenant would be thereby increased.
We do not think that this affords any ground whatever for the granting of the order for sale.
It is only where the real estate will be lost because the estate to which it belongs has no means to keep down taxes or the interest on incumbrances thereon, or where means are necessarily needed, which cannot be procured from any other source to pay the charges upon other portions of the estate, or where there is power to improve, the carrying out of which would result in permanent advantage to the balance of the estate. This is the plain and unequivocal language of the statute. It must appear that a sale is necessary, not advisable, to procure funds for the preserving or improving such estate. Where the estate is amply able to pay the charges upon its real estate, funds are not needed for its preservation and the only manner in which it is claimed that these funds will improve the estate is that they will increase the income of the life-tenants. This certainly may improve the estate of the life-tenants, but it in no way tends to improve the estate of testatrix. It is clear that this kind of improvement was not intended, but what is authorized, is to sell some portion of the real-estate for the purpose of bettering the .balance, whereby the whole estate would be rendered more valuable.
That this is the true construction of the act in question, is plainly shown by the history of legislation upon this subject.
The first act that was passed upon this subject seems to have been chapter 26 of the Laws of 1884, in which is used exactly the same language used in the act in question, leaving out the words " or sell" and " or by a sale thereof," the only power being that to mortgage for the purposes of the act. That is where necessary to improve or preserve the estate, leave to mortgage might be given.
As it is clear that the income of an estate could not be increased by mortgaging real estate and investing the amounts realized by mortgages in a manner such as trustees are empowered to do, it is apparent that the legislature never meant by the words, "improving the estate," simply increasing the annual income, because that could not possibly be dope by raising funds upon mortgage, as it would take all the income derived from the funds raised upon the mortgage if invested to keep down the interest upon the charge. By the insertion of the power of sale, in the act of 1886, it certainly was not intended to change the whole meaning of the words of the statute already in existence, but simply to afford additional means to raise funds.
It will further appear upon a close reading of the act that where the word "estate" is used, real estate is referred to.
The act in question is an amendment of a section of the Eevised Statutes relating to estate in lands, and where it speaks of the instrument creating the estate, it refers to an instrument creating an estate in lands; and this view is strengthened as we proceed in the reading of the act. It says: "To authorize any such trustee" (referring to the trustees appointed by the instrument mentioned)' "to mortgage or sell any such real estate." The only real estate mentioned was the real estate as to which the trust was created by the instrument, and so whenever estate is mentioned, it evidently refers to the trust estate created in lands. Therefore, when the statute speaks of improving or preserving such estate, it must mean the estate in the lands created; in other words, to preserve or improve the other real estate embraced within the trust, and no authority whatever was intended to be given to turn realty into personalty in contravention of an instrument merely to increase the income of the life tenants. If such is the rule, then no trust in unimproved real estate could ever be created.
The order appealed from should be reversed, and the application denied.
Daniels and Beady, JJ., concur.