Case Name: Gottlieb Treffinger, Appellant, v. M. Groh's Sons, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1906-04-06
Citations: 112 A.D. 250
Docket Number: 
Parties: Gottlieb Treffinger, Appellant, v. M. Groh’s Sons, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 112
Pages: 250–254

Head Matter:
Gottlieb Treffinger, Appellant, v. M. Groh’s Sons, Respondent.
First Department,
April 6, 1906.
Master and servant — contract of employment—timé of service agreed npon after commencement of service—bolding over at end of term — pleading — complaint on breach of contract for service sustained — demurrer fair inference from pleading. .
If parties to a contract for services see fit .they may agree, even in the midst of " the term, in consideration of future faithful service, to make the hiring of a definite character, measured by a particular period. When such agreement establishes a yearly hiring for preceding years, and the servant continues in employment after the expiration of a year with the consent of thp master, it effects a hiring for another year.
Hence, when a plaintiff, suing on the breach of such contract of employment., alleges in substance that ip April, 1897, he entered into a contract,hy which it was agreed in consideration of his faithfully serving defendant for the period from January 1, 1897, to December 81, 1897, the hiring be considered a yearly one at a .certain compensation per year, etc., and that he held over and continued in the employ of the defendant on the election -of the defendant to, continue the employment for the years 1898, 1899 and 1900, the complaiút' will be sustained on demurrer, although there is no allegation that the plaintiff served from January 1 to April in-the year 1897.
Although it' is not alleged in words that the plaintiff assented to the defendant’s election to- continue -the employment for another year,, under the rule that as against a demurrer a pleading will be deemed to allege all its fair intendments, the complaint is sufficient if the facts alleged inferentially show that the plaintiff did so assent..
McLaughlin, J., dissented, with opinion.
Appeal by the plaintiff, Gottlieb Treffinger, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant,; entered in the office of the clerk xof the county of New York on the 13th day of November, 1905, upon the decision .of the court, rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term, sustaining the ’defendant’s demurrer to the second amended complaint.
Abram I. Elkus, for the appellant.
Thomas F. Keogh, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Houghton, J.:
The plaintiff obtained leave to serve an amended complaint, to 0|bviate the' difficulties pointed out by'this court in reversing a judgment which he had obtained on proof at variance with his allegations. (100 App. Div. 433.)
The gravamen of the action is that the plaintiff was hired by the defendant for the entire year 1900, at an annual compensation, and that^ without cause, defendant discharged him before the end of the period, for which breach damages are demanded.
Ño specific contract is alleged to have been made for the year 1900, the plaintiff claiming that there was a contract for that year because there had been yearly hirings for the same servióe at the same compensation for previous years, and that the holding over constituted a rehiring for the subsequent- year. The plaintiff's services began in the year 1897. The allegation with respect to the hiring at that time is, " that on or about the 18th day of April, 1897, the plaintiff entered into an agreement with the defendant by which it was.understood and agreed that in consideration of the plaintiff's faithfully serving the defendant for the period from January 1, 1897, to December 31, 1897, the defendant would pay to the plaintiff the sum of Six thousand (6,000) dollars per year for the said services, and the defendant thereupon hired the plaintiff to work for it, as its brewmaster, for the said period at the said salary and the plaintiff agreed with defendant so to work and serve for the said time and the said compensation." Then follow the allegations that plaintiff performed and defendant paid, and that plaintiff held over for the years 1898, 1899 and 1900, whereby defendant elected in each year to continue the said employment for that year at the same compensation, and that the plaintiff performed to the 1st day of November, 1900, when defendant wrongfully discharged him.
The criticism is that the allegation quoted does not show a hiring from January 1 to December 31, 1897, because no contract could be made in April of that year for services during the entire year. If the allegation had- been that on the 18th of April, 1897, the parties agreed that, in consideration of the plaintiff having from the previous first of January to that time, faithfully served the defendant as brewmaster, and of his continuing to do so until the following thirty-first of December, his employment should be deemed a yearly one, at a yearly compensation, we apprehend there would have been no criticism that the plaintiff did not allege a yearly hiring. If the parties saw fit, in consideration of future faithful service, they could agree, even in the midst of the term, to make the hiring of a definite character -measured by a particular period. Taking the plaintiff's complaint as a. whole, we think he has so alleged. He says, in substance, that on the'18th day of April, 1897, he entered into an agreement by which it was/understood and agreed, in consideration of his faithfully serving the defendant for the period from January 1, 1897 to December 31,. 1897, the defendant would deem his hiring a yearly one, and pay him a certain compensation per year, and that the defendant thereupon hired him. to work for stich period of a year at the stipulated salary, and that he assented thereto and' served in accordance therewith. There is no allegation that the plaintiff had faithfully served from the first of January to the eighteenth of April, and there is some ambiguity as to what the term "said period''prelates, A pleading, as against a demurrer, will be deemed to allege whatever rnay.be implied fro in its statements by fair and reasonable intendment, and the demurrer cannot be sustained simply because the facts are imperfectly or informally averred of argumentatively stated, or lack definiteness and precision. (Kain v. Larkin, 141 N. Y. 144.)
In addition, the plaintiff alleges that he held over and continued in the employ of the defendant for the entire year 1898, on the election of the defendant to continue his employment for the period of that year, and that the 'same occurred with respect to the-year 1899, and that he entered upon the year 1900 under .the same agreement. If there was a yearly hiring for either of the years preceding the year 190p, the holding over under the circumstances alleged would' constitute. a hiring for such year." Where there is a hiring for one year and the. servant continues in the employment after the expiration of the year, with the consent of the master, this effects a hiring for another year. (Brightson v. Claflin Co., 180 N. Y. 76, 80 ; Adams v. Fitzpatrick, 125 id. 124.)
Criticism is made that the plaintiff alleges that only the defendant elected to continue the employment for another year. It is not alleged in words "that the plaintiff assented, but the facts which he alleges- show that he did; and by fair intendment that he and the defendant both assumed- that he was serving during the years 1898 and 1899, at least, under a contract of yearly hiring. It might well be said that lie alleges a contract, created by .operation of law for the year 1900. (Bennett v. Mahler, 90 App. Div. 22.)
Our conclusion is that the demurrer was improperly sustained, and that it should have been overruled.
The interlocutory judgment should be reversed, with costs, and the demurrer overruled, with costs, with leave to the defendant to withdraw the demurrer and to plead upon payment of costs of the appeal and of the trial court.
O'Brien, P. J., Ingraham and Clarke, JJ., concurred; McLaughlin, J., dissented.