Case Name: Ranveer Pal SINGH, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2010-05-26
Citations: 379 F. App'x 15
Docket Number: No. 09-1067-ag
Parties: Ranveer Pal SINGH, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
Judges: PRESENT: ROBERT A. KATZMANN, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 379
Pages: 15–17

Head Matter:
Ranveer Pal SINGH, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
No. 09-1067-ag.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
May 26, 2010.
Sebastian Maguire, Jackson Heights, NY, for Petitioner.
Tony West, Assistant Attorney General, Richard M. Evans, Assistant Director, Joan E. Smiley, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
PRESENT: ROBERT A. KATZMANN, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
Petitioner Ranveer Pal Singh, a native and citizen of India, seeks review of a February 17, 2009, order of the BIA affirming the September 24, 2007, decision of Immigration Judge ("IJ") Alan A. Vomacka, denying his application for asylum and withholding of removal. In re Ranveer Pal Singh, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. Feb. 17, 2009), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Sept. 24, 2007). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.
Under the circumstances of this case, we review the decision of the IJ as supplemented by the BIA. See Yan Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir.2005). The applicable standards of review are well established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Bah v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 99, 110 (2d Cir.2008); Corovic v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 90, 95 (2d Cir.2008).
The BIA reasonably found that even assuming his credibility, Singh failed to demonstrate that he suffered past persecution. In order to constitute persecution, the alleged past harm must be sufficiently severe, rising above "mere harassment." Ivanishvili v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 433 F.3d 332, 341 (2d Cir.2006). In his brief, Singh argues that the agency erred in determining that he was "merely harassed" by members of the Muslim League Party in light of the "frequency and severity" of his encounters with them. Although we have explained that "violent conduct generally goes beyond the mere annoyance and distress that characterize harassment," id. at 342, we have never held that all forms of physical mistreatment rise to the level of persecution. Rather, the difference between persecution and harassment "must be assessed with regard to the context in which the mistreatment occurs." Beskovic v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 223, 226 (2d Cir.2006) (cautioning the BIA to be "keenly sensitive" to the fact that a " 'minor beating' or, for that matter, any physical degradation designed to cause pain, humiliation, or other suffering, may rise to the level of persecution if it occurred in the context of an arrest or detention on the basis of a protected ground"). We are satisfied that the BIA considered the context of the incidents Singh described and find no error in its conclusion that they did not rise to the level of persecution. Cf. Baba v. Holder, 569 F.3d 79, 85 (2d Cir.2009).
Furthermore, substantial evidence supports the agency's conclusion that Singh failed to demonstrate that he had a well-founded fear of future persecution. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(2)(i). An applicant is not eligible for asylum when he "could avoid future persecution by relocating to another part of [his] country of nationality or, if stateless, another part of [his] country of last habitual residence, if under all the circumstances it would be reasonable to expect [him] to do so." See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(2)(n), 1208.16(b)(2). In making his relocation finding, the IJ noted that although Singh testified that he would be targeted by a Muslim group in the city where his family lives, India is a "vast country . that is most strongly non-Muslim." See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(3). The IJ further found that Singh could relocate to the northern part of the state (which is heavily populated by Sikhs) or to another state within India where Muslims are not the majority group. Singh argues that the agency erred in finding that he could relocate because the Muslim League Party has "branches and . members all over" India and that the Indian government cannot control them. However, we are not compelled to conclude, contrary to the agency, that relocation was not a reasonable option for Singh. Finally, the record does not support Singh's argument that the agency "overlooked" the documentary evidence he submitted. See Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 336 n. 17 (2d Cir.2006) ("presum[ing] that [the agency] has taken into account all of the evidence before [it], unless the record compellingly suggests otherwise").
Because Singh was unable to demonstrate his eligibility for asylum, the agency reasonably denied his application for withholding of removal, as it was based on the same factual predicate. See Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156 (2d Cir.2006). Additionally, contrary to Singh's argument, the agency did not err in failing to consider his application for CAT relief because in this Court's July 2006 order remanding his case to the BIA, we found that he waived any challenge to the agency's denial of his application for CAT relief. That finding remains the law of the case. See Johnson v. Holder, 564 F.3d 95, 99 (2d Cir.2009).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. As we have completed our review, any stay of removal that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED, and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).