Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gemini BOYD, a/k/a Jaraun Boyd, a/k/a Gemini, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2002-08-22
Citations: 43 F. App'x 662
Docket Number: No. 02-6242
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gemini BOYD, a/k/a Jaraun Boyd, a/k/a Gemini, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 43
Pages: 662–664

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gemini BOYD, a/k/a Jaraun Boyd, a/k/a Gemini, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 02-6242.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Submitted July 19, 2002.
Decided Aug. 22, 2002.
Gemini Boyd, Appellant Pro Se. Gretchen C.F. Shappert, Assistant United States Attorney, Charlotte, North Carolina, for Appellee.
Before MICHAEL and MOTZ, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge.
Dismissed by unpublished PER CURIAM opinion.

Opinion:
OPINION
PER CURIAM.
Gemini Boyd seeks to appeal the district court's order denying his motion filed under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (2000). Boyd raises three issues on appeal, contending that (1) he is entitled to relief under Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000); (2) he received ineffective assistance of counsel; and (3) the district court erred in finding that his sentencing claim regarding drug quantity was considered and rejected by this court on direct appeal. Finding no reversible error, we deny a certificate of appealability and dismiss the appeal.
First, we have clearly held that the rule announced in Apprendi is not retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review. United States v. Sanders, 247 F.3d 139, 151 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 122 S.Ct. 573, 151 L.Ed.2d 445 (2001). Accordingly, we find that the district court correctly found that Boyd was not entitled to relief on this claim.
In his second claim, Boyd claims that counsel was ineffective for failing to request a special verdict form requiring the jury to determine whether he was guilty of conspiring to distribute cocaine powder or cocaine base. In support of this claim, Boyd relies on United States v. Rhynes, 196 F.3d 207 (4th Cir.1999) (holding that a defendant in a multi-drug conspiracy cannot receive a sentence exceeding the statutory maximum applicable to the least-punished conspiracy of which he might have been convicted), vacated in part on other grounds, 218 F.3d 310 (4th Cir.) (en banc), and United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337, 341 (4th Cir.1975) (holding that resentencing was appropriate where it was impossible to determine from a general verdict form which of two separate statutes the jury found the defendant guilty of violating). Although the Rhynes decision issued while Boyd's case was pending on direct appeal, we find that Boyd cannot establish that counsel was ineffective for failing to argue this issue on appeal because he fails to demonstrate prejudice under the second prong of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). The record reveals that overwelming and essentially uncontroverted evidence at trial demonstrated that Boyd was responsible for at least 1.5 kilograms of crack cocaine. See United States v. Bowens, 224 F.3d 302, 314-15 (4th Cir.2000) (holding that, where there is overwhelming evidence that a defendant who trafficked in multiple drug types trafficked primarily in the drug carrying the greater penalty, Rhynes error will not be noticed), cert. denied, 532 U.S. 944, 121 S.Ct. 1408, 149 L.Ed.2d 349 (2001).
Finally, Boyd contends that the district court erred in finding that his sentencing claim regarding drug quantity was considered and rejected by this court on direct appeal. In his motion before the district court, Boyd claimed that the district court erred in not sentencing him for a "cocaine-only conspiracy conviction" and thus violated the holding in Rhynes. The district court construed this sentencing claim as alleging that the sentencing court committed error in attributing the quantity and type of cocaine to Boyd in calculating his sentence. The court noted that this court considered and rejected Boyd's claim regarding the type and quantity of drugs attributable to him on direct appeal and thus found that Boyd was barred from raising the claim again on collateral review. We find that although Boyd did raise a related sentencing claim, he did not raise a Rhynes-tjpe claim on direct appeal before this court. Nonetheless, Boyd may not now raise such a claim on collateral review. Non-constitutional claims that could have been raised on direct appeal and were not may not be raised in a collateral proceeding under § 2255. Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465, 477 n. 10, 96 S.Ct. 3037, 49 L.Ed.2d 1067 (1976).
For the reasons discussed above, we deny a certificate of appealability and dismiss the appeal. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
DISMISSED.