Case Name: Albert E. Andrus and Mart R. Robinson, Respondents, v. William W. Wheeler, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1897
Citations: 22 A.D. 596
Docket Number: 
Parties: Albert E. Andrus and Mart R. Robinson, Respondents, v. William W. Wheeler, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 22
Pages: 596–598

Head Matter:
Albert E. Andrus and Mart R. Robinson, Respondents, v. William W. Wheeler, Appellant.
A State tax sale — defects therein must be shown with reasonable certainty—property struck off to the State.
Owners who seek to vacate a State tax sale should prove, with reasonable certainty, the jurisdictional defects claimed to exist in the sale.
At a State tax sale of a lot, in which the State neither had nor announced any claim of ownership, and for which it was, for that reason, excluded by statute from bidding, except in competition with other bidders, the lot was struck off to the State, there being no proof as to whether there were or were not other bidders.
Held, that the sale to the State was valid.
Where the State already owns one-half of a lot, it is not entitled at a State tax sale to reject all bids for the lot and buy in the entire lot without competition.
Appeal by the defendant, William W. Wheeler, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiffs, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Franklin on the 11th day of February, 1897, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the Franklin Trial Term before the court without a jury,, adjudging the plaintiffs to be the owners of the lands therein described, and that the patents of the defendant are a cloud upon the plaintiffs’ title thereto.
John P. Kellas, for the appellant.
W. P. Oantwell, for the respondents.

Opinion:
Putnam, J.:
The defendant's title to the land described in the complaint was; derived under the tax sales of 1881 and 1885. The learned trial court held that in each of those sales occurred jurisdictional defects-that render the title derived thereunder invalid and void. In his opinion he said: " At the 1881 sale, the State, upon the assumption that it then owned all of lot 87, rejected all bids therefor, and the whole lot was bid off by the Comptroller for the State. The State did not then own the east half of lot 87 — it did, however, own the west half, and it was the duty of the Comptroller under the statutes then in force to reject all bids on that portion of the lot, but as to the east half he could not legally reject bids, neither could the State become a purchaser except by entering into competition with other bidders, and not having done this the sale of the east half to the State constitutes a serious jurisdictional defect which is not cured by the statutes of 1885 or 1893." He finds the same jurisdictional defect in the sale of 1885.
After a careful examination of the evidence, we are of the opinion that the trial judge inadvertently assumed a state of facts not warranted by the testimony.
If either of the sales of 1881 or 1885 was properly conducted, the State acquired title to the premises in question which it could convey to the defendant, and this action could not be maintained.
To show jurisdictional defects in the sales of 1881 and 1885, the plaintiff called as a witness one Sidney W. Park, a clerk in the Comptroller's office during those years, who conducted the sales in question. He testified in reference to the sale, of 1881 that a list of the lots owned by the State was made, and in the sale book prepared for the occasion those lots were marked " For the State," or, where the State owned a portion of such lots, they were marked ." Part State." That in all cases where the State had acquired ownership of lots, they were struck off to the State, and other bids thereon were rejected. The following question was asked and answer given by the witness:
" Q. Was that announcement made every morning, that on lands marked ' State ' all bids would be rejected ? A. That all lands owned, or claimed to be owned, by the State, or against which the State held a Loan Commissioner's mortgage, or a bond for the part payment of a prior purchase; in fact, all lands wherein the State was pecuniarily interested were to be bid off for the State, and that all individual bids made therefor would be rejected. We announced that every morning."
The same announcement was made at the sale of 1885. In the sale of 1881 the lot in question was marked " State," and, although the witness has no recollection whether any bids were made on the lot, he testified that if any were made they were rejected.
In reference to the sale of 1885, it appears from the testimony of the witness that the lot in question was not marked in the sale book " For the State." It was not shown that the State, at the time of the sale, made any claim to the lot, or announced that it made such claim. The witness does not know whether or not any bids were made for the lot, or whether any bids were rejected. The following questions were asked and answers given: " Q. What do you find on the book to indicate that it was bid off ? A. It was entered that the State was purchaser. Q. According to the rules of the Comptroller's office, would it have been entered there that the State was the purchaser unless the State had claimed title to it? A. Or unless there were no other bidders."
For all that appears in the case the premises were put up for sale, no claim to the lot being then made or announced by the State, and, there being no other bidders, it was regularly and properly struck off to the State. The announcement made on the morning of the sale, that lands owned or claimed by the State would be bid off by it, and'bids thereon rejected, was not sufficient to invalidate the sale, the premises in question not being marked in the sale book as State land, and no announcement being shown to have been made that the State claimed the land, and no proof being given that bids thereon were made or rejected.
The party seeking to set aside a tax sale made by the officers of the State should show the jurisdictional defects he claims with reasonable certainty. Such a sale should not be vacated on mere conjecture.
We, therefore, conclude the plaintiff failed to show any jurisdictional defect in the sale of 1885, and, hence, the invalidity of the defendant's title.
The judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs ' to abide the event.
All concurred.
Judgment reversed, new trial granted, costs to abide the event.