Case Name: Rice's Ex'or v. Annatt's Adm'r
Court: Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia
Jurisdiction: Virginia
Decision Date: 1852-04
Citations: 8 Gratt. 557
Docket Number: 
Parties: *Rice’s Ex’or v. Annatt’s Adm’r.
Judges: (Absent Cabell, P„ and Baldwin, J.)
Reporter: Virginia Reports
Volume: 49
Pages: 667–668

Head Matter:
*Rice’s Ex’or v. Annatt’s Adm’r.
April Term, 1852,
Richmond.
(Absent Cabell, P„ and Baldwin, J.)
1. Debt — Plea of Payment — Evidence—Parol Admissions of Plaintiff. — In an action of debt under the plea of payment the defendant may give in evidence parol admissions of the plaintiff that but a portion of the debt claimed is really due.
2. Same — Same—When an Account fiust Be Filed. — Where the defendant relies upon a specific payment or set off by way of discount against a debt, an account stating distinctly the nature of such payment or set off, and the several items thereof, must be filed with the plea; though the defendant may rely upon the parol admissions of the plaintiff to prove such payment. But this is not necessary where no specific payment is relied on; but the defendant offers proof of the admissions of the plaintiff that but a portion of the debt is due.
This was an action of debt in the Circuit court of Halifax county, by the administrator of John Annatt against the executor of Jesse Rice. The action was founded on a bond for 109 dollars 38 cents, dated and payable on the 13th of May 1829, executed by Jesse Rice to John Annatt; and the only defence was payment by the defendant’s testator. With the plea of payment, the defendant filed an account of payment and offsets, the first item in which was, 1829, May 13, paid 109 dollars 38 cents. The other items were set offs.
On the trial of the cause there was a verdict for the plaintiff under an instruction from the Court; and the defendant then applied for a new trial on the ground of misdirection. It appeared that on the trial the defendant introduced a witness, who stated that he heard the plaintiff, sometime before the institution of this suit, tell the defendant that 25 dollars only of the bond declared upon remained unpaid. And this being the only '^'direct evidence of a payment, the plaintiff’s counsel moved the Court to exclude it from the jury, on the ground that no such payment as that indicated by the testimony was stated in the account of payments filed with the plea. This motion the Court overruled, but instructed the jury, that as no such payment was stated in the account filed with the plea, they could not on that testimony find a partial payment of the bond declared upon; but that they might use the testimony along with the other evidence, to fortify the presumption of payment arising from the length of time.
The Court overruled the motion for a new trial, and rendered a judgment upon the verdict for the plaintiff. Whereupon, the defendant having excepted to the opinion of the Court overruling his motion for a new trial, applied to this Court for a super-sedeas, which was awarded.
Stanard & Bouldin, for the appellant.
Patton, for the appellee.
Debts — Plea of Payment — When an Account Must Be Filed. — See principal case cited in Arnold v. Cole, 42 W. Va. 666, 26 S. E. Rep. 313; Shanklin v. Crisamore, 4 W. Va. 136. See also, monographic note on “Debt, The Action of” appended to Davis v. Mead, 13 Gratt. 118.

Opinion:
ALiUEN, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court.
The Court is of opinion, that as by the act of assembly, 1 Rev. Code 509, % 84, it was provided, that if before action brought the defendant hath paid the principal and interest due by the defeasance or condition, he may plead payment in bar, it would have been competent to give in evidence the parol admissions of the plaintiff that nothing was due in support of such plea of payment. And as by the act of assembly, 1 Rev. Code 487, ch. 127, it was provided, that in an action of debt due by judgment, bond, bill or otherwise, the defendant shall have liberty, upon the trial thereof, to make all the discount he can against such debt; and upon proof thereof the same shall be allowed in Court; it is competent under the plea of payment to give in evidence parol admissions of the plaintiff, that but a portion *of the debt claimed was really due. Where the defendant relies upon a specific payment or set-off by way of discount against the debt, an account stating distinctly the nature of such payment or set-off, and the several items thereof, must be filed with the plea; though the defendant may rely on parol admissions of the plaintiff to prove such payments. But this does not apply to a case where no specific payment is relied on; as the defendant maj be destitute of any evidence to prove the same and still be enabled to prove by the admissions of the plaintiff, that but a portion of the debt sued for is due. Unless such proof be admissible under the general plea of payment, the defendant would be deprived of a defence which the justice of the case required.
The Court is therefore of opinion that the Circuit court erred in instructing the jury that upon evidence of the declarations of the plaintiff in the action sometime before the institution of the suit, that 25 dollars only of the bond mentioned in the declaration remained unpaid, they could not on. that testimony find a partial payment of the bond in the declaration mentioned, because no such payment was stated in the account filed with the plea, and in overruling the motion of the plaintiff in error to set aside the verdict and grant him a new trial on account of such misdirection. It is therefore considered that said judgment be reversed with costs; and the cause is remanded with instructions to set aside the verdict and award a new trial upon the usual terms.
Judgment reversed.