Case Name: PEOPLE v. NELSON
Court: Michigan Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 1978-11-06
Citations: 86 Mich. App. 651
Docket Number: Docket No. 31236
Parties: PEOPLE v NELSON
Judges: Before: D. E. Holbrook, P.J., and V. J. Brennan and M. F. Cavanagh, JJ.
Reporter: Michigan appeals reports; cases decided in the Michigan Court of Appeals.
Volume: 86
Pages: 651–655

Head Matter:
PEOPLE v NELSON
Docket No. 31236.
Submitted February 15, 1978, at Detroit.
Decided November 6, 1978.
Leave to appeal applied for.
Christopher Nelson was convicted of armed robbery in Recorder’s Court of Detroit, John Patrick O’Brien, J. Defendant appeals claiming that references to his economic and employment status by the prosecuting attorney were error requiring reversal. Held:
The prosecutor’s comments on defendant’s impecuniousness were error, but the error does not mandate reversal because the comment was brief and the evidence against the defendant was overwhelming.
Affirmed.
M. F. Cavanagh, J., dissented. He would hold that the error requires reversal because the prosecutor’s questions and references were irrelevant and served no purpose other than to inject impermissible prejudicial inferences into the trial.
Opinion op the Court
1. Appeal and Error — Criminal Law — Prosecutor’s Comments— Impecuniousness — Overwhelming Evidence — Harmless Error.
Error resulting from a prosecutor’s comment on a defendant’s impecuniousness does not mandate reversal under the harmless error test where the comment was brief and the evidence against the defendant was overwhelming (MCL 769.26; MSA 28.1096).
References for Points in Headnotes
[1, 2] 5 Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error § 778.
58 Am Jur 2d, New Trial §§ 31, 57, 60, 138.
75 Am Jur 2d, Trial §§ 293-295.
Counsel’s reference in criminal case to wealth, poverty, or financial status of defendant or victim as grounds for mistrial, new trial, or reversal. 36 ALR3d 839.
Dissent by M. F. Cavanagh, J.
2. Appeal and Error — Criminal Law — Prosecutor’s Comments— Defendant’s Economic and Employment Status — Irrelevant References — Prejudice—Trial Objection.
Prosecutorial references to a defendant’s economic and employment status in cross-examination and closing argument constitute prejudicial error requiring reversal where the questions and references were irrelevant and served no purpose other than to inject impermissible prejudicial inferences into the trial; the Court of Appeals should reverse convictions in cases where interjection of the subject of a defendant’s unemployment is obviously an expedient, where reiteration of the matter in closing argument makes clear it was not an inadvertent slip, and where the defendant has by some form of objection raised the issue at trial.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Edward Reilly Wilson, Principal Attorney, Appeals, and Daniel J. Petrella, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Derrick A. Carter, Assistant State Appellate Defender, for defendant on appeal.
Before: D. E. Holbrook, P.J., and V. J. Brennan and M. F. Cavanagh, JJ.

Opinion:
V. J. Brennan, J.
The defendant was charged with two counts of armed robbery, MCL 750.529; MSA 28.797, and was convicted after a jury trial of one count. The defendant was sentenced to 15 to 30 years in prison and appeals as of right. Three issues are raised on appeal, only one of which merits discussion.
The facts surrounding the defendant's claim of prosecutorial error are set forth in the dissenting opinion.
Although we feel that the prosecutor's comment on the defendant's impecuniousness in the present case constituted error, we do not believe that such error mandates reversal upon application of the harmless error test. MCL 769.26; MSA 28.1096. See People v Ronald Green, 74 Mich App 601, 604; 254 NW2d 788 (1977).
At trial the defendant did not question the fact that the robbery took place but raised the defense of alibi. Three eyewitnesses were introduced who testified that they picked the defendant out of a lineup and then positively identified the defendant at trial as the robber. In addition no alibi witnesses testified in regard to the robbery charge upon which the defendant was convicted.
The reference to the defendant's impecuniousness was brief and was not the subject of a prolonged effort by the prosecutor. Taking into account the brevity of the comment and the overwhelming evidence against the defendant, we hold the error harmless and affirm the defendant's conviction.
Affirmed.
D. E. Holbrook, P.J., concurred.
Here the Court in applying the second prong of the harmless error test cited the "lengthy jury deliberations and the relative dearth of direct evidence implicating the defendant" and was unable to hold harmless the prosecutorial misconduct which included comment on defendant's lack of employment.