Case Name: Bank of Pittsburgh v. Purcell et ux., Appellants
Court: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania
Decision Date: 1926-04-12
Citations: 286 Pa. 114
Docket Number: Appeal, No. 33
Parties: Bank of Pittsburgh v. Purcell et ux., Appellants.
Judges: ¿Before Moschzisker, C. J., Frazer, Walling, Simpson, Kephart, Sadler and Schaefer, JJ.
Reporter: Pennsylvania State Reports
Volume: 286
Pages: 114–119

Head Matter:
Bank of Pittsburgh v. Purcell et ux., Appellants.
Argued March 16, 1926.
¿Before Moschzisker, C. J., Frazer, Walling, Simpson, Kephart, Sadler and Schaefer, JJ.
Frederick W. Miller, for appellants.
— There was an adequate remedy at law: Kemmler v. McGovern, 238 Pa. 460; Haines’s App., 73 Pa. 169; Yonkers v. Warden, 8 Pa. Superior Ct. 395; Heller v. Fishman, 278 Pa. 328.
Mrs. Purcell was equal joint owner with Mr. Purcell of the savings which were being accumulated for the purchase of a home and which were so employed.
John M. Reed, with him W. A. Wilson, of Calvert, Thompson & Wilson, for appellee.
— Equity has concurrent jurisdiction with the law side of the court of actions to set aside alleged fraudulent conveyances of real estate : Smith v. McClure, 257 Pa. 168; Orr v. Peters, 197 Pa. 606; Kemmler v. McGovern, 238 Pa. 460; Wagner v. Fehr, 211 Pa. 435.
Defendants waived their right to object to the jurisdiction: Tide Water Pipe Line Co. v. Bell, 280 Pa. 104; New York & Pa. Co. v. R. R., 280 Pa. 297; Montgomery Bros. v. Montgomery, 269 Pa. 332; McConville v. Ingham, 268 Pa. 507.
The conveyance was voidable: Blick v. Cockins, 252 Pa. 56; Levy v. Hershberger, 249 Pa. 504; Rochester Trust Co. v. White, 243 Pa. 469.
April 12, 1926:

Opinion:
Opinion by
Mr. Justice Walling,
On March 3, 1919, the defendant,. Robert T. Purcell, completed the purchase of the property known as No. 69 McMunn Avenue, Crafton, Pennsylvania, paid the consideration therefor in full with his own funds and took a deed to himself. Thereafter, on October 10,1923, through a third party, he had the title transferred to himself and wife as an estate by entireties. At the latter date Purcell was wholly insolvent and indebted to plaintiff in approximately $13,000, for which it later obtained judgment and, at a sheriff's sale upon execution issued thereon, bought his interest in the property above mentioned and filed this bill to set aside the said conveyances from Purcell and to Purcell and wife. The case was heard upon bill, answer, replication and testimony and, the controlling facts being found in favor of plaintiff, a final decree was entered in due course granting the relief prayed for; therefrom defendants brought this appeal.
On the merits the decision was clearly right and the record discloses no cause for reversal. The answer raises the question of an adequate legal remedy, but as defendants went to trial on the merits and took ho steps to have that question decided in limine, as required by the Act of June 7, 1907, P. L. 440, the objection as to equity jurisdiction was waived and could not be interposed during or after trial. In such case the defendant must not only raise the question of jurisdiction but insist upon its decision before trial: Tide Water Pipe Co. v. Bell, 280 Pa. 104; Norristown v. Reading T. & L. Co., 277 Pa. 459; Friedline v. Hoffman, 271 Pa. 530 ; Wright et al. v. Baker, 270 Pa. 186; Montgomery Bros. v. Montgomery, 269 Pa. 332; McConville v. Ingham, 268 Pa. 507. The question of jurisdiction depends on the averments in the bill and not upon the answer or testimony; the chancellor, however, may dismiss the bill for lack of sufficient evidence: section 1, Act of June 7, 1907, supra. Where equity has jurisdiction of the subject-matter, as it has in case of fraudulent conveyance, or to remove a cloud upon the title (Octoraro Water Co. v. Garrison, 271 Pa. 421; Smith v. McClure et al., 257 Pa. 168; Wagner v. Fehr, 211 Pa. 435; Orr v. Peters, 197 Pa. 606; Houseman v. Grossman et al., 177 Pa. 453), upon which side of the court the question shall be determined is not vital and unless a defendant, sued in equity, insists before trial that the case be certified to the law side of the court, the right of trial by jury is waived and the case is properly heard and determined as one in chancery. So far as appears, no statute similar to our Act of 1907, supra, exists either in Michigan or South Carolina, so that cases called to our attention from those states, to the effect that where the creditor seizes and sells land conveyed, as alleged in fraud of creditors, he must test the validity of such conveyance by ejectment rather than in equity, are not persuasive.
Furthermore, to create a resulting trust in the wife of land standing in the name of the husband, as against his creditors, requires clear and satisfactory evidence, of which this record discloses none. The mere fact that a wife by thrift and economy enables her husband to accumulate property, held in his name, vests her with no interest therein except that of a spouse. While Mrs. Purcell seems to have received approximately $2,000 from the estates of her mother and grandmother, it clearly appears that no part thereof, or any other funds of the wife, were used in the purchase of the land in question; hence, had the case been tried as one of ejectment the trial judge would necessarily have given binding instructions for plaintiff (Onorato v. Carlini, 272 Pa. 489, 493; Gilchrist, Guardian, v. Brown et ux., 165 Pa. 275; Knecht v. Reichard, 60 Pa. Superior Ct. 273); and defendants lost nothing by the trial being in equity.
To establish Purcell's insolvency at the time of the alleged fraudulent transfer, plaintiff was permitted to prove his declarations. There was no error in this for the declarant was a party to the suit, in possession of and claiming a joint ownership in the land at issue and the declarations were against his interest. See Frazier v. Foreman, 269 Pa. 13; Miller et al. v. Baker, 160 Pa. 172. It is not the case of the competency of a husband's declarations to impeach the wife's title. Moreover, Purcell's insolvency clearly appeared by notes and other incontrovertible evidence and, as he later took the stand and testified fully as to his financial condition, the proof theretofore offered of his prior inconsistent declarations became pertinent as affecting his credibility: Miller et al. v. Baker, supra, 179; Thomas v. Butler, 16 Pa. Superior Ct. 268; Same v. Same, 24 Pa. Superior Ct. 305. It is not necessary to consider the effect of the Act of June 4, 1901, P. L. 425, requiring the execution and recording of a declaration of trust, etc., or of the Act of May 21, 1921, P. L. 1045, concerning fraudulent conveyances, etc.
The decree is affirmed and appeal dismissed at the cost of appellants.