Case Name: FAGAN v. ATNALTA, INC.
Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia
Jurisdiction: Georgia
Decision Date: 1988-11-03
Citations: 189 Ga. App. 460
Docket Number: 76518
Parties: FAGAN v. ATNALTA, INC.
Judges: Banke, P. J., Carley, Sognier, Pope, and Benham, JJ., concur. Deen, P. J., McMurray, P. J., and Beasley, J., dissent.
Reporter: Georgia Appeals Reports
Volume: 189
Pages: 460–467

Head Matter:
76518.
FAGAN v. ATNALTA, INC.
(376 SE2d 204)

Opinion:
Birdsong, Chief Judge.
Mitchell J. Fagan brought this tort action for injuries received while a patron at Atnalta's establishment, The Beer Mug, and appeals the grant of appellee's motion for summary judgment. On the evening of February 26, 1985, Fagan was one of a few customers in The Beer Mug, where he was dating the waitress. The bar was staffed by a female bartender, a female waitress, and a cook. Four customers were playing pool in an area adjacent to, but separate from, an area where Fagan was having a drink. An altercation occurred in the pool room area and the female bartender and waitress attempted to get those involved to leave via the back door. While both sides were still talking at the door, Fagan and another customer by the name of "Bob" gratuitously moved to a place behind the two women. The waitress went to call the police while the bartender tried to escort the belligerent customers outside. One of the men being forced to leave grabbed the bartender by the collar. Fagan grabbed the bartender from the rear to keep her from being pulled outside the bar. The men being forced to leave then turned their attention to the interloper and pulled him outside and administered a severe beating, even though "Bob" tried to assist him. The bartender was emphatic that she did not ask Fagan or Bob to assist her. She was asked if she was glad he was there and responded: "Not really 'cause if he hadn't have been there he wouldn't have gotten beat up so bad."
Appellant contends the defendant was negligent in failing to provide for the safety, security, and welfare of its patrons in the absence of security personnel or even a male employee, and that a history of assault incidents and violent patrons at the bar were evidence of a lack of care owed under OCGA § 51-3-1. Appellee argues that appellant had equal knowledge of the prior assaults and by voluntarily acting in view of his knowledge he assumed the risk incident to the known condition. Appellant knew The Beer Mug was staffed by the two women. He was aware of the prior incidents involving assaults and had been told of other assaults.
Although issues of negligence, lack of care in avoiding the negligence of others, lack of care for one's own safety, and assumption of the risk are ordinarily not susceptible to summary adjudication, either for or against the complainant (Simmons v. Classic City Beverages, 136 Ga. App. 150 (2) (220 SE2d 734)), "where the evidence shows clearly and palpably that the jury could reasonably draw but one conclusion" the issue of assumption of risk may be determined on summary judgment. Union Carbide Corp. v. Holton, 136 Ga. App. 726, 729 (222 SE2d 105); accord Myers v. Boleman, 151 Ga. App. 506, 508 (260 SE2d 359). The elements of assumption of risk are: (1) a hazard or danger which is inconsistent with the safety of the invitee, (2) the invitee must know and appreciate the danger, and (3) there must be an acquiescence or willingness on the part of the invitees to proceed in spite of the danger. Roberts v. King, 102 Ga. App. 518, 521 (116 SE2d 885); accord Abee v. Stone Mountain Mem. Assn., 169 Ga. App. 167, 169 (312 SE2d 142), aff'd 252 Ga. 465 (314 SE2d 444); Kitchens v. Winter Co. Bldrs., 161 Ga. App. 701, 703 (289 SE2d 807).
Appellant was asked: "Q. . . . when you approached that group you knew, as you've already stated, that if a fight-developed you and Bob would be in big trouble, as you're [sic] phrased it? A. Uh-huh (affirmative). Q. Is that yes? A. Yes. Q. And by big trouble you meant that you felt that you and Bob could be hurt if such a fight took place; is that fair to say? A. Yes." From appellant's own testimony, only one conclusion is permissible. He saw the situation, recognized the danger to himself, and voluntarily and deliberately thrust himself into the melee, without being asked.
" 'The business invitee on private premises assumes the risk of danger of which he knows about and fully comprehends, or which is sufficiently obvious. [Cit.]' 'That which a plaintiff may not do without barring himself from recovery is to accept a risk so obvious that taking it amounts to failure to exercise ordinary care for his own safety, [cit.], or recklessly to test an observed and clearly obvious peril, [cit.]' [Cit.] ' "A person cannot undertake to do an obviously dangerous thing . . . without himself being guilty of such lack of due care for his own safety as to bar him from recovery if he is injured. . . ." ' " Holbrook v. Prescott, 166 Ga. App. 588, 589 (305 SE2d 156); accord Roberts v. Bradley, 114 Ga. App. 262, 263 (150 SE2d 720); Kreiss v. Allatoona Landing, 108 Ga. App. 427, 437 (133 SE2d 602). Here, the appellant had a clear choice of alternative actions, stay out of the business of the management in expelling disorderly customers or voluntarily assist two female employees attempting to remove four rowdy male patrons from the premises. The appellant deliberately entered into a volatile confrontation between management and patrons. He saw the entire situation in front of him. He had the opportunity to measure the risk and testified that he was aware he would be in "big trouble" if a fight evolved from the confrontation. " ' "In the absence of anything to the contrary, every adult is presumed to possess such ordinary intelligence, judgment, and discretion as will enable him to appreciate obvious danger." ' " Union Carbide, supra at 731. Hence, an adult of ordinary intelligence will be held to be aware of manifest risk or danger of possible injury when he deliberately and voluntarily joins in an affray, as a matter of law. Id.; see also Abee v. Stone Mountain Mem. Assn., 252 Ga. 465, 466, supra; Lundy v. Stuhr, 185 Ga. App. 72, 75 (363 SE2d 343); Simmons, supra at 155; Christian v. Vargas, 116 Ga. App. 359, 362 (157 SE2d 308); Roberts, supra.
Accordingly, only one conclusion is permissible, that is, appellant saw and recognized the risk, and deliberately interjected himself into the affray after the bartender was grabbed by a customer being ejected. Appellant obviously assumed the risk of injury by voluntarily confronting four rowdy customers being ejected from a bar by management.
We find the evidence clear and palpable that the appellant assumed the risk and the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment to appellee.
Judgment affirmed.
Banke, P. J., Carley, Sognier, Pope, and Benham, JJ., concur. Deen, P. J., McMurray, P. J., and Beasley, J., dissent.