Case Name: The People of the State of New York, Plaintiff, v. James Hayes, Defendant
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1899-06
Citations: 2 Liquor Tax Rep. 120
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People of the State of New York, Plaintiff, v. James Hayes, Defendant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Liquor Tax Law Reports
Volume: 2
Pages: 120–122

Head Matter:
Supreme Court, Onondaga Special Term,
June, 1899.
Reported. 28 Misc. 93.
The People of the State of New York, Plaintiff, v. James Hayes, Defendant.
Grand jury—Indictment—Independent testimony as to offenses is sufficient, although the accused had, before the same grand jury, already admitted the commission of similar offenses at different dates.
Where the uncontradicted affidavit of a district attorney alleges that independent evidence was presented to a grand jury sufficient to justify the indictment of the defendant for certain illegal sales of liquor and also for keeping a disorderly house, the fact that the defendant had theretofore testified, before the same grand jury upon their inquiry into a charge made against a third person, to acts which indicated that he had, at dates other than those charged in the indictment, made illegal sales of liquor, and that he was keeping a disorderly house at a date several weeks later than the time charged in the indictment at bar, does not justify a dismissal of the indictments, as the court will presume that the grandr jury have done their duty and did not permit themselves to be influenced by matters which were not properly before them.
Motion by defendant to dismiss eight indictments found against Mm by a grand jury of Onondaga county, seven of said indictments charging illegal sales of liquor, and one the keeping of a disorderly house.
Nash & Lapham, for motion.
George W. Standen, opposed.

Opinion:
Hiscock, J.
Prior to May 16, 1899, the defendant kept a hotel in Syracuse. On May 15th, he was duly subpoenaed to appear before the grand jury as a witness against one Oliver Howard who was charged with manslaughter in causing the death of a man staying at his place. While being examined he gave evidence pertinent enough to the charge then being investigated but tending, in addition, to establish that upon May 10th he had violated the Liquor Tax Law, and also that upon that day he was maintaining a disorderly house.
The investigation of the charge upon which he was called as a witness was concluded, and after it was so concluded and a decision reached by the grand jury thereon, and upon another and subsequent day charges were presented to the same jury against defendant upon which the indictments in question were found. The illegal sales of liquor therein charged are not at all the same ones testified to by defendant, and the indictment for keeping a disorderly house related to a date several weeks prior to the one involved in his testimony. It affirmatively appears that the evidence given by defendant was in no manner presented to or used by the grand jury in finding the indictments. So far as appears, it would have been entirely incompetent and insufficient to sustain them. There is nothing to indicate that the grand jury did not have ample evidence outside of the testimony of defendant upon which to act. Upon the other hand, there is the affidavit of the district attorney that it did have such evidence. While this affidavit is not accompanied by the testimony itself, and, therefore, is somewhat in the nature of an opinion, still it is upon a subject upon which his opinion is presumed to be valuable, and what is important is that there is nothing upon the part of the defendant tending to establish the contrary.
Under these circumstances, the defendant asks that the indictments against him shall be dismissed. He claims that his rights have been invaded in procuring these indictments from the same grand jury which had heard him give evidence which might tend to support indictments for other similar but entirely distinct offenses; that while such evidence would not be a legal basis for the indictments which have been found, nevertheless the grand jury might thereby be prejudiced against him and made more ready to decide against him upon other charges.
I do not think the motion should be granted. Upon the affidavits, I must assume that there was ample evidence to support the indictments in question outside of anything said by defendant, and that his testimony was not and could not properly be used by the grand jury in finding them. To sustain defendant's claim that his admissions have been prejudicially and improperly used against him I must assume that the grand jury in disregard of their duty have allowed themselves to be influenced by matters not properly before them. This I am not disposed to do.
It is not the duty of the court to dismiss an indictment upon proof even of the mere fact that improper evidence has been submitted to a grand jury. If the legal evidence before them was such that disregarding the improper evidence the indictment would still have been found; if the jury were not influenced to find the indictment by the improper evidence but by the legal evidence before them, the indictment should be sustained. People v. Molineux, 27 Misc. Rep. 79, 81.
In this case the defendant has failed to establish any one of the necessary propositions, that there was not sufficient legal .evidence; that the jury was influenced by illegal evidence, or even that illegal evidence was submitted.
Ordered accordingly.