Case Name: The People ex rel. Jasper Stockwell, Commissioner of Highways of the Town of Ira in the County of Cayuga, v. Lewis Newgass et al.
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1887-12-30
Citations: 12 N.Y. St. Rep. 760
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People ex rel. Jasper Stockwell, Commissioner of Highways of the Town of Ira in the County of Cayuga, v. Lewis Newgass et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 12
Pages: 760–763

Head Matter:
The People ex rel. Jasper Stockwell, Commissioner of Highways of the Town of Ira in the County of Cayuga, v. Lewis Newgass et al.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,
Filed December 30, 1887.)
1. Certiorari—Powers op reperce on appeal prom highway commissioner—1 Rev. Stat., 518, § 84—Laws 1847, Chap. 455, § 8.
Certiorari proceedings were instituted to review the action of a referee on appeal from an order of a commissioner of highways refusing to alter a highway. Held, that the" powers and duties which formerly devolved upon three judges of the common pleas on such appeals under 1 Rev. Stat., 518, § 84, were vested in referees by Laws 1847, chap. 455, § 8.
2. Same—What proceedings reviewable upon.
Held, that the proceeding was in some sense and in practical effect a new one instituted by the appeal to lay out or alter a highway, and dependent upon the facts as they existed at the time of the hearing. And that the proceedings prior to the appeal were not the subject of inquiry, or consideration by the referees and not involved on the review of their determination by certiorari.
3. Same—Limit op proceedings reviewable.
Held, that a review of the proceedings before the referee was had solely upon the return to the writ.
4. Same—Return—Ordinarily must show jurisdiction op inferior MAGISTRATES.
Held, that although it was a general rule that when inferior magistrates are required by certiorari to return their proceedings, they must in support of their determination make their jurisdiction affirmatively appear, that rule did not necessarily apply to a return which had been rendered incomplete by a stipulation expunging evidence therefrom.
Certiorari to review proceedings of referees on appeal from order of the commissioner of highways refusing to alter a highway in the town of Ira, county of Cayuga.
The defendants were by the county judge of that county appointed referees to hear and determine such appeal, and by the decision of a majority of them the order of the commissioner was reversed. The writ was directed to the referees only, and the case is heard upon their return.
A. P. Rich, for relator; Woodin & Warren, for deft’s.

Opinion:
Bradley, J.
It appears by the .return to the writ that the referees met at a time and place appointed; that the appellant and the commissioner appeared and gave proofs, and after they were closed and the matter submitted, aÉ the referees deliberated together, and two of them united in a decision reversing the order of the commissioner, in which the other referee did not join. The testimony of witnesses taken on the hearing is not set out in the return. The relator seeks to raise questions going to the jurisdiction and regularity of the proceedings taken upon the application to the commissioner, and anterior to his denial of the application to alter the highway. And with that view asserts that no notice was given by the applicant to the owners or occupants of some of the improved lands to be affected by the proposed alteration, that no consent in writing appears to have been given by them, and no jury was drawn or summoned to certify the necessity of such alteration. The application to the commissioner was put in evidence and is set forth in the return, and it contains the statement that the owners of the lands "have given their consent to the proposed change." But these questions do not arise upon this review. None of the proceedings taken upon the application to the commissioner and preceding the appeal are brought here by the writ. The powers and duties which were formerly devolved upon three judges of the common pleas on such appeals (1 R S., 518, § 84) are vested in referees. Laws 1847, chap. 455, § 8,
And the proceeding is in some sense and in practical effect a new one instituted by the appeal to lay out or alter a highway, and dependent upon the facts as they exist at the time of the hearing. People v. Goodwin, 5 N. Y., 568; Rector v. Clark, 78 N. Y., 21. The parties to it are the appellant and the commissioner from whose order the appeal is taken. And the hearing and determination of the appeal are upon and confined to the merits. The proceedings prior to the appeal are not the subject of inquiry or consideration by the referees, and are not involved on the review of their determination by certiorari. It follows that the objections before mentioned are not well taken. Commissioners of Warwick v. Judges, etc., 13 Wend., 432; People v. Van Alstyne, 3 Abb. Ct. App. Dec., 575; S. C., 3 Keyes, 35; People v. Harris, 63 N. Y., 391; Rector v. Clark, 78 id., 21; People v. Sherman 15 Hun, 575; People v. Heddon, 32 Hun, 299.
This view renders it unnecessary to go back of the order of the commissioner to see whether he had jurisdiction of the proceeding. But by reference to the order it appears that he considered the application on the merits and placed his refusal to make the alteration upon the ground that it was unnecessary, and in it recites that the owners of the lands through which the proposed altered line of road passes had consented. This review is had solely upon the return to the writ. And the mere facts stated in the return that it did not appear by the evidence that consent of the owners of land had been given in writing or that any jury had been drawn or had certified to the necessity of the proposed change would not as against the recitals establish a want of jurisdiction in view of the fact that it is not essential that it be shown in support of the determination of the referees. So far as the preliminary proceedings are set forth in the return they appear to have been regular on their face. It is also contended that because it does not appear by the return that any notice of the hearing before the referees was given to the occupants or owners of the land through which the proposed altered line of the highway was located the determination must be deemed to have been made without jurisdiction. The ; statute requires a notice of eight days to the commissioner of the time and place of hearing. 1 R. S., 518, § 87, 88. This, notice was given. And when on such appeal the order refusing to lay out or alter a highway is reversed, the referees shall lay out or alter it, and in doing so shall proceed in the same manner in which the commissioner is directed to proceed. Id., 519, § 91. And before the commissioner shall determine to do so he must give three days' notice to the occupant, etc. Id., 514, § 62.
While the notice to the commissioner may give jurisdiction to the referees to proceed with the hearing, and the notice to the occupant contemplated by the statute may follow the reversal of the order, they cannot make the determination to lay out the road or make the alteration without the notice to the occupant. And if they do, it, in that respect will be without jurisdiction. People v. Judges, etc., 20 Wend., 186; People v. Kniskern, 54 N. Y., 52; reversing 50 Barb., 87; People v. Burton, 65 N. Y., 452.
If, therefore, such omission appeared by the record, the determination of the referee to make the alteration of the highway could not stand. But it does not so appear. And the evidence taken before the referee is not, nor is any of it, in the record before us, except that the return states some facts represented by it. And it appears that the evidence was " expunged from the return " by stipulation.
This review is had solely on the return to the writ. People v. Burton, 65 N. Y., 452. We, therefore, think this objection is not available to the relator upon the record. Although it is a general rule that when inferior magistrates are required by certiorari to return their proceedings, they must, in support of their determination, make their jurisdiction affirmatively appear, that rule does not necessarily apply to a return which appears to have been rendered imperfect or incomplete as this one has been. It is, therefore, deemed unnecessary to express any opinion upon this question of the effect of a mere failure of the return if incomplete to show such notice.
An objection is raised to the eligibility of one of the referees, who certifies for himself in the return that he was not a freeholder. The statute provides that the county judge shall appoint on such appeal, as referees, three disinterested freeholders. Laws 1847, chap. 455, § 8.
The order of appointment recites that these three referees were disinterested freeholders. And no question appears to have been raised in that respect until after the determination was made, and for the first time it is sought to be presented by force of this writ. It must be assumed that the county judge acted upon information satisfactory to him that this person was a freeholder. But without considering what force that fact properly presented might have, we think the question is not legitimately within the record brought here by the writ. The only evidence upon the subject properly in the record is the recital of the order -of the county judge making the appointment. People v. Wheeler, 21 N. Y., 82. No other question seems to require consideration. The decision and determination of the referee should be affirmed.
Smith, P. J., Barker and Haight, JJ., concur