Case Name: Stanley Dekofski & others vs. Manuel Leite & another
Court: Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Jurisdiction: Massachusetts
Decision Date: 1957-05-29
Citations: 336 Mass. 127
Docket Number: 
Parties: Stanley Dekofski & others vs. Manuel Leite & another.
Judges: 
Reporter: Massachusetts Reports
Volume: 336
Pages: 127–130

Head Matter:
Stanley Dekofski & others vs. Manuel Leite & another.
Suffolk.
May 7, 1957.
May 29, 1957.
Present: Wilkins, C.J., Honan, Williams, Whittemoee, & Cutteb, JJ.
Lawrence E. Cooke, for the plaintiffs.
Joseph E. Levine, for the defendants.

Opinion:
Whittemore, J.
The plaintiffs brought an action to recover on a written contract for the sale of a baking oven and two other pieces of bakery equipment. The controversy concerned the oven only. The contract described the oven as "1 — Read 6 tray oil fired indirect fired oven rebuilt with steel 20" x 94" tray plates delivered & installed and guaranteed in good working manner also good baking manner." The general conditions of the contract included the following: "It is agreed that there are no understandings, warranties or agreements, not included in this written order." The defendants, over objection, testified that one of the plaintiffs was familiar with the type of bread they baked, a hard crust, Italian type loaf, which could not be made with steam, that they wanted an automatic oven which would bake similar loaves, and that this plaintiff had told them this oven would bake Italian bread in the same, or superior, color, shape and hardness of crust as that which they baked in their manual oven. The defendants also testified that the oven was of no use to them as it required the use of steam to bake bread.
The evidence objected to was received de bene and no motion was made to strike it, but the plaintiffs in suitable language requested an instruction that it be disregarded. The judge charged in substance that the guaranty was ambiguous and that the testimony if believed could be considered to determine the meaning intended.
We find no ambiguity in the words of the guaranty. There was error in the omission to give the requested instruction, and in the charge given. Glackin v. Bennett, 226 Mass. 316. Goldenberg v. Taglino, 218 Mass. 357. Whitty Manuf. Co. Inc. v. Clark, 278 Mass. 370, 374. Compare Waldstein v. Dooskin, 220 Mass. 232; W. R. Grace & Co. v. National Wholesale Grocery Co. Inc. 251 Mass. 251.
The words "guaranteed in good working manner" mean that the oven's operating parts are in good working order, the valves snug and smoothly operating, the flame orifices clean, the joints tight, and so forth. The words "also good baking manner" mean that the oven will bake well. We think this means that this specifically identified oven, sold under the name of "Bead," will function to produce satisfactory products when used to bake the products for the baking of which it was designed and made. In the absence of the second phrase, the words "good working manner," particularly because of the imprecise use of the word "manner," might reasonably be deemed to include the meaning that the oven would produce satisfactory results. The additional words, however, reasonably affect the first phrase; in their presence that phrase has the more limited meaning already stated, so that the second phrase has a reasonable significance when the words in it are given that meaning which we think, by themselves, they indicate. There was no evidence that the Bead oven was designed to bake Italian type bread or any products that could not be satisfactorily baked in an oven using steam.
It is quite possible that the defendants, in the light of the talk about their need for an oven to bake Italian bread, may have thought that the language used assured them what they wanted. But this is an action of contract and the determination of ambiguity is to be made by looking at the instrument itself; extraneous conversations cannot be used to create an ambiguity not manifest in the written document.
The evidence was not available to show an implied warranty of fitness in view of the express language of the contract excluding warranties not in the agreement. S. F. Bow-ser & Co. Inc. v. Independent Dye House, Inc. 276 Mass. 289, 296. The sale of the article by the trade name "Bead" also negatived an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 106, § 17 (4). Whitty Manuf. Co. Inc. v. Clark, 278 Mass. 370, 375-376. Botti v. Venice Grocery Co. 309 Mass. 450, 454.
The failure to move to strike the evidence is immaterial. The paroi evidence rule is one of substantive law and its application "is not affected . by the fact that incompetent paroi testimony is introduced without objection." Mears v. Smith, 199 Mass. 319, 322. Kavanaugh v. Johnson, 290 Mass. 587, 593. New England Foundation Co. Inc. v. Elliott & Watrous, Inc. 306 Mass. 177, 181.
It appears unnecessary to discuss the plaintiffs' other •claims of error, which are in respect of points not likely to arise on another trial.
Exceptions sustained.