Case Name: BURFORD DISTRIBUTING, INC. v. Danny STARR
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 2000-07-07
Citations: 341 Ark. 914
Docket Number: 99-822
Parties: BURFORD DISTRIBUTING, INC. v. Danny STARR
Judges: Don Langston, Judge;
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 341
Pages: 914–924

Head Matter:
BURFORD DISTRIBUTING, INC. v. Danny STARR
99-822
20 S.W.3d 363
Supreme Court of Arkansas
Opinion delivered July 7, 2000
Don Langston, Judge;
Eddie N. Christian Law Office, by: Joe D. Byars, Jr., for appellant.
Sexton & Fields, P.L.L.C., by: Sam Sexton, Jr., for appellee.

Opinion:
DONALD L. Corbin, Justice.
Appellant Burford Distributing, icappeals e. judgment of the Sebastian County Circuit Court awarding Appellee Danny Starr $40,000 in damages, plus an additional $10,000 in attorney's fees, for a violation of the Arkansas Prize Promotion Act. As this matter involves an issue of first impression, our jurisdiction is pursuant to Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 1-2(b)(1). We agree with Appellant that the Act is not applicable in this case, and thus, reverse the judgment of the trial court.
On August 3, 1996, Burford sponsored the "10th Annual Lite Open" golf tournament at Deer Trails Golf Course in Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. Each participant was required to pay a $40 entry fee. Robert Hornung, an employee of Burford's, testified that of that $40, $10 went to the Gregory Kistler Center, a local charity; $25 went to Deer Trails; and, $5 went to Burford to off-set the expense of the tournament. Burford did not make a profit as a result of sponsoring the golf tournament. To promote the event, Burford created and distributed flyers advertising the date and location of the golf tournament. Burford also advertised the fact that it would be awarding a car to the first person to score a hole-in-one on August 3.
Mr. Starr paid his entry fee approximately one week prior to the tournament. He learned of the tournament through an acquaintance, but had also played in the tournament in previous years. Mr. Starr testified that he did not know about the car giveaway at the time he paid his entry fee. Mr. Starr stated that he received a packet upon arriving at the tournament that contained a flyer advertising the hole-in-one contest. He also admitted, however, that he saw a large banner on Hole No. 17 that stated that the first person to make a hole-in-one on that hole would win a 1996 Buick Regal from Harry Robinson Pontiac.
This tournamentwas an eighteen-hole competition, but Deer Trails was only a nine hole golf course. Each of the nine holes has two separate tee areas in order to accommodate eighteen holes of golf. The holes numbered 8 and 17 shared the same green, but the tee box for Hole No. 17 was located farther away from the hole than the tee box for Hole No. 8. Mr. Starr scored a hole-in-one on Hole No. 8, but later demanded the car, arguing that the flyer simply promised a car to the first player to score a hole-in-one.
After Burford refused to award Mr. Starr the Buick Regal, he filed suit in circuit court alleging breach of contract and violation of the Arkansas Prize Promotion Act, codified at Ark. Code Ann. § 4-102-101 — 109 (Repl. 1996). Mr. Starr ultimately dismissed the breach of contract claim, but a jury trial was held on the issue of whether Burford violated the Act. The jury found that Burford had intentionally violated the Act and awarded Mr. Starr $40,000 in pecuniary loss, an amount equal to twice the retail value of the Buick Regal. In addition, the trial court awarded Mr. Starr an additional $10,000 in attorney's fees. This appeal followed.
As one of its points on appeal, Burford contends that the trial court erred in denying its motion for directed verdict on the grounds that the Act does not apply under the facts and circumstances of this case. Mr. Starr responds that the Act is remedial in nature and should be liberally construed. This court has repeatedly held that the basic rule of statutory construction, to which all other interpretive guides must yield, is to give effect to the intent of the legislature. Nelson v. Timberline Int'l, Inc., 332 Ark. 165, 964 S.W.2d 357 (1998); Graham v. Forrest City Housing Auth., 304 Ark. 632, 803 S.W.2d 923 (1991). In attempting to ascertain legislative intent, this court will look to the language of the statute, the subject matter, the object to be accomplished, the purpose to be served, legislative history, and other appropriate matters that shed light on the matter. Nelson, 332 Ark. 165, 964 S.W.2d 357; Board of Trustees v. Stodola, 328 Ark. 194, 942 S.W.2d 255 (1997).
It is not difficult to ascertain the legislative intent of this Act because it is set out in section 4-102-101. A review of this section indicates that the legislature did not intend for the provisions of this Act to extend to the circumstances presented by this case. Section 4-102-101 states:
(a) The Arkansas General Assembly has become aware of the avalanche of sweepstakes, contests, and prize promotions that have been and are being directed at Arkansas consumers, and recognizes that consumers are often misled by these sweepstakes, contests, and prize promotions. The General Assembly also recognizes that Arkansas consumers have paid hundreds of thousands of dollars to sweepstakes, contests, and prize promoters based upon misrepresentations by those promoters to Arkansas consumers. Many of the sweepstakes, contests, and prize promotions are artfully crafted to lead Arkansas consumers to believe that they have been selected to receive valuable prizes, when such is not the case. The promotions often mislead Arkansas consumers as to the value of the prizes. The promotions often mislead Arkansas consumers as to their chances to receive the prize. The promotions often mislead Arkansas consumers to believe that they must purchase the promoter's product, or otherwise pay to the promoter sums of money in order to be eligible to receive the prize, or that the likelihood that the prize to be awarded will be increased, or that the consumer's application for the prize will receive special handling if the consumer purchases the promoter's product. These sweepstakes, contests, and prize promoters prey particularly upon elderly Arkansas consumers.
.(b) It is the intent of the General Assembly through the enactment of this chapter to require that Arkansas consumers be provided with all relevant information necessary to make an informed decision concerning sweepstakes, contests, and prize promotions. It is also the intent of the General Assembly to prohibit misleading and deceptive prize promotions. This chapter shall be construed liberally in order to achieve this purpose. [Emphasis added.]
Clearly, the General Assembly wanted to put a stop to the deceptive practices of sweepstake companies and other promoters that mail notices to consumers promising them the chance to win valuable prizes.
It is true that pursuant to section 4-102-101, this court must liberally construe the provisions of this subchapter. This requirement of liberal construction does not require, however, that we extend this legislation to situations not envisioned by the General Assembly. We have said before that even when reviewing an act under a liberal construction, this court must still apply its provisions according to their plain meaning. See Stockton v. Sentry Ins., 337 Ark. 507, 989 S.W.2d 914 (1999). We will not give statutes a literal interpretation if it leads to absurd consequences that are contrary to legislative intent. See St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Griffin Constr. Co., 338 Ark. 289, 993 S.W.2d 485 (1999). The plain meaning of this Act's provisions is to prevent unfair contest practices by requir ing promoters to provide consumers with all necessary information to make informed decisions about these sweepstakes and contests before they agree to purchase the promoter's products.
Here, Burford did not require participants to purchase its products in order to be eligible for a chance to win the car. Mr. Starr was not required to pay anything other than his entry fee in order to compete for a chance to win the car. Other than the fact that he may have been a better golfer, Mr. Starr had the same chances of winning the automobile as every other player. There was no evidence introduced that Burford ever misled Mr. Starr about his chances of winning the car or that Burford ever indicated that Mr. Starr had won the car. In fact, the hole-in-one competition at issue in this case is a game of skill. It would have been impossible for Burford to provide Mr. Starr or any other participant with information on his chances of winning the car.
We also point out that section 4-102-105 provides further insight into the underlying purpose of this Act. This section sets forth certain practices that a sponsor may not engage in when offering prizes. Some of those prohibited practices include: misleading participants about the source of the prize; representing directly or by implication that the number of persons eligible to win is limited or that a person has been selected to receive a particular prize, unless true; representing that a person has an enhanced likelihood of winning a prize; representing directly or by implication that a person will have an increased chance of receiving a prize by making multiple purchases or donations; representing that a prize notice is urgent; or requesting that a person disclose personal information in connection with a prize promotion. The fact that Burford never engaged in any of these prohibited practices is also important to our determination that the Act is inapplicable in this case. Mr. Starr admitted that he never received any communication from Burford that induced him to participate in the golf tournament. He further admitted that at the time he agreed to participate in the tournament, he had no knowledge of the fact that Burford was offering a car in connection wdth a hole-in-one contest. Thus, Mr. Starr's payment of the entry fee was in no way connected with the car giveaway. Accordingly, we reverse the trial court's judgment because the Act is not applicable to this case.
Burford raises several other points on appeal but in light of our holding that the Act is inapplicable, the only other issue we must address involves the award of attorney's fees. Burford argues that it was error for the trial court to enter an award of $10,000 for attorney's fees pursuant to section 4-102-103. It is not necessary for us to address Burford's specific argument on this point. We have previously held that when a judgment in favor of a prevailing party is reversed, the award of attorney's fees must also be reversed. See Bendinger v. Marshalltown Trowell Co., 338 Ark. 410, 994 S.W.2d 468 (1999); Brookside Village Mobile Homes v. Meyers, 301 Ark. 139, 782 S.W.2d 365 (1990). Accordingly, the award of attorney's fees in this case is also reversed.
Reversed.
Brown and Imber, JJ, dissent.
ROBERT L. Brown, Justice,
dissenting. I agree with the sticJustice e, on the issue of sponsorship and the liberal construction of the Arkansas Prize Promotion Act. However, I disagree with her analysis of "pecuniary loss" and her conclusion that the trial court erred in not giving the instruction of Burford Distributing. In my opinion, what constituted a pecuniary loss under the Act was for the jury to decide. I would affirm.