Case Name: YETT, Mayor, et al. v. COOK et al.
Court: Supreme Court of Texas
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1925-01-20
Citations: 268 S.W. 715
Docket Number: No. 6525
Parties: YETT, Mayor, et al. v. COOK et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 268
Pages: 715–722

Head Matter:
YETT, Mayor, et al. v. COOK et al.
(No. 6525.)
(Supreme Court of Texas.
Jan. 20, 1925.)
1. Courts &wkey;206(l7l/4) — Supreme Court has power to exercise both appellate and original jurisdiction.
Supreme Court, under Constitution and statutes, is clothed with power to exercise both appellate and original jurisdiction.
2. Mandamus <&wkey;l80 — Writ is but means to enforce judgment in favor of those to whom writ has been awarded; “mandamus.”
Writ of “mandamus” is hut “the means” or “execution” to enforce the judgment in favor of those to whom writ has been awarded.
[Ed. Note — For other definitions, see Words and Phrases, First and Second Series, Mandamus.]
3. Mandamus &wkey;l87(6) — Judgment awarding peremptory writ may be appealed from and superseded.
Judgment awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus is within Rev. St. 1911, arts. 2101, 2103, making provision for supersedeas bond, and declaring effect of filing of such bond, and may be appealed from and superseded.
4. Equity &wkey;>35 — Has jurisdiction to carry out its own orders, decrees, and judgments.
Court of equity has jurisdiction to carry into effect its own orders, decrees, and judg.ments which remain unreversed when subject-matter is between same parties in both proceedings.
5. Mandamus &wkey;187(6) — Supersedeas bond held to suspend execution of judgment awarding writ of mandamus.
Where district judge in chambers awarded peremptory writ of mandamus, appeal from such judgment to Court of Civil Appeals and giving of a supersedeas bond had effect of suspending execution of judgment.
6. Mandamus <&wkey;185 — Not appropriate remedy to enforce judgment awarding peremptory mandamus against public officer.
An injunction is not an appropriate remedy to enforce or execute a judgment awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus against a public officer.
7. injunction <&wkey;27 — Trial judge held without jurisdiction to grant injunction rendering ineffective appeal and supersedeas taken from judgment awarding peremptory mandamus.
Trial judge was without jurisdiction to grant an injunction rendering ineffective appeal and supersedeas taken from judgment awarding peremptory mandamus; act of filing a supersedeas bond being lawful in view of Rev. St. 1911, art. 4643-, subd. 2, and not “violating any rights of applicant,” nor “tending to render judgment ineffectual,” except in manner provided by law.
8. Injunction <&wkey;l36(2) — When Injunction pending litigation may be issued, to restrain acts concerning subject of litigation, stated.
In order for a judge to have power to issue an injunction pending litigation, under Rev. St. 1911, art. 4643, subd. 2, acts sought to be enjoined must “violate some rights of applicant,” and must “tend to render judgment ineffectual.”
9. Mandamus <©=»2 — Constitution and statutes authorizing mandamus are to be construed in light of common law.
Const, art. 5, § 3, and Rev. St. 1911, art. 1526, authorizing issuance of writ of mandamus are but declaratory of and are to be construed in light of common law.
10. Courts <&wkey;207(4) — Writs may issue where courts of law and equity have power to issue them.
Const, art. 5, § 3, and Rev. St. 1911, art. 1526, authorizing issuance of writs of manda-mug, means that writ may issue in all cases where courts of law or equity under settled rules would have power to issue them.
11. Mandamus <&wkey;2 — Common-law rules for issuance to be applied unless modified by statute.
Common-law rules prescribing occasions when writs of mandamus may issue are to be applied unless modified by statute.
12. Mandamus &wkey;>3(l) — Object is to prevent failure of justice where there is no established specified remedy.
One of great objects of writ of mandamus is to prevent failure of justice where there is no established specified remedy.
13. Mandamus <&wkey;31— Supreme Court may require district court or judge to proceed to trial and judgment.
Supreme Court has power to require a district court or judge to proceed to trial and judgment, in view of Rev. St. 1911, art. 1528.
14. Mandamus <&wkey;51 — Awarded by Supreme Court to require entry of judgment on a valid verdict.
Mandamus will be awarded by Supreme Court to require entry of judgment on a valid verdict.
15. Mandamus <&wkey;>54 — May issue to enforce judgment where clerk has issuedi superse-deas without authority.
Mandamus may issue for process to enforce a judgment where clerk has issued a writ of supersedeas without authority of law. «
16. Mandamus 4&wkey;57(l) — Supreme Court held to have jurisdiction to grant writ to compel district court to grant right of appeal and supersedeas.
Supreme Court has jurisdiction to grant mandamus, under Const, art. 5, § 3, and Rev. St. 1911, art. .1526, to require a district court to grant right of appeal and supersedeas from a judgment awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus where' court had taken a positive step beyond its lawful power, and assumed jurisdiction to prevent supersedeas, and appeal being effectivé by granting'an injunction which ¿prohibited exercise oí rights guaranteed by su-persedeas statute.
(7. Mandamus &wkey;>9 — Supreme Court’s juris- [ diction to grant writ of mandamus not affect- • ed because application first made to Court . of Civil Appeals.
That application for mandamus to require district court to grant right of appeal and su-persedeas from judgment awarding' a peremptory writ of mandamus was first .made to Court of Civil Appeals, had no affect on Supreme Court’s jurisdiction to gr.ant the.writ..
' On motion, by W. D. Yett, Mayor of the City of Austin, and other officials, for leave ¡to file an original petition for writs of prohibition,. mandamus, procedendo, and injunction, against Chas. B. Cook and others.
Motion granted.
Cofer & Cofer, of Austin, for relators.
' Paul D. Page, Jr., J. Harris Gardner, fre-land Graves, and D. K. Woodward, Jr., all of Austin, for respondents.

Opinion:
CURETON, C. J.
This' ease is before us on motion by W. D. Yett, mayor of the city of Austin; and other officials of the city, relators, for leave to file an original petition for writs of prohibition, mandamus, procedendo, and injunction against Charles B. Cook,. Hon. George Calhoun, judge of the Eifty-Third district, and A. S. Philquist, clerk of the district court of Travis county.
It appears from the petition and exhibits that Mr. Cook- filed a petition for mandamus in the district court of Travis county, Fifty-Third district, against the relators in this action and two other named parties, as officers of the city of Austin, seeking a mandamus for the purpose of requiring them in their respective official capacities to call an election tp fill certain offices as provided for in the charter of" the city of Austin on the first Monday in February, 1925, and for other relevant, purposes. This petition was presented to' the' Honorable George Calhoun, judge of the Fifty-Thiid district, on the 2d day of January, who set the same for hearing on the Gth of January, 1925, at 2 o'clock p. m. Notice of the hearing was issued and served, and in response to this notice the re-lators here who' contested the application' appeared, and after certain proceedings, not 'necessary to be here noted, a hearing was had in chambers, and bn the 8th of January, 1925, a peremptory mandamus was granted against the relators in this action in their respective official capacities. The mandamus rfequired them in effect to do and perform all things directed by the statutes of the state and the charter of the city of Austin necessary to. the end that a general election be held in the city, of Austin on the first Monday in February,, 1925, for the purpose of electing five eouncilmen, who shall. constitute the city council of the city of Austin; and especially requiring— ,
"and commanding such respondents, and each of them, in their respective official capacities, to forthwith call such election for 'such date and issue and have posted notices thereof, and at the times when such acts and things are required by law to be done respectively, to select election judges and other officials, designated voting boxes, furnish election supplies, and generally to do and perform all other acts required by law to be done and performed by them in their respective official capacities to the end that such election may be held upon such date."
This judgment was rendered on the 8th day of January, 1925. On the same day, in the same cause, Charles B. Cook filed a petition, wherein he prayed that the judge—
"issue forthwith and immediately a temporary injunction requiring and commanding the said respondents in said mandamus proceeding (naming them) to immediately and forthwith call said election for the first Monday in February, 1925, and immediately and forthwith take all steps and do all things that may be requisite or necessary in order that the said election may be properly and duly held in accordance with law, and further commanding and directing and ordering' them forthwith and immediately to carry out, perform, and obey the order and mandate of said writ, of mandamus above referred to, until and unless they shall be otherwise ordered by the judge of this court or by some other court having superior jurisdiction."
This petition for temporary injunction, which in its legal effect was a motion for an injunction in the same case, was immediately heard and granted by Judge Calhoun. A bond was required, which was given, and the injunction we presume issued. At any rate, the fiat indorsed on the petition providing for a bond named the respondents there, who are the relators in this action, and said that said respondents—
"are hereby ordered and commanded, until otherwise ordered by the judge of this court, or by this court, or by a court of superior jurisdiction, to proceed without delay to carry out and perform, and observe the orders and mandates of said writ of mandamus issued as aforesaid by the judge of this court on the 8th day of January, A. D. 1925." '
That proper motion was made, notice of appeal given, and proper supersedeas bond given to supersede the judgment awarding the mandamus, are matters which are not questioned in the proceeding before us. These requisites of the law, in so- far as this proceeding is concerned, were complied with by the relators here, who were the respondents in the trial court, in the proceedings we have just described.
The Supreme Court', under the Constitution and statutes of this state is clothed with power to exercise "botli".appellate and original jurisdiction. It is unnecessary to discuss the question as to wlietlier or not we have jurisdiction to grant the relief prayed for in the petition under bur appellate power, for the reason that we have concluded we may consider the petition under the original jurisdiction conferred on us by the Constitution and statutes.
It is to be noted that the injunction issued by Judge Calhoun is purely ancillary and in aid of the judgment awarding peremptory mandamus. In fact, it may be said that the purpose of the injunction was to require obedience to the mandamus, notwithstanding the fact that the relators might supersede the mandamus judgment on appeal. The petition of Mr. Cook, which expressly stated it was "Proceeding Ancillary" to the mandamus suit, on which the injunction was granted, after reciting that he had been awarded a mandamus against the relators in this case, set forth that unless the writ of mandamus was forthwith complied with, and respondents in that action (relators here) proceed immediately to order the election and take the steps required by law in obedience to the mandamus, the relief granted him by the mandamus judgment would be wholly denied as the result of delay. The petition recited that the relators here had announced, in connection with the mandamus proceeding, their intention to appeal from the order granting the writ of mandamus, and alleged that if such an appeal was taken from the.order awarding the writ, the delay necessarily incident thereto would render wholly ineffectual and would totally destroy the effect of the judgment.
The prayer for injunction was consistent with the purposes the petition just stated, and the fiat of the judge indorsed on the petition expressly commands the relators here "to proceed without delay to carry out <md perform and observe the orders and mandates of said writ of mandamus."
It is plain that the only purpose and effect of the injunctive order was to enforce and execute the judgment awarding the peremptory writ of mandamus, although the rela-tors should appeal the case and supersede the same.
The writ of mandamus is but the "means" or "execution" to enforce the judgment in favor of those to whom the writ has been awarded. Milliken v. City Council of Weatherford, 54 Tex. 388, 391, 38 Am. Rep. 629; Thorne v. Moore, 101 Tex. 205, 209, 105 S. W. 985; Ency. of Pleading, vol. 20, § 1240, 1241.
The statutes of this state (Rev. St. 1911, art. 2101), after making .provision for a su-persedeas bond, in article 2103 declares the effect of the filing of such bond. It reads:
"Upon the filing of the bonds mentioned in the two preceding articles, the appeal or writ of error shall be held to be perfected, and the execution of the judgment shall be stayed, and should execution have been issued thereon, f A e cleric shall forthmth issue a supersedeas." (Italics ours.)
It is the settled law of this state that a judgment awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus is within the provisions of the statute quoted, and may be appealed from and superseded. Glenn v. Milam (Tex. Sup.) 263 S. W. 900; Griffin v. Wakelee, 42 Tex. 513. In the last case cited this court said:
"The only question in this case is, whether a judgment of the District Court awarding a peremptory mandamus for the restoration of the plaintiff to an office, can be superseded or suspended by an appeal to this court.. This question, we are clearly of opinion, must be answered in the affirmative. Such, we believe, has been the uniform usage and practice in mandamus cases ever since such proceedings as this have been authorized in the -district court. ⅜ * ⅝ It must follow, as no distinction is made by the law authorizing an appeal in this and other cases, that the judgment of the district court may be superseded by an appropriate bond for this purpose, pending the appeal in this court."
This doctrine was adhered to by this court in the case of Churchill v. Martin, 65 Tex. 367; where this court, citing the Griffin Case, supra, said:
"That the execution of a judgment awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus, may be suspended by a proper appeal bond is not an open question in this court."
See, also, 26 Cye. p. 506; Corpus Juris, vól. 3, § 1446, 1448; Ency. of Pleading, supra.
The effect of a supersedeas was reaffirmed in the case of Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. State, 107 Tex. 1, 106 S. W. 326. The question involved there was not a peremptory writ of mandamus, but whether or not the appointment of a receiver had been suspended by the supersedeas bond upon appeal. This court held that it had been, and, among other things, in an opinion by Justice Brown, after quoting the supersedeas statute, said:
"This is plain language that cannot be construed, because its meaning is as definite as could be expressed to the effect that, when the appellant or plaintiff in error complies with the law, the judgment cannot be enforced during the pendency of the appeal. It only needs to be said that the lato applies to this case, ana the enforcement of the order appointing the receiver was suspended by the appeal. Williams v. Pouns, 48 Tex. 141; Street Ry. Co. v. Street Ry. Co., 68 Tex. 163, 7 S. W. 381; G., C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Fort W. & N. O. Ry. Co., 68 Tex. 98, 2 S. W. 199, 3 S. W. 564; Griffin v. Wakelee, 42 Tex. 513; Stone v. Spillman's Adm'x, 16 Tex. 432; Beach on Receivers, § 117." (Italics ours.)
It is well settled that a court of equity has jurisdiction to carry into effect its own orders, decrees, and judgments, which remain unreversed when the subject-matter is between the same parties in both proceedings. Root v. Woolworth, 160 U. S. 401, 410, 411, 14 S. Ct. 136, 37 L. Ed. 1123, which cites and quotes Story's Equity Pleading (9th Ed.) § 338'. But nowhere is it to be found that an injunction or writ of assistance may be issued having for its purpose the nullification of rights of a party obtained by filing a supersedeas bond.
In the case of Hunt v. Oliver, 109 U. S. 177, 3 S. Ct. 114, 27 L. Ed. 897, the motion was for a writ of supersedeas to stay the execution of a writ of assistance issued by the circuit court after an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, the purpose of the writ of assistance being to put the appellee in possession of a part of the property involved in the litigation below. The Supreme Court of the United States held that the motion for writ of supersedeas must issue, since on appeal a supersedeas had been perfected, and that by perfecting the super-sedeas the writ of assistance complained of was stayed. The court ordered that a writ of supersedeas issue.
Therefore, the record which confronts us on this application shows a judgment entered by the district judge in chambers awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus, from which judgment appeal has been taken to the Court of Civil Appeals and a supersedeas bond given, which has the effect of suspending the execution of the judgment awarding the writ of mandamus.
The contention is here made that the Court of Civil Appeals has not issued such orders or taken such action as will make effective in favor of the relators here the supersedeas which has been given by them, and that this court should take action, and that for such purpose this court has jurisdiction to issue the processes prayed for in the petition.
We will now consider the question of the validity of the injunctive order. An injunction has been held not to be an appropriate remedy for enforcing or executing a judgment 'awarding a peremptory writ of mandamus against a public officer. High on Injunctions (4th Ed.), vol. 2, § 1328. Without determining that question as to all cases, in the instant case we think the injunctive order was absolutely void. As heretofore shown, the injunction was applied for for the purpose of rendering ineffective the appeal and supersedeas which might be taken as against the judgment awarding the peremptory mandamus, and its purpose and effect was simply an attempt to nullify the rights of the relators granted them by the statute permitting them to supersede th'e mandamus judgment. It is true that subdivision 2 of article 4643 provides that an injunction may issue—
"where, pending litigation, it shall be made to appear that a party [is] doing some act respecting the subject of litigation [or otherwise], or is about to do some act or is procuring or suffering the same to be done in violation of the rights of the applicant, which act would tend to render judgment ineffectual."
It is apparent from this that in order for a judge of a court to have power to issue an injunction pending litigation, the acts sought to be enjoined must have two qualities, first, they must "violate some rights of the applicant"; and second, these acts must "tencl to render judgment ineffectual." It is plain that the acts of the respondents here in giving a supersedeas bond did not "violate some rights of the appK-ccmt", for the reason that the státute gave the respondents the right of supersedeas. The act of filing the supersedeas bond was a lawful act, and did not "violate apy rights of the applicant" nor "tend to render judgment ineffectual," except in a manner provided by law. The trial court was without power and authority or, jurisdiction to enjoin the relators from superseding the mandamus order or requir-e its performance after it was superseded.
We will now discuss the question of our jurisdiction to entertain the petition in this case. Section 3 of article 5 of the Constitution in part provides:
"The Legislature may confer original jurisdiction on the Supreme Court to issue writs of quo warranto and mandamus in such cases as may be specified, except as against the governor of the state."
This provision has been made the basis of legislative enactments, in part by article 1526 of the statutes which reads:
"The Supreme Court, or any justice thereof, shall have power to issue writ of habeas corpus as may be prescribed by law, and the said court, or any justice thereof, may issue writs of mandamus, procedendo, certiorari and all writs necessary to enforce the jurisdiction of said court, and said court may issue writs of quo warranto or mandamus agreeable to the principles of law regulating such writs' against any district judge, or Court of Civil Appeals or judge of the Court of Civil Appeals, or officer of the state government, except the governor of the state."
It will be noted that this article authorizes the issuance of the writ of mandamus "according to the principles of law regulating such writs."
These provisions of the Constitution and statutes are but declaratory of and are to be construed in the light of the common law. They mean that the writ of mandamus may issue in all cases when courts of law or equity under settled rules would have the power to issue them. See Thorne v. Moore, 101 Tex. 205, 208, 105 S. W. 985.
Writing with reference to constitutional and statutory provisions providing for writs of mandamus, an accepted authority states in substance that in general it may be said that the common-law rules prescrib- tag the occasion when the writ of mandamus may issue are to be applied, unless modified by statute. 26 Cyc. 186, 188.
We will first examine the elementary authorities for the purpose of ascertaining in a general way when superior courts having supervisory power over inferior ones may award writs of this character. The writ of mandamus is of ancient origin and many uses. See chapters 1 and 2 of High's Extraordinary Legal Remedies (2d Ed.). It issues for many reasons against inferior courts. Chapter 3, supra. Oyc. lays down the general rule with reference to this writ as follows:
"While a writ of mandamus will not as a general rule issue to review an exercise of judicial discretion, it may be employed to compel 'an inferior tribunal to act or to exercise its discretion, although the particular method of acting or the manner in which the discretion shall be exercised will not he controlled. But as a general rule it will not issue for this purpose where there is a remedy by appeal or other method of review. In some cases, however, mandamus may he employed to correct the errors of inferior tribunals and to prevent a failure of justice or irreparable injury where there is a clear right, and there is an absence of any other adequate remedy; and it may also be employed to prevent an abuse of discretion, or air act outside of the exercise of discretion, or to correct an arbitrary action which does not amount to the exercise of discretion." 26 Cyc. p. 190; Gouhenour v. Anderson, 35 Tex. Civ. App. 569, 81 S. W. 104; 18 R. C. L. p. 295; Virginia v. Rives, 100 U. S. 313, 329, 25 L. Ed. 667.
In the last ease cited, the Supreme Court of the United States describes the general and common-law use of the writ as follows;
"It is well settled that the writ of mandamus will issue to correct the action of subordinate or inferior courts or judicial officers, where they have exceeded their jurisdiction, and there is no other adequate remedy. 'It issues,' says Blackstone, 'to the judges of any inferior court, commanding them to do justice according to the powers of their office, whenever the same is delayed. For it is the peculiar business of the Court of King's Bench to superintend all inferior tribunals, and therein to enforce the due exercise of those judicial or ministerial powers with which the crown or the Legislature have invested them; and this not only by restraining their excesses, but also by quickening their negligence, and obviating the denial of justice.' 3 Bl. Com. 110.
"It is in accordance, therefore, with the principles and usages of law that this court should issue a mandamus in the cases here enumerated, and thus supervise the proceedings of inferior courts where there is a legal right and there is no other existing legal remedy."
Cyc. gives various instances of the use of the writ, illustrative of the general principles declared, some of which, with concurring authorities, are cited below: 26 Cyc. pp. 190, 192, 198, 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 216; Ruling Case Law, § 229 to 234, 256, 235, 264, 255, 253, 248, 242, 254, 240, 241, 246. Without approving or disapproving all the rules announced in the citations above, we direct attention thereto fon the purpose of illustrating the general use of the writ of mandamus by superior courts to control the action and judgments of inferior courts. The decisions of this court are, however, in harmony with the fundamental principles underlying the uses of the writ which the texts cited declare.
In the case of Arberry v. Beavers, 6 Tex. 457, 464 (55 Am. Dec. 791) this court, in an opinion by Associate Justice Wheeler, particularly stated the purpose of the writ of mandamus in the following language:
"This process, in modern practice,' is regarded as an action, by the party on whose relation it is granted, to enforce a private right, when the law affords no other adequate means of redress.
"It lies to compel public officers and courts of inferior jurisdiction, to proceed to do those acts which clearly appertain to their duty. But it does not lie to instruct them as to the manner in which they shall discharge a duty, which involves the exercise of discretion or judgment. The distinction seems to be, that, if the inferior tribunal has jurisdiction, and refuses to act, or to entertain the question for its decision, in cases where the law enjoins upon it to do the act required, or if the act be merely ministerial in its character, obedience to the law will be enforced by mandamus, where no other legal remedy exists. But, if the act to be performed involves the exercise of judgment, or if the subordinate public agent has a discretion in regard to the matter within his cognizance, and proceeds to exercise it according to the authority conferred by law, the superior court cannot lawfully interfere to control or govern that judgment or discretion by mandamus. 19 Johns. R. 259; 13 Pick. R. 225." (Italics ours).
Justice Wheeler added, however, that the abuse of judicial discretion might be of such a nature as to warrant the issuance of the writ saying :
"I do not doubt that a public officer, or inferior tribunal, may be guilty of so gross an abuse of discretion, or such an evasion of positive duty, as to amount to a virtual refusal to perform the duty enjoined, or to act at all, in contemplation of law; and, in such a case, a mandamus would afford a remedy where there was no other adequate remedy provided l)y law. 2 MCC. R. 171." (Italics ours.)
The views expressed in the last expression were reiterated by Justice Whe.eler in his concurring opinion in Meyer v. Carolan, 9 Tex. 259, 255.
The doctrine that one of the great objects of the writ of mandamus is to prevent the failure of justice where there is no established specified remedy, has been adhered to by this Court. Milliken v. City Council, 54 Tex. 388, 391, 38 Am. Rep. 629; Texas-Mexican Ry. Co. v. Locke, 63 Tex. 623.
That'this court has power to require a district court, or judge to proceed to trial and judgment is settled by the statute (article 1528), and the decisions of the court (Aycock v. Clark, 94 Tex. 375, 60 S. W. 665; Burgemeister v. Anderson, 113 Tex. 495, 259 S. W. 1078).
Mandamus will be awarded by the Supreme Court to require the entry of judgment upon a valid verdict. Lloyd v. Brinck, 35 Tex. 1; Aycock v. Clark, supra; Texas Tram & Lumber Co. v. Hightower, 100 Tex. 126, 96 S. W. 1071, 6 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1046, 123 Am. St. Rep. 794.
The writ may issue for process to enforce a judgment where the clerk has issued a writ of- supersedeas without authority of law. Moore v. Muse, 47 Tex. 210. See, also, Earle v. Johnson, 31 Tex. 164.
Under the statute which gives Courts of Civil Appeal authority to issue the writ of mandamus .to compel district courts to proceed to trial and judgment, mandamus issued to compel the court to vacate an order denying a new trial and to retry the case under named circumstances. Schintz v. Morris, 13 Tex. Civ. App. 580, 35 S. W. 516, 825, 36 S. W. 292.
In the case of G., C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Muse, 109 Tex. 352, 207 S. W. 897, 4 A. L. R. 613, the district court, after entering judgment, . on motion granted a new trial, and later entered a decree vacating the order granting the new trial. The validity of the decree vacating the order granting the new trial came before this court on petition for mandamus to compel the trial judge to disregard the order granting the new trial, and enforce the original judgment as entered. This court granted the writ, saying:
"We conclude that, on the facts shown by this record, the extension of the January, 1917, term had not expired when the court, on October 5, 1917, vacated the order for a new trial, and hence the final judgment on the verdict of the jury is in full force and effect.
"And we have no doubt that the defendant is entitled, to enforce by mandamus his clear legal right to have the reinstated judgment respected and enforced. -It is no sound objection to the award of the mandamus that the defendant might finally secure a review of an adverse judgment following a retrial, by means of appeal to the Court of Civil Appeals and writ of error to the Supreme Court. Por, it has been the law of Texa,s since Bradley v. McCrabb, Dallam, 507, that the writ of mandamus 'will not only issue in cases where the party having a specific legal right has no other legal operative remedy, but when the other modes of redress are inadequate or tedious the writ will be awarded.' Not only would the remedy to defendant of appeal and writ of error, after another trial, be manifestly tedious, but such remedy would also be inadequate; for it is the very essence of defendant's right that it is entitled not to have to respond further to plaintiff's cause of action than by payment of his judgment. Justice Ramsey, in speaking for the court in Wright v. Swayne, 104 Tex. 444 (140 S. W. 222, Ann. Cas. 1914B, 288), said: 'If the court should willfully refuse to execute its own judgment according to their true intent and effect, we would have the authority and it would be our duty to direct it to proceed to execute the judgment and sentence of the law.' "
In the case of Pierce Co. v. Watkins, 263 S. W. 905, this court took jurisdiction of the petition for mandamus, and required the district judge to vacate an order granting a new trial .at a time when he had no power to grant the same, and directed him to give effect to the original judgment.
In the case of Terrell v. Greene, 88 Tex. 539, 31 S. W. 631, the facts were that Terrell was county attorney of Tarrant county; that county was a party to a certain suit pending before the district court, and the judge refused to permit Terrell to appear and represent the county. Terrell applied to this court for mandamus to compel the district judge to permit him to appear as county attorney in the case. The mandamus was awarded, this court, among other things, saying:
"If a judge of the District Court or other officer, by the construction placed upon the law, deprives a citizen of an unquestioned legal right under circumstances that the citizen has no right of appeal, and therefore no other adequate remedy, then a court having power conferred upon it by law to issue a writ of mandamus has the right to review the judgment or decision of the trial court or officer upon such question."
In the case of Thorne v. Moore, 101 Tex. 205, 105 S. W. 985, upon a state of facts which this court held authorized the district judge to issue a mandamus in vacation, from which at that time there was no appeal, this court took jurisdiction, but declined to grant the writ prayed for against the district judge requiring him to vacate his order, "without undertaking any discussion of the extent' of the power given this court." However, in the opinion we did sayá
"It may be that this court, through the power given to it to issue the writ of mandamus to the district judges, may give a remedy when there is no other, against the use of the writ by one of them in a case to which it is not properly applicable under the law."
The fact that we took jurisdiction in this case, together with the language quoted, clearly shows that the court was of the opinion that we might have jurisdiction to grant a writ of mandamus to vacate an order of a district court in a case in which that court had awarded a mandamus, where such award was not properly applicable under the law, and where, of course, the remedy by appeal was denied or not effective. The same intimation is clearly made in the case of Hammond v. Ashe, 103 Tex. 503, 131 S. W. 539;, and Dewees v. Stevens, 105 Tex. 356, 360, 150 S. W. 589. We might cite other Texas cases showing that this court has consistently followed the trend of judicial decisions on this question, but we think the above suffices.
We now pass to certain authorities which we think are directly applicable, and show that we have jurisdiction to grant the relief prayed for in the petition.
The text of Ruling Case Daw, volume 18, in part reads:
"Section 240. The giving of judgment will be compelled by mandamus in order that an appeal or writ of error may lie therefrom. If an inferior court refuses to grant the right of appeal a writ of mandamus may be issued directing the court to allow it. Where an appellant has in due time taken all the necessary steps to perfect an appeal from the judgment of a justice of the peace, and the justice fails to send up to the appellate court the transcript, he may be compelled by mandate to do so, even after the expiration of the time limited for so doing."
"Section 241. If a trial judge refuses to prescribe the penalty and condition of an appeal bond, mandamus is the appropriate proceeding to compel the performance of this duty. So it will lie to compel a court to fix the amount of a bond to stay the operation of a writ of possession on an appeal."
To the same effect is Cyc. vol. 26, p. 216, in which the text reads:
"Where not otherwise reviewable a wrongful supersedeas may be corrected by mandamus; but where the order is discretionary it cannot as a general rule be reviewed. Where there is a clear right to supersedeas on appeal, mandamus will lie to compel the trial court to fix the amount of the bond."
These texts cite many supporting authorities in the notes, which are available. On the subject of the right of a superior court to issue mandamus in order to secure the rights of a litigant to and on appeal, Merrill on Mandamus, § 208, states the rule as follows :
"Where a party is entitled to an appeal from a decree or judgment against him, he may by the assistance of the writ of mandamus compel the allowance of such an appeal, the duties of the court in such case being merely ministerial. The court will be required by this writ to do all acts necessary to make the right of appeal efficacious; to enter a nunc pro tunc order as of date of the motion; to make a record of the allowance of an appeal from a judgment of the probate court; to allow an appeal from the probate of a codicil to a will; to make out and deliver a transcript from the appeal or writ of error; and to entertain an application for the' examination of an appeal bond, and, if found sufficient, to grant a supersedeas."
It is thus seen that there is apparently a unanimity of authority that a supervisory court, such as this court, under the Constitution and the statutes has the power to require an inferior court to grdnt, protect, and make efficacious the right of appeal and su-persedeas.
In the case before us the district judge has not only declined to do this, but has taken a positive step beyond his lawful power and jurisdiction to prevent the super-sedeas and appeal of relators being effective by granting an injunction which prohibits the exercise of rights guaranteed by the su-persedeas statute. It is clear that under article 3526, and under the Constitution, we have the power to grant the relief prayed for in this case. The. fact that application has heretofore been made to the Court of Civil Appeals for relief has no effect on our jurisdiction, G., C. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Muse, 109 Tex. 352, 363, 207 S. W. 897, 4 A. L. R. 613.
The question here involved is whether the statutory rights of a litigant under a super-sedeas may be nullified by the trial court by an injunction order. It concerns more than the litigants in this case, and more than merely the respective contentions of the relator in the original suit, and those whose interests he may represent, and the relators here. It is of general public interest, affecting every court and litigant in this state.
We are of the opinion that the record presents a state of facts which, if true, would require us in the exercise of sound discretion to grant the relief prayed for in the petition. 18 Ruling Case Daw, § 15, states the general rule which governs the exercise or the discretion of superior courts:
"Though the state courts of last resort are given original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus, and under such a grant have in many instances exercised such jurisdiction frequently without their jurisdiction being questioned, it does not follow that such courts whose principal function is to exercise appellate or supervisory jurisdiction will assume original jurisdiction in all cases in which their aid may be sought, and which otherwise may be a proper case for the use of the remedy. And in this connection' the established rule seems to be that as original jurisdiction is conferred in order that the court of highest authority in the state shohld have the power to protect the rights, interests, and franchises of the state, and the rights and interests of the whole people, to enforce the performance of high official duties affecting the public at large, and, in emergency (of which the court itself is to determine), to assume jurisdiction of case's affecting local public interests, or private rights, where there is no other adequate remedy, and the exercise of such jurisdiction is necessary to prevent a failure of justice, the court is vested with a sound legal discretion to determine for itself, as the question may arise, whether or not the case presented is of such a character as to call for the exercise of its original, jurisdiction."
Deave is granted to file the petition, and writs of prohibition and injunction will is sue staying and enjoining any action under the injunction described in the petition until further orders of this court upon final hearing.
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