Case Name: Catherine M. BLEY, Widow of Walter Leroy Bley, Deceased, Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY
Court: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania
Decision Date: 1979-03-16
Citations: 484 Pa. 365
Docket Number: No. 1848 C.D.
Parties: Catherine M. BLEY, Widow of Walter Leroy Bley, Deceased, Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY.
Judges: Before EAGEN, C. J., and ROBERTS, NIX, MANDERINO and LARSEN, JJ.
Reporter: Pennsylvania State Reports
Volume: 484
Pages: 365–373

Head Matter:
399 A.2d 119
Catherine M. BLEY, Widow of Walter Leroy Bley, Deceased, Appellant, v. COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
Argued Jan. 8, 1979.
Decided March 16, 1979.
Richard C. Tinucci, Media, Cronin, Emuryan & Roger D. Michael Emuryan, Folsom, for appellant.
Mary Ellen Krober, Asst. Atty. Gen., Harrisburg, for appellee.
Before EAGEN, C. J., and ROBERTS, NIX, MANDERINO and LARSEN, JJ.

Opinion:
OPINION
LARSEN, Justice.
On April 22, 1971, appellant's husband, a voluntary fireman in the Collingdale Fire Company for over twelve years, responded with other members of said fire company to a fire. While fighting this fire, appellant's husband collapsed and he subsequently was pronounced dead on arrival at a local hospital. The cause of death was a coronary .occlusion brought on by exposure to fire and by the excitement and extreme exertion of fighting a fire.
Appellant filed a claim for benefits for herself as surviving widow and her four children under The Pennsylvania Occupational Disease Act, Act of June 21, 1939, P.L. 566, No. 284, § 101 et seq., as amended, 77 P.S. § 1201 et seq. (1978-79 Supp.) (hereinafter referred to as "the Act"), alleging that her husband's death was caused by an "occupational disease". Following a hearing, a referee awarded the requested compensation which award was affirmed by the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board. The Delaware County Court of Common Pleas affirmed the Board's decision and upon further appeal, the Commonwealth Court reversed the Court of Common Pleas' decision, holding that volunteer firemen are not entitled to compensation under the Act. Commonwealth v. Bley, 28 Pa.Cmwlth. 342, 368 A.2d 872 (1977). We reverse. Volunteer firemen are entitled to compensation under the Act.
In construing a statute, we are governed by the Statutory Construction Act of 1972, Act of December 6, 1972, No. 290, § 3 et seq., 1 Pa.C.S.A. 1501 et seq. (1978-79 Supp.) which provides, among other things, that "the object of all interpretation and construction of statutes is to ascertain and effectuate the intention of the General Assembly." § 1921(a); "When the words of a statute are clear and free from all ambiguity, the letter of it is not to be disregarded under the pretext of pursuing its spirit." § 1921(b); and section 1921(c) provides that if "the words of the statute are not explicit, the intention of the General Assembly may be ascertained by considering, among other matters: . (3) The mischief to be remedied . . ." and "(5) The former law, if any, including other statutes upon the same or similar subjects."
The relevant sections of the Pennsylvania Occupational Disease Act (the Act) are Sections 1201 and 1208(o).
Section 1201 provides that the Act "shall apply to disabilities and deaths caused by occupational disease as defined in this act, resulting from employment within this Commonwealth, irrespective of the place where the contract of hiring was made, renewed, or extended, and shall not apply to any such disabilities and deaths resulting from employment outside of the Commonwealth."
Section 1208 provides in pertinent part:
"The term 'occupational disease' as used in this act, shall mean only the following diseases:"
There then follows a list of diseases and occupations numbered subsections (a) through (o). Our concern is with subsection (o) of section 1208 which provides:
"Diseases of the heart and lungs, resulting in either temporary or permanent disability or death after four years or more of service in firefighting for the benefit and safety of the public, caused by extreme overexertion in times of stress or danger or by exposure to heat, smoke fumes or gases, or arising directly out of the employment of any such fireman. The Commonwealth shall pay the full amount of compensation for the disability under the clause." (Emphasis supplied.)
There is no doubt that the deceased had "four years or more of service in firefighting for the benefit of the public" and that he died in a manner set forth in the statute [§ 1208(o)]. The Commonwealth contends, however, that the language of section 1201 which provides " . . . deaths caused by occupational diseases . . . resulting from employment within this Commonwealth . . . " and the language of section 1208(o) which provides "caused by extreme overexertion in times of stress or danger or by expo sure to heat, smoke, fumes or gases, or arising directly out of the employment of any such fireman" means that for a fireman to recover under this Act, he must have been in a paid employment situation. Thus, continues the Commonwealth, as decedent was a volunteer, he was not in an employment situation and hence, was not covered by the Act. This argument fails because the word "employment " as used in the Act refers to the manner of death as opposed to the relationship of the fireman to those he serves or is answerable to. This is so as to preclude a fireman from recovering benefits from a fire that has nothing to do with his area of service (fireman's house burns down and he dies as a result thereof while sleeping or a fireman dies while fighting a fire in another state or a fireman dies while viewing a movie when the theater burns down).
Our interpretation is further supported by the fact that prior to 1965, Section 1208(o) provided:
"Diseases of the heart and lung, resulting in death after four years or more of service in the full time salaried occupation of firefighting for the safety of the public caused by extreme overexertion . . . ." (Emphasis supplied.)
In 1965, section 1208(o) was amended [Act of December 17, 1965. P.L. 1121, § 1, 77 P.S. § 1208(o) (1978-79 Supp.)] by the legislature to delete the words "the full time salaried occupation of" and now read as set forth supra. Thus, the legislature removed the requirement of a firefighter being a full-time employee and a salaried or paid employee in order to recover under the Act.
Additionally, we are aware, just as the legislature was aware when they enacted the aforesaid deletion, that firefighting, whether paid or voluntary, is an extremely hazardous occupation. Firemen risk their lives for us, the citizens. We work, sleep and go about our business and pleasure in a relative degree of comfort because we know that our firemen are willing to take this, risk to protect us and our loved ones. In interpreting this Act, it is rather inconceivable that the legislature did not want to give all firemen an equal degree of comfort; that is, a knowledge that if they should die in the line of duty, their loved ones will be compensated in some manner. We adopt the language of the Superior Court in Butler v. United States Steel Corp., 205 Pa.Super. 508, 211 A.2d 35 (1965) — "The Occupational Disease Act must be liberally construed to effectuate its remedial and humanitarian purposes." See, 1 Pa.C.S.A. 1928(c).
Lastly, the Commonwealth contends that to allow recovery in cases such as this may threaten the financial integrity of the Act. [Citing Herman v. Kandrat Coal Co., 205 Pa.Super. 117, 208 A.2d 51 (1965)]. No evidence of such a threat has been submitted in this case. We note, however, that if all municipalities converted from a volunteer fire department to a "full time salaried" fire department, taxes would have to be raised substantially.
Reversed.
O'BRIEN, J., did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.
ROBERTS, J., filed a concurring opinion.
NIX, J., filed a concurring opinion in which MANDERINO, J., joins.
EAGEN, C. J., concurred in the result.