Case Name: TWEDDELL v. NEW YORK LIFE INS. & TRUST CO. et al.
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1894-12-14
Citations: 31 N.Y.S. 764
Docket Number: 
Parties: TWEDDELL v. NEW YORK LIFE INS. & TRUST CO. et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 31
Pages: 764–766

Head Matter:
(82 Hun, 602.)
TWEDDELL v. NEW YORK LIFE INS. & TRUST CO. et al.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
December 14, 1894.)
"Trusts—Accumulation op Income—Addins to Principal.
1 Rev. St. p. 726, § 37; "Id. p. 773, § 3,—authorizing an accumulation of income for the benefit of minors, does not authorize the income of a trust fund accumulated during the minority of the life beneficiary to be added to the principal of the trust when the beneficiary becomes of age, but such accumulation must then be paid to the beneficiary.
Submission, without action, of a controversy between Emma 0. "Tweddell, plaintiff,-and the Hew York Life Insurance & Trust Oom: ,pany and Charles H. Coffin, defendants, on an agreed statement of facts. Judgment for plaintiff.
The following facts are submitted by both parties: “Emma S. Clark, the -aunt of the plaintiff, departed this life, being a resident of Suffolk county, New. York, in the year 1889, leaving a last will and testament, which was ■thereafter duly admitted to probate by the surrogate of said county. Said will was in the words following, viz.: T, Emma Sarah Clark, of Setauket, Suffolk county, New York, do make, publish, and declare this my last will -■and testament, in manner following, to wit: First. I give and bequeath to my sister, Mrs. Annie J. Bills, all my wearing apparel and books, and sapphire and diamond ring and gold butterfly. Second. I give and bequeath to my friend Mrs. Eveleen T. Ooffin twenty thousand dollars. Third. I give -and bequeath to my niece Emma C. Bills all my jewelry not above bequeathed, and all the rest of my personal property not above bequeathed. The money, however, and the securities as evidence thereof, are given with 4he following restrictions, namely: Such moneys and securities all to be placed by my executor in the keeping and control of the New York Life In■suranee and Trust Company, and to be held by them during the term of her ■natural life, said company to pay over quarterly or semiannually to my executor the interest accruing upon said securities until said Emma C. Bills shall -arrive at the age of twenty-five years, should she live to that age, and, after she shall become twenty-five years old, to pay such interest to her directly ■during the period of her natural life. Fourth. I direct my executor to receive from said company the interest accruing upon said securities until my said niece shall become twenty-five years of age, should she live so long, and to dispose of the same as follows, namely: During the time from my decease till said Emma shall be nineteen years of age, to pay to her from said interest thus received by him, a sum not to exceed one thousand dollars per year; from then till she shall be twenty-one years of age, to pay her, from said interest, a sum not to exceed twelve hundred dollars a year; from then till she shall become twenty-five years of age, he shall pay to her the xvhole of said yearly Interest. And I hereby direct the said New York Life Insurance and Trust Company to reinvest such securities hereby intrusted to them, as shall run out, and I hereby direct my executor to reinvest the surplus interest accumulating over the yearly allowance above stated in the said New York Life Insurance and Trust Company, to the end that the same may be added to the trust fund, subject to the same regulations as the principal-above named, and become a part thereof. And I hereby further will and direct that the said Emma C. Bills may, at any time, bequeath by will all or any part of the funds thus entrusted to said company; and if she should not dispose of the same by will, it shall, upon her decease, be paid to her children or child, should she have any, equally. And I hereby appoint my friend. Charles H. Coffin the sole executor of this my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills by me made.’ The defendant Charles H. Coffin is the executor named in said will, and duly qualified, and still acts, as such, executor. The plaintiff is the Emma C. Bills referred to in said will. Subsequent to the death of said Emma S. Clark, the plaintiff married Francis; Tweddell.” The plaintiff has no children. She attained the age of 21 years, on the Gtli day of July, 1894. The defendants have received the income upon-the estate left in trust by said will, and from said income have paid to the plaintiff the annual sums directed to be paid to her by said will; but there still remains in their hands an accumulation of- such income received prior-to July G, 1894, amounting to $7,500. The questions submitted to the court-are: (1) Do the statutes of this state permit the provisions of said will, directing the accumulated income to be added to the capital of the trust estate-when plaintiff attained majority, and thereafter to be held in trust? (2) If such provision is invalid, should the sum of $7,500 (being such accumulated income) be paid to the plaintiff?
Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and O’BRIEN and PARKER, JJ.
Lucius H. Beers, for plaintiff.
R. E. Robinson, for defendant New York Life Ins. & Trust Co.
Wilson & Wallis, for defendant Coffin.

Opinion:
O'BRIEN, J.
The validity of the trust, as shown by the questions submitted, is not presented, except as to the accumulated income. But it is argued that inasmuch as the remainder over to the-plaintiff's children, provided by the fourth clause of the will, is repugnant to the absolute bequest in the third, the former is wholly void, and there is no valid remainder bequeathed; and from this-the conclusion is sought to be derived that, as there is no remainder, the accumulation is wholly for the benefit of the plaintiff, who. was an infant at the death of the testator; that she is to receive the income of the accumulation; and that the accumulated principal belongs to her absolutely, subject to the trust, and is disposable of by her by will, or wdll pass to her legal representatives. Iff the construction to be given to the will requires a holding that the remainder over to the children is void, then it would seem to follow that not only the accumulation of income, but the principal as well,, would belong to the plaintiff, freed from the trust. We think, however, that the intention of the testator, so far as it relates to the creation of a trust, is clear and valid. By the third clause, the residue of the testator's property is bequeathed to the plaintiff, subject to the restrictions that the same is to be placed in the keeping and control of the trust, company, to be held by it during the term of her-natural life, with a provision that the interest accumulating thereon should be paid over quarterly to the executors until the plain tiff's arrival at the age of 25, after which time the interest or income was to be paid to her directly during the period of her natural life. By the fourth clause, what the executor was to do with the interest or income is shown, it being therein provided that certain sums should be paid to plaintiff during certain periods of her life until she arrived at the age of 25 years, and that any excess over such payments should be added to the principal, and, upon her arrival at the age of 25, that the interest upon the entire fund thus made up of capital and income should be paid to her during her life, with power to plaintiff to' bequeath by will any part of the funds thus placed in trust, and, upon failure to dispose of the same by will, upon her decease the same to go to her "child or children, equally. It will thus be seen that a trust is created in the fund, with remainder over to her child or children, which remainder is subject to her right to dispose of the same by will. Such a disposition being clear and definite, and in no wise against any statute, should be upheld. In regard to the income accumulated during the infancy of the plaintiff, we think that, under the statute and decisions, it should be paid to her. The will provides that the accumulation saved out of the income shall not be paid over to the minor upon her attaining her majority, but, when she reaches the age of 25 years, shall be1 added to the principal of the trust fund, of which the principal is to be payable at her death to her appointees, or, failing appointment, to her children. This presents the precise question which was fully discussed and decided by the court of appeals in Pray v. Hegeman, 92 N. Y. 508, and Barbour v. De Forest, 95 N. Y. 13. As said in the former case (headnote):
"The provisions of the Revised Statutes (1 Rev. St. p. 726, § 37; Id. p. 773, § 3) authorizing an accumulation of the income of real and personal property for the benefit of minors require that the accumulation shall be for the benefit of a minor solely and during his minority, and that, when the period of accumulation ceases, the accumulated funds shall be released from further restraint, and paid over to the person for whose benefit the accumulation is directed. A direction for accumulation during a minority, accompanied with a- gift of the income of the accumulated fund, after the expiration of the minority, to the minor for life, and of the principal upon his death to other persons, is void.''
These cases are controlling, and the distinction sought to be made between them and the one at bar we regard as untenable. If we are right in our view that the plaintiff has but a life interest in the-fund, whether we regard such fund as the result of the original capital, or of such capital as increased by the accumulated income, then it is evident that the accumulation resulting during minority, although the plaintiff would receive the interest arising therefrom," when added to the capital, is not solely for the benefit of such minor, but will go upon her death to her appointees or her children.' We think, therefore, that, with regard to the first question, the statutes of this state do not permit the accumulated income to be added to the capital when plaintiff attained majority, and thereafter to be held in trust; and, secondly, that the sum of $7,500 (being such accumulated income) should be paid to the plaintiff. Judgment accordingly, with costs. All concur.