Case Name: Pitney v. Leonard and Leonard
Court: New York Court of Chancery
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1829
Citations: 1 Paige Ch. 461
Docket Number: 
Parties: *Pitney v. Leonard and Leonard.
Judges: 
Reporter: Paige's Chancery Reports
Volume: 1
Pages: 461–463

Head Matter:
*Pitney v. Leonard and Leonard.
Where a person enters into possession of land under a conveyance from one claiming the title, such title is presumed to be good until the contrary is shown.
Where a party has sufficient to put him on inquiry, it is equivalent in equity to actual notice
In 1813, the defendant John Leonard purchased of J. T. Pitney 235 acres of land on the west end of lot No. 4, in Ovid, and went into possession thereof. In 1816, he purchased other 235 acres of the complainant, in the same lot adjoining the first purchase, for $3,800, and gave back a bond and mortgage for the purchase-money. The mortgage was never registered; and shortly after the last purchase, J. Leonard conveyed 116 acres of the mortgaged premises with warranty to B. Bryant. In 1819, S. W. Baldwin claimed the whole of lot No. 4, and brought ejectment suits against J. Leonard and others who were in possession. The suit against J. Leonard was defended by him, and was pending until May, 1825, when J. Leonard entered into an arrangement with Baldwin, under which a cognovit was given, and a judgment entered in the ejectment suit. An execution was immediately issued, and J. Leonard and B. Leonard his son who was living on the land as tenant to his father, were formally turned out of possession. As soon as Baldwin was in possession, he executed a quit claim deed for the 116 acres to the heirs of Bryant, and another to B. Leonard for the remaining 354 acres; the latter paying $200 in cash, and seeming the payment of $550 more, in full for the purchase-money.
The complainant afterwards filed his bill in this cause to set aside the judgment and proceedings thereon as fraudulent against him, and to foreclose the mortgage against the 119 acres of the mortgaged premises which were not included in the deed to Bryant. The bill was taken as con fessed against J. Leonard. B. Leonard put in a plea, which was Overruled, and he then answered the bill; and the cause was heard on pleadings and proofs as against him.
A. Gibbs, for the complainant.
W. Kent for defendant B. Leonard.

Opinion:
The Chahoellor :—I have not thought it necessary to examine the question whether Aaron Pitney had the legal title to the land at the time he conveyed to J. Leonard. The latter went into possession under that title, which is to be presumed good until the contrary is shown. From the testimony adduced, there is no doubt the judgment in the ejectment suit was confessed for the purpose of destroying the lien of the complainant's mortgage. It was fraudulent and void as against him; and it is hardly possible to believe B. Leonard was not acquainted with the real nature and object of the transaction. He had at least sufficient to put him on inquiry, and that in equity is equivalent to a notice. He admits that he knew of the bond and mortgage, and the judgment which Pitney had obtained against his father on the bond. He knew his father had been contesting the title against Baldwin for years; and as the lands lay within sight of the court house, he could not have supposed that they had been recovered on a trial in the usual way. The judgment was filed and docketed at Htica on the 18th of May. The execution was delivered to the sheriff on the 16th; and on the same day, after allowing himself to be turned out of possession with all due formality on an execution against his father, he purchased the 854 acres of land, worth more than $6,000, for the trifling consideration of $750; and both himself and father return back into possession thereof. Under all these circumstances, he either knew the real nature and object of these proceedings or remained wilfully and intentionally ignorant. The judgment in the ejectment suit, and the proceedings and change of possession of the mortgaged premises under the same, must, therefore, be declared fraudulent and void as against the complainant. There must be a reference to a master to compute the amount due on the bond and mortgage, and the usual decree for the sale of the *119 acres of the mortgaged premises, on the coming in and confirmation of the master's report; and that the purchaser be let into possession on production of the master's deed, and a copy of the order confirming the report of the sale. And if the mortgaged premises do not sell for sufficient to pay the costs, over and above the amount reported due, with interest, the costs, or so much as is deficient, must be charged personally on the defendants.
Peters v. Goodrich, 3 Conn. 146; Booth v. Barnum, 9 Conn. 286; Hawley v. Cramer, 4 Cow. 717; Brush v. Ware, 15 Pet. 112; Jackson v. Cadwell, 1 Cow. 622; Tuttle v. Jackson, 6 Wen, 213; see also Am. Ch. Dig. by Waterman, tit. Notice.