Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Sylvia Jean WILLETT, also known as Jean Meeks Willett, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2013-11-25
Citations: 547 F. App'x 632
Docket Number: No. 12-11013
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Sylvia Jean WILLETT, also known as Jean Meeks Willett, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before WIENER, OWEN, and HAYNES, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 547
Pages: 632–633

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Sylvia Jean WILLETT, also known as Jean Meeks Willett, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 12-11013
Summary Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
Nov. 25, 2013.
Ellen R. Meltzer, Esq., Special Counsel, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, John Joseph de la Garza, III, Assistant U.S. Attorney, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Dallas, TX, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Camille M. Knight, Dallas, TX, for Defendant-Appellant.
Before WIENER, OWEN, and HAYNES, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM:
Sylvia Jean Willett pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit health care fraud and to six counts of health care fraud. Willett appeals the sentence imposed, arguing that the district court erred in applying a leadership enhancement pursuant to U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual (U.S.S.G.) § 3B1.1(a) (2011) because she was the organizer or leader of a criminal activity that involved five or more participants or was otherwise extensive. We review the district court's § 3B1.1 determination for clear error. United States v. Scroggins, 485 F.3d 824, 834 (5th Cir. 2007).
In her sole point of error, Willett argues that the government failed to show that her employees were willing participants in her criminal activity and that the activity was otherwise extensive. "A 'participant' is a person who is criminally responsible for the commission of the offense, but need not have been convicted." U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1, cmt. n. 1 (2011).
The district court's application of the enhancement was not clearly erroneous. Willett, through her two companies, charged insurance companies for medical equipment that doctors did not order and that their patients did not receive. The record reflects that to facilitate the fraud, Willett directed at least five employees to alter, change, or falsify documents and invoices. The employees removed product code stickers that doctors had placed on documents and replaced them with codes for more expensive equipment. The employees also obliterated product codes and wrote in new codes that were provided by Willett. Employees used photocopied doctors' signatures and, at times, forged the signatures themselves. Willett's employees knew that these activities were wrong and also knew that their activities formed the basis for insurance claims. Accordingly, a finding that there were five or more participants in the health care fraud was plausible in light of the record as a whole. See United States v. Dadi, 235 F.3d 945, 952 (5th Cir.2000). The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court' has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.