Case Name: STATE v. HARDIN
Court: Oregon Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Oregon
Decision Date: 1912-11-26
Citations: 63 Or. 305
Docket Number: 
Parties: STATE v. HARDIN.
Judges: 
Reporter: Oregon Reports
Volume: 63
Pages: 305–310

Head Matter:
Argued October 23,
decided November 26, 1912.
STATE v. HARDIN.
(127 Pac. 789.)
Rape — Indictment—Date of Offense.
1. In criminal prosecutions, tbe State must prove a particular act constituting tbe crime, but need not prove tbat it was committed on tbe exact date alleged in tbe indictment; so tbat, in a prosecution for statutory rape, proof tbat the offense was committed on a date when tbe prosecutrix was under tbe age of consent was properly admitted, and would sustain a conviction under an indictment charging tbe rape at a date when she bad passed tbe age of consent, where tbe defendant was informed on request as to tbe exact date of the offense upon which tbe prosecution would rely.
Criminal Daw — Criminal Prosecution — Evidence—Other Acts.
2. In a prosecution for rape, evidence of various acts of sexual intercourse between tbe defendant and tbe prosecutrix both before and after tbe crime charged, constituting a continuous illicit relation for three years, was properly admitted under proper instructions to prove tbe inclination or disposition of tbe defendant to commit tbe act charged.
Criminal Daw — Evidence—Statements of Accused.
3. In a prosecution for rape, a statement of tbe defendant to tbe effect tbat he kept bis stepdaughter, tbe prosecutrix, under subjection, so tbat she could not associate with anybody unless her parents were with her, was admissible to show bis control over tbe prosecutrix, and in corroboration of her testimony.
Criminal Daw — Trial—Conduct of Prosecutrix — Statements on Cross-Examination.
4. Reference by a prosecuting attorney to a contention of a defendant in rape as a “job” in bis cross-examination of a witness would not constitute ground for a reversal.
Criminal Daw — Trial—Requested Instructions — Inclusion in Others Given.
5. A requested charge in a rape prosecution was properly refused, where its substance was included in tbe charge of tbe court.
Criminal Law — Appeal and Error — Review—Questions of Fact.
6. A verdict in rape on conflicting testimony, but authorized by the evidence, is conclusive on review under Section 3, Article VII, of the Constitution, as amended. See Laws 1911, p. 7.
From Clackamas: James U. Campbell, Judge.
The defendant, William Marlin Hardin, was convicted of the crime of statutory rape upon his stepdaughter, Eva Phelps, formerly Eva Woods, a girl under the age of 16 years, and from a sentence following such conviction he appeals.
Affirmed.
For appellant there was a brief over the names of Messrs. Dimick & Dimick, Mr. M. Moreheacl', and Messrs. Christopherson & Matthews, with oral arguments by Mr. Grant B. Dimick and Mr. Q. L. Matthews.
For the State there was a brief with oral arguments by Mr. Edmund B. Tongue, District Attorney, and Mr. Levy Stipp.

Opinion:
Mr. Justice Bean
delivered the opinion of the court.
The indictment charges the crime to have been committed on the 15th day of October, 1911, and alleges the defendant, William Marlin Hardin, did then carnally know said Eva Phelps, a female child under the age of sixteen years. The defendant entered a plea of not guilty. At the commencement of the trial, counsel for defendant requested the prosecution to fix a date of the offense upon which it was intended to base the case. The district attorney stated that the State would rely upon the act which produced the pregnancy, committed on or about October 15, 1909, the date "1911" in the indictment being an error, of which defendant's counsel'were notified. The evidence tended to show that the defendant had criminal relation with the girl from the time she was about twelve years old, extending over a period of about three years, and until August, 1910, when she was married and left his home; that Eva Phelps was of the age of sixteen years August 30, 1911, and prior to the date named in the indictment.
1. On account of the prosecutrix being of the age of consent at the alleged date of the commission of the crime, counsel for the defense asked the court to direct a verdict of acquittal, and contended that the State could not sustain the indictment by proof that the victim was under the age of sixteen years at the time of the commission of the offense, at a date prior to that alleged; that the court erred in admitting such proof over the objection of the defendant, and instructing the jury that the alleged date of the commission of the crime was immaterial. The instruction given upon this point of the case was as follows:
"It is therefore necessary for the State to prove to you beyond a reasonable doubt that this crime was committed as charged in the indictment, within three years from the time of finding the indictment, the particular date not being material, the particular act, however, being material; that is, the prosecuting attorney stated that he intends that this particular date shall cover the time of the sexual intercourse by which the prosecuting witness, or this Eva Phelps, became pregnant of a child stillborn during the month of January, 1910, claiming that it had taken place the latter part of October, or the early part of November. Now, to that particular time you are confined. They must prove that this act they complain of occurred on or about that time; the exact date not being material. They must also show to you that at the time the act complained of was committed against this girl, she was under the age of sixteen years. It is incumbent upon the prosecution in this case to prove to you beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of the particular act charged in the indictment, and if the testimony is so indefinite that you cannot all agree upon the same act, or if, having agreed upon the same act, there is reasonable doubt in your minds as to whether the defendant committed the crime or not, then your verdict must be for the defendant."
Section 1443, L. O. L., provides that:
"That the precise time at which the crime was committed need not be stated in the indictment, but it maybe alleged to have been committed at any time before the finding thereof, and within the time in which an action may be commenced therefor, except where the time is a material ingredient in the crime."
See, also, upon this phase of the case State v. Eggleston, 45 Or. 346, 358 (77 Pac. 738). It is well settled in this State that in criminal actions the prosecution is compelled and require to prove some particular act constituting the crime, and to rely upon that for a conviction, but it is not compelled or required to prove that the crime was committed on the exact date alleged in the indictment. State v. Coss, 53 Or. 462, 467 (101 Pac. 193).
The allegation of the age of Eva Phelps contained in the indictment means the age at the time of the commission of the crime. The counsel for the defendant were upon their request informed as to the particular act upon which the prosecution would rely for conviction. The defendant had ample opportunity to make any defense he had thereto. We find no error in the ruling or instruction on that question.
The next error assigned by the defendant was in allowing the State to introduce evidence to prove various acts of sexual intercourse between defendant and Eva Phelps, the prosecutrix, before and after the one relied upon by the State for conviction. When a defendant is charged with illicit sexual intercourse, evidence of the commission of similar offenses with the same party, both before and after the crime charged, is admissible to prove an inclination or disposition to commit the act for which the accused is put upon his trial. State v. Robinson, 32 Or. 43, 50 (48 Pac. 357) ; State v. Eggleston, 45 Or. 346 (77 Pac. 738) ; State v. Coss, 53 Or. 462, 467 (101 Pac. 193) ; State v. Williams, 76 Me. 480; Commonwealth v. Nichols, 114 Mass. 285 (19 Am. Rep. 346) ; Bishop, Statutory Crimes (3 ed.), Section 680, et seq.
The trial court plainly told the jury not to consider evidence of other assaults for any purpose, except to show a lustful or sexual desire; that they must confine their deliberations upon the whole evidence to the specific charge. This was made clear in the ruling on the admission of the evidence and the instructions to the jury, and no error was committed in this respect. The evidence tended to show a continuous illicit relation. of the defendant with the prosecutrix for about three years. This was competent for the State to show for the purpose indicated and for the jury to consider under proper instruction.
Exception was taken to the admission of evidence as to the statement of the defendant to the effect that he kept his stepdaughter, Eva Phelps, under subjection, so that she had to obey, and did not associate with anybody unless one of her parents was with her, and that, if anything happened in his family, "you can know that I done it." This statement was said to have been made about the time of the commencement of the criminal intercourse, and was material as tending to show that the defendant had control over the prosecutrix, and to corroborate her evidence. It was for the jury to determine what the defendant had in mind when he made this statement.
W. H. H. Sampson, Esq., a witness for the defense, testified on cross-examination that, when the defendant was first arrested and brought before him, he stated that the case was a put-up job on him, and called it "blackmail." In interrogating the witness, the district attorney referred to the claim of the defense as to a "job." Counsel for defendant objected and excepted to the question as improper. While the language used could have been better framed by an impartial prosecutor, we do not think that it influenced the jury or that it is ground for reversal.
Counsel for the defendant contend that the court erred in refusing to give defendant's requested instruction as follows:
"If some of you think he was guilty of one act, and others of you think him guilty of a different act, your verdict must be, `not guilty.'
The substance of this requested instruction was given by the court in the latter part of the charge above quoted.
The case was, by the instructions of the court, fairly submitted to the jury, and, while the testimony was conflicting, the verdict was authorized by the evidence and under the provisions of Section 3 of Article VII of the Constitution, as amended (see Laws 1911, p. 7), should not be disturbed.
It follows that the judgment of the lower court should be affirmed, and it is so ordered. AFFIRMED.