Case Name: Eswin Marco Lopez-De LEON, Petitioner, v. Alberto GONZALES, Attorney General of the United States; Michael Chertoff, Secretary of Homeland Security, Respondents
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-04-04
Citations: 174 F. App'x 352
Docket Number: No. 04-1319
Parties: Eswin Marco Lopez-De LEON, Petitioner, v. Alberto GONZALES, Attorney General of the United States; Michael Cher-toff, Secretary of Homeland Security, Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 174
Pages: 352–353

Head Matter:
Eswin Marco Lopez-De LEON, Petitioner, v. Alberto GONZALES, Attorney General of the United States; Michael Cher-toff, Secretary of Homeland Security, Respondents.
No. 04-1319.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted: March 28, 2006.
Decided: April 4, 2006.
Robert Frager, Kansas City, MO, for Petitioner.
Eswin Marco Lopez-De Leon, Carthage, MO, pro se.
Thomas W. Hussey, Daniel E. Goldman, Karen Drummond, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Immigration Litigation, M. Jocelyn Wright, U.S. Department of Justice, OIL, Washington, DC, Nina Buff-ington, Chief Administrative Hearing Officer’s Office, Falls Church, VA, for Respondents.
John Ashcroft, Attorney General, Attorney General’s Office, Washington, DC, pro se.
Before ARNOLD, BYE, and SMITH, Circuit Judges.
. Alberto Gonzales, who has been appointed to serve as Attorney General of the United States, and Michael Chertoff, who has been appointed to serve as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, are substituted as respondents pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 43(c).

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
Guatemalan citizen Eswin Marco Lopez-De Leon (Leon) petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals, which summarily affirmed an Immigration Judge's (IJ's) denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT).
After careful review of the record, we conclude the IJ's decision, that Leon failed to establish either past persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of a protected ground, is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. See Menendez-Donis v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 915, 917-19 (8th Cir.2004) (standard of review). Further, because Leon failed to meet the burden of proof on his asylum claim, his application for withholding of removal necessarily fails as well, see Turay v. Ashcroft, 405 F.3d 663, 667 (8th Cir.2005) (withholding-of-removal standard is more rigorous than asylum standard), and we see no basis in the record for CAT relief, see Habtemicael v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 774, 780-82 (8th Cir.2004) (discussing considerations relevant to relief under CAT).
Accordingly, we deny the petition.
. The IJ's decision, therefore, constitutes the final agency determination for purposes of judicial review. See Dominguez v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 678, 679 n. 1 (8th Cir.2003).