Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Aldin Ray TWO MOONS Sr., Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2012-06-26
Citations: 486 F. App'x 628
Docket Number: No. 11-30228
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Aldin Ray TWO MOONS Sr., Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before: SILVERMAN and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges, and KOBAYASHI, District Judge.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 486
Pages: 628–630

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Aldin Ray TWO MOONS Sr., Defendant-Appellant.
No. 11-30228.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted June 8, 2012.
Filed June 26, 2012.
Marcia Kay Hurd, Esquire, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Office of the U.S. Attorney, Billings, MT, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Robert L. Kelleher, Jr., Esquire, Kelle-her Law Office, Billings, MT, for Defendant-Appellant.
Before: SILVERMAN and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges, and KOBAYASHI, District Judge.
The Honorable Leslie E. Kobayashi, United States District Judge for the District of Hawaii, sitting by designation.

Opinion:
MEMORANDUM
Defendant Aldin Ray Two Moons, Sr. ("Two Moons") appeals his sentence of fif ty-seven months of imprisonment for two counts of domestic assault by a habitual offender, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1158(a) and 117(a). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
We review a district court's interpretation of the Sentencing Guidelines de novo. United States v. Rodriguez-Ocampo, 664 F.3d 1275, 1277 (9th Cir.2011) (per curiam). We apply a clearly erroneous standard of review to a district court's findings of fact. United States v. McEnry, 659 F.3d 893, 896 (9th Cir.2011). "There is an intracircuit conflict as to whether the standard of review for application of the Guidelines to the facts is de novo or only for abuse of discretion[.]" Id. at 896 n. 5 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). The conflict, however, does not affect the outcome of this case because we would reach the same result under either standard.
First, Two Moons argues that the district court's imposition of a two-level enhancement pursuant to United States Sentencing Guidelines ("USSG") § 2A6.2(b)(l)(D) for a pattern of activity involving stalking, threatening, harassing, or assaulting the same victim constituted impermissible double counting because the Government relied on the same underlying incidents in the indictment. Two Moons, however, concedes that the district court applied the appropriate guideline, USSG § 2A6.2, and that the imposition of a two-level enhancement pursuant to § 2A6.2(b)(l)(B) for the infliction of bodily injury was warranted. Even assuming ar-guendo that, in applying § 2A6.2(b)(l)(D), the district court considered the same pri- or assaults that the Government relied upon in the Indictment, this was not impermissible double counting. See United States v. Pham, 545 F.3d 712, 717 (9th Cir.2008) ("[tjhere is nothing wrong with double counting when it is necessary to make the defendant's sentence reflect the full extent of the wrongfulness of his conduct" (citations and internal quotation marks omitted) (alteration in Pham)). Two Moons' pattern of assaulting Tonya Russette could be used to enhance his sentence pursuant to § 2A6.2(b)(l)(D) because the base offense level set in § 2A6.2(a) did not take that pattern into account and did not capture the full extent of the wrongfulness of Two Moons' behavior. See United States v. Reese, 2 F.3d 870, 895-96 (9th Cir.1993). We therefore affirm the district court's imposition of the two-level enhancement pursuant to § 2A6.2(b)(l)(D) for "a pattern of activity involving stalking, threatening, harassing, or assaulting the same victim[.]"
Second, Two Moons challenges the district court's imposition of a two-level enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1 for obstruction of justice. According to the Presentence Report ("PSR"), on or before May 3, 2011, Two Moons mailed two envelopes containing three letters he wrote to Russette. He addressed one envelope to Russette and the other to their five-year-old daughter. Also, on or before May 17, 2011, Two Moons mailed Russette a copy of her written statement to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, dated October 13, 2010, with Two Moons' handwritten comments on it. [PSR at ¶ 21-25.] The district court found that these letters were "more or less . a threat" and that Two Moons intended to affect Russette's testimony. [ER at 14.] Based on the history of abuse in their relationship and the specific content of the letters, the district court's finding was not clearly erroneous. We therefore affirm the district court's imposition of the two-level obstruction of justice enhancement pursuant to § 3C1.1.
Accordingly, we AFFIRM Two Moons' sentence.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provid- . ed by 9 th Cir. R. 36-3.
. The district court sentenced Two Moons to concurrent terms of fifty-seven months of imprisonment for Count 1 and eleven months of imprisonment for Count 2, for a total sentence of fifty-seven months.
. Although § 117(a) does not require that the victim in the prior offenses be the same person as the victim in the charged offense, both counts of the Indictment alleged that Two Moons "intentionally assaulted a person with whom the defendant has cohabitated and shares children in common, after having been convicted of at least two prior separate assaults against said personf.]" [Excerpts of Record ("ER") at 22-23.]