Case Name: NTN Corporation, NTN Bearing Corporation of America, American NTN Bearing Manufacturing Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., NTN-Bower Corporation, and NTN-BCA Corporation, Plaintiffs, v. United States, Defendant, and The Timken Company, Defendant-Intervenor
Court: United States Court of International Trade
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2008-11-24
Citations: 32 Ct. Int'l Trade 1283
Docket Number: Court No. 08-00329
Parties: NTN Corporation, NTN Bearing Corporation of America, American NTN Bearing Manufacturing Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., NTN-Bower Corporation, and NTN-BCA Corporation, Plaintiffs, v. United States, Defendant, and The Timken Company, Defendant-Intervenor.
Judges: 
Reporter: United States Court of International Trade Reports
Volume: 32
Pages: 1283–1290

Head Matter:
587 F.Supp.2d 1313
NTN Corporation, NTN Bearing Corporation of America, American NTN Bearing Manufacturing Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., NTN-Bower Corporation, and NTN-BCA Corporation, Plaintiffs, v. United States, Defendant, and The Timken Company, Defendant-Intervenor.
Court No. 08-00329
Dated: November 24, 2008
Baker & McKenzie, LLP (Donald J. Unger, Diane A. MacDonald, and Joseph W. LaFramboise) for plaintiffs.
Stewart & Stewart (Geert De Prest, Terence P. Stewart, William A. Fennell, and Lane S. Hurewitz) for defendant-intervenor.
Gregory D. Katsas, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, Patricia M. McCarthy, Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice (L. Misha Preheim); Deborah King, Office of Chief Counsel for Import Administration, United States Department of Commerce, of counsel, for defendant.

Opinion:
OPINION AND ORDER
STANCEU, Judge:
Plaintiffs initiated this action under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a (2000) to contest the final results ("Final Results") of an administrative review of an antidumping duty order on ball bearings and parts thereof from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom conducted by the International Trade Administration, United States Department of Commerce ("Commerce" or the "Department"). Ball Bearings and Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Admin. Reviews and Rescission of Reviews in Part, 73 Fed. Reg. 52,823 (Sept. 11,2008) {"Final Results"). Defendant moves for leave to allow Commerce to publish amended final results that would incorporate a correction to what defendant describes as a ministerial error affecting the weighted average dumping margin that Commerce determined to be applicable to exports by plaintiff NTN Corporation ("NTN"). Def.'s Mot. for Leave to Publish Am. Final Results Correcting a Ministerial Error ("Def.'s Mot."). Plaintiffs oppose the motion on various grounds. Pis.' Resp. in Opp'n to the Gov't's Mot. for Leave to Publish Am. Final Results Correcting a Ministerial Error ("Pis.' Opp'n"). Because allowing the Department to develop and publish amended final results for the administrative review will further the intent of Congress that ministerial errors be promptly corrected, will not prejudice any party, and will not cause undue delay or expense, the court is granting defendant's motion.
I. BACKGROUND
In the Final Results, which pertain to a period of review from May 1, 2006 to April 30, 2007, Commerce determined a weighted average dumping margin of 11.96% for NTN. Final Results, 73 Fed. Reg. at 52,825. During the administrative review, Commerce selected only one other producer/exporter of subject merchandise from Japan for individual examination in addition to NTN. Id. at 52,824. Commerce assigned that producer/exporter, JTEKT Corporation ("JTEKT"), a weighted average dumping margin of 8.03%. Id. at 52,824-25. Citing a limitation on its available resources, Commerce declined to review seven other Japanese producer/exporters, to each of which Commerce assigned the rate of 10.00%, the result of Commerce's calculating a simple average of the rates assigned to the two reviewed respondents. Id. The correction Commerce proposes to make to the rate for NTN would also affect the final results applicable to the seven other exporters that Commerce did not select for individual examination.
After the September 11, 2008 publication of the Final Results, defendant-intervenor The Timken Company ("Timken") submitted to Commerce, on September 16, 2008, ministerial error comments alleging that Commerce had made an error in the calculation of the adjustment for NTN's home-market packaging expenses. Def.'s Mot. 2; Pis.' Opp'n 5. NTN acknowledges that it received those comments on September 17, 2008. Pis.' Opp'n 5. Defendant asserts that neither NTN nor any other party to the administrative review proceeding submitted a reply to Timken's comments. Def.'s Mot. 2.
Plaintiffs initiated this action on September 25, 2008, challenging the Final Results on various grounds. See Compl. ¶ 3. On the same day that they filed their summons and complaint, plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(c) to prevent the liquidation of their entries affected by the administrative review, a motion to which defendant consented. See Mot. for Prelim. Inj. 1-4; see also Stipulation Regarding Prelim. Inj. 2. The consent motion was granted on September 30, 2008, resulting in an order under which defendant is enjoined from liquidating entries of plaintiffs' merchandise. Order, Sep. 30, 2008.
JTEKT and Koyo Corporation of U.S.A. also brought an action contesting the Final Results by filing a summons and complaint on September 24, 2008, a day prior to the initiation of this action. JTEKT Corp. v. United States, Court No. 08-00324. Additionally, Aisin Seiki Company, Ltd., one of the Japanese producer/exporters not selected for individual examination by the Department, and Aisin Holdings America, Inc., filed a summons on October 10, 2008 and a complaint on November 10, 2008 contesting the Final Results. Aisin Seiki Co. v. United States, Court No. 08-00370. Defendant United States has filed parallel motions in those cases to issue amended final results. The motions are not opposed by the parties to those proceedings.
II. DISCUSSION
In the antidumping statute, Congress provided, specifically with respect to final results of administrative reviews, that Commerce "shall establish procedures for the correction of ministerial errors in final determinations within a reasonable time after the determinations are issued." 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h) (2000). A parallel provision in the statute requires Commerce to promulgate ministerial error correction procedures that apply following issuance of final less-than-fair-value determinations. See id. § 1673d(e) (2000). Both provisions require Commerce to ensure opportunities for interested parties to present their views regarding ministerial errors. Id. § 1673d(e), 1675(h). Commerce has promulgated procedural rules implementing both provisions. See 19 C.F.R. § 351.224 (2008).
The ministerial error provisions in the statute signify the importance Congress attached to Commerce's correcting ministerial errors promptly after issuance of final determinations in antidumping proceedings. Nevertheless, the court may exercise its discretion to disallow issuance of an amended final determination in an antidumping duty investigation or review in the special situation where, as here, the published final determination has been contested under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a and therefore is subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of International Trade. See Zenith Elecs. Corp. v. United States, 884 F.2d 556, 562 (Fed. Cir. 1989). Were the court to do so by denying defendant's motion, Commerce could correct any ministerial error that may have occurred in the calculation of the adjustment for NTN's domestic packing expense only after a remand in this judicial review proceeding rather than through the general ministerial error correction procedure contemplated by 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h), under which ministerial errors that may exist in a final determination are to be corrected "within a reasonable time." 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h). The question presented by defendant's motion, and by plaintiffs' opposition to it, is whether the commencement of this litigation provides the court valid reasons to foreclose the operation of the usual procedure. In deciding this question and ruling on defendant's motion, the court is guided by the general congressional intent signified by 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h) but also is mindful of its obligations to prevent unfairness to any party and to avoid unnecessary delay or expense. See USCIT R. 1. Plaintiffs argue that defendant's motion should be denied in the interests of judicial economy and fairness to NTN. Pis.' Opp'n 4.
Plaintiffs acknowledge in their complaint that "[t]he Department made a clerical error in calculating NTN's home market packing cost adjustment." Compl. ¶ 36. Defendant desires that Commerce correct the calculation of the packing expense adjustment at this time, concerning which a clerical error originally was alleged by defendant-intervenor Timken. Def.'s Mot. 1-3. Thus, all parties to this case appear to agree that the packing expense adjustment is in need of some type of recalculation. Denying defendant's motion would have the effect of delaying any correction that might be necessary until the Department issues remand results in response to a future court order. In the event of such delay, cash deposit rates set according to the Final Results will be in effect but may not be correct. In addition, the recalculation will affect the margins and deposit rates of producer/exporters who are not parties to this case or to JTEKT Corp. and Aisin Seiki Co., and whose entries therefore are not subject to an injunction against liquidation. Allowing correction of the calculation error will further the congressional purpose underlying 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h) by preventing liquidation of entries of merchandise according to a margin affected by an incorrect calculation.
The second factor the court considers is procedural fairness to the parties to this case. The court concludes that granting defendant's motion will not cause prejudice to any party. Plaintiffs may contest the amended final determination the Department is prepared to publish and thereby raise any issues related to the Department's new calculation of NTN's home-market packing expense adjustment. Defendant-intervenor also will have the opportunity to raise such issues.
The next question is whether delay of the progress of this case is an adequate justification for denying defendant's motion. To some extent, delaying correction of an error in the packing cost adjustment could expedite this proceeding by avoiding issuance of amended final results and avoiding the need for parties to amend their pleadings. However, the potential delay occasioned by the granting of defendant's motion will not be significant. Defendant only recently, on November 10, 2008, filed the administrative record for this case. With further respect to the question of possible delay, it cannot be known at this stage of the litigation whether the issues raised in this case other than the packing expense adjustment issue will result in a remand to the Department. In the event that a remand does not result from these other issues, a denial of defendant's motion might necessitate a later remand solely for the purpose of correcting the packing expense adjustment calculation.
Defendant informs the court that Commerce is prepared to publish the amended final results within seventeen calendar days of the court's Order and that it will supplement the administrative record as necessary within two days of publication of the amended final results in the Federal Register. Def.'s Submission as Ordered at the Nov. 18, 2008 Status Conference 1-2. So that untoward delay does not result from the granting of defendant's motion, the court's Order provides that any amended final results that the Department chooses to issue must be published in the Federal Register by December 15, 2008 and that the administrative record must be supplemented two days after that date, by December 17, 2008. Absent truly extraordinary circumstances, the court will not grant extensions of these time periods. Should Commerce not publish amended final results by the original or extended due date, any amended final results that are published thereafter will be null and void as unauthorized by the court, and this case will proceed upon the review of the Final Results.
With respect to the costs of litigating this case, the court's granting of defendant's motion will necessitate the filing of pleadings directed to the amended final results. This would not appear to be a complex or burdensome task. The court is granting plaintiff, pursuant to USCIT Rule 3(e), leave to file an amended summons and, pursuant to USCIT Rule 15(a), leave to file an amended complaint, and thus plaintiffs need not incur an additional filing fee as provided for in USCIT Rule 3(b).
Plaintiffs raise several arguments in opposing defendant's motion in addition to their arguments concerning judicial economy and fairness, which are addressed above. Plaintiffs argue, first, that the motion is actually a request for a remand to the Department and that this request is not supported by an adequate showing of need. Pis.' Opp'n 1-2. The court does not view defendant's motion as a request for a remand. The court would order a remand of the Final Results if it concluded, based on a judicial review proceeding conducted according to USCIT Rule 56.2, or based on the arguments the parties presented concerning a motion for a voluntary remand, that the Final Results as published on September 11, 2008 are not in accordance with law. Plaintiffs' argument mischaracterizes defendant's motion, which instead of seeking a voluntary remand of the September 11, 2008 Final Results seeks leave for Commerce to supplant the Final Results with amended final results that would incorporate a ministerial error correction. The amended final results then would become the final administrative decision potentially subject to judicial review.
Plaintiffs' second argument is that the government's motion is premature in attempting to "circumvent the traditional progress of a case in the Court of International Trade," pointing out that the government has not yet filed an answer to the complaint and that Commerce has not yet filed the administrative record (which was filed not long after plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motion). Id. at 2. This argument is inconsistent with the Court's Rules, under which no answer to the complaint is filed in a case invoking the Court's jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). See USCIT R. 7(a) ("There shall be a complaint and, except for an action described in 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), an answer . . . ." (emphasis added)).
Plaintiffs argue that defendant's motion is premature, vague, and lacking in supporting legal and factual analysis. Pis.' Opp'n 2-3, 6. Plaintiffs assert that NTN cannot properly assess any suggested correction and that the court, absent facts before it, cannot assess whether the ministerial error has occurred (even though plaintiffs acknowledge that it has), whether the correction is appropriate, or whether the form of the correction will truly be ministerial. Id. at 2-3. Contrary to the premise of this argument, the court need not decide the merits of the home-market packing expense adjustment issue to rule on defendant's motion. NTN need not assess the merits of this issue at this time because it will have the opportunity to do so after amended final results are published and the administrative record is supplemented as necessary.- The merits of the issue may be litigated along with the other issues presented for judicial review.
Plaintiffs' remaining argument is that the court should deny defendant's motion because the Department's own actions in implementing its "fifteen-day" policy required plaintiffs to file this case prematurely, before the Department had time to implement the ministerial error correction. Id. at 6-7. Plaintiffs attach significance to the Department's announcing in the Final Results its intention to issue assessment and liquidation instructions to United States Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") fifteen days after publication of the Final Results. Final Results, 73 Fed. Reg. at 52,825.
The court is aware that the Department's policy of issuing assessment and liquidation instructions to CBP within fifteen days of publication, and its related practice of drafting such instructions to allow immediate liquidation of affected entries, cause parties to file, on an extremely time-sensitive basis, pleadings contesting final determinations in antidumping duty proceedings, and motions for preliminary injunctions (and in some cases temporary restraining orders) to prevent liquidation of affected entries. In the case at bar, plaintiffs filed their summons, complaint, and motion for a preliminary injunction against liquidation fourteen days after publication of the Final Results. The court, in granting defendant's motion subject to conditions, as stated in this Opinion and Order, does not express approval of the Department's "fifteen-day" policy, which has not been challenged in this case. It would appear that Commerce's adoption of a more carefully-considered policy could benefit affected parties by avoiding costs, burdens, and inconvenience. Denying defendant's motion could have the effect of encouraging the Department to pursue such a change. Nevertheless, the court declines to place the objective of influencing an agency policy that will affect future cases above considerations in the case now before the court. As discussed in this Opinion and Order, those considerations are the congressional intent underlying 19 U.S.C. § 1675(h), fairness to all parties, and avoidance of unnecessary delay and expense.
Ill CONCLUSION AND ORDER
The court concludes that Commerce should be permitted to issue amended final results in accordance with this Opinion and Order. Accordingly, and in consideration of all papers and proceedings herein, it is hereby
ORDERED that Defendant's Motion for Leave to Publish Amended Final Results Correcting a Ministerial Error, as filed on October 1, 2008, be, and hereby is, GRANTED subject to the conditions set forth in this Opinion and Order; it is further
ORDERED that Commerce is authorized to publish in the Federal Register, by no later than December 15, 2008, amended final results in the administrative review that is the subject of the Federal Register notice, Ball Bearings and Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Reviews and Rescission of Reviews in Part, 73 Fed. Reg. 52,823 (Sept. 11, 2008), for the sole purpose of addressing a possible clerical error in the calculation of the adjustment for plaintiff NTN's home-market packing expenses; it is further
ORDERED that the Department shall file, by no later than December 17, 2008, any documents required to complete the administrative record in conformance with the amended final results; it is further
ORDERED that, as an exercise of the court's jurisdiction over this proceeding, any amended final results directed to the above-described administrative review that are published in the Federal Register after the original or extended due date established by the court are hereby declared null and void; it is further
ORDERED that, if amended final results are issued, plaintiffs, pursuant to USCIT Rule 3(e), hereby are granted leave to file an amended summons and, pursuant to USCIT Rule 15(a), an amended complaint, by no later than January 14, 2009; it is further
ORDERED that defendant-intervenor The Timken Company will maintain its status as defendant-intervenor, first ordered by the court on October 9, 2008, following the issuance of amended final results and the filing of an amended summons and complaint as authorized by this Order; and it is further
ORDERED that the injunction entered by the Court by the order dated September 30, 2008 remains in effect according to the terms of that order.
The seven producer/exporters not selected for individual examination were Aisin Seiki Company, Ltd., Canon, Inc., Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp., Nippon Pillow Block Company Ltd., Sapporo Precision, Inc., Toyota Motor CorpVToyota Industries Corp., and Yamazaki Mazak Trading Company. Ball Bearings and Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Admin. Reviews and Rescission of Reviews in Part, 73 Fed. Reg. 52,823, 52,825 (Sept. 11, 2008).
The Court of International Trade, in circumstances similar to those of this case, granted leave for the filing of amended final results to correct alleged ministerial errors. Federal-Mogul Corp. v. United States, 16 CIT 975, 983, 809 F. Supp. 105, 112 (1992). In that case, the Court of International Trade allowed parties to file amended pleadings. Id.