Case Name: Robert HAIGLER, Petitioner-Appellant, v. James CONWAY, Respondent-Appellee
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2015-02-17
Citations: 595 F. App'x 77
Docket Number: No. 13-2062
Parties: Robert HAIGLER, Petitioner-Appellant, v. James CONWAY, Respondent-Appellee.
Judges: PRESENT: AMALYA L. KEARSE, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON and SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 595
Pages: 77–79

Head Matter:
Robert HAIGLER, Petitioner-Appellant, v. James CONWAY, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 13-2062.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Feb. 17, 2015.
Robert Haigler, Malone, NY, pro se Petitioner-Appellant.
Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney General of the State of New York, Barbara D. Underwood, Solicitor General, Nikki Kow-alski, Deputy Solicitor General for Criminal Matters, Joanna Hershey, Assistant Attorney General, New York, NY, for Respondent-Appellee.
PRESENT: AMALYA L. KEARSE, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON and SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
In 2005, Petitioner Robert Haigler was convicted of three counts of robbery in the first degree. The Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court upheld his conviction, People v. Haigler, 44 A.D.3d 329, 843 N.Y.S.2d 36 (2007), and the New York Court of Appeals denied leave to appeal, People v. Haigler, 9 N.Y.3d 1006, 850 N.Y.S.2d 394, 880 N.E.2d 880 (2007). Haigler, proceeding pro se, petitioned the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Sand, J.) for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. By an order filed on April 30, 2013, the district court denied Haigler's petition and granted a certificate of ap-pealability on whether Haigler was denied a fair trial in violation of his Fourteenth Amendment right to due process because: (1) the trial court did not declare a mistrial when a prosecution witness testified that prosecutors "offer[ed]" Haigler "too much time" in prison; (2) the prosecutor's summation cautioned the jury against being "manipulate[d]" by Haigler; and (3) the prosecutor's summation incorrectly stated that Haigler placed an intimidating phone call to a particular witness. R.A. 19. We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.
This Court reviews a district court's decision to deny a habeas petition de novo. Bierenbaum v. Graham, 607 F.3d 36, 47 (2d Cir.2010). Under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d), as amended by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act ("AEDPA"), Pub.L. No. 104-132, § 104, 110 Stat. 1214, 1219 (1996), "a writ of habeas corpus may not issue for any claim adjudicated on the merits by a state court unless the state-court decision was 'contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States,' . or was 'based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented' in state court." Brown v. Alexander, 543 F.3d 94, 100 (2d Cir.2008) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)-(2)). A state court unreasonably applies clearly established federal law as determined by the Supreme Court "if [it] identifies the correct governing legal principle . but unreasonably applies that principle to the particular facts of [a] prisoner's case." Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 413, 120 S.Ct. 1495, 146 L.Ed.2d 389 (2000). "[A]n unreasonable application of federal law is different from an incorrect or erroneous application' of federal law," and requires "[s]ome increment of incorrectness beyond error." Overton v. Newton, 295 F.3d 270, 277 (2d Cir.2002) (emphases and internal quotation marks omitted).
The district court properly denied Haigler's habeas petition and rejected each of the three claims on which it granted a certificate of appealability. First, the Appellate Division decided that Haigler was not entitled to a mistrial after a witness for the prosecution testified that the government "offer[ed]" Haigler significant prison time. "The presumption of innocence . is a basic component of a fair trial under our system of criminal justice." Estelle v. Williams, 425 U.S. 501, 503, 96 S.Ct. 1691, 48 L.Ed.2d 126 (1976). But the Supreme Court has never established that a fleeting suggestion that the government offered the defendant a plea agreement impairs that presumption. See, e.g., id. at 505, 96 S.Ct. 1691 (noting that a defendant wearing prison attire "is so likely to be a continuing influence throughout the trial that . an unacceptable risk is presented of impermissible factors coming into play"). Nor has it established that such a suggestion "impair[s] the presumption of innocence to such an extent that a mistrial is required." United States v. Deandrade, 600 F.3d 115, 119 (2d Cir.2010). We therefore conclude that the state court's decision was neither contrary to, nor an unreasonable application of, "clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States," 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).
Second, the Appellate Division did not unreasonably apply clearly established federal law in determining that Haigler was not deprived of a fair trial when the prosecutor's summation cautioned the jury against being "manipulated" by Haigler. A prosecutor's improper comments "violate the Constitution only if they 'so infected the trial with unfairness as to make the resulting conviction a denial of due process.' " Parker v. Matthews, — U.S. -, 132 S.Ct. 2148, 2153, 183 L.Ed.2d 32 (2012) (quoting Darden v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168, 181, 106 S.Ct. 2464, 91 L.Ed.2d 144 (1986)). The Supreme Court has emphasized that this "standard is a very general one, leaving courts more leeway . in reaching outcomes in case-by-case determinations." Id. at 2155 (internal quotation marks omitted). In Haigler's trial, the prosecutor's summation addressed Haigler's attempts to intimidate witnesses. The statement cautioning jurors against being "manipulated" came during that discussion. Although the comment was inappropriate, in context it did not stray far from the evidence and was not clearly designed to inflame the jury's passions. Cf. United States v. Marrale, 695 F.2d 658, 667 (2d Cir.1982) (concluding that a prosecutor's "admonition to the jury not to 'be fooled' " by the defense attorney did not "fall[] into the category of impermissible conduct"). The Appellate Division's determination that the comment did not infect the trial with unfairness was therefore not an unreasonable application of clear Supreme Court precedent.
Finally, the Appellate Division concluded that the prosecutor did not deprive Hai-gler of a fair trial by incorrectly stating that Haigler made an intimidating phone call to John Maldonado, a government witness. That decision did not involve an unreasonable application of clearly established federal law. As the district court explained, Haigler made intimidating calls to two other government witnesses, including one call in which, as the recipient told Maldonado, Haigler had recited both the recipient's home address and that of Maldonado. So "[w]hile [the] prosecution's misstatement may have made Haigler look a shade more sinister," it did not deprive him of his right to a fair trial because "whether or not Maldonado received a call [was] more or less immaterial with regards to the jury's picture of the overall verdict." R.A. 16.
We have reviewed the petitioner's remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.