Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Damian STEPLIGHT, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2002-12-03
Citations: 51 F. App'x 453
Docket Number: No. 02-4088
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Damian STEPLIGHT, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 51
Pages: 453–454

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Damian STEPLIGHT, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 02-4088.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Submitted Oct. 31, 2002.
Decided Dec. 3, 2002.
John Kenneth Zwerling, Zwerling & Kemler, P.C., Alexandria, Virginia, for Appellant. Paul J. McNulty, United States Attorney, LeDora Knight, Assistant United States Attorney, Alexandria, Virginia, for Appellee.
Before WILLIAM D. WILKINS, DIANA GRIBBON MOTZ, and TRAXLER, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished PER CURIAM opinion.

Opinion:
OPINION
PER CURIAM.
Damian Steplight was convicted of conspiracy to distribute fifty grams or more of crack cocaine and was sentenced to life imprisonment. On appeal, Steplight maintains that the prosecutor made improper remarks during opening and closing arguments and that his prior felony convictions should not have been treated as sentencing factors. We affirm.
To prevail on a claim of prosecutorial misconduct, Steplight must show: (1) the government's remarks and conduct were improper; and (2) the remarks or conduct prejudicially affected his substantial rights so as to deprive him of a fair trial. United States v. Golding, 168 F.3d 700, 702 (4th Cir.1999). This court reviews a district court's factual findings on prosecutorial misconduct for clear error. United States v. Ellis, 121 F.3d 908, 927 (4th Cir.1997). Defense counsel objected at trial to only two of the prosecutor's remarks with which he now takes issue on appeal. With the exception of these two claims, because Steplight failed to object to the prosecu tor's remarks at the time they were made, we review for plain error. Fed.R.Crim.P. 52(b); United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 731-32, 113 S.Ct. 1770, 123 L.Ed.2d 508 (1993). We have reviewed the record in light of Steplight's claims of prosecutorial misconduct and find no reversible error.
Steplight also maintains on appeal that he was improperly sentenced to life without parole under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) (2000) based on two prior felony drug convictions. Steplight argues that his felony convictions should have been alleged in the indictment as elements of the offense, and that the jury should have been required to find him guilty of all elements beyond a reasonable doubt.
In Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), the Supreme Court held prior felony convictions are merely sentencing enhancements rather than elements of an offense and need not be charged in an indictment. Subsequently, the Supreme Court held in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), that other than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 490, 120 S.Ct. 2348. Apprendi specifically excluded enhancements based on prior convictions from its holding. Therefore, the government was not required to charge Steplight's prior felony convictions in the indictment. Furthermore, this court has expressly determined that the holding in Almendarez-Torres was not overruled by Apprendi. United States v. Sterling, 283 F.3d 216, 220 (4th Cir.), cert, denied, — U.S.-, 122 S.Ct. 2606, 153 L.Ed.2d 792 (2002).
Accordingly, we affirm Steplight's conviction and sentence. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED.