Case Name: Philip G. Hubert et al., Resp'ts, v. John G. Aitkin, App'lt
Court: New York Court of Common Pleas
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1888-12-03
Citations: 19 N.Y. St. Rep. 914
Docket Number: 
Parties: Philip G. Hubert et al., Resp’ts, v. John G. Aitkin, App’lt.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 19
Pages: 914–917

Head Matter:
Philip G. Hubert et al., Resp’ts, v. John G. Aitkin, App’lt.
(New York Common Pleas, General Term,
Filed December 3, 1888.)
1. Architect—What knowledge one holding himsele out as architect IS PRESUMED TO HAVE.
An architect is an expert in carpentry, in cements, in mortar, in the strength, of materials, in the art of eonslructing walls, etc., etc., and. is in duty bound to possess reasonable skill and knowledge as to all these things, and when in the progress of civilization new conveniences are introduced in a hovpe, and become not curious novelties, hut the customary means of securing the comforts of the unpretentious citizen, he will he expected to possess the lochn cal learning respecting them, that is exacted of him with respect to other and older branches of his professional studies.
2. Same—'When liable fob making flue of chimney too small.
Ah architect who is employed to superintend the construction of a first-class apartment house to be heated by steam, and was directed to confer with whomsoever became the contractor for the steam heating, to ascertain what dimensions were required for the chimney flue, to afford a draft for the steam heating system, is responsible for making tlie flue too small, and liable for the damage resulting therefrom, although he followed the directions given by the contractor for the steam heating.
Appeal from a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, entered upon the. report of a referee.
Lemuel Skidmore, for resp’ts; Vanderpoel, Green & Cumings, for app’lt.

Opinion:
Van Hoesen, J.
The learned referee, in answer to the thirty-eighth request of the defendant, has found that the sectional area of the boiler flues for the building was 404 inches ; that the sectional area of the chimney flue designed to receive the smoke and gases from the boiler flues was, at its base, where it was entered by the boiler flue, 272 inches; that the area provided by said chimney was inadequate for the service of said boiler fires; that by reason of the inadequacy of the said chimney flue the proper combustion of the coal in said boiler fires could not be secured ; that to supply the deficiency of said chimney flue, the defendant will necessarily and properly be required to build a new chimney flue on the outside of said building; and that the necessary cost and expense thereof will be $1,000.
But the learned referee was of opinion that the plaintiffs were not liable to the defendant for the expense of supplying the deficiencies of the chimney, because though architects by profession they are not experts in steam-heating, and, to use the referee's .language, "all that was required of them was that they should confer with whoever became the contractor for the steam-heating, and ascertain what dimensions were required for the chimney flue to afford a draft for the steam-heating system. This they did, and Tudor, the contractor for the steam-heating appliances, gave the dimensions. While it is obvious that this chimney was. insufficient, the responsibility should rest upon the person who committed the fault."
I am unable to agree with the referee in his conclusion. The plaintiffs are architects of standing who assume to be able to plan and superintend the construction of first-class-apartment-houses, to be heated by steam, and to be provided with every convenience demanded by the luxurious tastes of the day. They are not architects in a rural community, but in the first city in America. Steam-heating is, as we all know, common—-if not a necessity—in all apartment-houses, of large size, and of a high class.
It is true that houses of this description are of recent introduction, but they are now a very important part of our system of economics, for in some of the new streets they are more numerous than private residences, or tenements of the kind that formerly was in vogue.
The architect who undertakes to construct a house that is to he heated by steam is groping in the dark unless he knows how large a chimney is required. It is as necessary that the architect should know what is needed to make the steam-heating apparatus serviceable as it is that he should know how sewer gas is to be kept out of the house. No one would-contend that at this day an architect could shelter himself behind the plumber, and excuse his ignorancé of the ordinary appliances for sanitary ventilation by saying that he was not an expert in the trade of plumbing. He is an expert in carpentry, in cement, in mortar, in the strength of materials, in the aft of constructing the walls, the floors, the stair-cases, the roofs, and is in duty bound to possess reasonable skill and knowledge as to all these, things, and -when in the pr'ogess of civilization, new conveniences are introduced into our homes, and become, not curious novelties, but the customary means of securing the comfort of .the unpretentious citizen, why should not the architect be expected to possess the technical learning respecting them that is exacted .of him with respect to other and older branches of his professional .studies?
It is not asking too much of the man wfho assumes that hie is competent to build a house at a cost of more than $100,000, and to arrange that .it shall be heated by steam, to insist that he shall know how to proportion his chimney to the boiler. It is not enough for him to say, " I asked the steam-fitter," and then throw the consequences of any error that may be made, upon the employer who engages him relying upon his skill.
Responsibility cannot be shifted in that -way. In the casé of Moneypenny v. Hartland (twice reported, once in 1 C. & P., 352, and then in 2 C. & P., 378), it was held that if a surveyor be employed to erect a bridge, and from the approaches to it, he is bound to ascertain for himself, by experiments, the nature of the soil, even although a person previously employed for that purpose by his employer, has made such experiments, and Iras given him the result, at his employer's request; and if the surveyor makes a low estimate, and thereby induces persons to subscribe for the execution of the work, who would otherwise have declined it; and it turns out that, owing to his negligence and want of skill, such estimate is grossly incorrect, and that the work can be done, but at a much greater expense, he is not entitled to recover for his services.
I am of opinion that the defendant should be allowed to deduct from the plaintiff's demand against him the cost of correcting the defects in the chimney, $1,000.
I have read the appeal book through with care, but I find nothing that warrants us in allowing a greater deduction from the judgment. I do not mean to say that the defendant has no other causes of complaint, but merely that the testimony is such that we cannot hold that the referee was not justified in deciding those matters in the plaintiff's favor. Westerlo v. De Witt, 36 N. Y., 340.
The judgment should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event unless the plaintiffs consent that the judgment be modified by deducting therefrom $1,000, in which event the judgment will be affirmed, as modified, without costs of appeal.
Larremore, Ch. J., concurs.