Case Name: Ronnie Wayne CANNON, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1984-09-13
Citations: 456 So. 2d 513
Docket Number: No. 83-24
Parties: Ronnie Wayne CANNON, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
Judges: FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., J., concurs.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 456
Pages: 513–517

Head Matter:
Ronnie Wayne CANNON, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
No. 83-24.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District.
Sept. 13, 1984.
James B. Gibson, Public Defender, and David A. Henson, Asst. Public Defender, Daytona Beach, for appellant.
Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, and Margene A. Roper, Asst. Atty. Gen., Day-tona Beach, for appellee.

Opinion:
ORFINGER, Judge.
Cannon was charged with two counts of armed robbery (Counts I and II); one count of attempted first degree murder (Count III); and one count of aggravated assault (Count IV). He was convicted as charged on Counts I and II (armed robbery) and on Count IV (aggravated assault), and was convicted of attempted aggravated assault on Count III, the attempted murder charge. He appeals his convictions and sentences.
The trial judge imposed fifteen and ten year sentences, respectively, for the armed robbery counts, and consecutive three year mandatory minimum sentences for possession of a firearm for each of the two robbery counts. Cannon argues that the consecutive imposition of the three year mandatory minimum sentence was erroneous. We agree in this case, because the two armed robberies occurred during the same criminal episode. Palmer v. State, 438 So.2d 1 (Fla.1983). The trial judge did not have the benefit of that case at the time of sentencing, however, and so we vacate the robbery sentences and remand for resentencing in light of Palmer.
Cannon also argues that his conviction for aggravated assault (Count IV) should be reversed and a new trial held because the trial judge refused to instruct the jury on simple assault. Cannon was charged in the information with assault on one Eric Olsen with a deadly weapon,
not having any intent to kill, and in the commission of said offense did use and possess a firearm to wit: a revolver.
Because simple assault is listed as a Category I, or a necessarily included offense of aggravated assault in the schedule of lesser included offenses in the Florida Standard Jury Instructions, Cannon urges that it was prejudicial error not to give his requested instruction on simple assault, relying on State v. Abreau, 363 So.2d 1063 (Fla.1978); Lomax v. State, 345 So.2d 719 (Fla.1977), and Brown v. State, 206 So.2d 377 (Fla.1968). The judge instructed the jury on attempted aggravated assault, but attempts do not provide a "step" between the greater offense charged and the next lesser one. State v. Bruns, 429 So.2d 307 (Fla.1983).
As a necessarily lesser included offense, the crime of simple assault is one step removed from the greater crime of aggravated assault. Our supreme court has de-dared it to be reversible error for a trial court to refuse to instruct on a lesser included offense one step removed from the crime for which a defendant is convicted. Such instruction is required, so that
. the jury is given a fair opportunity to exercise its "pardon" power by returning a verdict of guilty as to the next lower crime.
State v. Abreau, 363 So.2d 1063. The necessity for giving instructions on necessarily lesser included offenses so as to afford the jury the opportunity to exercise its pardon power has been asserted by the supreme court as recently as State v. Baker, 456 So.2d 419 (Fla.1984).
Admittedly, simple assault is a necessarily lesser included offense of aggravated assault. The supreme court has held that the giving of the "attempt" instruction does not satisfy the requirement to charge on the next lower lesser included offense. State v. Bruns, 429 So.2d 307 (Fla.1983). The question then is whether revised Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.510 dispenses with the need to instruct on a necessarily lesser included offense, because, as the dissenting opinion suggests, there appears to be no evidence that the lesser offense was committed. There is nothing in the rule or in the opinion of the supreme court adopting the rule which suggests the view offered by the dissent.
A necessarily lesser included offense is always proved when the higher offense is proved. Put another way, it is necessary to prove the lesser in order to prove the greater. Brown v. State, 206 So.2d 377 (Fla.1968). Thus by definition, there is always evidence of this lesser offense when there is evidence to support the greater. We so held in Foster v. State, 448 So.2d 1239 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984), where we reversed a conviction for aggravated battery because of the trial court's refusal to instruct on the necessarily lesser included (one step removed) crime of battery.
In adopting the new schedule of lesser included offenses, the supreme court commented on revised rule 3.510, and indicated that the revised rule would "eliminate the need to give a requested lesser offense, not necessarily included in the charged offense, when there is a total lack of evidence of the lesser offense." In the Matter of The Use of Standard Jury Instructions, 431 So.2d 594, 597 (Fla.1981) (Emphasis supplied). This view is correctly recognized in Wheat v. State, 433 So.2d 1290 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), where the court observed that
. in any case in which there is sufficient proof of the greater offense to go to the jury there is inescapably proof of a lesser offense which is necessarily included within the offense charged.
Id. at 1291. This principle is also recognized in Gillespie v. State, 440 So.2d 8 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983) where the court interpreted revised rule 3.510 to not require instruction on a lesser included offense "that is not a necessarily lesser included offense of the crime charged." Id. at 10. But cf, Watson v. State, 439 So.2d 1050 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983).
Because the trial court refused to instruct on a necessarily lesser included offense one step removed from the crime for which defendant was convicted (Count IV, aggravated assault) that conviction is reversed and is remanded for a new trial. Except as to the sentences on the robbery counts for which remand has been ordered, the remaining convictions and sentences are affirmed.
AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED.
FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., J., concurs.
SHARP, J., dissents in part and concurs in part with opinion.
. § 812.13(1), (2)(a), Fla.Stat. (1983).
. § 782.04 and 777.04, Fla.Stat. (1983).
. §784.021, Fla.Stat. (1983).
. § 775.087(2), Fla.Stat. (1983).
. § 784.011, Fla.Stat. (1983).
. The Supreme Court Committee on Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases, Florida Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases, (1981 ed.); see In Re the Use of Florida Standard Jury Instructions In Criminal Cases, 431 So.2d 594 (Fla.1981).
. Section 784.011 defines "assault" as an:
. intentional, unlawful threat by word or act to do violence to the person of another, coupled with an apparent ability to do so, and doing some act which creates a well-founded fear in such other person that such violence is imminent.
Section 784.021 defines aggravated assault as: (1) . an assault:
(a) with a deadly weapon without intent to kill; or
(b) with an intent to commit a felony. (Emphasis supplied).
Thus by definition, there must be an assault in order for there to be an aggravated assault.
.Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.510 provides as follows:
Upon an indictment or information upon which the defendant is to be tried for any offense the jury may convict the defendant of:
(a) an attempt to commit such offense if such attempt is an offense and is supported by the evidence. The judge shall not instruct the jury if there is no evidence to support such attempt and the only evidence proves a completed offense.
(b) any offense which as a matter of law is a necessarily included offense or a lesser included offense of the offense charged in the indictment or information and is supported by the evidence. The judge shall not instruct on any lesser included offense as to which there is no evidence, (emphasis supplied)