Case Name: Smith A. Brooker et al., App'lts v. John Filkins, Resp't
Court: New York Court of Common Pleas
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1894-06-04
Citations: 59 N.Y. St. Rep. 735
Docket Number: 
Parties: Smith A. Brooker et al., App’lts v. John Filkins, Resp’t.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 59
Pages: 735–738

Head Matter:
Smith A. Brooker et al., App’lts v. John Filkins, Resp’t.
(New York Common Pleas, General Term,
Filed June 4, 1894.)
1. Appeal—Direction op verdict.
In the absence of a motion for the direction of a verdict by the plaintiff, at any time during the progress of the action, a judgment of a tirmance of the general term of the city court is conclusive upon the common' pleas as to the weight of evidence, the submission of the evidence to the jury and as to whether or not there was any evidence to support defendant’s recovery.
2. Evidence—Memorandum.
Only that part of a memorandum which has been identified as correct is to be received in evidence.
3. Trial—Charge.
It is not strictly accurate for the court to charge that the jury must believe a witness who is corroborated.
4. Same.
It is grossly improper for counsel to allude to matter outside-of the record in summing up to the jury or in improperly attempting to influence their verdict hy dwelling upon the legal Consequences of it, or in any other way attempting improperly to influence them.
Appeal from a judgment of the general term of the city court of New York affirming a judgment entered on the verdict of a jury at trial term, and from an order of that general term affirming an order denying a motion for a new trial.
Fdward Uassett, for app’lts; Abner C. Thomas, for resp’t.
Affirming 55 St. Rep. 167.

Opinion:
Bookstayer, P.
The complaint alleged that between April 1, 1889 and December 16, 1889, the defendant, as agent for the plaintiffs, collected of different parties in the city of Mew York certain sums aggregating $206.20 and converted the same to his own use. The answer of the defendant d,cnied this allegation and set up a counterclaim, for services rendered. Mo certificate is contained in the case to the effect that all of the evidence given upon the trial is included therein, and the record shows upon its face that documentary evidence apparently of importance has been omitted. No motion was made for the direction of a verdict by the plaintiff at any time during the progress of the action ; therefore, the judgment of affirmance of the general term of the city court is conclusive upon us, both as to the weight of evidence, the submission of the evidence to the jury and, also, as to whether- or not there was any evidence to support defendant's recovery; Paige v. Chedsey, 4 Misc. 183 ; 53 St. Rep. 190; Rowe v. Comley, 11 Daly, 318 ; Smith v. Pryor, 16 Id. 169 ; 30 St. Rep. 553 ; Arnstein v. Haulenbeek, 16 Daly, 382; 34 St. Rep. 297; Barrett v. Third Ave. R. R. Co., 45 N. Y. 628; Schwinger, v. Raymond, 105 N. Y. 648; 7 St. Rep. 544. The order of the general term of the city court denying plaintiffs' motion for a new trial is not reviewable here. Nor is any other matter which rested in the discretion of the court of original jurisdiction. § 3191, Code Civ. Pro.; Pharo v. Beadleston, 2 Misc. 424; 50 St. Rep. 609 ; Smith v. Pryor, supra; Wilmore v. Flack, 96 N. Y. 512; Schwinger v. Raymond, supra. We can, therefore, only review questions of law appearing upon the record, and the only ones presented to us upon the argument of this appeal or by appellant's brief are the exceptions, first, to the admission of a paper concerning which Lahey, one of the plaintiffs, testified that " This first page of this document records the amount of wages earned and the sums of money paid to Mr. Filkins. This memorandum was made by me from the book." Its introduction was objected to unless the other side of the paper was offered; but the witness, on being questioned as to the writing on the other side, stated: " I can't say it is Mr. Brooker's memorandum." And the court, very properly, directed only that part which had been identified as correct, to be received in evidence. The second exception was to a question as leading; but this was a matter in the discretion of the court below and will not be reviewed by us. An exception was taken to a portion of the charge made in response to a request of defendant's counsel. This request must be taken in connection with what followed, and, altogether, amounts to this: "An admission of the defendant that he had collected money, is sufficient to prove that fact; but if you believe the defendant that he admitted that he received the moneys, but at the same time de-dared that he paid them over to the plaintiffs, this is not evidence of a conversion; " and was obviously correct for' it is not claimed that there was any evidence of the conversion outside of the defendant's own alleged admissions. The counsel for appellant claimed that the court erred in that part of its charge to the jury, which is as follows: " So that the question in the case is one of credibility, whether you will believe the plaintiffs, Mr. Brooker and Mr. Lahey, and their employee, Mr. Nilón, or whether you will believe the defendant. So far as the parties are concerned you have a right to believe or disbelieve them. So far as witnesses, other than parties, are concerned, you have no right to disbelieve them if corroborated. Mr. Brooker and Mr. Lahey are parties and Mr. Filkins is a party, and you have a right to disbelieve them if you see fit, but you have no right to disbelieve Mr. Nilón if you find that he has been corroborated." In the first place no exception was taken to this portion of the charge upon the trial, and even if there had been, it was at least as favorable to the appellants as they could have asked. If any one had a right to complain of it it was the respondent, for it is not strictly accurate to say that the jury must believe a witness who is corroborated, and in telling the jury that they have " no right to disbelieve Mr. Nilón if you find that he has been corroborated," the court laid down a rule to which the respondent might properly have objected, but not the appellants, since Nilón was their witness. Appellants' counsel has prepared and presented to us on this appeal an elaborate brief claiming that defendant's counsel committed error in summing up to the jury; but he did not at the trial call the court's .attention to it nor take any exception to the summing up, nor did he make a motion for a new trial upon that ground, nor does the language of thexcounsel any where appear in the record. The only reference to the impropriety of the remarks is in the charge of the trial judge in relation thereto, to the effect that " It is true, as counsel has stated, although it should not have been mentioned to the jury, that the effect of your verdict may be to consign this defendant to jail, .this being an action sounding in tort, but that is something with which you have nothing to do. You have nothing to do with sympathy; you are not responsible for the effect of your verdict. Your duty is to decide the case fairly between the plaintiffs and the defendant;'' which instruction was 'doubtless followed by the jury, for on rendering their verdict the foreman in answer to-the following by the court, "I instructed you gentlemen, that unless you believed the testimony of the plaintiffs' witnesses, that the defendant admitted taking the money, there was no proof to sustain the plaintiffs' case, and in that case the defendant was entitled to recover his counterclaim," said, "We discussed that question and came to the conclusion that they should have had something to show that the money had been received, and as there was nothing but the testimony we had, and that was the only thing to guide us, we weighed the matter thoroughly and concluded that the defendant was not guilty of taking the money." We quite agree with appellants' counsel in the gross impropriety of alluding to matter outside of 'the record in summing up to the jury or in improperly attempting to influence their verdict by dwelling upon the legal consequences of it or in any other way attempting improperly to influence them, and when a proper case is presented to us upon that question will have no hesitation in reversing a judgment on any of these grounds. But such a case is not presented by the record before us.
The judgment must therefore be affirmed, withcos''«. Bischoff and Pryor, JJ., concur.