Case Name: Carney vs. Doyle
Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Wisconsin
Decision Date: 1861-11-02
Citations: 14 Wis. 270
Docket Number: 
Parties: Carney vs. Doyle.
Judges: 
Reporter: Wisconsin Reports
Volume: 14
Pages: 270–272

Head Matter:
Carney vs. Doyle.
In an action before a justice of the peace for the recovery of personal property it is not necessary for the plaintiff to prove the averment in his affidavit, that the property “had not been taken by virtue of any tax, &c., nor seized under any execution,” &c., although the affidavit in such a case constitutes the complaint.
where, in such an action, the affidavit of the plaintiff’ stated the value of the property to be $14, and there was no finding as to its value by the justice of the peace, the case, on appeal, should be heard by the court on the original papers and the return of the justice, and should not be tried de novo.
Where, in such an action, the value of the property in controversy was less than $15, and the justice, without any finding of facts, ordered the property to be delivered to the plaintiff, and that the defendant pay the costs, the county court, on appeal, could not disregard the absence of any finding, as a mere technical defect, under sec. 218, chap. 120, R. S., but was bound to reverse the judgment.
APPEAL from tbe County Court of Milwaukee County.
J. L. Dordn, for appellant.
Henry F. Prentiss, for respondent.
November 2.

Opinion:
By the Court,
Paine, J.
This action was brought before a justice of the peace to recover possession of some hogs. After the trial the justice decided that the hogs should be delivered to the plaintiff, and the defendant should pay the costs. The defendant appealed to the county court, and it appears to have been submitted to the judge, by consent, upon the papers returned by the justice. Some question was made upon the argument as to whether the statement in the record that this was done by consent, was true or not. But we think even if there had been no consent, that the case was properly one to be submitted to the court on the return of the justice. There was no finding as to the value, but the plaintiff in the affidavit swore that the value of the hogs was fourteen dollars, and this certainly, in the absence of any finding of a greater value, should conclude the plaintiff. The value therefore being less than fifteen dollars, there could be no trial de novo in the county court.
That court reversed the judgment of the justice, and the question here is, Was it properly reversed? The counsel for the respondent contends that it was, because the plaintiff offered no proof before the justice Sustaining the averments in bis affidavit, that the hogs had not been taken for any tax. or by any execution or attachment against him, &c. It was said that these were material averments in the complaint, and being necessary to be made, they were equally necessary to be proved. But we think this conclusion results only from a misapplication of the familiar rule that it is necessary for a plaintiff to prove all the material averments of Ms complaint, to the peculiar complaint which is allowed in actions of this character before a justice. That rule undoubtedly prevails in all cases where the complaint is a pleading merely. But the complaint in these cases is something more. It is an affidavit stating certain facts which the law requires the party to state oh oath before the writ can issue. Among these he must state that the' property he seeks to recover had not been taken for any tax or by any execution or attachment against him. The object of the statute in requiring this, was to prevent parties who knew their property had been thus taken, from replevying it. Hence they are required to make oath that it had not been so taken, before they can obtain the writ. When that is done, the object is accomplished. And it clearly never could have been intended to throw upon the plaintiff in such a case the burden of proving a negative on the trial, or of disproving any justification for the taking of his property. It is true that section 141, chap. 120, provides that the affidavit required to be made shall be deemed the complaint. But this was probably done as a matter of convenience, inasmuch as the affidavit contains all the averments which it would be necessary or proper to make in a complaint as a pleading merely. And it does not warrant the inference that it was intended to throw upon the plaintiff the burden of proving the negative averment which he is required to make in the affidavit. The absence of this proof was no ground, therefore, for reversing the judgment of the justice.
But it was properly reversed for the reason that there was no finding to sustain it. The justice found nothing at all, but simply ordered that the property be delivered to the plaintiff, and that the defendant pay the costs. It is as it would bave been if tbe case bad been tried before a jury, they bad found no verdict. It is clear tbat tbe judgment could not be sustained unless tbe county court in reviewing-it bad power to supply tbe defect — to ñnd tbe facts from tbe evidence returned, and tben render sucb judgment as tbat finding required. Had tbe court sucb power ? Sec. 218, cbap. 120, provides tbat tbe court " may affirm or reverse tbe judgment of tbe court below in whole or in part" for "errors of law or factalso tbat it shall " give judgment according to tbe justice of tbe case, without regard to technical errors or defects which do not affect the merits." But we think there is nothing in these provisions that would authorize the county court to supply the- defect of a finding, or to disregard it as a technical defect merely. In Dykens vs. Munson, 2 Wis., 245, under a statute which authorized tbe county court not only to affirm or reverse in whole or in part, but also to " make sucb final order or judgment as it should deem proper in furtherance of justice," this court held tbat tbe county court was limited to a mere affirmance or reversal in whole or in part If tbat conclusion was correct under that statute, is is certainly so under the one now in force, which contains no sucb provision. It is true tbat in reviewing sucb cases tbe county court may review both fact and- law, and in doing so is to disregard technical defects; but the absence of any finding upon the issues cannot be so considered. In sucb case there would seem to be no alternative but a reversal.
The judgment of tbe county court is affirmed, with costs.