Case Name: The People of the State of New York ex rel. The Third Avenue Railroad Company, Respondent, Appellant, v. The State Board of Tax Commissioners, Appellant, Respondent. (Assessment of 1901.) The City of New York, Intervenor, Appellant, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1909-12-30
Citations: 136 A.D. 155
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People of the State of New York ex rel. The Third Avenue Railroad Company, Respondent, Appellant, v. The State Board of Tax Commissioners, Appellant, Respondent. (Assessment of 1901.) The City of New York, Intervenor, Appellant, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 136
Pages: 155–159

Head Matter:
The People of the State of New York ex rel. The Third Avenue Railroad Company, Respondent, Appellant, v. The State Board of Tax Commissioners, Appellant, Respondent. (Assessment of 1901.) The City of New York, Intervenor, Appellant, Respondent.
Third Department,
December 30, 1909.
Tax—franchise tax — valuation of indestructible tangible property — estoppel — property used for profit — deduction of amount of tax — expenditures for liability for injuries — fair return to public service corporation — replacement fund.
In assessing a franchise tax, the reproduction cost of tangible property which is practically indestructible and nearly new may he considered.
Where all parties to the assessment of a franchise tax requested findings based upon the theory that the reproduction cost of tangible property was to be considered, they are estopped from subsequently asserting that. the actual value should have been taken.
Evidence taken on the assessment of a franchise tax examined, and held, that a finding that certain real estate was used by the corporation to produce revenue was j ustified.
In determining the net earnings of a corporation for the assessment of a franchise tax the amount of a franchise tax paid should be deducted.
So too, moneys paid by a railroad on claims for personal injuries should be deducted from its earnings where there is no evidence that the injuries were caused by the use of defective machinery or incompetent servants or by other wrongful or negligent acts.
In assessing the franchise tax of a public service corporation the fair return to . which the company is entitled should be determined upon the actual money value of all its property, tangible and intangible. It should not be figured upon tangible property only.
Where the evidence of the corporation' does not show what would be a fair return upon the entire money value of all property used by it, the court is justified in fixing the rate at six per centum.
In assessing the franchise tax of a public service corporation it is entitled to. credit for a reasonable sum to be set aside each year for the final replacement of its equipment, outside of the cost of-annual maintenance and repairs!
Cross-appeals by the relator, The Third Avenue Railroad Company, and the defendant, State Board of Tax Commissioners, and by the City of New York, from a final order of the Supreme Court, made at the Albany Special Term and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Albany on the'4th day of November, 1908, modifying and confirming as modified the assessment of a special franchise tax against the relator’s property made by the State Board of Tax Commissioners.
Edward R. O'Malley, Attorney-General [ William N. Cohen and Arthur J. Cohen of counsel], for the State Board of Tax Commissioners.
Francis K. Pendleton, Corporation Counsel [David Rumsey and Curtis A. Peters of counsel], for the city of New York.
Cravath, Henderson & de Gersdorff and Joseph P. Cotton Jr. [ Walker R. Hines and Jarvis P. Carter oí counsel], for the relator.

Opinion:
Kellogg, J.:
It is assumed by the parties to the record that the net earnings rule defined in People ex rel. Jamaica Water Supply Co. v. Tax Commissioners (196 N. Y. 39; 128 App. Div. 13) is the proper method of valuing the relator's special franchise, but errors are alleged in the application thereof to the facts shown.
(1) It is urged that the actual value of the tangible property should have been considered, rather than its reproduction-cost. Some of the property was practically indestructible by use, and much of ifc was nearly new ; as to such properties the reproduction cost would fairly indicate its value. The record does not give facts sufficient to warrant a determination how much the other property had depreciated. All the parties submitted findings to the referee, and requested findings based upon the idea that the reproduction cost was the proper basis for consideration, and no other value of the property was deemed important by any one, and no other basis of valuation was presented. The trial having proceeded entirely on that theory, I think neither party is in a position to be heard against it.
(2) It is alleged that three pieces of real estate were not in active use and were not revenue producers at the time the original tax was stated. The findings of fact show that such real estate was used by the relator in the operation of its railway. A consideration of the several properties, the purposes for which they were acquired, their use immediately before, at the time and after the tax was stated, fairly justify the findings.
(3) It is urged that the franchise tax was erroneously deducted from the earnings in determining the net earnings. Such deduction was not improper. (See Jamaica Water Supply Co. Case, supra.) Upon a motion for a reargument of that case (197 N. Y. 33), .the Court of Appeals has determined that a franchise tax paid may be deducted from the earnings.
(4) An item " Injuries & damages $31,013.68 " was included in the expenses and deducted from the earnings, and it is claimed that such payments, must have arisen from the wrongful acts of the relator and its servants and that," therefore, it is against public policy to allow the same. It does not appear that these moneys were paid on account of any wrongful act of any officer or employee of the company. A company operating a railroad, under the most careful management, must have many claims against it for injuries and damages. They are necessary incidents to operating the road. There is no evidence that these moneys were paid on account of the company's employing defective machinery or incompetent servants, or for its other wrongful or negligent acts. The payments for such purposes, except where facts shown require otherwise, are properly treated as ordinary disbursements incident to the business. This item is not shown to be extraordinary.
(5) The contention that the Special Term, as matter of law and not of fact, determined that the relator was entitled to a return upon its tangible property of six per cent, rather than five per centj as found by the referee, is not sustained by the record. In the Jamaica Water Supply Co. case it' was held by the Court of Appeals and by this court that in the absence of satisfactory evidence to the contrary six per .centum may properly be deemed a fair return on the property of a public service corporation. The relator's evidence favors a six per cent return. The evidence of the defendant, introduced to establish a different rate, refers to. a return upon the tangible property only. That does not meet the point under consideration. The question is not what return should be made upon the real estate or the actual tangible property, but what return should be made upon the investment represented by all of the property, tangible and intangible — that is, upon the actual money value engaged in the business. As stated by this court in the Jamaica Water Supply Co. casé, we cannot assume that the intangible part of the relator's property earns any greater per cent of .return than its tangible property. The return comes from the combined use of both. We are, therefore, to allow' a. .fair return upon the value of the entire property, considering the risks and all the circumstances surrounding the business; we are then to deduct from the net earnings an amount which the tangible property earns, based Upon a per cent .which is deemed a fair return upon an investment in such a street railway enterprise, and then are to capitalize the remaining net earnings at the same rate in order to determine the actual value of the remainder of the property, that is, the intangible part of the special franchise. The evidence of the defendants, therefore, gives us no real light as to what would be a fair'return upon the entire money value of all the property employed in the enterprise. The court was justified in fixing sjx per centum as a fair return upon the investment.'
(6) The Jamaica Water Supply Co. case establishes that a public service corporation, with reference to its. property which will become worthless by use and must be replaced, is entitled to set aside each year from its earnings a reasonable sum to provide for its replacement. This is outside of the ordinary' annual expenses for maintenance, renewals and repairs. The relator actually expended $260,097.36 for maintenance, renewals and repairs, and was allowed in addition-$200,000 to create a fund for the replacement of physical property which would be destroyed by use and must eventually be replaced. The defendants had access to the relator's books and accounts, and if the expenditures actually made covered the same items which would naturally be provided for in the replacement fund allowed, they had the opportunity to show the fact. The annual ordinary expenditures for repairs, replacements and renewals upon such a property cannot be assumed to make it unnecessary to provide a fund which will replace its engines, electrical equipment and other physical property which at some time must be replaced. The evidence justified the court in determining that in addition to the $260,097.36 actually expended during the year for ordinary repairs and maintenance of the property, $200,000 more would be required from the earnings of the year -to replace property whiclr in time, notwithstanding ordinary repairs, would become useless and must be replaced. Much of the relator's property was comparatively new; some of it was practically indestructible. It is but fair that the years in which there is little or no call for the replacement of property used, should contribute to a fund so that the year in which the property fails shall not be charged-with its entire replacement. We cannot say frotii the record that $460,097.36 is too large a sum to meet the ordinary annual maintenance, renewal and repairs and to provide such replacement fund.
A careful consideration has been given to all the evidence and to the objections urged against the order and no prejudicial error is found therein.
The appeal by the relator brings up for review some alleged errors in computations made by the referee which in the view we take of the case could not substantially change the result. The computations by the referee may not have been exact upon either side, but in their entirety bring no substantial prejudice to either party.
Considering the manner in which the case was submitted to the referee and the Special Term and the questions there presented for decision, we find no error to the substantial prejudice of either party. The determination should^ therefore, be confirmed.
Determination unanimously confirmed, without- costs.