Case Name: Jay D. Bowen, as Guardian, etc., Resp't, v. New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, App'lt
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1895-10-16
Citations: 70 N.Y. St. Rep. 144
Docket Number: 
Parties: Jay D. Bowen, as Guardian, etc., Resp’t, v. New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, App’lt.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 70
Pages: 144–146

Head Matter:
Jay D. Bowen, as Guardian, etc., Resp’t, v. New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, App’lt.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,
Filed October 16, 1895.)
1. Negligence—Railroad crossing.
The care ordinarily essential to reasonable precaution, which requires the traveler at a crossing to look both ways before proceeding to cross the track, is not necessarily applicable where there is no reasonable ground to apprqkend danger from detached cars, which are following in the rear of a train that has just passed.
3. Evidence—Opinion.
In an action for personal injuries, it is competent to prove that certain conditions of physical impairment are the consequences which may be attributable to the injury, and the fact that such conditions have been the result, relieves the medical opinion from any imputation that it was merely speculative.
Appeal from a judgment, entered on a verdict for plaintiff, and from an order denying a motion for a new trial, made on a ease and exceptions.
Charles A. Poóley, for app’lt; S. E. Eilldns, for resp’t.

Opinion:
Bradley, J.
There is substantially no conflict in the evidence of. the circumstances under which the plaintiff's injury was occasioned. He was in the highway, going north, and as he came to the track of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, a single-track road, which crossed the highway at right angles, he saw a freight train approaching from the east, and waited for it to pass; and when what he supposed was the rear car had passed, he stepped onto the track, and was struck by a detached car, which was following at a short distance in the rear of those connected with the engine. This car had been detached while the cars were in motion, so that by its momentum it might pass into &. switch on the north side of the track, and 110J feet west from the center of the highway. The speed of the train at the time the car was detached by pulling out the pin connecting it with the car ahead of it was variously estimated as at the rate of from four to fifteen miles per hour, and the distance between the detached car and the rear one connected with the engine, as represented by the evidence, was from ten to sixty feet. The alleged negligence of the defendant is in the fact that the running switch was made across the highway. This crossing is near the depot of the station known as Millers. It is not a populous village, and therefore the method of moving a detached car across this highway into the switch may not necessarily be negligence per se, as it has been held to be in making a running switch at the intersection of a railroad and a public street in such a village. Brown v. Railroad Co., 32 N. Y. 597. The defendant gave evidence to prove that the manner it was done at the time in question was not what is termed a "running" or "flying" switch, because the train was stopped some distance east of the highway for the purpose of having the movement of the detached car slower than it otherwise would be at the crossing, and (as the defendant's witness terms it) thus "dropping" it into the switch. But the question of the negligence of the defendant was properly .submitted to the jury. There was no one at the crossing, nor signal in any manner given, to warn persons in the highway that a car detached from the train was following it. The bralceman upon the car was upon the rear end of it, and so situated that lie did not see the plaintiff as he proceeded to go upon the track. These circumstances permitted the imputation of want of due care on the part of the defendant. It would more palpably have been negligence if the occurrence had been in the night time. Railroad Co. v. Converse, 139 U. S. 469. But it was at midday, and the plaintiff would have seen the approaching car if he had looked to the east. He did not do so. This fact gives much force to the charge of his contributory negligence, and must defeat his recovery, unless the circumstances were such as to permit the conclusion that such omission on his part was excused. The plaintiff was not aware of this method of running cars into the switch at that station. His attention was -diverted by salutation from the fireman in the cab of the engine, which salutation he returned, and he continued looking in the -direction the engine was moving until he observed the passage of the rear car of those attached to the engine-; then, proceeding to cross the track, he was struck by the detached car. The plaintiff had reason to suppose that the end of the train had passed when he attempted to cross over, and it cannot, as a matter of law, be assumed that he had reason to apprehend that a disconnected car may have been following those drawn by the engine, or that .another train would so soon succeed that which had passed the place where he stood. The care ordinarily essential to reasonable precaution which requires the traveler at a crossing to look both ways before proceeding to cross a railroad track was not, in view of the circumstances, necessarily applicable to the present case, for the reason that there was no reasonable ground to apprehend danger when he saw the train pass, and stepped onto the track in the rear of it to go forward. French v. Railroad Co., 116 Mass. 537; Brown v. Railroad Co., 32 N. Y. 597, 601; Duame v. Railway Co., 72 Wis. 523; 40 N. W. 394. In delivering the opinion in Brown v. Railroad Co., Judge Davis made the remark, somewhat applicable to the situation in the present case, that, " it is asking too much to say that it was negligence as matter of law not to have anticipated that detached cars were following in the Tear of the train that had passed." The fact that the plaintiff may have seen the approaching car if his attention had not been attracted to the fireman by their exchange of salutations does not aid the defense. This continued diversion of his attention until he proceeded to cross the track did not necessarily evince a want -of due care in view of the fact that it was not within his reasonable apprehension that a disconnected car would follow the passing train. In Woodward v. Railroad Co., 106 N. Y. 369 ; 11 St. Rep. 169, the plaintiff's intestate was familiar with the fact that the company was in the habit of shunting or kicking cars down the switch over the crossing on which he received his fatal injury, and it was held that his failure to avoid the accident was attributable to his want of due care. That case has not, necessarily, any application to the present one upon the question of contributory negligence, which question, we think, in this case was one of fact, and properly submitted to the jury.
A physician and surgeon, called as a witness for the plaintiff, having testified that he attended the plaintiff, dressed his wounds, etc., shortly after the injury in October, 1893, made an examination of him in April following, and had recently, in September, 1894, examined him, proceeded to state the plaintiff's condition, and gave evidence tending to prove that the impaired physical condition and deformity of some of the members of his body were attributable to the injury in question. The defendant's counsel took exception to the reception of this' evidence as speculative. The plaintiff, at the time of the accident, was séventeen years of age, in vigorous health, and good physical condition. His injury was apparently severe. It was followed with certain conditions of physical impairment. It was competent to prove that they are consequences which may be attributable to the injury, and, in view of the fact that such conditions have been the result, relieves the medical opinion from any imputation that it was speculative. There was no error in the reception of the evidence. Griswold v. Railroad Co., 44 Hun, 236; 7 St. Rep. 804; Id., 115 N. Y. 61; 23 St. Rep. 729.
The verdict for $8,000 was quite large,' but, in view of the evidence relating to the injury and its consequences, it cannot be said to be so large as to justify the conclusion that the jury were influenced by prejudice or passion in reaching the result. The view taken is that the verdict is supported by the evidence, and that there was no error in the rulings at the trial.
The judgment and order should be affirmed.
All concur.