Case Name: Hiday and Others v. Gilmore
Court: Supreme Court of Indiana
Jurisdiction: Indiana
Decision Date: 1832-05-31
Citations: 3 Blackf. 48
Docket Number: 
Parties: Hiday and Others v. Gilmore.
Judges: 
Reporter: Blackford
Volume: 3
Pages: 48–50

Head Matter:
Hiday and Others v. Gilmore.
A person being imprisoned by virtue of a mittimus issued by a justice of the peace, which did not show the cause of commitment, brought an action of trespass against the justice, the constable who executed the mittimus, and the persons who assisted the constable. Held, that the mittimus was no justification for the defendants.
In an action of trespass in the Circuit Court, in which the damages claimed exceed 20 dollars, the defendant, if found guilty, is subject to costs, though the damages assessed be less than 20 dollars.
Trespass for an assault, &c. against four persons. Two were found guilty, and two were acquitted. Held, that the defendants acquitted were entitled to costs. Held, also, that under the statute law, a defendant is entitled to costs in all '•ases in which he obtains a verdict.
ERROR to the Madison Circuit Court. The plaintiff below claimed in this action 500 dollars in damages.

Opinion:
Bla.ckj?orb, J.
Gilmore, brought an action of trespass for an assault and battery and false imprisonment, against Hiday, Chodrick, Cotterill, and Doty.
- Th- defendants jointly pleaded two pleas in justification. The first plea is, in substance, that the plaintiff having been fined by Hiday, a justice of the peace, for an assault and battery, and having refused to pay or replevy the fine, the justice issued a mittimus, by virtue of which Chodrick as constable, and Cotterill and Doty by his command, took the plaintiff, &c. The second plea is the same with the first, except that the fine is alleged to have been for profane swearing.
The plaintiff replied to both pleas, that the defendants had committed the trespass of their own wrong, &c.
On the trial, the defendants offered in evidence a mittimus, stating that the plaintiff had been brought before the justice on a charge of profane swearing, and breaking the peace by an assault and battery on the body of Richard Kinman; that for want of security sufficient to defray the fine and costs, and for failing to enter into a recognizance, &c. the gaoler was commanded, &c. The plaintiff objected to this mittimus as evidence, and the Court sustained the objection.
On motion of the plaintiff, the Court instructed the jury that they must, under the state of the pleadings, find Hiday and Chodrick guilty. The jury found a verdict of guilty against Hiday and Chodrick, and assessed the damages at 5 dollars; and a verdict of not guilty as to Cotterill and Doty. A motion for costs in favour of all the defendants, was made and overruled; as was also a motion for costs in favour of Cotterill and Doty. A judgment was entered on the verdict against Hiday and Chodrick for the damages assessed and for costs.
We think the Court did right in refusing to admit the mittimus in evidence. It was too defective to authorise the imprisonment charged. It is essential to the validity of a mittimus that it set out the cause of commitment. 3 Bl. Com. 127. That is not done in this case. The pleas state, that the plaintiff being fined for profane swearing and for an assault and battery, and not paying or replevying the fines, the mittimus was issued against him. But the mittimus offered in evidence, does not show that any fine had been assessed against the plaintiff, and was consequently inadmissible under either of the pleas.
C. Fletcher, for the plaintiffs.
H. Brown and W. Quarles, for the defendant.
After the rejecting of the mittimus, the pleas in justification under it were left without any support; and, of course, the subsequent charge of the Court, that the justice and constable must be found guilty, was unobjectionable.' The plaintiff would have been entitled, had he asked it, to a similar charge as to the other defendants.
We consider the Court right, also, in refusing to give costs to Hiday and Chodrick, who were found guilty, though the damages assessed were less than 20 dollars. It is only where the damages claimed, in trespass, do not exceed 20 dollars, that the plaintiff suing in the Circuit Court, instead of before a justice, is subjected to costs. Rev. Code, 1824, p. 251 .
The two defendants, Cotterill and Doty, were acquitted by the jury, and were entitled to a judgment for their costs. It is true, that costs in such cases were not allowed in England until the statute of 8 & 9 Will. 3, which is not in force here. But, by a fair construction of our own statute law, a defendant must be considered entitled to costs in all cases in .which he obtains a verdict .
The judgment against Hiday and Chodrick is affirmed'; but the judgment refusing costs to Cotterill and Doty must be reversed.
Per Curiam.
The judgment on the verdict against Hiday and Chodrick is affirmed. The judgment refusing costs to Cotterill and Doty, on the verdict in their favour, is reversed. Cause remanded, &c.
Vide Rev. Code, 1831, p. 297.
White v. Loyd et al., May term 1834, post.