Case Name: Prechel and others, Appellants, v. City of Monroe and others, Respondents: Hare and others, Intervening Defendants and Respondents
Court: Wisconsin Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Wisconsin
Decision Date: 1968-10-04
Citations: 40 Wis. 2d 231
Docket Number: No. 92
Parties: Prechel and others, Appellants, v. City of Monroe and others, Respondents: Hare and others, Intervening Defendants and Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Wisconsin Reports Second
Volume: 40
Pages: 231–244

Head Matter:
Prechel and others, Appellants, v. City of Monroe and others, Respondents: Hare and others, Intervening Defendants and Respondents.
No. 92.
Argued September 5, 1968.
Decided October 4, 1968.
(Also reported in 161 N. W. 2d 373.)
For the appellants there was a brief by Campbell, Brennan, Steil & Ryan and David J. MacDougall, all of Janesville, and oral argument by Mr. MacDougall.
For the respondents there was a brief by William J. Schmitz, city attorney of Monroe, and for the inter-venors-respondents by Regez, Johnson & Callahan and Rudolph P. Regez, all of Monroe, and oral argument by Mr. Schmitz and Mr. Rudolph P. Regez.

Opinion:
Heffernan, J.
The appellants take the position that the legislative intent to permit a mandatory referendum is clear from the face of the statute. Admittedly, action of the Monroe city council was pursuant to sec. 66.48, Stats., the "Blighted Area Law." Sec. 66.43 (17) is the last subsection of that act. It provides:
"Liquidation And Disposal. Projects held under this section may be liquidated and disposed of under s. 66.40 (25)."
Sec. 66.40 (25), Stats., is captioned, "Liquidation And Disposal Of Housing Projects," and provides, in part:
"(a) In any city or village the city council or village board by resolution or ordinance, or the electors by referendum under s. 9.20 may provide that the authority shall liquidate and dispose of a particular project or projects held and operated under ss. 66.40 to 66.404 or 66.43."
Subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) provide for bid procedures to be used in selling the project and for the payment of debts.
Sec. 9.20, Stats., provides for direct legislation and outlines the procedures whereby the electors can circulate a petition demanding that the council either pass legislation requested or submit the legislation to the vote of the people. In the event electors approve of the ordinance or resolution, it becomes effective without the necessity of further council approval. In the instant case there is no question of the procedural adequacy of the initiative-referendum process used. The only question relates to whether, under the terms of secs. 66.43 (17) and 66.40 (25), the action of the electors in voting to discontinue the urban renewal project was mandatory on the council.
Appellants resort to the plain-meaning rule. West Allis v. Rainey (1967), 36 Wis. 2d 489, 495, 153 N. W. 2d 514; Telemark Co. v. Department of Taxation (1965), 28 Wis. 2d 637, 641, 137 N. W. 2d 407. They point out that sec. 66.43 (17), Stats., states that "Projects held under this section" (urban blight) may be liquidated as set forth in sec. 66.40 (25). The latter statute refers to and incorporates by reference sec. 66.43, the Blighted Area Law; and, hence, appellants contend that it is the plain meaning of the legislature that all projects under the act are included.
Respondents argue that only completed projects are referred to therein, but appellants also point out that the term, "projects," is explained by sec. 66.43, Stats., which defines a "redevelopment project" as:
". . . the preparation of a redevelopment plan, the planning, surveying, and other work incident to a redevelopment project, and the preparation of all plans and arrangements for carrying out a redevelopment project." (Emphasis supplied.)
They refer to sec. 66.40, Stats., et seq., wherein at 66.40 (3) (j), "The term 'housing project' may also be applied to the planning of buildings." (Emphasis supplied.)
These statutes, though referring to housing, they contend, are pari materia and serve to clarify the legislature's intention that a redevelopment or urban blight project, like a housing project, is a "project" even though only in the planning stage. Moreover, the only "project" referred to in sec. 66.43, Stats., is a redevelopment project.
On oral argument the respondents acknowledge that the legislature left some control in the hands of the electors, but contend that it failed to give sufficient control to halt a blight project at a point short of completion.
Two groups of respondents appeared, represented by separate counsel. While both agree that the trial judge's refusal to grant the mandatory injunction was proper, they bottom their cause on different and somewhat in-congruent arguments.
The city attorney has attempted to show that sec. 66.43 (17), Stats., was passed following the 1955 veto of Bill 593, A. That bill permitted a common council to eliminate an entire housing authority. The governor's veto message indicated that the power to terminate or eliminate was too broad and should be limited to the right to terminate particular projects, but not the entire authority.
Subsequent to this veto, ch. 682 of the Laws of 1955 was passed. This act was entitled, "An act to create 66.40 (25) and 66.43 (17) of the statutes, relating to liquidation and disposal of public housing projects."
Thus, the attorney for the respondent city argues that the word, "project," as referred to in sec. 66.43 (17), Stats., and sec. 66.40 (25) has nothing to do with the disposal, liquidation, or termination of an urban renewal or urban blight project — that the only purpose of the legislature was to liquidate particular housing projects. Under this view, insofar as urban blight is concerned, the statute is inapplicable and gives no authority whatsoever for a referendum, advisory or mandatory.
While the legislative history set forth by the city attorney gives weight to his argument, it fails to account for the fact that secs. 66.43, 66.43 (17), and 66.40 (25), Stats., are mutually incorporated by reference and the only "project" referred to in sec. 66.43 is the urban blight project. While the legislative history of an act is persuasive of the legislature's intent, and the caption of an act may be resorted to as an indication of that intent, yet these sources of information cannot prevail in the face of the clear language of a statute to the contrary. West Side Bank v. Marine Nat. Exchange Bank (1968), 37 Wis. 2d 661, 669, 670, 155 N. W. 2d 587; Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. v. Public Service Comm. (1960), 9 Wis. 2d 606, 618, 101 N. W. 2d 798. Here the incorporation by reference is a double one, and the section incorporated refers solely to blight. We thus are constrained to hold that the statute plainly on its face refers to, and authorizes, the liquidation of urban blight projects.
The attorney for the intervening defendants, certain taxpayers of Monroe and respondents herein, acknowledges the fact that such was the intent of the statute, but argues that only completed projects are authorized to be terminated by referendum, and that only completed projects are liquidable. We agree.
The statutes do not purport to apply to all projects under the Blighted Area Law. Rather, they apply in sec. 66.43 (17) to "Projects held," and in sec. 66.40 (25) to "projects held and operated under . . . 66.43." Moreover, sec. 66.40 (25) (b) to (g) clearly indicate that liquidation was contemplated only under circumstances where tangible assets had been acquired and required disposition by sale. These subsections deal with the conversion of these assets into cash or credits and provide for the payment of debts and the protection of bondholders. What is contemplated by the statutory scheme is entirely foreign to the problem that arises when an urban renewal project has reached only the planning stage.
We are obliged to give meaning to the words, "held," and "held and operated."
"It is an elementary rule of statutory construction that effect must be given if possible to every word, clause, and sentence thereof. State v. Columbian Nat. Life Ins. Co. (1910), 141 Wis. 557, 566, 124 N. W. 502." Northern Discount Co. v. Luebke (1959), 6 Wis. 2d 313, 316, 94 N. W. 2d 605; see also Greenebaum v. Department of Taxation (1957), 1 Wis. 2d 234, 83 N. W. 2d 682.
We cannot assume that they were meaningless words and were not intended to designate the stage a project must attain before it could be liquidated. Using the normal meaning of the words, they are not applicable to a blight project that was in the planning stage. No project was then "held"; certainly it was not "held and operated." At best the project was merely a programmed concept for future acquisition and holding, and eventual disposition.
This court in Landt v. Wisconsin Dells (1966), 30 Wis. 2d 470, 141 N. W. 2d 245, pointed out that the history of direct legislation indicates a legislative mandate to limit the right of referendum, i.e., the power of the electorate to repeal existing resolutions and ordinances, to those instances where there is an express grant of power to the electorate — a power that will not be broadened by implication. In the instant case the grant of the referendum power to the electorate is limited to those cases where the urban blight project is "held and operated." To extend the power to instances not expressly authorized by legislation is unwarranted.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.
Contrary to the unsupported assumption of the dissent that redevelopment projects are "created" only for liquidation, authorities are permitted by sec. 66.43 (3) (j) 2 "to retain such land for public use."
None of the parties to this appeal questioned the right of the common council to repeal its own ordinances or resolutions, and the power of a council or other governing boards to do so is not at issue in this case. The grant of power to a municipal governing board is constitutional as well as legislative, and is far broader than the right of referendum conferred in certain clearly defined instances upon the electorate.