Case Name: HARVEY C. HINES v. NORFOLK SOUTHERN RAILROAD COMPANY
Court: Supreme Court of North Carolina
Jurisdiction: North Carolina
Decision Date: 1911-10-11
Citations: 156 N.C. 222
Docket Number: 
Parties: HARVEY C. HINES v. NORFOLK SOUTHERN RAILROAD COMPANY.
Judges: 
Reporter: North Carolina Reports
Volume: 156
Pages: 222–228

Head Matter:
HARVEY C. HINES v. NORFOLK SOUTHERN RAILROAD COMPANY.
(Filed 11 October, 1911.)
1. Railroads — Crossings—“Look and Listen” — Injury After Crossing —Negligence—Contributory Negligence — Nonsuit.
When tbe negligence complained of in an action against a railroad company for injuring plaintiff’s horse and wagon after he had crossed the railroad track at a public crossing was that by keeping a proper lookout and in the exercise of reasonable care the defendant’s engineer could have avoided the injury, the fact that the plaintiff failed to “look and listen” for the approaching train before attempting to cross has no bearing upon the questions of either negligence or contributory negligence.
2. Railroads — ’Negligence — Evidence — Contributory Negligence — Nonsuit.
Under conflicting evidence, when there is a motion by defendant to nonsuit, the evidence will be considered in the view most favorable to plaintiff; and when it appears from the evidence of the latter that the injury complained of was caused by the backing of his horse, which had become frightened at the approaching train, and a consequent injury to the horse and the wagon hitched to him, by a collision with the defendant’s slowly moving train, and that by keeping a proper lookout and in the exercise of ordinary care the defendant’s engineer could have avoided the injury, the question raised is one for the jury, unless it appears that, as a matter of law, the plaintiff by his own negligence contributed to the injury complained of.
3. Railroads — Evidence—Contributory Negligence — Continuing Act ' —Nonsuit.
When there is evidence that the engineer on defendant’s train was negligent in not keeping a proper lookout or in the exercise of ordinary care, in consequence of which the plaintiff’s horse backed the wagon to which it was hitched upon defendant’s slowly moving train, to plaintiff’s damage, it would bar the plaintiff’s right to recover if shown that, after the horse began to back, the driver was negligent, and this negligence continued to the time of the injury, under the surrounding circumstances and conditions.
Appeal by plaintiff from Peebles, J., at March Term, 1911, of LENOIR.
This action is to recover damages for injury to the horse and wagon of the plaintiff.
The plaintiff alleges that the injury occurred on 16 December, 1909, and was caused by the negligence of the defendant, which is. denied.
The wagon was loaded with apples, and the injury occurred about 8 o’clock a. m., at the first crossing after leaving the depot at Kinston.
There is evidence that the driver did not look and listen before entering upon the track, and that he saw the train of the defendant as he reached the track.
It is admitted that the horse and wagon crossed the track of the defendant in safety, and had reached a point twenty-five or twenty-eight yards beyond the track, at the time the train of defendant, about seventy-five yards distant, was approaching the crossing. The horse then began backing, and, according to the evidence of the plaintiff, did not stop until the wagon collided with the engine.
There is some evidence of obstructions to the view near the track, but there is also evidence that the horse was in full view of the engine, and the engineer admitted that he saw the horse backing when he was within forty or fifty feet of the crossing. There is also evidence that the train was running about four or five miles an hour, and could have been stopped in eight feet, and that the engineer called to the driver of the wagon and told him to stop backing his horse into the train.
The driver gives the following account of the occurrence:
Q. What took place when you came to the track ? A. I done crossed the track; the train bell was ringing and my horse looked up like be saw it, and stopped, and be commenced to back back; wben be commenced to back back I commenced tapping bim to keep bim from backing. I saw be was going to stop, and I jumped off and ran to bis bead, so as to pull bim around tbe corner. He kept backing. I ran to tbe end of tbe dray. ’Wben I got to tbe back tbe train was very near. I slid out from behind tbe cart and tbe train struck tbe back end of tbe dray and knocked tbe borse down. Tbe front part of tbe bumper struck tbe cart; tbe back end of tbe dray was struck by tbe cow-catcber.
(It is admitted tbat tbe street crossing Gordon is Independence Street.)
Q. Wben you crossed tbe track going tbis way, did you see tbe train? A. Yes, sir; it was further down, about seventy-five steps — yards—something like tbat — from tbe street I was crossing.
Q. Wben your borse stopped and was looking at tbe train, can you estimate bow fast tbe train was going? A. About four or five miles an hour.
Q. Wben tbe train was coming towards you, did you see anybody looking out of tbe windows of tbe train? A. There was a whole lot looking out. Tbe engineer called to me and said stop backing my borse in tbe train.
Q. Where was be — -bow far was tbe engineer wben be was talking to you about not backing your borse? A. About fifteen or twenty steps from me.
Q. How long have you been driving a borse? A. I have been tending to bim for about a year. I have been accustomed to horses for about fifteen or twenty years.
Q. What damage was done to tbe wagon after tbe mix-up? A. Tbe right wheel was torn to pieces, tbe right wheel and shafts.
Q. What injury did tbe borse receive? A. Tbe right foot — • I think it was tbe right one — broke in two. They bad to kill bim. He was smashed up.
Q. What else was done besides breaking bis leg? A. Just smashed bim right down.
Tbe defendant offered evidence to tbe contrary, and tbe engineer testified as follows:
Q. "Were yon tbe'engineer on tbe train at tbat time? A. Tes, sir.
Q. How long bave yon been in tbe service of tbe company?' A. On tbis road eleven years.
Q. State wbat you saw? A. I noticed wben I approached tbis crossing — I was about as far from bere to tbe door, tbe length of tbis building — tbis driver was sitting up in front of bis cart wben I noticed him; by my noticing him, tbe .horse was baching,- tbe driver jumped off; tbe horse was backing; tbat put him in tbis direction (indicating) ; tbe lines were over tbe bames; tbe horse kept rearing; I began to slow up; tbe horse backed up more, less than tbe width of tbis stand, and stopped. I ran tbe engine, and wben I was going by, tbe horse reared up; tbat brought him by tbe engine, and tbe crank-pin on tbe driver struck tbe cart and threw tbe horse under tbe tender and broke bis leg and bruised him up.
Q. You say you were tbe length of tbis building wben you first saw him? A. I might bave been more.
Q. How close were you wben you first saw him? A. If be bad kept on be would bave gone by; tbe horse stopped about ten feet of tbe engine. I released her and let her go by.
- Q. How far did you run after you struck tbe cart ? A. I judge about eight feet; it didn’t make a revolution; tbe crank-pin came just near enough to slew tbe horse around; it struck tbe right wheel of the cart. Tbe driver was on tbe opposite side of me.
Q. "William Hadley said you hollered to him? A. No, sir; I never said a word to him until I stopped. Tbe horse was down. I said, “Why did you want to back tbe horse in tbe train ?”
Q. Wben tbe horse began to back tbe last time, could you bave stopped tbe train to prevent him from backing tbe cart into tbe train? A. No, sir; it was so quick. He stood so a little time. I guess I moved tbe length of tbis room before be moved tbe second time — enough for me to go by him. Instead of the horse going forward, the driver had the reins on him; he backed back.
Q. "What part of the engine struck the horse? A. The front driver struck the cart; that is, middle of the engine.
Upon the conclusion of the evidence, his Honor granted the motion of the defendant for judgment of nonsuit, and the plaintiff excepted and appealed.
Loftin & Dawson for plaintiff.
Bouse & Land for defendant.

Opinion:
AlleN, J.
The right of the plaintiff to maintain this action must be determined by the conduct of the parties after the time the horse began to back, and if the evidence presents a phase from which the jury could find that the engineer, by keeping a lookout, could by the exercise of ordinary care have seen that a collision was imminent, in time to stop his train and avoid it, then it was his duty to do so; and if the jury should so find, the plaintiff could recover, notwithstanding the failure of the driver to look and listen at the crossing.
This is clearly stated by Justice Hoke in Snipes v. Manufacturing Co., 152 N. C., 46.
After discussing the duty of the engineer to keep a lookout, and to stop and avoid injury when he can do so by the exercise of ordinary care, he says: "Ordinarily, cases calling for application of the doctrine indicated arise when the injured person was down on the track, apparently unconscious or helpless, but such extreme conditions are not at all essential, and the ruling should prevail whenever an engineer operating a railroad train does or, in proper performance of his duty, should observe that a collision is not improbable, and that a person is in such a position of peril that ordinary effort on his part will not likely avail to save him from injury; and the authorities are also to the effect that an engineer in such circumstances should resolve doubts in favor of the safer course."
The quotation speaks in terms of persons, but the principle also applies to injury to property. Under tbis rule, wbat is tbe evidence, and what facts could the jury find from it, giving it a construction most favorable to the plaintiff, which we must do on a motion for nonsuit?
The evidence of the plaintiff, if believed, shows that the horse was twenty-five or twenty-eight steps beyond the crossing when he began to back; that he was backing towards the track; that he continued to back without stopping until there was a collision between the wagon and the train; that the driver was trying to stop the horse and could -not do so; that the horse and wagon and driver were in full view of the engineer; that the engineer called to the driver and told him to stop backing into the train, when about fifteen or twenty yards from him; that at the time the horse began to back the engine was seventy-five yards from the crossing, and that it could have been stopped in eight feet.
If so, there was evidence that the engineer could, by the exercise of ordinary care, have seen .that a collision was imminent, in time to stop the engine and avoid the injury.
There was evidence on the part of the defendant which, if accepted by the jury, would exonerate it.
The engineer testified that he saw the horse backing, and reduced the speed of his engine; that when near the horse and wagon, the horse stopped and appeared to be under control; that he then increased his speed, and as he was passing the crossing the horse suddenly reared and backed into the train.
If the jury should find this evidence to be true, the defendant would not be liable.
The case of Kearns v. R. R., 139 N. C., 471, is not in conflict with these views. In that case the train had passed the crossing, when the horse began to back, and there was no evidence, in the opinion of the Court, of anything the engineer could have done to avoid the injury.
There is some evidence of negligence on the part of the driver, in charge of the horse and wagon, at the time of the injury, but it is not of such character that we can declare, as matter of law, that it amounts to contributory negligence.
It was his duty to look and listen as he approached the crossing, and ordinarily a failure to do so will bar a recovery for an injury on tbe crossing; but in this case the crossing was passed in safety, and there is no causal connection between this failure of duty and the injury. If after the horse began to back, the driver was negligent and this negligence continued to the time of the injury and contributed to it, the plaintiff could not recover, but in passing upon this question the jury would have the right to consider his surroundings, and the law would require no more of him than to act as a man of ordinary prudence would have done under similar circumstances.
The question is not what a prudent man would do now in the light of subsequent events, but what would a man of ordinary prudence have done in the situation in which the driver was placed.
In our opinion, there was some evidence for the consideration of the jury, and a new trial is ordered.
New trial.