Case Name: George MELTON et al., Appellants, v. V. V. DAVIS et ux., Appellees
Court: Texas Courts of Civil Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1969-05-29
Citations: 443 S.W.2d 605
Docket Number: No. 420
Parties: George MELTON et al., Appellants, v. V. V. DAVIS et ux., Appellees.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 443
Pages: 605–610

Head Matter:
George MELTON et al., Appellants, v. V. V. DAVIS et ux., Appellees.
No. 420.
Court of Civil Appeals of Texas. Tyler.
May 29, 1969.
Rehearing Denied July 10, 1969.
Ivan Alexander, Emory, for George Melton, and another.
Ramey, Brelsford, Flock, Devereux & Hutchins, Donald Carroll and Michael A. Hatchell, Tyler, for Sinclair Oil & Gas Co.
Wynne & Wynne, Gordon R. Wynne, Wills Point, for appellees.

Opinion:
MOORE, Justice.
This is a suit in trespass to try title brought by appellees, V. V. Davis and wife, against appellants, George Melton and Sinclair Oil & Gas Company, the oil and gas lessee, to recover the fee mineral estate in and under approximately 4.178 acres of land out of a larger 92.5 acre tract. Appel-lees, V. V. Davis and wife, claim title to the mineral estate under said 4.178 acre tract by virtue of an exception in the deed conveying the 92.5 acre tract to the Mel-tons.
After a trial before the court, sitting without a jury, the trial court rendered judgment in favor of appellees, from which appellants duly perfected this appeal.
The deed conveying the 92.5 acre tract and excepting the 4.178 acre tract reads, in part, as follows:
"KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:
"That we, V. V. Davis and wife, Vada Davis, of the County of Rains, State of Texas, for and in consideration of the sum of Ten Dollars and other good and valuable consideration, to us in hand paid by George Melton and wife, Faye Melton,
" have Granted, Sold and Conveyed and by these presents do Grant, Sell and Convey, unto the said George Melton and wife, Faye Melton, of the County of Rains, State of Texas, all that certain tract, lot or parcel of land, situated in Rains County, Texas, and described as follows:
88.3 acres of the B. de O'Sinea survey, described in three tracts:
1st tract: 42.7 acres of said survey:
Beginning at the SW corner of 60 acres sold by M. Taylor to A. F. Williams :
Thence South 578.8 varas;
Thence East 715.8 varas;
Thence North 578.8 varas;
Thence West 715.8 varas to the beginning, containing 73.3 acres of land, LESS 30.6 acres sold to B. B. Bullard, leaving 42.7 acres.
2nd tract: 25 acres of said survey:
Beginning at the NW corner of 50 acres sold by J. W. Reeves to Saluda Baker;
Thence South 279 varas;
Thence East 505.7 varas;
Thence North 279 varas;
Thence West 505.7 varas the beginning.
3rd tract: 24.5 acres of said survey;
Beginning at the NW corner of 100 acres sold by Milam Taylor to J. W. Reeves;
Thence North 276.4 varas;
Thence East 501 varas;
Thence South 276.4 varas;
Thence West 501 varas, the beginning, containing in said three tracts 92.5 acres of land, from which is excepted 4.178 acres conveyed to The State of Texas, for right of way for Highway #19, leaving 88.3 acres of land. (Emphasis supplied.)
"TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described premises, together with all and singular the rights and appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging unto the said George Melton and wife, Faye Melton, their heirs and assigns forever and we do hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, to Warrant and Forever Defend, all and singular the said premises unto the said George Melton, and wife, Faye Melton, their heirs and assigns, against every person whomsoever lawfully claiming, or to claim the same, or any part thereof."
While the deed indicates that the excepted land consists of a 4.178 acre tract, the record reveals that the 4.178 acres consist of two separate tracts conveyed to the State of Texas by the Davises by two separate instruments. By the first instrument, the Davises conveyed to the State an easement for a drainage channel over 0.172 acres and reserved the mineral rights thereunder. In the second instrument, the Davises conveyed by warranty deed 4.006 acres to the State for right of way purposes reserving the mineral estate.
Appellants have attacked the judgment by three points of error asserting that the trial court erred in finding that the deed did not pass the mineral estate under the 4.178 acres in dispute. It is their contention that since the Davises conveyed them 92.5 acres of land describing same by metes and bounds, they conveyed all of the mineral estate under all the 92.5 acre tract, including the minerals owned by them under the two disputed tracts containing 4.178 acres.
Appellees seek to uphold the judgment asserting that the conveyance in the deed referring to the land as "88.3 acres of the B. de O'Sinea survey, described in three tracts" and "leaving 88.3 acres of land" conclusively shows that the grantors did not intend to convey 92.5 acres, but intended to convey only 88.3 acres and to reserve unto themselves the minerals under the 4.178 acres in controversy. Secondly, they argue that the judgment must be sustained upon the ground that the deed was ambiguous and the extrinsic evidence offered by them in the nature of subsequent deeds wherein the appellants referred to the land granted them by the Davises as being 88.3 acres constituted sufficient evidence showing that the parties intended to convey only 88.3 acres of land.
The sole and only question is whether or not the title to the mineral estate under the 4.178 acres passed to the Meltons under the above quoted deed.
An examination of the exception clause in the Davis-Melton deed clearly shows that the grantors intended to except only that which had previously been conveyed to the State of Texas. It is without dispute that the only thing that the Davises had previously conveyed to the State was an easement over the 4.178 acres for highway purposes. Consequently, at the time of the execution of the deed, the Davises owned the mineral estate under the 4.178 acres burdened by the easement. The question presented is whether the exception had the effect of not only excepting the 4.178 acre easement, but also had the effect of excepting the mineral estate thereunder, thereby leaving the title to the same in the Davises.
In the case of Lewis v. East Texas Finance Co., 136 Tex. 149, 146 S.W.2d 977, the same question was before the court and the court said:
"An instrument of conveyance which conveys land definitely described in such instrument, and then excepts from which conveyance a road, railroad right of way, canal right of way, etc., as such, occupying a mere easement on, over, or across the land conveyed, conveys the fee to the entire tract, and the exception only operates to render the conveyance or grant subject to the easement. Bolton v. Dyck Oil Co., Tex.Civ.App., writ dismissed W.O.J., 114 S.W.2d 299; Penn v. Holland, Tex.Civ.App., writ refused, 105 S.W.2d 351; Shell Petroleum Corp. v. Ward, 5 Cir., 100 F.2d 778; Kansas City Southern Ry. Co. v. Marietta Oil Corp., 5 Cir., 102 F.2d 603; Cox v. Campbell, Tex.Sup., 143 S.W.2d 361; Rio Bravo Oil Co. v. Weed, 121 Tex. 427, 50 S.W.2d 1080, 85 A.L.R. 391; Devlin on Deeds, 3d Ed., p. 1851, § 989; 18 C.J., p. 338; Thompson on Real Property, § 3205."
A reading of the deed shows that in the granting clause, it grants, sells and conveys to the grantees "all that certain tract, lot or parcel of land, described as follows: " (Emphasis supplied.) Then follows a description of 92.5 acres, which clearly, definitely and certainly de-describes the 92.5 acre tract, which includes the 4.178 acres in question. Under the rules of law announced in the foregoing authorities, the exception in the deed can have no other effect than to say that the grant is burdened with the easement for highway purposes and that the surface area covered by the easement is not to be taken into consideration in computing the number of surface acres conveyed. As a result, we are of the opinion that the mineral estate under the 4.178 acres passed to appellants.
Appellees undertake to uphold the judgment by asserting that the conflicts in the call for quantity create an ambiguity and as a result, the trial court was authorized to find that the parties intended to convey only 88.3 acres of land based upon the extrinsic evidence offered by them. As we construe the deed, no ambiguity exists.
In the construction of an instrument, where there is a particular description by metes and bounds and there is a repugnance between the particular description in the deed and a general description, it has been held that where a grantor conveys specifically by metes and bounds, so that there can be no controversy about what land is included and really conveyed, a general description cannot control. A general description may be looked to in aid of a particular description that is defective or doubtful, but not to control or override a particular description about which there can be no doubt. Cullers v. Platt, 81 Tex. 258, 16 S.W. 1003; Whaley v. Lemmon, (Tex.Civ.App.) 281 S.W. 321; Standefer v. Miller, (Tex.Civ.App.) 182 S.W. 1149; 9 Tex.Jur.2d, Sec. 21, pages 538-541.
The metes and bounds description in the present deed conveying 92.5 acres is definite and certain. The granting clause purports to convey all the land owned by grantors. Since grantors excepted only an easement or the surface estate over the 4.178 acres, it is apparent that they intended to convey the fee to 92.5 acres of land, including the 4.178 acres in controversy, subject only to the surface easement previously conveyed to the State of Texas. Luse v. Penn, (Tex.Civ.App.) 220 S.W. 303; Donnell v. Otts, (Tex.Civ.App.) 230 S.W. 864; Penn v. Holland, supra; Bolton v. Dyck Oil Co., supra. Since there can be no doubt about what land appellees conveyed to appellants, regardless of what they may have intended to convey, no ambiguity existed and as a result, extrinsic evidence was not admissible.
If appellees had intended to reserve the disputed minerals, they could have done so by apt language specifically and unequivocally expressing such intent. Klein v. Humble Oil & Refining Co., (Tex.Civ.App.) 67 S.W.2d 911, Having failed to do so, title to the mineral estate in question passed to the appellants under the deed.
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and judgment is hereby rendered for appellants for title and possession of the land sued for.