Case Name: George F. Newland, Trustee, Appellant, v. Ludwig Zodikow, Respondent
Court: New York City Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1902-12
Citations: 39 Misc. 541
Docket Number: 
Parties: George F. Newland, Trustee, Appellant, v. Ludwig Zodikow, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York Miscellaneous Reports
Volume: 39
Pages: 541–543

Head Matter:
George F. Newland, Trustee, Appellant, v. Ludwig Zodikow, Respondent.
(City Court of New York, General Term,
December, 1902.)
Pleading — Buie to determine whether an action is individual or representative.
Where the complaint clearly shows that the plaintiff is suing in a representative capacity as trustee of a bankrupt, the fact that, in the captions of both the summons and the complaint, his name is followed by the word “ trustee ” and not by the words “ as trustee ” is not fatal to the action as a representative one and this under the rule that the title and the pleadings may be considered together in order to ascertain the true nature of the action and that it will be treated as individual or representative, as disclosed upon an inspection of the whole record.
Appeal from a judgment dismissing the complaint.
Theodore R. Ripsom, for appellant.
Goldfogle, Cohn & Lind (Alfred D. Lind, of counsel), for respondent.

Opinion:
Seabury, J.
The action was brought against the defendant in the name of " George F. Rowlands Trustee " as plaintiff. The summons and complaint were both entitled in this manner. After the caption, the complaint shows that " George F. Rowlands, the plaintiff above named appearing by John Jay MeKelvey his attorney complains of the defendant," etc. The allegations con tained in the body of the complaint clearly set forth the appointment of George F. ISTewlands as trustee in bankruptcy of Eleanor T. Summer and that said ISTewlands duly accepted said trust and thereafter qualified as such trustee. The other allegations of the complaint clearly show that the cause of action therein stated was to the said ISTewlands in his representative capacity and not individually. Upon the trial after the jury had been impaneled the defendant's counsel moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action in favor of the plaintiff. This motion was granted, subject to the exception of the plaintiff, and judgment was entered dismissing the complaint. From the judgment so entered, the plaintiff appeals. The respondent contends that as the plaintiff in the title of the summons and complaint is designated simply " Trustee " and does not sue " as " trustee, that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action in favor of the plaintiff. It is true that an adherence to correct rules of pleading requires that where persons sue or are sued in a representative capacity the title should indicate that the suit is brought by or against them in their representative capacity. When a person sues as an executor, trustee or assignee the word " as " should not be omitted from the title, but should follow the person's name. WThen the word " as " is omitted and the averments of the complaint do not show that the action is by or against parties in their representative capacity the defect of omitting the word " as " or a description of representative character is fatal and the addition of the word " trustee," " executor " or " assignee," etc., is merely descriptio personae. But when it appears from averments of the complaint that the action is by or against parties in their representative capacity such a defect as the omission of the word " as " or a description of representative capacity is cured. Bryant's Code Pl. 185; Beers v. Shannon, 73 N. Y. 292; State v. Bartlett, 68 Mo. 581.
The test by which to determine when an action is deemed to be brought in favor of or against a party as an individual, and when in favor of or against him in a representative capacity was considered in First Nat. Bank v. Shuler, 153 N. Y. 163, 173, when the court, through Andrews, Oh. J., said "that the title and pleadings may be considered together to ascertain the true nature of the action, and the action will be treated as an indi vidual or representative one, as disclosed upon an inspection of the whole record."
Applying this clear test to the determination of the question here presented and viewing not only the title hut the whole complaint, we think it is plain that the action should be treated as a representative one. From this conclusion it follows that the judgment appealed from must be reversed, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
Conlan, J., concurs.
Judgment reversed, with costs to appellant to abide event..