Case Name: Thomas J. Cavan v. The City of Brooklyn
Court: Brooklyn City Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1888-06-11
Citations: 16 N.Y. St. Rep. 758
Docket Number: 
Parties: Thomas J. Cavan v. The City of Brooklyn.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 16
Pages: 758–760

Head Matter:
Thomas J. Cavan v. The City of Brooklyn.
(City Court of Brooklyn, Special Term,
Filed June 11, 1888.)
Brooklyn — Charter of — Not necessary to present claim arising out of tort to controller — Laws 1886, Chap. 563, §§ 1 and 2 — Pleading.
Laws 1886, chapter 563, g§ 1 and 3, which provides that claims against the city of Brooklyn, must be presented in detail and duly verified by the claimant to the comptroller of said city and that an action cannot be taaintained until he has refused or neglected to make any adjustment thereof for thirty days, etc., has no application to actions founded in tort and applies only to claims arising on contract.
Demurrer to the complaint on the ground that it did not appear on the face thereof that the claim had been presented to the comptroller for adjustment.

Opinion:
Clement, C. J.
The complaint in this action sets forth a cause of action against the city for damages for negligence, except that it does not appear on the face thereof that the claim on which the action is founded was presented to the comptroller for adjustment, at least thirty days before the commencement of the action, and the city demurrs for that reason.
Chapter 563 of the Laws of 1886, is entitled "An act in relation to claims against the city of Brooklyn" and reads as follows:
Section 1. No action or special proceeding shall be prosecuted or maintained against the city of Brooklyn unless it shall appear by and as an allegation in the complaint or necessary moving papers that at least thirty days have elapsed since the claim or claims upon which said action or special proceeding is founded were presented in detail and duly verified by such claimant or claimants to the comptroller of said city for adjustment; and that he has neglected or refused to make any adjustment, or payment thereof for thirty days after said presentment.
§ 2. The comptroller may require any person presenting for a settlement an account or claim against the city of Brooklyn to be sworn before him touching such account or claim, and after being so sworn to answer orally as to any facts relative to the justness of such account or claim. Willful false swearing before him is perjury and punishable as such.
The counsel for plaintiff contends that the statute has no application to actions founded in tort and does apply only to claims arising on contract, and the counsel for the defendant argues that a compliance with the statute is necessary in order to maintain an action against the city, whether the claim is in tort or on contract.
After a careful examination of numerous authorities I am satisfied that the act has no application to cases like the one now under review. The defendant relies upon the authority of Reining v. The City of Buffalo, 102 N. Y., 308; 2 N Y. State Rep., 10, and the head-note of the case and the opinion would seem to sustain his position, but a reference to the charter of the city of Buffalo (section 7, title 3, chap. 519 Laws of 1870), immediately shows that the question involved in this case was not before the court, and the opinions in the case of Reining v. Buffalo (supra), and in the case of Gage v. The Village of Hornellsville (106 N. Y, 667), are not in conflict, as was suggested on the argument. The case of Nagel v. The City of Buffalo (34 Hun, 1), shows the true construction of the charter of that city, and the distinction between the charter provision of Buffalo and the statute now under consideration.
If we now turn to the case of Gage v. The Village of Hornellsvitte (106 N. Y., 667; 8 N. Y. State Rep., 885) we find that the court of appeals there held that section 3245 of the Code is to be construed as a re-enactment of section 2 of chap. 262 of the Laws of 1859, and that the latter section had no application to actions for the recovery of damages for negligence. Such section reads as follows :
" § 2. No costs, fees, disbursements or allowance shall be recovered or inserted in any judgment against municipal corporations, unless the claim upon which such judgment is founded shall have been presented for payment to the chief fiscal officer of said corporation before the commencement of an action thereon."
There are a long line of authorities in the courts holding that the word " claim" in the above statute did not refer to case for damages for negligence. In Taylor v. Cohoes (105 N. Y., 54; 6 N. Y. State Rep._, 461), the court say "under that section of the law this court substantially held that cases for the recovery of damages for injuries sustained by reason of the negligence of the servant of a municipal corporation were not within the purview. McClure v. Supervisors of Niagara, 3 Abb. Ct. App., p. 83 ; Howell v. City of Buffalo, 15 N. Y., 512 ; McGaffin v. City of Cohoes, 74 id., 387. All of these cases did not arise under the act of 1859, but the principle decided by them is as stated." In order to ascertain the principle decided, it is proper to refer to the case of McClure v. Supervisors of Niagara (3 Abb. Ct. App., p. 83), where the plaintiff sued the county of Niagara to recover damages for property destroyed by a mob, and Judge Davies holds as follows : "The provisions in the act of 1859 were clearly intended to protect municipal corporations from the payment of costs for demands which in their nature were capable of audit, and which the authorities were authorized to pay on presentation and adjustment. I am of opinion on the foregoing authorities that the word ' claims ' in the act in question only referred to claims arising on contract, and this construction is borne out by the words of the second section, ' account, or claim.'" The case of Quinlan v. City of Utica (11 Hun, 217, 221) affirmed in court of appeals (74 N. Y., 603), seems directly in point. Judge Smith, in construing the words "all claims and accounts" in the charter of the city of Utica, says: "The term ' accounts ' is applicable to matters of contract and not of tort, and according to the maxim, noscitur a sociis, the word 1 claim ' thus used has like meaning.' " By reference to the charter of this city, title 4, it appears that the comptroller had no power to adjust or pay the demand of the plaintiff in this action, and I can see. no reason why the act should be construed to mean all demands whether on contract or in tort, in view of the fact that the courts have repeatedly held that the word "claim" in a city charter, or in the act of 1859, simply referred to a contract debt. The demurrer must be overruled, with costs, with leave to defendant to answer in the usual terms.