Case Name: Curtis Jon BALCOM, Appellant v. Lisa Balcom CRAIN, Appellee
Court: Arkansas Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 2016-06-08
Citations: 496 S.W.3d 405
Docket Number: No. CV-15-848
Parties: Curtis Jon BALCOM, Appellant v. Lisa Balcom CRAIN, Appellee
Judges: Gladwin, C.J., agrees.
Reporter: South Western Reporter Third Series
Volume: 496
Pages: 405–409

Head Matter:
2016 Ark. App. 313
Curtis Jon BALCOM, Appellant v. Lisa Balcom CRAIN, Appellee
No. CV-15-848
Court of Appeals of Arkansas, DIVISION IV.
Opinion Delivered June 8, 2016
Crawford Law Firm, Hot Springs, by: Michael H. Crawford, for appellant.
John Howard & Sherry L Daves, Attorneys at Law, P.A., by: John Howard, for appellee.

Opinion:
RITA W. GRUBER, Judge
1 íThis case arises out of the 2008 divorce proceedings between Curtis Balcom and Lisa Balcom (Crain). While the case was pending, the parties entered into a mediated property settlement agreement requiring Mr. Balcom to make certain payments to Ms. Crain. In 2016, the court entered an order finding Mr. Balcom in contempt for failing to make his contractually obligated payments. He appeals, arguing that the trial court was without authority to modify the parties' agreement and that it erred in holding him in civil contempt. We find no error and affirm the court's order.
On April 9, 2008, the parties were divorced pursuant to a divorce decree. The parties' mediated property settlement agreement was accepted by the Garland County Circuit Court and incorporated into the decree. Among other things, the agreement provided that Mr. Balcom would pay Ms. Crain a sum of $200,000, and in exchange she would forgo her interest in a family-owned business owned by Mr. Balcom's family. The parties agreed that IjjMr. Balcom would make an initial $50,000 payment to Ms. Crain, then make payments in the amount of $1,123.60 per month through March 1, 2015, with the remaining balance due in a balloon payment on April 1, 2015. The parties also agreed that he would obtain a life insurance policy in the amount of $150,000 to secure the amount owed to Ms. Crain. Mr. Balcom paid the initial $50,000 and made a total of twenty monthly payments to Ms. Crain before ceasing payments entirely. Between 2010 and 2014, the court found Mr. Balcom in contempt on four separate occasions for failing to make his contractually obligated payments to Ms. Crain. On one such occasion, the court converted the payments to alimony, which neither party appealed.
In a hearing on the fifth contempt action against him, Mr. Balcom admitted that he owed the debt but claimed that' he was without the financial means to make the payments. He testified that he "would like to pay $400.00 a month[,] which is over and above the $344 I have been paying for child support. I am not saying pay $400 a month in addition" to the child support. He requested that the court "direct" him to "pay Ms. Crain $400.00 per month."
Following the hearing, the court entered judgment against Mr. Balcom and ordered him to make alimony payments in 180 equal monthly payments of $976.97. The court also ordered him to obtain a life insurance policy in the amount of $100,000. The court further ordered that if at any point in time he failed to pay "an amount equal to two (2) monthly payments, or more, an order of arrest shall immediately issue upon the verified motion of [Ms. Crain] with a cash bond being set in the amount of the unpaid arrearages."
laMr. Balcom's first, second, and third points on appeal go to the court's authority to modify the agreement. He contends that his obligations to Ms. Crain were "contractual in nature" and therefore the court did not have authority to modify those obligations. He argues that the court "could only award Ms. Crain a judgment on the contract" or find him in contempt for "not performing his end of the bargain" but the court could not "rewrite the terms of the agreement."
It is elementary that this court will not consider arguments that are not preserved for appellate review. Stacks v. Stacks, 2009 Ark. App. 862, at 4, 377 S.W.3d 266, 269. We will not do so because it is incumbent upon the parties to raise arguments initially to the trial court in order to give that court an opportunity to consider them. Id. Otherwise, we would be placed in the position of reversing a trial court for reasons not addressed by that court. Id. Mr. Balcom did not make his arguments regarding authority to modify the agreement to the trial court. Instead, at the hearing, he specifically requested that the court modify the agreement by allowing him to pay $400 per month in lieu of the required $1,123.60 payment. Because he failed to raise his arguments to the trial court, we will not address them for the first time on appeal.
For his fourth point on appeal, Mr. Balcom argues that, because he was not in "willful contempt" of the decree, the court erred in holding him in civil contempt. Disobedience of any valid judgment, order, or decree of a court having jurisdiction to enter it may constitute contempt, and punishment for such contempt is an inherent power of the court. Brock v. Eubanks, 102 Ark. App. 165, 288 S.W.3d 272 (2008). Contempt is categorized into criminal | ¿contempt and civil contempt. Shields v. Kimble, 2016 Ark. App. 151, at 9, 486 S.W.3d 791. The distinction between relief that is civil in nature and relief that is criminal in nature has repeatedly been stated and followed by our appellate courts. Fitzhugh v. State, 296 Ark. 137, 752 S.W.2d 275 (1988). An unconditional penalty is criminal in nature because it is solely and exclusively punitive in character. Id. A conditional penalty, by contrast, is civil because it is specifically designed to compel the doing of some act. Id. Because civil contempt is designed to coerce compliance with the court's order, the civil contemnor may free himself or herself by complying with the order. Applegate v. Applegate, 101 Ark. App. 289, 293, 275 S.W.3d 682, 685 (2008). This is the source of the familiar refrain that civil contemnors "carry the keys of their prison in their own pockets." Id. at 293, 275 S.W.3d at 685 (quoting Penfield Co. v. S.E.C., 330 U.S. 585, 593, 67 S.Ct. 918, 91 L.Ed. 1117 (1947)). Civil contempt protects the rights of private parties by compelling compliance with orders of the court made for the benefit of private parties. Shields, 2016 Ark. App. 151, at 9, 486 S.W.3d 791. Civil contempt can be either compensatory or coercive in nature. Id. In order to establish civil, contempt, there must be willful disobedience of a valid court order. Fowler v. Hendrix, 2016 Ark. App. 7, at 5, 479 S.W.3d 591, 594. Lack of ability to pay is a defense in civil-contempt cases. Ivy v. Keith, 351 Ark. 269, 284, 92 S.W.3d 671, 680 (2002).
We will not reverse a circuit court's finding of civil contempt unless that finding is clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Fowler, 2016 Ark. App. 7, at 5, 479 S.W.3d at 594. A finding is clearly against the preponderance of the evidence if, although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with a firm 1 Bconviction that a mistake has been committed. Catt v. Catt, 2014 Ark. App. 616, at 2, 2014 WL 5697149. Issues of credibility are for the fact-finder. Id. Here, although Mr. Bal-com testified that he was without sufficient financial means to make the payments, there was evidence that he was regularly employed and additionally that he received tax refunds and sold various vehicles but never used any of the proceeds to make payments toward his obligation. We hold that the court's order was not clearly against the preponderance of the evidence.
Affirmed.
Gladwin, C.J., agrees.
Kinard, J., concurs.