Case Name: Edward J. WARD, Plaintiff, v. RIO MAR ASSOCIATES, INC., et al., Defendants
Court: United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2011-06-02
Citations: 788 F. Supp. 2d 36
Docket Number: Civil No. 11-1065 (FAB)
Parties: Edward J. WARD, Plaintiff, v. RIO MAR ASSOCIATES, INC., et al., Defendants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Federal Supplement 2d
Volume: 788
Pages: 36–40

Head Matter:
Edward J. WARD, Plaintiff, v. RIO MAR ASSOCIATES, INC., et al., Defendants.
Civil No. 11-1065 (FAB).
United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico.
June 2, 2011.
Benjamin Morales-Del-Valle, Morales Morales Law Offices, San Juan, PR, for Plaintiff.
David Fernandez-Esteves, Law Offices Benjamin Acosta, Jr., Old San Juan, PR, Antonio L. Roig-Lorenzo, O’Neill & Borges, Nashely Pagan-Isona, San Juan, PR, for Defendants.

Opinion:
OPINION AND ORDER
BESOSA, District Judge.
Before the Court is a motion to dismiss, (Docket No. 10), filed by defendant WHM Carib, LLC ("WHMC" or "defendant"). Having considered the arguments contained in defendant's motion, plaintiffs opposition, defendant's reply, and plaintiffs surreply, the Court DENIES the motion to dismiss.
I. Background
Plaintiff Edward J. Ward is a Pennsylvania resident who allegedly slipped and fell at the Wyndham Rio Mar Beach Resort & Spa on March 3, 2009. (Docket No. 1 at ¶ 3, 9-12.) Plaintiff asserts that his fall was caused by WHMC's negligence in failing to maintain, repair, and inspect the premises, and that the accident caused him to incur personal injury, pain, mental anguish, and special damages. Id. at ¶ 13-15,18.
On February 19, 2010, plaintiff Ward filed a complaint in Delaware against Tishman Hotel & Realty, L.P., Tishman Realty & Construction Co., Inc., Wyndham World Wide Corp., and Rio Mar Associates L.P., S.E., all doing business as Rio Mar Beach Resort & Spa, a Wyndham Grand Resort. (Docket No. 10 at 6.) Roughly four months later, on June 23, 2010, one co-defendant notified plaintiff Ward that WHMC would be a more appropriate defendant than two of the co-defendants at the time. (See Docket No. 15-3.) Plaintiff did not amend the complaint in response to this new information. (See Docket No. 15-2.) On November 30, 2010, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware dismissed the case on grounds of forum non conveniens, and allowed ninety days for plaintiff Ward to file an identical suit in Pennsylvania or Puerto Rico on the condition that the defendant "waive the statute of limitation argument" if the matter were to be filed in Puerto Rico. (See Docket No. 15-2 at 21.)
On January 20, 2011, plaintiff filed a complaint against Rio Mar Associates, Inc. and WHM Carib, LLC in this Court, alleging claims for negligence pursuant to article 1802 of the Puerto Rico Civil Code, P.R. Laws Ann. tit. 31, § 5141. (See Docket No. 1 at ¶ 15-19.) The complaint in this case names WHMC, who was not a party to the original Delaware action, as a defendant. (See Docket No. 1 at ¶ 4-8, 21.) On April 6, 2011, WHMC filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) on the grounds that the one-year statute of limitations under article 1802 of the Civil Code of Puerto Rico had expired with regard to any claims brought against itself. (See Docket No. 10 at 2.) WHMC maintains that it is not barred from raising a statute of limitations defense because it was not a defendant in the Delaware action. (See id. at 7.) In its opposition to defendant's motion to dismiss, plaintiff argued (1) that the statute of limitations period did not begin to run until June 23, 2010, when the plaintiff learned that WHMC was an appropriate defendant, and (2) that the filing of an action against one defendant tolls the limitations period for a subsequent action against parties who are allegedly jointly liable under Puerto Rico law. (See Docket No. 15.)
WHMC filed a reply, arguing that the statute of limitations period was triggered on the date of the injury, not on the date on which the plaintiff actually learned that WHMC was potentially liable, because the plaintiff should have been able to identify the proper defendants at that time. Defendant argues that plaintiff was not sufficiently diligent in investigating the identities of the defendants, and therefore should be held to the earlier statute of limitations start date. (See Docket No. 22.) Plaintiff filed a surreply that (1) disputed defendant's claims of negligence with respect to plaintiffs investigation of potentially liable parties, and (2) reiterated that the inclusion of WHMC in this case is permissible despite the fact that WHMC was not a party to the waiver agreement because the original Delaware action tolled the limitations period as to subsequent actions against joint tortfeasors. (See Docket No. 25.)
II. Legal Analysis
A. Rule 12(b)(6) Standard
Rule 12(b)(6) is the vehicle to request the dismissal of a case for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. To adjudicate a motion to dismiss, the Court must accept as true all the factual allegations contained in the complaint. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 127 S.Ct. 2197, 2200, 167 L.Ed.2d 1081 (2007) (citations omitted). These allegations are viewed through the prism of Rule 8(a)(2), which requires only "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a)(2).
"Affirmative defenses, such as the statute of limitations, may be raised in a motion to dismiss under [Rule 12(b)(6) ], provided that 'the facts establishing the defense [are] clear on the face of the plaintiffs pleadings.' " Trans-Spec Truck Serv., Inc. v. Caterpillar, Inc., 524 F.3d 315, 320 (1st Cir.2008) (quoting Blackstone Realty LLC v. FDIC, 244 F.3d 193, 197 (1st Cir.2001)). "Where the dates included in the complaint show that the limitations period has been exceeded and the complaint fails to sketch a factual predicate that would warrant the application of either a different statute of limitations period or equitable estoppel, dismissal is appropriate." Id.
B. Joint Liability and the Tolling of the Limitations Period
WHMC contends that the plaintiffs action is time-barred due to the expiration of the one-year statute of limitations. (Docket No. 10 at 2.) The Court disagrees.
The limitations period for actions brought pursuant to article 1802 is one year. P.R. Laws Ann. tit. 31, § 5298. The period begins to run as soon as the injured party knows or should know of the injury and of the likely identity of the tortfeasor. Tokyo Marine & Fire Ins. Co., Ltd. v. Perez & Cia. de Puerto Rico, Inc., 142 F.3d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1998); Rose v. Embassy Suites Hotel, No. 09-1673, 2011 WL 521438, at *3 (D.P.R. Feb. 14, 2011); Kolker v. Hurwitz, No. 09-1805, 2011 WL 292264, at *6 (D.P.R. Jan. 31, 2011).
The parties disagree about the date on which the limitations period began to run. (See Docket No. 10 at 2; Docket No. 15 at 3.) Defendant implies that the statute of limitations period began to run as to all parties on March 3, 2009, the date of the injury. (See Docket No. 22.) Plaintiff, on the other hand, maintains that the limitations period began to run as to WHMC on June 23, 2010, when plaintiff actually learned that WHMC was the property management company and hence potentially liable. (Docket No. 15 at 3.) Defendant retorts that plaintiff should have identified the property management company sooner, given that plaintiffs have a duty to be diligent in investigating the identities of their tortfeasors, and that WHMC is easily identifiable as the hotel's property management company on a public website. (Docket No. 22 at 2-4.)
The Court need not decide the date on which the limitations period began to run for the purpose of resolving defendant's motion to dismiss. Under Puerto Rico law, the filing of an action against one solidarily liable defendant tolls the statute as to all defendants solidarily liable with the first. Rodriguez v. Suzuki Motor Corp., 570 F.3d 402, 411 (1st Cir.2009); see also P.R. Laws Ann. tit. 31, § 5304 ("Interruption of prescription of actions in joint obligations equally benefits or injures all the creditors or debtors."); Tokyo Marine and Fire Ins. Co., Ltd., 142 F.3d at 3 ("the interruption of prescription against one defendant also tolls the statute against any other defendants who are solidarily liable with the first."); Rivera Otero v. Casco Sales Co., 15 P.R. Offic. Trans. 868, 868 (P.R.1984) (holding that the extrajudicial tolling of the statute of limitations with respect to one party affects all others jointly and severally liable in the same way). This rule applies "even when the plaintiff had knowledge of the existence and identity of the other co-defendants" and opted not to include them in the initial action. Garcia Colon v. Garcia Rinaldi, 340 F.Supp.2d 113, 126 (D.P.R.2004).
Plaintiff in this case filed suit against one co-defendant, Rio Mar Associates, Inc., on February 19, 2010, less than one year after the date of injury, thereby tolling the limitations period as to Rio Mar Associates, Inc. and any other solidarily liable party. (See Docket No. 10 at 6.) Plaintiff alleges that defendants WHMC and Rio Mar Associates, Inc. are solidarily responsible for plaintiffs injury. (Docket No. 1 at ¶ 18.) Accordingly, plaintiffs action against WHMC is not barred by the statute of limitations. Rodriguez, 570 F.3d at 411; Tokyo Marine and Fire Ins. Co., Ltd., 142 F.3d at 3; Cintron-Alonso v. GSA Caribbean Corp., 602 F.Supp.2d 319, 324 (D.P.R.2009); Garcia Colon, 340 F.Supp.2d at 126; Rivera Otero, 15 P.R. Offic. Trans. at 868.
III. Conclusion
For the reasons described above, defendant's motion to dismiss, (Docket No. 10), is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. Hannah L. Miller, a second-year student at University of Michigan Law School, assisted in the preparation of this Opinion and Order.
. "Solidarily liable" is "a term of art similar to, but not strictly synonymous" with, "jointly and severally liable." Tokyo Marine and Fire Ins. Co., Ltd., 142 F.3d at 4 n. 1 (holding that joint tortfeasors are solidarily liable). A party is solidarily liable for an injury when he is one of multiple actors that causes that injury. Id. at 6.