Case Name: Richard FRAME; Wendell Decker; Scott Updike; J.N., a minor, by his next friend and mother Gabriela Castro; Mark Hamman; Joey Salas, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF ARLINGTON, A Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellee
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2010-08-23
Citations: 616 F.3d 476
Docket Number: No. 08-10630
Parties: Richard FRAME; Wendell Decker; Scott Updike; J.N., a minor, by his next friend and mother Gabriela Castro; Mark Hamman; Joey Salas, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF ARLINGTON, A Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellee.
Judges: Before JOLLY, PRADO and SOUTHWICK, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: Federal Reporter 3d Series
Volume: 616
Pages: 476–496

Head Matter:
Richard FRAME; Wendell Decker; Scott Updike; J.N., a minor, by his next friend and mother Gabriela Castro; Mark Hamman; Joey Salas, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF ARLINGTON, A Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellee.
No. 08-10630.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
Aug. 23, 2010.
Miguel M. de la 0 (argued), de la 0, marko, Magolnick & Leyton, Miami, FL, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
Edwin Armstrong Price Voss, Jr. (argued), Brown & Hofmeister, L.L.P., Richardson, TX, Denise V. Wilkerson, Asst. City Atty., Arlington, TX, for DefendantAppellee.
Before JOLLY, PRADO and SOUTHWICK, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge:
The petition for rehearing is GRANTED. We withdraw our prior opinion, Frame v. City of Arlington, 575 F.3d 432 (5th Cir.2009), and substitute the following, which reflects substantial changes from the earlier opinion.
. This footnote gives the reader a glimpse of the differences between this opinion on rehearing and our first opinion. The district court initially dismissed the plaintiffs' complaint on statute of limitations grounds. On appeal, we vacated in part and remanded. We agreed that the plaintiffs' claims accrued upon completion or alteration of the noncom-pliant sidewalk, curb, or parking lot, but found that the City had the burden to prove expiration of the two-year limitations period. In so deciding, we accepted the plaintiffs' argument that violations of the regulations were actionable because sidewalks, curbs, and parking lots were "services" provided by the City. Judge Prado dissented, arguing that the statute of limitations was triggered by the plaintiffs' encounters with, not the City's completion of, noncompliant sidewalks, curbs, or parking lots. On petition for rehearing, the City argues we erred in concluding that sidewalks, curbs, and parking lots constitute "services" within the meaning of Title II. The plaintiffs argue that we erred in concluding that the statute of limitations is triggered by completion of a noncompliant sidewalk, curb, or parking lot. The plaintiffs contend that the statute of limitations is triggered by a handicapped person's most recent encounter with that sidewalk, curb, or parking lot. On rehearing, we hold that sidewalks, curbs, and parking lots are not Title II services, programs, or activities; thus, the plaintiffs lack a private right of action to enforce the regulations unless noncompliance has denied access to a service, program, or activity. Where a cause of action is established, the statute of limitations is triggered when the plaintiff knew or should have known that he or she was excluded from a city service, program, or activity.