Case Name: Alejandro MOLINARES, Appellant, v. EL CENTRO GALLEGO, INC., Appellee
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1989-06-06
Citations: 545 So. 2d 387
Docket Number: Nos. 87-2148, 87-1757
Parties: Alejandro MOLINARES, Appellant, v. EL CENTRO GALLEGO, INC., Appellee.
Judges: Before BARKDULL, HUBBART and BASKIN, JJ.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 545
Pages: 387–389

Head Matter:
Alejandro MOLINARES, Appellant, v. EL CENTRO GALLEGO, INC., Appellee.
Nos. 87-2148, 87-1757.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.
June 6, 1989.
Rehearing Denied July 21, 1989.
Horton, Perse & Ginsberg and Edward A. Perse and Arnold R. Ginsberg, Miami, Sadow, Lynne & Gonzalez, North Miami, for appellant.
Joe N. Unger, Kopplow & Flynn, Miami, for appellee.
Before BARKDULL, HUBBART and BASKIN, JJ.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
This is an appeal by the plaintiff Alejandro Molinares from an adverse final summary judgment in a premises liability negligence action. As he was preparing to enter the front entrance of the defendant El Centro Gallego, Inc.'s restaurant, the plaintiff was struck by a third-party motorist and received certain injuries after being pinned against the restaurant building; the motorist, who had parked her automobile directly in front of the restaurant, mistakenly propelled the automobile forward across the curbed sidewalk in front of the restaurant and struck the plaintiff. The plaintiff faults the defendant restaurant for failing to have parking stalls, markings, warning signs, bumpers, or guard rails in front of the restaurant.
We affirm the final summary judgment under review upon a holding that the defendant restaurant did not, as a matter of law, breach any duty of due care owed to the plaintiff as a business invitee under the circumstances of this case. We reach this result because, in our view, a business establishment satisfies its duty to provide a safe ingress or egress for its business invitees when, as here, (a) it provides a protective sidewalk with a two-inch curb between its business entrance and the asphalt area where motor vehicles may be driven in front of the subject entrance, and (b) there are no prior motor vehicle accidents involving its customers in front of its business entrance despite the protective sidewalk. In the absence of such a history of accidents, the business establishment is not required, as urged, to place bumpers, guard rails, or warning signs along the sidewalk or to place marked parking stalls directly in front of the building. Schatz v. 7-Eleven, Inc., 128 So.2d 901 (Fla. 1st DCA 1961); see also Tieder v. Little, 502 So.2d 923 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 511 So.2d 298, 300 (Fla.1987); Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc. v. Carn, 473 So.2d 742 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985), rev. denied, 484 So.2d 7 (Fla.1986); Food Fair, Inc. v. Gold, 464 So.2d 1228 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 476 So.2d 673 (Fla.1985); Cabals v. Elkins, 368 So.2d 96 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979); Krispy Kreme Doughnut Co. v. Cornett, 312 So.2d 771 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975), cert. denied, 330 So.2d 16 (Fla.1976); Jones v. Dowdy, 443 So.2d 467 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984).
We recognize that the result we reach in this case would be different if the sidewalk in front of the defendant's restaurant had been level with or otherwise flowed into the asphalt of the road surface next to the sidewalk — as, in that event, there would be no protective curb to provide safe ingress and egress for the business invitees of the defendant's restaurant. Thompson v. Ward Enters., 341 So.2d 837 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 351 So.2d 409 (Fla.1977); Johnson v. Hatoum, 239 So.2d 22 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970), cert. dismissed, 244 So.2d 740 (Fla.1971). We also recognize that our result would be different if there had been a prior history of motor vehicle accidents in front of the restaurant despite the protective sidewalk — as, in that event, the defendant would be on notice that its protective curb might be inadequate to protect its invitees from errant motorists. Cohen v. Schrider, 533 So.2d 859, 860 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988); see Gibson v. Avis Rent-A-Car Sys., 386 So.2d 520, 522-23 (Fla.1980); Nance v. Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc., 436 So.2d 1075, 1076-77 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), rev. denied, 447 So.2d 889 (Fla.1984); Homan v. County of Dade, 248 So.2d 235, 238 (Fla. 3d DCA 1971). We only conclude that much like most governmental entities which quite properly build curbed sidewalks along their streets without parallel barriers or bumpers to protect pedestrians from motorists driving in the street , a business establishment is similarly entitled to rely on the safety of a curbed sidewalk in front of its business to protect its invitees as they enter and exit the said business — at least in the absence of any pribr history of motor vehicle accidents involving its invitees in front of its business notwithstanding the protective sidewalk.
Affirmed.
BARKDULL and HUBBART, JJ., concur.
. We note that there was testimony below to the effect that many curbs leading from public roadways to public sidewalks range from eight to ten inches high; however, the fact that governmental entities might provide higher curbs than the two-inch one provided by the private business establishment herein makes no difference in our conclusion that the curb provided in this case satisfies any duty to protect pedestrian invitees where there is no history of other similar accidents at the location.