Case Name: Shawn BARBEE v. STATE of Arkansas
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 2001-10-11
Citations: 346 Ark. 185
Docket Number: CR 01-515
Parties: Shawn BARBEE v. STATE of Arkansas
Judges: ■ Glaze, Brown, and Imber, JJ., dissent.
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 346
Pages: 185–192

Head Matter:
Shawn BARBEE v. STATE of Arkansas
CR 01-515
56 S.W.3d 370
Supreme Court of Arkansas
Opinion delivered October 11, 2001
[Petition for rehearing denied November 15, 2001.]
Bridewell & Bridewell, by: Robert G. Bridewell, for appellant.
Mark Pryor, Att’y Gen., by: Michael C. Angel, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

Opinion:
W.H. "Dub" Arnold, Chief Justice.
Appellant, Shawn Barbee, petitioned for review from an unpublished court of appeals decision affirming revocation of his parole and imposition of a six-year sentence of imprisonment. We granted the petition for review and now. reverse the court of appeals and the trial court.
On March 17, 1997, appellant pled guilty to three counts of negligent homicide and was sentenced to five years' probation. One of the conditions of his probation was that his driver's license was revoked for a period of three years. On January 10, 2000, the State filed a petition to revoke appellant's probation, alleging that he had been driving during the period when his license was revoked. At the revocation hearing, appellant admitted that he had driven a vehicle, but he asserted that he had driven only after he was informed by the Chicot County Revenue Office that his driving record was clear and he was issued a valid driver's license.
The facts upon which appellant's probation was revoked are as follows. In December 1998, appellant went to the Chicot County Revenue Office to obtain an identification card in order to get his marriage license. The employee assisting him informed him that he had a "clean" driving record; therefore, he could only get a driver's license, not an identification card. Because of the conditions of his probation, appellant asked the clerk to check his record again; she did so and informed him that his driving privileges were not suspended. The State of Arkansas then issued appellant a valid driver's license. At the revocation hearing, the revenue office employee who issued appellant his driver's license testified that the information in the computer could not be manipulated and that she had no choice but to issue a driver's license to appellant because his license was not suspended.
On October 21, 1999, appellant was the driver of a car stopped by Lake Village Police Officer Jason Gregg, based on a report of a suspected drunken driver. Officer Gregg testified that he checked appellant's license, determined that it was valid, found no alcoholic beverages in the vehicle, and allowed him to drive away. Nevertheless, the State filed its petition to revoke appellant's probation based upon the fact that his driver's license had been revoked.
The trial judge found that appellant had violated the terms of his probation, revoked the probation, and sentenced him to six years' incarceration in the Arkansas Department of Correction. Appellant now appeals, arguing that the trial court was clearly erroneous in revoking his probation under Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-309 (Supp. 1999), for driving a vehicle after the reinstatement of his driver's license by the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration.
I. Standard of Review'
When we grant a petition for review pursuant to Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 2-4, we treat the appeal as if it were filed in this court originally. Yancey v. State, 345 Ark. 103, 44 S.W.3d 315 (2001); Tucker v. Roberts-McNutt, Inc., 342 Ark. 511, 29 S.W.3d 706 (2000); Fowler v. State, 339 Ark. 207, 5 S.W.3d 10 (1999); Travis v. State, 331 Ark. 7, 959 S.W.2d 32 (1998). A trial court may revoke a defendant's probation if it finds by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant has inexcusably failed to comply with a condition of his probation. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-309(d). In probation-revocation proceedings, the State has the burden of proving that appellant violated the terms of his probation, as alleged in the revocation petition, by a preponderance of the evidence, and this Court will not reverse the trial court's decision to revoke probation unless it is clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. Lemons v. State, 310 Ark. 631, 951 S.W.2d 559 (1997).
II. Miner v. State
In affirming the trial court, the Arkansas Court of Appeals cited Miner v. State, 342 Ark. 283, 27 S.W.3d 280 (2000), and declined to reach appellant's' argument because he did not request a directed verdict and dismissal until after he was sentenced. In Miner, supra, this Court applied the requirements of Ark. R. Crim. P. 33.1 (2000) to revocation hearings so that motions for directed verdict and to dismiss must be requested after presentation of all the evidence, just as in non-jury trials. Appellant asks that this Court reconsider its holding in Miner; or, in the alternative, modify Miner so that it does not affect cases decided before April 26, 2000, the date of the Miner decision.
Appellant points out that Miner, supra, was decided after his revocation hearing. Appellant reminds the Court that revocations are not like "trials" specified in Ark. R. Crim. P. 33.1, where the rules of evidence do apply and the burden of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt. Indeed, revocation hearings are informal hearings, where rules of evidence are not followed and the burden of proof is by a preponderance of the evidence.
The State maintains that Miner should apply and that appellant's argument was not preserved for appeal. The State asserts that Miner did not create new law, but simply interpreted Rule 33.1(b). Rule 33.1 had been amended on April 8, 1999, to require a defendant to make timely motions for directed verdict and dismissal in non-jury trials, just as in jury trials — at the end of the evidence. This Court, in a 5-2 decision on April 26, 2000, in the Miner case, interpreted this amendment to apply to revocation hearings, as well. Appellant's revocation hearing was held on January 31, 2000, indeed after the effective date of the amendment of Rule 33.1, but before this Court interpreted same to be applicable to revocation hearings. We now reconsider our holding in Miner and find appellant's argument persuasive.
We hold that our decision in Miner, supra, was incorrect; as such, we hold that Ark. R. Crim. P. 33.1 and the requirements thereof, pertaining to motions for dismissal and directed verdicts, do not apply to revocation hearings. Consequently, we hold that appellant's motion for directed verdict made after sentencing was proper and did preserve his argument for appeal.
III. Failure to Comply with Terms of Probation
Appellant asserts that the basis for revocation in this case was not his fault, that the evidence showed that he had been an exemplary probationer, and that the trial court noted that he was "tremendously rehabilitated." Citing Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-309(d), he argues that he did not inexcusably fail to comply with a condition of his probation. We agree.
The term "inexcusable" is defined as "incapable of being excused or justified — Syn. unpardonable, unforgivable, intolerable." Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary 977 (1996). Certainly, the facts of this case are unique, and the resulting six-year prison term is unduly harsh. Appellant was a model probationer whom the trial court admitted was "tremendously rehabilitated." He was incorrectly given a driver's license by the State, although he only attempted to obtain an identification card in order to get a marriage license. Appellant relied upon the revenue office clerk's information that his driver's license was not suspended; and, although he did drive during the period of his probation, he received no traffic citations and committed no further criminal activity. He complied with every other term of his probation. Surely, his reliance upon the State revenue office that he was allowed to have a driver's license, after he asked the clerk to check again to be sure, would constitute forgivable, pardonable, excusable behavior for his failure to strictly comply with the terms of his probation. As such, given the unique facts of this case, we reverse and remand the case to the trial court, thereby reversing and remanding the court of appeals' opinion.
Reversed and remanded.
Glaze, Brown, and Imber, JJ., dissent.