Case Name: Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co. v. The State
Court: Tennessee Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Tennessee
Decision Date: 1859-12
Citations: 3 Head 523
Docket Number: 
Parties: Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co. v. The State.
Judges: 
Reporter: Tennessee Reports
Volume: 40
Pages: 523–525

Head Matter:
Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co. v. The State.
1. Criminal Law. A corporation may be indicted. It is well settled, hoth in England and America, that a corporation may be indicted.
2. Same. Public roads — obstruction of, by railroad companies. Railroad companies may be indicted and fined for obstructing a public highway contrary to the powers granted in their charter.
3. Railroad Company. Power to construct their road across a public highway. A railroad company must, if possible, construct their road without any inconvenience to the public; but, if this cannot be done, it must be constructed with the least possible inconvenience. If a bridge or substituted road be necessary to prevent the obstruction, the company must build it in a reasonable time, and cannot delay it until their road is completed.
PROM DAVIDSON.
The plaintiff in error in constructing their road through Edgefield, made a cut across Spring street, rendering it impassable at that point. No bridge or substituted road was built to avoid this obstruction. Yerdict and judgment, at the August Term, 1859, against the company, TURNER, J., presiding.
J. 0. Thompson and N. S. Brown, for the company.
Head, Attorney General, for the State.

Opinion:
Wright, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court.
That a corporation may be indicted, has been repeatedly held in England and America,'and is well settled in this State. It can no more omit its duty to individuals, or the public, than natural persons. Railway companies are liable to indictment for obstructing a public highway contrary to the powers granted in their act. For instance, obstructing a carriage turnpike road, by the piers of a railway bridge. So also for cutting off a public highway, and obstructing travel upon it, without, and before, constructing a substitute, in the manner required by their act. Undoubtedly, so long as the company keeps within its charter, it is not liable. As to the power which a railway company has to make a road over, or across a public highway, the law is, that if possible, the work must be -constructed without any inconvenience to the public ; but if it cannot be done without some inconvenience, it must be done with the least possible inconvenience. This is so, whether the obstruction of the highway be expressly prohibited in the charter or not. If a bridge, or a substituted road be necessary to prevent the obstruction, the railway company must build it immediately, or in a reasonable time, and cannot delay it till their road is completed. The company must so use their own rights as not to injure or take away the rights of others. Redfield on Railways, 515-518. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. The Erie and Northeast Railroad Company, 27 Penn. State Rep., 339.
These authorities and principles are decisive of this case. Here the obstruction of Spring street, a public highway in the town of Edgefield, had been, according to the- finding of the jury, kept up by the defendant, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company, for more than three years, by the intersection of the highway with its road, and when a bridge would have removed the nuisance. This it was the duty of the company to have built, not only under the general principles of the common law, but by the terms of its charter, in which it was made its duty, so to construct its road across a public road or highway, as not to impede the passage of persons, or property, along the same; and in which it was expressly prohibited from obstructing any public road, without constructing another as convenient as may be.
We do not deem it necessary in this case, to discuss the manner in which a corporation, under our practice, may be coerced to appear to an-indictment, because it may appear by attorney, and did so in this ease, which removes all difficulty. Note 2 to Redfield on Railways, 515, 516.
The judgment of the Criminal Court will be affirmed.