Case Name: Michael BLACKNALL, Appellant, v. Christopher CITARELLA; Steven Georgalas; William V. Leveroni; Thomas V. Fotigante; John Doe Ziperson; Joseph W. Oxley; Monmouth County Sheriff Department; Monmouth County; Gary J. Hilton; Clifford Daniels; Monmouth County Correctional Facility; Dorthy H. Avallone; Township of Freehold; Freehold Township Police Department; John Doe, Chief of Police; Lawrence Loos; Jane Vitulli; Jerry Kiwit; Michael Smith, all in their Individual and Official Capacities
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-01-31
Citations: 168 F. App'x 489
Docket Number: No. 05-3694
Parties: Michael BLACKNALL, Appellant, v. Christopher CITARELLA; Steven Georgalas; William V. Leveroni; Thomas V. Fotigante; John Doe Ziperson; Joseph W. Oxley; Monmouth County Sheriff Department; Monmouth County; Gary J. Hilton; Clifford Daniels; Monmouth County Correctional Facility; Dorthy H. Avallone; Township of Freehold; Freehold Township Police Department; John Doe, Chief of Police; Lawrence Loos; Jane Vitulli; Jerry Kiwit; Michael Smith, all in their Individual and Official Capacities.
Judges: Before: RENDELL, AMBRO and BECKER, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 168
Pages: 489–492

Head Matter:
Michael BLACKNALL, Appellant, v. Christopher CITARELLA; Steven Georgalas; William V. Leveroni; Thomas V. Fotigante; John Doe Ziperson; Joseph W. Oxley; Monmouth County Sheriff Department; Monmouth County; Gary J. Hilton; Clifford Daniels; Monmouth County Correctional Facility; Dorthy H. Avallone; Township of Freehold; Freehold Township Police Department; John Doe, Chief of Police; Lawrence Loos; Jane Vitulli; Jerry Kiwit; Michael Smith, all in their Individual and Official Capacities.
No. 05-3694.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Filed Jan. 31, 2006.
Submitted for Possible Dismissal Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or Summary Action . Under Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6 Jan. 26, 2006.
Michael Blacknall, Rahway, NJ, pro se.
Linda G. Jones, Cleary, Alfieri, Jones & Hoyle, Matawan, NJ, Donald L. Beekman, Ocean Grove, NJ, Walter F. Kawalee, III, Marshall, Dennehey, Warner, Coleman & Goggin, Cherry Hill, NJ, for Appellees.
Before: RENDELL, AMBRO and BECKER, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
OPINION OF THE COURT
PER CURIAM.
On April 29, 2000, Michael Blacknall was arrested by Monmouth County Corrections Officer Christopher Citarella outside the VFW Hall in Freehold Township, New Jersey. On February 15, 2001, following a jury trial, Blacknall was convicted in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Monmouth County, of third-degree aggravated assault on a police officer and third-degree resisting arrest. Blacknall was sentenced to a term of five years' imprisonment, with a two-year parole disqualifier.
On April 10, 2002, Blacknall submitted the underlying pro se complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and § 1985 in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. In his complaint, Blacknall alleged that the defendants violated his civil rights during his arrest and trial. Specifically, Blacknall alleged claims of false arrest or imprisonment, excessive force, perjury and falsification of evidence, failure to train, and conspiracy. Blacknall sought declaratory and injunctive relief, as well as compensatory and punitive damages. In answering Blacknall's complaint, the defendants asserted cross-claims for contribution and indemnification, and eventually moved for summary judgment based upon the doctrine of issue preclusion.
By orders entered June 3, 2003, and July 10, 2003, the District Court granted the defendants' motions for summary judgment, concluding that Blacknall's claims were barred by issue preclusion. Blacknall appealed. See C.A. No. 03-2712. However, defendant Steven Georgalas' motion for summary judgment, as well as the defendants' cross-claims, remained pend ing in the District Court. Thus, on March 2, 2004, this Court dismissed Blacknall's appeal for lack of appellate jurisdiction. Blacknall then returned to the District Court, filing a motion for certification of judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(b). By order entered July 19, 2005, the District Court denied Blacknall's Rule 54(b) motion as moot, dismissed the defendants' cross-claims, and granted Steven Georgalas' motion for summary judgment. This timely appeal followed.
This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We subject the District Court's grant of summary judgment to plenary review, and apply the same standard as the District Court. McLeod v. Hartford Life and Acc. Ins. Co., 372 F.3d 618, 623 (3d Cir.2004). We may affirm the District Court on any grounds supported by the record. See Nicini v. Morra, 212 F.3d 798, 805 (3d Cir.2000) (en banc). Because this appeal presents no "substantial question," we will summarily affirm the District Court's July 19, 2005, order.3d Cir. LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6.
Blacknall's claim of false arrest or false imprisonment is barred by Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 481, 114 S.Ct. 2364, 129 L.Ed.2d 383 (1994) (holding that a litigant cannot proceed under § 1983 if success on his claim would necessarily imply the invalidity of the fact or duration of his conviction or sentence). Blacknall alleges that his April 29, 2000, arrest and imprisonment were unlawful. Blacknall, however, was indicted, tried, and convicted of third-degree resisting arrest which required proof that Blacknall prevented a law enforcement officer from effecting a lawful arrest by using or threatening to use physical force or violence against an officer. See N.J.S.A. 2C: 29-2(a)(3). Therefore, because Blacknall would have to negate an element of third-degree resisting arrest, an offense of which he has been convicted, in order to prevail on his claim of false arrest or imprisonment, his claim is barred by Heck. See Heck, 512 U.S. at 487, n. 6,114 S.Ct. 2364.
An excessive force claim requires proof that the officers' conduct was objectively unreasonable, considering several factors. See, e.g., Carswell v. Borough of Homestead, 381 F.3d 235, 240 (3d Cir. 2004) (the standard of reasonableness assesses the circumstances "from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene") (citations and quotations omitted). These factors include: the severity of the crime, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat, and whether the suspect is resisting arrest. Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 396, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 104 L.Ed.2d 443 (1989). Further, "[n]ot every push or shove, even if it later may seem unnecessary in the peace of a judge's chambers' violates the Fourth Amendment" Id. (internal quotations and citation omitted). Here, officers responded to sounds of gunfire at the VFW Hall. In attempting to locate the weapon or weapons, Officer Citarella initiated contact with Blacknall. The record clearly shows that Blacknall was acting belligerently, cursing and refusing to follow directions. The situation escalated, and Blacknall hit Officer Citarella in the face. At that point, Officer Citarella pulled Blacknall to the ground with a "leg sweep," scratching Blacknall's face in the process. Under these circumstances, where he responded with minimal force to a physical attack, Officer Citarella's actions were reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.
Blacknall's claim that Officers Citarella and Georgalas filed false incident reports and offered perjured testimony at his state trial is likewise without merit. Although Blacknall's version of the events of April 29, 2000, differs from that of the officers, Blacknall's assertion that their in cident reports were intentionally false is conclusory and wholly unsupported by evidence in the record. Moreover, it is well-settled that police officers are absolutely immune from § 1983 suits for damages for giving allegedly perjured testimony at a criminal trial. Briscoe v. LaHue, 460 U.S. 325, 103 S.Ct. 1108, 75 L.Ed.2d 96 (1983).
We next conclude that Blacknall's claim that the supervisory defendants failed to adequately train Officers Citarella, Georgalas, and Leveroni lacks merit. "A supervising authority may be liable under § 1983 for failing to train police officers when the failure to train demonstrates deliberate indifference to the constitutional rights of those with whom the officers may come into contact." Gilles v. Davis, 427 F.3d 197, 207 n. 7 (3d Cir. 2005) (citing City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 388, 109 S.Ct. 1197, 103 L.Ed.2d 412 (1989)). But to establish liability on a failure to train claim under § 1983, a plaintiff "must identify a failure to provide specific training that has a causal nexus with [his] injuries and must demonstrate that the absence of that specific training can reasonably be said to reflect a deliberate indifference to whether the alleged constitutional deprivations occurred." Reitz v. County of Bucks, 125 F.3d 139, 145 (3d Cir.1997). Because Blacknall failed to make this showing, the supervisory defendants were entitled to summary judgment on his failure to train claim.
Finally, to the extent that Blacknall alleged a conspiracy, his claim lacks merit because it rests solely upon subjective suspicions and speculation, and is unsupported by any allegation or evidence of race-based animus. See Griffin v. Breckenridge, 403 U.S. 88, 102-03, 91 S.Ct. 1790, 29 L.Ed.2d 338 (1971); see also Young v. Kann, 926 F.2d 1396, 1405 (3d Cir.1991).
For the foregoing reasons, we will summarily affirm the District Court's July 19, 2005 order.
. Shortly after his arrest, Blacknall filed a simple assault complaint against Officer Citarella based on the events of April 29, 2000. Following a hearing in Freehold County Municipal Court, the complaint against Officer Citarella was dismissed for lack of probable cause. Blacknall did not appeal.