Case Name: The People of the State of New York ex rel. Matthias J. Calihan, Appellant, v. Charles L. Hunt, County Clerk of Monroe County and the Custodian of Primary Records in and for the City of Rochester and County of Monroe, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1902
Citations: 75 A.D. 33
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People of the State of New York ex rel. Matthias J. Calihan, Appellant, v. Charles L. Hunt, County Clerk of Monroe County and the Custodian of Primary Records in and for the City of Rochester and County of Monroe, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 75
Pages: 33–38

Head Matter:
The People of the State of New York ex rel. Matthias J. Calihan, Appellant, v. Charles L. Hunt, County Clerk of Monroe County and the Custodian of Primary Records in and for the City of Rochester and County of Monroe, Respondent.
Certificate of nomination — the custodian of primary records acts ministerially — he has no right to assume undei' a statement that Dr. John J. Dvans received 183 votes and, John Means 9 that they were the same person — nor to act upon affidavits explaining the statement.
The duty imposed upon the custodian of primary records by subdivision 4 of the Primary Election Law (Laws of 1899, chap. 473) to deliver the certificate of nomination to the person who, by the statement filed and canvassed is shown to have been nominated, is ministerial and not judicial, and he has no power 'to receive or act upon any affidavits tending to explain, vary or contradict the. statement itself, nor has the court any power to receive or consider such affidavits in a proceeding instituted under section 11 of the Primary Election Law to review the action of the custodian of primary records in refusing to issue a certificate of nomination to the relator.
Where, by the statement filed with the custodian of county records, it appears that Matthias J. Caliban received 186 votes, Dr. John J. Evans 183, John Evans 9, M. J. Caliban 1, and James F. Pool 1, the custodian of primary records has no power to credit Dr. John J. Evans with the 9 votes received for John Evans and to award the certificate of nomination to Dr. John J. Evans, as, in the absence of evidence outside the statement, he was bound to act upon the theory that the different names represented different persons.
Appeal by the relator, Matthias J. Calihan, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the Monroe Special Term and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Monroe on the 4th day of October, 1901, vacating an order directing the issuance -of a peremptory writ of mandamus, with ninety dollars costs. ■
William H. Driscoll and James M. E. O'Grady, for the-appellant.
William A. Sutherland, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Williams, J.
The order appealed from should be reversed, with costs to appellant, and the motion granted, with costs.
' The order vacated directed that a peremptory writ of mandamus issue, directed to the county clerk, commanding him forthwith to issue and deliver to' the appellant a certificate of his' nomination as alderman of the second ward of the city of Bochester' on the Bepublicati ticket, in accordance with the primary election held in that ward,- or to show cause to the contrary, at a term of the Supreme Court, and that the clerk issue no certificate until the termination of the order. The order appealed from was made after a hearing upon this order to show cause.
The order to show cause was based upon the affidavits of the appellant and three other persons with reference- to the proceedings had at the primary election in question as to the result thereof, the statements made by the inspectors and- filed with the county clerk and the refusal of the clerk to issue to appellant his certificate of nomination. Upon the hearing of the order to show cause other affidavits were read in behalf of appellant upon the same subjects. Affidavits were also read upon the same subjects in opposition on the part of the respondent and the person claiming the nomination against appellant. The respondent also returned the statement filed in his office by the inspectors who acted at the primary election in question.
The proceedings were commenced under section 11 of the Primary Election Law (Law's of 1899, chap. 473) which among other things provides that '"Any action or neglect of "x' any public officer- with regard- to any right given to, or duty prescribed for-any- officer by this act, shall be reviewable by the-appropriate remedy of mandamus or certiorari, as the case may require. In addition- thereto, the Supreme Court, or any justice thereof within the judicial district shall have summary jurisdiction, upon- complaint of any citizen, to review such action or neglect."
Apparently the only authority given to the court or .any justice thereof is to review the action or neglect complained of; which is in this .case that of the county clerk. It was said he should have issued a certificate of nomination to the appellant and that he neglected and refused to do so. If it was the clerk's duty, under the law, to issue the certificate, then the court had power, and it was its duty, to compel such action by mandamus. Otherwise not.
By section 8, subdivision 2, of the Primary Election Law it is provided that " immediately upon the completion of (the) canvass, the board of primary inspectors in each primary district shall make public oral proclamation of the result thereof, and shall make a written statement of such result, and also a duplicaté thereof, ' * Immediately after the completion of such statements, such board shall file the original thereof with the custodian of primary records (the county clerk in this case, under section 2 of the law), and shall file the duplicate statement with the clerk of the city."
And by subdivision 4 of the same section it is provided that " The .custodian of primary records shall forthwith proceed to canvass the statements so filed and shall prepare certified1 statements of the result. Such custodian shall also promptly deliver, upon demand, to any person, who by the statements so filed and canvassed is shown to have been nominated, as a candidate for public office, a certificate of such nomination. Upon filing such certificate in the proper office and at the proper time prior to election day, a person nominated for public office at such primary election shall be entitled to have his name printed upon the official ballot of his party. "
Under these provisions the county clerk was required to act ministerially and not judicially, He could only act upon the statements filed with him. He was to deliver to the person who, by the statements filed and canvassed, was shown to have been nominated a certificate of such nomination. He could not receive or act upon any affidavits tending to explain or vary or contradict the statements themselves. Authority is hardly necessary for these propositions. The rule should be .the same as in the canvass of statements under the General Election Law (Laws of 1896, chap. 909, as amd.). (People ex. rel. Noyes v. Board of Canvassers, 126 N. Y. 392; People ex rel. Derby v. Rice, 129 id. 461.)
Inasmuch as the court had power merely to review the action of the clerk, to determine whether he acted correctly in canvassing the statement filed with him, and in determining the result, and in-refusing the appellant a certificate of nomination, it necessarily follows that no affidavits conld be received or acted upon by the court on the hearing of the order to show cause to explain, vary or contradict the statement canvassed by the clerk, or the result arrived at by him, as to the person to whom the certificate of nomination" should be delivered. The clerk acted alone on the statement canvassed. The court could only say whether he acted properly upon such statement alone. . All the' affidavits, therefore, used upon the hearing of the order to show cause were improperly before the court below. - This was the view taken by that court, and although in the opinion there was some consideration of the facts, the decision was made to rest in the end solely upon the question whether the clerk arrived at a proper result, acting alone upon the statement filed with him by the inspectors of the primary election.
This statement was returned by the clerk and was before- the court, and it stated in brief that for the office of alderman in ques-. tion the whole number of votes cast was 379, of which Matthias J. Calihan received 186, Dr. John J. Evans received 182, John Evans received 9, M. J. Calihan received 1, James F.. Pool received 1.
The clerk credited Matthias J. Calihan with the 1 vote received for M. J. Calihan, making his total 187, and credited Dr. John . J. Evans with the 9 votes received for John Evans, making his total 191, and, therefore, refused the certificate to Calihan, the appellant. The only question is whether, legally, Dr. Evans was entitled to be credited with the 9 votes received for John Evans. The court below held that he was so entitled, quoting as authority therefor from People ex rel. Smith v. Pease (27 N. Y. 45) as follows: " According, to well-settled rules the board of canvassers erred in refusing to allow to the relator the nineteen votes given for Moses Smith and M. M.. Smith,- the addition of which to his unquestioned vote, would have given him four majority over the defendant." The real name was Hoses M. Smith. Judge Selden cited for the proposition quoted People ex rel. Yates v. Ferguson (8 Cow. 102) and People ex rel. Eastman v. Seaman (5 Den. 409).
All of these cases were actions brought in the nature of quo warranto, and in all of them evidence was given outside the statements canvassed, upon which the verdict of the jury was based, tending to show that the ballots in question were intended by the voters for the relator.
Thus in the Smith-Pease Case {supra) it was shown that there was no other man in the county known as H. M. Smith and that relator was accustomed in his business to sign his name as H. H. Smith.
In such an action the court could go behind the statement and return, take evidence and ascertain the real facts, and this was done in that case, and it was held that Moses M. Smith was entitled to the votes given for M. M. Smith and Moses Smith because the facts so proven entitled him thereto. The passage quoted from Judge Selden's opinion was, therefore, unnecessary to a decision of that case, and does not seem to have been supported by the cases cited. So in the Yates-Ferguson Case (supra) evidence was given tending to show that the relator, Henry Frey Yates,.was known also by the name of Frey Yates and H. F. Yates, and it was determined that the relator was entitled to the votes received for Frey and II. F. Yates, because they were so intended by the voters.
The court, Savage, Oh. J., said in his opinion, " when we ¡permitted an information to be tiled in this case, it was represented to us that the ballots containing the designation H. F. Yates were intended for the relator. The canvassers had acted upon the idea that they designated scone other person. They had no means of examining witnesses or of receiving any evidence beside what was upon the ballot itself. Courts and juries are not so restricted. They possess more ample means to determine any fact which is left in uncertainty ; and in my judgment the learned judge erred in applying the same rule to an investigation by a court and jury which is applicable to a tribunal who do not possess the power of examining witnesses upon oath. From an inspection of the paper itself it might well be doubted whether II. F. Yates o'epresented Heovry Frey Yates or some other Yates whose Christian oxame was repre^-. . sented by the same, letters, amd the canvassers as a board were not bownd to know that no other mam of the name of Yiteswas a camdidate for the office of coumty clerk. But a court and jury can learn from testimony facts and circumstances which may lead to the irresistible conclusion that those votes were intended for the relator and no other. That the relator frequently subscribed his name H. P. Yates ; that he had formerly been clerk and then was a candidate for that office; that people generally would apply those letters to the relator, and that no other person was known in the county to whom those initials were applicable, were facts which, if proven, would justify the jury in finding that those votes were intended and given for the relator."
This case was followed in the Eastman-Seamam case {supra) where ballots given for J. ft. Eastman were held to be valid ballots for John ft. Eastman upon a finding by a jury, upon evidence outside the statements canvassed, that- they were so intended by the voters;
We are aware of no authority for the rule which seems to have been adopted in this case by the clerk and approved by the court below that the votes received for John Evans must be or might be assumed to have been intended for Dr. John J. Evans.
In the absence of all evidence outside the statement by the inspectors the clerk was not bound to assume and he 'could not assume that there was no' man who was a candidate for alderman and known as John Evans besides the person whose true name was Dr. John J. Evans. He was bound to act upon -the theory that the two names represented two different persons, and he had no legal right to credit Dr., John J. Evans with the nine ballots received for John Evans.
His refusal, therefore, to issue the certificate of nomination to the appellant was a neglect of duty which the court below should have remedied by the mandamus sought for.
We conclude, therefore, that the order appealed from should be reversed, with costs to the appellant, and the motion for a peremptory mandamus granted, with costs.
Adams, P. J., McLennan-, Spring and Hiscock, JJ., concurred.-
Order appealed from" reversed, with costs • of this appeal to the appellant, and motion granted, with ten dollars costs.