Case Name: In re FOAMEX INTERNATIONAL INC., Reorganized Debtor. The Bank of New York, as Indenture Trustee, Appellant, v. Foamex International Inc., Appellee
Court: United States District Court for the District of Delaware
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2008-02-28
Citations: 382 B.R. 867
Docket Number: No. 05-12685-KG; Civil Action No. 07-212-JJF
Parties: In re FOAMEX INTERNATIONAL INC., Reorganized Debtor. The Bank of New York, as Indenture Trustee, Appellant, v. Foamex International Inc., Appellee.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Bankruptcy Reporter
Volume: 382
Pages: 867–871

Head Matter:
In re FOAMEX INTERNATIONAL INC., Reorganized Debtor. The Bank of New York, as Indenture Trustee, Appellant, v. Foamex International Inc., Appellee.
No. 05-12685-KG.
Civil Action No. 07-212-JJF.
United States District Court, D. Delaware.
Feb. 28, 2008.
Glenn E. Siegel, Esquire; Ross L. Hirsch, Esquire and Davin J. Hall, Esquire of Dechert LLP, NY, New York. Laurie Selber Silverstein, Esquire and Gabriel R. MacConaill, Esquire of Potter Anderson & Corroon LLP, Wilmington, DE, for Appellant.
Pauline K. Morgan, Esquire; Joseph M. Barry, Esquire and Kenneth J. Enos, Es quire of Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP, Wilmington, DE, for Appellee.

Opinion:
MEMORANDUM OPINION
JOSEPH J. FAENAN, JR., District Judge.
Pending before the Court is an appeal from the March 23, 2007 Order Denying The Request Of -The Bank Of New York, As Indenture Trustee, To Compel The Reorganized Debtors To Pay Post-Maturity Compound Interest On The 2005 Notes (the "Order") issued by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the "Bankruptcy Court"). For the reasons discussed, the Court will reverse the Bankruptcy Court's Order.
I. THE PARTIES' CONTENTIONS
By its appeal, Appellant, The Bank of New York ("BNY") contends that the Bankruptcy Court erred in concluding that the Indenture dated December 23, 1997 (the "2005 Notes Indenture") did not require the Reorganized Debtors to pay BNY post-maturity interest on overdue installments of interest ("compound interest") as a result of the Reorganized Debt- or's payment default. BNY contends that under New York law, if a note provides for interest to accrue on an unpaid balance, then interest continues to accrue in the manner set forth in the note after the stated maturity date and until the outstanding principal balance is paid. BNY contends that the Reorganized Debtors failure to pay principal on the August 15, 2005 maturity date triggered the default rate of 14.5% interest on outstanding principal and missed interest payments. Because the 2005 Notes were left unimpaired under the Debtors' confirmed Second Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code (the "Plan"), BNY contends that the Reorganized Debtors are contractually bound by the terms of the 2005 Notes Indenture to pay the compound interest.
In response, the Reorganized Debtors contend that the governing documents, the 2005 Subordinated Notes and the 2005 Notes Indenture, do not expressly provide for the payment of post-maturity compound interest. The Reorganized Debtors further contend that compound interest is disfavored under New York law, and the cases cited by BNY do not support BNY's position. Because the 2005 Notes Indenture only requires the payment of simple post-maturity interest, the Reorganized Debtors contend that the 2005 Notes Indenture has not been impaired.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court has jurisdiction to hear an appeal from the Bankruptcy Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 158(a). In undertaking a review of the issues on appeal, the Court applies a clearly erroneous standard to the Bankruptcy Court's findings of fact and a plenary standard to its legal conclusions. See Am. Flint Glass Workers Union v. Anchor Resolution Corp., 197 F.3d 76, 80 (3d Cir.1999). With mixed questions of law and fact, the Court must accept the Bankruptcy Court's finding of "historical or narrative facts unless clearly erroneous, but exercise[s] 'plenary review of the trial court's choice and interpretation of legal precepts and its application of those precepts to the historical facts.' " Mellon Bank, N.A. v. Metro Communications, Inc., 945 F.2d 635, 642 (3d Cir.1991) (citing Universal Minerals, Inc. v. C.A. Hughes & Co., 669 F.2d 98, 101-02 (3d Cir.1981)). The appellate responsibilities of the Court are further understood by the jurisdiction exercised by the Third Circuit, which focuses and reviews the Bankruptcy Court decision on a de novo basis in the first instance. In re Telegroup, 281 F.3d 133, 136 (3d Cir.2002).
III. DISCUSSION
There is no dispute that the governing documents in this case are to be construed in accordance with New York law. Under New York law, compound interest is disfavored, see e.g. Rourke v. Fred H. Thomas Assoc., 162 Misc.2d 41, 616 N.Y.S.2d 160, 162 (N.Y.Sup.Ct.1994), and is not recoverable unless the governing documents expressly and specifically set forth an entitlement to compound in terest. In re Marfin Ready Mix Corp., 220 B.R. 148, 159 (Bankr.E.D.N.Y.1998); Gutman v. Savas, 17 A.D.3d 278, 279, 793 N.Y.S.2d 424 (N.Y.App. Div., 1st Dep't 2005); In re City of New York, 824 N.Y.S.2d 768 (N.Y.Sup.Ct. Aug. 24, 2006). As a matter of law, compound interest cannot be implied in an agreement. Rourke v. Fred H. Thomas Assoc., 216 A.D.2d 717, 718, 627 N.Y.S.2d 831 (N.Y.App. Div., 3rd Dep't 1995). However, in a long line of cases, New York courts have concluded that where a contract provides for interest to continue to accrue "until the principal is paid," those provisions constitute' an express requirement that the interest terms continue to apply until the principal is actually paid, even if that payment occurs after the note's maturity. See e.g., O'Brien v. Young, 95 N.Y. 428, 430 (1884); accord European American Bank v. Peddlers Pond Holding Corp., 185 A.D.2d 805, 586 N.Y.S.2d 637 (N.Y.1992); Citibank, N.A. v. Liebowitz, 110 A.D.2d 615, 487 N.Y.S.2d 368 (N.Y.1985).
It is undisputed that prior to maturity, the 2005 Notes Indenture require the payment of compound interest. The issue here, is whether the payment of compound interest continues after maturity. In this case, the 2005 Notes Indenture contains two provisions which are, in the Court's view, equivalent to the "until paid" language recognized by New York courts as sufficient to evidence an express agreement to" continue the payment of compound interest post-maturity. The first provision is Section 8.1 which provides that "the Issuer's [payment] obligations in Section 4.1 . shall survive until the Notes are no longer outstanding." (D.I. 7 at A13). The second provision is Section 2.8, which provides: "If the principal amount of any Note is considered paid under Section 4.1 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue." (D.I. 7 at A07). In the Court's view, New York law requires these provisions to be construed as providing for the continuation of compound interest payments as required in the 2005 Notes Indenture, until the principal is paid in full, regardless of whether that full payment occurs subsequent to the Note's maturity date. O'Brien, 95 N.Y. at 430; see also 72 N.Y. Jur.2d Interest and Usury § 23; In re Best Payphones, Inc., 2003 WL 1089525 at *5-6, 2003 Bankr.LEXIS 180 at *19 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y. Mar. 10, 2003). Accordingly, the Court concludes that the Bankruptcy Court's interpretation of the 2005 Notes Indenture was erroneous as a matter of law.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed, the Court will reverse the Bankruptcy Court's March 23, 2005 Order.
An appropriate Order will be entered.
FINAL ORDER
At Wilmington, this 28th day of February 2008, for the reasons set forth in the Memorandum Opinion issued this date;
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Bankruptcy Court's March 23, 2007 Order Denying The Request Of The Bank Of New York, As Indenture Trustee, To Compel The Reorganized Debtors To Pay PosL-Maturity Compound Interest On The 2005 Notes (the "Order") is REVERSED.
. The Court acknowledges that this approach is not the approach taken by Courts within this circuit, see e.g., In re Grayboyes, 2006 WL 437546, *9, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6671, *34 (E.D.Pa. Feb. 22, 2006); In re Dilts, 143 B.R. 644 (Bankr.W.D.Pa.1992); however, New York law is controlling here. Therefore, the Court cannot rely upon the contrary cases cited by the Reorganized Debtors from other jurisdictions.