Case Name: Buckeye Foods, Appellant, v. Cuyahoga County Board of Revision et al., Appellees
Court: Supreme Court of Ohio
Jurisdiction: Ohio
Decision Date: 1997-05-21
Citations: 78 Ohio St. 3d 459
Docket Number: Nos. 96-1577, 96-1578, 96-1579 and 96-1580
Parties: Buckeye Foods, Appellant, v. Cuyahoga County Board of Revision et al., Appellees.
Judges: Moyer, C.J., Douglas, Resnick, F.E. Sweeney, Pfeifer, Cook and Lundberg Stratton, JJ., concur.
Reporter: Ohio State Reports, Third Service
Volume: 78
Pages: 459–463

Head Matter:
Buckeye Foods, Appellant, v. Cuyahoga County Board of Revision et al., Appellees.
[Cite as Buckeye Foods v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 459.]
(Nos. 96-1577, 96-1578, 96-1579 and 96-1580
Submitted January 14, 1997
Decided May 21, 1997.)
Arter & Hadden and Karen H. Bauemschmidt, for appellant.
Armstrong, Mitchell & Damiani, Timothy J. Armstrong and Victor V Anselmo, for appellee Cleveland Board of Education.
Stephanie Tubbs Jones, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting Attorney, and David G. Lambert, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellees Cuyahoga County Board of Revision and Cuyahoga County Auditor.

Opinion:
Per Curiam.
Buckeye Foods, first, claims that Cleveland waived the standing issue by not raising it at the BOR, its first opportunity to challenge Buckeye Foods' status. Cleveland replies that standing is jurisdictional and cannot be waived. We agree with Cleveland.
According to New Boston Coke Corp. v. Tyler (1987), 32 Ohio St.3d 216, 218, 513 N.E.2d 302, 305, " the issue of standing, inasmuch as it is jurisdictional in nature, may be raised at any time during the pendency of the proceedings. See United States v. Storer Broadcasting Co. (1956), 351 U.S. 192, 197 [76 S.Ct. 763, 767, 100 L.Ed. 1081, 1088]."
These complaints were filed under R.C. 5715.19, which sets forth the general complaint process, and R.C. 5715.13, which prevents a board of revision from decreasing any valuation complained of unless filed by "the party affected thereby or his agent." Middleton v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision (1996), 74 Ohio St.3d 226, 658 N.E.2d 267. Complaints filed under these statutes are jurisdictional. In Stanjim Co. v. Mahoning Cty. Bd. of Revision (1974), 38 Ohio St.2d 233, 235, 67 O.O.2d 296, 298, 313 N.E.2d 14, 16, we held, "full compliance with R.C. 5715.19 and 5715.13 is necessary before a county board of revision is empowered to act on the merits of a claim." Accord N. Olmsted v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 218, 220, 16 O.O.3d 249, 250, 404 N.E.2d 757, 759 ("We held [R.C. 5715.19] to be jurisdictional in Stanjim Co. v. Bd. of Revision ."). Under this authority, Buckeye Foods' standing to file valuation complaints on these properties is jurisdictional, and Cleveland could not waive its challenge to Buckeye Foods' standing.
Turning to the standing question, Buckeye Foods primarily argues that "Buckeye Foods" is a generic name that refers to all the various corporations and entities in which Eanes had an interest. Thus, Buckeye Foods claims, Eanes was the party affected thereby and could file the complaints. Cleveland, of course, disagrees, as do we.
We agree with the BTA that Buckeye Foods is a fictitious name. R.C. 1329.01 defines "fictitious name" as "a name used in business or trade that is fictitious and that the user has not registered or is not entitled to register as a trade name ." R.C. 1329.10(B) prevents a person from commencing or maintaining an action in a fictitious name until the person has registered the name with the Secretary of State.
A person places himself in a precarious position when he operates under a fictitious name. A person doing business under an unregistered, fictitious name lacks the legal capacity to sue. GMS Mgt. Co. v. Axe (1982), 5 Ohio Misc.2d 1, 8, 5 OBR 53, 61, 449 N.E.2d 43, 51; Thomas v. Columbus (1987), 39 Ohio App.3d 53, 55-56, 528 N.E.2d 1274, 1277.
In Queen City Valves, Inc. v. Peck (1954), 161 Ohio St. 579, 583-584, 53 O.O. 430, 432-433, 120 N.E.2d 310, 313, we said:
"This court has no disposition to be hypertechnical and to deny the right of appeal on captious grounds but it cannot ignore statutory language which demands that certain conditions be met to confer jurisdiction upon an appellate tribunal."
Because full compliance with R.C. 5715.13 is necessary and jurisdictional, we require a complainant to be an entity that has legal capacity. Buckeye Foods exists in the mind of Eanes. On the other hand, Buckeye Foods Limited Partnership Number One, Buckeye Superior/Euclid, Inc., Buckeye Foods-Kinsman, Inc., and Buckeye Foods-Harvard, Inc., which have legal relationships with the disputed properties, exist in the records of the Secretary of State's Office. These latter entities are real, but Buckeye Foods is not. Since Buckeye Foods is fictitious, it cannot file a complaint seeking a reduced valuation for real estate under R.C. 5715.13.
The complexity of names in these cases points out why a complainant must have legal existence and be better identified than occurred here. In these cases, each property in dispute had lessees, sublessees, franchisees, franchisors, some with the words "Buckeye Foods" as part of their corporate name, some that did not. The taxing authorities and other interested parties are to have, by these statutes, the ability to discern who is complaining about the value of real property.
Buckeye Foods also argues that Eanes is the real party in interest, since he owns an interest in these corporations and is a franchisee for three of the properties. We reject this contention. The complaint does not list Eanes as the complainant; his name appears as the person in the care of which the complainant's mail is to be sent. According to Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1986) 338, the word "care" means "CUSTODY: temporary charge— used esp. in the phrase care of or in care of on mail sent to a person through another person or other agency abbr. c/o." (Emphasis sic.) Since Eanes is the person to whom the mail for Buckeye Foods is to be sent, he is not the complainant.
Accordingly, since Buckeye Foods is a fictitious name that has no capacity to litigate these complaints, it is not the party affected by these complaints. We, thus, affirm the BTA's dismissal of the complaints. Middleton v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Revision, supra.
Decisions affirmed.
Moyer, C.J., Douglas, Resnick, F.E. Sweeney, Pfeifer, Cook and Lundberg Stratton, JJ., concur.
Pfeifer and Lundberg Stratton, JJ., concur separately.