Case Name: Matter of the Estate of Frank Schuler, Deceased
Court: New York Surrogate's Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1905-02
Citations: 4 Mills Surr. 493
Docket Number: 
Parties: Matter of the Estate of Frank Schuler, Deceased.
Judges: 
Reporter: Mills' Surrogate's Reports
Volume: 4
Pages: 493–495

Head Matter:
Matter of the Estate of Frank Schuler, Deceased.
(Surrogate’s Court, New York County,
February, 1905.)
Infant—Mother not “Guardian” Within Code Civ. Pro., § 2746— Payment of Distributive Share.
The mother of an infant is not its “guardian” within the meaning of section 2746 of the Code of Civil Procedure and is not a person authorized to receive payment of the distributive share to which it is entitled upon the accounting of its father’s estate.
Upon final accounting.
John W. Russell, for petitioner; Leonidas Dennis, for U. S. Fidelity '& Guaranty Co.; Paul L. Kinnan, special guardian.

Opinion:
Fitzgerald, S.
Section 51 of the Domestic Relations Law provides that " a married woman is the joint guardian of her children with her husband, with equal powers, rights and duties in regard to them." Vol. 1, Gen. Laws, Cumm. & Gilbert's Ed., 1106, 1107.
It is claimed by the mother, who is the surviving parent of her minor children, that she is, by virtue of the provisions cited, supplemented by those of sections 52 and 53 of the same law, constituted the general guardian of their persons and estates and as such authorized by section 2746 of the Code of Civil Procedure to receive the distributive share to which they are entitled on this accounting. The sections of the Domestic Relations Law mentioned, with certain exceptions not material to the questions here presented, were in my judgment not meant to effect a change in the previous law upon the subject to which they relate, but were intended to be and are in substance a re-enactment of section 1, title 3, chapter 8, part 2 of the Revised Statutes, as amended by chapter 175 of the Laws of 1893 and of the provisions of sections 2,. 3 and 20 of said title 3 of the Revised Statutes. See notes to sections 51, 52 and 53, Report Comm'rs of Statutory Revision, 1896-, 644, 645.
It was held in Matter of the Estate of Elbert L. Burnham Surr. Decs., 1896, p. 437, that the declaration contained in section 1 of the Revised Statutes, as amended by the act of 1893, to the effect that a married woman is the joint guardian of her children with her husband, with equal powers, rights and duties in regard to them, did not, by itself or when considered in connection with the other provisions of the Revised Statutes mentioned, constitute such a guardianship as would confer upon either or both of the parents the powers and duties of a general guardian appointed by will or deed or by the court, or entitle them to the possession or control of the property of their children. It follows that the shares of the infants in this estate cannot be paid to their mother, as she is not a person authorized by section 2746 of the Code of Civil Procedure to receive them. Indeed, that section itself, by limiting the right of a parent to receive a legacy or distributive share to the amount of $50, and in view of the character of its other provisions, furnishes abundant internal evidence that the guardianship therein referred to is not such as is provided for in section 51 of the Domestic Relations Law. Counsel is in error in supposing that a deed appointing a guardian is operative in the lifetime of the parent executing it. Estate of Marion McGarry, Surr. Decs. 1901, 539.
The decree will direct the payment of the infants' shares in their guardian to "be appointed and upon his giving the proper security, and in default thereof, require the same to-be deposited with the city chamberlain.
Decreed accordingly.