Case Name: The People ex rel. Augustus M. Field, App'lt, v. Board of Aldermen of City of New York, Resp't
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1895-08
Citations: 70 N.Y. St. Rep. 238
Docket Number: 
Parties: The People ex rel. Augustus M. Field, App'lt, v. Board of Aldermen of City of New York, Resp’t.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 70
Pages: 238–240

Head Matter:
The People ex rel. Augustus M. Field, App'lt, v. Board of Aldermen of City of New York, Resp’t.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
Filed August, 1895.)
1. Senate districts—Apportionment.
The board of aldermen, in dividing the senate districts of New York' city into assembly districts, cannot include in an assembly district a part of Westchester county, which has. been annexed to New York city by chapter 984 of 1895.
2. Same—Construction.
Section 5, article 3 of Revised State Constitution, uses the word “ county” in the sense of a certain portion of territory, and not of a political organization.
3. Same—Duty op legislature.
The Constitution formed the senate districts under the present enumeration, and only left the legislature the duty of apportioning the assemblymen among the senate districts, and each assembly district has to be within a senate district as formed by the Constitution.
Application for a writ of mandamus to compel the board of aldermen of the city of New York to reconvene and reapportion the assembly districts of the city and county of New York.
Wm. B. Hornblower, for app’lt; John P. Clarice, for resp’ts; Wm. D. Guthrie, for town of Westchester.

Opinion:
Yan Brunt, P. J.
The relator, who has hitherto been a' voter in the town of Westchester, applied to the court below for a peremptory writ of mandamus against the board of aldermen of the city of New York, directing them to reconvene, and to reapportion the assembly districts of the city and county of New York. The grounds of the application were that by chapter 934 of the Laws of 1895, approved June- 6, 1893, certain territory, theretofore constituting a portion of the county of Westchester, was an: nexed to and made a part of the city and county of New York, and that the board of aldermen of said city, who, in pursuance of the requirements of the Constitution of 1894, had on the 11th day of June, 1895, divided the city and county of New York into assembly districts, had omitted and refused to include such territory in any assembly district of the city and county of New York. The motion was denied, and this appeal was taken.
By section 5 of article 3 of the Constitution of 1894, it is provided :
" Until after the next enumeration, members of the assembly shall be apportioned to the several counties as follows : New York county, thirty-five members; Westchester county, three members. In any county entitled to more than one member the boai'd of supervisors, and in any city embracing an entire county and having no board of supervisors, the common council, of if there be none, the body exercising the powers of a common council, shall assemble on the second Tuesday of June, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, and at such times as the legislature making an apportionment shall prescribe, and divide such counties into assembly districts as nearly equal in number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, as may be, of convenient and contiguous territory in as compact form as practicable, each of which shall be wholly within a senate district formed under the same apportionment, equal to the number of members of assembly to which such county shall be entitled, and shall-cause to be filed in the office of the secretary of state and of the clerk of such county, a description of such districts, specifying the number of each district and of the inhabitants thereof, excluding aliens, according to the last preceding enumerations ; and such apportionment and districts shall remain unaltered until another enumeration shall be made, as herein provided; but-said division of the city of Brooklyn and the county of Kings, to be made on the second Tuesday of June, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, shall be made by the common council of said city and the board of supervisors of said county, assembled in joint session. In counties having more than one senate district, the same number of assembly districts shall be put in each senate district, unless the assembly districts cannot be evenly divided among the senate districts of any county, in which case one more assembly district shall be put in the senant district in such county having the largest, or one less assembly district shall be put in the senate district in such county having the smallest, number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, as the case may require. No town, and no block in a city enclosed by streets and public ways, shall be divided in the formation of assembly districts, nor shall any district contain a greater excess in population over an adjoining district in the same senate district, than the population of a town or. block therein adjoining such assembly district. Towns or blocks which, from their location, may be included in either of two districts, shall be so placed as to make said district most nearly equal in number of inhabitants, excluding aliens ; but in the division of the city under the first apportionment regard shall be had to the number of inhabitants, excluding aliens, of the election districts according to the state enumeration of one thousand eight hundred and ninety-two, so far as may be, instead of blocks. Nothing in this section shall prevent the division, at any time, of counties and towns, and the erection of new towns by the legislature."
Section 3 of article 3 of the Constitution of 1894 fixed the number of senators at fifty, and divided the state into senate districts, defining with particularity the limits of each district. Twelve senators were allotted to the county of New York, and each senate district was described by metes and bounds. The Twenty-second senate district consisted of the county of Wéstchester. The only function to be performed by the board of aldermen was to divide the city and county of New York, as apportioned by the said Constitution, into twelve senate districts, into tliirtjr-five assembly districts, in accordance with the requirements of said section 5 of article' 3, each of which cistricts should be wholly within a senate district formed under the apportionment made by the Constitution, and which was then in force. If, therefore, under such senate apportionment, the territory in dispute was a part of the city and county of New York, it should have been included within some assembly district of that county. It is plain that it was not a part of that county under Such apportionment, for at the time this apportionment was made by the constitution of 1894 such territory formed part of another county. The senate apportionment was completed when this constitution went into effect, which was, as to this subject, by its terms, January 1,1895, or It would not have been an "apportionment," within the meaning of that term as used in the constitution. The framers of the constitution claimed to recognize equality of population, with certain express exceptions, as the basis of the apportionment. This abundantly appears throughout the entire instrument. When they set apart the county of Weschester as the Twenty-Second senate district, they set apart an integral portion of this territory of the state, with well-defined limits ; containing, according to the last preceding enumeration, a population which, under their plan of apportionment, they considered to be entitled to one senator. With regard to the future, they provided by section 4 of article 8 that the legislature might, after the enumerations to be made in 1905, and every ten years thereafter, so alter the bounds of the senate districts that each district should "contain as nearly as may be an equal number of inhabitants and be in as compact a form as practicable," and that such districts "shall remain unaltered until the return of another enumeration." *
It is contended by the counsel for appellant that while the legislature could not, after 1905, disregard the principle of equality in population, or change the boundaries of a senate district, it could do so now. No good reason is assigned for such a discrimination, and it seems to.be at variance with the regulations of the constitution governing the apportionment of assembly districts. As we have seen, each assembly district must be within a senate district formed under the same apportionment. The constitution had formed the senate districts under the present enumeration, and only left the legislature the duty of apportioning the assemblymen among the senate district as formed by the constitution.
The argument that the word "county," as used in the constitution, refers to political organizations, and not to fixed territories, is refuted by the language of the instrument itself. In defining the boundaries of the Twenty-First senate district, metes and bounds are established, and there is added, " all that part of the county of New York not hereinbefore described." If the words " county of New York" meant the political division known by that name, the words "not hereinbefore described" would have no reasonable significance. It seems to be manifest that the claim of the relator is contrary not only to the spirit, but to the letter, of the constitution, and that the board of aldermen had no power to include in any assembly district within this county the annexed territory. The order should be affirmed, with costs to the respondent.
All concur.