Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jose JALCA, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2007-01-23
Citations: 214 F. App'x 953
Docket Number: No. 06-12694
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jose JALCA, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before TJOFLAT, DUBINA and HULL, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 214
Pages: 953–955

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jose JALCA, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 06-12694
Non-Argument Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.
Jan. 23, 2007.
Duilio Abraham Espinosa-Montalban, Tampa, FL, for Defendant-Appellant.
Linda Julin McNamara, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Tampa, FL, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Before TJOFLAT, DUBINA and HULL, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM:
Appellant Jose Jalea appeals his sentence wherein the district court denied him a minor-role reduction pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2(b). Jalea pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute five or more kilograms of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) & 846. On appeal, Jalea argues that the district court clearly erred in denying him a minor-role adjustment. Jalea states his role was minor since he merely acted as a broker by trying to find a buyer for the cocaine, which he never succeeded in doing. Additionally, Jalea was not involved in the initial phase of the conspiracy, where the drugs were transported into the United States.
"This Court has long and repeatedly held that a district court's determination of a defendant's role in the offense is a finding of fact to be reviewed only for clear error." United States v. De Varon, 175 F.3d 930, 937 (11th Cir.1999) (en banc). The proponent of the downward adjustment always bears the burden of proving the mitigating role in the offense by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. at 939. In determining the defendant's role, the decision falls within the sound discretion of the district court: "a trial court's choice between 'two permissible views of the evidence' is the very essence of the clear error standard of review." Id. at 945. (citation omitted).
The Sentencing Guidelines permit a court to decrease a defendant's offense level by two points if it finds that the defendant was a "minor participant" in the criminal activity. U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2(b). A defendant is a minor participant if he is "less culpable than most other participants, but whose role could not be described as minimal." U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2, comment, (n.5). In determining whether a mitigating-role reduction is warranted, a district court "should be informed by two principles discerned from the Guidelines: first, the defendant's role in the relevant conduct for which [he] has been held accountable at sentencing, and, second, [his] role as compared to that of other participants in [his] relevant conduct." De Varón, 175 F.3d at 940. In looking to relevant conduct, "the district court must assess whether the defendant is a minor or minimal participant in relation to the relevant conduct attributed to the defendant in calculating [his] base offense level." Id. at 941.
Under the first prong of the De Varón analysis, we conclude from the record that the district court correctly compared Jalca's conduct, his involvement in trying to find a buyer for and testing the 99.4 kilograms of cocaine, with the conduct for which he was sentenced, conspiracy with intent to distribute 99.4 kilograms of cocaine.
Under the second prong of the analysis, the district court stated:
He was a willing and knowing conspirator. His role might have been slightly different than others in the sense that he didn't have a proprietary interest in the cocaine, but nonetheless, he stood to gain a substantial amount of money for his participation in the role as broker/negotiator.
Jalea discussed prices for the cocaine with the undercover agents, brought a potential buyer to the warehouse where the cocaine was located, and inspected and tested the cocaine. At the sentencing hearing, Jalca's attorney admitted that Jalea would have received $1,000 per kilogram of cocaine for finding a buyer. Jalca's potential fee was approximately $99,000, while the actual sales price for the cocaine was $200,000.
Since the district court's findings are supported by the record, and the court properly applied the analysis established by De Varón, Jalea has failed to meet his burden, and the district court did not clearly err in denying Jalea a minor-role reduction. Accordingly, we affirm Jalea's sentence.
AFFIRMED.
. In the Standard of Review portion of his brief, Jalea mentions that this court should review his sentence for reasonableness under United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). In his Summary of the Argument, Jalea states the district court ignored 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) because a sentence less than 188 months would have been sufficient due to his role as a broker in the transaction. Jalea did not develop these arguments any further, and the government did not address any of these arguments in its brief.
"We may decline to address an argument where a party fails to provide arguments on the merits of an issue in its initial or reply brief. Without such argument the issue is deemed waived." United States v. Gupta, 463 F.3d 1182, 1195 (11th Cir.2006). Since Jalea did not substantively address his arguments that his sentence was not reasonable and that the district court violated 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), his arguments are deemed waived and will not be addressed here.