Case Name: William MERDIAN, Petitioner, v. Ron COCHRAN, Sheriff of Broward County, Florida, and Judge Barry Goldstein, Circuit Court Judge, Seventeenth Judicial Circuit, Respondents
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1995-04-07
Citations: 654 So. 2d 573
Docket Number: No. 95-0789
Parties: William MERDIAN, Petitioner, v. Ron COCHRAN, Sheriff of Broward County, Florida, and Judge Barry Goldstein, Circuit Court Judge, Seventeenth Judicial Circuit, Respondents.
Judges: GUNTHER, J., concurs.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 654
Pages: 573–578

Head Matter:
William MERDIAN, Petitioner, v. Ron COCHRAN, Sheriff of Broward County, Florida, and Judge Barry Goldstein, Circuit Court Judge, Seventeenth Judicial Circuit, Respondents.
No. 95-0789.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.
April 7, 1995.
Kevin J. Kulik, Fort Lauderdale, for petitioner.
Robert A. Butterworth, Atty. Gen., Tallahassee and Anne Carrion Pinson, Asst. Atty. Gen., West Palm Beach, for respondent.

Opinion:
WARNER, Judge.
In petitioning for a writ of habeas corpus, petitioner alleges that the court improperly revoked his bond. We agree that the trial court failed to follow the correct procedure and quash the order revoking bond.
Petitioner was charged with two counts of sexual activity with a minor under the age of eighteen. The minor involved was his stepdaughter, age seventeen and a half at the time of the alleged incident. It is unclear from the record when he was charged with the crime, but the incident had been under investigation for at least eight or nine months. Petitioner's wife, the mother of the victim, had moved out of their home in June of last year, apparently as a result of the incident. No divorce petition had been filed, although one was contemplated. (The wife testified that she was waiting for the outcome of the criminal proceedings.) The state attorney apparently was aware of the accusations for a substantial period of time without filing charges. When arrested, petitioner was released on a $15,000 bond. The petitioner occupies a very responsible position in city government and has never been charged before with any crime, nor even a traffic offense.
About a week prior to the hearing in this case at which the trial court revoked the bond, petitioner's wife left a message on his answering machine indicating that she needed to talk with him and would call back. She did not call back when she said she would, and two days later petitioner called her. When he asked her why she was "doing this to me," she responded that she was not doing anything, that he did it to himself. He then said that he would get her for this, at which point she hung up. It was this phone call which prompted the state attorney to file a notice of hearing for a motion revoking petitioner's bond. No motion was ever filed.
At the hearing, the wife testified to the foregoing facts and was also allowed to testify over objection to an alleged conversation the daughter claimed to have had with the petitioner. She testified that the daughter told her that petitioner had brandished a gun threatening the daughter, the mother, and the grandmother if the daughter told anyone about their sexual encounter. Although this incident occurred prior to the mother moving out of the marital home, it was not relayed by the daughter to the mother until after the telephone call incident. While the daughter, now over nineteen, was in court at the time of the hearing to revoke bond, she did not testify to this incident.
After hearing the evidence, the trial court revoked the petitioner's bond, citing the telephone call and the alleged threat at the end of it together with the fact that if convicted the petitioner could serve time in prison thus giving him a reason to possibly carry out a threat. The court did not mention the gun incident. Petitioner then filed for a writ of habeas corpus.
The only authority for revoking a bond is found in Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.131(f) which states:
The court in its discretion for good cause, any time after a defendant who is at large on bail appears for trial, may commit the defendant to the custody of the proper official to abide by the judgment, sentence, and any further order of the court.
In the instant case, the bond was revoked prior to trial. As such, the underlined condition was not satisfied, and thus the court had no authority to revoke the bond of petitioner.
Instead, the respondent argues that what in effect the trial court did was to incarcerate petitioner under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.131(g). That section provides that a court may direct the arrest and commitment of a defendant at large on bail when one of several conditions occur, the pertinent conditions to this case being either (1) a breach of the undertaking, Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.131(g)(1); or (2) the court is satisfied that the bail should be increased or new or additional security required. Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.131(g)(3). Under these sections, however, the order for arrest and commitment must recite the facts on which it is based, which was not done in this case. Moreover, if recommitment is ordered, the court shall determine conditions of release, if any, subject to the requirements of Rule 3.131(b). See Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.131(h). While the petitioner requested new conditions, the court did not consider the request or make any finding that no conditions would protect the community from the risk of physical harm and assure the presence of the petitioner at trial.
The state argues that the petitioner breached a condition of the bond, namely that the defendant refrain from criminal activity, contending that the phone call was witness tampering. Assuming without deciding that "I'm going to get you for this" is a threat made with the specific intent to influence the testimony of the wife, the trial court did not consider whether any conditions of release would protect the community and the witnesses and assure the defendant's appearance at trial. The Rules of Criminal Procedure provide clearly that unless charged with a capital felony or an offense punishable by life imprisonment, a circumstance not present here, "every person charged with a crime . shall be entitled to pretrial release on reasonable conditions." Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.131(a). Only where no conditions of release can reasonably protect the community from the risk of physical harm to persons, assure the presence of the accused at trial, or assure the integrity of the judicial process, may the accused be detained. Elderbroom v. Knowles, 621 So.2d 518 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993).
We cannot consider this omission harmless in this case, because it appears to us from the record that there is evidence which would support release. The petitioner has no criminal record at all. He has a good job and strong ties to the community. He and his wife have been separated for over six months with no incidents of intimidation or harassment. In fact she testified that he knew not to call her, although she merely assumed that there was some sort of prohibition against it. In any event there was no testimony that he had attempted to contact her at any other time during this period. Moreover, she conceded in her testimony that he did not initiate the contact with her in issue here. Instead she left a message that she needed to talk with him. As to more specific allegations of physical danger, the only threatening behavior was the hearsay testimony given by the wife that petitioner had threatened her daughter with a gun long prior to the telephone call and prior to his arrest. While this is a significant threat, there was no evidence that any improper contact occurred with the victim since the alleged incident over six months ago, and even since he was released on bond after his arrest over a month before the hearing.
The revocation of the petitioner's bail in the manner it was accomplished in this case did not comply with either the statute or the rule. The petitioner has a constitutional right to pretrial release on reasonable conditions. Art. I, § 14, Fla. Const. The petitioner is entitled to have the court reconsider bail and conditions of release even if recom-mitment is ordered as a result of the breach of the bond condition. See Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.131(h). It is the state's burden to prove the need of pretrial detention. Section 907.041(4)00, Fla.Stat., which it must show beyond a reasonable doubt. See Fla. R.Crim.P. 3.132(c)(1). Because the state and the court failed to follow the relevant statutes and rules in depriving the petitioner of his constitutional right, we vacate the order revoking the bond and remand to the trial court for a further immediate hearing consistent with the opinion.
GUNTHER, J., concurs.
GLICKSTEIN, J., concurs specially with opinion.
. The state refers to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.131(f)(1) when in fact it is reciting language from 3.131(g)(1). There is no sub-division (1) of Rule. 3.131(f).
. See also Art. I, § 14 Fla. Const.; Fla.Stat. § 907.041(3): "It is the intent of the Legislature to create a presumption in favor of release on nonmonetary conditions for any person who is granted pretrial release." In addressing pretrial detention, the legislature also permitted the court to order pretrial detention where a defendant "with the intent to obstruct the judicial process, has threatened, intimidated, or injured any victim, potential witness, . and that no condition of release will reasonably prevent the obstruction of the judicial process." Fla.Stat. § 907.041 (4)(b)2. Thus, both the rules and the statutes require that the court make an assessment as to whether any reasonable conditions of release could prevent the obstruction of the judicial process.
.The record reflects that these statements about petitioner, relayed to the court by petitioner's lawyer, were not contested in any way by the state, either at trial or in this court.