Case Name: Omaha, Lincoln & Beatrice Railway Company, appellee, v. City of Lincoln, appellant
Court: Nebraska Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Nebraska
Decision Date: 1914-10-30
Citations: 97 Neb. 122
Docket Number: No. 18,255
Parties: Omaha, Lincoln & Beatrice Railway Company, appellee, v. City of Lincoln, appellant.
Judges: Rose, J., not sitting.
Reporter: Nebraska Reports
Volume: 97
Pages: 122–138

Head Matter:
Omaha, Lincoln & Beatrice Railway Company, appellee, v. City of Lincoln, appellant.
Filed October 30, 1914.
No. 18,255.
1. Municipal Corporations: Control of Streets: Use by Railroads. Section 5942, Rev. St. 1913, should not be construed to authorize a railway company to select any street of the city it may choose for its right of way, and obtain control thereof by condemnation proceedings or by contract with the city. The city cannot, by contract or in any other way, deprive itself of the power to control its streets and to establish and maintain the grades thereof.
2. -: -. The city authorities have control of its streets, and have power “to compel' railways to conform tracks to grades at any time established.” When the city has established the grade of a street, the courts will not interfere with such action unless it clearly appears that thereby the rights of others have been seriously injured, and that such injuries are so wholly unnecessary that no reasonable mind could entertain a contrary belief. The provisions of section 5942, Rev. St. 1913, do not alter this rule.
3. -: -: Grading: Injunction. It is the duty of the city authorities, with the assistance of their engineers, to plan and adopt a sewerage system. When the evidence is conflicting as to the advisability and practical working of the system planned and adopted by the proper authorities, the courts will not enjoin -the grading and paving of the streets pursuant to that plan, nor restrain the city authorities from requiring railway tracks along such streets to conform to such grade, on the ground that the streets and adjacent properties will not be properly drained.
4. -: Streets: Use by Railroad: Conformity to Grade. When a city of the first class, having more than 40,000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants, enacts an ordinance granting a railway company the right to construct its road in a street of the city, and provides in that ordinance that the railway company shall conform its tracks to grade then existing or that shall afterwards be established, and afterwards enacts an ordinance establishing for .the first time the grade of the street upon which the tracks have been laid pursuant to the first ordinance, no other ordinance requiring the railway company to conform its tracks to the grade so established is necessary.
Appeal from the district court for Lancaster county: Albert J. Cornish, Judge.
Reversed and dismissed.
F. G. Foster and D. E. McGlenahan, for appellant..
G. G. Flansbwrg and Leonard A. Flanshurg, contra.
T. 8. Allen, amicus ourice.

Opinion:
Sedgwick, J.
In March, 1904, the city of Lincoln enacted an ordinance granting to this plaintiff, the Omaha, Lincoln & Beatrice Railway Company, the right to nse Y street in the city of Lincoln for its tracks. The ordinance required the plaintiff to pay an annual occupation tax, and to conform its tracks to the grades which were then established or which might thereafter be established, and to accept in writing the ordinance as a contract, and give bond in the sum of $10,000, guaranteeing a compliance with the terms of the ordinance. The ordinance was duly accepted by the plaintiff and the bond given. At that time no grade had been established on Y street between Eighteenth and Twenty-seventh streets, .and the maps and profiles filed by the plaintiff with the city authorities showed an elevation of its tracks at Twenty-first and Y streets of 1 7/10 feet above the natural grade. The plaintiff then filled the right of way at Twenty-first and Y streets about 16 inches above the natural grade and constructed its road accordingly. In August, 1911, the city council enacted an ordinance which provided for the paving of Y street from Twenty-first to Twenty-seventh streets and by ordinance established the grade thereon. The grade so established was about an inch above the natural grade of the street, but the ordinance contained no provision requiring the plaintiff to lower its tracks to conform with the grade so established. Afterwards, in May, 1912, the council ordered the street paved, and the contract for paving the street was entered into by the city with the Ford Paving Company on August 19, 1912. Pursuant to the contract the contractor began the work of paving the street and paved Twenty-first street from the south to the south side of Y street. On the 21st of October, 1912, the plaintiff filed a petition in the district court for Lancaster county against the city and the contractor, asking for an injunction restraining the defendants "from interfering with the rails, ties, or grade of plaintiff's said railway on said Y street," and from interfering with the operation of the plaintiff's railway over and upon said Y street. Summons thereon was served on the 23d day of October. No temporary injunction was allowed or asked for. A motion was filed by the defendant on the last day of December, 1912, to require the plaintiff to attach to its petition a copy of the alleged agreement between the plaintiff and the city. There was no ruling upon the motion, and, the attorneys who had begun the action for the plaintiff having withdrawn from the case, other attorneys filed an amended petition in April, 1913. This petition asked for a temporary injunction against the defendant, but it does not appear that the same was allowed or that any hearing was had upon the application. A general demurrer, was filed to this amended petition, which' was overruled, and the city filed an answer immediately. Thereupon still another attorney, who had been employed by the plaintiff, filed a second amended petition, which also asked for a temporary injunction, but the case immediately proceeded to trial and no temporary injunction was allowed. On the 26th day of May, 1913, the district court made special findings and entered a decree enjoining the defendant, the city of Lincoln, substantially as prayed, and the defendant has appealed.
The court found that Y street from Eighteenth to Twenty-third street is low ground and subject to overflows from flood-waters, and especially from back-waters from the Antelope creek, and that the plaintiff's tracks have been interfered with at times thereby; that the plaintiff, relying upon the profile and its right to maintain the elevation as shown therein, constructed its road and tracks, and has been operating the road and serving a portion of the city and the outlying districts, carrying 1,100 passengers a day, and that the track is in the "low pocket in the Antelope valley between Twenty-second and Twenty-third streets, west to beyond Twenty-first street, is boggy and marshy," and that plaintiff's track is some 18 inches above the natural surface of the' ground, and the plaintiff has placed cinders and other material under the ties in the embankment and roadway, and that the street has been little used for travel except on plaintiff's trains; that the track of the Missouri Pacific Railway crosses Eighteenth street, and that the elevation of their tracks has not been fixed or established by any ordinance,' and they have not been required by ordinance to conform to the established grade, and their tracks are several feet above the natural surface and the established grade of the street; that the ordinance, enacted in March, 1910, would require the lowering of plaintiff's tracks in the intersection of Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets with Y street about 18 inches, "to the natural surface of Y street at said intersection;" that the ordinance establishing the grade of Y street will make that street the lowest street "from Dudley on the north and X street on the south, and will cause the surface waters to flow into said Y street," and that to compel the plaintiff to bring its track down to the proposed grade "will remove and destroy the foundation for its embankment," and that a large proportion of the property owners, some 40 in number, abutting on or adjacent to said street have protested against the lowering or fixing of the grade below the profile and elevation of plaintiff's tracks.
Of course, if the plaintiff constructs the paving between its rails as the law requires it will first, lay a concrete foundation therefor, and so will not be damaged 'by substituting this foundation for the cinder foundation it now has. . If the city can in ordinary cases only require a railway company to conform its tracks to grade by ordinance duly enacted, and if, after an ordinance is duly enacted, as in this case, fixing the grade and requiring the streets to be paved, a second ordinance is necessary to require the railway company to place its paving upon the grade, we have that second ordinance in this case, since the original franchise ordinance under which the plaintiff laid its tracks provides that the plaintiff shall conform its tracks to the grades then existing or to be established, and there is a general ordinance of the city requiring this to be done. It would seem that no further ordinance of the city could possibly be necessary for that purpose.
The court also found that in seasons of freshet when waters collect it will be impossible to maintain and operate the track at such grade, and will prevent the operation of cars over and upon said track at such times, and that "no adequate provision has been made for taking care of said flood and surface waters, or securing their discharge from said track, and, by reason of said grade, no proper arrangement or sewer connection can be put into effect to carry off said water or relieve said flood condition, thereby rendering that portion of its roadbed useless at such times, depriving the people of its service; that the establishment of the grade on Y street below the profile and elevation of the plaintiff's track will not benefit any one, and such grade is unnecessary, is contrary to the public interest," and that "the construction of the railroad aforesaid in accordance with the profile and the maintenance of its railroad with the approval and consent of the defendant vested in plaintiff the right to operate and maintain its said line of railway on the grade as established by said profile, and that said defendant city is estopped to question or interfere with the same, except for the public good and by an ordinance duly enacted; and the court finds that no ordinance whatever has been enacted by the city, instructing or directing the plaintiff to remove its track on said Y street to the established grade; and, by reason of the aforesaid, the plaintiff is entitled to a permanent injunction." These findings suggest the vital question in this case. There is no contention that to require the plaintiff to lower its tracks at Twenty-first street so as to conform to the established grade of the paving is in itself an unreasonable hardship. . It is only because the plan of the drainage and sewerage system is supposed to be defective and because of the results, anticipated in that respect that complaint is made.
"The power of the legislature to subserve the general welfare of the people by all needful and proper regulations in the interest of health and safety is inherent in the sovereignty of the state, and cannot be bartered away by contract or otherwise. Such power may be asserted directly by the legislature, or may, in the absence of constitutional restrictions upon the subject, be delegated to the several municipal corporations or other agencies provided for its exercise. The power of the legislature over private property is not absolute. But, while it cannot at will impose upon property burdens so excessive and unreasonable as to work a practical confiscation thereof, the courts will never interfere to prevent the enforcement of statutes on account of any mere difference of opinion between them and the lawmaking power of the government respecting the wisdom or necessity of particular measures." Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. State, 47 Neb. 549. These principles are peculiarly applicable to the case at bar. This court cannot say as matter of law that, by establishing the grade of the proposed paving at the natural grade of the surface of the ground, the city authorities have exceeded their power, unless it so clearly appears that thereby the rights of others have been seriously injured and that such injuries were so wholly unnecessary that no reasonable mind could entertain a contrary belief. If the sewerage system is sufficient to carry off the water and substantially prevent it from accumulating on the plaintiff's tracks, as it is required to construct them, no substantial injury has been done the plaintiff. The case then resolves itself into the question as to the plan and construction of the drainage system.
The paving district organized by the ordinance, known as No. 217, includes Twenty-first street from Vine street to Y street, and Y street from Twenty-first to Twenty-seventh streets. The plaintiff's complaint is in regard to the conditions existing by the established grade at the intersection at Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets with Y street. At this point the established grade is only a fraction of a foot above the natural surface. The only evicLence on that point that we have found in the record is in the testimony of the assistant engineer, who testifies that it is from 1/10 to 4/10 of a foot above the natural surface. The tracks of the plaintiff, if the action of the city is upheld, will have to be lowered to about the natural surface at that point. It is contended by the plaintiff that the grade at that point is low, and ascends both toward the east and toward the west, thus forming a "pocket" at that place that will, in times of even ordinary rains, be filled with water so as to cover the tracks of the plaintiff, as well as a considerable section of the surrounding territory, and that this will be so great an injury to the plaintiff and to lot-owners as to make the action of the city in so establishing the grade so unreasonable as to be void. The plaintiff produced and examined five expert witnesses, and the case rested upon their testimony. The principal question investigated was whether the city had adopted a proper and feasible sewerage system for that locality. Mr. Towl, an engineer of some considerable experience, who is now employed in that capacity in the city of Omaha, and who examined the situation here on two different days before he testified, stated that the system adopted by the city in that locality is not practicable or feasible; that Y street at the intersection of Twenty-first street ought to be elevated, so as to make a continual slope from east to west. He stated his reasons and his conclusions quite at large, and his evidence no doubt seems quite plausible to a lawyer who is not an expert in those matters. His principal objection is to the openings into the sewer. He testifies that they are not large enough, not in the right shape, and are not properly located. His evidence is supported emphatically by Mr. Hicox, who seems to be a very competent engineer, and who looked the situation over just before he testified. He is also supported in a general way, but not so emphatically, by other competent engineers. On the other hand, Mr. Bates, the assistant city engineer of Lincoln, testified fully in regard to existing conditions, and in regard to the plan and conditions of the present system of sewerage, and also to some extent as to proposed or contemplated changes and additions to the sewerage system. He has been in his present position as assistant engineer for some time, and shows in his evidence a thorough knowledge of the conditions existing and of the sewerage system as it is already constructed, as well as contemplated additions thereto. His evidence as to the elevations of the natural surface throughout that part of the city and of the established grade in question was very full and complete, and is the evidence upon these points in this case without contradiction. It appears from his evidence that the natural surface of Y street descends gradually from the east to Twenty-first street, and then rises for more than 200 feet. At 475 feet west of Twenty-first street the elevation is about three feet above Twenty-first street. This rise of ground, called a knoll in the evidence, extends about 100 feet north and about 200 feet south of Y street.
There is an 8-inch sanitary sewer on Y street at the crossing of Twenty-first street, and a 15-inch storm sewer, which empties into a 21-inch sewer about a half block west of Twenty-first street. This sewer continues west to Seventeenth street, and connects with the main sewer, which runs north to Salt creek. It also connects at Seventeenth street with, an 18-inch sewer, which runs south 200 feet to Antelope creek. The fall of the sewer is one foot to a thousand. If the city authorities and the engineer are making the mistake that some of this evidence would indicate that they are making, it is indeed a very serious matter. If their sewerage system is wrongly planned and improperly constructed so as to unnecessarily overflow the paving of this street when completed and cover the tracks of the plaintiff and the surrounding lots with water, and if these mistakes and defects cannot be remedied by the city, it would seem that such a construction would subject the city to damages that it is well worth while for the authorities to pause and consider.
In City of Seattle v. Columbia & P. S. R. Co., 6 Wash. 379, the supreme court of that state, after stating the facts in the case, said: "Under such a state of facts, we think the well-settled rule of law is that the city's right to graduate its streets or alter the grades thereof is not an absolute one, to be exercised at its option, regardless of its effect upon others, but it is a power which must be reasonably exercised with reference to the rights of parties interested." In that case the city raised the grade of the street where the railroad company's tracks were located to such an extent, as stated by the court in the opinion, "as to absolutely destroy the franchise." The city raised the grade above the natural surface, and "at the same time the city raised the grades of other streets in the vicinity which were crossed by the railroad tracks aforesaid to such an extent as to maleé it impossible for the railroad companies to reconstruct their tracks upon said right of way." The purpose of the city appears to have been to compel the railroad company to entirely abandon its location, without providing any other location for its tracks.
There might be a case in which it could be so clearly demonstrated that the plan adopted was so absolutely impracticable that a court would be justified in interfering, but planning and adopting sewer systems is not a judicial matter, and the law leaves such matters to the city council as they may be advised and assisted by their engineers. If the property owners are damaged by the change of grade, the law affords them a remedy, but not by injunction. The evidence is conflicting as to the feasibility of the plan of drainage which the city had adopted. If it should prove inadequate, the mistake will undoubtedly be corrected and the damages caused thereby liquidated.
Section 5942, Rev. St. 1913, provides : "If it shall be necessary, in the location of any part of any railroad, to occupy any road, street, alley or public way or ground of any kind, or any part thereof," the public authorities and the company may "agree upon the manner and upon the terms and conditions upon which the same may be used or occupied; and if such parties shall be unable to agree thereon, and it shall be necessary, in the judgment of the directors of such railroad company, to use or occupy such road, street, alley or other public way or ground, such company may appropriate" the same by condemnation. The plaintiff construes this statute in these words: "If no contract had been made at that time, plaintiff could, by condemnation proceedings, have taken so much of Y street-as was necessary, upon making compensation to the city and abutting owners, and as thus condemned, under the statute quoted, and so far as it took for its own purposes, the city would lose the power or control of the location of the road and its grade."
Plaintiff says: "Even now plaintiff (if it cannot 'agree' with the city) can condemn and maintain its tracks at the elevation sought, under the statutes of the state, although the physical conditions were not sufficient to justify the maintenance of its present elevation. Wherever an elevation is reasonably necessary for the maintenance and operation of the road, that elevation may be secured, first, by contract, if possible, but, failing, in that, by condemnation. For, when plaintiff has once condemned a right of' way in the street and paid for that right, the city is powerless to prevent the maintenance of the very right it has-, paid to secure; and its right under the contract is precisely, the same. The purpose of this legislation was to-confer added power upon the municipality. Without it,., the city could have regulated the entrance of a railroad' and the occupation of its streets, over which it had full! control. The legislature therefore intended that the city-should have power by 'agreement' to surrender control of the streets, or, failing to agree, the railroad should have-the right to condemn, regardless of the city's control. The-statute therefore authorized the city to surrender its control."
It seems strange that any one should so construe the statute. Can it be supposed that a railway company can-select any street of a city it may choose and by condemnation or any. other process obtain control thereof? Can it place any tracks and grades therein it may see fit, and maintain them? The city under the statutes has entire control of the streets. If the statute authorizing- condem nation of a street by a railway company means anything more than to give it the means of having the pecuniary damage to the city and property owners fairly adjusted when agreement is impossible, it cannot, when considered with other statutes, or when considered in the light of the general policy of the state, be intended to allow a railway company to select at will the street or streets of a city upon which it will lay its tracks, or to give it any right in any street, except subject to the control and regulation of the city, and subject to the equal right of the public in the use of the street.
The statute also provides that the city shall have power: "To regulate levees, depots, depot grounds and places for storing freight and goods, and provide for and regulate the passing of railways through the streets and public grounds of the city, reserving the rights of all persons injured thereby." Rev. St. 1913, sec. 4422.
"To compel railways to conform tracks to grades at any time established, and if lengthwise in a public way to keep them level with street surface, to compel railways to keep streets open, construct and keep in repair ditches, drains, sewers and culverts along or under their right of way or tracks, and lay and maintain paving of their, whole right of way on paved streets." Section 4471.
"To make all such ordinances, by-laws, rules and regulations not inconsistent with the laws of the state as may be expedient, in addition to the special powers in this section granted, maintaining the peace, good government, and welfare of the city, its trade, commerce and manufacturies." Section 4473.
"The mayor and council shall have supervisión and control of all public ways and public grounds within the city, and shall require the same to be kept open, in repair and free from nuisances." Section 4475.
"The mayor and council shall have power by ordinance to provide for grading or repairing of any street or public way, construction, renewal or repair of bridges, culverts and sewers." Section 4523.
Under these statutes a railway company cannot select any street of a city that it chooses and grade its tracks to any extent it may desire. . The city has general control of its streets and of the grades thereof. It is not necessary to determine in this case the exact limits of the rights and powers of a railway company under section 5942. The franchise ordinance under which the plaintiff laid its tracks on' Y street itself provides that the tracks shall conform to grades established or which might thereafter be established. Establishing the grade of Y street at or nea*r the natural surface of the street is not necessarily unreasonable. That the .plan of drainage adopted leaves Y street lower than adjoining Streets does not necessarily make the plan, impossible or impracticable. If the sewers already laid or contemplated are improperly constructed or are insufficient, it does not necessarily follow that these defects cannot be remedied. The presumption is that the city will provide ample drainage for its streets. We cannot say from this evidence that the plan adopted is so clearly impossible as to require the courts to interfere with the discretion and judgment of the city authorities.
The judgment of the district court is reversed and the cause dismissed.
Reversed and dismissed.
Rose, J., not sitting.