Case Name: In the Matter of the Claim of Louisa Hammond, as Administratrix of the Estate of Leon Hammond, Deceased, Appellant, against The City of Fulton, Respondent
Court: New York Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1917-03-20
Citations: 220 N.Y. 337
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of the Claim of Louisa Hammond, as Administratrix of the Estate of Leon Hammond, Deceased, Appellant, against The City of Fulton, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York Reports
Volume: 220
Pages: 337–343

Head Matter:
In the Matter of the Claim of Louisa Hammond, as Administratrix of the Estate of Leon Hammond, Deceased, Appellant, against The City of Fulton, Respondent.
Firemen — payments to volunteer firemen, or their legal representatives, injured or killed in the performance of their duties — examination and construction of statutes providing for such payments—word “privileges” as used in such statutes held to be synonymous with the word “rights.”
1. Where a particular statute refers in general terms to the laws upon a given subject it will be regarded as including not only the laws then in effect, but also the laws subsequently enacted upon that subject (General Construction Law, Cons. Laws, ch. 22, §§ 48, 110).
2. Under the statute (L. 1895, ch. 615, amd. by L. 1906, ch. 49), afterwards incorporated in the General Municipal Law (Cons. Laws, ch. 24, § 205, amd. L. 1914, ch. 400, § 1), if an active member of a volunteer fire company in a city or incorporated village dies from injuries incurred while in the performance of his duties as such fireman, the city or village shall pay a designated sum to his executor or administrator for the benefit of his next of kin. The charter of the city of Fulton, which was incorporated after the statute of 1895 was in effect, provides (L. 1902, ch. 63, §§ 4,119) that the call men connected with its fire department shall be entitled to the same privileges as are accorded by the law to volunteer firemen. One of these call men, while performing his duties as such, received injuries from which he died. The claim for payment of the sum designated to be paid a volunteer fireman under the general statute, which was presented by his widow, was rejected by the city, and such proceedings were had thereon as that the Appellate Division has held that she is not entitled to payment thereof. Held, upon examination and construction of the statutes cited, that the word “privileges ” as used in the provision giving to the call men “ the same privileges and exemptions as are accorded by the laws of this state to volunteer firemen” is synonymous with the word “rights,” and hence when plaintiff’s intestate became one of the call, firemen there was read into his contract with the city the provision of the statute providing for payment to him, if injured, the sum specified by the statute or to his representatives in case of his death.
Matter of Hammond v. City of Fulton, 176 App. Div. 343, reversed.
(Argued February 28, 1917;
decided March 20, 1917.)
Appeal from an order of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in the fourth judicial department, entered January 16,1917, which reversed an order of the Oswego County Court directing the city of Fulton to pay the claim of the petitioner.
The facts, so far as material, are stated in the opinion.
Thomas Woods for appellant.
The words “ privileges and exemptions ” should not be construed to include only what was covered at the time of the adoption of the charter. (Harris v. White, 81 N. Y. 582; People ex rel. Fox v. Hayden, 133 N. Y. 198.) The statutes in question should be liberally construed. (Black on Interp. of Laws, 320, 321; People ex rel. Fox v. Hayden, 133 N. Y. 198; Roane v. Innes, Wythe [Va.], 62; Walton v. Cotton, 19 How. Pr. 355; Matter of Tobin, 64 App. Div. 375; 53 App. Div. 453; 164 N. Y. 532; People ex rel. Mulvey v. York, 41 App. Div. 419.) The benefits provided by section 205 of the General Municipal Law are incident to the position. (Matter of Mahon v. Board of Education, 171 N. Y. 263; People ex rel. Waddy v. Partridge, 172 N. Y. 305.)
William S. Hillick for respondent.
The deceased was not a volunteer fireman and any right in his administratrix to the payment of the money claimed must be by virtue of section 119 of the city charter. (People ex rel. Conley v. Beach, 203 N. Y. 620.) Section 119 conferred upon call men the privileges and exemptions accorded volunteer firemen and does not include in its terms nor confer the rights accorded the administratrix of a deceased volunteer fireman. The only evidence of the intent of the legislature is the language of the statute. It can receive no other construction than that called for by its language. (People v. Supervisors of Greene, 66 How. Pr. 330; Matter of Miller, 110 N. Y. 222; 47 Hun, 394; Johnson v. H. R. R. Co., 49 N. Y. 455; 2 Sw. 298; Benton v. Wickwire, 54 N. Y. 22; Jackson v. Lewis, 17 Johns. 475; Waterford & Whitehall Turnpike Co. v. People, 9 Barb. 161; People v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 13 N. Y. 78; McCluskey v. Cromwell, 11 N. Y. 602.)

Opinion:
McLaughlin, J.
On the 30th of November, 1915, Leon Hammond, while performing his duties as a call fireman in the city of Fulton, N. Y., received injuries from which he died shortly thereafter. His widow was appointed administratrix of his estate and as such presented a claim, by reason of his death, to the city for $2,500. The claim was rejected and she subsequently presented a petition, in pursuance of section 205 of the General Municipal Law, as amended by subdivision 4, chapter 400 of the Laws of 1914, to the County Court of Oswego county, asking that the city be directed to pay the same. A hearing upon the petition and answer thereto resulted in an order of the County Court directing that the claim be paid. An appeal was taken to the Appellate Division, fourth department, where the order was reversed, one of the justices dissenting, and from its order the present appeal is taken.
The appeal presents a single question, which is, whether, under section 205 of the General Municipal Law, as amended by chapter 400 of the Laws of 1914, and section 119 of the charter of the city of Fulton, the plaintiff, as the administratrix of Leon Hammond, had a valid claim against such city.
The city of Fulton was incorporated under chapter 63 of the Laws of 1902, and when incorporated there were, within its corporate limits, two villages known as Fulton and Oswego Falls, each of which had, prior to the incorporation, a volunteer fire company. Under chapter 615 of the Laws of 1895, if an active member of a volunteer fire company in an incorporated village died from injuries incurred while in the performance of his duties as such fireman the village should pay to his executor or administrator, for the benefit of his next of kin, the sum of $500. This act was amended by chapter 49 of the Laws of 1906, and thereby its provisions were extended to active members of volunteer fire companies in cities. The provision so amended was incorporated 'into the Consolidated Laws and became section 205 of the General Municipal Law, which was in effect at the time the city of Fulton was incorporated. The section was further amended by chapter 400 of the Laws of 1914, and it was under the provisions of the section as thus amended that the claim was made and allowed.
The charter of the city of Fulton provides (§ 4) that all officers and members of the fire departments of the villages of Fulton and Oswego Falls shall be officers and members of the fire department of the city of Fulton and shall perform all the duties devolving upon them as such firemen and have and retain all the rights and privileges in the same manner and in all respects as if the charter had not been enacted (§ 115); that the fire department shall consist of a chief, an assistant chief, eight firemen and as many call men as the board of fire and police commissioners may, from time to time, determine to be necessary (§ 117); the call men shall be paid such compensation per hour for service at fires or when called out for practice or review as shall be determined by the board of fire and police commissioners, not, however, exceeding fifty cents per hour; and section 119 is as follows: " Section 119. Exemption of Firemen from Military and Jury Duty. The chief, assistant chief, and paid men of the said fire department shall be exempt from military and jury duty while in the service of the city, and the call men shall be entitled to the same privileges and exemptions as are accorded by the laws of this state to volunteer firemen."
The plaintiff's intestate lost his life while discharging his duties as one of the call men mentioned in the section just quoted. This section, it will be observed, expressly provides that the call men shall be entitled to the " same privileges and exemptions " as are accorded by the laws of the state to volunteer firemen, and was in force when Hammond entered the service of the city by becoming one of its call men. The small amount paid, in view of the risks to be incurred, does not require that he should be treated otherwise than as a volunteer fireman. A fair construction of section 119 of the charter indicates a legislative intent to give to the call firemen of the city of Fulton every right, privilege and exemption accorded by law to volunteer firemen. This view is strengthened by the provisions of section 4 of the charter, to the effect that the firemen of the villages of Fulton and Oswego Falls shall have and retain all their rights and privileges in the same manner and in all respects as if the charter had not been enacted.
The answer to the question suggested depends upon the meaning to he given to the word " privileges " as used in the statute. The common and ordinary meaning of such word is "A peculiar benefit or advantage; a right or immunity not enjoyed by others or by all." (North River Steamboat Co. v. Livingston, 1 Hopk. Ch. 170.) It is a right peculiar to an individual or body. (Ripley v. Knight, 123 Mass. 515.) It is frequently used in statutes synonymously with the word "rights" (People ex rel. Fox v. Hayden, 133 N. Y. 198) and that is the sense in which it is used in the section quoted. When Hammond became one of the call men, and as such obligated to render service to the city, it knew of the provisions of the statute, as did he. I think there was, therefore, read into his contract the provision of the statute providing for payment to him if injured of the sum specified or to his representatives in case of his death. In the latter case it was in the nature of insurance—a part of the compensation agreed to be paid, and, therefore, did not come within the prohibition of the Constitution. (Article 8, § 10; Matter of Mahon v. Board of Education, N. Y., 171 N. Y. 263; People ex rel. Waddy v. Partridge, 172 N. Y. 305; Mountain Timber Co. v. State of Washington, 243 U. S. 219.)
It is urged, however, and with much force, by counsel for the city, that section 119 of the charter relates only to those privileges which existed when the city was incorporated in 1902; that the words "are accorded" relate to that time and not the future. The contention in this respect, while plausible, seems to me unsound. The General Construction Law (Laws of 1909, chap. 27, § 48, 110) provides that words in the present tense include the future, unless the general object of the statute, or the context of the language used, indicates that a different meaning is intended. This court has held that where a particular statute refers in general terms to the laws upon a given subject it will be regarded as including not only the laws then in effect, but also the laws subsequently enacted upon that subject. (Harris v. White, 81 N. Y. 532, 545.) A call fireman of the city of Fulton, at the time Hammond was killed, was not only entitled to the privileges which existed at the time the charter was enacted, but also to similar privileges thereafter given by the amendment of the General Municipal Law.
Finally it is claimed that under section 119 of the charter the privileges of volunteer firemen given to the call men are to themselves and not to their personal representatives. This is too technical a construction to place upon the section. In construing a statute the purpose of its enactment and the object sought to be accomplished by it must be kept in view, and when this section is read in connection with section 205 of the General Municipal Law, I do not think it susceptible to the- construction claimed. The purpose of the statute was, in case a person became one of the call men, took the risks incident thereto, and was totally disabled while in the discharge of his duties, without fault on his part, to provide means for his support, or in case such injuries resulted in death, the payment of a specified amount to his personal representatives. The statute expressly provides for a payment to be made to those permanently disabled, and a construction which would have the effect of holding that the other provisions of the same section relating to representatives of deceased firemen did not apply, would be not only illogical, but contrary to what I think the legislature intended to accomplish.
The order appealed from, therefore, should be reversed, with costs in this court and the Appellate Division, and the determination of the County Court affirmed.
Hiscock, Oh. J., Hogan, Pound and Andrews, JJ., concur; Chase and Cuddeback, JJ., dissent.
Order reversed, etc.