Case Name: NESBITT v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1912-02-14
Citations: 144 S.W. 944
Docket Number: 
Parties: NESBITT v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 144
Pages: 944–947

Head Matter:
NESBITT v. STATE.
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Feb. 14, 1912.)
1.Embezzlement (§ 38*) — Admission of Evidence.
. In a prosecution under Penal Code 1911, art. 940, making one guilty of theft who embezzles, or fraudulently converts to his own use, property intrusted to him for delivery to another, in which it appeared that accused, after having induced the prosecuting witness to deposit money then in another bank in a bank in which accused was a stockholder, took a 860 check from him, and deposited it in his own name, instead of in the name of the prosecuting witness as agreed, evidence was admissible that prosecuting witness had money on deposit in the other bank to meet the check when it was issued.
[Ed. Note. — Eor other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. §§ 61, 65, 66; Dec. Dig. § 38. ]
2. Embezzlement (§ 38 ) — Prosecution—Admission of Evidence.
The check given to accused by prosecuting witness and described in the indictment was also admissible in evidence.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. §§ 61, 65, 66; Dec. Dig. § 38. ]
3. Embezzlement (§ 38 ) — Prosecution-Admission of Evidence.
In a prosecution for embezzling the proceeds of a check given to accused by the prosecuting witness for deposit to the maker’s credit in a hank in which accused owned stock in which one count alleged conversion of a check, and another of its proceeds, evidence was admissible that accused deposited the check to his own credit, and that witness, an official of the bank, had the original deposit slip showing that fact, and that, after depositing the check, accused gave the cashier a cheek for the amount, which was credited against one of accused’s notes.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. §§ 61, 65, 66; Dec. Dig. § 38. ]
4. Embezzlement (§ 35 ) — Prosecution— Admission of Evidence.
Where the indictment in a prosecution for embezzling a check alleged that accused fraudulently embezzled and converted the check to his own use, evidence was admissible that he received the proceeds of the check as -a credit on a note he owed the bank.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. §§ 55-59; Dec. Dig. § 35. ]
5. Embezzlement (§ 38 ) — Prosecution-Admission of Evidence.
In a prosecution for embezzling the proceeds of a check given to accused to deposit for another, evidence by prosecuting witness that he had to sell his buggy and team to pay off two notes which he had signed for accused was not admissible, being calculated to prejudice him with the jury.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. §§ 61, 65, 66; Dec. Dig. § 38. ]
6. Cbiminal Daw (§ 369 ) — Evidence—Other Offenses.
In a prosecution for embezzling the proceeds of a check given accused to deposit for another, it was error to admit evidence that accused had committed a crime in dealing with others.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 822-824; Dec. Dig. § 369. ]
7. Embezzlement (§ 42 ) — Admission of Evidence.
In a prosecution for embezzling the proceeds of a check given to accused to deposit for another, evidence as to what property accused owned, or the amount of, or his failure to pay, his debts, was not admissible.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. § 64; Dee. Dig. § 42. ]
8. Embezzlement (§ 23 ) — Defenses—Repayment.
The fact that accused intended to repay the amount converted would not be a defense to a prosecution for embezzling the proceeds of a check given to accused to deposit for another, so that it was immaterial whether accused intended to pay back the amount of the check out of the proceeds of certain notes..
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Cent. Dig. §§ 31-35%; Dec. Dig..§ 23. ]
9. Embezzlement (§ 43 ) — Prosecution-Admission of Evidence — Intention of Accused.
In a prosecution for embezzling the proceeds of a check given to accused to deposit for another, a letter written by accused after converting the proceeds, stating that he told the owner of the check about using the proceeds not less than a week after he received the check, was admissible as tending to show whether the owner gave him authority to use the cheek, or whether accused thought he had authority to so use it.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Dec. Dig. § 43. ]
10. Embezzlement (§ 43 ) — Prosecution-Admission of Evidence.
A letter written by accused to the owner of a check shortly after its alleged embezzlement, stating that the owner knew that what accused did had been intentionally honest, and that he had meant no wrong and had not desired to beat him out of a cent, was admissible on the question whether accused had authority to use the proceeds of the check for himself.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Embezzlement, Dee. Dig. § 43. ]
11. Witnesses (§ 361 ) — Impeachheni^Sup-porting Impeached Witness.
The state could introduce evidence to support a state’s witness sought to be impeached by proving his reputation for truth and veracity.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Gent. Dig. §§ 1167-1175; Dec. Dig. § 361. ]
Appeal from District Court, Coryell County; J. H. Arnold, Judge.
G. M. Nesbitt was convicted of embezzling the proceeds of a check given him for deposit for another, and he appeals.
Reversed and remanded.
S. P. Sadler, for appellant. J. R. McClellan, Dist. Atty., and C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key No. Series & Rep’r Indexes

Opinion:
HARPER, J.
Appellant was indicted under article 940 of the Penal Code of 1911 in one count; it being alleged that, he being a private person, one H. L. Smith did intrust and deliver to him a check for $60 to be deposited in the Farmers' National Bank at Gates-ville, Tex.; that defendant failed to deposit said check in said bank, and did fraudulently embezzle and fraudulently convert to his own use the said check. In another count it is alleged that defendant appropriated the money received on said check. Appellant did not move to quash the indictment, but after announcement for trial, objected to the introduction of any evidence on the ground that the indictment alleged no offense under the laws of this state. The indictment in this ease is drawn in accordance with the form laid down in White's Penal Code (section 1632), and is in accordance with the decision of this court in Nassitts v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 5, 34 S. W. 957, and the court did not err in admitting evidence thereunder.
In this ease the state's evidence would show that H. L. Smith had money on deposit in the Gatesville National Bank, and appellant was a stockholder in the Farmers' National Bank, and appellant solicited the prosecuting witness to change and do business with the Farmers' National Bank. This was after banking hours, and, when Smith agreed to do business with the Farmers' National Bank, appellant suggested to him to give him a check, and he would deposit for Smith next morning when the bank opened. He did not deposit the check to Smith's account, but deposited it to his (appellant's) account, and used the money himself. The state proved by Smith that he had the money on deposit in the Gatesville National Bank at the time he gave the check, to which appellant objected. Article 940 provides that, if ofie intrusted with property to be carried and delivered by him to some other person shall embezzle or fraudulently convert to his own use such property, he shall be deemed guilty of theft, and shall be punished ;as is prescribed for that offense. The indictment alleged the check to be of the valu.e of $60. If Smith had no money in the bapk, the cheek would have been of no value, ^and as it is necessary to prove that the property embezzled or converted has sometí value, and its value must be at least $50 to constitute a felony, there was no error in admitting this testimony on the question/ of the value of the property.
The state offered the check in evidence giv4n by Smith to Nesbitt, and described in /the indictment. In this there was no error1' and the objections stated in the bill are not! tenable.
Leake Ayres testified that he was an officer in the First National Bank, and that appellant deposited the check to his (appellant's) credit, at that bank, saying: "I have the original deposit slip showing that the Smith cheek was deposited to defendant's credit for the amount of $60." The witness further testified that, after depositing the cheek, appellant gave A. R. Williams, cashier of the bank, a cheek for the amount, and it went to the credit of one of appellant's notes. Defendant objected to this testimony on the ground that the indictment alleged "an appropriation of the proceeds of the check, to wit, $60, in current money of the United States, and that the testimony shows he received no money," and other objections stated in bills 3 and 4. The first count in the indictment alleged conversion of the check, and the second the proceeds of the cheek, an'd there was no error in admitting the testimony. Defendant in his testimony admitted that he had deposited the check to his credit, and had checked it out the same day, and had the amount credited on a note due by him, giving a new note for the remainder due.
Neither was there error in permitting the witness to testify that "Nesbitt (appellant) received the proceeds of the check, or received the money in the way of credit on the note that he owed the bank." The first count in the indictment alleges that appellant did "fraudulently embezzle and fraudulently convert said check to his (appellant's) own use and benefit," and this evidence would be admissible under this allegation.
Davis Trout, a witness for defendant, had testified that the prosecuting witness Smith had told him that he had let appellant have a check, and appellant had collected and used the proceeds, and that appellant had told him, Smith, about it, and he had told appellant it was all right provided he paid it back in a few days. On cross-examination he was permitted to testify as shown by bill of exceptions: "We were talking about Hall and Freeland, and it finally drifted. to this check. Smith asked me if I knew what Hall and Freeland intended to do, and said that he had a conversation with Hall, and proposed to Hall that for him and Free-land and Hall to go together and indict Guy in one bill, and maybe that could do more with him, and in that conversation he said something about having to sell his buggy and team to pay off two notes for about $500 which he had gone on for defendant." Various objections were urged to this testimony, and it was error to admit it. The prosecuting witness had testified that he signed the two notes, and appellant was guilty of no offense in failing to pay them, and it was calculated to prejudice the jury against him to admit testimony that the person who signed the notes had to sell his buggy and team on account of default of appellant.
These two notes had no connection with the transaction for which appellant was being prosecuted, and no criminal charge would lie in that transaction. It was also error to admit testimony that in his dealings with Hall and Freeland he had also committed a crime. Appellant was on trial for conversion of a check and appropriating the proceeds, and the testimony should have been limited to evidence bearing on that transaction.
Again, in bill No. 11, appellant complains of the following proceedings: "While the defendant G. M. Nesbitt was on the stand testifying in his own behalf, on cross-examination by the state, the court permitted the state to prove by the witness, over the objections of the defendant, as follows: T would not swear to what I owed at the time I got the check from Smith, because I did not keep an itemized account. I was in debt, but I don't know how much. Xes; I owed the First National Bank principal and interest about $2,800 to $3,000. I will state that my indebtedness aggregated something near $5,000, and probably more. At the time I got that check from Smith, nor at any other time, did I make known to him my financial condition. Q. What property did you have at the time? The Court: At the time he gave the cheek he can answer. Q. Is it not a fact that the only property you owned at the time was an interest in a farm out here at Coryell City, which you sold to your father for $2,000 of notes ? A. No, sir; I had some horses. I could not tell you how many. I had one I know. It was here in Gatesville. That is all the property I had, the interest in the farm that I sold my father and this one horse. I had some town property in west Texas. I do not remember what I paid for the west Texas property. I bought these lots a good while before that. They were worth $250. The horse was worth $200. I had a half interest in the business. I hardly know what kind of an asset you would call it. I had just bought in with AVells the right to do business. I do not recall what I did have at the time. Q. Ac-, cording to your own testimony, you owed $5,000, and you had not over $2,500 worth of property. A. My land was worth more than that. It was 48 acres of land. I sold my interest in this land in the following August or September to my father for $2,000, and took notes strung out for 10 years. According to my own statement, I owed $5,000 or $6,000, and had on hand about $2,400 worth of assets. I did not make known at the time I got this check anything about my financial condition. It was not mentioned.' To all of which testimony the defendant at the time objected because same was immaterial and irrelevant, and could serve no other purpose than to prejudice the jury against the defendant, and was not material to elucidate or explain any issue before the jury."
What property the defendant owned, or the amount of his debts, was not an issue in the case, neither was the fact that he had failed to pay his debts. The only issue was, Did the prosecuting witness authorize appellant to use the check as testified to by himself, or did he embezzle and convert it without the consent of Smith?
If he 'did fraudulently convert it, he was guilty of an offense, and the good faith of appellant in his promises to repay the amount would not render it less a crime; in fact, if he had repaid the amount, if he fraudulently converted property to his own use when intrusted to him to be delivered to another, it would be no defense that he intended to repay it. This evidence would not tend to shed any light on whether he was guilty of conversion of the check or not, and should not have been admitted in evidence. This ruling also applies to the letter written by appellant to Mrs. Smith, dated Hereford, Tex., February 27, 1909, and the testimony relating to the $2,000 land notes recited in bills Nos. 11 and 12. It would be immaterial whether Smith was to have been paid out of these notes a year after the check is alleged to have been converted, or whether appellant intended to pay him out of the proceeds of these notes. As hereinbefore said, if, when pressed, appellant had paid the amount, the crime, if a crime, had been committed, and paying the money back would have been no defense. The letter throws no light on whether appellant was guilty of conversion or not. It only would have a bearing on whether appellant intended to repay the amount he had obtained by reason of his use of the check. The letter of appellant to his brother, and the agreement of O. R. Nesbitt with reference to these land notes, should not have been admitted in evidence. Both of these instruments, the letter and agreement, are dated long subsequent to the cashing of the check, and use of the money by appellant, and would not aid the jury in passing on the question of whether he had authority of Mr. Smith to use the check at the time he did appropriate it.
The letter written by appellant to Miller & Morgan wherein he states, "When he gave me the check for the money, and I used it, I told him about the matter in less than a week after he gave me the cheek," is admissible in evidence, as it tends to show whether or not Smith gave him authority to use the check, or appellant thought he had authority to use it.
The letter written to Mr. Smith, dated, "Hereford, March 24," wherein appellant states: "Xou know what I have done has been as intentionally honest as any one co'uld do, etc. I have meant no wrong or desiied to beat you or any one out of one cent"---is also admissible, or so much thereof as relates to the $60 transaction, -and would aid the jury In passing on whether appellant did or did not have authority to use it at the time he used it.
It was not error to permit the state to introduce testimony to support its witness Smith, after appellant had introduced testimony to impeach him, and it was admissible to prove his general reputation for truth and veracity in this state of the record.
There are a number of other bills of exceptions in the record, but we do not deem it necessary to pass on each separately, as we think we have made it clear that all evidence which tends to show whether or not appellant had authority to use the check, or believed he had authority, is admissible in evidence, but evidence of these extraneous transactions happening long after the check was used by appellant, and which would only tend to show his intention to repay the amount, or his financial ability, are inadmissible. It would be immaterial if appellant was solvent or insolvent, if Mr. Smith authorized him to use the cheek.
For the errors above pointed out, the judgment in this case is reversed, and the cause is remanded.