Case Name: Jep BARBOUR v. Philip GUNN
Court: Mississippi Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Mississippi
Decision Date: 2004-04-08
Citations: 890 So. 2d 843
Docket Number: No. 2003-EC-02169-SCT
Parties: Jep BARBOUR v. Philip GUNN.
Judges: WALLER, P.J., EASLEY AND CARLSON, JJ., CONCUR. COBB, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED'BY SMITH, C.J., AND DICKINSON, J. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 890
Pages: 843–852

Head Matter:
Jep BARBOUR v. Philip GUNN.
No. 2003-EC-02169-SCT.
Supreme Court of Mississippi.
April 8, 2004.
David C. Dunbar, Jackson, attorney for appellant.
Trey Christian Dellinger, Jackson, attorney for appellee.

Opinion:
GRAVES, Justice,
for the Court.
¶ 1. Jep Barbour was originally certified as the winner of the Mississippi House of Representatives District 56 race in the August 5, 2003, Republican primary election. His opponent in the primary, Philip Gunn, filed an election contest on September 8, 2003, with the State Republican Executive Committee (SREC). After meeting with the SREC, but prior to a scheduled hearing on the matter, Gunn filed for judicial review in the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds County. After hearing the matter, in circuit court, Special Judge Forrest A. Johnson, Jr., ordered that a new election be held in two precincts, one of which was not included in the text of a resolution of the Legislature as being in House District 56. Barbour filed a notice of appeal and a motion for stay with this Court. An order was entered on October 7, 2003, denying the stay, but expediting the appeal. The special election was held on October 14, 2003, and the results placed Gunn ahead of Barbour. By order of October 30, 2003, this Court affirmed the decision of the trial court with an opinion to follow; this is that opinion.
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS IN THE TRIAL COURT
¶ 2. In the House District 56 Republican primary election on August 5, 2003, Barbour defeated Gunn by a vote of 2,804 to 2,787. Gunn filed a contest with the SREC on September 8, 2003, alleging that errors in some precincts prevented citizens of District 56 from voting in the election.
¶ 3. To ensure substantial population balance in House Districts, some voting precincts are subdivided. For example, one precinct in Clinton is subdivided into three "sub-precincts" — A, B, and C. Pursuant to Joint Resolution 1 of the Mississippi Legislature, House District 56 includes the Hinds County precincts of Pinehaven, Brownsville, Tinnin, Clinton 1(C1), Clinton 2(C2B) and Clinton 3(C3), all of which are split, and precincts in Warren, Yazoo and Madison counties. Clinton 2 is further divided into sub-precincts A, B and C; only precinct C2B is in House District 56.
¶ 4. Gunn asserted in his election contest that there were errors in the Cl and C2 precincts; specifically, that the names of 216 voters who live in the C2 precinct were put in the wrong poll book. He also alleged some voters were barred from voting because they were erroneously placed in the wrong district. Gunn asserted that 38 voters who live in C2A were allowed to vote in the C2B House District 56 race and that those illegal votes were in the Clinton 2B box.
¶ 5. Gunn also argued that the streets of Brookwood, Belle Place and the west side of .Bellevue Street in Clinton are in House District 56, but that the Hinds County Executive Committee (HCEC) incorrectly decided the streets were not in House District 56. Gunn attached documentation stating that the aforementioned streets were shown on a census map to be in Cl and in House District 56. Gunn asked that those citizens on certain streets allegedly denied the right to vote in the district be allowed to do so or, in the alternative, that a new election be held for the whole precinct.
¶ 6. The SREC chairman, legal counsel, executive director, Gunn, Barbour, and their respective counsel met on September 8, 2003, and set a full hearing date on Gunn's contest for October 2, 2003. October 2 was the earliest date that a hearing could be set because of scheduling conflicts with both parties. On September 16, 2003, Gunn filed a "Petition for Emergency Hearing, Injunctive Relief, and Judicial Relief' in the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds County.
¶ 7. In his circuit court' petition, Gunn asked the court to declare C4, the precinct containing the streets of Brookwood, Belle Place, and the west side of Bellevue Street, to be a split precinct, with the portion containing the referenced streets to be in House 56. C4 is listed in the text of the Joint Resolution of the Mississippi Legislature as a whole precinct in House District 72. Gunn asked this Court to order a new election in C4 or, in the alternative, reexamine the boundaries of C4 and order a new election in Cl. The trial court found that the Joint Resolution of the Legislature was in error because it conflicted with the map. The map was determined to be the best and proper authority for determining the correct content of District 56, and the listing of Clinton 4 in District 72 was judged to be an error or oversight which was subservient to the map. The trial court then ordered revotes in C2B and C4.
¶ 8. Barbour filed his notice of appeal on October 2, 2003, and filed a Motion for Order Staying Circuit Court Order and/or Alternatively, for Emergency and Expedited Review and Consideration with this Court. This Court denied the motion for stay by an order entered October 7, 2003, but granted an expedited review of the appeal. The new elections in C2B and C4 were held on October 14, 2003, with a total of 432 votes cast, of which 420 were cast for Gunn and 12 were cast for Barbour. This was an increase from the 344 total votes cast on August 5 when Gunn only garnered 301 votes to Barbour's 43. The district totals shifted accordingly; Gunn's totals after the primary were 2,787 votes, which grew to 2,906 after the revote. Barbour lost votes, going from his original total of 2,804 votes to 2,773 votes. Gunn won the election by 133 votes, despite his previous "loss" by seventeen votes.
¶ 9. This Court entered an order on October 30, 2003, affirming the trial court and now considers three issues:
I. Did the trial court have authority to hear the issue?
II. Could the trial court properly allow a partial revote?
III. Is the Census map or the Joint Resolution of the House controlling?
¶ 10. For the reasons discussed below, we find that the trial court did have authority to hear the election contest; that the partial revote was proper; and that the census map, rather then the Joint Resolution, controls the House Districts. Thus, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
DISCUSSION
¶ 11. All five Hinds County Election Commissioners who attended the September 29, 2003, hearing as advisors on Gunn's petition agreed with the factual findings of the trial court. Their unanimous agreement places those findings outside the review of this Court. See Miss. Code Ann. § 23-15-933 (Rev.2001) ("If the findings of fact have been concurred in by all the commissioners in attendance, provided as many as three (3) commissioners are and have been in attendance, the facts shall not be subject to appellate review."). All questions of law are considered de novo by this Court. See Saliba v. Saliba, 753 So.2d 1095,1098 (Miss.2000).
I. Did the trial court have authority to hear the issue?
¶ 12. On appeal, Barbour asserts that Gunn had no statutory authority to file his petition in circuit court — partially because he did not give the SREC a reasonable opportunity to act upon his petition. Barbour further asserts that the necessary requirements were not met for Gunn to proceed under Miss.Code Ann. § 23-15-927 (Rev.2001), which states in part:
When and after any contest has been filed with the county executive committee, or complaint with the State Executive Committee, and the said executive committee having jurisdiction shall fail to promptly meet or having met shall fail or unreasonably delay to fully act upon the contest or complaint, or shall fail to give with reasonable promptness the full relief required by the facts and the law, the contestant shall have the right forthwith to file in the circuit court of the county wherein the irregularities are charged to have occurred . a sworn copy of his said protest or complaint, together with a sworn petition, setting forth with particularity wherein the executive committee has wrongfully failed to act or to fully and promptly investigate or has wrongfully denied the relief prayed by said contest, with a prayer for a judicial review thereof . The filing of such petition for judicial review in the manner set forth above shall automatically supersede and suspend the operation and effect of the order, ruling or judgment of the executive committee appealed from.
¶ 13. Gunn asserts in defense that the SREC. did not schedule a hearing in a timely manner, that the SREC officials indicated they may not have the authority to grant the relief he was requesting, and that there was not enough time before the general election to await the proceedings of the SREC. The trial court proceeded to hear the matter, asserting the broad powers vested in it by the Mississippi Election Code and a demand for timeliness; the general election was only thirty-six days away at the time of the hearing.
¶ 14. This Court agrees that the trial court properly found that it had jurisdiction to proceed in this matter. Miss. Code Ann. § 23-15-927 plainly states that an election "contestant shall have the right forthwith to file in the circuit court of the county wherein the irregularities are charged to have occurred," if the "executive committee having jurisdiction shall fail to promptly meet or having met shall fail or unreasonably delay to fully act upon the contest or complaint, or shall fail to give with reasonable promptness the full relief required by the facts and the law." (emphases added).
¶ 15. So there is a simple test to be considered for filing a contest in circuit court: the committee having jurisdiction must fail to promptly meet, or unreasonably delay action, or fail to give prompt relief. The SREC officials were concerned they would not have time before the general election to decide the issue; therefore Gunn seized the reins of his complaint and steered it directly to circuit court. Taking the facts of this case as true, which we are bound to do, this is a completely permissible procedure. It is clear from the face of Miss.Code Ann. § 23-15-927 that a trial court has jurisdiction in these rare circumstances. In addition, the trial court made a factual finding that the general election was so near at hand that a revote was needed immediately to preserve the rights of voters.
¶ 16. The statute was crafted in that fashion to preserve the voices of the voters of Mississippi. If the trial court could not hear such a complaint, a contested primary might very well drag on past the general election, thereby disenfranchising the members of a political party. This is not permissible. The right to vote is an important badge of citizenship that should be treasured by all citizens, and Mississippi courts must safeguard it accordingly. The trial court acted in accordance with the will of the Legislature and in the best interests of the citizens of Mississippi by taking jurisdiction of the election contest.
II. Could the trial court properly allow a partial revote?
¶ 17. Miss.Code Ann. § 23-15-593 controls the contesting of primary elections. That section allows an executive committee, an election commission, or a "court upon review" to order a partial revote when "it is found that there have been failures in material particulars to comply with the requirements of Section 23-15-591 [requirements and security regarding the results of the election] and Section 23-15-895 [regulation of campaign material within 150 feet of polls] to such an extent that it is impossible to arrive at the will of the voters at such precinct." (emphasis added). More simply put, if the specified failures are present, and the will of the voters cannot be determined, a re-vote is proper.
¶ 18. We have little precedent regarding the application of Section 23-15-593. Rizzo v. Bizzell, 530 So.2d 121 (Miss.1988), concerned a contested supervisor's race in Bolivar County where a candidate's sister-in-law handed out campaign literature too close to a polling place, in violation of § 23-15-895. Id. at 122. Yet "[t]he special judge . found that the violation was technical, not 'material,' and [so] the will of the voters at that precinct could be ascertained [without a revote]." Id. at 127.
¶ 19. In the case sub judice, the problems are not "technical;" an entire sub- precinct was not allowed to vote. There can be no Rizzo interpretation of "the will of the voters," because those voters were never allowed to vote. This case is markedly different from Rizzo, and the trial court appropriately ordered a revote in the excluded areas in complete accordance with procedures mandated by the Legislature. Because they were mistakenly not allowed to vote the first time, those voters were properly allowed to vote by the trial court.
III. Is the Census map or the Joint Resolution of the House controlling?
¶ 20. The Census map attached to the Joint Resolution controlling redistricting shows that C4 is a split precinct with a portion edging into House District 56. Yet language in Joint Resolution 1 states that C4 is a whole precinct that exists in District 72.
¶ 21. The ambiguity was correctly resolved by the trial court. The language of the Joint Resolution demanded that the Census maps be used to determine precinct lines. Specifically, the resolution set "boundaries of the House of Representatives districts" according to three guiding principles: first, counties were to appear "as they existed on January 1, 2002;" secondly, precinct boundaries were delineated by "Census 2000 redistricting maps;" and last, maps were also to be guided by "boundaries of the census tracts or blocks . contained in Census 2000 redistricting maps." The resolution went on to state that "[i]t is also intended that no district shall include any of the area included within any description of any other district." (emphasis added).
¶ 22. The clear language of the Joint Resolution is that the Census map should control all districts. The Census Map shows C4 within District 56. The trial court correctly ruled on the issue.
CONCLUSION
¶ 23. For the above reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
¶ 24. AFFIRMED.
WALLER, P.J., EASLEY AND CARLSON, JJ., CONCUR. COBB, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED'BY SMITH, C.J., AND DICKINSON, J. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
. If there had been "not so many as three (3) of the commissioners . in attendance, or if one or more commissioners dissent[ed]," it is within our power to make our own factual findings, since, "upon review [of those cases] . the Supreme Court may make such findings as the evidence requires." Miss.Code Ann. § 23-15-933 (emphasis added).
. We do not address, nor do we need to, whether the SREC could have determined the matter itself.