Case Name: AVEMCO INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NORTHERN COLORADO AIR CHARTER, INC., Defendant-Appellant
Court: Colorado Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Colorado
Decision Date: 2000-09-28
Citations: 25 P.3d 1238
Docket Number: No. 99CA1262
Parties: AVEMCO INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NORTHERN COLORADO AIR CHARTER, INC., Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Judge METZGER concurs.
Reporter: Pacific Reporter 3d
Volume: 25
Pages: 1238–1241

Head Matter:
AVEMCO INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NORTHERN COLORADO AIR CHARTER, INC., Defendant-Appellant.
No. 99CA1262.
Colorado Court of Appeals, Div. I.
Sept. 28, 2000.
Rehearing Denied Dec. 7, 2000.
Certiorari Granted July 2, 2001.
Tienken & Hill, LLP., James C. Tienken, Alan G. Hill, Louisville, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Fonfara Law Offices, Joseph P. Fonfara, Fort Collins, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant.
Jones, J., would GRANT.

Opinion:
Opinion by
Judge KAPELKE.
In this declaratory judgment action concerning aircraft insurance coverage, defendant, Northern Colorado Air Charter, Inc. (NCAC), appeals from the summary judgment entered by the trial court in favor of plaintiff, Avemeo Insurance Company (Avem-eo). The court held that NCAC's acceptance and cashing of Avemeo's check refunding all insurance premiums paid under the insurance policy constituted a mutual rescission of the policy as a matter of law. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
In 1997, Avemeco issued a commercial aviation insurance policy to NCAC. A few months later, after one of its insured aircraft was struck by lightning and rendered unserviceable, NCAC filed a claim with Avemeco.
In the course of investigating the claim, Avemeo discovered what it believed were misrepresentations by NCAC in its insurance application. On April 13, 1998, Avem-co, through its claims manager, sent a letter to NCAC, denying coverage because of "a material misrepresentation in [the] signed application for insurance" and purporting to rescind the insurance policy based on the alleged misrepresentation. Specifically, Avemeo claimed NCAC had falsely stated that it had not had any accidents, incidents, losses, or insurance claims in the past when, in fact, one of its aircraft had been involved in a collision with a parked aircraft. .
In its letter, Avemeo stated: "As a result of this misrepresentation, Avemeo Insurance Company is rescinding your current 1997/1998 policy from inception and will be refunding premium paid in the amount of $10,381.81 under separate cover." sent NCAC a check in that amount. Avemeco
Thereafter, Avemeo brought this declaratory judgment action, seeking a determination that no coverage existed and that the policy was rescinded and void ab initio by reason of the alleged misrepresentation. NCAC denied Avemeo's allegations and asserted counterclaims, including one for breach of contract.
After it had filed its answer and counterclaim, NCAC cashed the refund check Avem-co had sent it and retained the proceeds.
The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment on the issue of coverage. In its motion, Avemeo asserted, as pertinent here, that "a mutual rescission of the policy [had] occurred because [NCAC] [had] cashed the premium refund check."
Based on its reading of Equitable Life Insurance Co. v. Verploeg, 123 Colo. 246, 227 P.2d 333 (1951), which it found to be disposi-tive, the trial court held that, by cashing the refund check and accepting the proceeds, NCAC had agreed to rescission of the insurance policy. Accordingly, the court entered summary judgment in favor of Avemeo, determining that the policy was rescinded and void from the inception. The court dismissed NCAC's counterclaims. This appeal followed.
Defendant contends that the trial court erred in holding that Verploeg is dispositive and compels a finding of rescission as a matter of law. We agree.
In Verploeg, the insurer issued three life insurance policies to the insured. All three policies contained a provision that disability benefits were to be terminated upon insured's engaging in military service in time of war. When the insurer learned that the insured had been ordered into active duty, it notified him that the disability benefits had been terminated and enclosed a check representing a refund of unearned premiums under the policies. The insured later endorsed and cashed the refund check. In reversing the trial court ruling in favor of the insured, the supreme court stated: "We believe that, under the facts as disclosed, there has been a rescission of the disability benefits in the policies in dispute." Equitable Insurance Co. v. Verploeg, supra, 123 Colo. at 252, 227 P.2d at 335 (emphasis added).
The Verploeg court went on to point out that the insured had retained the check for over four months, and had also endorsed and negotiated it. In addition, the court stated:
[AJfter that a period of over five months ensued before insured petitioned for reinstatement under the policy provisions. This latter act would seem again to confirm the fact that insured knew, and recognized, that the disability provisions were no longer effective. In the meantime he had continued to pay ordinary life premiums on the policies, while no payments were being made on account of the disability provisions.
Equitable Life Insurance Co. v. Verploeg, supra, 123 Colo. at 253, 227 P.2d at 336.
In light of these additional cireuam-stances, we do not read Verploeg as holding that the mere cashing of a check for return of premiums always effects a mutual rescission as a matter of law.
Our view of Verploeg is consistent with the holding of courts in other jurisdictions that the mere fact that an insured cashes a refund check is not by itself sufficient to constitute rescission as a matter of law. Thompson v. Occidental Life Insurance Co., 9 Cal.3d 904, 109 Cal.Rptr. 473, 513 P.2d 353 (1973). Indeed, as the court recognized in Mutual of Omaha Insurance Co. v. Korengold, 308 Minn. 457, 241 N.W.2d 651 (1976):
There may be many instances in which an uninformed and unsophisticated insured will cash a refund check sent to him by an insurance company, which intends by sending the check to divest itself of responsibility under the policy. In such a case rescission should not be established solely because the insured cashes the check. Any contrary rule could lead to gross unfairness to an insured who for various reasons, including sheer financial necessity, may feel compelled to cash a refund check even though he vigorously disagrees that there was any misrepresentation in obtaining the insurance.
See also 2 G. Couch, Couch on Insurance § 32:87 (L.R. Russ 3d ed.1997).
Here, NCAC filed an answer and counterclaim denying that Avemeo had a right to rescind the policy and seeking both damages and a declaration that Avemeo was required to provide coverage. After cashing the check, NCAC continued to deny that Avemeo had a right to rescind.
Further, in response to Avemeo's motion for summary judgment, NCAC filed affidavits of its corporate officers averring that they had not agreed on behalf of NCAC to a mutual rescission of the policy. In addition, the affidavits contain denials that NCAC had made material misrepresentations in the insurance application.
Mutual rescission requires assent by both parties obligated under the contract. There must be a meeting of the minds, and the rescission must be with the clear knowledge and understanding of the parties. Western Air Lines v. Hollenbeck, 124 Colo. 130, 235 P.2d 792 (1951). Where a mutual rescission is founded on the conduct of the parties, such conduct must be inconsistent with the existence of the contract. Esecson v. Bushnell, 663 P.2d 258 (Colo.App.1983).
Whether the parties assented to a mutual rescission is an issue of fact. Randall v. Carroll, 30 Colo.App. 45, 488 P.2d 250 (1971).
In Verploeg, the court emphasized that the conduct of the insured after cashing the check evidenced an understanding that the disability coverage was no longer in effect. Here, however, NCAC has continuously denied that it agreed to a rescission and has vigorously defended the lawsuit. The only conduct that could be interpreted as being consistent with an agreement to rescind is NCAC's cashing of the check.
As noted, the question of intent to rescind is one of fact. Burnford v. Blanning, 189 Colo. 292, 540 P.2d 337 (1975). Under the cireumstances here, we conclude that there remain genuine issues of material fact as to whether the parties intended a mutual rescission and also as to whether NCAC made material misrepresentations in its policy application. Thus, summary judgment should not have been entered.
The judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judge METZGER concurs.
Judge JONES dissents.