Case Name: Ferencia FIRMANTO, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2012-06-11
Citations: 471 F. App'x 62
Docket Number: No. 10-1115-ag
Parties: Ferencia FIRMANTO, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 471
Pages: 62–64

Head Matter:
Ferencia FIRMANTO, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
No. 10-1115-ag.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
June 11, 2012.
H. Raymond Fasano, New York, NY, for Petitioner.
Tony West, Assistant Attorney General; Blair T. O’Connor, Assistant Director; Don G. Scroggin, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
PRESENT: ROSEMARY S. POOLER, PETER W. HALL, and GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
Petitioner, Ferencia Firmanto, a native and citizen of Indonesia, seeks review of the February 26, 2010, and April 20, 2006, decisions of the BIA affirming the October 22, 2004, decision of Immigration Judge ("IJ") Adam Opaciuch denying her application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"). In re Firmanto, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. Feb. 26, 2010, Apr. 20, 2006), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Oct. 22, 2004). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history of the case.
Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed both the IJ's and the BIA's opinions "for the sake of completeness." Zaman v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 233, 237 (2d Cir.2008). The applicable standards of review are well-established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); see also Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir.2009).
Because Firmanto does not challenge the agency's denial of CAT relief, or either asylum or withholding of removal based on an individualized fear of future harm separate from her alleged past persecution, we address the merits of her petition only as it pertains to asylum and withholding of removal based on past persecution and a claimed pattern or practice of persecution against Christian and ethnic Chinese Indonesians. See Yueqing Zhang v. Gonzales, 426 F.3d 540, 541 n. 1, 545 n. 7 (2d Cir. 2005).
The agency erred by mischaracterizing the record and by either ignoring record evidence supporting Firmanto's claim or failing to provide sufficient reasoning to explain why the incidents of harm Firmanto suffered did not cumulatively amount to persecution. See Delgado v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 702, 705 (2d Cir.2007) (requiring the agency to provide a "minimum level of analysis" and "some indication that the IJ considered material evidence supporting a petitioner's claim"). Given that Firmanto testified that during an incident in 1998 several men surrounded her and ripped off her school uniform such that she had to cover her breasts and thought she would have been raped if she had not been helped to escape, and stated in her written application that during an incident in 1999 individuals pointed a knife at her and "touched [her] private parts," the IJ's statement that there was "no indication of any type of physical mistreatment" mischaracterized the record.
Accordingly, the agency either ignored these incidents, or failed to explain why a sexual assault on one occasion and an attempted sexual assault on another occasion did not amount to persecution when considered with the other harms Firmanto claims to have suffered. See Tian-Yong Chen v. INS, 359 F.3d 121, 128 (2d Cir. 2004) (determining that the agency "made a fundamental error" by ignoring petitioner's testimony that he had been beaten and "flatly asserting that no such testimony existed in the record"). Thus, given that this Court has held that there is no requirement of "permanent or serious injury" to support a finding of past persecution where the definition encompasses "a variety of forms of adverse treatment, including non-life[-]threatening violence and physical abuse or non-physical forms of harm," Edimo-Doualla v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 276, 283 (2d Cir.2006) (alteration in original), the agency's past persecution finding is flawed and remand is required for the agency to determine whether, ab sent the error and in full consideration of all incidents of mistreatment, Firmanto suffered harm in the aggregate rising to the level of persecution. See Tian-Yong Chen, 359 F.3d at 128-29.
The agency reasonably concluded that Firmanto failed to establish the existence of a pattern or practice of persecution against Christians and ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. Country conditions evidence in the record indicated that, while there continued to be incidents of harm against Chinese Christians, Firmanto did not establish a pattern or practice of persecution. See Santoso v. Holder, 580 F.3d 110, 112 (2d Cir.2009) (upholding agency conclusion of no pattern or practice of persecution in case involving similar country conditions evidence). Accordingly, we deny the petition in part. While Firmanto argues that the agency did not consider all of the country conditions evidence presented, the BIA referenced and cited to evidence in the record, and so we find the record does not compellingly suggest that the agency failed to consider any evidence. See Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 338 n. 17 (2d Cir.2006).
Although the agency did not err in concluding that Firmanto failed to establish a pattern or practice of persecution, because the agency's past persecution finding is flawed, and because a finding of past persecution can be a basis for granting relief and creates a presumption of a well-founded fear of persecution, remand to the agency is still required. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1). On remand, the agency need not further address Firmanto's assertion that she will suffer future harm separate from properly analyzing her claim that she has suffered past persecution.
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. As we have completed our review, the pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).