Case Name: COWAND v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1918-04-17
Citations: 202 S.W. 961
Docket Number: No. 4732
Parties: COWAND v. STATE.
Judges: RRENDERGAST, J., absent
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 202
Pages: 961–962

Head Matter:
COWAND v. STATE.
(No. 4732.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
April 17, 1918.)
1. Animals @=>50(2) — Stock Laws — Local Option — Election.
The qualified voters of all the territory to be affected by the operation of the local option stock law (Vernon’s Sayles’ Ann. Civ. St. 1914, arts. 7209-7234), are entitled to vote, and the law cannot be legally enforced against such voters not given an opportunity to vote at an election.
2. Animals @=>50(2)— Stock Laws —Local Option — Election—Conteol op City Territory.
The Legislature, by the speieial charter granted the city of Dallas (Sp. Acts 30th Leg. c. 71), having given the city the right and authority to control, regulate, restrain, and prohibit running at large of all stock within its bounds, as well as complete control of its streets and public grounds, the county cannot invade its territory in an attempt to exercise authority by an election under the local option stock law.
Appeal from Dallas County Court, at Law; T. A. Work, Judge.
Earl Cowand was convicted of violating the local option stock law, and he appeals.
Reversed.
E. B. Hendricks, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

Opinion:
DAVIDSON, P. J.
This case, briefly stated, shows that appellant was convicted of violating the local option stock law. In substance, the record shows that an election was held in what is denominated justice precinct No. 7 of Dallas county. This territory included, among other things, a part of the city of Dallas known as Oak Cliff. It is also shown that the law was put into operation covering this particular portion of precinct No. 7. It is also shown that no election was held in Oak Cliff, and no provision was made whereby an election could be held in said territory. It is also shown that the voters in territory lying outside of Oak Cliff did all the voting, and by their vote the local option stock law was carried. The voters of Oak Cliff had no opportunity to vote, no presiding officer was appointed, and in fact no election was held in any voting precinct in Oak Cliff, or in that part of the city of Dallas. It is conceded that Oak Cliff is a portion of the city of Dallas, coming within its charter provision, and is controlled by the special charter granted the city of Dallas by the act of the Thirtieth Legislature. This special charter granted the city of Dallas gives the city of Dallas control of public grounds, and power to regulate and prohibit the running at large of horses, mules, cattle, sheep, swine, goats, geese, and pigeons, and to authorize the dis-training, impounding, and sale of the same for the cost of the proceedings and the penalty incurred, and to order their destruction when they cannot be sold, and to impose penalties upon the owners thereof for the violation of any ordinances regulating or prohibiting the same.
The questions, so far as this decision is concerned, raised by this record, are two: First, that the commissioners' court of Dallas county had no authority to order an election to prohibit the running at large of stock in the city of Dallas; and, second, that the voters of Oak Cliff, even if the election could be held, could not be deprived by the court either directly or indirectly, or by omission or commission, of their right to vote upon this law, where it affected that part of precinct No. 7. Under local option laws the voters of all the territory to be affected by the operation of the law are entitled to vote, provided, of course, they be qualified voters, and there is nothing in the record to show that the voters of Oak Cliff are disqualified by reason of their residence or other reasons, and any attempt to place this local option law upon them without their right to participate in the election would be necessarily, under our law, vicious and illegal. It is deemed unnecessary to discuss such proposition. It is self-evident.
The other proposition — that is a local option election may not be held in the City of Dallas, or in any territory included within its municipal boundaries — was decided in Reuter's Case, 43 Tex. Cr. R. 572, 67 S. W. 505. The Legislature gave the right and authority to the city of Dallas to control, regulate, restrain, and prohibit the running at large of all stock within its corporate bounds, as well as complete control of the streets and public grounds of that city. This would operate to prevent the county from invading the territory of the city of Dallas in attempting to exercise the authority shown by this local option election. While the state has the superior right to control these matters by grant of power, subordinate, of course, to the constitutional inhibition, yet the county commissioners' court could have no authority to control the streets and matters of that sort within the corporate limits of Dallas. That has been confided by the Legislature to the city of Dallas, and the county commissioners' court is not invested with authority to control the streets and granted powers to the city within the corporate limits of the city of Dallas. This matter underwent investigation in Reuter's Case, supra. That case follows that of State v. Jones, 18 Tex. 874, Norwood v. Gonzales County, 79 Tex. 218, 14 S. W. 1057, and Eck-ols v. State, 12 Tex. App. 616. An inspection of those cases will show they support the decision in the Reuter Case, supra, and the same principle is here involved, and in fact practically it is the same proposition.
For the above reasons, this judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded.
RRENDERGAST, J., absent
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