Case Name: MARTIN, Appellant, v. AMERICAN SURETY CO. et al., Respondents
Court: Montana Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Montana
Decision Date: 1925-06-29
Citations: 74 Mont. 43
Docket Number: No. 5,700
Parties: MARTIN, Appellant, v. AMERICAN SURETY CO. et al., Respondents.
Judges: ' 'Associate Justices Holloway, Stark and Matthews concur.
Reporter: Montana Reports
Volume: 74
Pages: 43–50

Head Matter:
MARTIN, Appellant, v. AMERICAN SURETY CO. et al., Respondents.
(No. 5,700.)
(Submitted June 17, 1925.
Decided June 29, 1925.)
[238 Pac. 877.]
Messrs. Shea & Wiggenhorn, for Appellant, submitted a •brief; Mr. B. G. Wiggenhorn argued the cause orally.
Mr. Sterling M. Wood and Mr. Robert E. Cooke, for Respondent American Surety Company, submitted a brief; Mr. Wood argued the cause orally.

Opinion:
ME. JUSTICE GALEN
delivered the opinion of the court.
In this action the plaintiff, by his amended complaint, seeks to recover from the defendants $7,396.51 on a quantum merwit for labor and materials furnished the defendant Schlueter Bros, between November 1 and December 5, 1922, in the improvement, enlargement and extension of an irrigation system located in Stillwater and Yellowstone counties, comprising what is known as the "Cove Irrigation District, ' ' established under the law as a public corporation. Two separate causes of action are attempted to be stated. A general demurrer to the complaint was by the court sustained as to both parties defendant. Plaintiff having refused to plead further, judgment was entered against him, and the appeal is from the judgment.
The sole question presented for consideration is whether the complaint states a cause of action against the defendants, or either of them. From the allegations of plaintiff's complaint, it appears that the defendant Schlueter Bros., on or about September 28, 1922, entered into a contract in writing with the Cove Irrigation District, a corporation, to do the necessary work and furnish the materials required in connection with certain improvements to be made in the irrigation system of the corporation, according to certain plans and specifications, in consideration of the payment of an amount agreed upon. At the time of the execution of the contract, the contractor was required to furnish a surety bond "conditioned upon the faithful performance of the contract," which it did. A bond was provided by the defendant American Surety Company, as surety for the performance of the contract, in the principal sum of $100,000'. The defendant Schlueter Bros, thereafter entered upon the execution of the work and sublet a portion thereof to the plaintiff. Schlueter Bros, having defaulted in payment to the plaintiff of the amount claimed by him to be due, he brought this action.
As to the cause of action attempted to be pleaded against the defendant Schlueter Bros., the allegations of the complaint are wholly sufficient. A recital of them would serve no useful purpose here. Suffice it to say it is alleged that the plaintiff entered into a contract to perform a portion of the work at a fixed price; that he did execute a part of the work and furnish materials in accordance with his contract, of the reasonable value of the amount sought to be recovered; and that the defendant Schlueter Bros, has wholly failed, refused and neglected to pay him therefor, notwithstanding frequent demands therefor.
Upon the application of most elementary principles, it is plain that a cause of action is thereby stated against the defendant Schlueter Bros., and no citation of authority is required in demonstration thereof.
By the allegations of plaintiff's complaint, the liability of the defendant surety company is predicated upon the following condition of the bond: "The condition of this obligation is such that if the principal shall indemnify the obligee against any loss or damage directly arising by reason of the failure of the principal to faithfully perform said contract, and to complete the same within the time limited in said contract, and shall pay the amounts contracted for materials furnished and labor performed under and by virtue of said contract, then this obligation shall be null and void; otherwise to remain in full force and effect."
The statute provides: "A contract, made expressly for the benefit of a third person, may be enforced by him at any time before the parties thereto rescind it." (See. 7472, Rev. Codes 1921.)
It is plain that the plaintiff does not bring himself within the terms of the statute. The bond was executed by Schlueter Bros., a copartnership, as principal, and the American Surety Company of New York, as surety, wherein it is recited that the principal and surety "are held and firmly bound unto the Cove Irrigation District, a corporation," and there is no mention whatsoever made of the plaintiff, nor of other third persons, nor anything to indicate that it was intended expressly, or otherwise, for the protection of third parties. There is no privity of contractual relation apparent which would give the plaintiff a cause of action against the surety company on the bond. The language relied upon by the plaintiff as the basis of his right to recover against the surety company is the requirement that the contractor "shall pay the amounts contracted for materials furnished and labor performed," but clearly this is an obligation in favor of the irrigation district alone, and one which, by the greatest stretch of the language employed, cannot be interpreted to include third parties who furnish the necessary labor or materials to the contractor. That the plaintiff has failed to show such a privity of contract as to entitle him to recover against the surety is plain under the statute and former holdings of this court.
In the absence of a statute expressly requiring that such a bond shall inure to the benefit of third persons for labor or materials furnished the contractor, or specific provisions in the bond indicating such intention, the plaintiff is without right of recovery upon the bond. This ease must be distinguished from that of Lanstrum v. Zumwalt & Duckers, 73 Mont. 502, 237 Pac. 205, wherein, by the terms of the bond exacted for faithful performance of the contract, the surety bound itself to pay all claims for labor, materials and equipment in the event the contractors failed so to do.
We need not look beyond our own decision^ for controlling authority. In the recent case of McKeever v. Oregon Mtg. Co., 60 Mont. 270, 198 Pac. 752, Mr. Justice Holloway, speaking for the court, in construing the statute, said: "The language employed is significant. The contract must be made expressly for the benefit of the third party, and the word 'expressly' means 'in direct terms.' (Webster's International Dictionary.) This is the meaning given to it by the California court long before our Code was adopted. (Chung Kse v. Davidson, 73 Cal. 522, 15 Pac. 100.)
"It is held by practically all of thé authorities that it is not sufficient that the contract may incidentally benefit the third party. (Totem v. Eglanol Min. Co., 45 Mont. 367, 123 Pac. 28.) The party for whose benefit the contract is made must be named or otherwise sufficiently described or designated (Bacon v. Davies, 9 Cal. App. 83, 98 Pac. 71; 13 C. J. 711). However, if the contract was made expressly for the benefit of a class of persons to which class the party seeking enforcement belongs, he may obtain the benefit of it. (.Burton v. Larkin, 36 Kan. 246, 59 Am. Rep. 541, 13 Pac. 398.)"
Other decisions of this court and of others might be referred to, but further reference to prior holdings is not required. The court was in error in sustaining the demurrer as to the defendant Schlueter Bros.; otherwise, however, as to the surety company.
Rehearing denied July 14, 1925.
The cause is remanded to the district court of Yellowstone county, • with directions to overrule the demurrer as to the defendant Schlueter Bros.
Remanded,
' 'Associate Justices Holloway, Stark and Matthews concur.
Mr. Chief Justice Callaway, being absent on account of illness, and not having heard the argument, takes no part in the foregoing decision.