Case Name: Plymouth Society of Milford v. Hepburn
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1890-06-26
Citations: 10 N.Y.S. 817
Docket Number: 
Parties: Plymouth Society of Milford v. Hepburn.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 10
Pages: 817–819

Head Matter:
Plymouth Society of Milford v. Hepburn.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
June 26, 1890.)
Wills—Construction—When Legacy Vests.
By his will testator gave the income of his real and personal estate to his wife and son during their joint lives, the survivor to take the whole thereof, and upon their decease, the son leaving lawful issue them surviving, all the estate was to go to such issue, and in case there should be no such issue, then the real estate was to he sold. Testator further provided that “upon the decease of my said wife and son, he not leaving lawful issue them both surviving, as aforesaid, I give and bequeath my estate, and the proceeds and sales of my real estate, aforesaid, as follows. ” Then followed certain legacies, including one to plaintiff, a religious society in Connecticut, the interest of which was to be applied to keeping testator’s monument in repair, and the balance, if any, towards discharging the salary of plaintiff’s minister. At testator’s death plaintiff had not capacity to take the legacy, but before the death of the life-tenants the Connecticut statutes were amended so as to enable it to take. Held, that it was testator’s intention that thebequest to plaintiff should not go into effect until the death of his wife and son, the latter leaving issue both surviving, and that as plaintiff had capacity to take upon the happening of that event, the gift then went into effect.
Submission of controversy on agreed facts.
Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and Brady and Daniels, JJ.
Horace Barnard, for plaintiff. J. C, O'Conor, Jr,, for defendant.

Opinion:
Van Brunt, P. J.
It appears that David Hepburn departed this life in the city of FTew York in the year 1845, leaving a last will and testament which was duly admitted to probate by the surrogate of the county of New Tork in 1846, and letters testamentary were duly issued thereon to Susan Hepburn, the wife of the testator. The testator died leaving him surviving his widow and his son, George Mix Hepburn, who died without issue March, 1885, the widow dying in March, 1889. Subsequently the defendant, Mary C. Hepburn, was appointed administratrix with the will annexed. By his will the said David Hepburn gave the rents, income, and profits of all his estate, real and personal, to his widow and son equally, to be divided between them during their joint lives, the survivor to take the whole of such income; and upon the decease of his wife and son, he leaving lawful issue surviving the survivor, the testator gave, devised, and bequeathed all his estate to such issue; and upon the decease of his wife and son, he not leaving lawful issue them surviving, he authorized and empowered his executor or executors, the survivor or survivors of them, to sell and dispose of all his real estate, etc. The testator further provided as follows: "Upon the decease of my said wife and son, ha not leaving lawful issue them both surviving, as aforesaid, I give and bequeath my estate, and the, proceeds and sales of my real estate aforesaid, as follows, that is to say. " He then gave a legacy of $500 to his mother-in-law, and then follows the clause which forms the subject of dispute in this action: "Eighth. I give and bequeath the sum of one thousand dollars to the Second Congregational Society of the town of Milford in the state of Connecticut, to be by said society placed and forever kept out at interest for the purposes following, that is to say, from out of such interest money to keep the burying lot owned by me, situate in' said Milford, in repair, by painting the iron fence surrounding the same black once in each year, and forthwith, from time to time, as often as may be necessary, to repair said fence, the monument thereby inclosed, and keep said lot and all things appertaining thereto at all times in good repair, order, and condition, and cause to be made or cut on said monument suitable inscriptions relative to my own decease, the decease of my said wife and son, that is, of such of us as shall be there interred, and pay and apply the balance of such interest money towards discharging the salary of their minister for the time being." The plaintiff, a Connecticut corporation, having accepted this legacy and demanded the same, the administratrix has declined to pay the same upon the grounds—First, that the legacy was void; second, that the plaintiff was not qualified to take; and, third, that the claim was barred by the statute of limitations.
It seems to be conceded that at the time of the death of the testator the plaintiff had not the capacity to take; but it appears that subsequently, and before the death of the survivor of the life-tenants, in the year 1885, the statutes of Connecticut were so amended as to enable the plaintiff to take. One of the questions, therefore, presented is whether the vesting of the legacy was by the will postponed until after the death of the survivor of the life-tenants. We think that it was so postponed, and that no interest vested until the death of the survivor of the life-tenants, and that such was the intention of the testator. It is to be observed that in every instance where he speaks of the happening of an event upon which depends a bequest, there is no devise until, the happening of the event. He does not give a remainder over under any' circumstances, but he says " upon the decease of my wife and son I. then give, " etc. This is the language used when he is speaking about his son leaving lawful issue, and such issue must survive both the son and the wife before any interest is devised. As has been observed, the testator says "upon the decease of my said wife and son, he leaving lawful issue him and her surviving, I then give, devise, and bequeath all my estate to such issue. " This same idea is carried out where the testator deals with the possibility of his son and wife dying, his son not leaving issue both surviving,—" upon the death of my wife and son, he not leaving lawful issue them surviving, I authorize and empower my executors to sell," etc. And subsequently he says: "Upon the decease of my said wife and son, he not leaving lawful issue them both surviving, as aforesaid, I give and bequeath my estate, and the proceeds of my said real estate as follows;" showing that it was his intention that the bequest should come into effect upon the happening of the contingency of the death of his wife and son, his son not leaving issue both surviving; and there was no devise before that bringing the character of the bequest within the definition of an executory devise, as it was understood to be before the passage of our Revised Statutes, where contingent remainders and executory devises were blended into one. This is illustrated by the case of Burrill v. Boardman, 43 N. Y. 258, where the devise was supported as an executory devise. And the rule is laid down that when it appears from the will that the donee is to come into being in the future, or to become qualified to take upon the happening of some future event, a present bequest will not be presumed, nor unless there is not the least circumstance from which to collect the testator's intention of anything else than an immediate devise to take effect inprcesenti. In the case at bar, as already stated, the plain intention of the testator was that the power to take should depend upon the happening of a future event, and that there was no intention to make an immediate devise to take effect in prcesenti. Under these circumstances, then, if at the time of the happening of the event the plaintiff had capacity to take, the gift then went into effect according to the intention of the testator. In this view it is clear that the statute of limitations cannot apply. And it is difficult to see how it could apply in any case, because the right of possession certainly did not arise until the death of the survivor of the life-tenants; and, until there was a right of possession on the part of the legatee, he has no claim upon the executor which he can enforce. Therefore the statute of limitations does not run. The-plaintiff seems, therefore, to be entitled to judgment.
Brady, J., concurs.
Daniels, J.
Before the time arrived for the directions concerning the legacy to take effect, and in the year 1885, a statute of the state of Connecticut was enacted, sustaining legacies for the preservation, care, and maintenance of cemetery lots, and monuments thereon. This statute has since been in force, and it comprehends this case, inasmuch as the testator's widow did not depart this life until the year 1889. And, by a still preceding law, a legacy for the maintenance of the ministry of the gospel has also been sanctioned. In both of its objects, the directions of this testator had been anticipated by .the laws of the state of Connecticut, where the society existed for which the legacy was provided. And the plaintiff, for these reasons, and those mentioned by the presiding justice, is entitled to recover it.