Case Name: The State of Kansas v. Ed. Collins
Court: Kansas Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Kansas
Decision Date: 1899-03-21
Citations: 8 Kan. App. 398
Docket Number: No. 333
Parties: The State of Kansas v. Ed. Collins.
Judges: 
Reporter: Reports of cases decided in the Courts of Appeals of the state of Kansas
Volume: 8
Pages: 398–404

Head Matter:
The State of Kansas v. Ed. Collins.
No. 333.
1. Intoxicating Liquors — Information—Verification by County , Attorney. Where an information charging the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquors is positively verified under the forms of law by the public prosecutor, and the defendant is arrested on a warrant issued thereon and enters into a recognizance for his appearance at a subsequent term of court, held, that a motion to quash the warrant and information on the grounds “that the information is not properly verified, and that the county attorney has no personal knowledge of the facts alleged therein” is properly overruled, without hearing evidence tending to show that the only knowledge possessed by the county attorney was based on information and belief.
2. - Evidence— Sales by Another Person. Upon the trial of C. for the unlawful selling of intoxicating liquors, it is error for the trial court to refuse to strike out testimony that one K. had sold to the witness intoxicating liquors, where there is no showing' as to what relation, if any, existed between O. and K., or that O. was in any way responsible for the unlawful acts of K.
3. -Election of Offenses — Certainty Required. Where the county attorney is required to elect on what particular sale of intoxicating liquors he will rely for a conviction, testimony of more than one unlawful sale having been given under a single count, it is necessary for the prosecutor to designate in some proper way with reasonable certainty that particular transaction on which he relies for conviction.
Appeal from Osborne district court; R. M. Pickles., judge.
Opinion filed March 21, 1899.
Reversed.
S. W. Smith, county attorney, for The State.
D. M. Thorp, and J. W. Tucker, for appellant.

Opinion:
The-opinion of the court was delivered by
McElroy, J.:
The county attorney filed an information in the district court of Osborne county, charging the defendant Ed. Collins in eight counts with the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquors, and in the ninth count witli maintaining a common nuisance under the prohibitory law. The defendant was arrested on a warrant issued thereon, and thereafter, on the 27th day of September, 1897, entered into a .recognizance for his appearance at the next term of court. At the October, 1897, term the case was continued, and the defendant entered into a recognizance for his appearance at the February, 1898, term. At the February term the defendant filed his motion to quash the information and to compel the county attorney to attach thereto the testimony of witnesses examined before him, which motion was overruled, the defendant excepting. Thereafter the defendant waived arraignment and pleaded not guilty. He was convicted on the sixth count of the information, and was sentenced to pay a fine of $100 and to be confined in the county jail thirty days.
The motion to quash the information was based on the grounds that the information was not prope7']} verified ; that the county attorney had no personal knowledge of the facts alleged therein; that prior to the filing of the information the county attorney had examined witnesses touching their knowledge of the violations of the prohibitoi'y law by the defendant' and that such testimony should be attached to the information. The information was properly verified ; it was verified by the positive oath of the county attorney. This was sufficient to authorize the issuance of the wa7'rant. On the hearing of the motion, it was agreed "that no written statements of evidence were taken before the county attorney before the commencement of this action or the filing of the complaint." The defendant offered to introduce evidence in support of his motion to the effect that the county attorney had no personal knowledge of the facts alleged in the informa tion. This evidence was properly rejected. Before the motion to quash was filed, the defendant had entered into a recognizance for his appearance at a subsequent date, whereby he waived all irregularity, if any, in the warrant and arrest. (The State v. Longton, 35 Kan. 375, 11 Pac. 163; Juncton City v. Keeffe, 40 id. 275, 19 Pac. 735; The State v. Dugan, 52 id. 23, 34 Pac. 409.)
The ruling of the trial court on the evidence could not prejudice the rights of the defendant if the motion to quash the information was properly overruled. Thére is no complaint made as to the ruling of the court on the motion to quash. The information was verified under the forms of law by the public prosecutor. Such a verification is sufficient as a basis for the issuance of a warrant.
Complaint is made that the court erred in overruling the defendant's motion to strike out the following testimony of John Cole as incompetent:
" Q,ues. When didyou next get anything there from Mr. Collins, if any? 'Ans. Well, I should judge it was June ; somewhere along there.
" Q,. What did you buy that time? A. Bought some beer.
"Q. Did you get it in a bottle or glass. A. Got it in a glass.
"Q,. I now ask him to describe as I did in the question, what was in the room, who was in the room at the time you purchased this liquor referred to? A. The second time?
" Q,. Yes, sir; the second purchase. A. Why, I think Mr. Kelly was in at that time.
" Q,. Who did you purchase it from? A. I think I got it that time from Mr. Kelly.
"Q,. Was Collins present at that time? A. I can't say; I do n't recollect."
There is nothing in the record to show what rela tion, if any, Kelly sustained to the defendant. To hold the defendant responsible for the sale made by Kelly, it would be necessary to show that the defendant was, in some manner, responsible for his acts. In the absence of any showing, it cannot be presumed that the defendant was in any manner responsible for the unlawful or wrongful acts of Kelly. This testimony was incompetent and should have been stricken out; it constitutes the only element of uncertainty entering into the trial of the case. The court erred in overruling the defendant's motion to strike out this evidence.
Complaint is made also that the trial court erred in not requiring the state to make its election on the sixth count more definite and certain; that the election as made was too vague, indefinite and uncertain under the evidence. When the state had concluded its evidence, the defendant filed a motion that the prosecution elect on which sale it would rely for a conviction on the several counts of the information. The state elected as to the sixth count, as follows : "The state further relies on the sixth count, being the second sale made to and testified to by John Cole, during the early part of July, 1897, or last of June, 1897.
The testimony of John Cole as to the second sale is as follows :
" Ans. The first I ever got there was two bottles of beer; about March or April, 1897, I bought one from Mr. Collins.
' ' Ques. When did you next get anything there from Mr. Collins, if any? A. Well, I should judge it was June ; somewh.eres along there.
"Q,. What did you buy that time? A. Bought some beer.
" Q,. Did you get it in a bottle or glass? A. Got it in- a glass.
" Q,. I now ask Mm to describe, as I did in the question what was in the room — who was in the room at the time you purchased this liquor referred to? A. The second time?
" Q. Yes, sir; the second purchase. A. Why, I think Mr. Kelly was in at that time.
" Q,. Who did you purchase it from? A. I think I got it that time from Mr. Kelly.
"Q,. Was Collins present at that time? A. I can't say; I do n't recollect.
"Q,. You may state when the third time was, to the best of your remembrance, you bought liquor from Collins? A. I can't say when the third time was ; I didn't keep 'any triick. It was as early as July — I think it was along in the forenoon ; Ed. Collins was there ; I stayed long enough to get a drink and went out."
G ross-examinati.on.
"A. The second time I was ever in there, I should judge, was the 1st of March or April; it was in the evening, about eight o'clock. There were several persons in the room. Collins was helping dish out beer ; I know I got one bottle from him. The next time I was there in that place of business I think was in the fore part of June; it was along in the forenoon some time. I stayed in there that time five or ten minutes. I don't know that Ed. Collins was there. I think Tom Kelly was there.
' " Q,. When was the next time you was in there ? A. Well, I think that was some time in June or July, fore pai't, I think ; some time in June, I shoxxld say ; yes, some time in June.
" Q,. What was it yoxx purchased the third time, if you remember; that is, what kind of liquor? A. I think it was a glass of whisky I got, to the best of xxxy knowledge. I got it from Mr. Collins."
The first salé was made about Apx'il, 189.7, by Collins ; the second sale was made by Kelly in June ; the thix'd sale was made by Collins in June or Jxxly. There is nothing in the x-ecord to show what, if any, relation Kelly sustained to Collins. It appears to have been left as a mere surmise, or conjecture, as to whether the defendant was anywise responsible for the sale made by Kelly. The third sale was made by defendant, and appears to have been whisky. The county attorney in his brief says that the prosecution elected to rely for a conviction under the sixth count on the second sale by Ed. Collins to and testified to by John Cole during the early part of July or last of June, 1897, the same being whisky ; and that it was so understood by the jury, the court and all concerned. It may be that the county attorney so understood the election, but the sale of whisky was the third sale and not the second. This is stated by the witness, both in his direct and cross-examination ; so that if the state intended to rely on the sale of the glass of whisky, then it was the third sale on which the state relied.
If the incompetent testimony of Cole had been stricken out, as it should have, been, this element of uncertainty would have been eliminated. Who can say that all of the jurors understood the election to apply to the third sale, when it specifically states the second? The language of the election is : "The state further relies on the sixth count, being the second sale made to and testified to by John Cole, during the early part of July, 1897, or last of June, 1897." Some of the jurors may have thought the election referred to the sale of beer made by Kelly, while others of the jurors may have thought it referred to the transaction which included the sale of the glass of' whisky. By this process a verdict might have been, reached without all of the jurors consenting and. agreeing on the same proposition. If five of the¡ jurors took the election literally to mean the second! sale, their judgment would certainly be based on the transaction between Kelly and the witness Cole, and if the other seven jurors took the election, as the county attorney insists, to refer to the sale of the glass of whisky by the defendant Collins, then we would have a verdict of guilty without the concurrence of all of the jurors.
In a criminal trial, where the state has offered evidence tending to prove several distinct and substantive offenses, it is the duty of the court, upon motion of the defendant, to require the prosecution to elect, before the defendant is put on his defense, with reasonable certainty, on which particular transaction the prosecution will rely for conviction. (The State v. Schweiter, 27 Kan. 500; The State v. Crimmins, 31 id. 376, 2 Pac. 574; The State v. Moulton, 52 id. 69, 34 Pac. 412; The State v. O'Connell, 31 id. 383, 2 Pac. 579; The State v. Guettler, 34 id. 582, 9 Pac. 200.)
From what we have said, it follows that the court erred in overruling the defendant's motion for a new trial, for the reason that the court refused to strike out the incompetent testimony, and for the failure on the part of the court to require the state to make its election more definite and certain.
The judgment of the court below will be reversed and cause remanded for a new trial.