Case Name: Charles H. Ward, Resp't, v. Jane Hartley Cowdrey, as Executrix, etc., App'lt
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1889-01-28
Citations: 21 N.Y. St. Rep. 372
Docket Number: 
Parties: Charles H. Ward, Resp’t, v. Jane Hartley Cowdrey, as Executrix, etc., App’lt.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 21
Pages: 372–377

Head Matter:
Charles H. Ward, Resp’t, v. Jane Hartley Cowdrey, as Executrix, etc., App’lt.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
Filed January 28, 1889.)
-Contract—When written agreement not a good defense to verbal ONE MADE AT SAME TIME.
A written agreement made upon a settlement between the parties is not .a good defense, to an action on a verbal agreement, made at the same time, when it appears by the evidence that the instrument relied upon did not ■contain the whole agreement, and the collateral contract proved is not inconsistent with the written one.
Appeal from a judgment entered upon the report of a referee, and entered on the 4th day of January, 1888, for the sum of $3,637.50.
It appeafá from- the evidence that on the 21st day of August, 1883, Nathaniel A. Cowdrey, the defendant’s .testator, wrote a letter to Charles H. Ward, the plaintiff, who was then at Durango, Mexico, in the employ of Cowdrey, as the manager of certain mines and ore mills there belonging to him, asking Ward to continue in his employ for an indefinite time, “so long as we can get along harmoniously and satisfactorily together,” each “to give the other sixty days’ notice before he quits or before he is wanted to leave.” Cowdrey says: “I will give you,
' First. A definite salary of $150 per month, house rent free upon my premises, and your necessary expenses when absent from Carmen on my business.
Second. I will give you five per cent of the net proceeds of my mines and mills until the same, with the salary of $150 per month, reaches $10,000 per annum, at which point your pay shall rest so far as salary and interest in net' profits are concerned. But if you get out one million and upwards net, then I will give you, in lieu of the $10,000, two and one-half percent net profits without any limit, i. e., if you get out two million you are to have $50,000 for your part.
Third. The store was no part of my contract. I have no objection to your having a half of it, or more or less, so long as it sells goods to my laborers at a reasonable profit, and does not sell tokillio or other intoxicating drinks.
Fourth. I will allow you to take three-tenths interest in the three mines denounced by you on my lands, provided you organize and take title five-tenths to me and two-tenths to me in trust for such others as I think ought to be associated with me.
My offer of compensation to you for services, is subject to my right to sell at any time. If I do so and the purchasers do not continue the agreement with you, then I will give you a present of from $5,000 to $10,000, depending upon the price at which I sell.”
Ward accepted the terms of this proposition and continued. in Cowdrey’s employ under it till about March 3, 1884. Mr. Cowdrey went to Mexico at that time, and arrived in Carpaen about the first of March, and without any notice to Ward discharged him from his employ and terminated the above contract.
Ward protested against the discharge and claimed that he was entitled to sixty days’ notice under the contract, and demanded that Cowdrey settle with him before he turned over the property. Thereupon they sat down in Ward’s house. Ward produced the contract above set forth, and they began to talk and settle Off .each part of the contract separately.
First. They settled the cash salary of $150 per month for the two months, by Cowdrey’s giving Ward credit for $300 on a note of $500 that Ward owed him.
Second. They then passed on to.the second head of the contract, and Ward claimed that during the next sixty days he would be entitled to four or five thousand dollars. Ward had made up an estimate, and showed it to Cowdrey, but the latter saifi if was hard to make an estimate; that it was unsatisfactory, and they discussed it very considerably. They finally concluded that in lieu of this percentage of five per ■cent,' Mr. Cowdrey would pay the sum of $3,000 to one "Vivanco, at Parral, Mexico, to whom Ward stated that he •owed that amount. Cowdrey was to pay it in three or four ■days thereafter, when they should reach Parral, whither they were both to go.
Third. Mr. Ward claimed next that he should have the profits of the store for sixty days. Mr. Cowdrey objected to that, and said he did not consider that Ward was entitled to the store profits. They seem to have dropped the subject there, and not to have referred to it again. The profits of the store were $1,000 per month.
Fourth:- They next passed to the three-ténths interest of Ward in the mines denounced by him, and referred to in the fourth section of the contract. He told Cowdrey that he had spent $900 in developing those mines, and that money would now be a dead loss to him. Cowdrey undertook to see that Fuller, one of the new lessees, should take the mines and pay Ward the money; they afterwards went out and saw Mr. Fuller, and made the arrangement with him,- which was that the money was to be paid to Ward at Parral. .•
Fifth. Ward then demanded that Cowdrey should arrange it so the parties who leased the property would take the store goods, then- remaining off his hands Cowdrey procured Fuller to take these goods and pay Ward the money when they arrived at Parral.
Sixth. Ward’s next demand was that Cowdrey should pay him for the goods already sold'to the men “on account of the pay-roll.” “He wanted Mr. Cowdrey to' settle that, which he agreed to.” The money was paid afterwards.
Seventh. The next and final subject of conversation is found at folio 47. “ Ward claimed an interest in the estate — that he was to have a certain percentáge of the sale of the property, and if he' went away there would be no chance,for" that; Mr. Cowdrey told him he shouldn’t losé anythipg if they did sell, and he would allow him at least $10,000 if they did not sell within three years.”
This last agreement was put in writing,- and reads -as follows:
Carmen Durange, March 3, 1884.,
For one dollar, and other valuable considerations, „ the receipt whereof is acknowledged; and considering -the agreements and promises existing between Charles H. Ward and myself, I hereby agree to pay Charles H. Ward as follows : I will allow three hundred dollars, Mexican silver, on his note now held by me for five hundred dollars, United States currency. Also one-tenth of the net proceeds of the sale of Sestin and Carmen properties and mines, and I guarantee that said one-tenth net proceeds shall not be less than ten thousand dollars, United States currency. The net proceeds shall be the amount left after deducting from the gross proceeds of sale .the following :
1. The original cost of above properties and mines, and the improvements I have made thereon.
2. If sold while lease is in force, the amount I shall pay to terminate said lease. ■
3. The amount I allowed Charles H. Ward in our settlement in 1882. At the expiration of three years from- this date, if I have not sold the properties then, I agree to pay Charles H. Ward the above guaranteed amount, which ishall be in full for his above one-tenth net interest. In effecting sale, if I desire Ward’s services, he shall give them free of all charge. ,
K A. COWDREY.
On my part I agree to render such free services.
CHARLES H. WARD.
This paper was drawn by Ward, at Cowdrey’s dictation. It was drawn in “several shapes” and changed a good many times. Mr. Cowdrey was a well-known lawyer of this city.

Opinion:
Brady, J.
What is called the last paper writing between the parties (appearing in the statement of facts prepared by the respondents, and which is regarded as substantially •correct), bearing date March 3, 1884, was executed, it is true, after the parties had consulted about, and determined upon the result of their business transactions This , distinctly appears from the statement in that paper: "For one dollar, and other valuable considerations, the receipt whereof is acknowledged and considering the agreements, and promises existing between Charles H Ward and myself."
But it also distinctly appears that it did not embrace all the items or terms, of tbe settlement, exclusive of the "Vivanco claim. Other matters were arranged for, which were not. included in that paper. This controversy does not depend, therefore, wholly upon the construction of that instrument, or, indeed, its enlargement by paroi. It cannot be regarded as controlling' except as to the items contained in it, inasmuch as it does not embrace all the disputed'items which were settled, and to some extent paid. Even when an executive agreement has been made, if the fact be shown that there was a distinct collateral verbal agreement between the parties, not inconsistent with the original contract, the law does not prohibit such distinct •collateral agreement from being enforced Jones v. Jones, 18 Hun, 442. And this enunciation is sustained by numerous authorities. In other words, if it be clear upon the whole evidence that the instrument relied upon, or involved, did not contain the whole agreement, and a distinct collateral contract was proved not inconsistent with the written one, the law will not prohibit the enforcement of such a collateral.undertaking.
The facts in this case show that the payment of the $8,000, arising out of the Vivanco claim, which was the only .one allowed by the referee, was not embraced in .the written agreement, but was a part of the compromise agreed upon by Mr. Cowdrey, together with others not mentioned. The testimony relating to it, and sufficient to sustain it, was received, it seems, substantially without objection. It must be said, however, that the written. paper, containing a part only of the terms of settlement or compromise, does not rise to the dignity of a contract aborigine. It relates, it is true, to contracts made and entered .upon, the results and the responsibilities incurred, and their adjustment by the parties whose business relations were to be severed and ended, but in part only, and no court Would exclude from examination and consideration anything omitted from a memorandum under such circumstances.
The sanie rule applicable to a receipt in full, should prevail where the settlement is partly in writing and partly oral. The whole subject should be open to discussion When a controversy arises between the parties, under such cirCuihstances. This result cannot well be avoided.
In McDougall v. Cooper (31 N. Y., 498), it was held that Where there has been an accounting and settlement if it afterwards appear that a clear mistake occurred by the omission to include a considerable sum of money* an action will lie to correct such mistake and to collect such sum, and this, although the settlement was in writing, and a due bill given.
The proposition that the promise to pay Vivanco, could, be enforced by him against the estate of Mr. Cowdrey is untenable in the absence of proof that he knew of the arrangement, and accepted or acquiesced in the proposition. The plaintiff Was hot obliged to wait his pleasure, if he knew anything about it. He could, as he did, bring an dótion and leave the defendant to prove such facts as deprived him of the right to enforce his claim. The promise of payment established the liability of Mr. Cowdrey to that amount, as one of the items in the compromise, and rested upon a consideration duly discussed and disposed of. Thb appellant Complains of the unreliability of the evidence by which the demand is established, but as long as oral admissions and statements are received to prove a claim, they must be Considered and given their proper force and effect. The proof here, was that the Vivanco claim, was for supplies to the mill of Mr.-Cowdrey, for which the plaintiff had made his personal draft, and obtained in that way the money from Vivanco. There was no contradiction óf this testimony, and it was shown that Mr. Cowdrey, after the settlement, gave a certificate commending the plaintiff. It also appears from the letters written by Mr. Cowdrey, that he had full confidencé in the plaintiff's integrity. These incidents were well calculated to impress the learned referee with the good faith of the asserted claim, and make the admissions and statements now denounced acceptable.
The examination of the case, leads therefore, to the conclusion that the judgment appealed from cannot be disturbed, none of the exceptions taken being of sufficient force to require a different result. The questions considered are the only ones which demand particular mention. Order ascordingly.
Van Brunt, Ch. J., and Daniels, J., concur.