Case Name: Willis v. Morse
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1889-10-19
Citations: 7 N.Y.S. 304
Docket Number: 
Parties: Willis v. Morse.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 7
Pages: 304–306

Head Matter:
Willis v. Morse.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
October 19, 1889.)
1. Pleading—Complaint—Goods Sold and Delivered—Contract or Tort.
The complaint in the first count alleged that plaintiff contracted with defendant to sell and deliver goods for the agreed price of $165.50, delivery and payment to be postponed to a certain date; and that on said date defendant refused to pay plaintiff as agreed for the aforesaid property; whereupon said plaintiff demanded his pay therefor as agreed, and also demanded of the said defendant his aforesaid property, which the said defendant then and there claimed to have in his possession, all of which said defendant refused. He refused to pay for the same as agreed, and refused to let said plaintiff have said property, the same being this plaintiff’s, and has ever since wrongfully detained the same and converted it to his own use, all to the plaintiff’s damage of $125. The second count was for the conversion of qther personal property, and, as alleged, to plaintiff’s damage of $25. The third count was for fraud and deceit, by means of which plaintiff was induced to deliver the property described in the first count to defendant, and by that means lie gained possession of the property. Plaintiff gave evidence of the sale and delivery of the property, the terms and price, and that the same remained unpaid. On defendant’s motion the court struck out all parts alleging fraud, and stated that, to save all defendant’s rights, he would hold that plaintiff could recover only on a contract of sale. Held, that the' complaint as amended stated a cause of action for goods sold and delivered.
2. Same—Answer—Amendment—Counter-Claim.
An application to amend an answer by setting up a counter-claim, which is not accompanied by any proof that defendant had been misled, and that he would suffer an injury if the application was denied, may be properly refused in the discretion of the trial court, and such refusal cannot be reviewed on appeal.
Appeal from Chautauqua county court.
Action by Henry W. Willis against Harvey Morse, for goods sold and delivered. The action was originally commenced in justice’s court, and a retrial was had in the county court upon the pleadings as returned by the justice. In the first count the plaintiff alleges that he entered into an executory contract with the defendant by which he agreed to sell and deliver to him articles of personal property at the fixed and agreed sum of $165.50; that delivery and payment was postponed until the 21st day of February, on which day the property was to be delivered and paid for. Then follows this averment: “That the said defendant, on the said 21st day of February, and at the time agreed upon as aforesaid, refused to pay this plaintiff as agreed for the aforesaid property. Whereupon said plaintiff demanded his pay therefor as agreed, and also demanded of the said defendant his aforesaid property which the said defendant then and there claimed to have in his possession, all of which said defendant refused. He refused to pay for tne same as agreed, and refused to let said plaintiff have said property, the same being this plaintiff’s. and has ever since wrongfully detained the same and converted it to his own use, all to the plaintiff’s damage of $125.” The second count was for the conversion of other articles of personal property, and, as alleged, to the plaintiff’s damage of $25. The third count is for fraud and deceit, by means of which the plaintiff was induced to deliver the property described in the first count to the defendant, and by that means he gained possession of the property. This count specifically alleges that he did deliver the property to the defendant. On the trial the plaintiff gave evidence of the sale and delivery of the property described in the first count, and the terms and the price to be paid therefor, and that the same remained unpaid. The defendant did not offer any proof. Verdict for plaintiff. Defendant appeals.
Argued before Barker, P. J., and Dwight and Macomber, JJ. /
F. W. Stevens, for appellant. Arthur O. Wade, for respondent.

Opinion:
Barker, P. J.
For reasons which I will briefly state I think this appeal cannot stand. The appellant makes but one point, and that is that the cause of action set out in the complaint was not proved, and the plaintiff should have been nonsuited. He contends that the cause of action proved was upon contract, and the one alleged in the complaint was in tort. It is a well-settled rule, as'stated by the learned counsel for the appellant, that the character of the action must be determined by the complaint; and also, if the same states a cause of action ex delicto, it is not competent for the court on the trial to convert it into one ex contractu. Neudecker v. Kohlberg, 81 N. Y. 296. It may be conceded, for the purposes of this appeal, that the complaint, before it was amended on the trial, stated a cause of action ex delicto only. I think, however, that the amendments which were allowed on the trial, on the motion of the appellant, permitted a recovery for a cause of action for goods sold and delivered. The plaintiff was permitted to prove, without objection, the sale and delivery of the goods described in the first count at a fixed and agreed price to be paid therefor by the defendant, and he then rested his case. The defendant offered no proofs. He thereupon moved to strike out the count alleging fraud, which was granted without objection being interposed by the plaintiff. The court, upon its own motion, ordered that all parts of the complaint alleging fraud be struck out; directing the clerk to make an entry in the minutes to that effect, which was done. To this ruling no exception was taken by either party. The defendant's counsel then moved to strike out the second count, stating the grounds therefor, and the court in reply to the motion stated that, in order to save all the defendant's rights, he would hold that the plaintiff could only recover upon a contract of sale, tó which the plaintiff assented, and the defendant took no exception. The counsel for the defendant then moved that the complaint be stricken out so far as it purports to state a cause of action upon contract, on the ground that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. This motion was denied, and the defendant excepted. The motion in this respect should not have prevailed, however defective the complaint may have been in the respect mentioned. If the motion had been granted, the complaint would not have contained any averment whatever indicating a cause of action either in tort or upon contract. The defendant's counsel then made the further motion that the plaintiff be nonsuited, on the ground that no proof had been given in support of the allegations set forth in the complaint. This was denied, and the defendant excepted. This ruling presents the simple question whether the complaint, after the amendments which had been allowed, stated in form and substance a cause of action for goods sold and delivered. We are of the opinion that it does. It is not distinctly stated in the cause of action first set forth in the complaint before any amendments were allowed that the property agreed to be sold and delivered to the defendant under the executory contract had in fact been. delivered to him, but it is inferentially so alleged; for the right to payment depended upon a delivery, or an offer to deliver. In the subsequent parts of the original complaint a delivery was distinctly averred, and the same remained therein when the proofs were given without any objection being interposed by the defendant. This case was submitted to the jury with a statement to them by the learned county judge that it was conceded by the parties that the property contracted to be sold had been delivered to and received by the defendant, and, if they believed the plaintiff's evidence, he was entitled to recover. To this charge no exception was taken. The cause seems to have been tried upon the merits, and, in view of the amendments made to the pleadings on the trial, on the defendant's motion, the plaintiff was entitled to recover upon the executory contract of sale, it appearing that the goods had been delivered as agreed, and the price therefor never paid. Such parts of the original complaint which remained in what is termed the first count after the amendments, and which charged that the defendant wrongfully detained the property, and coverted the same to his own use, may be treated as surplusage. Conaughty v. Nichols, 42 N. Y. 83. The amendments struck from the complaint every distinct averment of wrong or fraud charged upon the defendant, and the remaining averments were such that it may be fairly held to state a cause of action based upon contract.
The refusal to allow an amendment to the answer setting up a counterclaim was not accompanied by proof in any form that the defendant had been misled, and that he would suffer an injury if the application was denied. This ruling- did not deprive the defendant of any strict right, and cannot, therefore, be reviewed in this court if we were of the opinion that the motion should have been granted, as it rested in the discretion of the court below. On an appeal from a judgment rendered in a county court we cannot reverse the same except for legal error. Thurber v. Townsend, 22 N. Y. 517; Reilley v. Canal Co., 102 N. Y. 383, 7 N. E. Rep. 427; Stebbins v. Cowles, 30 Hun, 523; Wavel v. Wiles, 24 N. Y. 635; Osborn v. Nelson, 59 Barb. 375. Judgment and order affirmed. All concur.