Case Name: Ernesto ABREU, Appellant v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-03-14
Citations: 174 F. App'x 656
Docket Number: No. 05-3501
Parties: Ernesto ABREU, Appellant v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 174
Pages: 656–657

Head Matter:
Ernesto ABREU, Appellant v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY.
No. 05-3501.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) Jan. 26, 2006.
March 14, 2006.
Ernesto Abreu, Clifton, NJ, pro se.
Peter G. O’Malley, Office of United States Attorney, Newark, NJ, for Commissioner of Social Security.
Before: MCKEE, FUENTES and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
OPINION
PER CURIAM.
In December 2003, Ernesto Abreu filed a civil action in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, seeking review of a decision of the Commissioner of Social Security. Abreu applied for, and the District Court granted him, in forma pauperis status pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. In April 2005, the District Court issued an order warning Abreu to present proof that he had served the summons and complaint or to appear to show cause why the action should not be dismissed for failure to effect timely service. On May 17, 2005, the District Court held a hearing on the matter. Abreu appeared and explained that he had not served the summons and complaint because he did not have a lawyer or knowledge of the procedural rules. The District Court informed him that he could move for appointment of counsel, provided him with a copy of the relevant procedural rules, and granted him thirty additional days to effect service of process. After-the thirty days had passed without service of process, the District Court dismissed Abreu's complaint without prejudice pursuant to Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Abreu appeals.
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. The dismissal without prejudice was a final decision, because Abreu would be time-barred from refiling his complaint. See Ahmed v. Dragovich, 297 F.3d 201, 207 (3d Cir.2002) (holding that an order dismissing a claim without prejudice is a final and appealable order if the statute of limitations for that claim has expired); 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (providing a sixty-day limitations period for seeking judicial review of a decision by the Commissioner of Social Security). We review the District Court's decision for abuse of discretion. See Petrucelli v. Bohringer & Ratzinger, 46 F.3d 1298, 1308 (3d Cir.1995).
We hold that the District Court abused its discretion; accordingly, we will vacate the District Court's order. Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that if a plaintiff does not effect service within 120 days after filing a complaint, the District Court "shall dismiss the action without prejudice . or direct that service be effected within a specific time." Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m). However, under Rule 4(c)(2), the District Court is obligated to appoint a United States marshal or deputy United States marshal to effect service when a plaintiff is permitted to proceed in forma pawperis, as Abreu was. Fed. R.Civ.P. 4(c)(2). It does not appear that any person was appointed to effect service on Abreu's behalf in accordance with Rule 4(c)(2). Therefore, we will vacate the District Court's order dismissing Abreu's complaint. We remand this matter to the District Court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.