Case Name: Shannon RUSSELL, Appellant, v. Louis W. SULLIVAN, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1991-12-02
Citations: 950 F.2d 542
Docket Number: No. 91-1459
Parties: Shannon RUSSELL, Appellant, v. Louis W. SULLIVAN, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee.
Judges: Before BEAM, Circuit Judge, HEANEY, Senior Circuit Judge, and LOKEN, Circuit Judge.
Reporter: Federal Reporter 2d Series
Volume: 950
Pages: 542–547

Head Matter:
Shannon RUSSELL, Appellant, v. Louis W. SULLIVAN, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, Appellee.
No. 91-1459.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted Aug. 5, 1991.
Decided Dec. 2, 1991.
Shannon Russell, pro se.
Joseph B. Moore, St. Louis, Mo., argued (Janet Braggs, Kansas City, Mo., on the brief), for appellee.
Before BEAM, Circuit Judge, HEANEY, Senior Circuit Judge, and LOKEN, Circuit Judge.

Opinion:
LOKEN, Circuit Judge.
Shannon Russell appeals an order of the district court affirming the decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services to deny his application for Social Security disability and supplemental security income (SSI) benefits because he is not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. See 42 U.S.C. § 423 and 1381a. Because substantial evidence on the record as a whole supports the Secretary's decision, we affirm.
I.
Russell is 51 years old and is currently enrolled in college after working over twenty years as a farmer, foundry worker and industrial painter. Russell applied for Social Security disability benefits on January 25, 1985, alleging that he was disabled by back injuries sustained when he fell twenty feet from a scaffold on July 3,1984. While his disability claim was pending, Russell applied for SSI benefits on December 23, 1985, after which the two claims were considered together. Following a hearing on July 30, 1986, an administrative law judge denied both claims, but the Appeals Council remanded for a determination of the severity of Russell's mental impairments.
On remand, Russell underwent a psychological consultative examination, as directed by the Appeals Council, and an additional hearing was held. The AU issued his decision on June 13,1988, finding that Russell has a combination of impairments— back injury and depression—that render him unable to perform his past work; that he nonetheless retains the residual functional capacity to perform the full range of sedentary work; that his complaints of totally disabling pain are not credible; and that the Secretary had met his burden of proving that Russell is not disabled under the Medical-Vocational Guidelines, 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 2, Rule 201.21. Russell sought further administrative review, but the Appeals Council declined his request, leaving the AU's opinion as the Secretary's final decision.
Russell then commenced this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The Magistrate Judge issued an extensive Report, reviewing the administrative record and recommending that the Secretary's motion for summary judgment be granted. The district court adopted that recommendation, 758 F.Supp. 490 and Russell appeals.
II.
We must affirm if substantial evidence on the record as a whole supports the Secretary's decision. This inquiry requires us to give appropriate weight to evidence contrary to the AU's findings. Turley v. Sullivan, 939 F.2d 524, 528 (8th Cir.1991). However, "the possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent an administrative agency's findings from being supported by substantial evidence." Cruse v. Bowen, 867 F.2d 1183, 1184 (8th Cir.1989). After careful review of the extensive administrative record, we conclude that substantial evidence supports the Secretary's decision.
In making the required disability analysis, the AU first found that Russell's physical impairments prevent him from performing his past heavy work, based upon the reports of treating physicians that Russell has limited ability to lift, bend and stoop. This finding shifts the burden to the Secretary to prove that Russell nonetheless has the "residual functional capacity" to perform other available work in the national economy. See Hutsell v. Sullivan, 892 F.2d 747, 749-50 (8th Cir.1989).
The AU next determined that Russell's physical impairments do not prevent him from performing the full range of sedentary work, as defined in the Secretary's regulations. Although Russell challenges this determination, the medical evidence overwhelmingly supports it. Except for one consulting physician who saw Russell once and opined that he was "temporarily" disabled, all of Russell's doctors agreed that his physical impairments do not preclude him from performing sedentary jobs. Numerous medical reports and test results in the record support this conclusion. As the Magistrate Judge summarized this medical evidence:
[Russell's] treating physicians have consistently reported that [his physical impairment] imposes some limitations, but it does not preclude lighter work. The objective medical evidence of exertional impairment required by the Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 . is simply lacking.
Thus, the administrative record fully supports the AU's finding that Russell is physically capable of doing sedentary work.
Because disability can be caused by mental as well as physical impairments, see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1505, the AU next considered whether Russell has a mental impairment that prevents him from performing sedentary jobs in the national economy. Mental impairments are analyzed under a detailed "special procedure" set forth in the regulations. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.-1520a and 416.920a. First, the AU must make clinical findings, called "paragraph A criteria," as to whether the claimant has a medically determinable mental disorder specified in one of eight diagnostic categories defined in the regulations. See 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 12.00 A. Then, the AU must measure the severity of any mental disorder, that is, its impact on the applicant's ability to work. This i& assessed in terms of a prescribed list of functional restrictions associated with mental disorders, called "paragraph B criteria." Ibid.
In this case, in the paragraph A analysis, the AU found the presence of a medically documented "affective disorder," id. at § 12.04, but no other mental disorder. Turning to the paragraph B analysis, the AU found that Russell's affective disorder caused a slight restriction in his daily activities and a slight difficulty in social functioning, but no other functional limitation. Based upon these findings, the AU concluded that this mental impairment is not "severe," that is, it does not "significantly limit [Russell's] physical or mental ability to do basic work activities." See 20 C.P.R. § 404.1520a(c)(l), 404.1521(a). There is ample evidence in the record to support these findings. Moreover, the AU's analysis of the mental impairment question was consistent with the regulations' special procedure. Therefore, we must accept his conclusion that Russell does not have a mental impairment which, in combination with his physical impairments, renders him unable to perform sedentary work. Cf. Burns v. Sullivan, 888 F.2d 1218, 1219 (8th Cir.1989).
Finally, Russell argues that the AU failed to give proper weight to his testimony that he suffers from disabling pain. Under our decision in Polaski v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1320, 1322 (8th Cir.1984), an AU must address this issue by looking at five factors: (1) the claimant's daily activities; (2) the duration, frequency and intensity of the pain; (3) precipitating and aggravating factors; (4) dosage, effectiveness and side effects of medication; and (5) functional restrictions. The question is not whether Russell feels any pain—undoubtedly, he does—but rather whether to credit fully his claim that his back hurts so much he cannot perform sedentary work. Benskin v. Bowen, 830 F.2d 878, 883 (8th Cir.1987).
An AU must seriously consider a claimant's subjective testimony about pain. However, "[i]f an AU explicitly discredits a claimant's testimony and gives a good reason for doing so, we will normally defer to that judgment." Dixon v. Sullivan, 905 F.2d 237, 238 (8th Cir.1990). In this case, the medical evidence was inconsistent with Russell's complaints of disabling pain, and the AU gave detailed reasons why he found Russell's testimony about pain not credible:
There are inconsistencies which detract from his credibility. At the hearing, he testified that he can only walk one-eighth of a mile but, in physical therapy, he was able to walk one mile. He indicated that he has difficulty climbing stairs but, with physical therapy, he was able to climb stairs for ten minutes. Despite his complaints of pain, at physical therapy he tolerated exercises quite well. After the initial injury, the claimant did not rest, but campaigned for public office. Dr. Hertel advised the claimant to discard his brace, but found that the claimant was wearing it around the clock. The claimant reported, to a pain clinic doctor, that his pain was minimal when he was moving, and that he had little trouble standing for any length of time. At the hearing, he testified that sitting was very painful, but that he sits through his classes. He sat at the hearing without significant discomfort. He would not bend for Dr. Miller, but the doctor observed a full bend while he was seated. Sensory examinations have been inconsistent. . When he was hospitalized, in October 1984, it was noted that his back pain was mild. On discharge, he had minimal back discomfort. His reports to the physical therapist were inconsistent. At times, he indicated that the TENS unit helped and, at other times, he said it did not. He told the doctors that the intercostal block had been, at least temporarily, effective, but told the physical therapist that it had not helped. Testing showed a pain exaggeration profile. These factors show that the claimant's allegations of symtoms, which preclude the performance of the full range of sedentary work, are not credible.
On a record replete with medical evidence contrary to Russell's testimony about pain, we must accept the AU's credibility determination. See Carlock v. Sullivan, 902 F.2d 1341, 1343 (8th Cir.1990).
Having rejected Russell's subjective testimony that pain prevents him from engaging in the full range of sedentary work, the ALJ properly determined whether the Secretary had met his burden by use of the "grid," the Medical-Vocational Guidelines contained in the regulations, without vocational expert testimony. See Hutsell v. Sullivan, 892 F.2d 747 (8th Cir.1989). Considering Russell's age, education, work experience, and capacity for a full range of sedentary work, the ALJ concluded that Rule 201.21 of the Guidelines directs a finding that he is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpt. P, App. 2, Rule 201.21. The record supports this application of the grid. Accordingly, we must affirm.
. The HONORABLE STEPHEN N. LIMBAUGH, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri. Judge Limbaugh's order adopts the Report and Recommendations of The Hon. David D. Noce, United States Magistrate Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri.
. Though there are some different threshhold eligibility requirements for disability and SSI benefits, the analysis for determining disability is identical under both programs. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520 (disability) and 416.920 (SSI).