Case Name: Marston against Lawrence & Dayton
Court: New York Supreme Court of Judicature
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1800-04
Citations: 1 Johns. Cas. 397
Docket Number: 
Parties: Marston against Lawrence & Dayton.
Judges: 
Reporter: Johnson's Cases
Volume: 1
Pages: 472–474

Head Matter:
Marston against Lawrence & Dayton.
Where the defendant pleads another action pending, the plaintiff may enter a nil capiat per "breve, in the first suit, before a replication to the plea in abatement, and that without leave-of the court, or payment of costs.
In a plea of abatement the defendant must verify his whole plea.
This was an action on a promissory noté, by the endorsee against the endorsers. The defendants pleaded in abatement a former suit by the same plaintiff against them, on the.‘same note, to which he had pleaded in abatement, that one Francis Child was a partner, and ought to have been joined with them, which suit was pending at the commencement of the present action, and is still pending. Replication, nul tiel record, and issue. ,
It appeared, that on the J3th of December, 1799, after receiving the plea in abatement, a discontinuance was entered by the plaintiff in'the first suit; that the present suit was commenced before October term, the declaration filed thei 28th of December, and the plea in abatement received the 31st of December. On the l'3th of January, 1800, a nil capiat per breve was entered in the first cause, and on the 16th of January, the replication was filed in the' present suit, and issue joined thereon.
* Haris on, for the plaintiff,
stated the question to [*398] be, whether the discontinuance of the former suit must be entered, before the new suit is commenced, or at any time before the replication of nul tiel record was filed ? He contended, that the discontinuance, being matter of right, might be entered at any time before replication. He cited 1 Cromp. 188. Barnes, 257. 1 Leon. 105. Impey’s K. B. p. 169. 1 Sellon, 304.
Burr, for the defendants,
contended, that after a plea, the plaintiff cannot discontinue, without leave of the court.
Harison,
in reply, insisted, that no leave was necessary in any case, where there was not room for the court to impose terms or conditions on the defendant, which was the case here.
б) S. C., C. C. 97.

Opinion:
Per Curiam.
It is sufficient if the nil capiat per breve be entered at any time before replication in the second suit. The cases cited show that a discontinuance may be entered at any time before plea pleaded in the second suit,, without leave, and without costs. In a plea of abatement, the defendant must verify his whole plea. (Comyns Abat. I. 11.) , If he does not, he must answer over, and where the plea is triable by record, there may be a judgment of respondeas ouster, as well as where the trial is by certificate or inspection. (Comyns Abat. I. 14.)
Judgment of respondeas ouster.
But a nonsuit in a prior action, after such action is pleaded in abatement is not a sufficient replication to the plea. Commonwealth v. Churchill, 5 Mass. R. 174.
" If the plea be filed without an affidavit to verify it, the plaintiff may treat it as a- nullity and sign judgment, 1 Str. 225, 639 ; 1 T. R. 277, 689 ; 5 T. R. 210 ; 7 T. R. 298, or he may move to set it aside. 1 Str. 638 ; Say. 19, 293 ; 3 Burr. 1617. Although, in a late case, the court of common pleas in England, refused to set aside a plea in abatement, on the ground of the insufficiency of the affidavit, for the reason, that the plaintiff might have considered the plea as a nullity and signed judgment. 2 Moore, 213 ; see 1 Dowl. Pr. Cas. 693." Gra. Prac. 2d ed. 230. By the Revised Statutes, no plea in abatement, &c., shall be received by any court, unless the party offering such plea shall prove the truth thereof by affidavit, or by some other evidence, 2 R. S. 276, § 21. The facts in a dilatory plea must be positively sworn to, and must be set forth in positive terms : it is not sufficient to swear that the facts are true, " to the best knowledge and belief," of defendant. Day v. Hamburgh, 1 Browne, 77. The affidavit must be positive as to the truth of every fact contained in the plea, leaving nothing to be collected by inference. Belief will not answer, but the party must swear without qualification, that the plea is true in substance and matter of fact. Kingsland v. Cowman, 5 Hill, 608. The following form of such an affidavit is given in Humphrey's Practical Forms, (Albany 1845,) vol. 1, p. 515:
" [City and] county of . ss : C. D. the above named defendant being sworn, says that the above plea is true in substance and matter of fact. CD.
" Sworn, &c."
If a dilatory plea be filed without a verifying affidavit it may be treated as a nullity or the plaintiff may move the court, to set it aside. Richmond v. Tallmadge, 16 Johns. R. 307. Young v. Stringer, 5 Hayw. 32. See Rapp v. Elliott, 2 Dall. 184. So of matter of mere abatement, pleaded in bar. Robinson v. Fisher, 3 Caines' R. 93. See also 2 Cowen's Treatise, 2d ed. 677, 678.
" Judgment for the plaintiff upon ' demurrer, is not final, but merely a respondeas ouster. 3 Wend. 258; 10 Wend. 424; 1 Johns. Cas. 397 ; S. C. Colem. 97. The sanie rule also formerly applied, with us, to judgment for the plaintiff, upon a replication of nul tiel record,, the issue in such case having been, at one time, triable by the record. 1 Johns. Cas. 397 ; S. C. Colem. 97. The reason of the rule, now, however, has ceased, the issue of nul tiel record being triable, like all other- issues in fact, by a jury, 6 Wend. 512 ; and, consequently, judgment for the plaintiff on a verdict upon such' an issue, is peremptory. As to the time within which the defendant is bound to plead, upon a judgment of respondeas ouster, it is provided by rule, that when there shall have been a judgment of respondeas ouster, on a demurrer to a plea in abatement, and the plaintiff shall have served the defendant with a notice of such judgment, the defendant shall plead within four days from the day of service of such notice, or" his default in not pleading may be entered. Rule 18." Gra. Prac. 2d ed. 752.