Case Name: PEOPLE v. CUNNINGHAM (AFTER REMAND)
Court: Michigan Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 2013-05-28
Citations: 301 Mich. App. 218
Docket Number: Docket No. 309277
Parties: PEOPLE v CUNNINGHAM (AFTER REMAND)
Judges: Before: FITZGERALD, EJ., and O’CONNELL and SHAPIRO, JJ.
Reporter: Michigan appeals reports; cases decided in the Michigan Court of Appeals.
Volume: 301
Pages: 218–225

Head Matter:
PEOPLE v CUNNINGHAM (AFTER REMAND)
Docket No. 309277.
Submitted April 9, 2013, at Grand Rapids.
Decided May 28, 2013, at 9:00 a.m.
Leave to appeal sought.
Frederick L. Cunningham pleaded guilty in the Allegan Circuit Court, Margaret Z. Bakker, J., of obtaining a controlled substance by fraud. He was sentenced to one to four years’ imprisonment, $1,000 in court costs, and other costs and fines. Defendant appealed, alleging that the $1,000 in court costs was not reasonable for felony cases in Allegan County. The Court of Appeals remanded the matter to the trial court to determine, in light of People v Sanders, 296 Mich App 710 (2012), the reasonable costs for felony cases in the Allegan Circuit Court. People v Cunningham, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, entered October 2,2012 (Docket No. 309277). On remand, the trial court eventually held that there was a reasonable relationship between the $1,000 imposed and the actual costs incurred, which the evidence showed to be $1,238.48.
After remand, the Court of Appeals held:
Sanders held that MCL 769.1k does not preclude a sentencing court from considering overhead costs when determining the amount of costs to impose. Sanders also established that a sentencing court need not calculate particularized court costs in every criminal case and may impose reasonable costs against an offender without separately calculating the particular costs of the offender’s case. No error warranting reversal occurred in the sentencing court’s assessment of costs.
Affirmed.
Shapiro, J., dissenting, noted that the Court in People v Sanders, 296 Mich App 710 (2012), essentially ignored the holding in People v Dilworth, 291 Mich App 399 (2011), by which it was bound. Both Sanders and Dilworth allowed for the assessment of the costs of prosecuting a convicted criminal defendant. Dilworth held that such costs are limited to those specifically incurred because of the individual case, not a share of the overall cost of having courts and prosecutors. Sanders held that costs of the court may include the general costs of maintaining the judicial branch of government. Sanders also concluded that it need not follow the holding in People v Teasdale, 335 Mich 1 (1952), that an assessment of costs against a convicted defendant excludes expenditures in connection with the maintenance and functioning of governmental agencies that must he borne by the public irrespective of specific violations of the law, on the basis of an erroneous assertion that the language of the statute involved in Teasdale barred maintenance and overhead costs. The costs of operating the government itself must he borne by all Michigan residents, not just those who run afoul of the law. The Court of Appeals majority should have followed Dilvoorth.
Costs — Court Costs — Felony Costs.
Court costs imposed under MCL 769.1k(l)(b)(¿¿) need not be calculated separately in each individual case but there must be a reasonable relationship between the costs imposed and the actual costs incurred by a trial court; a trial court may consider its overhead costs in determining the court costs.
Bill Schuette, Attorney General, John J. Bursch, Solicitor General, Frederick L. Anderson, Prosecuting Attorney, and Judy Hughes Astle, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
State Appellate Defender (by Anne M. Yantus) for defendant.
Before: FITZGERALD, EJ., and O’CONNELL and SHAPIRO, JJ.

Opinion:
O'Connell, J.
AFTER REMAND
This matter returns to us following our remand to the sentencing court to determine in light of People v Sanders, 296 Mich App 710; 825 NW2d 87 (2012), whether the $1,000 in court costs imposed as part of defendant's sentence was reasonable for felony cases in the Allegan Circuit Court. People v Cunningham, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, entered Octo ber 2, 2012 (Docket No. 309277). We conclude that the prosecution established a sufficient factual basis for the amount of costs imposed and accordingly affirm.
Defendant's sentence arose from his guilty plea to a charge of obtaining a controlled substance by fraud, MCL 333.7407(l)(c). He was sentenced to one to four years' imprisonment and $1,000 in court costs, as well as other costs and fees. In keeping with our remand order, the sentencing court held a hearing and received evidence that the average actual court cost for criminal cases in the Allegan Circuit Court is $1,238.48. On the basis of that figure, the sentencing court held that there was a reasonable relationship between the $1,000 in imposed court costs and the actual costs incurred. Defendant does not challenge that finding on appeal.
Instead, defendant contends that the sentencing court erred by (1) including in its calculation the expenses associated with maintaining governmental agencies and (2) failing to calculate the particular costs incurred in this case. We disagree with both of defendant's contentions.
The controlling law establishes that a sentencing court may consider overhead costs when determining the reasonableness of a court-costs figure. In this case, the sentencing court imposed costs under MCL 769.1k, which provides, in relevant part:
(1) If a defendant enters a plea of guilty . . both of the following apply at the time of the sentencing or at the time entry of judgment of guilt is deferred pursuant to statute or sentencing is delayed pursuant to statute:
(a) The court shall impose the minimum state costs as set forth in section lj [MCL 769. lj] of this chapter.
(b) The court may impose any or all of the following:
(i) Any fíne.
(ii) Any cost in addition to the minimum state cost set forth in subdivision (a).
(Hi) The expenses of providing legal assistance to the defendant.
(;iv) Any assessment authorized by law.
0v) Reimbursement under section If [MCL 769.If] of this chapter.
In People v Sanders, 296 Mich App 710, this Court determined that the statute does not preclude a sentencing court from considering overhead costs when determining the amount of costs to impose. Id. at 714. The Sanders decision thus confirms that the sentencing court in this case properly considered indirect expenses in determining whether the amount designated as court costs was reasonable.
Sanders also establishes that a sentencing court need not calculate particularized court costs in every criminal case. In the initial Sanders opinion, 296 Mich App at 711, this Court held that MCL 769.1k(l)(b)(ii) allows a sentencing court to impose reasonable costs against an offender without separately calculating the particular costs of the offender's case. In the subsequent opinion affirming the assessment of $1,000 in costs, the Court explained the flaw in the alternate, particularized approach that defendant espouses in this case:
[W]e would be hesitant to uphold an approach that would take into account whether the case was resolved by a plea or by a trial. If we embraced defendant's argument that costs should be less in a case resolved by a plea that only took "25 minutes of court time" rather than by a trial, there would be a realistic concern that we would be penalizing a defendant for going to trial rather than pleading guilty. That is, a system where greater costs were imposed on a defendant who went to trial rather than plead guilty or nolo contendere would create a financial incentive for a defendant to plead rather than face the possibility of even greater court costs being imposed for exercising his or her constitutional right to a trial. [People v Sanders (After Remand), 298 Mich App 105, 108; 825 NW2d 376 (2012).]
In sum, we find no error warranting reversal in the sentencing court's assessment of costs in this case.
Affirmed.
Fitzgerald, EJ., concurred with O'Connell, J.