Case Name: Emerson and others v. Howe
Court: United States Circuit Court for the District of Massachusetts
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1881-06-29
Citations: 8 F. 327
Docket Number: 
Parties: Emerson and others v. Howe.
Judges: 
Reporter: Federal Reporter
Volume: 8
Pages: 327–329

Head Matter:
Emerson and others v. Howe.
(Circuit Court, D. Massachusetts.
June 29, 1881.)
1. Patent N"o. 157,395 — Shoe Buckle — Anticipation—Validity.
Letters patent No. 157,395, granted December 1,1874, to Calvin Hersome, for improvement in shoe buckles, held, not anticipated by letters patent No. 48,135, granted June 6, I860, to John E. Smith, and letters patent- No. 117,347, granted July 25, 1871, to Samuel O. Talcott; also, held valid.
2. Same — Same—Sam is — In eringemknt.
Complainants’ device, consisting of an ordinary buckle in combination with a plate hung- on tho cross-bar thereof, formed with a prong at each end, which, after being inserted in the leather, are bent down towards each other and hold the buckle in place, held, not anticipated by tho Smith buckle, in which the permanent connection with the strap is not made by clamping, but by inserting the end of the plate, which is formed with two projections, into a slit, and turning it half around; or the Talcott buckle, having a metal box to receive the free end of the strap, such box being firmly clamped to the strap ; and held infringed by defendant’s buckle, in which the prongs are arranged one behind the other, so that their points do not bend towards each other.
3. Patent — Small Articles — Slight Dieeerences — Adavtation to Needs oe Commerce.
In patents for small articles, slight, differences are often important, and if such things are patentable at all, it must always be in virtue of a more useful adaptation to tho needs of commerce, by small changes of structure, which in a great machine might bo merely alternate modes of reaching' a part of a general result.
In Equity.
James E. Maynadier, for complainants.
George E. Terry and Causten Browne, for defendant.

Opinion:
Lowell, 0. J.
The complainants are the owners of patent No. 157,395, issued December 1,1874, to Calvin Hersome, for an improvement in buckles.
"This invention," says tlie specification, "pertains to the buckle of a boot or shoe; and it consists in the combination with and application to a buckle of ordinary construction of a two-pronged plate, which is hung on the cross-bar of the buckle that carries the buckle-prong, and has its prongs shaped for eaáy insertion in the leather strap, and for their being bent towards each other, as will hereinafter fully appear. "
The buckle is then described .with due reference to the drawings. The claim is for—
" The buckle-frame, A, having the central cross-bar, a, and the buckle-prong, B, pivoted to said cross-bar, in combination with the plate, C, hinged to said cross-bar, a, and having the prongs, 6 6, as and for the object specified. "
The drawings and description show a simple and convenient method of clamping a buckle to the fixed part of the strap by a thin plate formed with a prong at each end, which, after being inserted in the leather, are bent down and hold the buckle very firmly in place. The defendant's buckle is like the Hersome buckle, except that the prongs are arranged one behind the other, so that the points do not bend towards each other. I suppose they might be so bent that the prongs would approach each other somewhat.
If the patent is valid, and covers a buckle with its plate, with prongs forming a part of a plate suitable for clamping the buckle, whether bent towards each other or not, the defendant is liable.
The Smith patent, June 6, 1865, No. 48,135, and the Talcott patent, July 25, 1871, No. 117,347, are relied upon by the defendant as anticipations of the Hersome, or as calculated to reduce it to very small dimensions. Buckles made under both these patents have been found useful in the trade. The Smith, or Smith & Griggs, or "Anchor" buckle, as it is called from its shape, has the construction of the Her-some, except that the permanent connection with the standing part of the strap was not made by clamping, but by inserting the end of the plate, which is formed with two projections, into a slit, and turning it half round. This connection is loose and inconvenient. By a slight change in the shape of the projections they might be inserted into two slits and clamped. The actual construction of the Anchor buckle does not suggest such an alteration, and when made the clamp would not be good for much.
The Taleott buekle has a metal box to receive the free end of the strap. It is both useful and ornamental for a carriage curtain, but could not be applied to a shoe. The box is clamped to the fixed part of the strap very much as Hersome's is, but the plate of Hersome differs very decidedly from the box, and Talcott's buckle could not be decribed in the words of Hersome's patent.
In these patents for small articles slight differences are often important; and, if such things are patentable at all, it must almost always be in virtue of a more useful adaptation to the needs of commerce by small changes of structure, which in a great machine might be merely alternate modes of reaching a part of a general result. The defendant's expert says that the Hersome buckle is not suggested by the description of the Smith or Anchor buckle, and would be likely to be preferred; and the evidence of the plaintiffs proves that it is preferred. The changes made by Hersome, the subject-matter being considered, were patentable improvements upon what was known before; and the defendant makes use of those improvements.
Decree for the complainants.