Case Name: Rose S. Griffith, Anna W. Griffith, Henry L. Coe and Benjamin H. Yeoman, Appellants, v. Walter R. Griffith, Appellee
Court: Florida Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1910-01
Citations: 59 Fla. 512
Docket Number: 
Parties: Rose S. Griffith, Anna W. Griffith, Henry L. Coe and Benjamin H. Yeoman, Appellants, v. Walter R. Griffith, Appellee.
Judges: Shackleford and Cockrell, J. J., concur;
Reporter: Florida Reports
Volume: 59
Pages: 512–516

Head Matter:
Rose S. Griffith, Anna W. Griffith, Henry L. Coe and Benjamin H. Yeoman, Appellants, v. Walter R. Griffith, Appellee.
1. Where a person entitled to a homestead dies leaving children, the homestead is not subject to testamentary disposition.
2. Where the bona fide object of a suit is the partition of land between common owners thereof, some of whom are complainants and the others are defendants, and some of the parties to the suit are in possession, then all controversies as to the legal title and right of possession may and should be settled by the court, as authorized by the statute. But a suit for partition cannot be resorted to as a substitute for the action of ejectment, nor used for the sole purpose of testing a legal title or trying an issue as to it.
This case w^s decided by Division A.
Appealed from the Circuit Court for Manatee County.
The facts in the case are stated in the opinion of the court.
Sparhmcm & Garter and Smgletary & Reaves, for Appellants ;
G. G. WMtaker, for Appellee.

Opinion:
Whitfield, C. J.
A decree of partition is appealed from. The amended bill alleges in substance that Walter R. Griffith, the sole complainant, and Rose S. Griffith are the only son and daughter of Robert S. Griffith who died about April 10, 1898; that Robert S. Griffith by will gave all his property to Anna W. Griffith his wife and appointed her sole executrix with full power to sell and convey all the property of the estate; that an attempt was made to probate the will and it was recorded in the public records of Manatee county; that at his death Robert S. Griffith was the head of a family residing in Manatee county, Florida; that he had title to-and was seized and possessed in fee simple of certain described real estate and resided thereon at his death as his homestead; that said land was not subject to the will; that the widow having taken certain property of the decedent of greater value than the homestead under the will, she should be barred of any right in the homestead, but in any event the widow is only entitled to dower in the homestead; that on February 23rd, 1899, the widow conveyed all her right, title and interest in the homestead to Henry L. Coe; that Coe claiming by virtue of such conveyance some interest the nature of which is unknown to complainant, conveyed on August 2, 1899, his interest in a portion of the homestead purchased from the widow to Benjamin H. Yeoman; that complainant is seized and possessed of a fee simple title to an undivided one-half interest in the homestead; that complainant and the defendant Rose S. Griffith are tenants in common of the homestead; that Anna W. Griffith "claims some right, title and interest therein, the exact nature of which is unknown to" complainant; that Henry L. Coe claims to hold some interest in a portion of the homestead; that if Coe has any interest it is the dower interest of the widow conveyed to him by her; that Benjamin H. Yeoman claims some interest in a portion of the homestead, by his conveyance from Coe who received conveyance from the widow, and such interest of Yeoman if any is the dower interest of the widow. Partition is prayed between the complainant and the defendants "according to their respective rights, estates and interests therein." A demurrer to the bill interposed by Henry L. Coe was overruled. Henry L. Coe by answer called for strict proof as to the homestead right; avers that Anna W. Griffith claim ing title under the will of Robert S. Griffith, "conveyed the said land to this defendant by deed on February 28, 1899, and this defendant claiming and holding said land under- and by virtue of said deed" on August 2, 1899, conveyed by warranty deed to Benjamin H. Yeoman a stated portion of the lands; that said Yeoman claiming title under such deed on August 2, 1899, entered upon and took possession of the land so conveyed "and by virtue of said deed has been in continued uninterrupted possession thereof for more than seven years prior to the filing of this suit, and now is in possession thereof and occupying the same as his home;" that defendant is the owner of the interest said Anna W. Griffith had in the land except th.e part he has sold to Yeoman; that no dower has been assigned to the widow; that Yeoman for more than seven years held adverse possession of the part sold by Coe to him and is now in actual adverse possession thereof claiming to be the owner of it, and the real object of this suit is to determine the rights of Yeoman in the land. The answer of Yeoman claims title to a portion of the homestead by adverse possession for the statutory period under the conveyance to him from Coe. The answer of Rose S. Griffith admits the homestead rights and the dower rights of the widow, admits that she and the complainant are each entitled to an undivided half interest in the homestead subject to the rights of the widow. A decree pro confesso was entered against the widow. Replications were filed to the answers of Rose S. Griffith and Henry L. Coe. The court decreed partition equally between Walter R. Griffith and Rose S. Griffith subject to the dower right of the widow Anna W. Griffith. The defendants appealed and contend that partition should not have been decreed, that if partition. is made the interests of all the parties should be decreed and that the defendant Yeoman has title by ad verse possession to a portion of the homestead. There is testimony in support of the homestead rights and of the claims set up by the defendants Coe and Yeoman.
Under the constitution "a homestead to the extent of one hundred and sixty acres of land, or the half of one acre within the limits of any incorporated city or town, owned by the head of a family residing in this State, together with one thousand dollars worth of personal property and the improvements on the real estate, shall be exempt from forced sale under process of any court, and the real estate shall not be alienable without the joint consent of the husband and wife, when that relation exists. "
"The exemptions shall inure to the widow and heirs of the party entitled to such exemption" • "Nothing in this article shall be construed to prevent the holder of a homestead from alienating his or .her homestead so exempted by deed or mortgage duly executed by himself or herself, and by husband and wife, if such relation exists; nor if the holder be without children to prevent him or her from disposing of his or her homestead by will in a manner to be prescribed by law." Secs. 1, 2, and 4 Constitution of 1885. Chapter 4730 Acts of 1899 forbids a testamentary disposition of th.e homestead real estate by one having a wife. Saxon v. Rawls, 51 Fla., 555, 41 South. Rep., 594; Thomas v. Williamson, 51 Fla. 332, 40 South. Rep., 831. See, also, Thomas v. Craft, 55 Fla. 842, 46 South. Rep. 594.
Although the owner of the homestead died before the passage of Chapter 4730 Acts of 1899, he had children living and under the constitution the homestead was not subject to testamentary disposition. As to such homestead the husband died intestate and the widow is given her statutory interest therein. Palmer v. Palmer, 47 Fla. 200, 35 South. Rep. 983.
Where the bona fide object of a suit is the partition of land between common owners thereof, some of whom are complainants and the others are defendants, and some of the parties to the suit are in possession, then all controversies as to the legal title and right of possession may and should be settled by the court, as authorized by the statute. But a suit for partition cannot be resorted to as a substitute for the action of ejectment, nor used for the sole purpose of testing a legal title or trying an issue as to it. Rivas v. Summers, 33 Fla. 539, 15 South. Rep. 319; Koon v. Koon, 55 Fla. 834, 46 South. Rep., 633; Camp Phosphate Co. v. Anderson, 48 Fla., 226, 37 South. Rep. 722, 111 Am. St. Rep. 77; Dallam v. Sanchez, 56 Fla. 799, 47 South. Rep. 871.
In this case neither of the two heirs nor the widow of the decedent is in possession of any of the lands, and there appears to be no controversy between the two heirs,nor between the heirs and the widow. The grantee of the widow claims her right in a portion of the homestead land, and his grantee claims title by adverse possession to another portion of it to which he has a warranty deed from the widow's grantee. The proofs tend prima facie to support the adverse claims to a part at least of the lands, and such claims do not now clearly appear to be contrary to law as to the complainant. It is apparent that the only controversy is over the rights of the heirs as against those claiming adversely under the widow's conveyance. Under these circumstances partition is not the complainant's remedy.
The decree is reversed.
Shackleford and Cockrell, J. J., concur;
Taylor, Hocker and Parkhill, J. J., concur in the opinion.