Case Name: DOWNING v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1911-03-08
Citations: 136 S.W. 471
Docket Number: 
Parties: DOWNING v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 136
Pages: 471–476

Head Matter:
DOWNING v. STATE.
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
March 8, 1911.
Appellant’s Rehearing Denied April 19, 1911.)
1. Perjury (§ 11 ) — Nature op Evidence— MATERIALITY.
Where, in a suit by accused as indorsee of a note, he claimed and sought to use evidence that A., from whom he procured the note, had not signed the same until he did so at the request of accused at the time of transfer, as a circumstance to prove that accused was an innocent purchaser, and accused testified to such fact solely to prove that he was an innocent purchaser, the fact as to when A. signed the note was sufficiently material to be the subject of an assignment of perjury.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 38-54; Dec. Dig. § 11. ]
2. Perjury (§ 32 ) — Testimony Given on Former Trial — Mode of Proof.
Where perjury was based on alleged testimony by accused in a prior suit on certain notes, it was proper for the state to permit witnesses, including the stenographer at the trial, to testify what testimony was given by him in such suit.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 108-116; Dec. Dig. § 32. ]
3. Perjury (§ 32 ) — Falsity of Testimony-Evidence.
Where in a suit on certain notes accused testified that A., from whom he purchased the notes, had not signed them until he did so at the request of accused at the time of the transfer, to establish that accused was a bona fide purchaser for value, and perjury was assigned on such testimony, evidence that witnesses 'had seen the notes prior to the date of the purchase, and that A.’s name was on them at that time, and also that other witnesses saw A. sign the notes prior to the purchase, and prior to their indorsement by the payees before they were delivered to A., who delivered them to accused, was admissible.
[Ed. Note. — For other eases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 108-116; Dec. Dig. § 32. ]
4. Perjury (§ 32 ) — Evidence—Pleading.
In a prosecution for perjury consisting of false testimony given in another suit, the pleadings in such suit were properly admitted; the court having limited the purpose, for which they might be considered.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 108-116; Dec. Dig. § 32. ]
5. Witnesses (§ 337 ) — Impeachment — Accused.
Where accused voluntarily testified in his own behalf, the court did not err in permitting the state to prove that the reputation of accused and several of his witnesses for truth and veracity was bad.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Cent. Dig. §§ 1113-1148; Dec. Dig. § 337. ]
6. Witnesses (§ 318 ) — Support — Reputation por Truth.
Where no effort was made by accused to prove contradictory statements or to impeach the reputation of the state’s witnesses, the court erred in permitting the state to prove that the reputation of such witnesses for truth and veracity was good.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Cent. Dig. §§ 1084-1086; Dec. Dig. § 318. ]
7. Mortgages (§ 236 ) — Transfer—Security for Debt.
A transfer of a debt secured by a deed of trust transfers the security.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Mortgages, Cent. Dig. §§ 620, 621; Dec. Dig. § 235. ]
8. Witnesses (§ 201 ) — Attorney and Client-Privileged Communications.
In a prosecution for perjury alleged to have been committed in a suit by accused on certain notes secured by a deed of trust, the state desiring the deed of trust to introduce in evidence called the attorney for accused, and, over his objection and claim of privilege that his knowledge concerning the deed was secured through his relationship as attorney for accused, and under a, threat of commitment for contempt for refusing to testify, compelled him to state that the deed was in the possession of the wife of accused. Held, that the court erred in compelling the. attorney to testify under Code Cr. Proc. 1895, art; 773, providing that an attorney shall not disclose any fact which came to his knowledge by reason of such relationship, etc.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Cent. Dig. §§ 754, 755; Dec. Dig. § 201. ]
9. Witnesses (§ 52 ) — Husband and Wife-Privilege of Wife.
Code Cr. Proc. 1895, art. 775, provides that the husband and wife in all criminal actions may be witness for each other, but that they shall in no case testify against each other, except in a criminal prosecution, for an offense committed by one against the other, and article 774 declares that neither husband nor. wife shall in any case testify as to communications made by one to the other while married. Held, that where, in a prosecution against a husband for perjury, it appeared that a deed of trust which the state desired to introduce in evidence was in the possession of the wife, it was error to compel the wife’s appearance by subpoena duces tecum, and to require her to produce the deed to be used in evidence against her husband over his .objection, on penalty of incarceration for contempt in case of her refusal.
['Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Cent.' Dig. §§ 124-136; Dec. Dig. § 52. ]
10. Criminal Law (§ 721% ) — Trial—Misconduct of District Attorney — Argument.
The wife of accused having been improperly required to produce a deed of trust that the state might introduce the same in evidence against her husband, the district attorney, as shown by the bill of exceptions, stated that the attorney for accused “gave the deed of trust” to the wife, and “she was brought into court and made to dig it up.” The court qualified the bill by saying that the language used was, “We had a time getting possession of this deed of trust. They had it and would not give it up till the court got after them and made them dig it up.” Held, that such remarks, whether made in accordance with the version of the attorneys or of the court, were highly improper.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 1673; Dec. Dig. § 72iy2. ]
11. Criminal Law (§ 706 ) — Trial—Reception of Evidence — Misconduct of District Attorney.
Where, in a prosecution for perjury in a suit on certain notes alleged to have been executed by M., he was not a witness, and his conduct or reputation was neither in issue nor material, repeated efforts by the district attorney to show that M. was a scoundrel, that he had been hanged in Oklahoma, and had a bad reputation, after the court had directed the attorney not to continue such line of examination, was prejudicial error.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 1661; Dec. Dig. § 706. ]
12. Perjury (§ 32 ) — Evidence—Relevancy.
In a prosecution for perjury consisting of evidence given by accused in another action to. show that he was a bona fide purchaser of certain notes sued on, evidence as to the terms of a trade in which the notes were canceled and delivered to one of the alleged makers before they were transferred by the latter to accused, there being no claim that accused was present at that time or had any knowledge thereof when he purchased the notes, was irrelevant.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Dec. Dig. § 32. ]
Appeal from District Court, Potter County; J. N. Browning, Judge.
J. T. Downing was convicted of perjury, and he appeals.
Reversed and remanded.
E. G. Senter, Reeder, Graham & Williams, and G. A. Wright, for appellant. G. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
For other oases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key No. Series & Rep'r Indexes
For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Ain. Dig. Key No. Series & Rep'r Indexes

Opinion:
HARPER, J.
In this case the appellant was indicted, charged with the offense of perjury. Upon a trial he was convicted, and sentenced to five years' confinement in the penitentiary; hence this appeal.
In the record there are about 50 bills of exception. As several of them present matters which we think require a reversal of this ease, we will not review each of the bills, but only such of them as might affect another trial.
1. The first bill complains of the action of the court in refusing to quash the indictment. It appears from the record that .appellant before maturity purchased two negotiable notes from a man named Frank Adams. The 'notes were originally given to Neely and' Stephens by J. B. Miller and Frank Adams as a consideration for the purchase of a stock-of drugs. The trade was rescinded, and the notes surrendered- by Neely and Stephens to' Adams. Prior to their return to Adams, Neely and Stephens had made an effort to negotiate the notes and indorsed them. When the trade for the stock of drugs was canceled, and Adams received hack the notes, Neely and Stephens did not cancel the indorsement, and Adams went to Amarillo from Texline and sold the notes to defendant. When Neely and Stephens learned that defendant claimed to be an innocent purchaser of said notes, they brought suit against the defendant and Adams and Miller, alleging that defendant was not an innocent purchaser, but that he had entered into a conspiracy with Adams and Miller to claim to have purchased the notes, and require them, as indorsers, to pay them, praying that their indorsement of the notes be canceled, and that defendant be enjoined from selling said notes until their indorsement had been canceled. Upon a trial, defendant alleged that he was an innocent purchaser for value, and that at the time he purchased the notes the notes were signed by J. B. Miller alone, and in buying them from Adams he had no notice of any vice in the notes, and that Adams' name was signed to the notes at the time he purchased same at his, defendant's, request.
It might be conceded that, in so far as the liability of Neely and Stephens, as indorsers, is concerned, it would be immaterial when Adams signed the notes, but, when defendant alleges and relies on this as a circumstance to show that he was an innocent purchaser for value, it became a material fact in the trial of the civil cause. It is alleged that defendant testified in the trial of the civil cause that the name of Adams was not signed to the note as one of the original makers at the time he purchased them, but that Adams signed the notes as a joint maker a.t the time he purchased the notes. This statement is alleged to be false, and upon it the indictment for perjury is predicated. In Bradberry v. State, 7 Tex. App. 375, the court says: -"Perjury may consist, not only in false and corrupt testimony, relative to the main fact immediately at issue, but also in such testimony relative to material circumstances which tend to prove the issue, and irrespective of the truth or falsity of the main fact at issue." The main issue, of course, in the trial of the civil case was, Was defendant Downing an innocent purchaser of the notes? The fact or circumstance of when Adams signed the notes was sought by defendant to be used as a fact and circumstance to prove that he was an innocent purchaser, and that fact was alleged and testified to for the sole purpose of tending to prove that he was an innocent purchaser. We are not passing on the fact as to when Adams signed the note, but only if the fact alleged and testified to was false, could perjury be assigned on that fact. We are of the opinion it could, and the court did not err in overruling the motion to quash. Davidson v. State, 22 Tex. App. 381, 3 S. W. 662, and authorities there cited.
2. In a number of bills of exception defendant excepts to the action of the court in permitting witnesses Boyce, Kendall, and others, including the court stenographer, to testify as to the testimony of appellant on the trial of the civil suit. The perjury is based on what it is alleged that defendant testified in that suit, and it was permissible for the state to prove what defendant did testify in that suit on the point in issue. These bills present no error. Sisk v. State, 28 Tex. App. 432, 13 S. W. 647.
3. Appellant also com plains in several bills of exception that Oscar Calloway, J. S. Patrick, Stephens, and others were permitted to testify that they had seen the notes purchased by defendant prior to the date of his purchase, and that Prank Adams' name was signed to the notes; also to the testimony of witnesses that they saw Adams sign the notes in an office in Paris, Tex., prior to their purchase by Downing, and prior to their indorsement by Neely and Stephens, and prior to the time they were delivered to Prank Adams. Any and all legal testimony was admissible to show when the notes were signed by Adams, as this was a material issue in this perjury ease, and the court did not err in admitting this testimony.
4. Complaint is also made that the court erred in permitting the introduction of the pleadings in the civil suit in evidence. In a number of eases (Davidson v. State, 22 Tex. App. 372, 3 S. W. 662, and others cited) these papers are held to be admissible as evidence; the court limiting by proper charge the purpose for which they may be considered by the jury. In the sixth paragraph of the court's charge this matter is controlled by the ccrart.
5. Appellant also complains in bills of exception that the state was permitted to introduce evidence- that the reputation of defendant and several of his witnesses for truth and veracity was bad. Defendant voluntarily took the stand in his own behalf, and the court did not err in permitting the state to make this proof. McFadden v. State, 28 Tex. App. 241, 14 S. W. 128; Morales v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 234, 36 S. W. 435, 846.
However, the court not only permitted the state to prove the bad reputation of some of the defendant's witnesses, but also permitted the state to prove that the reputation of Stephens, Calloway, Patrick, and other witnesses for the state for truth and veracity was good. In-this the court erred. There had been no effort on the part of defendant to prove contradictory statements, or that the reputation of the state's witnesses was not good.' As said in the case otf Rushing v. State, 25 Tex. App. 607, 8 S. W. 807: "Mere conflict between evidence of a witness and that of other witnesses is not ground for admissibility of evidence of the reputation of the, witness for truth and veracity." See, also, Murphy v. State, 40 S. W. 978, and cases there cited. In this case, admitting this testimony, over objection of defendant,' was very harmful. A number of witnesses for defendant had testified that Adams signed the notes at the time defendant had sworn Adams signed them. Some of these witnesses the state was permitted to show that their reputation was bad for truth and veracity. This was legitimate, but then to take the witnesses for the state, who had sworn the note was signed at a different time, when no effort had been made to impeach them, and "bolster up" the state's case by proof that their reputation for truth and veracity is good, is never permissible. Mere conflict between testimony of one witness and others will not authorize introduction of supporting proof. Payne v. State, 40 Tex. Cr. R. 295, 50 S. W. 363; Texas Ry. v. Raney, 86 Tex. 365, 25 S. W. 11; Harris v. State; 45 S. W. 714.
6. Appellant also complains of the action of the court in regard to a certain deed of trust. It appears that at the time the notes were given Miller gave a deed of trust on land in Titus county to secure the payment of the notes. [7] Of course, when defendant purchased the notes, the deed of trust to secure the payment of the notes also became his property. The state desired this instrument to be introduced in evidence. The court permitted the state to place E. G. Sen-ter, defendant's attorney, on the stand, and question him in regard to this deed of trust, and learn through him that the defed of trust was then in possession of Mrs. Downing, defendant's wife.
The defendant had not summoned Mrs. Downing, but the court, at the instance of the state, upon learning that the paper was in the possession of defendant's wife, caused a subpoena duces tecum to issue commanding her to appear in court and bring the deed of trust. When she appeared in court and stated that she had not brought the deed of trust, the court refused to permit defendant's counsel to consult, or to permit her to consult with, any attorney, but instructed that, if she did not at once surrender to an officer of the court the deed of trust, he would adjudge her guilty of contempt, and commit her to jail until she did it.
Getting possession of the paper in this way, it was turned over to state's counsel, and they were permitted to introduce it in evidence, and in the concluding argument of state's dounsel the following argument was used as shown by bill of exception: "Senter gave the deed of trust to Mrs. Downing, and she was brought into court and made to dig it up." The court in qualifying the bill says the language as he understood it was: "We had a time getting possession of this deed of trust. They had it and would not give it up till the court got after them and made them dig it up." Objections were raised to all these proceedings, and they are presented to this court in a number of bills of exception. We have grouped them as they all relate to the same matter. AVhen the defendant was on the stand, he might have been questioned about this deed of trust, and, if he declined to produce it, the jury left to draw such inference as they might from the incident. Or the state's counsel could have sent to Titus county and secured a certified copy of the instrument and introduced that in evidence, but we do not think the law will permit the court to require the defendant, his attorney, or defendant's wife to produce testimony against the defendant that the state may introduce it. Our Code of Criminal Procedure provides: "Art. 775. The husband and wife may in all criminal actions be witnesses for each other, but they shall in no case testify against each other except in a criminal prosecution for a criminal offense committed by one against the other." Again, in article 774, it is declared: "Neither husband nor wife shall in any case testify as to communications made by one to the other while married," etc. And in article 773 it is provided: "An attorney at law shall not disclose a communication made to him by his client during the existence of that relationship nor disclose any other fact which came to the knowledge of such attorney by reason of such relationship." Mr. Senter, attorney for defendant, when placed on the witness stand by the state, objected to answering the questions propounded on the ground that all papers that had come into his possession and all facts that had come to his knowledge did so by reason of his relationship as attorney for defendant. Under threat of being fined for contempt, he was over objection required to answer the questions. When the wife was sent for by the court and placed on the stand, objections were made and exceptions reserved, but the court required her to answer the questions and deliver up the papers that they might be used as evidence against her husband. If there was no other error in the record, we would reverse this case because of this proceeding. The remarks of counsel above quoted were highly improper, whether we take the attorney's version or the version of the court.
7. Appellant also complains of the action of the district attorney in the following particulars in bill of exception: "While Oscar Calloway was on the stand as a witness for the state, and was being asked about his trip to Mt. Pleasant to investigate the validity of these two notes in controversy, he was asked by district attorney as to the result of his investigation of the value of the land, to which question defendant objected, whereupon said district attorney declared: 'We want to prove that the land was absolutely inadequate' (referring to the land described in the deed of trust executed by J. B. Miller to Neely and Stephens and about which all the evidence shows defendant herein had nothing to do). 'We want to prove that the whole thing was a swindle,' said the district attorney, which last remark by said district attorney was objected to by counsel for defendant as being prejudicial error, whereupon the court instructed the jury not to consider same, and instructed the district attorney not to make such remarks again. Again, while Oscar Calloway was on the witness stand for defendant, said district attorney asked, 'Who is J. B. Miller?' (said Miller not being a witness in this case, and there being no evidence that defendant, Downing, ever saw or heard of him till he bought these notes with his name on them). To which question witness answered: 'J. B. Miller, is the best definition I could possibly put to him, was hung in Oklahoma a while back.' To which remark and effort of district attorney to bring said Miller's personality to the front in this case defendant by his counsel excepted, and the court again instructed said district attorney not to ask such questions, and instructed the jury not to consider same. District attorney, while examining B. O. Fields, of Ft. Worth, witness for defendant, after having asked said witness if he knew J. B. Miller, and said witness having stated that he had one transaction with him, but no other, and that he became acquainted with him about a year before the matter now in controversy came up,_ said district attorney further asked: 'You knew his reputation in the state — ' To which question the witness answered: T did not.' And said district attorney, continuing: 'In Ft. Worth, for being a rascal?' To which question defendant by his attorney excepted as being continued effort on the part of said district attorney to impress the jury with the idea that this witness and all other witnesses of defendant were in league, by such question, without the shadow of an explanation, to secure evidence to prove his insinuations. Witness answering in the negative to this question, the court then suggested: 'Don't refer to that. I think it an improper examination.' Whereupon said district attorney declared in the presence of the jury: T think it will be a circumstance to show this testimony is untrue. Anybody that knew Miller would probably have questioned it.' To which remark the defendant by his counsel excepted, when said district attorney continued immediately: 'Well, it goes to the credibility of the witness.' To which last remark defendant again excepted, and reserved a bill of exception. It is to be understood that defendant, in each of the above instances where he excepted, reserved a bill of exceptions; all said bills being here presented together. District attorney next asked, 'How long were you deputy sheriff?' And, witness answering, 'Six or seven years,' said district attorney again asked: 'Did you know J. B. Miller then?' To which last question defendant by his attorney again excepted, because same was a persistent effort to discredit this witness by insinuating questions about a disreputable man, as shown by the evidence, whom this witness had already stated he had only one transaction with (having bought a note of him once, and after-wards meeting him in person, but having bought a note, no other dealings with, and knew nothing personally of, the man and his methods; said Miller not being a witness in the case, or a party to it, and practically unknown to all the witnesses except Frank Adams, who has sold him a livery stable for the notes in question). The court again instructed district attorney not to refer to the reputation of the man again. The district attorney, having asked witness Fields if he ever talked with said J. B. Miller about these notes, and said witness having answered that he never did, but stated that he had seen him probably five times in his life around Ft. Worth, asked said witness the last time he had seen him, and, witness having stated, 'About six months,' further asked, 'Do you expect to see him again?' and, witness answering he did not, said district attorney, continuing, 'Not in this world anyway.' To which last question the defendant by his attorney excepted, because same was prejudicial, uncalled for, and irrelevant. And the court again instructed the jury not to consider same. The district attorney, continuing, further asked: 'Didn't he (referring to Adams) call your attention to the fact that Miller was a notorious character' (witness already having just stated that if Adams made any inquiry about Miller, at this time now inquired about, he did not remember it); and the court again said, T told you not to do that, Mr. Bishop.' To all of the foregoing remarks of said counsel for the state the defendant then and there to each as made excepted and asked for a bill of exception, on the ground that same were unsupported by evidence, prejudicial, being made in the presence of the jury, and sidebar remarks tending to supply a want of evidence that defendant and Frank Adams, witness in the case, were mixed up with and connected with said J. B. Miller, and that they all together with witness Fields were in a conspiracy with said J. B. Miller, a notorious character, to defraud said Neely and Stephens."
Miller was not a witness in this case, and the conduct of the .state's counsel was highly prejudicial to defendant, and upon another trial he will not engage in such conduct, but confine his investigation and testimony to whether the defendant gave the testimony alleged in the civil case, and was it true or false. Whether or not Adams or Miller or both of them are gentlemen or scoundrels-could not and would not be admissible to show this defendant's guilt or innocence.
8. The court also erred in permitting the witness Dunn to testify relative to the terms of the trade of cancellation, and that the notes were to be canceled when they were delivered to Adams, as shown in bill of exception No. 18. Defendant was not present. He is not shown to have had any knowledge of these matters at the time of the purchase of the notes, and the testimony is inadmissible in this case for any purpose.
There are a number of other matters complained of, but, taking the disposition of those already decided herein, we do not think the errors will occur in another trial. The defendant is charged with perjury, and testimony tending to show whether he made the statement, and, if he made it, was it false, and facts showing the materiality of the statement ought to limit the bounds of the investigation.
The judgment is reversed,. and the cause is remanded.