Case Name: Cary Manufacturing Company, Appellant, v. The Merchants' Insurance Company, Respondent; Same, Appellant, v. British America Assurance Company, Respondent; Same, Appellant, v. The Western Assurance Company, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1899-06
Citations: 42 A.D. 201
Docket Number: 
Parties: Cary Manufacturing Company, Appellant, v. The Merchants’ Insurance Company, Respondent. Same, Appellant, v. British America Assurance Company, Respondent. Same, Appellant, v. The Western Assurance Company, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 42
Pages: 201–204

Head Matter:
Cary Manufacturing Company, Appellant, v. The Merchants’ Insurance Company, Respondent. Same, Appellant, v. British America Assurance Company, Respondent. Same, Appellant, v. The Western Assurance Company, Respondent.
JLction to reform an insurance policy—proof required — a/mendment of a complaint alleging a mutual mistake, by which fraud is sought to be set up, denied.
The plaintiff in an action for the reformation of a contract must establish by clear and convincing proof a mutual mistake of both parties to the contract, or a mistake on the part of one and fraud on the part of the other party, concerning a material provision of the contract.
Where the complaint in such an action bases the right to relief upon allegations of mutual mistake, the court may properly deny an application to amend the pleadings by alleging fraud on the part of the defendant.
Appeal by the Cary Manufacturing Company, the plaintiff in •each of the above-entitled actions, from judgments of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants in each of said actions, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 30th day •of November, 1898, and the 1st day of December, 1898, respectively, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term dismissing the complaint in each of said ■actions upon the merits.
James L. Bennett, for the appellant.
John Notman, for the respondents.

Opinion:
Patterson, J.:
Each of these actions was brought to reform a policy of fire insurance and indorsements thereon, and to recover for a loss sustained by the plaintiff, the assured, and which it claims would fall within the terms and conditions of the policy if, and when, reformed. The three actions involve the same subject of inquiry, and are presented substantially upon the same proof as against each underwriter. At the trial the complaints were dismissed, apparently, on the ground of the insufficiency of the plaintiff's proof. Upon the facts dis closed in the records no other disposition of the causes would have been justified. The court was called upon by the plaintiff to make an entirely new contract between the parties and to devolve upon the underwriters a liability not provided for nor contemplated in the written contracts of insurance delivered to, and accepted by, the plaintiff. It is elementary 'learning that in order to justify a decree for the reformation of a contract, it must appear by clear and convincing proof that there was a mutual mistake of the parties as to some material provision of that contract, or mistake of one party and fraud of the other. The complaints in these actions are upon allegations of mutual mistake. On the trial an effort was made by the plaintiff to have the pleadings amended so as to set up fraud of the defendants, but the court very properly denied the .application for an amendment. !
That there was no sufficient proof of mutual mistake of the parties, such as is alleged in the complaints in these actions, is very plain. The whole testimony tends to establish the fact that the plaintiff's brokers, through whom the insurance was effected, thoroughly understood that the policies were to apply to the assured property in precisely the form, and under the very terms and conditions, in which those policies and indorsements existed on the day the plaintiff's loss was sustained. ' '
A brief review of the facts will show the correctness of the ruling of the court below. In February, 1897, the plaintiff had a stock of goods and machinery in premises situate on Elm street, in the city of New York; at which place; their business was then conducted. These defendants and certain other underwriters- had issued to the plaintiff policies of insurance in the standard form, covering property on and in these premises. All the insurance had been procured for the plaintiff by a firm of insurance brokers employed by it, of which firm Mr. Hegeman was a member, and the policies were intrusted to those brokers. On or about the 4th of March, 1897, the plaintiff, intending to remove its place of business from Elm street to Roosevelt street, applied to the underwriters, through its same brokers, to have an indorsement made upon the policies of insurance so that such policies would cover the property insured in both places during the period of removal and in Roosevelt street after removal. The defendants' ¡ business was conducted in the city of New York by agents, and the policies and contracts of insurance were made on behalf of the defendants by and through such agents. The particular transaction, the subject of the present inquiry, was conducted on behalf of the plaintiff by Mr. Hegeman. On the 4th of March, 1897, Mr. Hegeman applied to the defendants' agents for an indorsement on the policies. He had prepared a form in the following words: " This policy is hereby transferred to cover in the brick & stone bldg. sit. 19-21 Roosevelt St., N. Y. City, and also to cover fro rata in both places (referring to Elm street) during removal. $ at months from 189 . We, the Undersigned, accept the above specified insurance for the amounts as mentioned below as per forms herewith, or to be delivered and make the same binding from the date as given, subject to the terms and conditions of the standard form of policy of the States of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, &c. (This binder to be void on delivery of policy.) "
Mr. Hegeman testifies that he presented to the defendants' agents the binder in the foregoing form for each of the three policies in suit. Thereupon he had a conversation with Mr. Van Buskirk, representing the defendants' agents, and told him that the assured desired to have that form of the binder indorsed on the policies, to which the reply was, "Well, all right, leave it; and simply sign the binder as a receipt for the delivery of the policies." There was no conversation about a time limit, although something might have been said about the change in the rate of premium. The binder was signed by Van Buskirk and handed to Hegeman. A few days thereafter the defendants' agents returned the policies to the plaintiff's brokers with an indorsement thereupon, dated March 4, 1897, in the exact words of the binder, except that after the words, " to cover fro rata in both places during removal," were added the words, " for a time not exceeding ten days from date," the indorsement on the policies thus differing from the binder in making a limitation of time instead of an indefinite period during which the removal clause should be in force, and the reformation of the contract asked for is to expunge the time limit. A loss occurred after the ten days' limit had expired.
Evidently the risk upon property in the Roosevelt street building was less hazardous than that upon such property in the Elm street premises^ and consequently a reduction of premium was allowed by the underwriters when; the indorsements on the policies were made. The policies with the indorsement as made upon them ivere returned to, and not only were they accepted by the plaintiff's brokers, but they seem to have come into the possession óf the president of the plaintiff. The amount of the reduction of premium was paid or credited by the underwriters to the plaintiff's brokers, and the completed transaction, therefore, at least so far as the underwriters are concerned, stood upon the acceptance by the plaintiff's authorized agents of. the indorsement as a contract superseding the binder and in the shape and form in which it was written upon the several policies. The time limit Ayas made in accordance with the invariable rule of the underwriter^, and it would appear from the evidence that the plaintiff acquiesced in the terms of insurance with the time limit, for, after the loss occurred, the plaintiff's president, in his proofs of loss furnished to other underwriters upon the same property, made no mention of the policies of these three defendants in the statement' of other or contributing insurance upon the property. .
Upon these leading facts , it cannot be held that there was a mutual mistake of the parties with respect to the time limit made in the indorsement on the policies, ¡and the justice at Special Term would not have been justified on the proofs in imposing upon' the defendants a liability not coming Within the terms of their contract of indemnity.
The judgments appealed from must be affirmed, with costs in each case.
Van Brunt, P. J., O'Brien, Iiígraham: and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.
Judgments affirmed, with costs.. ;