Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Carlos Tiran MCCRAY, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2008-05-12
Citations: 277 F. App'x 874
Docket Number: No. 07-14735
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Carlos Tiran MCCRAY, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 277
Pages: 874–875

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Carlos Tiran MCCRAY, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 07-14735
Non-Argument Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.
May 12, 2008.
Gwendolyn L. Spivey, Randolph P. Mur-rell, William Rourk Clark, Jr., Federal Defender Office, Tallahassee, FL, for Defendant-Appellant.
Before TJOFLAT, BLACK and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM:
Carlos Tiran McCray appeals his sentence of 188 months' imprisonment for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. McCray invites us to revisit our holding in United States v. Burge, 407 F.3d 1183, 1190-91 (11th Cir.2005), that juvenile adjudications provide sufficient safeguards to ensure the reliability required by Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), and thus under the Sixth Amendment are a permissible basis on which to classify a defendant as an armed career criminal and enhance his sentence accordingly. McCray asserts circuit courts are divided over whether Apprendi's exception for prior convictions extends to juvenile adjudications that were not tried by a jury.
We review de novo legal questions concerning the Constitution. United States v. Noel, 231 F.3d 833, 836 (11th Cir.2000). In Apprendi, 120 S.Ct. at 2362-63, the Supreme Court held "[ojther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt." Recognizing this exception, we have stated "[t]he government need not allege in its indictment and need not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant had prior convictions for a district court to use those convictions for purposes of enhancing a sentence." Burge, 407 F.3d at 1188 (quotations omitted). In Burge, we held prior juvenile adjudications fell within Apprendi's prior conviction exception. See Burge, 407 F.3d at 1191 ("At a minimum, however, Appren-di's prior conviction exception is based on the procedural safeguards that attach to a prior conviction or juvenile adjudication."). "[Ojnly the Supreme Court or this Court sitting en banc can judicially overrule a prior panel decision." United States v. Marte, 356 F.3d 1336, 1344 (11th Cir.2004).
As McCray concedes, Burge decides this issue. A prior juvenile adjudication that is not subject to a jury trial can be used as a basis for a sentence enhancement under the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). Thus, the district court did not err by categorizing McCray as an armed career criminal based on prior juvenile adjudications.
AFFIRMED.