Case Name: XING FENG DONG, Petitioner, v. Jefferson B. SESSIONS III, United States Attorney General, Respondent
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2017-09-08
Citations: 697 F. App'x 57
Docket Number: 16-2257
Parties: XING FENG DONG, Petitioner, v. Jefferson B. SESSIONS III, United States Attorney General, Respondent.
Judges: PRESENT: GUIDO CALABRESI, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 697
Pages: 57–60

Head Matter:
XING FENG DONG, Petitioner, v. Jefferson B. SESSIONS III, United States Attorney General, Respondent.
16-2257
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
September 8, 2017
. FOR PETITIONER: John Chang, New York, NY.
FOR RESPONDENT: Joyce R. Branda, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Mary Jane Candaux, Assistant Director, Matthew A. Connelly, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
PRESENT: GUIDO CALABRESI, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, SUSAN L. CARNEY, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
Petitioner Xing Feng Dong, a native and citizen of the People's Republic of China, seeks review of a June 23, 2016 decision of the BIA affirming a July 16, 2014 decision of an Immigration Judge ("IJ") denying Dong's application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"). In re Xing Feng Dong, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. June 23, 2016), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y.C. July 16, 2014). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.
Under the circumstances of this case, we review both the BIA's and IJ's decisions. See Yun-Zui Guan v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 391, 394 (2d Cir. 2005). The "substantial evidence" standard of review applies to the IJ's factual findings, and we review questions of law de novo. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4); Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir. 2009).
The agency may, "[c]onsidering the totality of the circumstances," base a credibility finding on an asylum applicant's "demeanor, candor, or responsiveness," the plausibility of his account, and inconsistencies in his statements and other record evidence "without regard to whether" those inconsistencies go "to the heart of the applicant's claim." 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162, 163-64 (2d Cir. 2008) (per curiam). "A petitioner must do more than offer a plausible explanation for his inconsistent statements to secure relief; he must demonstrate that a reasonable fact-finder would be compelled to credit his testimony." Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80 (2d Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
Substantial evidence supports the agency's determination here that Dong was not credible. The agency reasonably relied on inconsistencies between Dong's testimony and the testimony of his witness, Fang Lin. Dong testified that he was fired from his job as a barber in 2008 after his arrest and detention for practicing Falun Gong. Lin testified, however, that she had her hair cut by Dong in 2009, and saw him several times that year, at the same store where he cut her hair in 2007. Dong contends that the agency should not have relied on Lin's testimony because she was confused and very nervous, but the IJ determined that Lin was credible, and because he had the "unique advantage" of having heard directly from the witnesses on the stand, his credibility determinations are afforded "particular deference." Zhou Yun Zhang v. U.S. INS, 386 F.3d 66, 73 (2d Cir. 2004), overruled on other grounds by Shi Liang Lin v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 494 F.3d 296 (2d Cir. 2007). Accordingly, as the agency found, this inconsistency called into question both whether Dong lost his job and whether the event leading to his firing—his arrest for Falun Gong— actually occurred. See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 170 (2d Cir. 2007) (holding that "a single instance of false testimony may . infect the balance of the alien's uncorroborated or unauthenticated evidence").
The agency also reasonably relied in its adverse credibility finding on parts of Dong's testimony that were implausible and incoherent. For example, Dong testified that he did not know how many times the police had been to his parents' house looking for him since he left China, or whether his parents had told the police of his whereabouts, even though he testified that he talks with his parents on the phone and these matters should have been important to him, given his history with the police and concern for his parents' safety. The agency reasonably found that Dong's testimony on these points was vague and evasive. Zhou Yun Zhang, 386 F.3d at 73 (affording particular deference to the IJ because he is able to "assess[ ] testimony together with witness demeanor").
Dong also testified that he wanted his parents to tell the police that he was in the United States because that might make the police stop them visits. But when asked why he did not tell them to do so, he said that he did not want to harm his parents. The agency reasonably found that this testimony "borders on the incoherent." See id. at 74 (holding deference is due to findings based on "inconsistent statements" or "inherently improbable testimony").
The agency also relied on Dong's failure to corroborate his continuing practice of Falun Gong. "An applicant's failure to corroborate his or her testimony may bear on credibility, because the absence of corroboration in general makes an applicant unable to rehabilitate testimony that has already been called into question." Biao Yang v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 268, 273 (2d Cir. 2007) (per curiam). Dong testified that he resumed his practice of Falun Gong in the United States and that he sometimes practiced in a park with "many" other people. He testified that the best person to corroborate his practice of Falun Gong in the United States would be his wife, but in her affidavit, his wife declared that she herself was not a practitioner of Falun Gong. The agency therefore reasonably inferred that she would not be able to discern whether Dong's practice of Falun Gong was genuine. See Siewe, 480 F.3d at 168-69 (affording deference to the agency's inference so long as it is "tethered to the evidentiary record"); Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 341-42 (2d Cir. 2006) (noting that weight afforded to the applicant's evidence in immigration proceedings lies largely within agency discretion). Because Dong's testimony was not otherwise credible, the agency reasonably relied on his failure to present any witness from the park to corroborate his Falun Gong practice in rejecting his claim. Biao Yang, 496 F.3d at 273.
Dong contends that the inconsistencies and omissions relied on by the agency do not go to the heart of his claim. But the testimonial inconsistencies regarding Dong's loss of his job do go to the heart of his claim: they relate to a central alleged consequence of Dong's purported practice of Falun Gong in China. Moreover, the agency is allowed to rely on inconsistencies and omissions that "do not directly relate to the applicant's claim of persecution." Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 164.
Given the inconsistency findings and the lack of corroboration where one would expect to find it, substantial evidence supports the agency's adverse credibility determination. See id. at 165-66. The adverse credibility determination is dispositive of asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief because all three claims are based on the same factual predicate. See Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156-57 (2d Cir. 2006).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. As we have completed oui' review, any stay of removal that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED, and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).