Case Name: NORTHVILLE TOWNSHIP v. COYNE
Court: Michigan Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 1988-08-01
Citations: 170 Mich. App. 446
Docket Number: Docket No. 95470
Parties: NORTHVILLE TOWNSHIP v COYNE
Judges: Before: Holbrook, Jr., P.J., and Hood and N. J. Kaufman, JJ.
Reporter: Michigan appeals reports; cases decided in the Michigan Court of Appeals.
Volume: 170
Pages: 446–450

Head Matter:
NORTHVILLE TOWNSHIP v COYNE
Docket No. 95470.
Submitted January 21, 1988, at Detroit.
Decided August 1, 1988.
Northville Township brought an action in the Wayne Circuit Court against Patrick A. Coyne and the Pierson Memorial Trust to declare a barn situated on Pierson’s property to be a nuisance in fact for being in violation of the zoning ordinances or to have it razed as being in violation of the building permit ordinances. The court, John H. Gillis, Jr., J., granted summary disposition for plaintiff requiring the removal of the barn for being a nuisance per se because it was violative of applicable zoning and building ordinances. Pierson Memorial Trust appealed.
The Court of Appeals held:
The Right to Farm Act provides for circumstances under which a farm and its operation shall not be found to be a public or private nuisance and is a valid defense to a suit alleging that a farm building is a nuisance per se because it violates a zoning ordinance.
Reversed and remanded with instructions.
Zoning — Nuisance — Agriculture — Right to Farm Act.
The Right to Farm Act provides for circumstances under which a farm and its operation shall not be found to be a public or private nuisance and is a valid defense to a suit alleging that a farm building is a nuisance per se because it violates a zoning ordinance (MCL 268.471 et seq.; MSA 12.122[1] et seq.).
References
Am Jur 2d, Zoning and Planning § 146.
Construction and application of terms "agricultural,” "farm,” "farming,” or the like, in zoning regulations.
Kerr, Russell & Weber (by Robert R. Florka and Robert J. Pineau), for plaintiff.
James E. Conrad, for Pierson Memorial Trust.
Before: Holbrook, Jr., P.J., and Hood and N. J. Kaufman, JJ.
Former Court of Appeals judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.

Opinion:
N. J. Kaufman, J.
Pierson Memorial Trust appeals as of right from an order of the Wayne Circuit Court denying its motion for summary disposition, granting plaintiffs motion for summary disposition and requiring the removal of a barn erected on its property because the structure constitutes a nuisance per se, its construction being in violation of plaintiffs zoning and building ordinances. We reverse and remand.
Pierson owns a parcel of farmland situated in plaintiff township. The land had been used for the commercial production of agricultural products since at least the early 1970s. This use conforms with the plaintiffs zoning of the property.
In September, 1984, Patrick Coyne, who resides on and manages the farm for Pierson, erected a barn on the premises without first securing a building permit from the township. After construction had been completed, plaintiff notified Coyne that he needed to file applications for a building permit and for a zoning variance. Coyne's applications for same were denied by plaintiff on March 14, 1985.
Thereafter, plaintiff notified Coyne that, because he had failed to secure the requested permit, the barn would have to be razed by May 6, 1985. When Coyne refused to do so, plaintiff sought and obtained an order of demolition from the Wayne Circuit Court.
In support of the trial court's action, plaintiff argues that Pierson's barn is a nuisance per se because it was an "accessory" building which had been built without a permit and in the front yard of Pierson's property in violation of § 111.1 of the BOCA Basic National Building Code of 1984 (boca) and in violation of Township Zoning Ordinance 15.11. Pierson admits that the barn was built without a permit but argues that the barn was exempt from compliance with plaintiffs zoning and building ordinances under the Michigan Right to Farm Act, MCL 286.471 et seq.; MSA 12.122(1) et seq.
The Michigan Right to Farm Act was enacted by our Legislature in 1981 to provide for circumstances under which a farm and its operation shall not be found to be a public or private nuisance. In furtherance of this purpose, this act prohibits nuisance litigation against a farm or farm operation that conforms to generally accepted agricultural and management practices. MCL 286.473(1); MSA 12.122(3X1); Village of Peck v Hoist, 153 Mich App 787, 791; 396 NW2d 536 (1986). A farm is defined as the land, buildings and machinery used in the commercial production of farm products. MCL 286.472(1); MSA 12.122(2X1).
The primary rule of statutory interpretation is to ascertain and give effect to the legislative intent. Farrell v Auto Club of Michigan, 148 Mich App 165, 169; 383 NW2d 623 (1986). The language of the statute is the best source for ascertaining this intent. Great Lakes Steel Division of National Steel Corp v Public Service Comm, 143 Mich App 761; 373 NW2d 212 (1985), lv den 424 Mich 854 (1985). From the language chosen by the act's drafters, we ascertain that the Legislature was concerned with the regulation of land use and its impact upon farming operations. This concern was directed towards regulations imposed upon farms by local government sources as well as private sources. MCL 286.474; MSA 12.122(4). The Legislature undoubtedly realized that, as residential and commercial development expands outward from our state's urban centers and into our agricultural communities, farming operations are often threatened by local zoning ordinances and irate neighbors. It, therefore, enacted the Right to Farm Act to protect farmers from the threat of extinction caused by nuisance suits arising out of alleged violations of local zoning ordinances and other local land use regulations as well as from the threat of private nuisance suits.
In the instant case, Coyne erected a barn on Pierson's property. This barn serves as a storage site for farm machinery and implements, seeds, supplies and some produce. Its construction and use appears to conform to generally accepted agricultural and management practices. Accordingly, we conclude that Michigan's Right to Farm Act is a valid defense to plaintiffs nuisance suit that arises out of an alleged violation of its zoning ordinance 15.11. The trial court erred in concluding otherwise.
We need not reach the questions whether the Right to Farm Act constitutes a valid defense to a nuisance suit arising out of a violation of the township building code, whether a barn is a building or structure within the meaning of the boca, and whether the barn is located in Pierson's front or back yard. The trial court did not reach these material issues. Accordingly, because we conclude that the trial court committed error warranting reversal when it found that Pierson's barn was constructed in violation of defendant's zoning ordinance, we choose to remand the case for a resolution of these material issues raised in, but not resolved by, the trial court. Griffin v Michigan Civil Service Comm, 134 Mich App 413, 421; 351 NW2d 310 (1984), lv den 422 Mich 853 (1985).
On remand, should the trial court conclude that Pierson's barn was constructed in violation of the boca building permit requirement, we believe the appropriate remedy to be the imposition of a fine or imprisonment or both but not the demolition of the barn as a nuisance per se. The boca penalty section is preempted by the mandatory provision of the State Construction Code that provides penalties for permit violations. See MCL 125.1523(l)(b); MSA 5.2949(23)(l)(b), made mandatory by MCL 125.1508; MSA 5.2949(8). Under the State Construction Code, the violation of a building permit requirement is punishable by fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment of not more than ninety days or both.
Accordingly, we reverse and remand to the trial court for proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.