Case Name: JAMES I. MOORE, MINNIE B. MOORE, MATTIE MOORE TUTEN, WILLIAM THOMAS MOORE, CARNIE MOORE, SYLVESTER MOORE, THEODORE MOORE, DAVID MOORE and AUDREY MOORE v. T. C. WHITLEY; and W. H. BUTT v. JAMES I. MOORE, MINNIE B. MOORE, MATTIE MOORE TUTEN, WILLIAM THOMAS MOORE, CARNIE MOORE, SYLVESTER MOORE, THEODORE MOORE, DAVID MOORE and AUDREY MOORE
Court: Supreme Court of North Carolina
Jurisdiction: North Carolina
Decision Date: 1951-09-19
Citations: 234 N.C. 150
Docket Number: 
Parties: JAMES I. MOORE, MINNIE B. MOORE, MATTIE MOORE TUTEN, WILLIAM THOMAS MOORE, CARNIE MOORE, SYLVESTER MOORE, THEODORE MOORE, DAVID MOORE and AUDREY MOORE v. T. C. WHITLEY, and W. H. BUTT v. JAMES I. MOORE, MINNIE B. MOORE, MATTIE MOORE TUTEN, WILLIAM THOMAS MOORE, CARNIE MOORE, SYLVESTER MOORE, THEODORE MOORE, DAVID MOORE and AUDREY MOORE.
Judges: ValeNtiNe, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Reporter: North Carolina Reports
Volume: 234
Pages: 150–154

Head Matter:
JAMES I. MOORE, MINNIE B. MOORE, MATTIE MOORE TUTEN, WILLIAM THOMAS MOORE, CARNIE MOORE, SYLVESTER MOORE, THEODORE MOORE, DAVID MOORE and AUDREY MOORE v. T. C. WHITLEY, and W. H. BUTT v. JAMES I. MOORE, MINNIE B. MOORE, MATTIE MOORE TUTEN, WILLIAM THOMAS MOORE, CARNIE MOORE, SYLVESTER MOORE, THEODORE MOORE, DAVID MOORE and AUDREY MOORE.
(Filed 19 September, 1951.)
1. Reference § 14a—
Where a party objects to a compulsory reference and thereafter excepts to numerous findings of the referee, tenders an issue in respect to each, and demands a jury trial thereon, and excepts to various conclusions of law by the referee and tenders an issue arising upon the pleadings, such party has preserved the right to trial by jury. G.S. 1-189.
2. Reference § 14d—
The jury trial upon exceptions to the report of the referee upon the issues of fact arising on the pleadings is solely upon the written evidence taken before the referee, but the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the referee are incompetent as evidence before the jury.
3. Reference § 14e—
The trial court must pass upon exceptions to the admission of evidence by the referee before the question of the competency of such evidence upon the trial is presented for review.
4. Trespass to Try Title § 3—
The fact that the general description of the land as set out in the complaint states that it lies upon the “west side” of a certain creek does not justify demurrer in plaintiff’s action to establish title to land on the east side of said creek, since plaintiff may nevertheless claim land on the east side of the creek if it be covered in the specific description as set forth in the complaint.
5. Boundaries § 2—
The specific description in a deed controls the general description and it is only where the specific description is ambiguous or insufficient or reference is made to a fuller and more accurate description, that resort may be had to the general description.
6. Boundaries § 1—
While the location of boundaries is a question of fact for the jury, what are the boundaries is a question of law for the court, it being for the court to construe its terms as to what land the deed intended to cover, and to this end the court may correct an inadvertence when it plainly appears upon the deed itself.
Valentine, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Appeal by defendant Whitley in the first action, and by plaintiff W. BL Butt in the second, as above entitled, consolidated for trial, from Bur-gwyn, Special Judge, at June Special Term, 1951, of Beaufort.
These are two civil actions each for the recovery of land, and of damage for trespass thereon, consolidated for trial.
In the first case, Moore v. Whitley, instituted 8 January, 1946, plaintiffs allege in their complaint “that they are the owners in fee simple and in possession of the following described tract of land in Richland Township, Beaufort County, on the south side of Pamlico River and west side of Porter’s Creek, known as Noah Dixon land: Beginning at the mouth of the east prong of Deep Branch; running various courses of said east prong, to a pine on the south side of the main road; thence to a long leaf pine, the corner of Sam Lee and others; thence with said Sam Lee’s line to a pine standing at the foot of Porter’s Creek bridge; thence with various courses of Porter’s Creek to the Beginning, containing fifty (50) acres, more or less”; and that defendant Whitley has wrongfully and unlawfully entered upon said land and cut and converted to his own use valuable timber to plaintiffs’ damage in specified amount.
Defendant Whitley, answering the above allegations in the Moore complaint, alleges that he is the owner and in possession as tenant in common of an undivided interest in and to a certain tract of land, on the east side of and contiguous to Porter’s Creek, specifically described; and denies plaintiffs’ title to so much, if any, of the land described in the complaint as laps thereon; and further denies any trespass upon any land belonging to plaintiffs.
In the second, Butt v. Moore, et dl., instituted 18 February, 1946, plaintiff Butt alleges in his complaint, that he is the owner of a certain 518 acre tract of land, specifically described, and that the Moores, defendants therein, are trespassing thereon, and cutting and removing timber to his damage in specified amount.
The Moores, defendants in this second action, deny the plaintiff Butt’s title in so far and to the extent only that the description set out in Butt’s complaint may conflict with, cross or lap upon the lands of the defendants Moore, of same description as that set out in their complaint in the first action, to which they assert ownership and possession, and, hence, they deny trespass on any lands owned by Butt.
At September Term, 1950, upon motion of attorney for Whitley, defendant in first action, and for Butt, plaintiff in the second, the presiding judge entered an order consolidating the two actions for trial, and, finding that the actions involve complicated questions of boundary which required “a personal view of the premises,” referred same to a referee therein named and appointed, and directed him to hear the evidence, examine tbe premises, and submit report of bis findings of fact and conclusions of law separately.
To tbis order of reference tbe Moores, plaintiffs in tbe first action, and defendants in tbe second, excepted and demanded a jury trial.
Tbe case on appeal states that plaintiffs, tbe Moores, contend that tbe land described in tbeir complaint in tbe first action, and in tbeir answer in tbe second action, actually lies on tbe “east” side of Porter’s Creek, instead of tbe “west” side thereof. But tbe referee, reporting to tbe court, sets forth, among others, findings of fact that tbe land so claimed by tbe Moores is located on tbe west side of Porter’s Creek; that defendant Whitley has not trespassed thereon; that defendant Whitley and bis co-tenants are tbe owners in fee and in possession of tbe land described in bis answer; and that Butt is tbe owner in fee and in possession of tbe land described in bis complaint. And thereupon and in accordance therewith rendered conclusions of law.
Tbe Moores, styling themselves as plaintiffs, filed exceptions to numerous findings of fact set forth in tbe report of tbe referee, and tendered an issue in respect to each, and demanded a jury trial thereon. They also except to various of the conclusions of law made by tbe referee. They also tendered tbe issue, “Are plaintiffs tbe owners of tbe land described in tbe complaint and in tbe deed from Caroline P. Bonner to S. J. Moore and tbe prior deeds connecting tbe title with Noah Dixon?”, and state that tbis issue arises on tbe pleadings and is proper and necessary, although no specific finding is directed to that particular question.
Tbe Moores further excepted to various parts of tbe evidence, admitted by tbe referee, over tbeir objections, all of which they asked to be examined before reading of tbe evidence to tbe jury.
Thereupon, defendant Whitley in tbe first action, and plaintiff Butt in tbe second action, by petition, asked that tbe exceptions so filed by tbe Moores be stricken out and tbe report of tbe referee confirmed, for that such exceptions and tender of issues are not in compliance with tbe laws of North Carolina as in such cases made and provided for preservation of right to a jury trial.
Tbe court overruled tbe motion and held as a matter of law that tbe exceptions are sufficient, and that tbe Moores, plaintiffs, are entitled to a jury trial and accordingly tbe cause was set for trial on tbe exceptions and issues tendered.
Whitley and Butt excepted and appeal to tbe Supreme Court, and assign error.
John A. Willcinson and IS. 8. Ward for plaintiffs, appellees.
Grimes & Grimes for Whitley and Butt, appellants.

Opinion:
WiNborNe, J.
The sole assignment of error presented for consideration on this appeal challenges the ruling of the court below in bolding that the Moores, plaintiffs, are entitled to a jury trial. Testing their exceptions to the referee's report, and their tender of issues, particularly the issue of title arising on the pleadings, by rules of procedure for preserving right to jury trial in a compulsory reference case, as enunciated in decisions of this Court, it appears that they meet the requirement sufficiently to withstand successful attack. See Booker v. Highlands, 198 N.C. 282, 151 S.E. 635; Brown v. Clement Co., 217 N.C. 47, 6 S.E. 2d 842. See also Cherry v. Andrews, 229 N.C. 333, 49 S.E. 2d 641.
A compulsory reference, under provisions of Gf.S. 1-189, does not deprive either party of his constitutional right to a trial by jury of the issues of fact arising on the pleadings, but such trial is only upon the written evidence taken before the referee. And the decisions of this Court hold that the report of the referee, consisting of his findings of fact and conclusions of law, are incompetent as evidence before the jury. Bradshaw v. Lumber Co., 172 N.C. 219, 90 S.E. 146; Booker v. Highlands, supra; Cherry v. Andrews, supra.
Hence, the Moores having properly excepted to the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the referee and tendered the issue of title raised by the pleadings, the ruling of the court below is proper.
And it is noted that since the exceptions filed by the Moores to various portions of the evidence have not been passed upon by the trial court, the questions as to the competency thereof is not now presented to this Court.
Moreover, the appellants, Whitley and Butt, demur ore tenus in this Court to the complaint of the plaintiffs Moore, in the first action, on the ground that "the complaint does not state a cause of action for the ownership of any land on the east side of Porter's Creek." They contend that the description set out in the complaint expressly locates the land on the "west" side of Porter's Creek. On the contrary, the Moores contend that the specific description in their complaint locates the land on the "east" side of Porter's Creek, and that the specific description controls the general description.
In this connection, the rule is that ivhere there is a particular and a general description in a deed, the particular description prevails over the general. See Whiteheart v. Grubbs, 232 N.C. 236, 60 S.E. 2d 101, and cases there cited. It is only when the specific description is ambiguous or insufficient, or the reference is to a fuller and more accurate description, that the general clause is allowed to control or is given significance in determining the boundaries — also see Whiteheart v. Grubbs, supra, and eases there cited.
Furthermore, what are the boundaries of a deed is a question of law for the court, where they are, is a question of fact for the jury. Scull v. Pruden, 92 N.C. 168; Davidson v. Shuler, 119 N.C. 582, 26 S.E. 340; Rowe v. Lumber Co., 128 N.C. 301, 38 S.E. 896; Gudger v. White, 141 N.C. 507, 54 S.E. 386; Sherrod v. Battle, 154 N.C. 345, 70 S.E. 834; Rose v. Franklin, 216 N.C. 289, 4 S.E. 2d 876; Huffman v. Pearson, 222 N.C. 193, 22 S.E. 2d 440; Kelly v. King, 225 N.C. 709, 36 S.E. 2d 220; Lee v. McDonald, 230 N.C. 517, 53 S.E. 2d 845.
In Reed v. Shenck, 14 N.C. 65, in concurring opinion by Ruffin, J., it is declared "a deed is construed by tbe court, not by the jury. What land by its terms it was intended to cover is just as much a matter of law as what estate it conveys." See Brown v. Hodges, 232 N.C. 537, 61 S.E. 2d 603.
Also, the principle is established by an unbroken line of decisions of this Court that "mistake or apparent inconsistency in the description shall not be permitted to disappoint the intent of the parties if the intent appear in the deed." Mitchell v. Heckstall, 194 N.C. 269, 139 S.E. 438. See also Ritter v. Barrett, 20 N.C. 266; Cooper v. White, 46 N.C. 389; Mizell v. Simmons, 79 N.C. 182; Davidson v. Shuler, supra; Wiseman v. Green, 127 N.C. 288, 37 S.E. 272; Ipock v. Gaskins, 161 N.C. 673, 77 S.E. 843; Williams v. Williams, 175 N.C. 160, 95 S.E. 157; Seawell v. Hall, 185 N.C. 80, 116 S.E. 189.
In Wiseman v. Green, supra, it is said that "it seems to be well settled that the court has the right to construe a deed, and, in proper cases, to correct an inadvertence — a £slip of the pen' — when it plainly appears from the deed itself."
In the light of these principles it is clear that the demurrer ore tenus to the complaint should be, and it is hereby overruled. And the judgment from which appeal is taken is
Affirmed.
ValeNtiNe, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.