Case Name: In re Theodore Eskild and George E. Houghton
Court: United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1968-01-04
Citations: 55 C.C.P.A. 807
Docket Number: No. 7856
Parties: In re Theodore Eskild and George E. Houghton
Judges: Before Worley, Chief Judge, and Judges Rich, Smith, Almond, Kirkpatrick
Reporter: Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Reports
Volume: 55
Pages: 807–811

Head Matter:
387 F. 2d 987; 156 USPQ 208
In re Theodore Eskild and George E. Houghton
(No. 7856)
United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals,
January 4, 1968
Robert Henderson (Francis J. Pisarra, Robert I. Dennison, of counsel) for appellants.
Joseph Sohinvmel (Joseph F. Nakamura, of counsel) for the Commissioner of Patents.
[Oral argument December 4,1967 by Mr. Henderson and Mr. Nakamura]
Before Worley, Chief Judge, and Judges Rich, Smith, Almond, Kirkpatrick
Senior District Judge, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.

Opinion:
Almond, Judge,
delivered the opinion of the court:
This is an appeal from the decision of the Patent Office Board of Appeals affirming the rejection of all of the claims in appellants' application entitled "Fabric Based Packing-Ring Blank."
The invention relates to a blank suitable for forming a packing ring such as is used in machinery to provide a seal between a rod or shaft and a machine housing opening through which the rod or shaft extends. The packing rings have a generally U-shaped cross-section which forms two upstanding lips, the inner of which seals against the rod or shaft and the outer of which seals against the housing.
Appellant's ring blank is formed by first winding a single relatively long strip of impregnant-filled fabric to form a multi-layer cylindrical ring. One edge of the ring is circumferentially folded, bent or rolled inwardly until it comes into radical alignment with the opposite edge, thus forming a ring of U-shaped cross-section. This is the blank which appellants claim.
Claim 1 is illustrative:
1. A circumferentially continuous, U-shaped packing-ring blank having the recess in the U facing axially of the blank and comprising:
a circumferentially spiral winding of impregnant-filled, fabric, strip material;
said winding including plural intimately associated turns of said strip material constituting plies of the latter, each of the turns being continuous relatively to an adjacent turn and
each of said plies, as viewed in radial section of the blank, extending across the bottom of the U and into opposite flanges thereof.
Seven of the eight claims in the application were rejected under 35 USC 102 on the Poltorak patent 2,533,742. The remaining claim, which recites the ends of the strip material being substantially in radial alignment to equalize the number of plies of material in the blank, was rejected under 35 USC 103 on the same reference.
The Poltorak patent also relates to ring packings for "a rod, shaft, plunger, cylinder or other moving part." Such packings "are conventionally of generally U or V cross-section to include an upstanding lip or lips for sealing engagement with the moving part." The portions of the Poltorak patent relied on by the examiner are those in which the patentee discusses the art prior to his invention. The patent discloses that:
In the manufacture of the conventional packings, a strip of the cloth carrying the rubber compound as an impregnant, or partial irupregnant, is formed into a multi-ply ring by wrapping a plurality, say, 2 or 3 convolutions of the strip on a mandrel, or the like. The rings made in any of the ways described above are preferably pre-folded to an approximately V cross-section and are then placed in molds of the finished shape of the rings and subjected to heat and pressure.
From another portion of the patent, it would appear that the V is first formed with its opening radially outward, and then is rotated to bring the opening into an axial position:
As will be appreciated, in inserting the preform in the mold, it is necessary to distort it sufficiently to rotate the V from a substantially horizontal to a vertical position. This same condition is present in the manufacture of the conventional rings ⅜.
The examiner felt that "The axially facing, 'conventional' V cross-section performed ring, described by Poltorak, is the claimed packing ring blank." In other words, the examiner held that the conventional preform described by Poltorak in the condition immediately before the mold is closed is a blank, and is indistinguishable from appellants' claimed invention. The Board of Appeals agreed, as do we.
Appellants argue that the Poltorak article cannot be called a "blank" after distortion because it is not a self-supporting structure, as the term "blank" connotes, but must rely on the walls of the mold to hold it in its "distorted" or axial position. However, Poltorak does not state that he contemplates a limp blank, nor does he teach the necessity of support to maintain the blank in an axial position. On the contrary, since the patentee and appellants disclose the same materials and the same construction of their ring, it would appear that the blanks formed by both would be equally self supporting. Even if the Poltorak blank is not self-supporting, however, it is clear that the Poltorak blank after placement in the mold is the identical structure defined by appellants' claims. The rejection of the claims under 35 USO 102 is therefore proper.
As to the rejection of one claim under 35 USC 103, the examiner held that providing radially aligned ends of the wound strip of Poltorak would be obvious because "It is common practice in the seal art to make packing rings of uniform thickness and strength and of constant inner and outer diameter." The examiner cited no art to illustrate this "common practice," but since appellants have raised no challenge to this statement, we accept it as being factual, and agree with the examiner's holding of obviousness.
We have considered appellants' arguments and citations concerning the requirements of a reference for anticipatory purposes, but we are not persuaded of any error on the part of the Patent Office. Likewise, we are unmoved by appellants' argument that failure of ah examiner to cite a particular reference in his first Office action demands a conclusion that the reference is not pertinent.
The decision of the Board of Appeals is therefore affirmed.
KikkpatRIOk, J., concurs in the result.
Serial No. 297,554, filed July 25,1963.
The term "U-shaped" is used in appellants' specification and herein to encompass "V-shaped."
The blank is formed into a finished packing ring by subjecting it to heat and pressure In a mold having the desired final shape, but this processing step forms no part of the claimed invention.
In view of the patent drawings and the previously quoted reference to "upstanding lips," it seems clear that Poltorak uses "horizontal" to mean a radial opening of the mouth of the V, and "vertical" to mean an axial opening.