Case Name: Smith's Administrator versus Nevin's Executors
Court: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania
Decision Date: 1858
Citations: 31 Pa. 238
Docket Number: 
Parties: Smith’s Administrator versus Nevin’s Executors.
Judges: 
Reporter: Pennsylvania State Reports
Volume: 31
Pages: 238–240

Head Matter:
Smith’s Administrator versus Nevin’s Executors.
In 1823, A. purchased land from the heirs of B., and gave a mortgage to secure the interest on the widow’s third during her life, and the payment of the principal at her death; A. obtained a judgment in 1823 against two of the heirs, for a larger amount than their interest in the mortgage, which was revived in 1828; the widow died in October 1837; and in May 1857, suit was brought on the mortgage for the interest of one of the defendants in A.’s judgment: Held, that the jury were justified in finding, as a presumption of fact, that A.’s judgment had been applied in extinguishment of the claim of the other party under the mortgage.
Error to the Common Pleas of Franklin county.
This was a scire facias, by J. Wyeth Douglass, administrator of Samuel Smith, deceased, against William Rankin, Samuel W. Nevin, and William W. Nevin, executors of David Nevin, deceased, with notice to William Clark, terre tenant, upon a mortgage, dated the 25th March 1823, given by David Nevin, deceased, to Elizabeth Greer, widow of Thomas Greer, deceased, and Thomas Culvertson, Samuel Smith, Robert Strain, Thomas Greer, Michael Greer, Jr., Jane Greer, and Eliza Greer, the heirs at law of the said Thomas Greer, deceased, conditioned for the payment of the interest on $2346.41 to the widow, during her natural life, and the principal sum, at her death, to the heirs.
The widow died on the 12th October 1837; and this suit was brought on the 9th May 1857, to recover the share of Samuel Smith, deceased, due on the said mortgage, viz., $293.30, with interest from the widow’s death.
The defendants, among other things, pleaded that Samuel Smith in his lifetime, was indebted to David Nevin, in the amount of a judgment recovered in the same court to April Term 1823, by John Best, for the use of the said David Nevin, against the said Samuel Smith and Thomas Greer, two of the heirs, for $589.48, with interest from the 7th April 1823; which judgment was revived to August Term 1828, against Thomas Greer and the administrator of Samuel Smith, then deceased, for $608.32.
On the trial of the cause, the defendant’s counsel offered the record of this judgment in evidence, which was admitted by the court, notwithstanding an objection by the plaintiff’s counsel, and a bill of exceptions was sealed.
The defendants contended that, under the circumstances of the case, a fair presumption arose that the parties in interest had agreed, that the claims should extinguish each other, and therefore the judgment was abandoned; and tbe learned judge (Kimmbll, P. J.) charged the jury that, if they should believe that the judgment was, by some arrangement of the parties in interest, set off against the claim of the plaintiff, and that it was, therefore, treated as cancelled and abandoned, then the defendants were entitled to a verdict.
To this charge, the plaintiff excepted; and a verdict and judgment having been rendered for the defendants, the plaintiff removed the cause to this court, and here assigned for error — the admission of the record of the judgment in evidence; and the charge of the court below.
J. M. Sharpe, for the plaintiff in error.
Will, for the defendants in error.

Opinion:
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Lowrie, C. J.
When Nevin bought this land, in 1823, from the heirs of Greer, he gave a mortgage to secure the interest on the widow's third during her life, and the payment of the principal at her death. Afterwards Nevin sold the land to Clarke,, and now, in this action on the mortgage, Nevin's executors come in to defend Clarke's title. As their right to do so is not disputed, we presume that Nevin warranted in some form against the mortgage, though the conveyance is not shown to us. They have set forth their defence in their pleas, and issue is joined upon them, and of course the evidence to sustain them could not be rejected.
The defence is, that Smith and Thomas Greer, each entitled to a share in the mortgage debt on the widow's death, were indebted to Nevin in a larger amount than he would owe them, and that he obtained judgment therefor a few months after the date of the mortgage; and this judgment was revived in 1828 against Greer and the administrator of Smith. The pleas propose to use this judgment as a set-off, and also, with the lapse of time and circumstances, as evidence of payment. We shall notice it only as evidence of payment. The other judgment pleaded and given in evidence is of no importance.
The widow died in October 1837, and this suit was brought in May 1857, less than twenty years after the principal of the mortgage fell due, and hence arises the difficulty. It is quite plain that in 1828, and down to the widow's death, Smith or his estate was indebted to Nevin more than Nevin owed him, and that, at neither of those dates, could he have recovered anything on his mortgage; and that it would be gross injustice to allow him a recovery now, founded on the mere fact that his right of action is less, and Nevin's more, than twenty years old; unless, when recovered, Nevin's executor might claim it as a creditor, and this would be an unwisely circuitous remedy. The difficulty is in admitting Nevin's defence now, in such a way as not to interfere with the forms of proceeding, and endanger, by an improper precedent, the justice of cases that may hereafter arise.
But we. think that the difficulty is not insuperable. Looking for what facts, connected with the lapse of time, the jury might consider as showing that Smith's claim was regarded, and ought to have been regarded, as paid by his larger debt to Nevin, the case stands thus. When the mortgage fell due, and for fourteen years before, Smith's estate was largely indebted to Nevin beyond the mortgage debt, and for twenty years afterwards, no suit was brought on the mortgage. In the mean time, all the other six mortgagees were paid, as must be presumed, for this suit is for Smith's share alone.
Why was the suit not brought sooner, and why wás Nevin's 'judgment not revived? The natural answer is, because Smith's estate was insolvent and had no just claim against Nevin, and his share of the mortgage was regarded as paid. If suit had been brought even as late as 1848, it would have been fully met by Nevin's judgment without any presumption against it. There is abundant evidence that Smith died insolvent, and therefore Nevin could make nothing by reviving his judgment, and it could avail only as a precaution against the mortgage and as a means of discharging it; he could get nothing more by it. It was natural then, that the real owners of the two claims should treat them both as paying or cancelling each other; for they ought so to have treated them, and it was not wrong in the jury to find that they did so treat them.
True, Smith and his first administrator were dead when the mortgage fell due, and the present administrator was not appointed till 1857; but this does not affect the presumptions of fact growing out of the evidence; for those interested in his estate may be presumed to have suffered all this delay, because they knew that, in justice, the debt ought to be regarded as paid. Besides, if Smith's estate is to be excused, because it had no representative ' to bring suit, then Nevin's delay is also excused because there was no one that could he sued.
We do not discover any error in the trial that did any injury to the plaintiff.
Judgment affirmed.