Case Name: ROBERT HOE ESTATE CO., Inc., v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1936-07-06
Citations: 85 F.2d 4
Docket Number: No. 301
Parties: ROBERT HOE ESTATE CO., Inc., v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE.
Judges: 
Reporter: Federal Reporter 2d Series
Volume: 85
Pages: 4–5

Head Matter:
ROBERT HOE ESTATE CO., Inc., v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE.
No. 301.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
July 6, 1936.
Lester S. Holmes, of New York City, for appellant.
Robert H. Jackson, Asst. Atty. Gen., Sewall Key and Morton K. Rothschild, Sp. Assts. to the Atty. Gen., for appellee.
Before L. HAND, AUGUSTUS N. HAND, and CHASE, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
The question on this appeal is whether annual profits received from certain real estate are to be charged against the taxpayer as income. Robert Hoe died seised of realty, and leaving a will which made no provision for his wife's dower. His devisees, wishing to manage the property jointly, formed a company, the taxpayer, to which they conveyed their interests; and, since they had to bar their mother in order to make a good title, they caused the company to*agree with her, in consideration of the release of her dower consummate, to pay her "annually for and during the period of her natural life, an amount .*. * .* equal to one-third share * .*. .* of the net annual income received annually. by the corporation from the several plots as long as the corporation shall continue to remain the owner." If any plot was sold, the company promised to pay "a gross sum in lieu of her dower to be estimated according to the then value of an annuity" at 5 per cent, reckoned by annuity tables. The taxpayer's theory is that this agreement .diverts one-third of the profits as they are received from the land directly to the widow; more strictly than she retained an interest in the land, whose profits therefore become her income as they accrue. The Commissioner ruled that the income was the taxpayer's, and that the payments could not be taken as deductions, but might be used only as part of the "basis" in the calculation of gain or loss, when the land was sold.
Perhaps an agreement between the devisees and the widow, which preceded that of the company, may have been in effect an admeasurement of her dower, as the taxpayer argues, but, if so, it is irrelevant, unless from this it followed that she retained some interest in the lands. That she certainly did not do; the promise was not to pay her one-third of the profits in kind, to say nothing of giving her any right in the land itself; it was general and created a general obligation; had the company lost the money, even after the utmost diligence to keep it, it would still have been liable; payment and payment alone would be a discharge. The profits therefore belong to the taxpayer, though they measure its performance to the last cent; for good or ill the parties meant the widow to part with all interest in the land and its usufruct; she was to be content with the promise alone.
Helvering v. Butterworth, 290 U.S. 365, 54 S.Ct. 221, 78 L.Ed. 365, does not touch this situation at all. It did hold that a widow who accepted a provision in.the will in lieu of dower was not a purchaser, but a beneficiary of the estate. No doubt a testator making such a will means that the release of her dower shall be in exchange for whatever he gives his wife, but he by no means intends that it shall be merely a quid pro quo, for the bequest or devise may have no relation whatever to the value of the dower. Warner v. Commissioner, 66 F.(2d) 403, 406 (C.C.A. 2). The relation of the company to the widow in this case was not that; it was an exchange and only an exchange, as is shown by the exact corre spondence of the considerations. Indeed, that is the strength of the argument, so far as it has any, that the transaction was not intended to create only an obligation but was 'a reservation to the widow of some jus in re. Besides, by no stretch can she be treated as the beneficiary of an estate, whether there was a sale or not.
Order affirmed.