Case Name: Benjamin Killinger, Respondent, v. Maynard N. Clement, as State Commissioner of Excise of the State of New York, and Arthur C. Hastings, as County Treasurer of Niagara County, New York, Appellants, Impleaded with Edward J. Lapham, as Town Clerk of the Town of Newfane, Niagara County, New York, and Others, Defendants
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1909-03-03
Citations: 131 A.D. 461
Docket Number: 
Parties: Benjamin Killinger, Respondent, v. Maynard N. Clement, as State Commissioner of Excise of the State of New York, and Arthur C. Hastings, as County Treasurer of Niagara County, New York, Appellants, Impleaded with Edward J. Lapham, as Town Clerk of the Town of Newfane, Niagara County, New York, and Others, Defendants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 131
Pages: 461–465

Head Matter:
Benjamin Killinger, Respondent, v. Maynard N. Clement, as State Commissioner of Excise of the State of New York, and Arthur C. Hastings, as County Treasurer of Niagara County, New York, Appellants, Impleaded with Edward J. Lapham, as Town Clerk of the Town of Newfane, Niagara County, New York, and Others, Defendants.
Fourth Department,
March 3, 1909.
Intoxicating liquors^local option— special statute construed.
By chapter 458 of the Laws of 1903, providing that the electors of the town of Newfane might vote upon the question of local option in a particular hamlet within the boundaries of the town, and that, such vote should not affect the issuance of liquor tax certificates in other portions of the town not included in the hamlet, and that such vote should remain in full force until the second regular submission' of such questions to the electors of' the town, traffic in liquors in said hamlet in other respects to be subject to all the provisions of the Liquor Tax Law, the Legislature intended by specialact to permit, a temporary deviation from the General Liquor Tax Law in that hamlet, and did not contemplate a permanent separation of the hamlet from the town on questions of local license.
Hence, although a vote held pursuant to such act authorized the sale of liquors in the hamlet, the right - of a hotelkeeper to a. license came to-an end- when at the second regular submission of the question of local option the town voted for no license, as such vote determined the liquor question for the entire town, the effect of the special statute being merely temporary.
Under the Liquor Tax Law a town is a unit even though it may contain one or more incorporated villages.
Appeal by the defendants, Maynard 1ST. Clement, as State- Commissioner, etc., and another, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the. clerk of the county of Niagara on the 2d day of July, 1908^ upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the Niagara Special Term.
Daniel A. Reed and Russel Headley, for the appellants.
Augustus Thibaudeau and John H. Leggett, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Spring, J.:
The plaintiff is a resident and proprietor of a hotel in the unincorporated village of Olcott in the town of Newfane, Niagara county: He has commenced this action in equity.to compel the issuance to him of a liquor tax certificate in order that he may continue the traffic of liquors in said hotel.
An act was passed by the State Legislature (Laws of 1903, chap. 458) which, as its title reads, was " to authorize the electors of the town of Newfane, Niagara county, to vote upon the local option questions specified in section sixteen of the Liquor Tax Law as restricted to the limits of the hamlet commonly known as Olcott situate in said town." By its provisions the State Commissioner of Excise was directed " to establish a limit or boundary line " around said hamlet of Olcott "in the manner provided in subdivision seven of section eleven of the Liquor Tax Law." The act further provided for the submission at a special town meeting of the local option questions " to the qualified electors of the town of Newfane " for the purpose of determining whether the traffic in liquors should be carried on in said hamlet. The calling of the said town meeting, the giving of the notice and the effect of the vote are prescribed in the act. It then proceeds: "Such voté shall take effect immediately, but shall neither authorize nor preclude the issuance of liquor tax certificates for -the traffic in liquors in said town of Newfane not included within the limits of said hamlet, but shall remain in full force and effect, without regard to the result of the vote upon the local option questions submitted at the next biennial town meeting in -said town, and until the second regular submission of such questions to the electors of said town shall be had and the result thereof take effect. The traffic in liquors in said hamlet, except as prescribed in this act, is subject to all the provisions of the Liquor Tax Law."
The act took effect immediately, the boundaries were defined, the special meeting was had within thirty days, resulting in favor of the traffic of liquor in Olcott, and later a liquor tax certificate was issued to the plaintiff. The "next biennial town meeting in said town " at which the local option questions were submitted to the electors was held in November, 1905, and "the second regular submission " of such questions was had in November, 1907, and the vote.was in the negative and the result became effective on Hay first following.
It is the claim of the plaintiff -that when the boundaries of Olcott became established, there was a permanent separation from the rest of the town in that the vote on the liquor tax questions must be submitted to the electors specifically for that hamlet, the same as on the special election directed by the act. The appellants contend that the negative vote at the biennial election in 1907 included the hamlet of Olcott with the balance of the town.
The special act must be construed in harmony with the Liquor Tax Law (Laws of 1896, chap. 112, as many times amended). By that act the town is the unit, even though it may contain one or more incorporated villages. In order to obtain the correct enumeration of the inhabitants of ail incorporated village, if not shown by the State or Federal census, the State Commissioner of Excise may cause such enumeration to be taken. Likewise, he may cause such enumeration to be taken " of the inhabitants of any hamlet or unincorporated village after first having established " its boundaries, and when established "such limit or boundary line shall not be changed" for five years, except as therein prescribed. (Liquor Tax Law, § 11, subd. 7, as amd. by Laws of 1903, chap. 115.) The object of this enumeration is to enable the Commissioner to fix the rate for the certificate permitting the holder to engage in the liquor traffic. The electors of the town still determine whether liquor shall be sold, and the vote determines the liquor questions alike for the entire town. The liquor traffic is not permitted in one village and excluded from another in the same town.
In the present act the submission of the questions at the special town meeting conforming to the general law was to the electors of the town, but departed from that law. in .that-the result was. confined to Olcott. There are apparent reasons for this course. Olcott is a ' summer resort, extensively patronized, and the act became operative -early, in-May, and the people of .Olcott wished to reap the benefit during the ensuing summer season if the vote should be favorable . to the liquor traffic. The Liquor Tax Law requires a petition signed by ten per centum of the electors of the town, as. shown by the votes cast ¡at the next preceding general election, to he filed with the town clerk not less than twenty days before the town meeting requesting the-submission of the questions to the electors. That requirement was explicitly waived in the act. The object of the - act" was to obtain a speedy submission to the electors of the town, ' and then the vote was to affect only this hamlet. There is no provision in the act for any other election, except in accordance with the plan of the Liquor Tax Law. Limitation is explicitly put upon the effect of the first vote. It " shall remain in full force and effect until ;the second regular submission of such questions to the electors of said town shall he had and the result thereof take effect." There is nothing in the-act requiring that submission to be especially for the hamlet of Olcott. On the other hand, it is the "regular submission" in pursuance of the Liquor Tax Law. In -other words,.the.Legislature by this special act permitted a temporary deviation from the general law. The vote at the special election was to be operative until the electors of the town voted on the- subject at its second regular submission. That, might be several years. In any event, the second biennial election could not be had -earlier.1 than November, 1905, and" that vote would become effective in May following, There does not seem to have been any submission of these questions at the biennial election in November, 1903. There was, however, in 1905, and the-second regular submission was in 1907. If the requisite petition of the electors requesting the submission had not been filed the plaintiff would1 have been secure in: the traffic for another two years at least.
It does not seem reasonable that the Legislature intended this separation of Olcott from the balance of the town to be permanent. We would- expect to .find so radical departure- from the- general law distinctly expressed in the special act. "So'far as appears,;it was intended for a definite period, if the electors óf the town so determined. There is no plan outlined for the submission of .these questions specially for Olcott at future: town meetings, and no provision for petition or notice, although if the scheme of the general law is. to be adopted there should be a separate petition and a separate notice relating to Olcott. There is no provision that the features of that law pertaining to these preliminaries are to be adopted so far as pertinent. On the other hand, the effect of the first vote is distinctly limited "until the second regular submission" to the electors. That submission pertains to the vote which is to affect the whole town. The " regular submission " is not in pursuance of the special act and would not enable Olcott to be set apart from .other hamlets or parts of the town, and yet when that submission becomes operative it ends the effect of the vote under the special act.
The judgment should be reversed and a .new trial ordered, with costs to the appellants to abide event.
All concurred...
Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs-to appellants to abide e vent.
See § 16, as amd. by Laws of 1901, chap. 640; Laws of 1906, chap. 680; Laws óf 1907, chap. '345,. and Laws of 1908, chap. 144.—[Rep.
See Laws of 1902, chap, 239; Liquor Tax Law, § 16, as amd. supra.— [Rep.