Case Name: John B. Eaton v. Lewis French
Court: Supreme Court of Ohio
Jurisdiction: Ohio
Decision Date: 1873-12
Citations: 23 Ohio St. 560
Docket Number: 
Parties: John B. Eaton v. Lewis French.
Judges: 
Reporter: Ohio State Reports, New Service
Volume: 23
Pages: 560–562

Head Matter:
John B. Eaton v. Lewis French.
A judgment entered by a justice of the peace in an action tried before-him, “that the action be dismissed without prejudice to a new action,” is not a bar to a subsequent suit on the same cause of action.
Error to the District Court of Hamilton county.
The original action was brought before a justice of the-peace on an account. The case was appealed to the Court of Common Pleas. To the petition in that court, the defendant pleaded a former recovery before a justice of the-peace, between the same parties, and on the same account, and attached to his answer, as a part thereof, a transcript of the case, by which it appeared that, after the trial, the-justice took the case under advisement eight days, and then, without stating any reason, rendered judgment “that the action be dismissed without prejudice to a new action.”' Upon this state of pleading, the court holding this judgment to be a bar to the action, dismissed the case. This judgment was affirmed on error, by the District Court, and. this petition in error is prosecuted to reverse both these-judgments.
J. B. Eaton, for himself.
1. The judgment pleaded in bar is void for want of power in the justice to render it after the time allowed by law. Justices’ Code, sec. 107; Robinson v. Kious, 4 Ohio St. 593.
2. The judgment is not upon the merits. It was only a ,dismissal without prejudice, and can have no other effect. Haskins v. Alcott, 13 Ohio St. 219; Reynolds v. Stanbery, 20 Ohio, 344; Lore v. Freeman, 10 Ohio St. 45.
■

Opinion:
Day, J.
A judgment is not a bar to another action unless it was rendered upon the matter in controversy. The-judgment pleaded in this case does not purport to be rendered upon the cause of action, nor does anything appear-in the transcript from which it can be implied. No effect can be given to it inconsistent with its terms, and its-language forbids it from being regarded as a judgment, upon the merits of the action. Moreover, had the judgment been rendered within the time allowed by law, for aught that appears, it was the proper judgment to be-rendered in the case. It is entirely consistent with the-supposition that the cause of action was not at all considered by the justice; for he may, in a proper case, dismiss-an action without passing upon its merits — as that it was-objected at the trial and appeared by the evidence that the. action was brought in the wrong township, in which case he was authorized by the statute to dismiss the action, "without prejudice to a new action." Justices'Act, sec.. 104. But the judgment was not rendered until eight days-after the trial. Had the case been tried on its merits, the justice could then properly have rendered no other judgment than one of dismissal; for if he had entered judgment on the merits at that time, it would have been at least erroneous, and possibly of no validity whatever. Section 107 of the justices' act provides, that when the trial is by the justice, judgment " must be entered either at the close of the trial, or if the justice then desire further time to consider, on or by the fourth day thereafter, both days inclusive." This language is clear, specific, and peremptory. The power'of the justice must be measured by the statute. Accordingly, it was held in Robinson v. Kious, 4 Ohio St. 593, that a judgment rendered by a justice after the time allowed by the statute, was, for that reason, reversible; and the holding in Dunlap v. Robinson, 12 Ohio St. 530, would warrant the conclusion that such delay works a discontinuance of the action. To the same effect are the following cases: Watson v. Davis, 19 Wend. 371; Young v. Rummell, 5 Hill, 60, and 7 Hill, 503; Sibley v. Howard, 3 Denio, 72; McNamara v. Spees, 25 Wis. 539. But it is unnecessary in this case to express an opinion as to the legal effect of the judgment, further than to say that, having delayed to enter it within the time allowed by law, no more appropriate judgment could have been rendered than one of dismissal without prejudice to a new action. Upon the ground, then, that the judgment was not upon the merits of the action, we must hold that the court erred in adjudging it to be a bar to the action subsequently brought on the same cause of action.
It follows that the judgment of the Common Pleas and that of the District Court must be reversed. The cause will be remanded to the Court of Common Pleas for further proceedings.