Case Name: SMELSEY v. SAFETY INVESTMENT CORP.
Court: Michigan Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 1945-02-20
Citations: 310 Mich. 686
Docket Number: Docket No. 28, Calendar No. 42,813
Parties: SMELSEY v. SAFETY INVESTMENT CORP.
Judges: Starr, C. J., and North, Btttzel, Btjshnell, and Reid, JJ., concurred with Boyles, J. Wiest and Sharpe, JJ., concurred in the result.
Reporter: Michigan Reports
Volume: 310
Pages: 686–692

Head Matter:
SMELSEY v. SAFETY INVESTMENT CORP.
1. Ejectment — Plaintiff Must Bely on Own Title, Not on Weakness of Defendant’s Title.
To preyail in an ejectment proceeding a plaintiff must rely upon the strength of his own title, not on the weakness of defendant’s title.
'2. Same — Prima Facie Prior Title — Burden of Proof.
The burden of proof of the invalidity of defendant’s alleged prior title, established by a prima facie case, is upon the plaintiff in ejectment.
3. Taxation — Burden of Proving Tax Deed Invalid.
Party seeking to avoid a tax deed by direct proceedings for that purpose must substantiate charge of invalidity.
4. Vendor and Purchaser — Unrecorded Tax Deeds — Subsequent Quitclaim Deed from Kecord Title Holder.
Unrecorded tax deeds from State of which plaintiff is not shown to have had knowledge or to have been put upon notice before obtaining quitclaim deed from record title holder were void as to plaintiff (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13304).
5. Appeal and Error — Bight Conclusion of Lower Court Beached Notwithstanding Erroneous Eindings.
The fact that the lower court may have been wrong as to the effect of certain instruments involved in the litigation will not change the result if the court reached the right conclusion on other grounds.
6. Vendor and Purchaser — 99-Year Lease — Becord.
A 99-year lease from city for unpaid delinquent city taxes being a lease for a term exceeding three years is a conveyance of an interest in real estate required to he of record or be void as against a subsequent purchaser in good faith (3 Comp. Laws 1929, §§ 13304, 13309).
7. Taxation — Municipal Corporations — Charters—Delinquent Taxes — Publication op Legal Description.
Under city charter provisions relative to sale of land for delinquent city taxes where notice of sale was published as required, 99-year lease given by city was not invalid because legal description of the property was not published, where publication of such description was not required.
8. Same — 99-Year Lease for Delinquent City Taxes — Presumption op Validity.
Conveyance of 99-year lease by city at sale for delinquent'city-taxes will not be set aside on account of any irregularity, informality or omission not prejudicial to the property rights of the person whose property is taxed, as tax sales and conveyances thereunder are presumed to be legal until the contrary is affirmatively shown and statements in such conveyances are prima facie evidence of the facts there set forth (1 Comp. Laws 1929, § 3492).
9. Vendor and Purchaser — Ejectment—Burden of Proof — Validity op Tax Sale and Conveyance.
In ejectment by subsequent purchaser from record title holder plaintiff held, to have failed to sustain burden of proof of showing invalidity of tax sale by city for delinquent city taxes or that defendants have no rights under 99-year lease given by city.
10. Same — Unrecorded Conveyance to Tax Sale Purchaser — Possession — Good Paith.
Subsequent purchaser from record title holder was not entitled to prevail in action of ejectment where defendant or persons holding under it were in possession under an unrecorded 99-yehr. lease from city, which had been acquired at sale for delinquent city taxes, where it appears plaintiff knew of such possession and knew of defendant, but made no effort to get in touch with it or make inquiry as to its interest (3 Comp. Laws 1929, §13304).
Appeal from Wayne; Miller (Guy A.), J.
Submitted January 3, 1945.
(Docket No. 28, Calendar No. 42,813.)
Decided February 20, 1945.
Ejectment by Meyer Smelsey against Safety Investment Corporation, David Rott and Harry Rott. Judgment for defendants. Plaintiff appeals.
Affirmed.
Meyer Weisenfeld, for plaintiff.
• Schmier, Karbel & Eiges, for defendants.

Opinion:
Boyles, J.
This is an action in ejectment to recover possession of certain real estate1 in Detroit. The chain of title on which plaintiff relies begins with record title in one Margaret Graff in 1891. In 1917 Margaret Graff died testate and her will was admitted to probate in Wayne county, by which the property in question was devised to one Josephine Stackpoole, now Josephine Stackpoole Cur-ran. On May 4, 1943, plaintiff acquired, and on May 5th recorded, a quitclaim deed from Josephine Stackpoole Curran covering the property in question, and on May 20th filed the instant proceedings in ejectment against the defendants in possession. The defendants resisted ejectment on the ground that they held title and right of possession under certain tax conveyances. For reasons hereinafter referred to, the circuit judge denied plaintiff the relief sought, and from the judgment entered for defendants the plaintiff appeals.
"It is elementary that to prevail in an ejectment proceeding the plaintiff must rely upon the strength of his own title, not on the weakness of defendant's title. Ridgley v. Roma, 282 Mich. 682. Clearly in such case a plaintiff could, not prevail if defendant had a prior valid title. It follows that the burden of proof of the invalidity of defendant's alleged prior title when established by a prima facie case is upon the plaintiff in ejectment. 'Where a party seeks to avoid a tax deed by direct proceedings for that purpose, it is for him to substantiate the charge of its invalidity.' Morrison v. Semer, 164 Mich. 208, 214." Briggs v. Prevost, 293 Mich. 677, 679.
The situation disdosed by tbe record is as follows:
Josephine Staekpoole (Curran) was admittedly tbe owner of tbe record title in 1917. Sbe bad not otherwise conveyed her title before sbe executed and delivered to plaintiff tbe quitclaim deed under which plaintiff claims title. Tbe taxes for tbe years 1926 and 1927 bad been allowed to become delinquent. Tbe property in question was sold by tbe county treasurer in 1929 for tbe delinquent 1926 taxes, and again sold in 1930 for tbe delinquent 1927 taxes. One C. E. Merriman became tbe purchaser at both tax sales. On August 30, 1932, the auditor general of tbe State, in pursuance of these two tax sales, conveyed tbe property in question by two auditor general's tax deeds to one C. E. Merriman. There is no proof that defendants ever acquired any title or interest in tbe property from Merriman or anyone claiming under him, or that these two tax deeds were ever put on record, or that Merriman ever went into possession of tbe property. Nor is there any proof that tbe plaintiff, prior to tbe time be acquired title by quitclaim deed from Josephine Staekpoole Curran, ever bad any notice or knowledge of tbe Merriman tax deeds, or of any facts or circumstances indicating that either Merriman or anyone claiming under him might have any interest in tbe premises. Under such circumstances, plaintiff was a subsequent purchaser in good faith and tbe conveyances to Merriman were void as against plain-, tiff's subsequently acquired title. 3 Comp. Laws 1929, §13304 (Stat. Ann. § 26.547).
However, tbe fact that tbe lower court may have reached tbe wrong conclusion as to the effect of tbe Merriman tax deeds will not change tbe result if tbe court reached' the right conclusion on other grounds. In 1936 the defendant Safety Investment Corporation acquired a 99-year lease of this property from the city of Detroit by virtue of a tax sale by the city for unpaid delinquent city taxes for 1926. This being a lease for a term exceeding three years, it is a conveyance of an interest in real estate within the express declaration of the statute law of the State. 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13309 (Stat. Ann. § 26.552); Crouse v. Michell, 130 Mich. 347 (97 Am. St. Rep. 479); Walker & Co. v. Davis, 257 Mich. 316. Plaintiff challenges the validity of this tax sale on several grounds, the one of importance being that there was no publication of the legal description of the property prior to sale. Notice of the tax sale was published as required by the city charter and it is a sufficient answer to this objection that the city charter in effect at that time-did not require publication of descriptions. As to other objections, we find that the requirements of the city charter then in effect were adequately followed'. The conveyance of the property for a term of 99 years discloses on the face of the instrument that the laws relative to assessment and collection of city taxes were adhered to. The statements in the conveyance are prima facie evidence of the facts set forth; tax sales are presumed to be regular, and no tax assessment or tax sale is held invalid on account of any irregularity, informality or omission that does not prejudice the property rights of the person whose property is taxed. Tax sales and conveyances are presumed to be legal until the contrary is affirmatively shown. 1 Comp. Laws 1929, §3492 (Stat. Ann. §7.153). Plaintiff has failed to sustain the burden of proof to show invalidity of the tax sale, or that defendants have no rights under the 99-year lease.
Defendant Safety Investment Corporation went into possession of the property in 1936 by virtue of the conveyance from the city. Plaintiff admits having had knowledge of this conveyance, and of the fact that defendants were in possession of the property, before he acquired the quitclaim deed from Josephine Staclcpoole Curran. In September, 1937, the Safety Investment Corporation conveyed the property in question to David Eott and Harry Eott, other defendants herein. This conveyance was recorded January 30,1943, some months before plaintiff acquired his quitclaim deed from Josephine Stackpoole Curran. Accordingly, it was notice to plaintiff that defendants David Eott and Harry Eott were holding under a claim of title. Plaintiff, before acquiring his quitclaim deed, made inquiry from the tenant in active possession of the premises and1 admits having been informed that the tenant was paying rent to the Safety Investment Corporation. Plaintiff admits knowing where the Safety Investment Corporation was located in Detroit, and that he made no effort to get in touch with it or make inquiry as to its interest, or have anyone else do so in his behalf.
We have heretofore decided the question as to the circumstances under which, one may not be a subsequent purchaser in good faith as against a prior unrecorded lease for a term of more than three years. In Baldwin v. Baldwin, 166 Mich. 157, 160, the court said:
"The statute makes unrecorded leases for more than three years void as against subsequent purchasers in good' faith. 3 Comp. Laws [1897], § 8988 and 8994. This lease was for more than three years and was not recorded, so it becomes important to inquire whether at the time complainants purchased the lot they were good:faith purchasers. Complainant William H. Baldwin's own testimony seems to determine the question. He testified that at the time he purchased the lot he knew the building stood upon it; he also knew that the building was claimed by the defendant and that the defendant was in possession of it. Under these admissions complainants were not good-faith purchasers. Knowing these facts, they are.put upon inquiry, and should have ascertained what the rights of the tenant were. Failing in this, they took title to the property, subject to the rights of the defendant."-
We have considered the other questions raised by plaintiff and find that none controls the result. This case is similar to Smelsey v. Guarantee Finance Corporation, ante, 674, recently decided, and the reasons for the conclusion reached therein are applicable to the instant case.
The judgment is affirmed, with costs.
Starr, C. J., and North, Btttzel, Btjshnell, and Reid, JJ., concurred with Boyles, J. Wiest and Sharpe, JJ., concurred in the result.
These are now 3 Comp. Laws 1929, §813304 and 13309 (Stat. Ann. § 26.547 and 26.552).