Case Name: AMERICAN NAT. BANK OF PROVIDENCE v. GRACE
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1893-02-17
Citations: 22 N.Y.S. 121
Docket Number: 
Parties: AMERICAN NAT. BANK OF PROVIDENCE v. GRACE.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 22
Pages: 121–123

Head Matter:
(67 Hun, 432.)
AMERICAN NAT. BANK OF PROVIDENCE v. GRACE.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
February 17, 1893.)
Deceit—Pleading.
Where, in an action for deceit, a statement of the character of the deceit practiced is fully set forth, together with allegations that fraudulent representations were made with the intent to deceive plaintiff, and that defendant “was then informed and knew of facts and circumstances sufficient to charge him with knowledge of the falsity thereof, ” the latter allegation is not obscure, and a motion to make it more definite should not be granted.
Appeal from special term, New York county.
Action by the American National Bank of Providence, R. I., against William R. Grace to recover damages for fraud and deceit. From an order granting a motion to make the complaint more definite and certain, plaintiff appeals.
Reversed.
For appeal from order overruling a demurrer to the complaint, see 18 N. Y. Supp. 745.
Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and O’BRIEN and FOLLETT, JJ.
James H. Townsend, Jr., for appellant.
Coudert Bros., (F. R. Coudert, of counsel,) for respondent.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
The action is for fraud and deceit, by which, as alleged, the plaintiff was induced to purchase of the defendant two promissory notes, and to pay therefor the sum of $19,600. A statement of the character of the deceit and fraud practiced is fully set forth; but instead of the usual averment that the false representations were knowingly made, and material facts which should have been communicated to the plaintiff were suppressed, the complaint in one of the paragraphs thus alleges:
"Seventh. That, as plaintiff has been informed since the failure of said firm of Grant & Ward, and verily believes, the said statements and representations made by the defendant to plaintiff, as aforesaid, were each and every one false and fraudulent at the time they were made, and were known by the defendant to be false and fraudulent when he made them; that said, statements and representations were calculated to deceive the plaintiff, and the same were made by the defendant with the intent to deceive and defraud this plaintiff; and in making said statements and representations the defendant assumed and intended to and did convey to plaintiff the impression that he had actual knowledge of the matters so stated and represented when defendant was, at the time, conscious that he had no such knowledge, and was then informed and khew of facts and circumstances sufficient to charge him with knowledge of the falsity thereof, which facts and circumstances were unknown to this plaintiff, and which defendant then knew were unknown to this plaintiff, and which defendant fraudulently suppressed and concealed from this plaintiff. "
It will thus be seen that, after fully setting forth in the complaint the false statements, the defendant's knowledge that they were false is thus alleged in two ways: First, that defendant knew his statements to be false; and, second, that he knew of facts and circumstances sufficient to charge him with knowledge of the falsity of his statements. It is insisted that this second allegation is indefinite and uncertain, and it is from the order compelling an amendment of the complaint in this particular that this appeal is taken.
It is urged that the defendant mistook his remedy, which should have been for a bill of particulars, instead of a motion to make the complaint more definite. The distinction between the two has been frequently pointed out, and, as said in Rouget v. Haight, (Sup.) 10 N. Y. Supp. 753, they show "how slight a difference may exist between the conditions requiring the application of the one or the other. " In the case last cited the rule was thus stated:
"It appears to be settled that if the charge or defense be definitely stated, although the statement involves details, it is sufficient to put the party to an application for a bill of particulars, and compels him to resort to that remedy, although the result of either application would be the same. "
And in Jackman v. Lord, (Sup.) 9 N. Y. Supp. 200, the presiding justice of this court said:
"We do not understand that, when a general allegation in the complaint is sufficient to make a good cause of action, the court can compel the allegation of specific facts leading to the conclusions alleged in the complaint. "
Again, in Brownell v. Bank, 13 Wkdy. Dig. 371, it was held that if, looking at the complaint, the court can see with ordinary certainty the meaning of the different allegations, and the cause of action intended to be set up by them, the pleading is not indefinite. And in Cook v. Matteson, (Super. Ct. Buff.) 11 N. Y. Supp. 573, citing the last case, it was said:
"The motion is to be determined upon an inspection of the pleading, and if, from such inspection, the court can see with reasonable certainty the meaning of the allegations, and the cause of action intended therein to be set forth, the pleading will be held sufficient to resist a motion to make it more definite. "
Applying these rulings, or taking the one which the respondent furnishes, viz. that where a specific allegation is obscure the remedy is by motion to make more definite and certain, we think the conclusion to be reached upon an inspection of the pleadings is against the view contended for by respondent. We fail to see in what respect the specific allegation is obscure. It is true that the evidence to establish this allegation is not set forth, nor is that necessary in a pleading. Upon reading this complaint, no doubt can exist as to what the allegation means. It is a statement that the defendant "knew of facts and circumstances sufficient to charge him with knowledge of the falsity thereof." This is but a statement that the defendant had reasons for knowing that the representations made were false, that they were not known to the plaintiff, and they were such that good faith on the part of the defendant required him to make them known to the plaintiff. We agree with the appellant that the effect of granting the motion would be to compel a disclosure of its evidence, because to require a statement of the facts and circumstances known by the defendant, and which are claimed to have been sufficient to charge him with knowledge of the falsity of the representations, is but asking the plaintiff to disclose what evidence he has of defendant's knowledge in this particular. We do not think that there is anything indefinite or uncertain in the allegation; and where, as here, the charge relates to facts which must be shown to have been within the knowledge of the defendant, he is not entitled to the relief sought. Besides, as said in Williams v. Folsom, (Sup.) 10 N. Y. Supp. 895, "allegations of fraud are not required to be stated with great particularity." We are of opinion, therefore, that the motion should not have been granted, and the order appealed from is therefore reversed, with costs and disbursements, and the motion denied.