Case Name: TITUS v. STATE TAX COMMISSION
Court: Michigan Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 1965-02-02
Citations: 374 Mich. 476
Docket Number: Calendar No. 7, Docket No. 50,664
Parties: TITUS v. STATE TAX COMMISSION.
Judges: Dethmers, Kelly, Black, Smith, and O’Hara, JJ., concurred with Souris, J.
Reporter: Michigan Reports
Volume: 374
Pages: 476–487

Head Matter:
TITUS v. STATE TAX COMMISSION.
1. Taxation—Property—Assessment—Uniformity.
“A uniform rule of taxation” of property as set forth in the Constitution requires not only uniformity in the rate of taxation, but also uniformity in the mode of the assessment npon the taxable valuation coextensive with the territory to which it applies (Const 1908, art 10, § 3).
2. Same—Variant Property Assessment—-Vacation—Uniformity —Reassessment.
State tax commission’s order approving city board of review’s assessment of 20% of the property in the city by a formula differing from that used in assessing the remainder is vacated as being violative of the uniformity requirements of the Constitution and the true and lawful assessment ordered made aeeording to statute (Const 1908, art 10, § 3; CLS 1961, § 211.152).
3. Same—State Tax Commission—Appeal to Courts.
A taxpayer has a clear right to judicial relief from order of State tax commission, where the commission committed an error of law in confirming fie questioned assessment against the taxpayer’s property (Const 1963, art 6, § 28).
References for Points in Headnotes
[1, 2] 51 Am Jur, Taxation § 162.
51 Am Jur, Taxation § 618.
11 Am Jur, Costs § 91 et seq.-
A. Costs—State Tax Commission—Variant Assessment op Property.
No costs are allowed in certiorari proceeding against State tax commission to obtain relief from its order confirming oity’s assessment of property within the eity by variant formulae.
Kavanagh, C. J., and Adams, J., dissenting.
Appeal from State Tax Commission.
Submitted October 6, 1964.
(Calendar No. 7, Docket No. 50,664.)
Decided February 2, 1965.
Rehearing denied March 1, 1965.
Appeal in the nature of certiorari by Leon 0. Titus and others from an order of the State Tax Commission confirming the real property tax assessment on homestead property.
Order vacated.
Joseph W. Planch, for plaintiffs.
Donald Teel, for plaintiffs on application for rehearing.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, James R. Ramsey, Acting Solicitor General, T. Carl Holbrook and William D. Dexter, Assistant Attorneys General, for defendant.

Opinion:
Souris, J.
On plaintiffs' application, we granted them leave to appeal in the nature of certiorari from an order of the State tax commission confirming the 1963 city real property tax assessment of their Lansing homes. It is their claim that in 1963 the Lansing assessor assessed about 20% of the real .property in Lansing, including their own, by a method of assessment different from that used in the assessment of the remainder of the real property in the city, thereby depriving them, of thq guaranties of equality and uniformity granted by article 10, § 3, Constitution of 1908 and by CLS 1961, § 211.24 (Stat Ann 1960 Rev § 7.24).
Although the record made before the commission is not as complete and detailed as might be desired, we may conclude therefrom that beginning in 1963 the assessor undertook to reappraise all of the real property in the city. Because of the enormity of the task, it was contemplated it would require several years to complete. In the first year of the project, the tax year here involved, 20% of the properties were physically examined and reappraised. Land appraisal was based on current sales prices for comparable land. Improvements were appraised on the basis of their current cost of reproduction less depreciation. These properties then were assessed by a method not theretofore utilized in Lansing. Their assessed value was determined by in•creasing the appraised value of improvements by 15%, 20%, or 25%, depending upon the subdivision in which located, and by adding 40% of the resultant to 40% of the appraised value of the land. The remaining real property in' Lansing was not physically examined. Instead, the assessor used the same .appraised value determined in prior tax years for those properties and, after "reviewing" the preceding tax year's assessed value in a manner not described by the assessor, the assessed value was "re-posted" for 1963. While the assessor did not describe the methods by which the appraised and assessed values of those properties theretofore had been determined, there was admitted in evidence, without •objection, a report of a citizens' committee on tax 'assessments, dated January 29,1962, which describes the methods of assessment then used in Lansing. That description has not been challenged as inaccurate. Prom it we determine that prior to 1963 the Lansing' assessor assessed land at a "certain" percentage of its 1936 value while improvements were assessed on the basis of cost of reproduction less depreciation adjusted to 1947 construction costs.
The record discloses that the city council of Lansing, recognizing the manifest unfairness of the assessment of a part only of the city's real property by the new method of assessment, by unanimous resolution requested the board of review to postpone a change in the method of assessment until the new method could be applied uniformly to all property in the city. The council's request was not granted.
Prom the record made before the defendant commission the conclusion is inescapable that plaintiffs' real property, as well as about 20% of the property in Lansing, was assessed by a method different from that applied to the assessment of the remainder of tbe real property in Lansing. Whether either of the methods used conformed to the then applicable legislative mandate that real property be assessed at its "true cash value" (CLS 1961, § 211.24 [Stat Ann 1960 Rev § 7.24]), is unnecessary to be determined; it is sufficient for purpose of decision that the variant methods used deprived plaintiffs of the guarantee of uniformity of taxation provided by article 10, § 3 of the Constitution of 1908. See Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority v. Boards of Supervisors of Five Counties, 304 Mich 328, 335, 336, where this Court adopted the following from Exchange Bank of Columbus v. Hines, 3 Ohio St 1, 15:
"'What is meant by the words "taxing by a uniform rule?" And to what is the rule applied by the Constitution? No language in the Constitution, perhaps, is more important than this; and to accomplish the beneficial purposes intended, it is essential that they should be truly interpreted, and correctly applied. "Taxing" is required to be "by a uniform rule;" that is, by one and the same unvarying standard. Taxing by a uniform rule requires uniformity not only in the rate of taxation, but also uniformity in the mode of the assessment upon the taxable valuation. Uniformity in taxing implies equality in the burden of taxation; and this equality of burden cannot exist without uniformity in the mode of the assessment, as well as in the rate of taxation. But this is not all. The uniformity must be coextensive with the territory to which it applies. If a State tax, it must be uniform over all the State; if a county, town, or city tax, it must be uniform throughout the extent of the territory to which it is applicable.' "
The order of defendant State tax commission of October 8, 1963, is vacated and the commission is directed to determine the true and lawful assessment of plaintiffs' property, as provided in CLS 1961, § 211.152 (Stat Ann 1960 Rev §7.210), and in accordance with this opinion. ' No costs may be taxed.
Dethmers, Kelly, Black, Smith, and O'Hara, JJ., concurred with Souris, J.
The record reflects one exception. In one subdivision, a factor of 1.15 was applied to one taxpayer's building, while a factor of 1.25 was applied to another's.
"Resolved by tbe city council of the city of Lansing:
"Whereas, the city assessor has complied with the recommendations of the mayor's tax assessments committee, said recommendations having to do with basie and far-reaehing changes in the methods and formula by which property assessments are levied, and
"Whereas, sueh basie changes will have direct and substantial effect on certain arbitrarily selected groups of property owners at this time, permitting large numbers of the city's taxpayers to continue to enjoy the benefits of the existing and substantially lower methods of assessment,
"Now, therefore, be it resolved:
"That the board of review is hereby requested to take the following action:
"1. Declare an immediate moratorium on the newly announced residential property assessments formula for the city of Lansing.
"2. Direct the city assessor to proceed with the reappraisal of all properties within the city, as recommended by the tax assessments committee,' and to effectuate new assessments only when all properties have been properly appraised and assessed, thus assuring fair and equitable treatment for all property owners.
"3. During the period of moratorium it is further recommended that additional study be, given to the new formula and methods of property assessment to assure fairness and equity on a long term basis.
"4. Continue to appraise and adjust assessments under the old formula until the new formula can be applied to the whole city."
Plaintiffs' right to appellate relief is clear, the State tax commission having committed an. error of law in confirming the Í963 assessment against plaintiffs' property. See- article 6, § 28 of the Constitution of 1963: "In the absence of fraud, error of law or the adoption of wrong principles, no appeal may lie taken to any court from any final ageney provided for the administration of property tax laws from any decision relating to valuation or allocation.".