Case Name: In the Interest of D. A. H. and S. L. H., Minor Children, et al.
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 1980-10-16
Citations: 390 So. 2d 379
Docket Number: Nos. 79-122/T4-372, 79-156/T4-372A
Parties: In the Interest of D. A. H. and S. L. H., Minor Children, et al.
Judges: FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., J., concurs.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 390
Pages: 379–383

Head Matter:
In the Interest of D. A. H. and S. L. H., Minor Children, et al.
Nos. 79-122/T4-372, 79-156/T4-372A.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District.
Oct. 16, 1980.
Rehearing Denied Nov. 25, 1980.
Walter Komanski of Legal Aid Society of Orange County, Orlando, for appellant, mother.
Sally Dee Rest of Graham, Markel, Scott, Marlowe, Appleton & McDonough, P.A., Orlando, for appellant, father.
Douglas E. Whitney of Dept, of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Orlando, for appellee.

Opinion:
ORFINGER, Judge.
The final judgment appealed from terminated appellants' parental rights and granted a petition by the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services for permanent commitment for subsequent adoption. Appellant mother is the mother of both children, born April 1, 1975 and November 25, 1976, respectively. Appellant father is the father of the younger child, D.A.H. The father of S.L.H. did not appear.
On procedural grounds, the father of D.A.H. says that the judgment is improper because he was never served with process, despite knowledge by the social worker on the case that he claimed to be the father of this child. He is not married to the mother. Any error is not giving him notice was cured, however, when he voluntarily appeared, filed an affidavit of paternity, counsel was appointed for him and the proceedings were continued so that he could properly defend the petition.
The mother asserts that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the judgment terminating her parental rights, and while we are reluctant to interfere with the conclusions of the trial judge, it would appear that he applied an incorrect standard to the evidence before him.
Section 39.11(2)(d), Florida Statutes (1977) was the law in effect at the time these proceedings were commenced and heard. The statute did not attempt to define "abandoned" or "neglected" as it does subsequent to the 1978 amendment, but it is clear that those are among the required findings necessary to support a judgment of permanent commitment. The trial court recognized this requirement in the final judgment. He found the children to be abandoned and neglected "... as those terms are defined by F.S. section 39.-ll(l)(d) [(2)(d)] [sic] (1977) and F.S. section 39.01(1) and (2) [(27)] [sic] (1978) ."
Whatever the 1978 amendment does to the requirement for findings of abandonment or neglect in permanent commitment cases, it does not apply to this case because the events which gave rise to the petition as well as the final hearing all took place before the statute became effective.
The only definition of "abandoned" prior to the 1978 amendment, as that term applies to this type of case, was found in cases dealing with adoption without parental consent, where consent was excused in the case of a natural parent who had abandoned the child. Under that statute, the cases have uniformly held that abandonment consists of conduct which manifests a settled purpose to permanently forego all parental rights and the shirking of the responsibilities cast by the law of nature so as to relinquish all parental claims to the child. Solomon v. McLucas, 382 So.2d 339 (Fla.2d DCA 1980); Durden v. Henry, 343 So.2d 1361 (Fla.lst DCA 1977). Temporary failures or derelictions of parents may justify temporary deprivation of custody of their child, but will not support permanent loss of parental rights. In re Adoption of Gossett, 277 So.2d 832 (Fla.1st DCA 1973). The 1978 amendments reinforce these decisions by making it necessary for the court to find the ability to support the child and provide it with the proper environment before it can declare an abandonment or neglect, unless the court finds that the parent does not evince a settled purpose to assume all parental duties. Under either statute, the court must also find that severing parental rights is manifestly in the child's best interest.
When the State undertakes to permanently deprive a natural parent of the right to rear her children, the courts should zealously protect the rights of the parent and insure that this drastic action strictly conforms to legislative guidelines. Smith v. Florida State Dept. of Health and Rehab. Services, 299 So.2d 127 (Fla.3d DCA 1974). Permanent termination of parental rights is a drastic step and it should not be ordered except upon clear and convincing proof that the natural parent has conducted herself in such a way as to show a complete abandonment of the child. In re Adoption of Noble, 349 So.2d 1215 (Fla.4th DCA 1977). While it would serve no useful purpose to restate the evidence here, it is difficult to interpret the mother's conduct as indicative of a settled purpose to permanently forego her parental rights and to shirk her parental responsibilities. She is disabled, has health and financial difficulties and lacks education. These shortcomings alone, however, do not subject her to the permanent loss of her children. Despite her medical problems she did visit her older child although missing some appointments, the last such visit on the before her younger child was born. She visited her younger child after he was placed in foster care, the last such visit occurring on October 18, 1977. On March 27,1978, the Department filed this petition, and it admits that it would not arrange for visitation after that time. Although appellant had not seen her older child for more than a year prior to the filing of the petition, she had visited her younger child within six months prior to the filing. She was not permitted visitation after the filing. The trial judge did not find the mother unfit.
This falls short of the required clear and convincing proof. Although there is evidence to support the court's finding that termination of parental rights of the mother was manifestly in the best interest of the children, this is not enough under the applicable statute which requires the existence of one of the stated statutory grounds.
We reverse the final judgment and remand the matter to the trial court for further proceedings and reconsideration in the light of this opinion. Fortunately, the trial judge recognized the need to continue the parental contact during this appeal hoping for eventual rehabilitation, so the trial judge is free to take additional testimony as he deems warranted.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., J., concurs.
COBB, J., dissents with opinion.
. § 39.11(2), Fla.Stat. (1977):
When any child shall be adjudicated by a court to be a dependent child, the court having jurisdiction of the child shall have the power, by order, to:

(d) Permanently commit the child to the division of family services or a licensed child-placing agency willing to receive the child for subsequent adoption if the court finds that the child has been abandoned by the natural parent or parents, and legal guardian, if any, of the child; or that the parent or parents, and legal guardian, if any, have substantially and continuously or repeatedly refused, or though financially able have neglected, to give the child parental care and protection; or that the parent or parents, and legal guardian, if any, are unfit by reason of their conduct or condition which is seriously detrimental to the child's welfare; or if the parent or parents have voluntarily executed a written surrender of the child for subsequent adoption in the form required by paragraph (c) of subsection (7); and if the court finds that it is manifestly to the best interest of the child to do so.
. § 39.01(1) and (27), Fla.Stat. (Supp.1978).
. § 63.072, Fla.Stat. (1977).
. In the Interest of P.S., R.S., and R.S. v. State, No. 79-423/T4422 (Fla.5th DCA, April 23, 1980).