Case Name: BRIDGES v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1925-11-04
Citations: 277 S.W. 1096
Docket Number: No. 9399
Parties: BRIDGES v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 277
Pages: 1096–1099

Head Matter:
BRIDGES v. STATE.
(No. 9399.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Nov. 4, 1925.
Rehearing Denied Dec. 23, 1925.)
J. D. Pickett, of Palestine, for appellant.
Sam D. Stinson, State’s Atty., of Austin, and Nat Gentry, Jr., Asst. State’s Atty., of Tyler, for the State.

Opinion:
BERRY, J.
The appellant was convicted in the district court of Anderson county for the offense of transporting liquor, and his punishment assessed at confinement in the penitentiary for a- term of one year.
There is but one bill of exception in the record, and this complains at the court's action in permitting the state to introduce in evidence the alleged.voluntary confession of the appellant made before Joe N. Davis, county attorney, of Anderson county, Tex. The appellant's objection to the introduction of said alleged voluntary statement was, first, because the confession or statement itself does not recite that the defendant was first warned that any statement he made touching the offense for which he was arrested and -concerning which the statement was made could be used in evidence against him in the trial of the offense for which he was charged and concerning which the' statement was made, as required by article 810 of the Code of Criminal Procedure; and, second, appellant objected to its introduction because it was not freely and voluntarily made, but was a statement and confession procured by the witness Joe N. Davis and others by force, threats, and abuse, and through bodily fear, and the said confession was extorted from said defendant by threats and abuse, and while the defendant was laboring under fear induced by physical violence done to him by one Huffman, the officer who arrested him and was present at the time said confession was made.
With reference to the first objection, we note that the warning contained in the statement offered is as follows:
"My name is' Lemmie Bridges. I am confined in the Anderson county jail in the custody of R. Huffman, constable precinct 1, of said county, by virtue of a warrant issued out of the justice court .of precinct No. 1 of Anderson county, Tex., charging me with the offense of unlawfully transporting intoxicating liquor.
"I have been warned by Joe N. Davis, county attorney of Anderson county, Tex., that I do not have to make any kind of statement concerning said offense, but, if I did make any statement concerning the guilt or innocence of the offense with which I am charged, it may he used in evidence against me in the final trial of my case. After having been so warned by the said Joe N. Davis, county attorney, I now want to make a statement concerning said offense, and make same voluntarily and freely, and without fear or promise of immunity from prosecution, and make the same to Joe N. Davis, county attorney of said Anderson county, Tex., on this 12th day of December, A. D. 1924."
We think the warning is in- full accord with article 810 of Vernon's G. O. P., and its sufficiency has been upheld in many cases decided by this court. In fact, we think that the warning is so fully and completely in accord with both the letter and spirit of the statute above mentioned as to make a discussion of it useless. See section 7, art. 810, Vernon's O. O. P., for citation of authorities.
As to the objection that said statement was procured by force, threats, abuse, and fear of bodily injury we note from the bill of exceptions that the court heard testimony on this issue, and, while the appellant swore that the Constable Huffman did abuse him, and, if his testimony is true, virtually forced him to make the confession, still we note that the county attorney, who took the confession, and Huffman, the constable who is alleged- to have been guilty of the mistreatment of the appellant, each swore that the confession was voluntarily and freely made after a proper warning, and each swore that so far as he knew no force or coercion of any kind was used in procuring said confession. Under this condition of the record it was the proper practice for the court to submit to the jury in his charge the issue as to whether or not the confession was freely and voluntarily made. The court did this in the following language:
"The state has introduced in evidence a written statement of the defendant in this case, and I instruct you that, if you believe said statement in writing was not freely and voluntarily made, but that the same was induced by duress, threats, or coercion upon the part of R. Huffman, or any other person, or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof,'to wholly disregard such written statement, and not consider it for any purpose whatsoever."
This charge is in accord with the precedents in this state, and, under the facts in this case, it was the proper practice to give it. Many axithorities sustaining the court's action in this matter will he found collated under section 75, page 46, of Branch's Ann. P. C.
From what has. just been said it follows that in our opinion the court did not err in refusing to give appellant's special charge No. 1, instructing the jury to disregard this statement for any purpose.
Neither did the court err in refusing special charge No. 2 wherein appellant re-guested the court to charge the jury that, if they believed that said voluntary statement in writing was not freely and voluntarily made by the defendant, or if they should have a reasonable doubt thereof, then they should not consider said statement for any purpose. This charge was given in substantially the same language in the court's main charge.
Appellant very earnestly contends that the court erred in refusing to submit to the jury the question as to whether the liquor described in the indictment was being transported by One Champ Lumpkin and not by the defendant, and. as presenting this theory of the case appellant offered three special charges, and also excepted to the court's main charge for its failure to submit this issue. It seems to be the appellant's contention that this was an affirmative issue presented by the evidence, and as such he was entitled to have it presented by an affirmative charge. There can be no dispute as to the proposition .that, where an affirmative defense is presented by the evidence, it is usually the duty of the trial court to present this defense in an affirmative charge. It has been held, however, and we think the authorities are substantially all to that effect, that, where testimony does, no more than detail a suspicion that a party other than the appellant was .guilty, this does not rise to the dignity of an affirmative defense. Bohannon v. State, 100 Tex. Cr. R. 285, 273 S. W. 262.
The only facts so far as we have been able to determine shown by this record which would raise this issue is the testimony to the effect that the car in which the whisky was being transported belonged to one Champ Lumpkin, and that he was also under indictment for transporting the same. The appellant did not testify in the case on its merits, and offered no testimony explaining his theory concerning the transaction. On the contrary, the state proved by the constable, a deputy constable, and the sheriff that the appellant and Champ Lumpkin were found driving an automobile that contained intoxicating liquor. The sheriff testified that on the 12th day of December, 1924, he saw the appellant in a Ford car going across the field about 250 yards from his house; that he was about 200 yards from him when he first saw him and commanded him to stop, and that he did not stop when he first halted him; that he went about 10O yards after he commanded him to stop; and that he saw some whisky there about the car when they did stop; and that there was a bottle in the front of the car possibly two inches deep in whisky; and that. he saw whisky on the outside; and that there was a sack thrown down about 20 feet from the car and found on the ground in the direction from which the car had come; that a box was in the car when he first got'there, and he took it out and set it on the ground.
The witness Stafford, a deputy constable, testified that he recognized the contents of theebox, and that it contained a gallon glass jar and a bottle of whisky that was taken out of the box and the jug together.
We think under this record that there was no evidence raising the issue that the other occupant of the car, Champ Lumpkin, was in the exclusive possession of this liquor, and, unless his possession was exclusive, it would not avail the appellant as a defensive matter. On the contrary, we think the testimony ample to show that the appellant had a guilty connection with the transportation of the liquor in question, and, in view of the fact that the state's testimony is uncontradicted there being no testimony as to the facts offered explanatory of the appellant's connection with the liquor, we would not be authorized to reverse the case in any event on account of the court's failure to charge on this matter. The appellant received the lowest penalty provided by law, and, under the undisputed facts, we' think that no honest jury could have done less than to have convicted him.
From what has been said, it follows that in our opinion, the judgment of the trial court should be in all things affirmed.
PER CURIAM.
. The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of .Criminal Appeals, and approved by the court.