Case Name: Amidon vs. Wheeler
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1842-07
Citations: 3 Hill & Den. 137
Docket Number: 
Parties: Amidon vs. Wheeler.
Judges: 
Reporter: Hill's Reports
Volume: 3
Pages: 137–139

Head Matter:
Amidon vs. Wheeler.
If an agent appropriate the money of his principal to the payment of the debt of a third person, without any authority for so doing, and these facts are known to the payee at the time of receiving the money, it may be recovered of the latter by the principal in an action for money had and received.
Accordingly, a judgment having been recovered against M. for violating a city ordinance, he and others persuaded A’s servant to pay the same to W., the clerk of the court which rendered the judgment, out of funds belonging to A., but without authority from A. for so doing; and W. received the money with full knowledge of these facts: Held, that A., having demanded the money of W., might recover the amount against him in an action for money had and received. Otherwise, had the money been received by W. in ignorance that it belonged to A., and been paid into the city treasury before notice. Per Nelson, Ch. J.
Error to the Rensselaer C. P. Amidon sued Wheeler before a justice of the peace, and declared in assumpsit for money had and received. Plea, the general issue, with notice of special matter. The case was this : J. P. Amidon, a minor, who was a brother of the plaintiff and in his employment, went to the city of Troy; and while there, one M’Coy, a neighbor, was arrested, and a penalty of five dollars recovered against him for a violation of one of the city ordinances. The defendant was clerk of the court before which the recovery was had, and was the proper person to receive payment of the penalty. J. P. Amidon having money in his hands belonging to the plaintiff, was requested by M’Coy, the defendant and others, to pay the penalty, which he at first refused to do, saying the money belonged to the plaintiff who would be offended if he paid it out. After being importuned for some time he finally paid it to the defendant, repeating at the time that the money belonged to the plaintiff. The action was brought to recover back the money thus paid over, after a demand and refusal. The justice gave judgment for the plaintiff, which was reversed by the common pleas on certiorari. Amidon sued out a writ of error.
J). L. Seymour, for the plaintiff in error.
E. Wilson, Juh., for the defendant in error.

Opinion:
By the Court, Nelson, Ch. J.
I am unable to discover any principle upon which to sustain the judgment of the common pleas. J. P. Amidon paid the judgment against M'Coy out of the plaintiff's funds, and this fact was known to the defendant at the time the payment was made ; and whether paid at his request, or the request of M'Coy, or of any other bystander, cannot alter the legal rights of the plaintiff. I place no stress upon the fact that the plaintiff's brother was under age, and incompetent to bind himself by an agreement to pay the debt of a third person. He was competent to act as agent for the plaintiff, and, had any authority existed to pay the money in question to the defendant on behalf of M'Coy, the act w'ould have been valid and binding. But here was a total want of any such authority, and that fact known to the defendant at the time. The money received by him, therefore, was the plaintiff's money, and must be regarded as having been received and as still held for the plaintiff's use. (Anonymous, 1 Salk. 289 ; Bull. N. P. 35 ; 2 Comyn on Cont. 44.) The defendant in my judgment has shown no more right to the application of this money for the purpose claimed, as it respects the title of the plaintiff, than if it had been in the defendant's hands on deposite, or had been collected by him, or in any other way received in the course of business, to be paid over when called for by the plaintiff.
Had the defendant received the money under the circumstances of this case, upon a demand of his own against M'Coy, it cannot be doubted for a moment that the payment would have been void, and he liable to refund the amount to the plaintiff; (Dumond's adm'rs v. Carpenter, 3 Johns. R. 183 ;) and the fact that he received it as clerk of the court, with full notice of all the circumstances, does not make the case more favorable for him. I admit, if the money had been received in ignorance that it belonged to the plaintiff, and had been paid into the city treasury before notice, the defendant would not have been liable. But here, the defendant was advised of the plaintiff's ownership, and admonished that there was no authority thus to apply the money ; and if he did so, (which does not indeed appear in the case,) it was paid over in his own wrong. (Sadler v. Evans, 4 Burr. 1985 ; Cox v. Prentice, 3 Maule & Selw. 344 ; Edwards v. Hodding, 5 Taunt. 815 ; Horsfall v. Handley, 8 id. 136 ; Saund. Pl. & Ev. 672.)
Judgment reversed.