Case Name: JOHNSON v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1930-05-21
Citations: 29 S.W.2d 404
Docket Number: No. 13351
Parties: JOHNSON v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 29
Pages: 404–405

Head Matter:
JOHNSON v. STATE.
No. 13351.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
May 21, 1930.
Rehearing Denied June 18, 1930.
1⅛ D. Ratliff, Dennis P. Ratliff, and L. D. Ratliff, Jr., all of Haskell, for appellant.
A. A. Dawson, State’s Atty., of Austin, for the State.

Opinion:
MARTIN, J.
Offense, the .unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor; penalty, one year in the penitentiary.
The second count of the indictment submitted by the court to the jury in his charge alleged a joint sale to J. W. Wylie and L. O. Cole. A conviction was authorized in the charge if the jury believed beyond a reasonable doubt that a sale was made to "J. W. Wylie and D. C. Cole, or either of them." Proper exception was made to this, and it is here urged that since a joint sale was alleged, proof of a sale to one of such purchasers would have constituted a fatal variance, and that a charge which authorized a conviction upon proof of a sale to one purchaser under an allegation in the indictment of a sale to two was erroneous. This contention is correct. Price v. State, 83 Tex. Cr. R. 322, 202 S. W. 948; Brown v. State, 102 Tex. Cr. R. 54, 276 S. W. 908; McGee v. State, 112 Tex. Cr. R. 450,17 S.W.(2d) 50, 53; Asher v. State, 102 Tex. Cr. R. 162, 277 S. W. 1099. The rule is otherwise if the proof shows a sale to more than the number of purchasers alleged in the indictment. Ryan v. State, 32 Tex. 280; Parker v. State, 45 Tex. Cr. R. 334, 77 S. W. 783; Asher v. State and McGee v. State, supra. The charge was error, and the only question remaining to be determined is whether or not under article 666, C. C. P., the error was harmless. This is nearly always difficult to demonstrate, and is made more so in this case by the condition we find the facts in, as reflected by the record. We have finally concluded that the question presented here is ruled by the 'opinion in the Asher Case, supra, which seems to hold, under a state of facts regarded as similar to those of the instant case that such an error is harmless. The testimony of J. W. Wiley, as interpreted by us, is in substance and effect that he was approached by Cole and Miller, claiming to be oil men, who told him they had been drunk the night before and needed some whisky to sober up on; that the three went to appellant and there purchased the whisky in question, the money being furnished by Cole. We do not think a fair construction of the testimony would justify the inference that any sale was made ,to a less number than alleged in the indictment, though it might perhaps support the conclusion that the sale was to a larger number than so alleged. In other words, to be harmful there must be evidence supporting the inference that a sale was made to one of the purchasers named in view of the quoted language of the charge, "either of them." See also Price v. State, 83 Tex. Cr. R. 322, 202 S. W. 948. There being no such evidence in our opinion, the error above could not have prejudiced appellant.
The other question raised has no merit in pur opinion and does not seem to be of sufficient importance to justify consumption of space in its discussion.
Finding no error in the record, the judgment is affirmed.
PER CURIAM.
The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and ,ap: proved by. the c.ourt.