Case Name: In re SUPPORTKIDS, INC., f/k/a Child Support Enforcement, Inc.
Court: Texas Courts of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 2003-11-26
Citations: 124 S.W.3d 804
Docket Number: No. 01-02-00803-CV
Parties: In re SUPPORTKIDS, INC., f/k/a Child Support Enforcement, Inc.
Judges: Panel consists of Justices TAFT, JENNINGS, and HANKS.
Reporter: South Western Reporter Third Series
Volume: 124
Pages: 804–809

Head Matter:
In re SUPPORTKIDS, INC., f/k/a Child Support Enforcement, Inc.
No. 01-02-00803-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).
Nov. 26, 2003.
Arnold G. Polanco, Ross, Banks, May, Cron & Cavin, Houston, TX, Gregory S. Coleman, Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP, Austin, TX, for Appellant.
Glen W. Morgan, Reaud, Morgan & Qu-nin, Inc., Beaumont, TX, for Appellee.
Panel consists of Justices TAFT, JENNINGS, and HANKS.

Opinion:
OPINION
TERRY JENNINGS, Justice.
By petition for writ of mandamus, relator, Supportkids, Inc. (Supportkids), challenges the trial court's orders of July 3, 2002 and July 24, 2002, imposing sanctions on Supportkids for failing to timely and fully answer two interrogatories propounded by the real party in interest, Cynthia Morris (Morris). In its sole issue, Sup-portkids contends that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing "unjust and excessive" sanctions and that it has no adequate remedy by appeal.
We conditionally grant the petition for writ of mandamus, in part.
Facts and Procedural Background
In 1999, Morris signed a contract with Supportkids to retain its services in collecting unpaid child support owed to her by her ex-husband. Morris subsequently sought to cancel the parties' contract, and, following a dispute between the parties, Morris filed the underlying lawsuit against Supportkids, in which she alleged causes of action for, among other things, violations of the Texas Debt Collection Act.
During the course of the litigation, Morris propounded the following two interrogatories to Supportkids:
1. Identify all lawsuits involving [Sup-portkids] from 1991 to the present. Please include the caption of the case and the court in which such action is pending.
2. Identify and provide the addresses of all persons with whom [Support-kids] has entered into a contract in Texas for the purpose of collecting past due child support from 1991 to the present.
In its answer to interrogatory number one, Supportkids provided no responsive information, but objected to the interrogatory on the grounds that it was "overbroad, unduly burdensome, harassing and not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence." Supportkids answered interrogatory number two similarly, and made an additional objection that the interrogatory was "an invasion of property rights."
Morris subsequently filed a motion to compel Supportkids to answer these interrogatories, and on February 12, 2002, the trial court signed an order granting Mor ris's motion to compel. In its order, however, the trial court narrowed the scope of the information Supportkids was ordered to produce to Morris as follows:
1. Identify all lawsuits of [Supportkids] involving the collection of child support in a wrongful or tortious manner or the collection of fees in a wrongful or tortious manner from 1995 to the present. Please include the caption of the case and the court in which such action is pending.
2. Identify the names of all persons with whom [Supportkids] has entered into a contract in Texas for the purpose of collecting past due child support from 1991 to the present and who also complained to or about [Supportkids] to [Support-kids] or a third-party which made [Supportkids] aware of the complaint.
(Emphasis added.)
Supportkids filed a petition for writ of mandamus in this Court, challenging the trial court's February 12, 2002 order, and we denied mandamus relief on April 4, 2002. During the pendency of this first original proceeding before this Court, Sup-portkids filed a motion to stay the enforcement of the trial court's February 12, 2Ó02 order. The trial court denied that motion. Supportkids then filed a petition for writ of mandamus and a motion for emergency stay of the trial court's February 12, 2002 order in the Texas Supreme Court. The petition and motion for stay were both denied, without opinion, on May 30, 2002.
Morris subsequently filed a motion requesting that the trial court compel Sup-portkids to answer the interrogatories and sanction Supportkids for its failure to do so. On July 1, 2002, Supportkids faxed its supplemental answers to the interrogatories, as narrowed by the trial court's February 12, 2002 order, to counsel for Morris. In its supplemental answer to interrogatory number one, Supportkids provided the captions of four lawsuits filed against it and identified the courts in which three of those suits were pending. Supportkids did not list the cause numbers of the lawsuits listed. In its supplemental answer to interrogatory number two, Supportkids provided the names of 29 persons. Support-kids did not include Morris on this list and did not verify the supplemental answers. On July 3, 2002, the trial court conducted a hearing on Morris's motions to compel and for sanctions. At the conclusion of that hearing, the trial court ordered Sup-portkids to "completely and fully" answer interrogatory number one and to "clean up" its answer. In addition, the trial court ordered that "as a [s]anction," Supportkids was required to answer interrogatory number two in the scope in which the interrogatory was originally written. Specifically, the trial court ordered Support-kids to "identify and provide the addresses and phone numbers . of all persons with whom [Supportkids] has entered into a contract in Texas for the purpose of collecting past due child support from 1991 to the present." The trial court also ordered Supportkids to pay Morris $2,500 in attorney's fees as an additional sanction.
On July 24, 2002, the trial court held a compliance hearing. At the hearing, counsel for Supportkids conceded that, as a result of his own misunderstanding of the trial court's ruling, Supportkids had not produced the information regarding its client list that it was ordered to produce. The trial court found that Supportkids had not complied with the July 3, 2002 order, ordered Supportkids to comply with the order, and sanctioned Supportkids an additional $7,500 in attorney's fees.
Analysis
In its sole issue, Supportkids argues that the trial court abused its discretion in its July 3 and July 24, 2002 orders requiring Supportkids to produce to Morris a list of all of its Texas clients from 1991 to the present, as well as those clients' names, addresses, and phone numbers, as a sanction for discovery abuse. Supportkids also challenges the trial court's orders requiring Supportkids to pay Morris $10,000 in attorney's fees.
Standard of Review
Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy, which is available when a trial court clearly abuses its discretion and when there is no adequate remedy on appeal. Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840-44 (Tex.1992); In re Kellogg Brown & Root, 7 S.W.3d 655, 657 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, orig. proceeding). An appellate court cannot cure a trial court's error, and a party does not have an adequate remedy by appeal, where a discovery order imposes a burden on a producing party far out of proportion to any benefit that may obtain to the requesting party. Walker, 827 S.W.2d at 843.
When a trial court finds that a party has abused the discovery process in answering interrogatories, Rule 215 authorizes the trial court to impose an appropriate sanction. Tex.R. Civ. P. 215.1(d), 215.3. However, any sanctions imposed under Rule 215 must be just under the circumstances. Tex.R. Civ. P. 215.2(b); In re Ford Motor Co., 988 S.W.2d 714, 718 (Tex.1998); TransAmerican Natural Gas Corp. v. Powell, 811 S.W.2d 913, 917 (Tex.1991).
When determining whether the sanctions a trial court imposes are just, we must consider two factors. First, we consider whether there is a direct relationship between the offensive conduct and the sanctions. In re Ford, 988 S.W.2d at 718; TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917 ("[T]he sanctions the trial court imposes must relate directly to the abuse found."). This analysis necessarily requires determining whether the underlying conduct actually constitutes an abuse of the discovery process. Second, we consider whether the sanctions are excessive. In re Ford, 988 S.W.2d at 718; TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917 ("A sanction imposed for discovery abuse should be no more severe than necessary to satisfy its legitimate purposes. It follows that a court must consider the availability of less stringent sanctions and whether such lesser sanctions would fully promote compliance."). We apply these guidelines in assessing the sanctions imposed by the trial court in this case.
Compliance with February 12, 2002 Order
The record indicates that Support-kids did not comply with the trial court's February 12, 2002 order in all respects. Supportkids did not (1) provide the information within 30 days of the date of the order, following the denial of its motions for a stay of the order, (2) provide the trial court information for one of the lawsuits listed in its answer to interrogatory number one, (3) include Morris's name in its answer to interrogatory number two, and (4) verify its answers.
The trial court, in its July 3, 2002 order, required Supportkids, as a sanction, to produce its entire Texas client list. The trial court expressed on the record that it ordered this sanction in response to Sup-portkids' failure to "completely and fully" comply with the February 12, 2002 order. Thus, it appears that this sanction was "directly related" to the alleged offensive conduct.
As to whether this sanction was excessive, Morris argues that, in light of the variety of sanctions the trial court could have chosen, it merely required Support-kids to produce otherwise discoverable information, and the sanction was not excessive. We disagree.
In its belated answers to interrogatory number two, Supportkids identified only 29 former clients, not including Morris, who had complained directly or indirectly about Supportkids' services since 1991. The trial court's sanction, requiring Supportkids to produce a list of approximately 18,000 additional names, addresses, and telephone numbers was extremely harsh. The sanction was far more severe than necessary to appropriately deter Supportkids from future discovery abuse. In fact, when first presented with the question of whether such information was discoverable, the trial court considerably narrowed the scope of the information discoverable by Morris, as reflected in the court's February 12, 2002 order. Moreover, the record indicates that the trial court did not consider either the availability of less stringent sanctions or whether such lesser sanctions would fully promote compliance.
Accordingly, we hold that the portion of the trial court's July 3, 2002 order compelling Supportkids to produce, as a sanction, the addresses and phone numbers of all persons with whom it has entered into a contract in Texas for the purpose of collecting past due child support from 1991 to the present was an excessive sanction and constituted an abuse of discretion. Furthermore, because the sanction compels the production of information that imposes a burden on Supportkids "far out of proportion to any benefit" that may obtain to Morris, we hold that Supportkids does not have an adequate remedy by appeal to cure the error. See Walker, 827 S.W.2d at 843.
As noted above, in its July 24, 2002 order, the trial court found that Support-kids had failed to comply with the court's July 3, 2002 order. The trial court again ordered Supportkids to produce, within one week, the information concerning its clients, and further ordered Supportkids to pay the Chambers County District Clerk, as a sanction, $5,000 per day "until these materials are provided to [Morris's] counsel."
Because we have held that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering Supportkids to produce, as a sanction, the addresses and phone numbers of all persons with whom it has entered into a contract in Texas for the purpose of collecting past due child support from 1991 to the present, we further hold that the portions of the trial court's July 24, 2002 order requiring Supportkids to produce the same information and imposing a potential daily sanction of $5,000 also constituted an abuse of discretion for which Supportkids does not have an adequate remedy by appeal.
Attorney's Fees
In its July 3 and July 24, 2002 orders, as additional sanctions, the trial court ordered Supportkids to pay Morris $10,000 as attorney's fees. Under Rule 215, an award of attorney's fees as a sanction for abuse of discovery is subject to review on appeal from the final judgment. Tex.R. Civ. P. 215.3; In re Ford, 988 S.W.2d at 722. Thus, we hold that Supportkids has an adequate remedy by appeal from the trial court's award of attorney's fees, and we do not address the propriety of the portions of the trial court's July 3 and July 24, 2002 orders awarding Morris these attorney's fees.
Conclusion
We conditionally grant the petition for writ of mandamus, in part, and order the trial court to vacate the portions of its orders of July 3 and July 24, 2002(1) requiring Supportkids to produce the addresses and phone numbers of all persons with whom it has entered into a contract in Texas for the purpose of collecting past due child support from 1991 to the present, and (2) imposing a potential daily sanction of $5,000 for non-compliance. We deny the petition for wilt of mandamus as to all other portions of the trial court's July 3 and July 24, 2002 orders. We also lift our stay. We will issue the writ only if the trial court fails to comply.
. Relator was formerly known as "Child Support Enforcement, Inc."
. The Hon. Chap B. Cain, III, judge of the 253rd Judicial District Court of Chambers County, presided over the underlying cause, styled Cyntha Morris v. Child Support Enforcement, Inc. and Supportkids, Inc., cause number 19,150.
. Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.001-392.404 (Vernon 1998 & Supp.2004).
. In re Supportkids, Inc., F/KJA Child Support Enforcement, Inc., No. 01-02-00278-CV, 2002 WL 501629 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] April 4, 2002, orig. proceeding) (not designated for publication).
. The Texas Supreme Court denied Support-kids' motion for rehearing on June 28, 2002.
. The trial court also ordered that, if Support-kids did not produce the information concerning its client list by July 31, 2002, it would be sanctioned at a rate of $5,000 per day for each day thereafter that the information was not produced, with such funds being made payable to the Chambers County District Clerk.