Case Name: Morris versus Garrison
Court: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania
Decision Date: 1856
Citations: 27 Pa. 226
Docket Number: 
Parties: Morris versus Garrison.
Judges: 
Reporter: Pennsylvania State Reports
Volume: 27
Pages: 226–228

Head Matter:
Morris versus Garrison.
Any person who has a direct interest in the cause and against whom the judgment may he pleaded as an estoppel, may appeal from an award of arbitrators, whether named on the record or not.
In any case where a married woman has a right to be heard, her husband may appear and act for her without a power of attorney.
A ward is not concluded or estopped by a judgment against the guardian, in an action brought upon the promise of the latter to pay for the education and maintenance of the ward, and neither the ward nor her husband, if a female, can appeal from an award made in such action.
A judgment in such action binds only the guardian, and not the ward’s estate.
The Orphans’ Court has exclusive jurisdiction to settle accounts between a guardian and ward, and in such settlement the ward may contest a judgment, recovered against the guardian as such, both as to its fairness and amount.
Error to the Common Pleas of Gf-reene county.
This was an action of assumpsit, brought by Lucretia Morris against Abner Garrison, guardian of Lucretia Morris. Levi Morris, the husband of the plaintiff, and the father of the ward, died on the 20th January, 1842. His daughter Lucretia was theu eight or nine years of age. The defendant was appointed her guardian on the 18th June, 1849. The ward continued to reside with her mother, by whom she was boarded, clothed, and the expenses of her education paid, until the daughter was married in 1853 to Columbus Hardin. The plaintiff proved upon the trial that the guardian had told her to go on and keep and educate the ward, and he would see her paid for it, and that in pursuance of this, she had sent the ward to school some six years.
The cause was referred to arbitrators under the Compulsory Arbitration Law, who made an award of $902 in favour'of the plaintiff. From this award, the guardian refused to appeal. Columbus Hardin, the husband of the ward, presented his petition to the court, and was allowed to take an appeal in the cause. There was a rule on the defendant to show cause why this appeal should not be stricken off. Garrison appeared and alleged that he had not In any manner authorized the appeal to be taken, and agreed that it might be stricken off, but this was resisted by Hardin’s counsel, and the court refused to quash the appeal, or permit the guardian to discontinue it. The cause went to trial and resulted in a verdict for defendant.
The plaintiff sued out this writ, and {inter alia) assigned for error that the Court erred in permitting Columbus Hardin to appeal, and in refusing to quash the appeal or permit Garrison to discontinue it.
Purman, for plaintiff in error.
Lindsey and Minor (with whom was Rowe), for defendant in error.

Opinion:
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Black, J.
Lucretia Morris was the minor daughter of Abner Morris, deceased. She had Abner Garrison for her guardian, and took Columbus Hardin for her husband. After her marriage the guardian admitted, in the'presence of a witness, that he had made a contract with his w-ard's mother to pay for the maintenance and education she had received. Thereupon the mother brought this suit against the guardian. The cause was arbitrated, and an award made against the defendant for $902, from which the defendant refused to appeal. But the husband entered an appeal, which the court refused to strike off.
Any party who has an interest in the cause, though he be not named on the record, may appeal from an award of arbitrators. But this interest must be a direct one, like that (for instance) which a landlord has in an ejectment against his tenant. One against whom the judgment cannot be pleaded by way of estoppel, has no right to come between parties who, are concluded by it. Whenever the rights which a third person might have in a judgment or' against it are open to inquiry in a collateral proceeding, he is excluded from the right of appeal. He has his remedy, and it is not necessary that he should thrust himself between persons who choose to have their, affairs settled in a different way. A creditor, before he obtains judgment, has a very plain and palpable interest in preventing another creditor from recovering a claim which will exhaust the property of the debtor. But a creditor so situated' cannot appeal, nor in any way interfere, even for the purpose of showing fraudulent collusion; nor can he have the judgment opened so that he may make the defence which the debtor himself ought to have made: he can only wait until the funds of the debtor come into court for distribution, and then show the dishonesty of the judgment as against himself. The plaintiff and defendant have a right to contest the matters in dispute between themselves in their own way, or to have no contest at all, if they prefer it. A suit between them is no place to settle the disputes-which third persons may have with one or both of them. If the. defendant, at any stage of this case, had tendered a confession of judgment, I know not upon what principle the court could have-prevented the plaintiff from accepting it. He did in effect do so when he asked .the appeal to be stricken off, the plaintiff, having previously made the same demand, But his refusal to appeal, and his motion to have the appeal dismissed after it was taken by another, were acts which he did at his own proper peril. If there was unfair collusion it was a fraud upon himself, not upon the' ward. The judgment which he was so anxious to givewould have bound his own estate, but not hers. He was still to meet her in the Orphans' Court, and show there that his conduct in making the promise and permitting the award to stand was consistent with all due fidelity to his trust. Such a judgment as this would have been, if he had been left to himself, must have greatly weakened instead of strengthening his claim to a credit.
Nothing can be better settled as a general rule than this: That a person who has a right to appeal from a judgment, to conduct the trial in' its different stages and to take a writ of error, is concluded by the -final decision of it. If the ward, therefore, could rightfully do what her husband in her right did in this cause, a judgment for the plaintiff would have been an estoppel in the Orphans' Court. Having been once heard in the Common Pleas, she- had no right to be heard again. The result of allowing a ward to appear in such a case would then be to change the forum for settling a guardian's accounts, contrary to that law which gives the exclusive jurisdiction of such subjects to the Orphans' Court.
, Eor these reasons we think the intervention of Hardin was erroneously permitted in the court below, -and of course it follows that all the evidence of collusion between the real parties to the suit should have been excluded.
We are clear that in any case where a married woman has a right to be heard, her husband may be heard in her place. What she may do in any judicial proceeding, he may do for her without a power of attorney.
We repeat, that any judgment which the plaintiff could have recovered in this case would have bound the defendant himself and his own estate, but his ward would have been just as safe after-wards as before.
And now, to wit, 8th January, 1857, it is here considered and adjudged by the Supreme Court, that the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas be reversed, and that the appeal taken by Columbus Hardin from the award of arbitrators be quashed, and that the award against the defendant stand in full force.