Case Name: Yvonne W. ALEX, Plaintiff, v. GEN. ELEC. CO; Gale O'Gorman, Human Res. Manager; Diane Vavrasek, Human Res. Representative/Union Relations; and Michele Lanoue, Operator, Bucket Assembly, Defendants
Court: United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2016-03-14
Citations: 149 F. Supp. 3d 253
Docket Number: 1:12-CV-1021 (GTS/CFH)
Parties: Yvonne W. ALEX, Plaintiff, v. GEN. ELEC. CO; Gale O’Gorman, Human Res. Manager; Diane Vavrasek, Human Res. Representative/Union Relations; and Michele Lanoue, Operator, Bucket Assembly, Defendants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Federal Supplement 3d
Volume: 149
Pages: 253–287

Head Matter:
Yvonne W. ALEX, Plaintiff, v. GEN. ELEC. CO; Gale O’Gorman, Human Res. Manager; Diane Vavrasek, Human Res. Representative/Union Relations; and Michele Lanoue, Operator, Bucket Assembly, Defendants.
1:12-CV-1021 (GTS/CFH)
United States District Court, N.D. New York.
Signed March 14, 2016
Eric Sanders, Esq., the Sanders Firm, PC, Counsel for Plaintiff, 1140 Avenue of the Americas, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10036
John E. Higgins, Esq., Jackson Lewis P.C., Counsel for Management Defendants, 18 Corporate Woods Blvd., 3rd Floor, Albany, NY Í2211
Glen P. Doherty, Esq., McNamee, Lo-chner, Titus & Williams, P.C., Counsel for Hourly Defendants, 677. Broadway, Albany, NY 12207-25.03 .

Opinion:
DECISION and ORDER
GLENN TV SUDDÁBY, Chief United States District Judge
Currently before the Court, in this employment discrimination action filed by Yvonne W. Alex ("Plaintiff') against General Electric Company and three of its employees, are the following two motions: (1) a motion for summary judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 filed by Defendant Michele Lanoue; and (2) a motion for summary .judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 filed by General Electric Company, Gale O'Gorman and Diane Vavrasek (the "Management Defendants"). (Dkt. Nos. 79, 81.) For the reasons set forth below, both motions are granted.
I. RELEVANT BACKGROUND
A. Plaintiff's Amended Complaint
Generally, in her Amended Complaint, Plaintiff, an African-American woman who began working at Defendant General Electric in November 1981, alleges that, starting at some, point in 2008 and continuing until her termination on September 20, 2011, she was repeatedly discriminated against based.on her race by Defendant Lanoue and other co-workers at General Electric ("GE"), whose management either did not believe Plaintiffs complaints or simply refused to fully investigate those complaints, instead reassigning her and then terminating her. (Dkt. No. 4.) Because this Decision and Order is intended primarily for the review of the parties, the Court will not recite in detail the remaining factual allegations of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint. Rather, the Court will refer the reader to the Amended Complaint m its entirety. (Id.) ,
Following the Court's Decision and Orders of March 31, 2014, and June 4, 2014, four claims remain in this action: (1) Plaintiffs hostile-work-environment claim against Defendant Lanoue under 42 U.S.C. § 1981; (2) the portion of Plaintiffs retaliation claim against Defendant General Electric under Title VII that arises from Plaintiffs termination; (3) the portion of Plaintiff's retaliation claim against Defen dants General Electric, Vavrasek and O'Gorman under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 that arises from Plaintiffs termination; and (4) the'portion of Plaintiffs retaliation claim against Defendants General Electric, Vav-rasek and O'Gorman under N.Y; Exec. Law § 296 that arises from Plaintiffs termination. (Dkt. Nos. 48, 62.)
B. Parties' Briefing of Defendant La-noue's Motion for Summary Judgment
Generally, in her memorandum of law in chief, Defendant Lanoue asserts the following five arguments: (1) Plaintiff has failed to adduce' admissible record evidence establishing that Lanoue's' alleged conduct was related to Plaintiffs race as opposed to "political differences" over President Obama; (2) even if motivated by race, the five alleged incidents of enmity relied on by Plaintiff over a two-year period (i.e., Lanoue's' posting of a depiction of a handgun on the top of her toolbox, La-noue's operation of pass buckets knowing that Plaintiff was inspecting a turbine, La-noue's unexplained presence in a locker room while Plaintiff was there, Lanoue's statement "the woman of color, I just want to grab her heck and slam her against the wall," and 'Lanoue's cutting in front of Plaintiff and forcing her to the side óf a public roa'd in an automobile) were sporadic and infrequent; (3) similarly, the afore'mentioned incidents of enmity were not sufficient severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of Plaintiffs employment, especially given that the racial epithet allegedly used by Lanoue (i.e., "N — ") was not used in Plaintiffs presence; (4)- Lanoue's alleged conduct, which was unaccompanied by a single spoken word to Plaintiff, was not- sufficiently physically threatening or humiliating; and (5) finally, Lanoue's alleged conduct did not unreasonably interfere with Plaintiffs work performance. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 1 [Def. Lanoue's Memo, of Law].)
Generally, in her opposition memorandum of law, Plaintiff asserts the following seven arguments; (1) Plaintiffs allegation that Defendant Lanoue attempted to intimidate her by posting depictions of firearms in the workplace and holding up pictures of shooting' magazines as Plaintiff walked by are supported by Paragraphs 33 and 34 of the affidavit of Carol-Adams; (2) Plaintiffs allegation that the picture of a handgun on the top of Defendant Lanoue's toolbox was related to Plaintiffs race is supported by Paragraph 28 of the affidavit of Ms. Adams, because that paragraph states that Ms. Adams personally observed Lanoue- post depictions of "Miss Piggy," which Ms. Adams interpreted as a reference to both Plaintiff and "fat Black woman stereotyping such as Aunt Jemima"; (3) Plaintiffs allegation, that Defendant La-noue intentionally pushed the. button that caused the turbine to roll is supported by Plaintiffs deposition testimony Lanoue saw Plaintiff arrive at the turbine to perform an inspection; (4) Plaintiffs allegation that Defendant Lanoue's presence in the locker room was harassment is supported by the asserted point of law that "harassment is based on the victim's experience!,] not the intent of the harasser"; (5) Plaintiffs allegation that Defendant Lanoue's. use of the term "woman of color" was derogatory is supported by Lanoue's "other related conduct," her 'decisión not to simply use Plaintiffs name, and the fact that the assertedly analogous term "boy" is derogatory; (6) contrary to Defendant' Lanoue's argument that there is no evidence that the automobile incident ever occurred, there is such evidence — Plaintiffs deposition testimony; and (7) contrary to Defendant Lanoue's argument conduct does not have to be accompanied by spoken words to be threatening of humiliating. (Dkt. No. '88, Attach, 23 [Plf.'s Opp'n Memo, of Law].)
Generally, in her reply memorandum of law, Defendant Lanoue asserts the following four arguments: (1) Plaintiff has failed to show that there is a genuine issue of any material fact through her affidavit because it contains only (a) naked denials of her opponents' deposition testimony and (b) assertions that conflict with her own prior deposition testimony; (2) Plaintiff has failed to show that there is a genuine issue of any material fact through the late-blossoming affidavit of Carol Adams because, the assertions in that affidavit (a) are con-clusory and speculative and contain conjecture, (b) lack the requisite specificity, (c) are inadmissible hearsay, (d) are not related to race, (e) contradict Plaintiffs prior deposition testimony and/or (f) are barred by the law-of-the-case doctrine (which effectively prohibits consideration of evidence regarding "Miss Piggy" as immaterial to Plaintiffs surviving claim against Defendant Lanoue); (3) in any event, Plaintiff has failed.to show that there is a genuine issue of any material fact through the evidence she proffers because it does not demonstrate that she witnessed the events that Adams , references, and therefore the events could not have affected Plaintiffs work environment; and (4) Defendant Lanoue's statement of material facts must be deemed admitted pursuant to Local Rule 7.1(a)(3), because (a) Plaintiff s responses are not supported by specific citations to the record but by broad citations to exhibits or depositions that fail to pinpoint where the support for the denial actually lies and/or '(b) Plaintiffs responses improperly interject arguments or conclusions that are immaterial to a Rule 7.1 Response. (Dkt. No. 94 [Def. Lanoue's Reply Memo, of Law].)
C. Parties' Briefing of the Management Defendants' Second Motion for Summary Judgment
Generally, in their memorandum of law in chief, the Management Defendants assert the following three arguments: (1) Plaintiff cannot meet her initial burden of establishing a prima facie case of retaliation, because she cannot establish either (a) that her activity (of repeatedly engaging in unprofessional, insubordinate, and disrespectful conduct toward her supervisors and other GE employees) was protected under any statute, or (b) that there was a ca/usal connection between any such protected activity and her termination for insubordination and improper behavior at work; (2) in any event, GE has clearly met its resulting burden of adducing admissible record evidence of legitimate, non-discriminatory and non-retaliatory reasons for terminating Plaintiffs employment (i,e., her violation of GE's Schenectady Plant work rules through her chronic inability to behave in a professional manner in the workplace, her consistent use of race-based identifiers against colleagues and co-workers, and her refusal to do work given to her by her supervisors multiple times, after she had been given a final written warning that such conduct would result in termination if it continued); and (3) finally, Plaintiff cannot meet her resulting burden of establishing that, "but for" her protected activity, she would not have been terminated (i.e., she cannot adduce admissible evidence that the Management Defendants' • proffered reasons for terminating Plaintiffs employment were merely a pretext for retaliation). (Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 23 [Mgmt. Defs.' Memo, of Law].)
Generally, in her opposition memorandum of law, Plaintiff devotes only a page and a half to responding to the Management Defendants' arguments. (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 23, at 25-26 [Plf.'s Opp'n Memo, of Law].) Liberally construed, Plaintiffs response to the Management Defendants' first argument (i.e., that she cannot establish a prima facie case of retaliation) ar gues that she can "easily demonstrate" the two elements in question (i.e., that her activity was protected and that there was a causal connection between it and her termination) through (1) "[a] detailed review" of the Management Defendants "Rule 56.1" Statement [sic] and accompanying exhibits, which evidence "the Sham Investigations undertaken in this matter," and (2) the lack of evidence suggesting that she was not "a long-time valued employee" before she started complaining about racial discrimination. (Id.) Moreover, Plaintiffs response to the Management Defendants' second and third arguments (i.e., that GE has articulated a legitimate, non-discriminatory and n'on-retaliatory reason for Plaintiffs termination, and that she cannot establish a "but for" causal connection between her protected activity and termination)' advances the same argument. (Id.)
Generally, in their reply memorandum of law, the Management Defendants assert the following three arguments: (1) in her Local Rule 7.1 Response, Plaintiff has admitted and/or failed to controvert all of the properly supported facts' asserted in the Management Defendants' Local Rule 7.1 Statement of Material Facts; (2) at the very least, the Management Defendants have met their modest' initial burden on a motion for summary judgment (i.e., informing the Court- of the basis for its motion and identifying those portions of the record demonstrating the absence of any genuine issue of material fact) and Plaintiff has effectively consented to the granting of that motion by failing to specifically respond to any of the three facially meritorious legal arguments asserted by the Management - Defendants in their memorandum of law in chief; and (3) Plaintiff has not offered admissible evidence of "but for'i causation or other admissible evidence of pretext regarding the reasons for terminating her, but merely the hearsay, speculative and/or conclusory assertions of herself and Carol Adams, in violation of Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(4). (Dkt. No. 96 [Mgmt. Defs/ Reply Memo, of Law].)
D. Statement of Material Facts for Purposes of Deféndant Lanoue's Motion
Unless otherwise noted, the following facts were asserted by Defendant Lanoue and supported by an accurate record citation in her Rule 7.1 Statement and either expressly admitted by Plaintiff or denied without an accurate record citation in her Rule 7.1 Response. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11 [Déf. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response].)
Background
1. Plaintiff, who is African-American, commenced employment with GE in 19¡81.
2. Plaintiff-held a variety of positions during her tenure with GE, including the position of D21 Inspector, which she held from 2000 until her termination on September 20, 2011.
3. Defendant Lanoue, who is Caucasian, commenced employment with GE in 2000, and worked for the company, until October 3, 2012.
4. Defendant Lanoue held a variety of positions during her tenure with GE, including a position in Bucket Assembly, which she held from 2008 to her separation from employment.
5. Throughout their overlapping tenures, Plaintiff and Defendant Lanoue spoke on only one occasion, at which time less than eight words were exchanged.
6. This sole communication was about paperwork regarding Plaintiff's inspection of certain work performed by Defendant Lanoue.
7. Sometime in 2009, Plaintiff perceived the development of a dispute between herself and Defendant Lanoue.
8. According to' Plaintiff, the basis for this alleged dispute was that she was a "strong supporter" of President Obama while at work, and Defendant Lanoue "made or participated in derogatory statements and remarks about the President arid the First Lady."
9. Also according to Plaintiff, this dispute transformed to differences between Plaintiff and Defendant Lanoue regarding Plaintiff's racé, even though Lanoue had a similar dispute' with Judy Bennett (who was Caucasian).
10. Finally, according to Plaintiff, this transformation took place in the absence of personal communications between herself arid Defendant Lanoue.
11. Plaintiff made various complaints with GE against Defendant Lanoue (as she did against numerous other GE employees); and, to the extent that Plaintiff's complaints against Lanoue overlap with the allegations at issue in this lawsuit, GE investigated the complaints but did not substantiate them.
12. Following her'termination, Plairitiff commenced this action alleging eleven counts of discrimination and retaliation.
13. In addition' to suing her employer, GE, Plaintiff asserted claims against thirteen individuals, including her non-supervisory co-worker, Defendant Lanoue; Plaintiff sued Lanoue under eight separate claims.
14. Defendant Lanoue moved to dismiss the lawsuit against her, and the Court dismissed all but one claim of that lawsuit, leaving a single cause of action under Section 1981 for hostile work environment based on race.
15. More specifically, the Court dismissed five (5) claims against Defendant Lanoue in its Decision and Order of March 31, 2014, and it dismissed two (2) claims against Lanoue in its Decision and Order of June 4, 2014.
16. In rendering its Decision and Order of March 31, 2014, the Court reviewed the 15 allegations made by Plaintiff against Defendant Lanoue.
17. Following its review of these allegations, the Court concluded that most of the assertions were simply not relevant to Plaintiffs Section 1981 claim:
Many of these factual allegations are of little significance to Plaintiffs Section 1981 hostile-work-environment claim against Defendant Lanoue. For example, the allegations regarding "Miss Piggy" and the making of "pig sounds" plausibly suggest slurs regarding Plaintiffs gender and/or weight, not her race. Moreover, the allegation regarding the "Jerk; in the Box" t-shirt does not appear to plausibly suggest a racial slur. Furthermore, even if racial in nature, certain of slurs and epithets (e.g., regarding Michele Obama, Chief Justice Sotomayor) were not directed at Plaintiff. Similarly, while definitely racial in nature, certain of the other slurs and epithets (e.g., regarding Barrack Obama and Jeffrey Walton) were again not directed at Plaintiff.
18.Furthermore, the Court concluded that it was possible, at least at that preliminary stage of the litigation, that the few remaining allegations supported a hostile work environment claim based on race:
However, more troubling is. the fact that, based on Plaintiffs factual allegations, (1) the alleged' conduct was often physically threatening in nature (involving an allusion to guns, "lying in wait," an expression of a violent desire, and near misses by a turbine blade and automobile), (2) the alleged conduct instilled in Plaintiff a fear of physical harm (of which she twice complained to superiors), and (3) the allegéd conduct was accompanied by a racial animus toward Blacks in general, if not Plaintiff in particular (as "the woman of color"). While it is arguable that the conduct was motivated by a dislike of Plaintiff for nonracial reasons (e.g., based on her gender, weight, political views, or personality), it is also plausible that Defendant Lanoue's conduct was motivated by a dislike of Plaintiff based on her race.
For these reasons, the Court concludes that, liberally construed, Plaintiffs Amended Complaint has stated a hostile-work-environment claim against Defendant Lanoue under Section 1981. However, again, Plaintiffs Amended Complaint has failed to state a hostile-work-environment claim against the other Hourly Defendants.
19. The Court's Decision and Order of March 31, 2014, cited six allegations contained in the Amended Complaint that could possibly support a. claim for hostile work' environment based on race against Defendant Lanoue: (1) an 'allegation regarding the posting of depictions of guns; (2) an allegation regarding the holding up pictures of shooting magazines; (3) an allegation regarding the operation of pass buckets; (4) an allegation regarding the locker room; (5) an allegation regarding a "woman of color" , comment; and (6) an allegation regarding an automobile incident.
20. These are the only allegations remaining in this lawsuit, because Plaintiff testified at her deposition that her Amended Complaint contains each and every allegation against Defendant Lanoue that supports her claim for a hostile work environment based on race.
21. Furthermore, at her deposition, Plaintiff elaborated on these six remaining allegations. ' '
22. Generally, in so doing, Plaintiff admitted the fol owing two facts: (1) certain of the incidents happened in a way different than that set forth in the Amended Complaint; and (2) certain of the allegations are not supported by admissible record evidence (other than her deposition testimony) but only conclusory statements, speculation and/or hearsay.
Alleged Posting of Depictions of Guns
23.' Paragraph 30 of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint alleges as follows: "defendant MICHELE LANOUE and decedent Frank Harris would post depictions of firearms, shooting magazines, etc."
24. At her deposition, Plaintiff testified that, while there was a picture of a handgun on the top of Defendant Lanoue's toolbox, Plaintiff never witnessed Lanoue personally post a depiction of a firearm or shooting magazine on a bulletin board or similar type of surface.
25. At her deposition, Defendant Lanoue testified that the picture of the handgun was there mostly because the handgun was "a Taurus brand," which she was interested in. purchasing (given that her Zodiac sign was Taurus). While Plaintiff testified that the picture was accompanied by words to the effect of "I'll keep my guns . you can keep the. ehange," no such slogan appears in-a photograph of the top of Defendant Lanoue's toolbox; however, a similar, slogan appears in a photograph of the top'of Frank Harris' toolbox.
26. Plaintiff testified that her wall "posting" allegation against Defendant Lanoue is based on the fact that Lanoue had access to the' area(s) in which certain postings appeared.
27. Plaintiff testified that numerous employees (including Frank Harris, Christopher Boniewski and Adam Shepherd) routinely hung up pictures of guns in their work areas.
28. Plaintiff testified in detail about how Frank Harris (deceased and not a party in this lawsuit), affixed pictures of gun's and shooting magazines to the top and sides of his toolbox.
.29. As indicated above, according to Plaintiff, the top of Defendant Lanoue's toolbox contained a picture of a handgun, along with other pictures and stickers having nothing to do with handguns or shooting magazines. .
30.Defendant Lanoue's toolbox was approximately four (4) feet high by two (2) feet wide.
31. Plaintiff testified that, while other guns at work appeared after people realized that Barack Obama was going to win the presidency, Plaintiff does not know precisely when the picture of the handgun on top of Defendant Lanoue's toolbox appeared. •
32. Plaintiff admits that no one forced her to look at the top of Defendant La-noue's toolbox, and that it was not a requirement of her job to view the top of the toolbox, but claims that the toolbox provided a flat surface for her to use as a writing table.
33. At her deposition, Plaintiff testified that her only evidence that the picture of the handgun on Defendant Lanoue's toolbox was directed at Plaintiff and/or was related to her race was the fact that (1) the picture appeared on top of the toolbox, (2) one or more unidentified coworkers told Plaintiff that Lanoue had referred to Plaintiff as "N — " behind her back, and (3) Lanoue left gun magazines in Plaintiffs area.
Alleged Holding up Pictures of Shooting Magazines
34. Paragraph 31 of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint alleges as follows: "defendant MICHELE LANOUE and decedent Frank Harris would hold up pictures of shooting magazines as she walked past them."
35. Plaintiffs co-worker, Carol Adams, personally observed • Defendant Lanoue hold up a picture of a shooting magazine as Plaintiff walked by in what Adams perceived was an attempt to intimidate [Plaintiff]." However, at her deposition, Plaintiff testified that she "never . ."saw [Defendant Lanoue] flash a picture of a gun at [her]."
Alleged,Operation of Pass Buckets
36. Paragraph 38 of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint alleges as follows: "on or about September 8, 2009, defendant MICHELE LANOUE intentionally operated pass buckets one on stage one and one on stage three in an unsafe manner whereas [plaintiff] had to quickly move to.avoid being struck on the head'by the blade she was inspecting on the turbine." '
37. At her deposition, Plaintiff gave á somewhat different version of the "pass buckets" incident. ' '*
38. Plaintiff testified that, when she arrived at the turbine to perform an inspection, she was seen by Defendant Lanoue, who was the only operator present at the time.
39. Plaintiff testified that, without exchanging any words with Defendant L¿-noue, Plaintiff proceeded to initiate her inspection work.
40. Plaintiff testified that, while she was conducting her inspection, the turbine moved approximately twelve (12) inches.
41. Plaintiff testified that, upon Plaintiff announcing, her . presence, a second operator (an unidentified male) appeared and informed Plaintiff that he was sorry and that he did not see her behind the turbine.
42. While Plaintiff testified that Defendant Lanoue must have pushed the button that moved the turbine because the second operator did not arrive until after the turbine started to move, she also testified that she was out of sight of both -Lanoue and the other operator when the turbine moved.
43. Plaintiff testified that her head was not inside the turbine -when it moved.
44. Plaintiff testified that her only evidence that this incident was related to her race was the fact that it happened, and that it was part of a "compilation" of behavior by Defendant Lanoue toward Plaintiff (specifically, .the fact that one or more unidentified co-workers told Plaintiff that Lanoue had referred to Plaintiff as "N — " behind her back, and the fact that Lanoue had allegedly "stalk[ed]" Plaintiff in the locker room, tried to "run [Plaintiff] off the road," and "offer[ed] to slam [Plaintiffs], head against a wall").
Alleged Locker Room Incident
45. Paragraph 59 of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint alleges as follows: "on or about June 22, 2010, defendant MICHELE LA-NOUE was lying in wait for [plaintiff] in the locker room."
46. At her deposition, Plaintiff gave a somewhat different version of the "locker room" incident.
47. Plaintiff testified that, while she was in the locker room, Defendant Lanoue walked into the locker room, went out of sight of Plaintiff, remained there for about five minutes, and then exited the locker room without speaking to Plaintiff.
48. Plaintiff testified that she had no knowledge of Defendant Lanoue's activities in the locker room, and admitted that Lanoue might have been using the toilet, taking a shower or even putting on makeup.
49. Plaintiff testified that her only evidence that this incident was related to her race was the fact that it happened: more specifically, when asked what'evidence she had that the incident was related to her race, Plaintiff testified, "Because the harassment was based on my race and [Lanoue's] presence in that bathroom constituted harassment."
50. Indeed, Plaintiff testified that her only physical evidence that this incident even happened is a secret photograph taken by Plaintiff (from inside the locker room) of Defendant Lanoue talking on her phone as Lanoue left the locker room.
Alleged "Woman of Color" Comment
51. Paragraph 61 of Plaintiffs Amended Complaint alleges as follows: "on or about September 13, 2010, while attending a company meeting, [plaintiff] overheard defendant MICHELE LANOUE telling Vincent Fusco and David Barlett "the woman of color, I just want to grab her neck and slam her against the wall" referring to plaintiff."
52. At her deposition, Plaintiff described an incident similar to the "woman of color" incident, but admitted that Defendant La-noue made no reference to her by name when allegedly making this statement.
53. Plaintiff testified that she was not a participant in this alleged conversation, and was "maybe three or four feet" behind Defendant Lanoue when the statement was allegedly made.
. 54. Plaintiff testified that, generally, the phrase "woman of color" is a descriptive term, referring to anyone who is nonwhite. . .
55. Plaintiff testified that she was not the only African American (or non-white) woman working in Building 273 at the time that Defendant Lanoue allegedly made the statement.
56. Notwithstanding her reference to Vincent Fusco and' David Barlett in her Amended Complaint; Plaintiff did not list either of thése individuals as a witness or person likely to have discoverable information.
Alleged Automobile Incident
57. Paragraph 87 of Piaintiffs Amended Complaint alleges as follows: "on or . about August 16, 2011, while on her way to work, an individual believed to be defendant MICHELE LANOUE sped up then suddenly cut off plaintiff in an attempt to cause her to lose control of the vehicle."
58. At her deposition, Plaintiff testified that she filed a criminal complaint against Defendant Lanoue with respect to ah incident allegedly taking place on a public road, but admits that no findings were ever made by the court, and that the judge dismissed the complaint.
59. Plaintiff testified that the judge dismissed the criminal complaint because "you guys got to the judge," apparently referring to GE.'
60. The sworn statement that Plaintiff submitted to the New York .State Police differs somewhat from the allegation contained in her Amended Complaint.
61. Specifically, in her sworn statement to the New York State Police, Plaintiff states as follows: "I saw the truck next to me and on my left side. I am unable to say if the truck crossed into my lane at that time. I continued driving and I was beginning to prepare to pull to the side of the road and stop when the truck sped up and pulled in front of me." ,
62. At her deposition, Plaintiff testified that her only evidence that the incident was related to her race was the fact that one or more unidentified co-workers told Plaintiff that Defendant Lanoue had referred to Plaintiff as "N- — " behind her back.
63. Indeed, Plaintiff testified that she has no physical evidence that the incident even happened.
64. The six above-referenced alleged incidents occurred over approximately a two-year period.
65. Defendant Lanoue's alleged behavior does not consist of a single spoken word to Plaintiff.
B. Statement of Material Facts for Purposes of the Management Defendants' Second Motion for Summary Judgment
Unless otherwise noted, the following facts were asserted by the Management Defendants and supported by an accurate record citation in their Rule 7.1 Statement and either expressly admitted by Plaintiff or denied without an accurate record citation in her Rule 7.1 Response. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response].)
Management Defendants' First Motion for Summary Judgment
1. On November 2, 2012, in lieu of an Answer, the Management Defendants timely filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiffs Amended Complaint pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) and/or for summary judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56.
2. In support of that motion, the Management Defendants filed a Declaration of John E. Higgins ("Higgins' 11/2/12 Declaration"), a Declaration of Diane Vavrasek ("Vavrasek's Declaration"), a memorandum of law ("GE's Initial Memorandum"), and a Statement of Material Facts.
3. As part of that motion, the Management Defendants argued, inter alia, that all of Plaintiffs retaliation claims should be dismissed based on the undisputed evidence before the Court.
4. That part of the motion was directed not only at Plaintiffs claim that she was unlawfully transferred "in or around February 26, 2010, . from the Bucket Assembly Area [of GE's Schenectady, New York, manufacturing facility] to the Rotor Mag Test Area ." but at any claim of unlawful retaliation related to Plaintiffs termination.
5. More specifically, the Management Defendants argued that they were entitled to summary judgment on plaintiffs termination-based retaliation claims (before the conduct of discovery) for the following reasons: (a) "Plaintiff cannot establish a prima facie case of retaliation with respect to her termination"; (b) "Defendant GE had legitimate, nondiscriminatory, and nonretaliato-ry reasons for terminating plaintiffs employment"; (c) "Defendant GE's reasons for terminating plaintiff are not pretextual"; and (d) "[e]ven if plaintiff could prove that a retaliatory motive played a part in GE's termination decision, her retaliation claim would still fail, as a matter of law," because "GE ha[d] offered irrefutable record evidence . that it would have made the same decision to terminate [plaintiffs] employment as a result of her egregious misconduct, regardless of whether a retaliatory motive existed or not."
6. Plaintiff "failed to file either an affidavit of her own, or any other evidence in opposition to the Management Defendants' summary judgment motions, and she . failed to file a counter-statement of material facts in dispute, as required by Local Rule 7.1(a)(1)."
The Court's Decision and Order of March 31, 2014
7. In its Decision and Order of March 31,2014, ruling on the Management Defendants" first motion for summary judgment, the Court found that "Plaintiffs counsel . made the strategic' and perilous decision to respond'to the Management Defendants' motion for summary judgment not with evidence in Plaintiffs custody or control but with merely a vague and concluso-ry Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(d) declaration."
8. Moreover, the Court rejected the Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(d) request made by Plaintiff, and accepted "the factual assertions in the Management Defendants' Statement of Material Facts, and their alternative ground for dismissal" under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 on all of Plaintiffs claims against the Management Defendants other than her termination-based retaliation claims.
9. As a result, the Court dismissed all of Plaintiffs claims for race discrimination and racial harassment, as well as for sex discrimination and sexual harassment, as against all Defendants (except Defendant Lanoue).
10. In doing so, the Court found that, "in response to Plaintiffs complaints, supervisors (including two females) [i.e,, Vavrasek and O'Gorman] repeatedly met with Plaintiff, repeatedly conducted investigations, suspended Frank Hams and Defendant Lanoue without pay for a week, gave Harris and Lanoue a Final Written Warning, separated Plaintiff and Harris, [and] separated Plaintiff and Lanoue."
11. The Court also specifically found that "Plaintiffs termination was not at all based on her gender or sex (but events in which she repeatedly and/or publicly called supervisors racist with no factual support)."
12. Additionally, the Court found that, "based on the undisputed material facts, no rational fact finder could conclude that, despite knowing of the sexual harassment of Plaintiff by Defendant Lanoue, Defendant General Electric failed to take appropriate action to stop it," and that "no. rational fact finder could conclude that any tangible employment action taken against Plaintiff was based on her gender."
13! In dismissing Plaintiffs termination-based harassment claims, the Court found it "particulárly noteworthy" that, "on September 20, 2011, following the issuance of a Final Written Warning (dated July 13, 2011), supervisors terminated Plaintiff based on (a) her refusal to, perform an assignment and comment 'get your white boys to do it' during fourth fiscal week of 2011, (b) her unsupported accusation (in the presence of an employee! ] and a customer) on March 2, 2011, that she had been called a 'n — ' at work, (c) her resistance to work and her repeatedly, publicly and argumentatively accusing her supervisor of being a racist with no factual support on July 12, 2011, and (d) her calling a co-worker and a supervisor a racist with no factual support on September 14, 2011."
14. Regarding Plaintiffs clainis against GE for hostile work environment harassment under Title VII, the Court also found as follows: . . . • , .
Defendant General Electric cannot reasonably, be found to have failed to provide to Plaintiff, a reasonable avenue for complaint, or to have failed to take appropriate remedial action based on the facts that it knew or reasonably should have known, The Court notes also that, following [GE's] suspension of Defendant Lanoue, its separation of Plaintiff and Harris, and its separation of Plaintiff and Lanoue Plaintiff s sexual harassment complaints against Lanoue and Harris (none'of which was'found to be substantiated) decreased in nümber and became more vagué' in nature. Finally, the Court notes that) in addition to keeping an open line of .communication with Plaintiff regarding, complaints of racial [and alleged sexual] discrimination, Defendant [GE] rather promptly investigated those complaints and took appropriate action.
15. In- granting summary judgment to the Management Defendants .on Plaintiffs claims of retaliation related to her reassignment of February, 2010, by the Company, this Court found as follows: "(1) there is insufficient evidence from which a rational fact finder could conclude that Plaintiffs reassignment amounted to adverse action; and (2) "there is insufficient evidence from which a rational fact finder could conclude that any such adverse action was caused by her prior complaints."
16. The Court aiso found that "[a]ny conclusion that Plaintiffs reassignment was caused by her complaints is entirely speculative."
17. Similar arguments were made by the Management Defendants in their first motion for summary judgment motion regarding Plaintiffs termination-based retaliation claims.
18. In making those argument, the Management Defendants relied on the Second Circuit's decision in Matima v. Celli, 228 F.3d 68, 79 (2d Cir.2000), where the Second Circuit held that "[a]n employer does not violate Title VII when it takes adverse employment action against an employee to preserve a workplace environment that is governed by rules, subject to a chain of command, free of commotion, and conducive to the work of the enterprise."
19. The Management Defendants also previously argued that other circuit courts "have" come to á similar conclusion, holding that that disruptive or "unreasonable protests against discrimination are not protected activity under Title VII and therefore cannot support a retaliation claim."
20. In its Decision and Order,' the Court observed "that most courts that have addressed the issue have rejected the action-ability of terminating an African-American employee for insubordination where the employee has (outside a formal proceeding) orally accused his or her supervisor of being racist without substantiation-particularly where the accusation was made in the'presence 'of other employees."
21. However, the Court concluded that "Plaintiff should be afforded the opportunity to conduct discovery before deciding this portion of the Management Defendants' motion for summary judgment."
22. In reaching this conclusion, the Court explained that, "even setting aside the oral charges of racism against her supervisors in public, the sheer number and duration of Plaintiffs formal complaints (at least initially), coupled with a hint of evidence that at least some supervisors may have been growing somewhat weary of those complaints, gives the Court pause."
23. Accordingly, the Court denied "that discrete portion of Defendant [GE's] motion for summary judgment" seeking the dismissal of Plaintiffs termination-based retaliation claims against the Management Defendants under Title VII, Section 1981, and the New York Human Rights Law ("HRL"), "without prejudice" to renew this motion after the close of discovery.
24. The Court also explained that "it [was expressing] no opinion regarding whether this ['hint' of] evidence, in and of itself, would suffice to create a genuine dispute of material fact on a second motion for summary judgment filed on this issue by the Management Defendants."
25. A subsequent motion for reconsideration by Defendant Lanoue regarding the part of the Decision and Order that left certain claims against her individually still in the case, and a cross-motion for reconsideration by Plaintiff, were both denied by the Court on June 4, 2014, leaving all of the above-quoted findings by the Court unaffected.
The Management Defendants' Answer and Defenses
26. On April 14, 2014, the Management Defendants timely filed an Answer, admitting, among other things, "that plaintiff was terminated by GE on or about September 20, 2011, for legitimate non-discriminatory business reasons unrelated to her race, sex, gender, or any other unlawful factor or consideration."
27. In their Answer, the Management Defendants generally denied Plaintiffs claims of retaliation in all other, material respects.
.28. In addition, in their Answer, the Management Defendants set forth numerous defenses, including but not limited to the following: •
(á) "[defendants exercised reasonable care to prevent, and promptly correct any alleged discriminatory or harassing behavior including,. but not limited to, establishing a complaint policy and procedure, the substance of which is distributed and made available, to all employees, which policy and procedure allows employees to make complaints and to seek appropriate redress," and, "[u]pon information and belief, plaintiff unreasonably failed to take advantage of the, preventive and corrective opportunities provided or to otherwise avoid her alleged harm";
(b) "[d]efendants did not condone, ratify, endorse, or approve any discriminatory, harassing, or retaliatory conduct";
(c) "[w]ithout assuming any burden of proof, unless required by law, .', all actions taken with respect to plaintiffs employment were made in good faith and for legitimate, non-discriminatory, and non-retaliatory reasons unrelated to plaintiff's sex, any protected activity in which she may have engaged, or any other unlawful factor"; and
• (d) "[w]hile neither a retaliatory nor discriminatory motive played a part in any of the decisions made by defendants concerning plaintiffs employment, to the extent that,- any impermissible motive is .ultimately attributed to defendants in this action, defendants assert that they would have made the same employment decisions in the absence of any such motive."
Discovery Conducted by the Parties: Plaintiffs Deposition
29. On January 23 and 29, 2015, after several extensions of the discovery deadline and after the parties had exchanged initial disclosures and requests for documents and interrogatories (and responses to same), Plaintiffs deposition was taken both stenographically and by videotape.
30. At no time before the completion of Plaintiffs deposition on January 29, 2015, did Plaintiff or her counsel request the opportunity to review the transcripts and to make changes, as provided in Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(e).
31. During her deposition, numerous documents were marked as exhibits, and were reviewed with Plaintiff by counsel for the GE Defendants and by Defendant La-noue's counsel, including but not limited to the Amended Complaint, the Court's Decision and Order of March 31, 2014, and the Management Defendants' initial disclosures Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(A)(1).
32. The Management Defendants' initial disclosures included Vavrasek's prior sworn Declaration, Higgins' 11/2/12 Declaration, and the exhibits attached thereto.
33. Additional exhibits marked and reviewed with Plaintiff by counsel for the Management Defendants during Plaintiffs deposition included but were not limited to the Management Defendants' Responses and Objections to Plaintiffs First [and only] Discovery Demands, consisting of two binders of documents.
34. Also marked as exhibits and reviewed with Plaintiff by counsel for the Management Defendants were the following additional documents: (a) Plaintiffs termination letter of September 20, 2011, signed by Vavrasek, together with a number of attachments to it; (b) GE's "Schenectady Plant Work Practices, Procedures and Conduct Rules;" (c) Plaintiffs responses to Defendant GE and Management Employees' First Set of Discovery'Demands, dated December 14, 2014; (d) Plaintiffs Rule 26 Automatic Disclosure, dated September 19, 2014; and (e) email messages from former-Management Defendant Mee-ghan Scully, dated July 12, 2011, and from James (aka "Jed") Boswell on the same date, detailing what they perceived, upon information and belief, as inappropriate workplace conduct by Plaintiff on July 12, 2011
35. The remainder of- the exhibits marked and identified during Plaintiffs deposition and reviewed with her were all marked by Defendant Lanoue's counsel during his examination of Plaintiff.
36. As reflected in the transcripts of Plaintiffs deposition, during her deposition, Plaintiff made numerous sworn admissions relating specifically to her remaining retaliation claims against GE, Vavrasek and O'Gorman.
37. Plaintiff began working for GE in Schenectady in or about 1981 and continued working there until her termination- on September 20,2011.
38. She progressed within the Company in a number of different jobs, until her last job as a D21 inspector.
39. She was a D21 inspector from 2000 until her termination.
40. At the 'time of Plaintiffs termination on September 20, 2011, James (aka "Jed") Boswell (never a Defendant in this case) was the Cell Leader in Building 273, to whom she reported.
41. At the time of Plaintiffs termination, former-Defendant Meeghan Scully was a Facilitator who indirectly supervised Plaintiffs work and gave her assignments.
42. Former-Defendant Dick Boswell was an Operations Leader to whom Plaintiff reported for about one year.'
43. For as long as she was employed at GE, Plaintiff knew that the Schenectady Plant had certain "Wbrk Practices, Procedures and Conduct Rules"; and, as far as Plaintiff knew, those rules "[theoretically" applied to all employees at the Plant.
44.. The rules made certain behavior "unacceptable" and subject to discipline (including discharge), including- unauthorized time away from the work station, failure to follow specific instructions to specifications, poor workmanship, poor housekeeping, and obscene or abusive language, including derogatory racial or religious remarks and related actions.
45. The rules also included "prohibited acts" for which an emplbyee could be sent homé immediately, disciplined or discharged, including insubordination (refusal to follow supervisor's orders), and immoral or indecent behavior.
46. Never once did Plaintiff personally hear herself called a "N — or any other derogatory racial name (including "Black bitch") by Vavrasek, , O'Gorman, Lanoue, Jed Boswell, Dick Boswell, Meeghan Scully, Mike Tomassone, or any other GE employee.
47. On September 20, 2011, during a meeting in Budding 273 at the Schenectady Plant, attended by Plaintiff, Vavrasek, Jed Boswell, Erick Olson, at least one of Plaintiffs union representative (Carmen DePaolo), Vavrasek gave Plaintiff, and reviewed with her, a letter of that date which stated as follows, in pertinent part: "This letter will confirm that your employment is being terminated today, due to your chronic inability to conduct yourself in a professional and respectful manner in the workplace."
48. At her deposition, Plaintiff conceded that calling a supervisor a racist, saying "get your White boys to do it," or accusing a supervisor as being part of a "hate group" (with no proof of that accusation) would violate GE's Schenectady Plant Work Practices, Procedures and Conduct Rules; however, she denies engaging in that type of behavior, notwithstanding evidence in the record indicating otherwise, including contemporaneous emails, statements and other evidence produced in discovery and on this motion.
49. In addition, at her deposition, Plaintiff recalled having had a conversation with her Cell Leader, Jed Boswell, on September 14, 2011, about her work and his expectations of two other inspectors (both of whom were Caucasian).
50. She admitted Boswell told her that he wanted her to go back to her work area, that it was in an inspector's job classification to conduct "housekeeping," and that such "housekeeping" was considered to be a job assignment as well; she also admitted that such "housekeeping" was part of her job description, and that all D21 inspectors had the same job description.
51. At her deposition, Plaintiff denied telling Boswell that "[t]his [i.e., his treatment of her] is discrimination" (as reflected in Boswell's notes), and she denied telling another employee that Boswell "came down tell me that the blacks have to go back to their area" (claiming "this whole thing is a lie").
52. Plaintiff also denies calling Boswell a "racist" during this incident; however', she admits telling him during this incident that he was "setting me up to be assaulted," "setting me up to be shot by a sniper" (even though she never saw any person employed at GE with a gun), that she told Boswell "Am I the help, just, here to clean?" and that she told him (rather than saying he should "apologize to her for being á racist," as Boswell's notes state) that he "should apologize to me for getting me killed" (adding at her deposition that she believed Mr. Boswell was laterally trying to get her killed based on "[t]he lies and the phony investigation and the fact that they refused to investigate the threats" allegedly made-against her).
Discovery Conducted by the Parties: Depositions of Vavrasek and O'Gorman
53. Vavrasek and O'Gorman were each deposed by Plaintiff on February 4, 2015.
54. Both Vavrasek and O'Gorman testified during their depositions that the decision to terminate Plaintiffs employment was made by a team of individual managers, including Cell Leader, Jed Boswell; Center of Excellence ("COE") Leader Erik Olson, Plant Manager Kevin Sharkey, Vavrasek and O'Gorman.
55. None of. the individuals referred to in footnote 13 of the Court's Decision and Order of March 31, 2014 (which lists examples of the documents that constituted the "hint" of evidence that at least some supervisors may have been growing somewhat weary of' Plaintiffs complaints) — including HR Manager Mark Sullivan and former defendant .Meeghan Scully — were part of the management team that made the decision to terminate Plaintiffs employment.
56. As stated earlier, a two-page letter dated September 20, 2011, which Vavrasek signed and reviewed with Plaintiff on the same date in the presence of Plaintiff, Cell Leader Boswell, Olson, and Plaintiffs union representative (DePaolo), stated the reasons for Plaintiffs termination.
' 57. Consistent with the letter, Vavrasek stated to Plaintiff at the meeting that she was being terminated for her "chronic inability to behave in a professional manner in the workplace," her consistent use of race-based identifiers against colleagues and coworkers in violation of Schenectady Plant work'rules, and her "refusal] to do work given to' her by her supervisors multiple times," all in direct violation 'of GE's Schenectady Plant work rules. '
58. These stated reasons are consistent with two exhibits attached to Vavrasek's Declaration and the Higgins 5/1/15 Declaration (i.e., an email from Boswell dated September 15,2011, and an email from HR Leadership Program participant' Ryan McAllister dated September 15, 2011), which regard the incident between Plaintiff and Cell Leader Boswell on September 14,2011, and Plaintiffs termination.
59; According to Vavrasek, it was on the basis of the facts stated in this second exhibit (including but not limited bo - the substance Plaintiffs interview by Mr. McAllister and Mr. Skroeki [another HR employee at the plant] on September 15, 2011, during which Ms. Alex reportedly admitted, among other things, that she did in fact call '.Cell Leader Boswell a "racist" with no factual support for such a claim), as well as for the reasons stated in Vavra-sek's termination letter' to Ms. Alex, that a decision was mad¿ by the Company to terminate Plaintiffs employment, effective September 20, 2011.
60. During Plaintiffs deposition,- when she was asked about certain specific events on September 14, 2014, related to her termination (which events are referred to in Cell Leader Boswell's email dated September 15, 2011, in Mr. McAllister's email of the same date, and in Plaintiffs termination letter dated September 20, 2011), Plaintiff testified that many, if not all, of the facts set forth in these Company business records are lies. ' '
61. Similarly, throughout her deposition, Plaintiff stated that nearly everyone at GE involved in her progressive discipline and ultimate termination (including but not limited to Vavrasek, O'Gorman, Sullivan, McAllister, Cell Leader Boswell, Scully, Polukort, Operations Leader Dick Boswell, Lanoue, - other hourly employees,' and Plaintiffs former Union representatives) lied about her misconduct at work in an effort to retaliate against her because she is a Black woman or for similar reasons.
62. In addition, Plaintiff testified under oath that her "behavior [at work] was always good."
II. GOVERNING LEGAL STANDARDS
A. Legal Standard Governing Motion for Summary Judgment
Because the parties to this action have demonstrated, in their memoranda of law, an accurate understanding of the legal standard governing a motion for summary judgment, the Court will not recite, in its entirety, that legal standard in this Decision and Order, which (again) is intended primarily for the review of the parties. (See generally Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 1 [Def. Lanoue's Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 23 [Mgmt. Defs.' Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 23 [Plf.'s Opp'n Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 94 [Def. La-noue's Reply Memo, of Law;]; Dkt. No. 96 [Mgmt. Defs.' Reply Memo, of Law].) Rather, the Court respectfully refers; the reader the its recitation of the legal standard in Part III.B. of its Decision and Order of March 31, 2014. (Dkt. No. 48.)
B. Legal Standards Governing Plaintiffs Remaining Claims and Defendants' Defenses
Because the parties' to this action have demonstrated, in their memoranda of law, an accurate understanding of the relevant points of law contained in the legal standards governing Plaintiff's claims and Defendants' defenses in this action,, the Court will not recite, in their entirety, those legal standards in this Decision and Order, which (again) is intended primarily for the review of the parties. (See generally Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 1 [Def. Lanoue's Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 23 [Mgmt. Defs.' Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 23 [Plfi's Opp'n Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 94 [Def. Lanoue's Reply Memo, of Law]; Dkt. No. 96 [Mgmt. Defs.' Reply Memo, of Law].) Rather, the Court respectfully refers the reader the its recitation of the law-in Part III.A.3.a. of its Decision and Order of March 31,2014. (Dkt. No. 48.)
III. ANALYSIS
A. Defendant Lanoue's Motion for Summary Judgment
.After carefully considering the matter, the Court grants Defendant 'La-noue's motion for the first reason stated in her memorandum of law in chief, and the first, second, third and fourth reasons stated in her reply memorandum of law. See, supra, Part I.B. of this Decision and Order. To' that analysis, the Court adds four points.
First, in reaching its conclusion, the Court must, based on the undisputed material'facts and governing law, reject .the second, third and fourth reasons stated in Defendant Lanoue's memorandum of law in chief. See, supra, Parts I.B. and I.D. of this Decision and Order.
Second, a few words are necessary elaborating on Plaintiffs response to Defendant Lanoue's statement of material facts. Occasionally, in her Rule 7.1 Statement, Defendant Lanoue has made minor errors in her page citations. (See, e.g., Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 20 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, citing page "364" instead of page "304" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].) Moreover, occasionally, Defendant Lanoue has cited not a particular page or series of pages of Plaintiffs deposition transcript but a section of that transcript spanning 65 pages (albeit sometimes out of arguable necessity given the assertion of an absence of testimony). (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, ¶ 9, 10, 21, 22, 67, 68, 77 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement].) While such practices have tested the limits of Local Rule 7.1(a)(3)'s requirement of a "specific citation to the record where the fact is established" (emphasis added), the Court has generally been able to locate the fact(s) asserted; and, if it has not been able to do so, it has deleted the unsupported fact.
However, the Court draws the line at Plaintiffs practice, in her Rule 7.1 Response, of routinely citing a section of her deposition transcript spanning 196 pages, and often adding references to one or more deposition transcripts in their entirety. (Dkt. No. 88, Attach, 25, ¶7, 8, 9, 10, 21, 22, 32, 33, 35, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73 [Pit's Rule 7.1 Response].) See also Clark v. N.Y.S. Office of the State Comptroller, 09-CV-716, 2014 WL 823289, at *1, n. 8 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 3, 2014) ("While Clark responded, . she did not do so in compliance with Local Rule 7.1(a)(3). For instance, many of Clark's denials do not, as Rule 7.3 requires, set forth a specific citation to the record where the factual issue arises, but instead accompany an instruction to "see record evidence" or "see total record evidence," contain no citation whatsoever, or generally cite an entire document — often, an entire deposition transcript."); Wang v. Swain, 09-CV-0306, 2011 WL 887815, at *1 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 14, 2011) (McAvoy, J.) ("[A] simple citation to an 'exhibit' consisting of numerous documents, or citation to a deposition without a pinpoint citation to where in the deposition support for the denial is contained, is insufficient."); Bronner v. Catholic Charities of Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse, Inc., 08-CV-0015, 2010 WL 981959, at *1 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 15, 2010) (McAvoy, J.) ("Plaintiff simply cites to the documents generally, i.e., a simple cite to the exhibit number, and in many instances, cites to numerous exhibits to support a single proposition. Apparently, Plaintiff or his attorneys expect the Court to wade through the mass of paper to find whether or not the 'cite' supports a proposition made by Plaintiff . ").
Local Rule 7.1(a)(3) serves a valuable purpose, especially for congested trial courts like this one; the Court may, and will, enforce that rule in this circumstance. See N.Y. Teamsters Conference Pension & Ret. Fund v. Express Servs., Inc., 426 F.3d 640, 648-49 (2d Cir.2005) ("[District courts have the authority to institute local rules governing summary judgment submissions, . and [we] have affirmed summary judgment rulings that enforce such rules____Rules governing summary judgment practice are essential tools for district courts, permitting them to efficiently decide summary judgment motions by relieving them of the onerous task of hunting through voluminous records without guidance from the parties.") (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
The Court notes that, to the extent that Plaintiff seeks the reconsideration of various of the Court's prior rulings, that request is denied on each of the following four alternative grounds: (1) it is untimely under Local Rule 7.1(g); (2) it is unsupported by a memorandum of law on the subject, in violation of Local Rule 7.1(a)(1); (3) it is unsupported by an affidavit on the subject, in violation of Local Rule 7.1(a)(2); and (4) it is unsupported by a showing that there has been an intervening change in controlling law, there has been discovery of material evidence that was previously unavailable, or there exists a need to correct a clear error of law or to prevent manifest injustice, as required by United States v. Sanchez, 35 F.3d 673, 677 (2d Cir.1994), cert. denied, 514, U.S. 1038, 115 S.Ct. 1404, 131 L.Ed.2d 291 (1995).
Third, at its essence, Plaintiffs theory of racial bias (as opposed to personal or political bias) hinges on the fact that Defendant Lanoue had allegedly referred to Plaintiff as "N — " behind her back. See,e.g., swpra, Part I.D. of this Decision and Order (asserting facts in Paragraph Numbers 33, 44 and 62). As an initial matter, the Court notes that, when scrutinized in light of the allegations of her Amended Complaint, Plaintiffs deposition testimony is not that Defendant Lanoue called her a "N — " (behind her back) but that Lanoue called Jeffrey Walton and/or President Obama a "N — " (behind her back). (Compare Dkt. No. 4, at ¶ 64 [Plf.'s Am. Compl., alleging, "defendant MICHELE LA-NOUE persuaded defendant WILLIAM CAPRON to tell Jeffrey Walton that he is either a 'Spic, Half-N-----, or N-----."'] [emphasis added; internal quotation marks removed] with Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 99 [attaching page "383" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr., stating, "[0]nce again, when someone refers to you as a n — , half-n— or spic and then they post gun imagery, then that means that they have a racial issue with you-"] [emphasis added]; compare Dkt. No. 4, at ¶29 [Plf.'s Am. Cómpl., alleging, "defendant MICHELE LANOUE and decedent Frank Harris would post depictions of prominent persons of color such as: . '2012 Do Not Re-nig' referencing President Barack Obama (African Male); and a host of other postings referring to persons of color as . 'Nig,' and 'N — -.'"] with Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 115-16 [attaching pages "399" and "400" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr., stating that the "2012 don't re-nig" wall posting in Plaintiffs area occurred after Defendant Lanoue came down to that area].) This distinction is of least some materiality to a hostile work environment claim. See EEOC v. A. Sam & Sons Produce Co., 872 F.Supp. 29, 36 (W.D.N.Y.1994) ("Less compelling are Titus's claims that she'was subjected to hostile environment sexual harassment. Although she, on three occasions, overheard Charles through the walls of his office refer to the women in the office as 'whores,' Titus herself stated that Charles never called her a whore '.... "); McDuffie-Smithson v. Univ. of S.C. Sch. of Med., 11-CV-0190, 2012 WL 3637736, at *5 (D.S.C. July 19, 2012) (granting defendant's motion for summary judgment, because, while there was an incident in which defendant called a co-worker a "black bitch," that racial epithet was not directed at plaintiff); Barnett v. Certified Grocers Midwest, Inc., 95-CV-1943, 1997 WL 639214, at *24 (N.D.Ill. Oct. 6, 1997) ("Although Plaintiff describes several incidents where white employees referred to blacks as 'n — ,' however, he has offered no non-hearsay evidence of any such incidents, nor has he personally been called a 'N — ' or other racially derogatory term.").
In any event, Plaintiffs deposition testimony that one or more unidentified co-workers told Plaintiff that Defendant Lanoue had referred to Plaintiff as "N — " (behind her back) is inadmissible. Specifically, the alleged statements by one or more unidentified co-workers is hearsay under Fed. R. Evid. 801(a)-(c), and is not admissible as a statement by a party or a party's employee on a matter within the scope of the employment relationship while it existed, under Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)(A),(D). See, e.g., Green v. City of Northport, 11-CV-2354, 2014 WL 1338106, at *4 (N.D.Ala. Mar. 31, 2014) ("Plaintiff testified that Tommy Watkins, Collins's former father-in-law, told him that Collins had stated to Watkins that 'he was going to get rid of that black son-of-a bitch who. drives the BMW.' . However, plaintiff has presented no evidence as to why he was unable to present Watkins's sworn testimony in response , to defendants' Motion for Summary- Judgment. Plaintiffs testimony as to Watkins's statement and his counsel's statement that Watkins will be called at trial, without more, cannot transform Watkins's hearsay statements into admissible evidence for purposes of summary judgment.") (internal quotation marks omitted); Cain v. Elgin, Joliet E. Ry. Co., 04-CV-0347, 2006 WL 163010, at *14 (N.D.Ind. Jan. 19, 2006) ("[T]his Court cannot take into consideration Plaintiff's alleged statement that Plaintiff was referred to a 'n — ,' because the statement was made outside the presence of Plaintiff, and constitutes hearsay."); Maury v. Ogle Cnty., 00-CV-50441, 2005 WL 78955, at *2 (N.D.Ill. Jan. 12, 2005) ("Plaintiff offers a hearsay statement that an acquaintance of hers, Joe Calso, had told her that Chief Wilkinson of the sheriff's office had referred to her "f***ing that n*****." But plaintiff's testimony about what Calso told her is hearsay and not admissible.").
The closest Plaintiff comes to adducing admissible evidence is through the affidavit of Carol Adams. While certain paragraphs of that affidavit come close to stating that Ms. Adams personally heard Defendant Lanoue refer to Plaintiff as "N- — ," they fall conspicuously short of stating that fact. (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21, at ¶ 21, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 47, 63 [Adams Affid.].) Rather, Ms. Adams states she personally heard Defendant Lanoue refer to Plaintiff as "Black [b]itch." (Id. at ¶32.) Of course, the term "Black bitch," while deplorable, is not the term that one or more co-workers allegedly told Plaintiff that Defendant Lanoue was using to refer to African-Americans, which (again) was "N — ." (Dkt. No. 4, at ¶29, 64 [Plf.'s Am. Compl., alleging that Lanoue made postings referring to persons of color at "N~" and "N — ," and that she referred to Jeffrey Walton as either a "Half-N — " or "N — "]; Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 54, 55, 86, 87, 99 [attaching pages "338," "339," "370," "371" and "383" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr., testifying that one or more unidentified co-workers allegedly told Plaintiff that Defendant Lanoue was referring to her as "N-----"].)
In one sense, this disparity is immaterial because the term "Black bitch," like the term "N — ," is racial in nature. See Market v. Ill. Bell. Tel. Co., 01-CV-3841, 2003 WL 22697284, at *12 (N.D.Ill. Nov. 13, 2003) ("[Defendants] called [plaintiff] names that were . tinged with race ('black bitch') _"). In another sense, however, the disparity is highly material because Plaintiff testified at her deposition that her Amended Complaint contains each and every allegation against Defendant Lanoue that supports her claim for a hostile work environment based on race. See, supra,,'• Part I.D. of this Decision and Order (asserting fact in Paragraph Number 20). The first time that Plaintiff asserted the "Black bitch" allegation was five months after Plaintiffs deposition (on January 29, 2015) and the close of discovery (on February 6, 2015). (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21 [Adams Aff'd., dated July 6, 2015]; Text Order filed Jan. 28, 2015.) '
While ordinarily the Court would be inclined to permit a pro se litigant to change the landscape of her claims in response to a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, the Court cannot permit Plaintiff to change the landscape of her claims here for four reasons: (1) Plaintiff is not proceeding pro se but has an experienced attorney; (2) Plaintiff has already amended her claims (through filing an Amended Complaint); (3) Plaintiff does not attempt to change her claims in response to a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim but a motion for summary judgment; and (4) discovery was closed when Plaintiff filed her response. See Matiyn v. Allen, 06-CV-1503, 2010 WL 3880510, at *4 & n. 9 (N.D.N.Y. Sept. 28, 2010) (Suddaby, J.) (collecting cases).
When the problem is viewed through the lens of a discovery violation, if Plaintiff had testified at her deposition that someone had told her that Defendant Lanoue had called her a "Black bitch," then Defendant Lanoue would have been able to depose Plaintiff on the subject; similarly, if Plaintiff had identified that "someone" as Carol Adams, then Defendant Lanoue would have been able to depose Ms. Adams on the subject. However, neither thing appears to have occurred. Under the circumstances, to consider Paragraph 32 of Ms. Adams' affidavit in deciding Defendant' La-noue's motion- for summary judgment would unfairly prejudice Defendant La-noue. Moreover, it is far too late in this three-and-a-half-year-old -case to reopen discovery and permit Defendant Lanoue to file another motion for summary judgment. Furthermore, Plaintiff offers no explanation for her failure to assert her "Black bitch" allegation before July 6, 2015. Finally, this evidence is of relatively modest importance, because the term "Black bitch," while deplorable, is less tinged with- racism than is the term "N — ." See Market, 2003 WL 22697284, at *12 (N.D.I11. Nov. 13, 2003) ("[T]hey called her names that were either tinged with race ('black bitch') or outright manifestations of racial animus ('n — ')."). For all of these reasons, the Court precludes, for purposes of Defendant Lanoue's motion, Paragraph 32 of Ms. Adams' affidavit.
Fourth, Plaintiffs solé evidence of her allegation that Defendant Lanoue called Jeffrey Walton a "N — -" is Plaintiffs (liberally construed) deposition testimony that an unidentified person told her that'fact. (Dkt. No. 4, at ¶ 64 [Plfi's Am. Compl.]; Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 87, 99 [attaching pages "371" and'"383" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.]; of. Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21,¡at ¶ 23 [Adams Affid.].) Again, such testimony is inadmissible hearsay.
Fifth, the Court certainly understands Plaintiffs feeling that Defendant Lanoue's dislike of her must have been caused.by Plaintiffs race, given the condemnable racial incidents that allegedly occurred in the workplace.-The Court sym pathizes with Plaintiff (given the adverse actions she appears to have experienced) and acknowledges that her case presents a close call. However, the Court cannot ignore the point of law that a defendant cannot be held to possess racial animus based on the racial incidents caused by others, absent admissible record evidence that the defendant "direct[ly] partic-ipat[ed]" in those (or other) racial incidents. Patterson v. Cnty. of Oneida, 375 F.3d 206, 229 (2d Cir.2004).
The Court notes that, according to the affidavit of Carol Adams (who apparently was the source of much of Plaintiffs information), several of the racial incidents that Plaintiff alleges solely involved Frank Harris (now deceased), Richard Boswell or Michael Tomassone. (See, e.g., Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21, at ¶ 49-52, 59-62, 66-72 [Adams Affid.].) The Court notes also that, as Plaintiff acknowledges, merely disliking President Obama does not make one racist. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 112-14 [attaching pages "396" through "398" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].) Moreover, the Court notes that it is not reasonable to infer that a reference to "Miss Piggy" is racist (by perpetuating a stereotype of a fat Black woman such as Aunt Jemima). (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21, at ¶ 28 [Adams Affid.].) See also Lewis v. Erie Cnty. Med. Ctr. Corp., 907 F.Supp.2d 336, 348 (W.D.N.Y.2012) (finding term "voodoo worker" not racist); Eatman v. United Parcel Serv., 194 F.Supp.2d 256, 264-65 (S.D.N.Y.2002) (finding comment about dreadlocked hair not racist); Miller v. CC Info. Sys., Inc., 95-CV-6612, 1996 WL 480370, at *3 (N.D.Ill. Aug. 22, 1996) ("Referring to an individual, or their hair or attire as a space cadet, a fiat disc, a space ship, an anteater, a peacock, a dead poodle, Medusa, or a sexual organ, can certainly be insulting. However, these terms have no objective link with race, and therefore fail to support Miller's hostile work environment claim."). Finally, the Court notes that, even assuming Defendant Lenoue used the term "woman of color" to refer to Plaintiff (coupled with the expression of a desire to "grab her neck and slam her against the wall" along with a dislike of Obama and one or more references to Miss Piggy), no admissible record evidence exists (e.g., the use of a sarcastic voice inflection) that the use of the term — which occurred on one occasion-was more indicative of racial animus than of a personality conflict. See Sweezer v. Michigan Dep't of Corr., 229 F.3d 1154, at *5 (6th Cir.2000) (finding that use of term "colored woman," even when followed by use of terms "n — " and "bitch," were "more indicative of a personality conflict than of racial animus").
For all of these reasons, the Court grants Defendant Lanoue's motion for summary judgment.
B. Management Defendants' Second Motion for Summary Judgment
After carefully considering the matter, the Court grants the Management Defendants' motion for the reasons stated in their memoranda of law. See, supra, Part I.C. of this Decision and Order. To that analysis, the Court adds four points.
First, the Court relies on each of the Management Defendants' many arguments except two of them. More specifically, the Court rejects the Management Defendants' argument that a non-movant cannot create a genuine dispute of material fact on a motion for summary judgment by submitting a non-party's affidavit contradicting the movant's prior sworn deposition testimony. The cases cited by the Management Defendants for that point of law do not in fact stand for that point of law (but merely for the point of law that a non-movant cannot create a genuine dispute of material fact on a motion for sum mary judgment by submitting his or her own affidavit contradicting his or her own prior sworn deposition testimony). (Dkt. No. 96,- at 11 [attaching page "7" of Mgmt. Defs.' Reply Memo. of Law].) See also Hayes v. New York City Dep't. of Corr., 84 F.3d 614, 619 (2d Cir.1996) ("[A] party may not create an issue of fact by submitting an affidavit in opposition to a summary judgment motion that,- by omission or addition, - contradicts the affiant's previous deposition testimony.").
The Court also rejects the Management Defendants' argument (to the extent they make one) that Plaintiff is bound (during her defense of the claims challenged by Management Defendants' second motion for summary judgment) by the evidence adduced by the parties during the Management Defendants' first motion for summary judgment. The Court must decide a second motion'for summary judgment based on the material record evidence (including the new evidence) presented to it-at that time. See Wechsler v. Hunt Health Sys., Ltd., 198 F.Supp.2d 508, 514 (S.D.N.Y.2003) ("A party may renew its motion for summary judgment as long as it is supported by new material."); Keehan v. Keehan, 96-CV-2481, 2000 WL 502854, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 25, 2000) ("Because the party renewing its motion is limited to issues relating to the new material, defendants may not revisit the Court's finding with respect to defendant Keehan's status as an officer or director of BCP, which,, for summary judgment purposes, is now the law of the case."). Of course, this does not mean that Plaintiff may resurrect dismissed claims.
Second, with regard to Plaintiffs deficient Rule 7.1 Response, the Court incorporates by reference the second point made above in Part III A. of this Decision and Order (elaborating .on Plaintiffs response to Defendant Lanoue's statement of material facts): that point is equally applicable to Plaintiffs response to the Management Defendants' statement of material facts. Again, the Court notes that, to the extent that. Plaintiff s opposition contains a second request for reconsideration of various of the Court's prior rulings, that request .is denied on each of the following four alternative grounds: (1) it is untimely; (2) it is unsupported by a memorandum of law on the subject; (3) it is unsupported by an affidavit on the subject; and (4) it is unsupported by a showing of cause. See, supra, Part III.A. of this Decision and Order.
Third, with regard to Plaintiffs deficient opposition -memorandum of law, the Management Defendants are entirely correct that, in this District,- when a non-movant fails to óppose a' legal argument asserted by a movant, the movant's burden with regard to that argument is lightened, such that, in order to succeed on that argument, the movant need only show that the argument' possess facial merit, which has appropriately been characterized as a "modest" burden. See N.D.N.Y. L.R. 7.1(b)(3) ("Where a properly filed motion is unopposed and the Court determined that the moving party has met to demonstrate entitlement to the relief requested therein . "); Rusyniak v. Gensini, 07-CV-0279, 2009 WL 3672105, at *1, n. 1 (N.D.N.Y. Oct. 30, 2009) (Suddaby, J.) (collecting cases); Este-Green v. Astrue, 09-CV-0722, 2009 WL2473509, at *2 & nn. 2, 3 (N.D.N.Y. Aug. 7, 2009) (Suddaby, J.) (collecting cases). Here, even when construed with the utmost of special liberality, the brief, confused and unsupported arguments asserted by Plaintiff in her opposition memorandum of law fail to specifically controvert the three arguments asserted by the Management Defendants in . their memorandum of law in chief. See, supra, Part I.C. of this Decision and Order.
Fourth, of the numerous grounds that exist on which to grant the Management Defendants' motion, the following one is particularly noteworthy. It is undisputed that the copy of the final vmtten notification that was given Plaintiff by Vavrasek on July 13, 2011, expressly stated, in pertinent- part, thaj, "[t]his letter serves as final notification thht this type of conduct will not be tolerated and will result in termination if further instances. occur." (Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 6, at 121-22 [attaching copy of notice]; cf. Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 2, at 121-22, 181-83 [attaching pages "120," "121," "180," "181," and "182" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr., indicating prior receipt of final written notification].) Moreover, it is undisputed that, at the time of Plaintiffs termination, the Management Defendants had before them evidence that, merely two months after receiving the final written notification, Plaintiff called her supervisor, Jed Boswell, a "racist" without any factual support. See, supra, Fact . No. 48 in Part I.E. of this Decision and Order. (Plaintiffs deposition testimony that she -never called Boswell a "racist" is immaterial; what is material is that the Management Defendants possessed evidence that she called him a "racist" without factual support.) Furthermore, it is • also undisputed that calling a supervisor a racist (without factual support) would violate GE's Schenectady Plant work rules. See, supra, Fact No. 48 in Part I.E. of this Decision and Order. Finally, it is undisputed that the Management Defendants expressly relied on the aforementioned evidence in terminating Plaintiffs employment. See, supra, Fact Nos. 57-79 in Part . I.E. of this Decision and Order. . .
Of course, Plaintiff argues that, in actuality,. the Management Defendants were relying not on that evidence but .their motive to retaliate against her for previously engaging in protected speech. However, she offers no admissible record evidence of that retaliatory motive. For example, there was no evidence of retaliatory animus by the Management Defendants (e.g., their use of racial epithets). Similarly, she offers no admissible record of disparate treatment of employees who engaged in similar conduct. Finally, she offers no admissible record evidence of a very close proximity between the Management Defendants' knowledge of Plaintiffs protected speech and her termination on September 20, 2011. Certainly, the Management Defendants cannot reasonably be said, at least based on the current record, to have known that her statements to Boswell on September 14,. 2011, were protected. Rather, any protected speech by Plaintiff occurred months, if not years, before Sep tember 20, 2011. See Clark Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Breeden, 532 U.S. 268, 273-74, 121 S.Ct. 1508, 149 L.Ed.2d 509 (2001) (citing cases finding temporal proximity of three months and more to be insufficient); Abdullah v. Panko Elec. & Maint., Inc., 08-CV-0579, 2011 WL 1103762, at *18 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 23, 2011) (granting summary judgment where plaintiff was terminated for insubordination more than two months after his complaints); This is not sufficient to meet the standard of "but for" causation set forth, by the Supreme Court in Univ. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar, — U.S. —, 133 S.Ct. 2517, 186 L.Ed.2d 503 (2013).
At most, whát the Court is left with is an argument that the Management Defendants' reliance on the evidence in question was ill-advised or mistaken; of course, that is not enough to render them liable for retaliation. See Duckett v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 07-CV-6204, 2009 WL 995614, at *11-12 (W.D.N.Y. Apr. 14, 2009) (noting that "when analyzing a pretext claim the inquiry is whether the employer's stated reason is the actual reason for the challenged action and. not whether the employer's stated reason for its decision is ill-advised, mistaken, or unreasonable"). This is the case no matter how ardently Plaintiff believes that GE's previous investigation of her claims of racial discrimination was a "sham" in light of various of her coworkers' offensive (and indeed deplorable) conduct.
For all, of these reasons, the Court grants the Management Defendants' motion for summary judgment.
ACCORDINGLY, it is
ORDERED that Defendant Michele La-noue's motion for summary judgment (Dkt. No. 79) is GRANTED; and .it is further
ORDERED that, the Management Defendants' motion for summary judgment (Dkt. No. 81) is GRANTED; and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall issue a Judgment for Defendants and close this action.
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶7 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 7 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying only a portion of the fact asserted and not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where a factual issue actually arises].) See also Giannullo v. City of New York, 322 F.3d 139, 140 (2d Cir.2003) (holding that "unsupported assertions in. a [Local Rule 56.1] .statement must be disregarded"); Holtz v. Rockefeller & Co., 258 F.3d 62, 73-74 (2d Cir.2001) (noting that, "where the cited materials do not support the factual' assertions in the Statements,, the Court is free to disregard the assertion"). For sake of brevity, the Court will not repeat these case cites below in the various footnotes to. which they also apply.
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶8 [Def. ' Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with 'an accurate record citation] with Diet. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 8 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying only a portion of the fact asserted and not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 9 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt.' No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 9 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying only a portion of the fact asserted and not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 30-31 [attaching pages "314" and "315" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 10 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 10 [Plf.'s Rulé 7.1 Response, denying only a portion of the fact asserted and not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt.'No, 79, Attach. 11, at IT 11 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt, No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 11 [Plf.'s Rule 7,1' Response, denying only a portion of the fact asserted and not supporting that'denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 14 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 14 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].) See also Washington v. City of New York, 05-CV-8884, 2009 WL 1585947, at *1 n. 2 (S.D.N.Y. June 5, 2009) (holding that "the statement provided by Defendants is taken as true because Plaintiff[']s initial response in each instance is 'Admit'"); CA, Inc. v. New Relic, Inc., 12-CV-5468, 2015 WL 1611993, at *2 n. 3 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 8, 2015) (holding that "the Court will consider the statement provided by [Plaintiff] as undisputed because [Defendant's] initial response in each instance is, in fact, 'Undisputed'"). For sake of brevity, the Court will not repeat these case cites below in the various footnotes to which they also apply.
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 15 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 15 [Plf.'s, Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 16 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 16 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 17 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 17 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 18 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an .accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 18 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R, Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence. warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 19 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed'factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 19 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling dnd arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the ' Court's reconsideration of Various of its prior rulings]; see also Dkt. No. 48, at 34-37 [Decision and Order filed March 31, 2014].)
.(Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach, 11, at ¶ 20 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with record citation, although mistakenly citing page "364" instead of pages "304" and "305" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr,] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 20 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting the denial with an accurate record citation, challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and'arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].) See also N.Y. Teamsters Conference Pension & Ret. Fund v. Express Servs., Inc., 426 F.3d 640, 648-49 (2d Cir.2005) (upholding grant of summary judgment where "[t]he district court, applying Rule 7.1 [a][3] strictly, reasonably deemed [movant's] statement of facts to be admitted" because the non-movant submitted a responsive Rule 7.1[a][3] statement that "offered mostly conclusory denials of [movant's] factual assertions and failed to include any record citations"). For sake of brevity, the Court will not repeat this case cite below in the various footnotes to which it applies. ' ' '
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶21 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 21 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported, factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 22 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7:1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25,, at ¶ 22 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but. not supporting that denial with a specific .citation to -the record where the, purported factual issue ac- . tually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, .Attach,-. 11, at ¶,23 [D.ef. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No.. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 23 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with. a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 20 at 43-44 [attaching pages "42'' and "43" of Lanoue's Depo. Tr.].)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 92 [attaching . page "376" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr., stating, "She had a gun picture and something about keep your guns I'll keep my change, or keep your change, whatever, something, one of those same statements' about that"].)
. (Dkt. No. 36, Attach. 4 at 48.)
. (Dkt.. No. 36, Attach. 4, at 49 [showing bumper stick stating, "I'll keep my guns, freedom & integrity. You can keep the 'change.'"].) ;
. (Compare Dkt. No, 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 24 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion .with an accurate record citation] with,Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at; ¶ 24-[Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].) *
.(Compare Dkt. No, 79, Attach. 1.1, at ¶ 26 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 26 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate record citation].) See also Yetman v. Capital Dis. Trans. Auth., 12-CV-1670, 2015 WL 4508362, at *10 (N.D.N.Y. July 23, 2015) (Suddaby, J.) (citing authority for the point of law that the summary judgment procedure involves the disputation of asserted facts, not the disputation of implied facts); Baity v. Kralik, 51 F.Supp.3d 414, 418 (S.D.N.Y.2014) (noting that plaintiff's responses failed to comply with the court's local rules where '"Plaintiff's purported denials . improperly interject arguments and/or immaterial facts in response to facts asserted by Defendants, often speaking past Defendants' asserted facts without specifically controverting those same facts"); Goldstick v. The Hartford, Inc., 00-CV-8577, 2002 WL 1906029, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 19, 2002) (striking plaintiff's Rule 56.1 Statement, in part, because plaintiff added "argumentative and often lengthy narrative in almost every case the object of which is to 'spin' the impact of the admissions plaintiff has been compelled to make"); cf. N.D.N.Y. L.R. 7.1(a)(3) (providing that, to the extent that a non-movant desires to set forth any additional material facts that she contends are in dispute, she is required to do so in separately numbered paragraphs followed by specific record citations). For sake of brevity, the Coprt will not repeat these case cites below in, the various footnotes to which they also apply.
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 28 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt, No, 88, Attach. 25, at ¶28 [Plf.'s Rule 7,1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive 'to the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate record citation].) :
. -(¡Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at4 30 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7,1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach; 25, at ¶ 30 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to'the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate- record' citation].)
. (Compare Dkt, No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶33 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No, 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 33 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21, at ¶ 34 [Adams Affid.].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 34 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 34 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶35 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, 'Attach'. 25, at ¶35 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises],)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 80-83 [attaching pages "364" through "367" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].)
. (Compare Dkt. No, 79, Attach. 11, at 1139 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 .Statement, supporting the above-listed, factual assertion with an accurate record citation] • with Dkt. No, 88, Attach. 25, at 1139 [plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted].) , . .
. (Compare Dkt, No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 40 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt.. No, 88, Attach. 25, at 1140 [Plf.'s .Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 41 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 41 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted].)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 81-86 [attaching pages "365" through "370" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].) -
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 85 [attaching page "369" of Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 44 [Def, Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 44 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 46 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 46 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 47 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶47 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 50 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 50 [Plf.'s Rule 7,1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 60-62 [attaching pages "344" through "346" of Plf.'s Depo. TV.].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 52 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 52 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purportéd factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 53 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 53 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue, actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 54 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with record citation, although mistakenly citing page "355" instead of pages "360" and "361" of Plf.'s Dépo. Tr.] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach, 25, at ¶ 54 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then asserting a non-responsive fact unsupported by the record].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 55 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-lisfed factual assertion with accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 55 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact, asserted then asserting a non-respohsive'fact unsupported by the record].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 58 [Def. Larioue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 58 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 60 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶ 60 [Plf.'s Rule'7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 61 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, At- tach. 25, at ¶61 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted].)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 51-57 [attaching páges "335" through "341" of Plf.'s Depo. TrJ.)
. (Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 7, at 52 [attaching page "336" of-Plf.'s Depo. Tr.].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at 1168 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at 1168 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 79, Attach. 11, at ¶ 75 [Def. Lanoue's Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an , accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 25, at ¶75 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted but not supporting that denial with a specific citation to the record where the purported factual issue actually arises].)
. (Compare Dkt. No, 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 6 [Mgmt. Defs,' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 6 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].) See also Washington v. City of New York, 05-CV-8884, 2009 WL 1585947, at *1 n. 2 (S.D.N.Y. June 5, 2009) (holding that "the statement provided by Defendants is taken as true because Plaintiff[']s initial response in each instance is 'Admit'"); CA, Inc. v. New Relic, Inc., 12-CV-5468, 2015 WL 1611993, at *2 n. 3 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 8, 2015) (holding that "the Court will consider the statement provided by [Plaintiff] as undisputed because ' [Defendant's] initial response in each instance is, in fact, 'Undisputed'"). For sake of brevity, the Court will not repeat these case cites below in the various footnotes to which they also apply.
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 7 [Mgmt. Defs;1' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at -II7 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging •the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach.' 24, at ¶ 8 [Mgmt, Defs.'-Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the' above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 8 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. .No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶9 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule .7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 9 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, .admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior FeÜ.'R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 10 [Mgmt. Defs,' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 10 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted, but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ.- P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 11 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶.11 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the , Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
.(Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 12 [Mgmt.- Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88,-At-tach. 24, at ¶ 12 [Plf.'s. Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. .81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 13 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. .88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 13 [Plf.'s Rule 7.L Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt..No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 14 .[Mgmt, Defs.' Rule 7,1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt.,No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶,!4 [Plf.'s. Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].) '
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 15 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 15 [Plf.'s. Rule 7.1 Response, failing .to deny the fact asserted but merely challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings],)
. (Comparé Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 16 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the abbve-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 16 [Plf.'s Rule 7,1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant' the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach, 24, at ¶ 20 [Mgmt, Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at 1120' [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt; No. 81, Attach. 24, at'1121 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 21 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ, P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 22 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach, 24, at ¶22 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R, Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 23 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶23 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed, R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 24 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 24 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 25 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No, 88, Attach, 24, at ¶25 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P, 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶31 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citation's] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶31 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate record citation].) See also N.Y. Teamsters Conference Pension & Ret. Fund v. Express Servs., Inc., 426 F.3d 640, 648-49 (2d Cir.2005) (upholding grant of summary judgment where "[t]he district court, applying Rule 7.1 [a][3] strictly, reasonably deemed [movant's] statement of facts to be admitted" because the non-movant submitted Á responsive Rule 7.1[a][3] statement that "offered mostly conclusory denials of [movant's] factual assertions and failed to include any record citations"); Yetman v. Capital Dis. Trans. Auth., 12-CV-1670, 2015 WL 4508362, at *10 (N.D.N.Y. July 23, 2015) (Suddaby, J.) (citing authority for the point of law that the summary judgment procedure involves the disputation of asserted facts, not the disputation of implied facts); Baity v. Kralik, 51 F.Supp.3d 414, 418 (S.D.N.Y.2014) (noting that plaintiff's responses failed to comply with the' court's local rules where "Plaintiff's purported denials ., improperly interject arguments and/or immaterial facts in response to facts asserted by Defendants, often speaking past Defendants' asserted facts without specifically controverting those same facts"); Goldstick v. The Hartford, Inc,, 00-CV-8577, 2002 WL 1906029, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 19, 2002) (striking plaintiff's Rule 56.1 Statement, in part, because plaintiff added "argumentative and often lengthy narrative in almost every case the object of which is to 'spin' the impact of the admissions plaintiff has been compelled to make"); cf. N.D.N.Y. L.R. 7.1(a)(3) (providing that, to the extent that a non-movant desires to set forth any additional material facts that she contends are in dispute, she is required to do so in separately numbered paragraphs followed by specific record citations). For sake of brevity, the Court will not repeat these case cites below in the various footnotes to which they also apply,
.(Compare Dkt. No..81, Attach. 24, at ¶32 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No, 88, Attach. 24, at ¶32 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the -fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate record citation],)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶33 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶33 [Plf.'s Rule 7,1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate record citation].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶34 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7,1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶34 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted then attempting to assert a fact that is non-responsive to the fact asserted and unsupported by a specific and accurate record citation].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶36 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶36 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but challenging the Court's prior Fed. R. Civ. P. 56[d] ruling and arguing that unspecified portions of newly discovered record evidence warrant the Court's reconsideration of various of its prior rulings].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 43 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 43 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the'fact ásserted but citing evidence that merely amends the second half of the fact, then adding' a non-responsive statement supported by only a general citation].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 44 '[Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶44 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted and adding two non-responsive statements supported by only general citations].)
.(Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 45 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 45 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted and adding two non-responsive statements supported by only general citations].) '
/ (Compare Dkt. No. 81 j Attach, 24, at ¶ 46 [Mgmt, Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach.'24, at ¶ 46 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, ' admitting the fact asserted and adding three non-responsive statement? supported by only general citations].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 47 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 47 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting part of the fact, denying the remainder of the fact, but not citing to a portion of the record that supports that denial]; see also Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 12, at 2 [attaching copy of letter].)
, (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at.H48 [Mgmt. Defs,' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual. assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 48 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a "sham," and providing only a general citation to two depositions and two affidavits in their entirely].) See also McCullough v. Wyandanch Union Free Sch. Dist., 187 F.3d 272, 280 (2d Cir.1999) (explaining that a plaintiff does not create an issue of fact merely by "impugning [a witness'] honesty"); Zito v. Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, LLP, 869 F.Supp.2d 378, 391 (S.D.N.Y.2012) ("Neither conclusory assertions, nor contentions that the affidavits supporting the motion are not credible, create a genuine issue of material fact."). For sake of brevity, the Court will not repeat these case cites below in the various footnotes to which they also apply.
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 49 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with an accurate record citation] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 48 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted and providing only a general citation that does not support the denial].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 50 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations, although omitting a citation to page "189" to Plf.'s Depo. Tr.] with Dirt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 50 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted and providing only general citations that do not support the denial, including a citation to an affidavit in its entirety].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at IT 51 [Mgmt. Defs.''Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations, although omitting a citation to page "197'' to Plf.'s Depo. Tr.] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 51 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the' fact asserted and providing only general citations that do not support the denial, including a citation to an affidavit in its entirety].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach, 24, at ¶ 52 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations, although omitting a citation to page "203" to Plf.'s Depo. Tr.] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 52 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted and providing only general citations that do not support the denial, including a citation to an affidavit in its entirety].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 54 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 54 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, admitting the fact asserted but calling the Management Defendants' evidence as. a "sham," and providing only a general citation to three depositions and an affidavit in their entirely].)
. (Compare Dkt. No'. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 55 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with citation to attorney declaration, which provides accu- " rate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, At- . tach. 24, at ¶ 54 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a "sham," and providing only a general citation to three depositions and an affidavit in their entirely].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 56 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with citation to attorney declaration, which provides accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, At tach. 24, at ¶ 56 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a "sham," and providing only a general citatioh to three depositions and an affidavit in their entirely].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, -at ¶ 57 [Mgmt. Defs.-' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with citation to attorney declaration, which provides accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, ,at ¶ 57 [Plf.'s Rule /A. Response, denying the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a ."sham," and providing only a general citation to four depositions and two affidavits in their entirely].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. '81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 58 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with citation to attorney declaration; which provides accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 58 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a "sham," and providing only a general citation to three depositions and an affidavit in their entirely].)
. • (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach, 24, .at ¶ 59 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with citation to attorney declaration, which provides accurate record citations, although citing "¶ 354" instead of "¶ 374" of Vavrasek's declaration] with. Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 59 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a "sham," and providing only a general citation to four depositions and two affidavit in their entirely].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶ 60 [Mgmt. Defs.' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting 'the above-listed factual-assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶ 60 [Plf.'s Rule 7.1 Response, denying only part of the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a "sham," and providing only a general citation to four depositions and two affidavits iri their entirely].)
. (Compare Dkt. No. 81, Attach. 24, at ¶61 [Mgmt. Defs,' Rule 7.1 Statement, supporting the above-listed factual assertion with accurate record citations] with Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 24, at ¶61 [Pit's Rule 7.1 Response, denying only part of the fact asserted, calling the Management Defendants' evidence as a '.'sham," and providing only a general citation to four depositions and two affidavits in their entirely].)
. Moreover, it is noteworthy that Ms. Adams does not even state that she told Plaintiff at the time of the alleged incidents that Defendant Lanoue had used, or was using, the term "Black Bitch." (Dkt. No. 88, Attach. 21, at ¶ 32 [Adams Affid.].) This fact is of least some materiality to a hostile work environment claim, See also Leibovitz v. N.Y.C. Transit Auth., 252 F.3d 179, 182 (2d Cir.2001) ("Leibovitz admits that she was unaware of the .alleged harassment when it was happening,"); Benjamin v. Metro. Transp. Auth., 07-CV-3561, 2012 WL 3188764, at *12 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 2, 2012) ("While some of Benjamin's feliow Plaintiffs also make allegations about a hostile work environment, the record does not indicate that Benjamin was aware of any comments made to other Plaintiffs, let alone was present to hear them and have them impact his own work environment."); cf. Greaves v. St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hosp. Ctr., 03-CV-7424, 2005 WL 627635, at *7, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 4082, at *33 (S.D.N.Y. March 17, 2005) (rejecting plaintiff's Section 1981 claim of hostile work- environment because, "[w]ith the exception of a single hearsay remark, 'made outside his presence, Greaves fails to point to any discriminatory insult or abuse").
. Plaintiff's first request for reconsideration was filed on May 3, 2014, and denied on June 4, 2014. (Dkf Nos. 57, 62.)
. Alternatively, the Court can, and does, deem the challenged claim(s) abandoned (regardless of the facial merit of the unrespond-ed-to argument). See Jackson v. Federal Exp., 766 F.3d 189, 197-98 (2d Cir.2014) ("Where a partial response to á motion is made- i.e., referencing some claims or defenses but not others-a distinction between pro se and counseled responses is appropriate. In the case of a pro se, the district court should examine every claim or defense with a view to determining whether summary judgment is legally and factually appropriate. In contrast, in the case of a counseled party, a court may, when appropriate, infer from a party's partial opposition that relevant claims or defenses that are not defended, have been abandoned- In all cases in which summary judgment is granted, the district court must provide an explanation sufficient to allow appellate review. This explanation should, where appropriate, include a - finding of abandonment of undefended claims or defenses.").