Case Name: May Woods v. Incorporated Town of Lisbon, Appellant
Court: Iowa Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Iowa
Decision Date: 1908-05-08
Citations: 138 Iowa 402
Docket Number: 
Parties: May Woods v. Incorporated Town of Lisbon, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Iowa Reports
Volume: 138
Pages: 402–405

Head Matter:
May Woods v. Incorporated Town of Lisbon, Appellant.
Friday, May 8, 1908.
1 Physician and patient: privileged communications. The testimony of a physician who was never consulted by the patient nor the attending physician; but was simply informed of the nature of an operation to be performed and was present at the operation on request of other parties, is not within the privilege provided by statute; and the fact that the physician’s presence was not consented to by the patient or her husband is immaterial.
2 Defective sidewalk: evidence: notice of defect. In an action for injuries, the alleged result of a defective walk, evidence that a street commissioner and a member of the council had actual notice of the condition of the walk prior to the accident is admissible.
3 Same: pleading: new cause of action. A substituted petition alleging a generally dangerous condition of a walk, although in the original petition only specific defects are pointed out, is not the introduction of a new cause of action of which no notice was given.
Appeal from Linn District Court. — Hon. B. H. Milder, Judge.
Suit to recover damages for a personal injury. Verdict and judgment for plaintiff. The defendant appeals.—
Reversed.
Mac. J. Randall and Jamison & Smyth,, for appellant.
E. A. Johnson and Chas. W. Kepler & Son, for appellee.

Opinion:
Sherwin, J.
This is a suit to recover damages alleged to have been caused by a defective sidewalk. It was- alleged that the injuries received produced a miscarriage and otherwise permanently injured the plaintiff; that on account of said injuries she was compelled to go to a hospital for treatment where she remained for more than one hundred days, all of the time under treatment for the injuries received.
The evidence showed that the plaintiff was pregnant at the time she received the injury complained of, and that almost immediately after she fell there was severe pain in her woin^ an<^ abdomen. Dr. York was called soon after the accident and treated her for ker injuries. The plaintiff testified that on Friday, the second day after the injury was received, she suffered labor pains which continued until the following Sunday when she had a miscarriage. She further testified that Dr. York removed the embryo from the womb with instruments, and that within two or three days thereafter a lump appeared on her right side over the right ovary, and that it grew larger until she was removed to the hospital on the Sunday following. The plaintiff testified further as to the treatment given her at the hospital, and that her right ovary and right fallopian tube were removed soon after she went there. The hospital was in Cedar Rapids, and the operations were performed by the Drs. Crawford of that city with the assistance of Dr. York and in the presence of still others. It was the contention of the defendant that the plaintiff's fall had not produced a miscarriage, and that the operations were made necessary by a diseased condition that existed at the time of the accident. Neither Dr. York nor the Drs. Crawford were called by the plaintiff to show her condition before she was taken to the hospital or at that time, nor did either of them testify as to the character of the operations performed for the plaintiff. Dr. H. W. Bender, a physician of Cedar Rapids, witnessed, one of the operations and was called by the defendant to testify relative thereto. On his preliminary examination it appeared that he had never met Dr. York before the day of the operation, and that on that day he met him on the street while on his way to the hospital. Dr. Bender had been employed by the de fend ant to be present at the operation if possible, and lie in fact went to tbe hospital when Dr. York did. Before reaching the hospital Dr. York told Dr. Bender what the operation was to be, but neither at that time nor at any other time was there any consultation between them as to the case or as to the nature of the operation about to be performed.' The testimony showed absolutely that the relation of physician and patient did not exist, that Dr. Bender in no way participated in the work, and that he was merely an observer thereof.
The trial court held him an incompetent witness under section 4608 of the Code. The ruling was erroneous and prejudicial to the defendant. The section provides that " no practicing . . . physician, surgeon . . . who obtains such information by reason of his employment, . . . shall be allowed, in giving testimony, to disclose any confidential communication properly intrusted to him in his professional capacity, and necessary and proper to enable him to discharge the functions- of his office according to the usual course of practice or discipline." The statute has been construed to include knowledge or information acquired by the physician by observation or examination. Finnegan v. Sioux City, 112 Iowa, 232. And if the relationship of physician and patient had existed at the time in question, the ruling would have been correct. But, as we have heretofore said, there was no such relationship, and without it the testimony offered was clearly competent. There was no confidential relation, and hence no privilege existed. Battis v. Railway Co., 124 Iowa, 623; State v. Swafford, 98 Iowa, 362; State v. Smith, 99 Iowa, 26; Sutcliffe v. Traveling Men's Ass'n, 119 Iowa, 220; 1 Elliott on Evidence, section 634, and cases cited. In Sutcliffe v. Ass'n, supra, it was said that the mere presence of the physician did not render the communication confidential when not such in fact.
The appellee urges that Dr. Bender was not in the operating room with the consent of the plaintiff or her hus band, and that because thereof he can give no testimony as to what he observed. We know of no authority going to this extent; but, on the contrary, such a holding would be directly adverse to the rule of the cases and to the language and intent of the statute itself. In State v. Height, 117 Iowa, 650, we held that the testimony of a physician who had made an examination of a man against his will was competent because the confidential relation protected by the statute did not exist.
Evidence was received over the defendant's objections that the street commissioner and one member of the city council had actual notice of the condition of the walk prior the accident. The evidence was competent. Owen v. City of Fort Dodge, 98 Iowa, 281; Carter v. Town of Monticello, 68 Iowa, 179.
The plaintiff filed a substituted petition in which she alleged the generally dangerous condition of the walk in question, whereas in her original petition she had complained of specific defects. The substituted petition n . . did not m our judgment plead a new cause of action for which no notice had been given. The action was commenced within three months after the accident happened, and the condition of the walk as alleged in the substituted petition was but an amplification of the charge, which is permissible. Sachra v. Town of Manilla, 120 Iowa, 562; Cahill v. Ill. Cent. R. Co. 137 Iowa, 577; Thayer v. Coal Co., 129 Iowa, 551. The court properly refused to direct a verdict for the plaintiff. The evidence on the question of notice of the condition of the walk was sufficient to take the case to the jury.
Some forty more errors are assigned, but, as it is impossible to notice them all in detail, and as the others are not likely to arise on a retrial of the case, we need not give them further consideration. For the error pointed out, the judgment must be reversed.