Case Name: Carol A. Leo vs. Arthur A. Armington et al.
Court: Supreme Court of Rhode Island
Jurisdiction: Rhode Island
Decision Date: 1948-07-23
Citations: 74 R.I. 297
Docket Number: 
Parties: Carol A. Leo vs. Arthur A. Armington et al.
Judges: Present: Flynn, C. J., Capotosto, Baker, Condon and O’Connell, JJ.
Reporter: Rhode Island Reports
Volume: 74
Pages: 297–305

Head Matter:
Carol A. Leo vs. Arthur A. Armington et al.
JULY 23, 1948.
Present: Flynn, C. J., Capotosto, Baker, Condon and O’Connell, JJ.

Opinion:
O'Connell, J.
This is a bill in equity for the construction of the will of Simon W. Wardwell, late of the city of Providence. The cause was heard in the superior court on bill and answers, and being ready for hearing for final decree was certified to this court for determination in accordance with general laws 1938, chapter 545, §7.
Under his will the testator made no specific bequests, but left his entire estate, inventoried at $241,827.20 personal estate and $100,000 real estate, to four trustees for the benefit of his wife, four sisters, a brother, and the four trustees. Upon the death of his wife, his sisters, and his brother, he made provision under the tenth clause of his will for the income payable to them during their respective lifetimes to be paid to persons related to them by blood, in class groups. With reference to the income payable to his wife and sisters, he provided as follows: "I direct that upon the death of my wife, her income aforesaid be distributed equally among her three nieces (daughters of her brother Wm. J. Shea of St. Louis, Mo) and Richard P. Shea, her brother during their lives. I direct that upon the death of any one of my sisters, her income be distributed among her daughters and their daughters
The bill alleges that, subsequent to the death of the testator, his wife, Mary E. Wardwell, died leaving surviving the respondents Catherine S. Meyer and Theresa Shea, two of the nieces above mentioned, and her brother Richard P. Shea. Also subsequent to his death Carol Lip-man, a sister of the testator, died leaving surviving her daughters, Adelina C. L. Appleton and Harriet L. Carola, and her granddaughter, Carol A. Leo, the complainant, who is a daughter of Adelina C. L. Appleton. Upon their respective deaths the trustees paid the income formerly payable to the testator's wife, in equal shares, to the respondents Catherine S. Meyer, Theresa Shea and Richard P. Shea, and the income formerly payable to Carol Lipman, in equal shares, to the said Adelina C. L. Appleton, Harriet L. Carola, and the complainant.
More recently Richard P. Shea and Harriet L. Carola have died and the question specifically raised by the bill and the answers of the respondents is whether the income formerly paid to said deceased beneficiaries should be paid to the remaining members of the respective groups to which such deceased beneficiaries belonged, or whether such income should be accumulated and added to principal and become part of the corpus of the ultimate gift to charity. The respondents Catherine S. Meyer and Theresa Shea contend that the income formerly payable to Richard P. Shea should be paid to them in equal shares as the surviving members of a class to whom the income formerly payable to the testator's wife is payable. The complainant and the respondent Adelina C. L. Appleton, her mother, contend that the income formerly payable to Harriet L. Carola should be paid to them in equal shares as the surviving members of a class to whom the income formerly payable to Carol Lipman, the testator's sister, is payable.
The trustees admit that the complainant and the respondents above mentioned are surviving members of the two classes hereinbefore referred to, but have refused payment to them of additional income on the ground that the testator intended that the income formerly payable to Richard P. Shea and Harriet L. Carola should not be paid to the surviving members of such classes but that it should be accumulated and added to principal.
The allegations of fact contained in the bill are in general admitted by the above-named respondents and by the trustees, who join in the prayer of the complainant for construction. These respondents in their answers pray for the construction of this will in accordance with their respective claims as above set forth. The guardian ad litem for unascertained persons who may have an interest in the subject matter of this bill has filed an answer neither admitting nor denying the allegations thereof and submitting the interests of such persons to the care and protection of the court.
Following the recent opinion of this court in the instant cause in which we stated that a charitable trust is involved and that the attorney general should therefore be made a party to this suit, John H. Nolan, attorney general of the state of Rhode Island, was added as a party respondent, and in his capacity as representative of the interests of. the public has filed his answer, submitting such interests to the care and protection of the court. In his brief he takes the same position as the respondent trustees, contending that upon the death of one of the members of the several classes referred to in the bill of complaint, the income formerly payable to such deceased member should not be paid to the surviving members of such classes, but should be accumulated and added to principal so that the corpus of the ultimate gift to charity would be thereby augmented. The other respondents named in the bill are all the other beneficiaries of the trust and they have been duly, subpoenaed but have entered no appearance in this cause. No evidence was offered in the superior court by any of the parties.
We think it is clear that the bequests provided for under both clauses of the will, as quoted above, are gifts to a class, as defined in 1 Jarman on-Wills (6th ed.) 262, approved in Hazard v. Stevens, 36 R. I. 90, 98, and cited in Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co. v. Proprietors of Swan Point Cemetery, 62 R. I. 83, 94. The trustees in their argument and brief do not challenge this classification but seek the advice of this court as to whether or not the principle of survivorship and the usual incidents thereof should be applied in the distribution of income as each member of such class dies.
The trustees agree with the complainant and those respondents who have filed answers and briefs that the general rule is that a gift of an aggregate sum to a body of persons uncertain in number, to be ascertained later, the shares of each being dependent upon the ultimate number of persons composing the group, carries with it the rights of survivorship in such group. Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co. v. Calef, 43 R. I. 518. In that case the court, having found that the legacy in question was a class gift, used the following language: "There can be no arbitrary division of an aggregate sum which would permit the lapsing of a part of such a legacy. As long as there are surviving mem bers of the class the aggregate sum must be divided between the members thereof in the proportions established by the testator."
An examination of the will now before us supports the view that the ultimate charity is to receive nothing under the will until the death of the last person named in the will as a beneficiary. The tenth clause provided that all-income up to $6000 per annum should be delivered to the wife of the testator and then provided for the distribution of the income in varying amounts up to $50,000 between his wife, sisters, brother, and the four trustees.
The time when the corpus of the trust is to be devoted to charity is clearly stated in the last clause of the will, which reads as follows: "After the decease of the last surviving beneficiary named or referred to in this will, I then direct my trustees or their successors to dispose of the entire trust estate in their discretion, in furtherance of my intentions as expressed in the Ninth paragraph on page 3." Therefore the ultimate disposition of the corpus to charity is not now before us.
It clearly appears from a careful study of the entire will that the testator's general plan was to provide, for a distribution of the income from the trust among his wife and her relatives, his own relatives, the trustees, and that group of persons known to the trustees to have been loyal to him in his struggle to establish his business, which had become successful mainly as a result of his invention of the Ward-well braiding machine. Nowhere is there any manifestation of an intention to accelerate the time when the gift for charitable purposes should take effect nor to accumulate funds during the lifetime of any beneficiary in order to increase the corpus of the gift to charity.
The testator expressly provided that all income up to $50,000 per year should be paid to the groups referred to above and that all in excess of that amount of annual income should be paid to those loyal employees and acquaintances whom the testator wished to become the recipients of his appreciation and bounty. He expressly provided for the payment of all net income of the trust-until the death of the last surviving beneficiary.
We think this case is analogous to that of Monroe for an Opinion, 42 R. I. 412, and that the rule of construction therein stated is applicable here. In the Monroe case the court construed the following clause: "I give to Amy A. Whipple and Winnie Lewis Monroe of Central Falls, R. I. the income from the residue of my estate both personal and real, share and share alike, during their lifetime, and at their deaths, I give and bequeath all the residue of my estate both personal and real to the Central Falls Public Library, as a memorial to the late Lisander Flagg and his family." In that case the court stated: "We are of the opinion that it manifestly appears that the intention of the testatrix was that Amy A. Whipple and Winnie Lewis Monroe should take the income of the residue of the estate as joint tenants and not as tenants in common. We have here all the essentials of a joint tenancy, namely, unity of interest, title, time, and possession, accompanied by the clear and evident intention of the testatrix as manifested by the provisions of the will to create a joint tenancy and not a tenancy in common."
Answering specifically the questions propounded in the request for construction in the instant cause, our conclusion is that the gifts of income referred to in the first part of this opinion are payable by the trustees to the surviving members of each class created by the testator, as they may be determined at the time when the income is payable under the terms of the will; that the income formerly payable to Richard P. Shea should be paid to the respondents Catherine S. Meyer and Theresa Shea, in equal shares, as the surviving members of the class to which the said Richard P. Shea belonged; and that the income formerly payable to Harriet L. Carola should be paid to the complainant and the respondent Adelina C. L. Appleton, in equal shares, as the surviving members of the class to which the said Harriet L. Carola belonged.
Fred Brosco, for complainant.
Sherwood & Clifford, Sidney Clifford, of counsel, for respondents Adelina C. L. Appleton, Catherine S. Meyer and Theresa Shea.
John L. Curran, for respondent trustees.
John H. Nolan, Attorney General, Guillaume L. Parent, Assistant Attorney General, for State.
The parties may present to this court a form of decree, in accordance with this opinion, to be entered in the superior court.
Moss, J., did not participate in the decision.
Wilfrid E. McKenna, for complainant.
Kirshenbaum & Kirshenbaum, for respondents.