Case Name: Thomas Plunkett, Resp't, v. Florence Donovan and Michael Lane, App'lts
Court: Brooklyn City Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1891-01-26
Citations: 36 N.Y. St. Rep. 91
Docket Number: 
Parties: Thomas Plunkett, Resp’t, v. Florence Donovan and Michael Lane, App’lts.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 36
Pages: 91–92

Head Matter:
Thomas Plunkett, Resp’t, v. Florence Donovan and Michael Lane, App’lts.
(City Court of Brooklyn, General Term,
Filed January 26, 1891.)
.Master and servant—Open and apparent risks are assumed by servant.
Where the risk of the absence of a guard, are open and apparent, and the servant has been accustomed to use similar machines for years, he must be held to have assumed such risk, and it is error for the court to submit any questions in relation thereto to the jury.
Appeal from judgment in favor of plaintiff, entered upon verdict, and from order denying motion for' a new trial on the minutes.
J. A. Wernberg, for resp’t; A. G. McDonald, for app’lts.

Opinion:
Clement, Ch. J.
The plaintiff was in the employ of defendants, who are manufacturers of shoes, and on the 25th day of November, 1889, while at work on a machine used for splitting leather, was injured. The learned judge who tried the case submitted to the jury three questions as to the negligence of the defendants : 1. Whether it was carelessness not to furnish a guard to the machine; 2. Whether the springs were weak, and 3. Whether "the defendants were negligent or not, from the fact that the machine was not fastened to the floor.
The counsel for defendant asked the court to charge the jury to disregard the absence of the guard as tending to show any negligence by the defendants, which request was refused. The counsel also excepted to the submission to the jury of the question whether the plaintiff did not assume the absence of the guard as one of the risks of his employment.
We think that the court erred in submitting to the jury any question in relation to the guard. The rule applicable to this case is laid down in Gibson v. The Erie Railway Co., 63 N. Y., 449, 453: If the defects in the machinery or other appliances are as well known to the servant as to the master, the servant must be regarded as voluntarily incurring the risks resulting from its use, unless the master by urging on the servant or coercing him into danger, or some other way, directly contributes to the injury." See also DeForest v. Jewett, 88 N. Y., 264; Sweeney v. Berlin & Jones Envelope Co., 101 id., 520.
The plaintiff knew that there was no guard, and had worked on similar machines for ten years. There were two rollers and a knife between them, open and visible, and the object of the guard was to prevent injury to the hands of the employe. The machine was a very simple one and could be understood by a skilled laborer without instruction. The risk of the absence of the guard was open and apparent.
It is not necessary to consider the other questions in the case in view of our conclusion on the point stated. The judgment and order denying a new trial must be reversed, and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.
Yan Wyok, J., concurs.