Case Name: FRANKLIN et ux, Respondents, v. SPENCER et al, Defendants, HARBER et al, Appellants; HARBER et ux, Appellants, v. FRANKLIN et ux, Respondents
Court: Oregon Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Oregon
Decision Date: 1989-06-14
Citations: 97 Or. App. 202
Docket Number: 86-1253 and 86-1288; CA A44858
Parties: FRANKLIN et ux, Respondents, v. SPENCER et al, Defendants, HARBER et al, Appellants. HARBER et ux, Appellants, v. FRANKLIN et ux, Respondents.
Judges: Before Graber, Presiding Judge, and Riggs and Edmonds, Judges.
Reporter: Oregon Reports, Court of Appeals
Volume: 97
Pages: 202–211

Head Matter:
On respondents’ petition for reconsideration filed February 15, petition for reconsideration allowed; former opinion (94 Or App 355, 765. P2d 1242) withdrawn; reconsideration denied August 25, petition for review allowed October 26, 1989
affirmed June 14,
(308 Or 465)
FRANKLIN et ux, Respondents, v. SPENCER et al, Defendants, HARBER et al, Appellants. HARBER et ux, Appellants, v. FRANKLIN et ux, Respondents.
(86-1253 and 86-1288; CA A44858)
776 P2d 13
Guy B. Rencher II, P.C., Corvallis, for the petition.
J. Christopher Minor, Newport, for appellant Linzy, contra.
Before Graber, Presiding Judge, and Riggs and Edmonds, Judges.
GRABER, P. J.
Edmonds, J., dissenting.

Opinion:
GRABER, P. J.
Plaintiffs petition for reconsideration of our decision. 94 Or App 355, 765 P2d 1241 (1988). We allow the petition, withdraw our former opinion, and affirm.
Loevitaur owned real property in Lincoln County. In 1970, he mortgaged it to the Walters. In 1981, defendants Harber obtained two judgments against Loevitaur. In August, 1982, defendants Drobnic obtained a judgment against Loevitaur. All three judgments were docketed as provided in ORS 18.320. On December 1, 1981, the Walters filed a civil action to foreclose their mortgage. The Harbers were among the original defendants in the foreclosure action; the Walters added the Drobnics as defendants after learning of their interest. The court entered a judgment on February 18, 1985, foreclosing the mortgage and ordering that the interests of all parties, including the Harbers and the Drobnics, be sold at a sheriffs sale. Defendant Linzy bought the property on April 5, 1985, at the sale. Loevitaur thereafter sold his interest to plaintiffs, who redeemed the property on April 4,1986. Some time later, Linzy purchased the Drobnics' judgment.
After the redemption, the Harbers levied execution on the property and sought to have defendant Spencer, the Lincoln County sheriff, sell it to satisfy their judgment lien. Plaintiffs then brought this action to enjoin the sale and to declare that the Harbers' and the Drobnics' liens did not revive when plaintiffs, as Loevitaur's grantees, redeemed the property from the sale to Linzy. The trial court granted the injunction. The Harbers and Linzy appeal. In our former opinion, we held that the liens did revive and that the Harbers and Linzy could execute on them. We are now persuaded that that holding conflicts with the controlling Supreme Court cases and is, therefore, incorrect.
In our former opinion, we concluded that, under ORS 18.350(1), the judgments against Loevitaur became liens on the property when they were entered and would remain liens on his interest in it until the redemption period expired and his interest was entirely divested. Under ORS 23.530(1), plaintiffs could receive no greater title when they redeemed than Loevitaur would have received, had he redeemed. 94 Or App at 358-59. We held, therefore, that plaintiffs took Loevitaur's interest subject to the judgment liens and that, when plaintiffs redeemed, the entire estate was again subject to those liens.
Our original conclusion would also appear to follow from the rule that a purchaser at a sheriffs sale acquires only an equitable estate in the realty, while the legal title remains in the mortgagor or judgment debtor until the purchaser receives a sheriffs deed when the redemption period ends. See Maas v. Bolinger, 261 Or 23, 27, 492 P2d 276 (1971); Kaston v. Storey, 47 Or 150, 80 P 217 (1905). From that rule, it would seem that the mortgagor's legal title remains encumbered by the judgment liens after the sale and that those liens reattach to the entire estate when the purchaser's equitable interest terminates, as by a redemption, before it ripens into legal title. But see Call v. Jeremiah, 246 Or 568, 574 n 3, 425 P2d 502 (1967). However, a reexamination of the relevant Supreme Court cases convinces us that that court has reached a contrary conclusion.
In Williams v. Wilson, 42 Or 299, 70 P 1031 (1902), the owner of the property mortgaged it; thereafter, several judgments were entered against him. The mortgagee filed a suit to foreclose. The judgment creditors appeared in the suit, asking that their judgments be paid out of the proceeds of the foreclosure sale, and the court so decreed. The purchaser at the sale paid enough to cover all but one of the judgments. After the sale, the plaintiff obtained the mortgagor's interest and redeemed. The defendant, who owned the remaining judgment, then executed on it. The plaintiff brought suit to enjoin the execution sale. The Supreme Court emphasized that the purpose for the statutory requirement that the judgment lien creditor be made a defendant in a foreclosure action is to divest the creditor of any interest in the property. 42 Or at 306. The court described the status of a judgment creditor who is made a party to the foreclosure:
"If he desires to perpetuate his lien as it pertains to the particular property involved by the suit, it is plain he must set it up; otherwise he must stand in default, and can get nothing. Of what avail would be a decree, if, notwithstanding, the judgment creditor could have execution issue, and sell under his judgment?
"The clear purpose as well as effect of a foreclosure proceeding under the statute is to conclude all parties to the record, and bind them by the decree. The parties can have no remedy or process to enforce their individual liens as they existed prior to the foreclosure, because it cuts them off, and gives them the process provided for the enforcement of the decree where the priorities are determined and the assets marshaled 42 Or at 307.
1, 2. In short, the Supreme Court held that a judgment creditor who is a party to a foreclosure suit loses the judgment lien on the foreclosed property and must rely instead on the fund created by the foreclosure sale. Later cases have not affected that holding. In Kaston v. Storey, supra, the judgment liens attached after the foreclosure sale. The court held that those liens revived after the redemption, because the judgment creditors were not, and could not have been, joined in the foreclosure suit and, therefore, could not have participated in the proceeds of the sale. Although the judgments were entered after the sale, they nevertheless became liens on the mortgagor's retained legal title to the property. The redemption defeated the purchaser's inchoate right and restored the title to the same state that it would have had in the absence of a sale. The court distinguished Williams v. Wilson, supra, on the ground that, in Williams, the judgment creditor had been able to participate in the foreclosure. Nothing in the court's reasoning in Kaston is inconsistent with Williams.
Two other cases that we discussed in our former opinion also do not support its result. In Ulrich et al. v. Lincoln Realty Co. et al., 180 Or 380, 168 P2d 582, 175 P2d 149 (1947), the mortgagee recovered a deficiency judgment against the mortgagor in the foreclosure proceeding. The court held that that judgment attached at the time of the foreclosure decree. Because the mortgagor had transferred title before then, the judgment never actually attached. Thus, there was nothing to reinstate after the mortgagor's assignee redeemed. 180 Or at 399-400. ORS 18.350(1) does not provide for judgment liens on property that the defendant does not own.
Finally, in Call v. Jeremiah, supra, the court held that second mortgagees who had been parties to the foreclosure of the first mortgage could not, after redemption, seek to foreclose their mortgage. The first foreclosure extinguished their mortgage lien. The court did say, in a passage that we quoted in part in our former opinion, that a general lien,
"not being terminated by a decree or by the sale, continues to encumber the property during the redemption period and a grantee of the debtor takes subject to the encumbrance." 246 Or at 582; quoted at 94 Or App at 360.
Our quotation was misleading, because in that portion of the opinion the court was discussing the effect of an execution on a judgment, not of a mortgage foreclosure. In an execution, unlike a mortgage foreclosure, there is no general judgment that cuts off the other liens or establishes priorities. For that reason, the lien of a judgment will continue to encumber the legal title in the judgment debtor after the sale and will affect the entire title in the event of redemption. That reasoning has nothing to do with the revival of a judgment lien that has been expressly terminated as part of the foreclosure of a mortgage.
The dissent argues that ORS 23.530(1) overruled Williams v. Wilson, supra. That statute simply provides that the assignee of a right of redemption has no greater rights after redemption than would the assignor. The statute has nothing to do with Williams. Perhaps that is why the Supreme Court has continued to treat Williams as good law since the adoption of ORS 23.530. See, e.g., Call v. Jeremiah, supra, 246 Or at 573 n 2; Ulrich et al. v. Lincoln Realty Co. et al., supra, 180 Or at 386, 399. Although the judgment lien will reattach if the assignor redeems, that will be a new lien as the result of ORS 18.350. That is, the assignor did not have what the dissent assumes that he had, because there is no lien attached to the right of redemption itself. See note 4, supra. When the assignee took the title, there was no lien attached to it. The judgment lienors must be content with one sale of the property at its full value. That sale clears the legal title of the liens of all persons who were made parties to the foreclosure action, and a later assignment of the legal title to a third party does not revive those liens.
The Harbers and the Drobnics were parties to the mortgage foreclosure action. The judgment in that action determined their rights in the property and gave them priorities for sharing in the proceeds of the sale. Their liens were inferior to the mortgage, and what they received, therefore, was all that they could claim. The land was not a miraculous pitcher, able to pour forth money from sale after sale until all claims against its owner were paid. See Call v. Jeremiah, supra, 246 Or at 578. Rather, as a result of the mortgage foreclosure, it was available for one sale and, thus, it was in the interest of the other lienholders to ensure that that sale would be at a price close to the full value of the land. See Willis v. Miller, 23 Or 352, 362, 31 P 827 (1893). If that value was insufficient to pay the Harbers' and the Drobnics' liens, they lost nothing that they actually had; they cannot get more from the land than was in it. The trial court correctly enjoined the execution sale and declared the rights of the parties.
Petition for reconsideration allowed; former opinion withdrawn; affirmed.
In Harber v. Franklin, trial court number 86-1288, appellants assigned no errors. We therefore affirm.
In our former opinion, we said that the Drobnics were not parties to the foreclosure action and that they did not obtain their judgment until after the foreclosure sale. Those statements were incorrect.
When the sheriffs sale in this case took place, ORS 25.560 permitted redemption within one year after the date of the sale. By Or Laws 1985, ch 760, § 2, the redemption period was shortened to 180 days. See Director of Veterans' Affairs v. Peterson, 94 Or App 314, 766 P2d 386 (1988), rev allowed 307 Or 514 (1989).
In all of the cases that we discuss, the redemption was by an assignee of the rights of the original owner, rather than by the owner. In 1917, the legislature adopted the predecessor of ORS 23.530, which now provides that an assignee who redeems "shall acquire no greater or better right thereby to the property so redeemed than the holder of the legal title at the time of such judgment." Thus, the fact of an assignment has no direct significance to the revival of the judgment liens. The assignee who redeems is in the same position as the assignor would have been if the assignor had redeemed at the time of the assignment. For that reason, we discuss the question of revival from the viewpoint of the mortgagor/judgment debtor rather than of the assignee. In one respect, however, the situations are different. If the mortgagor/ judgment debtor redeems, the judgments again attach to the land as of the date of redemption. The reason is not that the liens revive as a result of the redemption, but that ORS 18.350 provides that the judgment is a lien on all real property of the judgment debtor in the county where it is entered. Under that statute, the liens attach anew when the judgment debtor regains full title to the land, in the same way that they would attach to any other real property that the debtor acquires.