Case Name: DAVID A. FRIEDMAN v. CONNECTICUT BAR EXAMINING COMMITTEE
Court: Connecticut Appellate Court
Jurisdiction: Connecticut
Decision Date: 2003-06-24
Citations: 77 Conn. App. 526
Docket Number: AC 23051
Parties: DAVID A. FRIEDMAN v. CONNECTICUT BAR EXAMINING COMMITTEE
Judges: 
Reporter: Connecticut Appellate Reports
Volume: 77
Pages: 526–564

Head Matter:
DAVID A. FRIEDMAN v. CONNECTICUT BAR EXAMINING COMMITTEE
(AC 23051)
Lavery, C. X, and Bishop and Stoughton, Js.
Argued February 19
officially released June 24, 2003
Kenneth A. Votre, with whom was Charlene Lynton, for the appellant (petitioner).
John B. Farley, with whom were Ralph W. Johnson III and, on the brief, Dan E. LaBelle, for the appellee (respondent).

Opinion:
Opinion
LAVERY, C. J.
The petitioner, David A. Friedman, appeals from the judgment of the trial court, denying his petition for admission to the bar of Connecticut. The petitioner argues that the court improperly (1) denied his petition for admission to the bar, (2) remanded this matter two times to the respondent, the Connecticut bar examining committee, for additional factual findings and (3) failed to make a determination of his current fitness to practice law. We disagree with the petitioner, and, accordingly, affirm the judgment of the trial court.
The record reveals the following facts. The petitioner, a graduate of Quinnipiac College School of Law (Quinnipiac), passed the Connecticut bar examination in 1998. On November 16, 1998, the standing committee on recommendations for Fairfield County interviewed the petitioner regarding allegations that he had cheated while in law school. Following its investigation, the standing committee recommended the petitioner for admission to the bar. On January 4, 1999, the respondent, however, notified the petitioner that it would hold a formal hearing on his application. The hearing took place on January 7 and June 25, 1999. On January 14, 2000, the respondent recommended that the petitioner be denied admission to the bar of the state of Connecticut on the basis of its finding that the petitioner "lack[ed] present good moral character."
The petitioner then filed a petition for admission to the Connecticut bar with the Superior Court, claiming that the respondent's decision constituted a manifest abuse or injustice, or was made arbitrarily, unreasonably, in abuse of discretion or without a fair investigation of the facts. By decision dated April 24, 2002, the court concluded that the respondent's findings were supported by adequate facts in the record. The court, therefore, denied the petition for admission to the bar. Thereafter, the petitioner filed the present appeal.
I
The petitioner first argues that the court improperly affirmed the respondent's decision denying his application for admission to the bar. According to the petitioner, the respondent's findings were arbitrary, unreasonable and not based on a fair investigation of the facts. We disagree and conclude that sufficient evidence existed to support the respondent's decision.
"When reviewing the legal conclusions of the trial court concerning the adequacy of evidence before the respondent, we need only determine whether the respondent's finding, that the petitioner lacked good moral character, is supported in the record of the application proceedings. . . . [T]he issue before the court is whether the committee or the bar, in withholding its approval for admission, acted arbitrarily or unreasonably or in abuse of its discretion or without a fair investigation of the facts. . . . Because the trial court exercises no discretion, but rather is confined to a review of the record before the [respondent], we are not limited to the deferential standard of manifest abuse or injustice when reviewing its legal conclusions about the adequacy of the evidence before the [respondent]." (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Doe v. Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, 263 Conn. 39, 50, 818 A.2d 14 (2003); Scott v. State Bar Examining Committee, 220 Conn. 812, 823, 601 A.2d 1021 (1992).
Before commencing our review, we note that "the Superior Court's role in reviewing a petition for admission is not that of factfinder." Scott v. State Bar Examining Committee, supra, 220 Conn. 822. The trier of fact, rather, "determines with finality the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be accorded their testi mony." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. We also emphasize that "[g]ood moral character is a necessary and proper qualification for admission to the bar. . . . In this state, the ultimate burden of proving good character rests upon the applicant. . . . [W]hile there is no litmus test by which to determine whether an applicant for admission to the [b]ar possesses good moral character . . no moral character qualification for [b]ar membership is more important than truthfulness and candor. . It is not enough for an attorney that he be honest. He must be that, and more. He must be believed to be honest." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Doe v. Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, supra, 263 Conn. 51-52.
The respondent based its determination that the petitioner lacked good moral character on (1) an incident in which he allegedly brought unauthorized materials into a closed book examination while he was a student at Quinnipiac and (2) its determination that he had been untruthful in his testimony before the respondent. In that regard, the record before the respondent reveals the following facts. On September 25, 1995, the petitioner was charged with having violated subsections (A), (C) and (D) of § 3 of the Quinnipiac student con duct code in connection with his spring, 1995, constitutional law examination. The student discipline committee held hearings on the matter on August 30, September 5 and September 6, 1996. That committee heard testimony from four witnesses and received nine exhibits during those hearings.
Fellow law student Lynn Fiore testified at the hearing that she sat behind the petitioner at the May 5, 1995 closed book examination. Fiore testified that prior to the examination, as she was trying to study, she overheard another law student remark to the petitioner, "What are you so nervous about? Everybody does it; no one admits it." She testified that she noticed that the petitioner was studying an outline on a white piece of paper, and that immediately prior to the examination, she saw that paper on the petitioner's desk under a single piece of white paper. Fiore also testified that she overheard the petitioner ask Matthew Goldzweig, another law student, what he was leaving on his desk during the examination; according to Fiore, Goldzweig replied that he was taking everything off his desk.
Fiore testified that once the examination began, she prepared a brief outline for the first eight to ten minutes and did not observe the petitioner. Fiore testified that when she finished preparing her outline, she looked up and saw, next to the petitioner, the white piece of paper with the blue ink that she had seen prior to the start of the examination. She was not able to read the paper and could not testify as to its contents. She did state, however, that once the examination began, she was writing constantly and could not have written as much as was written on the piece of paper she saw next to the petitioner.
Goldzweig also testified at the hearing before the student discipline committee. His testimony was as follows. The petitioner was seated in front and to the right of him during the spring, 1995, constitutional law examination. When Goldzweig arrived for the examination, he noticed the petitioner studying a "condensed outline" on a piece of paper. After the proctor asked everyone to clear the desks because it was a closed book examination, Goldzweig observed the petitioner fold up the piece of paper and place it underneath the blue book. Goldzweig spent the first few minutes of the examination preparing a brief outline, and then looked up and observed that the petitioner had the outline on his desk and was referring to it. Goldzweig could not testify as to the content of the document he saw; he stated, however, that it would have taken him much more than the two minutes he took to prepare his outline to create the one he saw on the petitioner's desk.
The petitioner called as a witness Yvonne Shoff, another law student who was present at the spring, 1995, constitutional law examination. The petitioner sat behind and to the left of Shoff during the examination. Shoff testified that she looked back when the examinations were being handed out and saw that the petitioner had his exam facing up and was starting to read the first page. Shoff asked the petitioner to turn his exam over, which he did. Shoff observed the petitioner for only a "split second" and did not notice anything else unusual.
The petitioner testified at the hearing. According to the petitioner, when the proctor told the students to put away their study materials, he "removed everything from [his] desk except for [his] pen that [he] used for the exam, a spare pen in case [he] ran out and a blank sheet of white paper." The petitioner stated that he prepared an outline once the examination began, and he identified that at the hearing as respondent's exhibit one. He testified that once he wrote that outline during the examination, it remained on his desk and he referred to it while preparing his examination answers. He testified that he did not refer to any other materials during the examination. He testified that he did not cheat on the examination, and, when asked why others believe he did, he stated that those who testified against him, particularly Goldzweig, never liked him.
The student discipline committee concluded that "there is strong, positive proof which is clear, decisive and free from doubt that [the petitioner] brought an outline or other written document with him into the examination room, and hid the document for the purpose of gaining an advantage on the examination. The committee has no evidence of the contents of the document and cannot conclude that the document was of material value to [the petitioner]. Despite this, we conclude that [the petitioner] violated [§ 3 A (2) and D] of the student conduct code." The committee therefore imposed sanctionS/Onfthe petitioner.
On January 24,1997, Neil H. Cogan, dean and professor of law at Quinnipiac, reversed the decision of the student discipline committee "on the grounds that the delay in notifying [the petitioner] of the charges and the delay in bringing the charges to a hearing were excessive and may have prejudiced [the petitioner's] defense against those charges." Cogan stated, however, that he was "obligated . to file the materials with [the petitioner's] records for transmittal to any bar admissions committee that might have appropriate jurisdiction."
The petitioner passed the Connecticut bar examination in July, 1998. On January 4, 1999, the respondent sent a "Notice of Hearing" to the petitioner, informing him that on January 7, 1999, it would hold a hearing on his application for admission to the practice of law in Connecticut. The notice specified that the hearing would involve the proceedings following the constitutional law examination at Quinnipiac, and the petitioner's candor and credibility during the application process.
A panel of the respondent committee held a hearing on the matter on January 7 and June 25, 1999. On both occasions, the petitioner testified and was represented by counsel. The petitioner testified that once the constitutional law examination began, he immediately wrote a brief outline, which he used to help him remember all of the key points that he wanted to include in his answers. Flore testified at the hearing as well. She again recounted that prior to the examination, she overheard another law student ask the petitioner why he was so nervous and stated that "everyone does it." She testified that prior to the commencement of the examination, she saw the petitioner studying a piece of paper, and, once the blue books were distributed, she saw the bottom portion of it underneath the blue book in front of the petitioner. She described that paper as "being fairly full of writing, margin to margin."
On January 14, 2000, the panel issued its decision in which it stated: "Cheating on a law school exam is an act of dishonesty. [The petitioner] perpetrated a falsehood upon the academic process at Quinnipiac College School of Law by attempting to obtain a grade which he had not earned. It is also noteworthy that the misconduct in question occurred in connection with obtaining his law degree, a requisite for becoming a member of the bar, and was an offense committed by one whose age and experience was well beyond the era of youthful indiscretion." The panel therefore found, by clear and convincing evidence, that the petitioner lacked present good moral character. Accordingly, the panel did not recommend the petitioner for admission to the Connecticut bar.
The petitioner then filed a petition with the Superior Court for admission to the Connecticut bar. On November 16, 2000, and August 20, 2001, the court remanded the matter to the respondent for further findings of fact. In response, the respondent issued revised decisions on May 9 and December 26, 2001. Although the revised decisions clarified the respondent's findings of fact, its ultimate determination remained the same, i.e., the respondent did not recommend the petitioner for admission to the bar of Connecticut. The court, upon review of the petition, stated that "adequate record evidence plainly exists" to support the respondent's findings. The court, therefore, denied the petition for admission to the bar.
A
The petitioner argues, as he did before the court, that the respondent's findings were arbitrary, unreasonable and not based on a fair investigation of the facts. Specifically, the petitioner argues that the respondent never made any independent inquiry to determine or attempt to determine the content of the alleged "crib sheet" or the use to which it was allegedly put, but rather, relied on the testimony of Fiore and the finding of the student discipline committee to conclude that he had cheated. The petitioner also argues in his principal brief that the respondent's "abdication of its responsibility to conduct a fair investigation is further evidenced by the lack of any facts in the record that the [respondent] investigated why Dean Cogan reversed the decision of the student discipline committee. . . . The [respondent] noted the dean's reversal in its decision, but failed to conduct any investigation from which it could be concluded that the delays did not prejudice [the petitioner's] defense." (Emphasis in original.)
As previously stated, "[i]n this state, the ultimate burden of proving good character rests upon the applicant." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Doe v. Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, supra, 263 Conn. 51. As such, the respondent was under no obligation to determine the contents of the "crib sheet" or to investigate whether the delays in bringing the charges against the petitioner to a hearing prejudiced his case. The respondent was entitled, rather, to rely on the proceedings before and decision of the student discipline committee. The respondent also was permitted to rely on the testimony and evidence before it, including Fiore's testimony, in reaching its decision not to recommend the petitioner for admission to the Connecticut bar. As the court properly stated in that regard, "[t]he [respondent's] decision to believe Fiore and disbelieve [the petitioner] was a credibility decision that the [respondent] was plainly entitled to make. . . . [The petitioner's] principal argument is that Fiore could not read the actual writing in front of [the petitioner] and was thus unable to say with the requisite certainty that the writing in front of him during the exam was the same document he had studied during the exam. Flore, however, was unambiguous in her testimony that she saw the paper in question both at the beginning of the exam and some period of time into the exam. . . . This testimony, combined with Fiore's testimony concerning [the petitioner's] pre-exam conversation with [another student] was plainly enough to allow the [respondent] to conclude that [the petitioner] had cheated by bringing unauthorized material into a closed book exam."
B
The petitioner next argues that he established a prima facie case of good moral character. He therefore argues, by way of analogy to decisions involving attorney grievance proceedings, that the respondent was required to find, by clear and convincing evidence, that the petitioner lacked good moral character. While conceding that the respondent appears to have applied this standard, the petitioner claims that the respondent's conclusions do not follow reasonably or logically from the facts in the record. We disagree with the petitioner.
The petitioner claims that he made out a prima facie case of good moral character by way of his response to question number sixteen on his Connecticut bar application. That question asked: "Have you ever been expelled, suspended, placed on probation or been the subject of discipline by any college, university or law school? If so, explain." In response, the petitioner checked the box marked "yes" and stated: "I was charged once with using or attempting to use an unauthorized material during one of my first year exams. However, I was not convicted. In addition, absolutely no disciplinary sanctions were imposed." The petitioner argues in his principal brief that he "candidly disclosed that he was charged with using and attempting to use unauthorized material during an examination, was not convicted and was not sanctioned."
We find the petitioner's argument to be without merit. First, the petitioner's argument assumes that he did, in fact, establish a prima facie case of good moral character. It is important to note that neither the respondent nor the court, however, found that he had established such a prima facie case. Second, the petitioner knew, by way of Dean Cogan's decision, that the materials connected with the proceedings at the Quinnipiac student discipline committee would be forwarded to the respondent for inclusion in his record. The petitioner's disclosure of the Quinnipiac proceedings, therefore, was not necessarily a demonstration of candor.
Finally, we agree with the respondent that attorney grievance proceedings and bar admission proceedings are quite different; we therefore do not accept the petitioner's invitation to draw an analogy between the two. As correctly pointed out by the respondent, "[a] license to practice law is a property interest that cannot be suspended without due process." Statewide Grievance Committee v. Botwick, 226 Conn. 299, 306, 627 A.2d 901 (1993). The burden in grievance proceedings "is on the statewide grievance committee to establish the occurrence of an ethics violation by clear and convincing proof." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Somers v. Statewide Grievance Committee, 245 Conn. 277, 290, 715 A.2d 712 (1998). The ultimate burden of proving good moral character required for admission to the bar, however, is on the applicant. Doe v. Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, supra, 263 Conn. 51.
In the present case, on the basis of an exhaustive review of the record, as previously set forth, we conclude that the respondent did not act arbitrarily or unreasonably or in abuse of its discretion or without a fair investigation of the facts; see id., 50; in concluding that the petitioner lacked good moral character.
II
The petitioner next argues that the court improperly remanded the matter two times to the respondent for additional factual findings. According to the petitioner, once the court determined that the respondent's decision was not supported by factual findings, it should have simply ordered his admission to the Connecticut bar. We disagree.
"Although the [respondent] is not an administrative agency . . . the Superior Court's review of its conclusions is similar to the review afforded to an administrative agency decision." (Citations omitted.) Scott v. State Bar Examining Committee, supra, 220 Conn. 821. In that regard, "[a] trial court may . . . conclude that an administrative ruling is in some fashion incomplete and therefore not ripe for final judicial adjudication. With out dictating the outcome of the further administrative proceedings, the court may insist on further administrative evidentiary findings as a precondition to final judicial resolution of all the issues between the parties." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Morel v. Commissioner of Public Health, 262 Conn. 222, 228, 811 A.2d 1256 (2002); Lisee v. Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities, 258 Conn. 529, 538, 782 A.2d 670 (2001).
The court in the present case determined that the respondent's conclusions were not accompanied by findings of fact that were essential to the court's review. On that basis, we conclude that it was proper for the court to remand the matter to the respondent to make those further factual findings.
Ill
The petitioner's final claim is that the court failed entirely to consider his current good moral character and fitness to practice law. The petitioner, relying on Scott v. State Bar Examining Committee, supra, 220 Conn. 812, argues in his principal brief that the matter should, "at a minimum," be remanded for additional hearings as to the petitioner's current fitness to practice law. We disagree.
The petitioner never requested that the court remand the matter for additional hearings to determine his present good character. "It is well settled that the trial court can be expected to rule only on those matters that are put before it. . . . With only a few exceptions . we will not decide an appeal on an issue that was not raised before the trial court. . To review claims articulated for the first time on appeal and not raised before the trial court would be nothing more than a trial by ambuscade of the trial judge." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) United Technologies Corp. v. Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities, 72 Conn. App. 212, 223-24, 804 A.2d 1033, cert. denied, 262 Conn. 920, 812 A.2d 863 (2002). We therefore decline to review the petitioner's claim that this matter should be remanded for an additional hearing concerning his present fitness to practice law.
We note that even if we were to review the petitioner's claim, we do not read Scott as standing for the proposition that an applicant is always entitled to a remand to the bar examining committee for a determination of hiS or her present fitness to practice law. In Scott, the petitioner's drug use from 1977 to 1985 resulted in numerous arrests and three convictions for possession of marijuana and controlled substances. Scott v. State Bar Examining Committee, supra, 220 Conn. 814. In 1987, following graduation from law school, the petitioner took and passed the Connecticut bar examination. Id., 815. The bar examining committee held a fact-finding hearing concerning the petitioner's qualifications for admission to the bar; the specific area of inquiry was the petitioner's criminal record. Id. Following the hearing, the executive committee of the bar examining committee voted to deny the petitioner admission to the bar. Id. The petitioner then sought review in the Superior Court, which rendered judgment ordering the petitioner admitted to the bar after concluding that the committee "could not fairly and reasonably have reached the conclusion that it did." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 814. On appeal, our Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Superior Court, concluding that the "record . . . supported the [respondent's] findings about the petitioner's lack of credibility and candor, and, consequently, his moral character and fitness to practice law . . . . " Id., 826.
The court in Scott later stated: "While concluding that the trial court acted improperly in rejecting the [respondent's] findings, we recognize that the appropriate inquiry when deciding whether to grant admission to the bar is whether the applicant has present fitness to practice law.....Fitness to practice law does not remain fixed in time. While the [respondent] found the petitioner unfit to practice law in 1989, it might not reach that conclusion today. Thus, the trial court should remand the petitioner's application to the [respondent] for a new healing to review any additional relevant evidence submitted by the petitioner concerning his present fitness to practice law." (Citations omitted; emphasis in original.) Id., 829.
In Scott, the bar examining committee was concerned with the petitioner's prior criminal record and his explanations of his prior criminal record. In that case, counsel for the respondent agreed, under the circumstances of that case, that a remand for a new hearing concerning the petitioner's rehabilitation would be appropriate. Id., 829 n.13. In the present case, the respondent determined, following a hearing, that the petitioner lacked good moral character on the basis of the incident at Quinnipiac and his testimony during the heating. Unlike the situation in Scott, there is no agreement by the respondent regarding a remand for consideration of the petitioner's rehabilitation. We conclude that in the present case, a new hearing concerning the petitioner's present fitness to practice law is not required.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion STOUGHTON, J., concurred.
As will be discussed more fully, that was the third opinion issued by the court in this matter. By decisions dated November 16, 2000, and August 20, 2001, the court remanded the matter to the respondent for further proceedings. In response to these remands, the respondent issued revised decisions in an effort to comply with the court's orders.
Section 3 of the student discipline committee, student conduct code, entitled "Violations" provides in relevant part:
"The following acts are prohibited. Any student found guilty of one or more such acts shall be subject to the sanctions authorized by this code.
"A. Cheating on any examination or other law school assignment, as illustrated by, but not limited to:
"1. The unauthorized giving or receiving of aid or assistance;
"2. The unauthorized use of information;
"3. The unauthorized submission of work which has already been submitted in satisfaction of other course work;
"4. The giving or obtaining of any unfair advantage.
♦
"C. Any act which reflects adversely upon fitness to practice law. Relationship to fitness shall be construed in accordance with the American Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct, and relevant case law.
"D. Any attempt to commit any act prohibited by this Code."
The transcripts of the proceedings before the student discipline committee were part of the record before the respondent.
Fiore testified as follows:
"Q. Could you tell us what happened next?
"A. Sure. Again, this is all happening while I'm trying to study. Next, I noticed in front of me, the next time I looked up, that [the petitioner] had placed the outline that he had been studying on the desk under a single sheet of white paper.
"Q. Could you describe that outline?
"A. Yes. It was on an eight and one-half by eleven piece of white paper, blue ink, you know, writing in blue ink, every line margin to margin the width of the paper and it was—
"Q. Margin is side to side margins and top to top?
"A. Top to bottom; that's what I saw he was studying when he was standing up. Then I saw it on the desk with just a single sheet of paper over the top of it, but from where I was behind him, I could see the bottom half of it sticking out under the white sheet of paper that was on top and that was still prior to the exam beginning, but it was getting close now to that time. So, I, again, just started to study the quick outline that I had in front of me and the next thing, I believe, is the exam."
Fiore testified as follows:
"Q. What did [the petitioner] say?
"A. It was a question to Matt Goldzweig, 'What are you leaving on the desk? What are you going to leave out during the exam?' or 'What are you leaving on the desk?' and I remember, specifically, Mr. Goldzweig saying, 'I'm taking everything off of my desk,' and I remember that because I remember thinking, yes, I have to clear everything, too."
Fiore testified as follows:
"Q. My conclusion is, she's aware of the amount of time she took to prepare her outline and how much she was able to write during that time, and the suggestion that has been made, that she might have that — whatever she saw on the desk might have been prepared during the exam, and I'm asking, as her opinion given how much time elapsed, could anyone have filled in a piece of paper during that time as the best evidence of that?
"A. I could not have filled in — I mean, I can only go from my own — I could not have written that much in that amount of time. I wrote nowhere near that much, and I was writing pretty much constantly what was coming to my head."
Goldzweig testified as follows:
"Q. Then what happened in the exam?
"A. And then they handed out the exams, and when everyone got one, we turned it over, and then I just took my first blue book, turned it over, opened it up and scribbled a quick outline, some key words to kind of refresh my memory when I was taking the exam.
"Q. How long would you say this took you?
"A. A couple of minutes.
"Q. Then what did you do?
"A. Well, then, I kept on looking over at [the petitioner] because, I mean, I couldn't believe what he was doing. I saw that piece of paper back on his desk and he was — I mean, he took it out from underneath the blue books, and it was there. I kept looking over because that's pretty distracting when someone in front of you is cheating. I kept on looking over, and he had it on his desk and was referring to it."
The petitioner testified as follows:
"Q. Did you cheat on this exam?
"A. No, I did not.
"Q. Do you have any explanation as to why people seem to be saying that you did?
"A. Yes, I do. I believe that the people who testified here, particularly Mr. Goldzweig, never liked me. I never liked him and, you know, I'm not hiding that fact, and I think that this was a good opportunity to try to stick it to me."
The committee imposed the following sanctions: "(1) the grade received in the constitutional law course shall be reduced one full grade point; (2) [the petitioner] is reprimanded for misconduct; and (3) this decision shall be entered into the [petitioner's] law school record."
Specifically, the notice stated:
"The following matters will be discussed:
"Q#16: Applicant was charged with cheating on a law school exam and found, by the Student Discipline Committee, to have violated Student Conduct Code Section [3 A (2) and D], which decision was subsequently reversed by Dean Cogan.
"Applicant's candor and credibility during the application process."
The transcript reveals the following:
"Q. Mr. Friedman, why don't you give us your version of what happened that day that you took the exam?
"A. Okay. Exam started. I had a blank piece of paper, or two papers, on my desk. The exam proctor said, 'Begin.' I immediately started writing my outline because there was a host of points that I wanted to cover in the constitutional law exam, the sections that I didn't want to miss. I started writing. It took me about maybe five minutes to jot down, you know, the head points that I wanted to make in my answer. And then I proceeded to read the questions that were on the exam, and I started to frame my answer. And I just started thinking about the facts of the question, and I just started writing while looking at my, you know, the head points that I made once the exam had already started. I just carried it through to my conclusion. And that's what I did for every question. The initial head points that I wrote down were going to cover the entire exam because constitutional law, I know from that exam and now from the bar exam, it breaks down into maybe, you know, a few really key areas. And I wanted to make sure that I would cover those areas when I was going through my answers, and that's all I did."
According to Fiore, the student said "something to the effect of — it was either, why are you so nervous, everyone does it and doesn't admit it. Or what are you so nervous about, everyone does it, no one admits it."
The May 9, 2001 revised decision states:
"Pursuant to article VI, § 5 (e) (iv), of the regulations of the Connecticut bar examining committee, the panel makes the following findings of fact:
"A. Issue of Cheating on Law School Exam.
"1. [The petitioner] cheated on the constitutional law examination by bringing unauthorized information into a closed book exam.
"2. The information consisted of a piece of paper with writing on it which [the petitioner] brought with him into the exam and had on his desk during the course of the exam.
"3. [The petitioner] attempted to gain an advantage by bringing unauthorized information into a closed book exam.
"B. Issue of Applicant's Candor.
"1. [The petitioner] testified under oath before this panel and denied any wrongdoing with respect to his conduct in taking the constitutional law exam.
"2. [The petitioner] testified before the Quinnipiac College School of Law discipline committee and denied any wrongdoing with respect to his conduct in taking the constitutional law exam.
"3. [The petitioner] was untruthful when he testified under oath before this panel and denied any wrongdoing.
"4. [The petitioner] was untruthful when he testified before the Quinnipiac College School of Law discipline committee and made the same denial."
The additional findings of fact in the December 26, 2001 decision axe as follows:
"1. The [petitioner] was not truthful in his initial answer to the panel when he described his version of what happened on the day of the exam. He was given the opportunity to admit that he brought written material into the exam with him and had that material on his desk during the exam. In his testimony, however, [the petitioner] omits any mention of the written material which, as we have found, he brought with him into the exam and had on his desk during the exam. [The petitioner] also was untruthful when he concluded his initial answer with the statement, 'and that's all I did.' . . .
"2. [The petitioner] was not truthful when he testified to the panel that the writing which other witnesses saw on his desk at the exam was 'written when the exam already started.' . . .
"3. [The petitioner] was not candid before the panel when he allowed his attorney on his behalf to deny 'absolutely' the accusation that he brought unauthorized material into the law school examination, when [the petitioner] knew that that characterization was untrue. . In addition, [the petitioner] was not truthful when he testified at the student discipline committee that he did not have any written material on his desk at the exam other than the outline he wrote after the exam started."
In fact, the petitioner argues that the student discipline committee never concluded that he had cheated. The petitioner cites the fact that the dean of the law school reversed the committee's decision and that the petitioner's grade for the course stood. According to the petitioner, if the committee had, in fact, concluded that he had cheated, his grade for the coruse never would have stood. The petitioner argues, therefore, that because the facts in the record do not support the conclusion that he cheated or attempted to cheat, the respondent necessarily failed to conduct a fair investigation.
With regard to that claim, we note that the dean's reversal of the committee's decision was based "on the grounds that the delay in notifying [the petitioner] of the charges and the delay in bringing the charges to a hearing were excessive and may have prejudiced [the petitioner's] defense against those charges." The dean did not express an opinion concerning the merits of the committee's finding.
We agree with the court that the respondent was entitled to find Fiore more credible than the petitioner. See Doe v. Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, supra, 263 Conn. 58. We therefore find, contrary to the assertion of the petitioner, that there was sufficient evidence in the record to support the respondent's finding about his moral character.
We also question the accuracy of the petitioner's response that he was not convicted of the offense of using or attempting to use unauthorized material during an examination and was not sanctioned. Query whether it would have been more accurate to respond that the student discipline committee had found against him, but that this decision was reversed due to the delay in bringing the charges to a hearing.
"Where an applicant, by affidavit or otherwise, has shown, prima facie, to the committee that he is of good moral character, it should consider evidence, if there is any, to the contrary. This may consist of evidence derived from the committee's independent investigation or from the interrogation of the applicant himself. . A committee's conclusion that the applicant's moral qualifications fail to meet the required standard must have rational support in the evidence before the committee." (Citation omitted.) In re Application of Warren, 149 Conn. 266, 274, 178 A.2d 528 (1962).
In reaching that conclusion, we note that the petitioner in his principal brief challenges, in a footnote, the respondent's reliance on Goldzweig's testimony before the Quinnipiac student discipline committee. Because Goldzweig was not called to testify before the respondent, the petitioner argues that he was not afforded the opportunity to cross-examine him. The petitioner also contends that it does not appear that Goldzweig was unavailable to testify before the respondent.
In that regard, we note that the petitioner did cross- examine Goldzweig at the hearings before the student discipline committee and never objected to the respondent considering that testimony. More important, however, is the fact that the decisions of both the respondent and the court referenced Fiore's testimony as being the most persuasive. We agree with the respondent, therefore, that neither the opinion of the respondent nor the opinion of the court depended on Goldzweig's testimony.
Our conclusion is supported by Doe v. Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, supra, 263 Conn. 39. In that case, the respondent issued a decision recommending that the petitioner not be admitted to the bar. The petitioner then filed a petition requesting that the court admit him to the bar. The court reversed the respondent's decision and remanded the petitioner's petition to the respondent for a new hearing before a different panel of the respondent to determine the petitioner's present fitness to practice law. Id., 44. Our Supreme Court concluded that there was sufficient evidence in the record to support the respondent's finding about the petitioner's moral character. Id., 58. The court, therefore, remanded the matter to the trial court with direction to render judgment for the respondent on the petitioner's petition for admission to the bar. Id., 70. The court did not order the trial court to remand the matter to the respondent for a hearing regarding the petitioner's present fitness to practice law.