Case Name: George S. Bradt, Respondent, v. James McClenahan, Appellant, Impleaded, with Eliza C. Clark, Individually and as Administratrix with the Will Annexed of Michael Darcy, Deceased, and Others, Respondents
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1907-04-19
Citations: 118 A.D. 768
Docket Number: 
Parties: George S. Bradt, Respondent, v. James McClenahan, Appellant, Impleaded, with Eliza C. Clark, Individually and as Administratrix with the Will Annexed of Michael Darcy, Deceased, and Others, Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 118
Pages: 768–772

Head Matter:
George S. Bradt, Respondent, v. James McClenahan, Appellant, Impleaded, with Eliza C. Clark, Individually and as Administratrix with the Will Annexed of Michael Darcy, Deceased, and Others, Respondents.
First Department,
April 19, 1907.
Beal property — action to have deed" declared to be a mortgage-^-judgment — court confined to decree in accordance with facts admitted by the parties.
"When in an action to determine the title to real property, both the plaintiffs and defendants admit that a deed absolute upon its face was given as security only and ask that the property be sold to pay the debt due the grantee, the court is' without power to render judgment that the deed was void as champertous and because given while the property was in the adverse possession of another.
The formal admissions in the pleadings bind the parties making them, and the court is confined to a determination of the fact that the deed was in fact a . mortgage and to the ascertainment of the amount due thereon.
Appeal by the defendant, James McClenahan, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff.and certain of the defendants, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Yew York on the 15th day of February, 1906, upon tlie decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the Yew York Special Term, determining the title to certain real estate.
Gratz Nathan of counsel [Thomas J. Farrell, attorney], for the appellant.
I. Newton Williams of counsel [Williams & Caldwell, attorneys], for the plaintiff, respondent.
Eugene Fay of counsel [R. & E. J. O' Gorman, attorneys], for the respondents Abbott and others.

Opinion:
Clarke, J.:
This action was brought for the sale of certain real estate alleged to have belonged to one Michael Darcy, deceased, and devised by him with other property, real and personal, to his wife, and after her death, to his children, and for the distribution of'the proceeds thereof. The complaint alleges " that the record title to said property was taken in the name of defendant, Frank A. Clark, but said property was'owned by and in the possession of the said Michael Darcy at the time of his death, and the said Frank A. Clark executed and delivered a deed of said property on or about the 12th day of June, 1894, to the defendant James McClenahan. It was understood at the-time of the execution and delivery of said deed by said Clark to said McClenahan that the said deed was so given as security for a certain indebtedness owing by said Clark to said McClenahan, the amount of which this plaintiff is unable to ascertain "x" and he will he unable to ascertain the amount
thereof, but the said McClenahan admits that he holds the title of said real estate simply as collateral security for the moneys owing to him by the defendant, Frank A. Clark." The complaint further alleges that the plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law and asks the equitable interposition of the court to ascertain the amount of .the claim of said James McClenahan against, said property, being the amount of indebtedness for which said property was conveyed by way of mortgage or security by defendant Clark; and for the decree of this court adjudging that the said property be sold and that the said McClenahan be paid the amount of his claim therein, and that the parties to this action receive their respective interests in the proceeds of the sale of said property, . after paying the expenses of the suit and the claim of said defendant McClenahan against the same. In liis demand for judgment the plaintiff asks, second, "that the deed of said premises now in the name of defendant James McClenahan, be adjudged to be a mortgage and that his mortgage or claim thereon be ascertained, the property sold under the direction of the court and his claim be paid."
Three of the defendants did not appear. The. defendant Eliza C. Clark, individually and as administratrix with the will annexed of Michael Darcy, deceased, admitted all the allegations of the complaint' and joined in the prayer for judgment. All of the other defendants, children and grandchildren, repeated the allegation of the complaint that this deed was a mortgage, and joined in the prayer for relief and demand for judgment that it be adjudged to be a mortgage and that the claim thereunder be ascertained and the property sold under the direction of the court' and McClenahan's claim be paid:
The defendant Frank A. Clark did not deny any of the allegations in regard to this transaction, but denied that Darcy died seized and possessed of. the premises in question. The defendant McClenahan alleged that at the time that Frank' A. Clark transferred to him, he was, or pretended to be, the owner in fee simple of the premises and that Clark was then in the actual possession thereof, and that Clark agreed with Mm for the conveyance thereof as security for a then existing indebtedness of said Clark to the .David Stevenson Brewing Company, of which the defendant was then and is now the president, and. for security for such further indebtedness to said company as might thereafter be incurred by said Clark or by one Patrick Flanagan, or both.
The plaintiff and the defendants all thus agreed that McClenahan held a mortgage upon these premises and all asked that the amount of the indebtedness for which the mortgage was a lien or security be ascertained, and that the property be sold, and that out of the proceeds thereof the claim be paid. The learned trial court found as a conclusion of law that said paper, though intended only as a mortgage, was null and void, as it was given while the property was in the adverse possession of the life tenant under the last will and testament of Michael Darcy and the devisees under said will, and that the said paper was also void because the said property belonged to the estate of Michael Darcy, deceased, at the time said paper was delivered to the said MeClenahan, and that the said paper was given for a contingent liability already created and existing at the time of its delivery. The judgment " ordered, adjudged and decreed that the defendant James MeClenahan surrender to the clerk of this court the deed executed as and for a mortgage, delivered to him by the defendant Clark and wife, dated June 12th, 1894, and recorded on June 13th, 1894, at two o'clock and twenty-eight minutes p. m., in liber 26, Section 3 of Conveyances, at page 413, and that the said clerk destroy the same and that the Register of the County of Mew York mark opposite the said paper writing in section, liber and page aforesaid, ' This instrument cancelled and discharged of record by judgment of the Supreme Court entered February —, 1906. See judgment.'"
That is in direct opposition to the issue tendered by all the pleadings, and upon an issue not raised by any of the pleadings, the court has decided that the instrument, treated by all the pleadings as a valid mortgage, the only question being as to the amount due for which it was security, was champertous, absolutely null and void, and has decreed its destruction. '
This judgment cannot be sustained. While the question of champerty was not presented, by any of the pleadings, it is upon that question that the judgment was rendered and is now sought to be upheld. Clark took title from the referee at a foreclosure sale. He paid the purchase money and received the deed in his own name and recorded it. That made him the legal and record owner of the property. While thus the legal and record owner he conveyed by deed intended as a mortgage to MeClenahan.
The evidence shows that MeClenahan had no notice of the claim of the Darcy heirs to this property; supposed that it belonged to Clark, had the title searched, and after discovering by said search that Clark was the record owner, received'the instrument and diily recorded it. The complaint in effect stated that the Darcy heirs were the owners of the beneficial interest in- this property, but that Clark had legal title and had made a valid mortgage thereon, that they wished the court to ascertain the amount which this mortgage-was given to secure and decree the payment thereof out of the proceeds of the sale of the property, There was no question raised in the pleadings as to the validity of the mortgage on the ground of lack of consideration or for any other reason. Its validity was admitted by all parties.
These formal admissions in the pleadings hind the parties making them. Under them the court was confined to a determination of the fact that the instrument, upon its face a deed, was in fact a mortgage, and to the ascertainment of the amount due thereon.
The case having been decided upon matters not in issue, the appellant has not had his day in court. The judgment does not follow the pleadings, and should be reversed and ' a new trial granted, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
PATTERSON, P. J., INGRAHAM, MCLAUGHLIN arid HOUGHTON, JJ., concurred.
Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.