Case Name: BOWERMAN v. BOWERMAN et al.
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1894-02-12
Citations: 27 N.Y.S. 579
Docket Number: 
Parties: BOWERMAN v. BOWERMAN et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 27
Pages: 579–582

Head Matter:
(76 Hun, 46.)
BOWERMAN v. BOWERMAN et al.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Second Department.
February 12, 1894.)
1. Equitv—Canceling- a Deed—Fraud.
In an action to set aside a deed as procured by fraud, it appeared that plaintiff and the grantee, since deceased, had been partners for many years, and that, in addition to the firm business, they had other transactions. Decedent stated that plaintiff owed him a large sum of money, and gave plaintiff a paper showing the items. Plaintiff kept the paper for several days, and proposed to settle the claim by giving the deed in question, but it was not executed until two years later, and the action to set it aside was not brought until seven years after the conveyance, and shortly after decedent’s death. The account furnished by decedent was not produced in evidence. No testimony was given as to its items, and there was no evidence as to any fraud except that of plaintiff, who stated that decedent deceived him, and that he owed decedent nothing at the time. Held, that the evidence was not sufficient to sustain a judgment setting aside the deed.
2. Evidence—Reputation.
In an action to set aside a deed made by plaintiff to a decedent on the ground that plaintiff was induced to execute it by the fraud of decedent, evidence of decedent’s reputation for honesty and integrity and general reputation of character during his lifetime is admissible in evidence.
Appeal from judgment on report of referee.
Action by Henry A. Bowerman against Warren D. Bowerman and others to set aside a deed and for a partnership accounting. From a judgment in favor of plaintiff, defendants appeal. Reversed.
Argued before DYKMAN and PRATT, JJ.
Merrill & Rogers and Edmund Coffin, Jr., (William C. De Witt, of counsel,) for appellants.
Cornell, Secor & Page, (Horace Secor, Jr., of counsel,) for respondent.

Opinion:
PRATT, J.
This action is brought to set aside a deed made in 1884 by this plaintiff to William D. Bowerman, deceased, and for a copartnership accounting. It is alleged that, in 1882, William D. Bowerman fraudulently represented that an indebtedness of $12,-000 existed in his favor, and against the plaintiff; that plaintiff be lieved the statement, and executed the conveyance in discharge of the alleged indebtedness, which, in fact, had no existence. William D. Bowerman died in September, 1891, and in November, 1891, this action was begun. In 1882 the plaintiff and William D. Bowerman had been copartners about 30 years, and had also had many outside speculations apart from the firm affairs. During most of that time, and until 1879, they resided with their mother, and the evidence shows that their evenings were generally spent with her, and their business affairs were a principal subject of their evening conversations, in which their mother freely and intelligently participated, the sons consulting the mother about their business. In 1882, William D. Bowerman claimed that plaintiff was in his debt $12,000. Plaintiff was somewhat surprised. William told his brother Benjamin, also a partner, that plaintiff owed him (William) $12,000. Benjamin was very much surprised. A few days later, William, in presence of Benjamin and of W. S. Childs, their cousin, who was familiar with their speculations, gave plaintiff a statement which purported to show how the indebtedness arose. Childs examined the statement, and plaintiff had a conversation with him on the subject, that may have lasted five or ten minutes. Plaintiff does not remember how long he kept the paper, but thinks two or three days. "He probably put it in his pocket, and looked it over." He afterwards gave it back to William, and has not seen it since. After examination, he believed that he owed William the $12,000, and suggested that the claim be discharged by a deed of the Westchester property. This was plaintiff's own offer, and it is clear that William was in no haste to profit- by it, for two years elapsed before the deed was executed which is now the subject of attack. The claim is now made that William's statement of a balance due him from Henry was willfully false, and plaintiff asks that the account thus stated be opened, and the deed by which it was settled be set aside.
To open an account stated, it is usually required that the account be produced, the- errors pointed out, whatever has been entered in error or wrongfully omitted being shown, the necessary rectification can be made, and, so far as not impeached, the áccount will stand as stated. In the present case the account is not produced, and the parties who examined it do not claim to remember any of the items. Obviously, it must have been a statement which, if true, would prove the $12,000 debt, and the plaintiff testified that he believed it to be true. It cannot be said that he was hasty in acting upon his belief, for it was two years before he made his deed; and apparently no thought of questioning the deed or the account stated occurred to plaintiff until after his brother's death. The ground upon which we are asked to find the account stated to be false and fraudulent is that an examination now made of such accounts as can be found is said not to show the plaintiff indebted to William, but the contrary. If none but firm transactions had taken place between the partners, there would be considerable force in the argument, for the firm books were regularly kept by expert bookkeepers; they were constantly open to the inspection of all the partners; trial balances were prepared and given to each partner twice a year; and, in the ordinary course of business, a correct record would be made of firm transactions, and any error would be discovered, if not before, when the trial balances were inspected by the partners. But the force of this argument in the present case is diminished when we learn that the plaintiff and William D. Bowerman had numerous and important speculations, in which large sums were invested, which had no connection with the partnership, and of which slight trace, if any, can be found in the firm books. They were not reported to the bookkeepers, and, outside of the two persons directly interested, no one seems to have had much knowledge of them, if we except their mother, who died in 1879. The records which exist, and have been produced upon the trial, obviously fail to afford the complete knowledge which would be requisite to accurately state the condition of the accounts in 1882, at the time the account was stated, or in 1884, when the indebtedness then said to exist against the plaintiff was discharged by the conveyance now attacked. The transactions upon which that account rested, and to investigate which an attempt has been made, are ancient. The Metropolitan Collar Company business, from which the referee finds a present indebtedness in favor of the plaintiff of $28,000, was closed in July, 1868. It was not a partnership transaction, and the books show the Bowerman interest was then disposed of, and show little more. The Commercial Warehouse investment was not a partnership matter, and was closed in 1873. In that matter the firm books contain entries to the amount of $2,000 only, and from that matter the referee finds an indebtedness in favor of the plaintiff of $100,000. From a real estate sale in 1869, an indebtedness is spelled out of $9,700. From the Manhattan Market business, closed in 1873, an indebtedness is found of $25,000. From such investigation as he has been able to make of a great number of transactions, including the foregoing, extending from 1852 to 1882, the referee has concluded, not only that the sum of $12,000 was not, in fact, owing from the plaintiff to William D. Bowerman in 1882, and that the deed executed in 1884 must be set aside, and the proceeds of the property conveyed, now amounting to $60,000, must be paid to plaintiff, but that other valid claims exist in favor of the plaintiff, in whose favor judgment is given for $164,000 against the heir and executrices of William D. Bowerman. The whole foundation of this judgment rests on the assumption that it is now possible for strangers to ascertain the exact facts of transactions taking place between two parties from 25 to 40 years ago, where one of the persons is dead, and the other claims to have been always ignorant, and where, if full accounts of the transactions were ever kept, they cannot now be found. We do not think such possibility exists. We do not think it proved that the account stated in 1882 was fraudulent or erroneous. If it was glaringly wrong, it would have provoked suspicion and investigation. The statement of the amount due was made openly, and in the presence of plaintiff's friends. The written account in support of the claim was delivered to plaintiff in presence of his friends. No suggestion is made that any desired in formation was asked for and refused, and two years elapsed before the debt was paid. These are not indications of fraud, but the reverse. As most of the important items litigated, some of which we have cited, antedated 1882, it follows that they were allowed in, and concluded by, the settlement then made.
We think an error was committed in excluding evidence of William D. Bowerman's reputation for honesty, integrity, and general reputation of character during his lifetime. The contention of plaintiff is that, during a long term of years, a man, now deceased, carried out a comprehensive and consistent scheme of fraud, involving enormous sums. The evidence-was circumstantial. One of the witnesses was the plaintiff, and another principal witness was plaintiff's brother, who might reasonably have expectations of benefit from a recovery by plaintiff. Such writings as were produced came from plaintiff's custody. The transactions were ancient. It is not usually the case that men with a reputation for honesty and integrity embark in a scheme of persistent fraud, and, if they do, it is not often they can carry it on for years without discovery. Under the circumstances of this case, we think the testimony admissible, and its exclusion error.
Judgment must be reversed upon both law and fact, and a new trial had before another referee, with costs to abide the event. Let the order be settled on notice. All concur.