Case Name: KOWING against MANLY
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1866-11
Citations: 2 Abb. Pr. 377
Docket Number: 
Parties: KOWING against MANLY.
Judges: 
Reporter: Abbott's Practice Reports
Volume: 2
Pages: 377–380

Head Matter:
KOWING against MANLY.
Supreme Court, Second District; Special Term,
Nov., 1866.
New Teial.—Action Involving Toet bt Wife.—Defenses,
A husband cannot maintain an action, the essential basis of which is a tort committed by his wife.
An objection to a recovery may be a sufficient ground fbr granting a new trial, although not taken at the trial below, if the point is good in law, and could not have been obviated by proof.
Motion for a new trial.
This action was brought by Francis P. Bowing against the defendants, who were stock' brokers, to recover damages from them -for the alleged wrongful delivery of securities in their possession belonging to him, without authority from him.
It appeared upon the trial that the plaintiff had some disagreement with his wife; that he gave the defendants written instructions not to deliver up the securities except upon his own written order; that during his severe illness an order, purporting to be signed by him, was presented to the defendants by the plaintiff’s wife, and the securities delivered to her upon it. Medical testimony was given, showing that the defendant was at the time of the date of the order incompetent to sign such an instrument; and the plaintiff contended that the order was a forgery.
The jury found for the plaintiff, and on their verdict judgment was entered for the value of the securities.
The defendants now applied for a new trial upon two grounds; . first, alleging the discovery of new evidence on the question of the capacity of the plaintiff at the time referred to ; second, on thé ground that the action was not maintainable, because it was founded on a fraud committed by the plaintiff’s wife.
Sterling & Walden, for the defendants;
insisted that the new evidence offered was not cumulati ve, and entitled them to a new trial: and that, if the verdict were sustained, the defendants would have a cause of action against the plaintiff for the fraudulent conversion of the securities by his wife; and the law would not, therefore, allow a recovery by him.
Benedict & Thorn, for the plaintiffs;
argued that since the married woman’s acts of 1848, and subsequent years, the relations of husband and wife had been changed in this respect.

Opinion:
Gilbert, J.
The error, if any error was committed on the trial, consists in allowing the recovery against the defendants for the value of the bonds which they delivered to the plaintiff's wife, in contravention of his written order to them not to deliver the bonds without his written order. That order, purporting to have been signed by the plaintiff, was presented to the defendants by his wife on the occasion when the bonds were delivered, and they delivered the bonds to her on the faith of her tacit representation that the order was- genuine. The only question put to the jury or litigated upon the trial related to the genuineness of the signature to this order. The jury found for the plaintiff, and on this he has entered judgment against tire defendants for about $10,000.
A motion is now made for a new trial, on the ground, among - others, that in contemplation of law a delivery of the bonds to the wife was a delivery of them to her husband. This point was not taken on the trial. But I think that fact does not create an insuperable objection to the granting of a new trial. If the point is good in law the plaintiff could not have obviated the objection by any other proof. In such cases it is proper to grant a new trial to prevent injustice. The defense is within the scope of the pleading, and the evidence proves the truth of it.
The question, then, is : Is it a good defense ? There can be no doubt that if the defendant had delivered the bonds tb the . plaintiff himself, such delivery would have barred the action, notwithstanding the plaintiff's written instructions. Was. a delivery to the wife equivalent in law to a delivery to the plaintiff personally ? I am inclined to think it-was. The husband is liable for the torts of his wife. Why.? Because a tort committed by her is regarded as the joint act of both. His liability springs solely from the unity of the marital relation. A fraud like thaf alleged against the wife is the fraud of both (Reev's Dom. Rel., 3d ed., 72; 2 Kent, 149; 2 E. D. Smith, 90). I have looked into the record of Harriet v. Atkins, decided in this district in 1858, but find in it nothing contrary to this.
It follows, therefore, that, if this view is correct, the' defendants, upon 'the evidence, were entitled to the verdict. They did not get' it because neither the attention of the jury nor that of the court was drawn to this point.
It is said that the only mode of enforcing the liability of the husband for the torts of the wife is by action against both jointly, or by a counterclaim. I cannot assent to this. The husband cannot maintain an action the essential basis of which is the fraud of his wife, for which he as well as she is liable. Hpon the whole, I think the defendants ought to be afforded an opportunity to have this defense passed upon. The power to grant new trials ought to be liberally exercised for the advancement of justice when no rule of law or of public policy is infringed.
The motion for a new trial, therefore, is granted on payment, within five days, of the cost of the actions as heretofore taxed, and $10 costs of'this motion. The plaintiff may also suggest other terms, and the order will be settled by me.