Case Name: Harrison v. State
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 1953-12-14
Citations: 222 Ark. 773
Docket Number: 4759
Parties: Harrison v. State.
Judges: Justices George Rose Smith and Robinson dissent.
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 222
Pages: 773–784

Head Matter:
Harrison v. State.
4759
262 S. W. 2d 907
Opinion delivered December 14, 1953.
Rehearing denied January 11, 1954.
W. H. McClellan, for appellant.
Tom Gentry, Attorney General and Thorp Thomas, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.

Opinion:
J. Seaborn Holt, J.
On a charge of rape, a jury found appellant guilty of assault with intent to rape, and fixed his punishment at a term of three years imprisonment, under § 41-607, Ark. Stats. 1947, which provides: "Whoever shall feloniously, wilfully, and with malice aforethought assault any person with intent to commit a rape, and his counsellors, aiders, and abettors, shall, on conviction thereof, be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than three (3) nor more than twenty-one (21) years." This appeal followed.
—1—
For reversal, appellant first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. The prosecuting witness, and victim of appellant's lust, testified that she was sixteen years of age and a student in the Arlcadelphia High School; that she and appellant, Harrison, were returning in an automobile from Hot Springs to Arkadelphia, on Saturday night, June 27, 1953, and at a point where the "Tower Road" (a side road) led from the highway "he stopped and backed up and went up that little road." He had previously told witness what he was going to do to her. She saw a spring nearby and asked him to get her a drink of water and she planned to get out and run as he got the water, but that he did not give her a chance, but stood by her while she drank. After she drank the water, he immediately drove further up the road, stopped again and "told me what he was going to do again, so I started screaming and everything and he told me if I didn't shut my damn mouth he'd cut my throat. He had something in his hand and I got scared and I was so scared I couldn't do anything." He had her under the steering wheel and was holding something on her throat (which, on cross examination, she said was a knife) and that while she was resisting and screaming, and without her consent, he had intercourse with her. Other sordid details we do not set out.
Appellant admits that he had intercourse with the prosecuting witness, hut insists that it was with her consent. The testimony is in conflict. There were only two people present at the time, appellant and the prosecuting witness. The jury evidently accepted the testimony of the prosecuting witness as true. It was not necessary that her testimony be corroborated. Underdown v. State, 220 Ark. 834, 250 S. W. 2d 131. The jury was the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given the testimony. We hold that there was ample evidence to support the jury's verdict. Herron v. State, 202 Ark. 927, 154 S. W. 2d 351 and Waterman v. State, 202 Ark. 934, 154 S. W. 2d 813.
-2-
Appellant next earnestly argues that the trial court erred in instructing the jury that it could find the appellant guilty of the lesser offense of assault with intent to commit rape, for the reason that he (appellant), in the circumstances, was either guilty of rape or no crime at all, and that an attempt to commit rape was not included in the charge of rape. We do not agree.
In Bradshaw v. State, 211 Ark. 189, 199 S. W. 2d 747, we said: " 'An assault with intent to commit rape is included in the charge of rape, and a conviction may be had of the former offense under an indictment for the latter. Mans. Dig., § 2288; Davis v. State, 45 Ark. 464; 1 Bish. Cr. Law, § 809.
" 'If it be conceded that the testimony would logically demand a verdict of guilty of rape or nothing, it does not follow that a conviction of an attempt to rape should be avoided here. The jury had the power to return the verdict and the offense is less than the crime charged.' "
It was therefore clearly permissible for the jury to convict appellant of the lesser crime of assault with intent to rape, when charged with rape.
-3-
Appellant next argues that the court erred "in permitting Leon White, the father of the prosecuting witness (and) the prosecuting witness to remain in the courtroom and not'under the rule," during the trial. We find no merit to this contention. The court's action here was clearly within its sound discretion and we find no abuse of that discretion prejudicial to appellant's rights. Chambers v. State, 168 Ark. 248, 270 S. W. 528.
-4-
Appellant next argues that the court erred "in permitting Dr. W. A. Boss to answer the question of the prosecuting attorney as to what the finding of semen during his examination of the prosecutrix indicated to him," his answer being to the effect that from his examination that it was his .opinion that intercourse had taken place. In the circumstances, the opinion of this doctor was properly admitted. "When a witness has, by experience and education, gained special knowledge and skill relative to matters involving medical science, he is entitled to give his opinion thereon. 1 Greenleaf on Evidence, § 430c, 441b; 5 Ene. Ev. 534." Miller v. State, 94 Ark. 538, 128 S. W. 353.
—5 (a)—
Next appellant contends that the court erred in permitting Officer Otis Pennington to testify as to what he remembered about a statement made by the appellant during an investigation by the prosecuting attorney and the sheriff. The record reflects the following on this issue: "Q. What did he say, if you recall, what did he purport to tell happened on that morning? A. I wouldn't know all that he said. MR. McOLELLAN: If your Honor please, if he is going to tell about the statement, I want the complete statement or none at all. THE COURT: He can repeat everything that was said that he recalls, so long as the defendant was present. MR. McCLELLAN: I want to object to his testifying about a statement by the defendant unless he tells all the statement that was made. THE COURT: The court agrees that he will have to tell all he recalls that was said. MR. McCLELLAN: I still want to object unless he tells all that was said; not all that he remembers but all that the witness ' statement contained. THE COURT: I have ruled on the objection."
In the circumstances, there was no error in permitting this witness to tell all that he remembered of appellant's statement. It appears that appellant's counsel cross-examined this witness, Pennington, at some length. He, therefore, had ample opportunity to bring out before the jury any portions of appellant's statements omitted by Pennington.
-5 (b)-
Appellant further argues that "the court erred in sustaining the objection of the State to the introduction of a pocket knife as an exhibit to the testimony of the witness, Otis Shepherd, over the objections and exceptions of the defendant." We find no error here for the reason that the proper foundation had not been laid for the introduction of this testimony. The record reflects that during the examination of witness, Otis Shepherd, and at the time the appellant offered to introduce the knife in question, the following occurred: "THE COURT: Q. Had you seen this knife in his (appellant's) possession earlier that evening? A. Not that evening, but I had seen it days before. I had seen it before. I don't recall seeing it that evening. I mean earlier that evening. THE COURT: Q. You don't know whether he had that knife that evening or not? A. I don't know. That's the knife I found in my car. THE COURT: The objection is sustained. The knife will not be introduced."
The above is the foundation upon which appellant sought to introduce the knife. This appears to be the only time at which appellant sought its admission. We hold, on the showing made, that the knife had not been properly identified and therefore there was no error. See Walker v. State, 215 Ark. 530, 221 S. W. 2d 402.
—6—
Appellant next argues that the court erred in refusing his requested instructions No. 7 and No. 9. We do not agree. His instruction No. 7 would have told the jury that it was the duty of the prosecuting witness "to resist with all the force and strength that is within her power, consistent with her safety, and to continue to resist as long as she is physically able." This instruction was properly refused in that it would require the prosecutrix to resist as long as she was physically able. This she was not required to do under the law. "The law does not require of the woman, who seeks to protect her chastity, that she shall resist as long as either strength endures, or consciousness continues." Zinn and Cheney v. State, 135 Ark. 342, 205 S. W. 704.
Appellant's requested instruction No. 9 has been approved by this court in the above case of Zinn v. State. However, we find that the trial court gave substantially the same instruction covering, in effect, all points in appellant's instruction No. 8, as modified by the court. It is not error to refuse to give an instruction which is fully covered by another. The court is not required to multiply instructions. Bly v. State, 213 Ark. 859, 214 S. W. 2d 77.
Appellant also alleges error in the court's refusal to give his requested instruction No. 13. This instruction would have told the jury that if the prosecutrix failed to make a complaint, or if she exhibited friendliness after the act, that they could consider either or both of such findings on the question of consent. The answer to this contention is that the court gave appellant's instruction No. 12, which was, in effect, and substantially the same, as No. 13. What we have said in the above paragraph 'applies with equal force to this contention. There was no error.
Finally, appellant argues that the court erred in refusing to give his requested instructions No. 17 and 19. No. 17 was as follows: "Before the defendant can be convicted of assault with intent to rape, you must believe from the evidence that lie assaulted the prosecuting witness, and at the same time intended to use whatever force was necessary to overcome her and have sexual intercourse with her, and unless you so find you should acquit him of assault with intent to rape."
The court covered this instruction in another to the jury, as follows: "Before you can find the defendant guilty in this case, you must find beyond a reasonable doubt; First, that the defendant made an unlawful assault upon the prosecuting witness; Second, that the assault was made by the defendant with the intention of using whatever force or intimidation that was necessary to overcome the prosecuting witness and have sexual intercourse with her; Third, that the defendant actually had sexual intercourse with the prosecuting witness; and Fourth, that the sexual intercourse was accomplished forcibly and against the will of the prosecuting witness. Unless you find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed each and all four of these acts, it will be your duty to find the defendant not guilty."
-7-
Instruction No. 19 was substantially and, in effect, the same as Instruction No. 18, which the court gave. As has been indicated, the court was not required to repeat or multiply instructions on the same issue. Lee and Stewart v. State, 200 Ark. 964, 141 S. W. 2d 842.
Other assignments of appellant have not been overlooked, but after a consideration of all, we find no merit to any of them.
The judgment is affirmed.
Justices George Rose Smith and Robinson dissent.