Case Name: CYPRIAN CROSS & AL. v. WILLIAM F. CAMP
Court: Supreme Court of North Carolina
Jurisdiction: North Carolina
Decision Date: 1851-06
Citations: 7 Ired. Eq. 193
Docket Number: 
Parties: CYPRIAN CROSS & AL. v. WILLIAM F. CAMP.
Judges: 
Reporter: North Carolina Reports
Volume: 42
Pages: 193–197

Head Matter:
CYPRIAN CROSS & AL. v. WILLIAM F. CAMP.
Although, in general, a tenant for life of slaves is entitled to the possession of them, yet it is a settled rule of the Court not to allow them to be removed beyond the jurisdiction of the State.
Hence when a tenant for life, of slaves, living here, threatens to carry them away or to sell them to another with a view to their removal, a Court of Equity will lay him under injunction and bonds not to remove them and to have them forth-coming.
Cause transmitted to the Supreme Court from the Court of Equity of Northampton County, at the Fall Term 1850.
Lucy C. Rives, late of Northampton, by her will gate certain real estate, and also her negroes and every other’ kind and description of property owned by her to her two infant daughters Sarah Rives and Mary Rites for their lives respectively, with the following limitations: That if one of them should die without leaving a child surviving her, the whole property shall vest in and go to the survivor of the two daughters : and if they or either of them should - marry and have issue, then the said share of the property given to the mother shall go to such child or children as she may leave living at her death: and that if one of the daughters .should die leaving a child or children and the other daughter- shall afterwards die, leaving no child surviving her, then the whole property shall vest in and go to such' surviving child or children of the daughter first dying, as shall be al°o living at the death of the second daughter without issue as aforesaid: and if both of the daughters should die without leaving a child surviving, that then the whole property shall go to two brothers of the testator, Lucius Turner and Cassander Turner, and her sister, Martha Turner.
The testator left several slaves and other personal estate: and the executor assented to the legacies and delivered the slaves to one Peebles, the guardian of the two daughters of the testatrix and also paid over to him the sum of $2836, as alleged, as the proceeds of the other personal property and'the profits of the estate.
During the year 1850, the daughter Sarah, who is still an infant, intermarried with William F. Camp, who is an inhabitant of Tennessee; and soon afterwards and while .the negroes were hired out, Camp, filed a petition in the •County Court in the name of himself and his wife against her sister Mary and the guardian to have partition of the slaves and payment of one half the money, with the avovyed intention of returning to his place of residence in Tennessee and carrying the slaves with him. . . '
Lucius Turner and Cassander Turner reside out of this •State, and in December 1850 Mary Rives, by her guardian .Déebles, and Martha'the sister and her husband • Cypfian Cross, filed this bill, praying that the rights óf‘the persons interested in the funds may be secured,-and'particularly that the defendant may be restrained from removing his wife’s share of the negroes out of this State and be compelled to give security not to remove therq and to produce them when required by the Court from time to time, and for general relief.
The answer insists on the-right of the husband to receive the money belonging to his wife, and also upon bis right to remove the slaves to Tennessee, where he resides. He states, that he has no intention to sell them or any them or otherwise to part from them, and that his sole purpose in removing them is to have the fuller enjoyment of their pro,-, fits, by employing them in his own service. . .
B. F. Moore, for the plaintiff.
Bragg, for the defendant.

Opinion:
Ruffin, C. J.
The tenant for life of a residue or of a sum of money can have the interest only ; for, in effect, he is the donee of an annuity measured by the interest. The solvency of one in the best credit now is so uncertain as to-any future time, especially through his life time, as not to-authorize his having in his hands, or his own credit, money which must go over to others at his death. The executor,, therefore, ought not to have paid the money part of the-estate to the daughter's guardian, but ought to have required it to be invested under the direction of the Court for the benefit of all who, may be entitled from time to time. As the whole fund happens in this case to be together in the hands of a person, who was the guardian of both of the daughters, it can now be brought in, so that it may be invested in State bonds oí otherwise effectually secured. Of course, this is the rule in reference to the original capital only: for such part of the fund in the hands of the guardian ;as arose from suits, hires or interest of money, accrued-since the death of the testatrix, belongs absolutely to the two daughters! being in substance what was given to them. In taking the accounts, therefore, the capital and such profits must be distinguished.
It is not precisely the same with respect to slaves. They have always been delivered to the legatee for life : because the right in remainder is not defeated, nor necessarily endangered'by his insolvency, as the specific thing goes over. But although'the tenant for life be thus entitled to the slaves 'specifically, it is the settled rule of the Court not to allow them to be removed beyond the jurisdiction. It can hardly be, that remaindermen and especially remote contingent re-maindermen should not have the value of their interests materially affected by carrying the slaves to remote places, when it must be highly inconvenient and expensive to follow, indentify, and reclaim them. It would put it in the power of the present holders to baffle those claiming after them, and reduce the value of their property in the slaves to almost nothing. Hence, when a tenant living here, has threatened to carry away slaves or to sell them to another with the view their removal, he has always been laidunder an injunction and bonds not to remove them and to have them forthcoming. There is in this case, indeed, no particular evil purpose in the defendant in the removal he intended, as we must take it from the answer, that his object is solely his own rightful enjoyment without any design to injure those entitled after him. Yet the Court must act upon general principles; and we cannot tell how far creditors of .the husband in Tennessee might lay hold of those slaves, and thereby the whole of them, at some future time, be scattered into different places and hands, from which the remaindermen might find it almost impossible to regain the possession or recover the value. The case, is therefore, one in which the plaintiffs are entitled to an'injunction, and also to have a receiver appointed to take the custody of the slaves and hire' them out, paying the hires to the person entitled for the time being, unless the defendant will enter into proper bonds not to remove the skives from this State and to produce them as may be required by the Court.
Per Curiam. Decree accordingly.