Case Name: Ashton B. Talbot, Respondent, against Doran & Wright Company, Limited, Appellant
Court: New York Court of Common Pleas
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1890-04-07
Citations: 16 Daly (N.Y.) 174
Docket Number: 
Parties: Ashton B. Talbot, Respondent, against Doran & Wright Company, Limited, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Daly's Common Pleas Reports
Volume: 16
Pages: 174–178

Head Matter:
Ashton B. Talbot, Respondent, against Doran & Wright Company, Limited, Appellant.
(Decided April 7th, 1890.)
In an action to recover margins paid defendant corporation as a broker in transactions in oil, plaintiff alleging that no purchases or sales were in fact made, where the relation between the parties is that of principal and agent, defendant doing the business on commission, plaintiff will be allowed an order for the examination of defendant’s officers and an inspection of its books before trial. Plaintiff is entitled to know whether or not the transaction claimed by his agent in fact took place.
Where, in such case, it is sought to examine the principal officers of the corporation, plaintiff need not allege that such officers have knowledge of the corporation’s transactions; that will be presumed.
If the books of the corporation are necessary to enable the officers of the corporation to testify as to plaintiff’s account, their production will be compelled.
Appeal from an order of this court denying a motion to vacate an order for examination of defendant’s officers before trial, and for the production of its books and papers.
The facts are stated in the opinion.
Shepard £ Osborne, for appellant.
Tracy, MacFarland, Boardman, Platt, for respondent.

Opinion:
J. F. Daly, J.
The defendant corporation holds itself out as engaged in the business of broker, buying stocks, oil, etc., in the City of New York: the plaintiff, residing in Philadelphia, transmitted, through one Fleshman in that city, orders to defendant, in August, 1888, to purchase and sell oil for him on commission, depositing with Fleshman margins aggregating $5,900, all of which were received by defendant less Fleshman's commissions. On August 81st, 1888, the transactions were closed by an order from plaintiff to defendant to buy oil to close the account; Fleshman reported that it had been done and that the plaintiff's loss was $4,403, and paid over to him $1,347 as a balance coming to him of the margins less the loss. The plaintiff charges that the defendant did not buy nor sell any oil as ordered by plaintiff, and demands judgment for the $4,403 with interest from August 31st, 1888. An examination of the officers of the defendant corporation and an inspection of its books is sought for because, as plaintiff swears, it is impossible to show in any other way that the plaintiff's orders were not executed; also for the purpose of showing that defendant is not a broker doing a legitimate business, but is merely engaged in gambling, etc.; also for the purpose of proving that Fleshman is its agent.
The first objection made by defendant to the examination is that it is sought by plaintiff for the purpose of finding out whether he has a cause of action; and that examinations are never allowed for that purpose (Lathrop v. Brown, 5 Civ. Pro. Rep. 101; Kirkland v. Moss, 11 Abb. New Cas. 421; Schepmoes v. Bousson, 1 Abb. New Cas. 485 ; Kaufman v. Herzfeld, 1 How. Pr. N. S. 444). The cases first and last cited were similar to the present in that the examination sought was of parties who were stock or grain brokers, with respect to purchases and sales on account of a customer; and it was held that the examination could not be permitted where its object was to ascertain whether a cause of action or a counterclaim existed. But in the case of Judah v. Lane (14 Daly 308, 12 N. Y. St. Rep'r 130), where it was claimed that the defendant as broker for the plaintiff's assignor had bought and sold stocks and grain for him and had rendered accounts which the plaintiff claimed were false, the General Term of this court permitted an examination of defendant before trial. It was said in the opinion in the case that the allegations of fraudulent practices made in plaintiff's affidavit were to be taken as confessed because the motion to vacate the examination was made upon the plaintiff's papers; also that the plaintiff's accusations were substantiated by the facts set forth in his papers; but it is not necessary in order to obtain an order for examination that the plaintiff's alleged cause of action should be admitted, or that evidence in support of it should be set forth in the application for the order. The Code does not require it (§§ 872-3.) The case is an authority for permitting an examination of defendants for the purpose of ascertaining what dealings were actually had by the broker on account of his customer, where the latter, or his assignee, brings an action for that purpose. This is in accord with the decision of the General Term of the Supreme Court of this department in Miller v. Kent (59 How. Pr. 322), where the examination of the defendants, brokers, as to purchases and sales of land for the plaintiff, was allowed before trial in an action brought to compel an accounting. It was said by the court that " a commission merchant or broker has no right to conceal from his customer any portion of his business and dealings in relation to the property alleged to have been bought and sold; and where he withholds the fullest information on that 'subject, the right to examination before trial in an action brought to recover alleged profits, or to adjust the unsettled accounts, should be fully accorded." In both of the above cases it might have been objected that the object of the examination was to ascertain whether plaintiff had a cause of action; but this objection cannot be sustained where the relation of the parties is that of principal and agent, as in the case of a customer and his broker. That relation existed between the plaintiff in this case and the defendant corporation.
The second objection to the examination is that there is no good reason for the examination of defendant's officers before, rather than at the trial. This objection is not a good one where the-fact to be determined is whether certain transactions were or were not had by an agent who has alleged them. The principal has the right to know the facts in advance of the trial in order to investigate such transactions and make preparations for the trial.
The next objection is that there is no allegation in the plaintiff's affidavits that the officers of defendant sought to be examined have knowledge of the fact whether oil was or was not bought or sold by defendant for plaintiff. To this objec tion it may be answered that the defendant, being a corporation, could only buy or sell through its agent; that the parties required to appear and submit to examination are its officers and agents, who are presumed to have transacted its business and to know what business it did or' did not transact and what orders it did or did not execute. If these officers (the president, vice president, and secretary) do not know the facts because some other agent was employed in the transactions, • they can state who that agent was. But nothing of the sort is alleged; and as the books of the concern are to be produced upon the examination and the transactions, if any, appear upon them, it is only necessaiy for the parties under examination to identify the entries and testify what they know of the transactions represented bjr such entries.
This brings us to the next objection : that the affidavits do not show the facts necessary to support an order for the production and inspection of books and papers. Under the 7th subdivision of section 872 of the Code,, the order for the examination of the officers of a corporation shall direct the production of books and papers as to the contents of which an examination or inspection is desired. This section applies to an examination " depending upon or ancillary to oral examination" (Levey v. New York Central j c. R. Co., 13 Civ. Pro. Rep. 262) ; arid in such a case the practice as to inspection of books and papers under section 805 does not apply. Here the object of the inspection of the books is to assist the officers of the defendant company to answer respecting the matters in dispute and to enable them, if they can,, to identify the entries of transactions on plaintiff's behalf. As it is alleged that the name of the plaintiff does not appear upon the books, and that transactibns in his behalf were designated and recorded under certain-numbers by which his orders were transmitted to defendant, it is manifest that an inspection of the books can be of no assistance without an examination of defendant's officers, and this brings the case within subdivision 7 of section 872.
The objection that the allegations of the plaintiff's affida vits are upon information and belief, and that there is mere suspicion or conjecture as a basis for the examination, is not a sound one under the circumstances of this case. The plaintiff is entitled to the information he seeks from his brokers, and is not bound to make out a case against them as a condition of the examination. The case of Central C. T. R. Co. v. Twenty-third St. R. Co. (53 How. Pr. 45) applies to proceedings for inspection solely.
The order should be affirmed, with $10 costs.
Bischoff, J., concurred.
Order affirmed, with costs.