Case Name: Hess, Appellant, v. Sun Ray Drug Co.
Court: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania
Decision Date: 1956-12-29
Citations: 387 Pa. 199
Docket Number: Appeal, No. 354
Parties: Hess, Appellant, v. Sun Ray Drug Co.
Judges: Before Stern, C. J., Jones, Bell, Chidsey, Musmanno and Arnold, JJ.
Reporter: Pennsylvania State Reports
Volume: 387
Pages: 199–206

Head Matter:
Hess, Appellant, v. Sun Ray Drug Co.
December 29, 1956:
Argued November 14, 1956.
Before Stern, C. J., Jones, Bell, Chidsey, Musmanno and Arnold, JJ.
Thomas S. Howland, with him Melling & Howland, for appellant.
Perry S. Bechtle, with him Thomas E. Comber, Jr., for appellee.

Opinion:
Opinion
Per Curiam,
This is an appeal from a judgment of nonsuit in an action of trespass. The judgment is affirmed on the following excerpts from the able opinion of President Judge Kun :
"The evidence in plaintiff's case Avas rather meagre. It consisted of her OAvn testimony, as folloAvs: On direct examination plaintiff testified that on August 25, 1951, she was about to enter the Sun Eay store located at Frankford Avenue and Orthodox Street, in the City of Philadelphia. She noticed a stand in the entrance-way where a clerk was dispensing orange juice, with about eight or nine people standing in front of it. The stand was on the left hand side of the entranceway, and there Avere doors on both sides of the entranceway. She was about to enter . by the left hand door, which was nearer the stand. She described the happening of the accident, as follows: 'Then these children were there and they were evidently fooling. They were laughing and fooling, all these young people, and I slipped and fell on the — ' ['Q. As you slipped Avhat happened? A. I Avanted to get a hold of the door to go in and just as I did that, I slipped and fell. Q. What part of your body Avas hurt? A. My arm or my wrist. I fell right on my hand and I felt a very severe pain in my right arm after I fell. Q. Did you observe anything else after you fell? A. Well, I noticed that my clothing was all full of this orange juice.'] After the fall, she noticed orange juice stains upon her clothing. On cross-examination, plaintiff testified that she was not carrying anything at the time of the accident, that she was not looking at the ground but was looking for the door. It was upon the basis of this testimony that the nonsuit was entered.
"The applicable principles of law Avith respect to the question of negligence are well settled. Plaintiff was a business visitor upon the premises of defendant, which owed her the duty of keeping the premises reasonably safe and of correcting any unsafe condition which was discoverable by the exercise of reasonable care and diligence. Defendant, however, was not an insurer, and therefore the mere happening of an accident did not impose liability upon it. Parker v. McCrory Stores Corp., 378 Pa. 122. In order for plaintiff to recover, it was incumbent upon her to prove that the condition of which she complained was the result of the direct negligence of an employee of defendant, or that defendant had sufficient constructive notice of the defect to have enabled it to correct that defect. Lanni v. Penna. R. R. Co., 371 Pa. 106.
"In this case all that we have with respect to the happening of the accident is that plaintiff slipped, and after she fell, noticed orange juice stains upon her clothing. There is no evidence as to how the orange juice got on the floor and, therefore, we could not have permitted a jury to speculate that it got there through the direct negligence of defendant's employee. And if the speculation were permitted that the orange juice was spilled by a customer, there is nothing in the evidence as to how long it remained on the floor prior to the accident.
"This case is ruled by Lanni v. Penna. R. R. Co., supra, wherein plaintiff slipped on a grease spot on defendant's premises. There was testimony that the grease was covered with dust or dirt. The Superior Court (170 Pa. Superior Ct. 81) held that the jury could have inferred from the existence of the dust or dirt that the grease had been upon defendant's premises for a sufficient period of time to have constituted notice to the defendant. The Supreme Court reversed the Superior Court and held that there was not sufficient evidence of constructive notice, stating, at p. 112: C . . it would only be a guess whether the grease spot was on the driveway 10 minutes, 10 hours or 10 days prior to plaintiff's accident.' The same reasoning ap plies with equal force in the instant case. Here, if there were orange juice on the floor, there was nothing in the evidence to indicate whether it was spilled 10 seconds, 10 minutes or 10 hours before the accident, just as in the Lanni case.
"Plaintiff contends that this case is controlled, not by the Lanni case, supra, but rather by Stais v. Sears-Roebuck & Co., 174 Pa. Superior Ct. 498, which was affirmed by the Supreme Court without passing upon the legal question there involved: 378 Pa. 289. In the Stais case, supra, in which the Superior Court held that the attendant facts charged defendant with constructive notice of the defect, there was involved a structural defect, and the Superior Court distinguished it from the Lanni case by saying, at p. 503-4: 'Lanni v. Penna. R. R. Co., supra, involved the presence of a foreign substance.' So it is with the instant case which also involves the presence of a foreign substance, and it is therefore controlled by Lanni v. Penna. R. R. Co., and not by Stais v. Sears-Roebuck & Co."