Case Name: CURTIS v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1931-11-25
Citations: 46 S.W.2d 303
Docket Number: No. 14414
Parties: CURTIS v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 46
Pages: 303–306

Head Matter:
CURTIS v. STATE.
No. 14414.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Nov. 25, 1931.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 17, 1932.
T. J. Ramey, of Sulphur Springs, and Clark, Harrell & Clark, of Greenville, for appellant.
■ Lloyd W. Davidson, State’s Atty., of Austin, for the State.

Opinion:
CHRISTIAN, J.
The offense is murder; the punishment, confinement in the penitentiary for six years.
Appellant and A. B. Mallow lived on adjoining places. A division fence between their property had been the cause of several quarrels between the parties. On the occasion of the homicide, A. B. Mallow, Pennington Mallow (deceased), and Orville Mallow, who were the sons of A. B. Mallow, went to the fence for the purpose of cutting a ditch along its side, on Mallow's property. A. B. Mallow was engaged in clearing weeds along the fence. He had set the weeds on fire. Touching the fatal difficulty, the state's testimony was, in substance, as follows: Appellant approached the fence and asked A. B. Mallow what he was going to do. Mallow replied that he was going to dig a ditch in order to take care of the water that was running over his land. At this time appellant was 25 or 30 feet from Mallow. Appellant took Mr. Mallow to task for having set fire to the grass, stating to him that the smoke made his wife sick. Mr. Mallow replied that his wife had come out and helped the boys fight the fire and it did not make her sick. Appellant said, "You are just a damn liar," and pulled a pistol out of his coat pocket. Seeing that he was going to shoot him, Mr. Mallow turned his back toward appellant. Appellant said, "I have been wanting to get you for' a long time," and fired a shot at Mallow, which took effect in his arm. At the time the shot was fired, Mr. Mallow was 25 or 30 feet from appellant. After shooting Mr. Mallow in the arm, appellant fired a shot at Pennington Mallow, deceased, who was 25 or 30 feet from his father. Deceased fell to the ground mortally wounded, and died in approximately ten minutes. Appellant then fired a shot at Orville Mallow. This shot did not take effect. The wife of A. B. Mallow, upon hearing the shots, ran to the scene of the difficulty. Appellant fired two shots at Mrs. Mallow as she approached, and then turned and walked away.
Appellant testified, in substance, that when he saw the fire he believed that his fence was burning and went to the scene of the homicide to see about it; that when he spoke to Mallow about the fire damaging the fence, Mallow cursed him, calling him a G-d-lying s- of a b-; that he replied that Mallow was a dirty liar; that Mallow then started toward him, with a hoe in his hand, saying, "I will kill you" ; that Mallow struck at him and he dodged; that Mallow made a demonstration as if to cross the fence; that the division fence was between him and Mallow ; that when Mallow came toward the fence as if to cross it, he drew his pistol and fired, believing that Mallow was going to kill him; that Mallow had theretofore made threats against his life; that he did not see Orville Mallow or deceased, and fired no shots at either of them; that he fired all of the shots at A. B. Mallow in self-defense; that he and deceased were on friendly terms, and he had no intention of shooting him, and did not know at the time that one of the shots he fired struck deceased. Appellant and his witnesses testified to threats A. B. Mallow had made against his life.
Bill of exception Net 1 recites that appellant presented a motion' to the court before any evidence was introduced asking that the district attorney be instructed to refrain from introducing any evidence as to what was said by deceased and the members of his family at the scene of the homicide after deceased had been shot and during the time he was dying. It was averred in the motion that the testimony the state would seek to introduce threw no light on the issues to be decided, and would serve no purpose other than to influence the minds of the jury. It was alleged in the motion that it would be undisputed that appellant killed deceased by shooting him with a pistol. The court overruled the motion. There is nothing in the bill of exception to show that the testimony the state would seek to introduce was inadmissible. If the testimony was relevant and material, the fact that appellant' admitted he killed deceased would not authorize appellant to determine the method to be employed by the prosecuting attorney in developing the state's case.
Bill of exception No. 2 presents the following occurrence: The mother of deceased wept while giving her testimony. After testifying that she went to the scene of the homicide immediately after deceased had been shot, she stated that deceased said to her: "Mr. Curtis' (appellant) has killed daddy and he is going to kill you, go back." The witness testified further: "And Mr. Mallow hollered 'Eor God's sake go back, he is going to shoot you,' and I went on to Pennington (deceased), and when I got to him he fell in my arms and was so large he fell in my arms, and when he fell in my arms he was so large, he knocked me down and we all went down together and Mr. Mallow was down on his feet and. hands crawling." Appellant objected to the testimony of the witness on the ground that it was irrelevant, prejudicial, inflammatory, and not pertinent to any issue in the case; and on the further ground that the declarations of deceased constituted an opinion. Another ground of objection was that said declarations were not made in the presence and hearing of appellant. It is not certified in the bill of exception that appellant was not present. If appellant was present, all of the testimony of the witness would appear to have been admissible. Taylor v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. R. 112, 229 S. W. 552. The mere statement of the ground of objection that appellant was not present is not a certificate of the trial judge that the fdets forming the basis of the objection were true. Branch's Annotated Penal Code, § 209; Fuller v. State, 50 Tex. Cr. R. 14, 95 S. W. 541. The occurrence testified to by the witness was res gest®. It is unnecessary to 'determine whether the opin ion of deceased that appellant was going to shoot his mother, being res gestsa, was properly admitted. A part of the declaration of deceased was that appellant had killed his father. Appellant shot deceased's father shortly before he shot deceased. As far as the bill of exception reflects the matter, the declaration to the effect that appellant had killed deceased's father was admissible. If the declaration that appellant was going to kill the mother of deceased was inadmissible —and this is not conceded — it is observed that appellant's objections were leveled at all of deceased's statements. A part of the statement being admissible and there being nothing in the objections to directly chai- lenge or single out tlie inadmissible declaration, the bill of exception is too general to be appraised. Branch's Annotated Penal Code, § 211; Payton v. State, 35 Tex. Cr. R. 508, 34 S. W. 615. The opinion is expressed that the bill of exception fails to reflect reversible error. See Simpson v. State, 97 Tex. Cr. R. 57, 263 S. W. 273; Claxton v. State, 109 Tex. Cr. R. 345, 4 S.W.(2d) 542.
It is recited in bill of exception No. 3 that deceased's father was permitted to testify that deceased died in his lap. We are unable to reach the conclusion that the bill of exception reflects error. Deceased died ten minutes after he was shot. It was incumbent upon the state to prove his death. It was not improper to prove that he died in his father's lap. Claxton v. State, supra; Simpson v. State, supra. The details of deceased's death were a part and parcel of the transaction which resulted in the homicide.
Bill of exception No. 7 recites that the court declined to permit appellant to prove by his wife's deposition that it was more than an hour after the difficulty before she learned that deceased had been shot, and further that she learned such fact from some of the neighbors. It is recited in the bill of exception that the testimony showed that during the difficulty appellant's wife had heard some one hollering in the direction her husband had gone, and that she met her husband coming from the scene of the difficulty. It appears that appellant offered the rejected testimony for the purpose of supporting his theory that he did not know that he had shot deceased, it being his position that his wife's statement was tantamount to testimony that he did not tell her when he approached the house that he had shot deceased. Stated in another way, the fact that he did not tell her, according to appellant's contention, tended to show that he had no knowledge that he had killed deceased. It appears on page 72 of the statement of facts that in answer to a cross-interrogatory, the witness testified as follows; "It is not a fact that I heard Pennington MallOw (deceased) say that 'he has killed me'- or words to that effect, and that I knew that he had been shot and mortally wounded and that it was not necessary for anyone to tell me that he had been shot, as I knew nothing of it for more than an hour afterwards."
Further the deposition of the witness was to the effect that appellant went to town about thirty minutes after the shooting, leaving her at home. If the statement that neighbors informed her of the death of deceased should have been received in evidence, we would not feel warranted in ordering a reversal because of its rejection. iSuch testimony was not calculated to lend greater support to appellant's contention that he did not know he had killed deceased than was that part of the deposition of appellant's wife hereinbefore quoted.
Appellant excepted to the charge of the court on the ground that the issue of self-defense against the acts of deceased and his brother Orville Mallow was not submitted. The opinion is expressed that the issue was not raised. Appellant testified that he did not know he shot deceased. He denied that he fired shots at anybody but A. B. Mallow. He testified that A. B. Mallow, deceased's father, approached him with a hoe. He said he did not see deceased and Orville Mallow at all at this time. There was no testimony that either deceased or Orville Mallow attacked appellant or made any demonstration toward him. The state's testimony was to the effect that deceased and his brother ran to their father after appellant shot at him (the father). Appellant, as stated before, testified that he did not see them.
Appellant requested the court tp charge the jury in effect that he should be acquitted unless he intended to shoot deceased. Appellant defended on the ground that the father of deceased was trying to kill him with a hoe, and that, in firing at him in his own necessary self-defense, he unintentionally shot deceased. The charge of the court submitted appellant's theory of self-defense. After defining self-defense, the court instructed the jury that if they had a reasonable doubt as to whether appellant was shooting at deceased's father, A. B. Mallow, in self-defense, appellant should be acquitted of the charge of' killing deceased. Where the accused, "in exercising his perfect right of self-defense accidentally kills'a bystander or a third person," he is guilty of no offense. Branch's Annotated Penal Code, § 1991; McCullough v. State, 62 Tex. Cr. R. 126, 136 S. W. 1055; Hobbs v. State, 68 Tex. Cr. R. 593, 151 S. W. 809. If the accused, acting with malice aforethought, shoots at one person and kills a bystander, or a third person, he is guilty of murder with malice. If he does not act with malice aforethought, he is guilty of murder without malice. See Branch's Annotated Penal Code, § 1901. See, also, Jones v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. R. 355, 231 S. W. 122. Under the evidence, the charge sought by appellant would not have been a correct statement of the law.
Paragraph No. 9 of the court's charge reads as follows: "In all prosecutions for felonious homicide the state or the defendant shall be permitted to offer testimony as to all relevant facts and circumstances surrounding the killing and the previous relationship 'existing between the accused and the deceased, together with all relevant facts and circumstances going to show the condition of the mind of the accused at the time of the homicide, and in case the defendant is found guilty, all such facts, if any, must be considered by the jury in determining the punishment to be assessed."
Appellant interposed no objection to the foregoing charge. As shown by bill of exception No. 13, the district attorney stated, in his argument to the jury, that all the evidence that had been introduced which tended to show former difficulties between appellant and A. B. Mallow was permitted by the court under paragraph No. 9 of the charge (the paragraph hereinbefore quoted). The district .attorney then said: "This charge of the court which I have just read means that you cannot consider any of that evidence in deciding the guilt or innocence of this defendant, but the court tells you that you can consider it only in determining the punishment to be assessed by you against him." The court -overruled appellant's objection to the argument. The bill of exception is deficient in failing to show the nature of the prior difficulties between appellant and A. B. Mallow. As far as the bill reflects the matter, the prior difficulties referred to might have had no bearing on the question of guilt or innocence of appellant. In the absence of some information from the bill of exception touching the nature of the difficulties to which reference was made, we are unable to determine whether, if improper, the argument was harmful.
Failing to find reversible error, the judgment is affirmed.
PER CURIAM.
The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the court.