Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Larry O'NEAL Roach, Defendant-Appellant; United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Kenneth Earl Logan, Jr., Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2001-03-12
Citations: 5 F. App'x 255
Docket Number: Nos. 00-4163, 00-4314
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Larry O’NEAL Roach, Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Kenneth Earl Logan, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before WIDENER and GREGORY, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 5
Pages: 255–258

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Larry O’NEAL Roach, Defendant-Appellant. United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Kenneth Earl Logan, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.
Nos. 00-4163, 00-4314.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Submitted Feb. 28, 2001.
Decided March 12, 2001.
Keith L. Kimball, Colgan & Kimball, Virginia Beach, VA; Robert E. Frank, Norfolk, VA, for appellants. Helen F. Fa-hey, United States Attorney, Laura M. Everhart, Assistant United States Attorney, Norfolk, VA, for appellee.
Before WIDENER and GREGORY, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge.

Opinion:
OPINION
PER CURIAM.
A jury convicted Larry O'Neal Roach of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C.A. § 846 (West 1999). The jury also convicted Kenneth Earl Logan, Jr., of the same conspiracy charge, as well as possession with intent to distribute cocaine and possession with intent to distribute cocaine base, both in violation of 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(a) (West 1999). Roach received a 151-month sentence, and Logan was sentenced to 262 months on the conspiracy charge, 240 months on the cocaine possession charge, and 262 months on the crack possession charge. Logan's sentences run concurrently. Logan and Roach now appeal.
I
Testimony at trial revealed that Demond Osborne was a major supplier of crack cocaine in Norfolk, Virginia. Osborne moved his operation from time to time. In April 1999 he rented a house on Dunkirk Avenue, where Logan and others sold drugs for him. Osborne was usually at the house only to pick up money from drug sales and to resupply the house when drug inventory grew low. Samantha Pettaway testified that she frequently purchased crack at the house. Logan sold her the drug many times, but Pettaway stated that she had also made several purchases of crack from Roach. Following Pettaway's controlled buy of crack on June 7, 1999, officers executed a search warrant for the house. When they entered the kitchen, they found Logan, Roach, and Osborne, who was cooking powder cocaine into crack.
II
Roach and Logan both claim that the evidence was insufficient to convict them. In reviewing the sufficiency of the Government's evidence, we must sustain the jury's verdict "if there is substantial evidence, taking the view most favorable to the Government, to support it." Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80, 62 S.Ct. 457, 86 L.Ed. 680 (1942). Thus, we limit our review to determining whether a rational trier of fact could fairly find the essential elements of the offenses charged beyond a reasonable doubt. United States v. Ruhe, 191 F.3d 376, 388 (4th Cir.1999). In making our decision, we do not review the credibility of witnesses, and we assume that the jury resolved all evidentiary contradictions in the Government's favor. United States v. Romer, 148 F.3d 359, 364 (4th Cir.1998).
To prove conspiracy to possess crack with intent to distribute, the Government must show "that: (1) an agreement to possess [crack] with intent to distribute existed between two or more persons; (2) the defendants] knew of the conspiracy; and (3) the defendants] knowingly and voluntarily became a part of this conspiracy." United States v. Burgos, 94 F.3d 849, 857 (4th Cir.1996) (en banc). "[A] conspiracy generally is proved by circumstantial evidence and the context in which the circumstantial evidence is adduced." Id. Here, Pettaway testified that on several occasions Logan and Roach sold her crack from the Dunkirk Avenue house. Osborne testified that Logan sold crack for him. The house on Dunkirk Avenue served no purpose other than facilitating Osborne's business of distributing drugs. Finally, police officers discovered Logan and Roach in the kitchen with Osborne, who was cooking crack from recently purchased powder cocaine. This evidence is sufficient to support the conspiracy convictions of both Roach and Logan.
Logan also challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to convict him of possession with intent to distribute powder cocaine and crack cocaine. In order to prove a violation of 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(a)(1), the Government must prove that Logan knowingly and intentionally possessed powder and crack cocaine with the intent to distribute them. United States v. Nelson, 6 F.3d 1049, 1053 (4th Cir.1993). Actual possession of a drug is not required; constructive possession — where the defendant exercises, or has the power to exercise, dominion and control over the substance— is sufficient. United States v. Bell, 954 F.2d 232, 235 (4th Cir.1992). Moreover, dominion and control need not be exclusive, but may be shared. United States v. Wright, 991 F.2d 1182, 1187 (4th Cir.1993).
Logan frequently distributed drugs for Osborne out of the Dunkirk Avenue house. On June 7, the day the search warrant was executed, officers found Logan in the kitchen with Osborne and Roach, along with almost 300 grams of crack and 170 grams of powder cocaine. Osborne was cooking crack for Logan to sell. This was sufficient evidence on which to convict Logan on each count charging a violation of § 841(a)(1).
Ill
Roach and Logan contend that their sentences of 151 months and 262 months, respectively, violate Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). Apprendi held that "[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. 120 S.Ct. at 2362-63. Because Roach's sentence of 151 months did not exceed 240 months — the maximum penalty that is authorized under 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(b)(1)(C) (West 1999), his sentence did not violate Apprendi.
Nor does Logan's sentence violate Apprendi. Logan's guideline range was 262-327 months. We assume, without deciding, that the district court could have imposed only 240 months on the conspiracy charge under Apprendi and § 841(b)(1)(C). However, under U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 5G1.2(d) (2000), the court was obligated to impose consecutive sentences on Logan's various convictions until it reached the "total punishment," or 262 months. See United States v. White, 238 F.3d 537, 2001 WL 87453, at *6-8 (4th Cir. Feb.1, 2001) (No. 99-4578). Therefore, under White and § 5G1.2(d), Logan's 262 month sentence did not violate Apprendi.
IV
Although we grant Logan's pro se motion to file a supplemental brief, we find that the issues raised therein lack merit. First, we have found no Apprendi violation. Second, there is no question that Logan was involved in the distribution of crack cocaine. Finally, there was no error in holding him accountable for between 500 grams and 1.5 kilograms of cocaine.
V
We therefore affirm. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED.