Case Name: Forest Dagett, Respondent, v. Emelie M. Champney, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1907-11-13
Citations: 122 A.D. 254
Docket Number: 
Parties: Forest Dagett, Respondent, v. Emelie M. Champney, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 122
Pages: 254–257

Head Matter:
Forest Dagett, Respondent, v. Emelie M. Champney, Appellant.
Third Department,
November 13, 1907.
Landlord and tenant — renewal by holding over — surrender must be mutual—effect of reletting premises.
Where, a tenant having a lease for a year holds over at .the expiration of the term, the law implies an agreement on his part to hold for another year upon the terms of the lease, and the option is with the landlord so to regard it.
In order to constitute a surrender by operation of law there must not only be an abandonment of the premises by the tenant but an acceptance of the surrender by the landlord.
When a tenant mails the key to her landlord’s attorneys and quits the premises without stating her whereabouts, but the attorneys return the key by mail, with letters stating that the surrender is not accepted, a finding that the surrender was not mutual is supported by the evidence.
When, under such circumstances, the landlord procures a new tenant and puts him in possession, it is from that date an acceptance of the surrender, but does not release the former tenant from rent during the interval.
Appeal ■ by the defendant, Emelie FI. Champney, from a judg-. ment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Warren on the 2oth day of May, 1907, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at'the Warren Special Term.
. The action is for rent. ' On the 1st of May, 1905, the defendant entered into a written lease 'under seal with Julia E. McCann, the plaintiff’s assignor,- by which she leased certain premises in Glens Falls for the term of one year, to commence on the 1st day of May, 1905, and to terminate on the 30th day of April, 1906, at a rental of twenty-five dollars and fifty cents per month, payable monthly in advance. The defendant entered into possession of the premises and occupied them during that year. She held over and continued to occupy the. premises after the expiration of her lease and until about the 1st day of August, 1906. She paid rent during her entire occupancy. There was no agreement between the defendant and said McCann for • such holding over, and there was no other agreement between them than the lease mentioned. About the 1st day of August, 1906, the defendant offered to surrender the property to said McCann, but such surrender was not accepted until about the. middle of October, 1906, when Mrs. McCann leased the premises to another tenant. This action is for .the rent for the months of August, September and October, 1906. The court on the trial found the facts above stated, and awarded judgment for the plaintiff, who is the assignee of Mrs. McCann of said lease and all rights of action thereunder.. From such judgment the defendant has appealed.
Jame H. Bain, for the appellant.
Daniel J. Finn and Walter A. Chambers, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Chester, J. :
Where a tenant, having a lease for a year, holds over at the expiration of his term, the law implies an agreement on his part to hold for another year upon the terms of the lease, and the option is with the landlord to so regard it. (Haynes v. Aldrich, 133 N. Y. 287; Ackley v. Westervelt, 86 id. 448 ; Schuyler v. Smith, 51 id. 309.) That principle, however, is not seriously contended against by the appellant. Her principal claim is that she effectu ally surrendered possession of tiré premises on the last of • J,uly, 1906. The proof- in this respect shows that, on the thirtieth day of July, the defendant wrote a letter to Mrs. McCann's attorneys, who were authorized to act for her in the matter, inclosing the key of the premises, and then left Glens Falls" Without informing them 'as to her whereabouts. Béfore that she had been told that the landlord had elected to regard her 'as a tenant for another year, and expected her to pay the rent in accordance with the terms of the original lease. The attorneys on July 31, 1906, immediately upon the receipt of the key, 'Wrote-two letters, to the defendant, in one of which they inclosed the key, and in"thp other, to a different address, stated that they had returned the key to her in another 'inclosure, and that in case it did' not reach her, and was returned to their office, they would hold it there at her disposal, as the landlord would not consent to a surrender of the lease.' This letter was received by the defendant, but the one. containing the key was returned.to the attorneys, who retained it until the middle of October, when the key was delivered to a new-'tenant. The' court has found upon this evidence that on or about the 1st day of August, 1906,. the defendant, in violation -of her agreement, attempted to surrender the premises, but that said attempted surrender, was not accepted by the landlord, and said premises were not surrendered, and'that there was no surrender'of the lease prior to the time, that. the. rent' for August, September and-October, 1906, became due and payable from the defendant under and by virtue of .the lease as so . renewed. These findings are supported by abundant evidence,, and that is decisive of .the case against the defendant.
In order to constitute a surrender by operation of law, there must riot only be an abandonment of the premises by the tenant, but also an acceptance thereof by the landlord' as a surrender. The mere sending of the keys to the landlord did not of itself constitute a ,surrender. (24 Cyc. 1373.) The landlord's act, however, in'procui'ing a new tenant in October, and putting him in possession, of the premises, did constitute an acceptance of the surrender, and from that time the defendant was released from the payment of any further rent, but such acceptancé did not relate back to the time when she undertook to surrender by sending the keys to the landlord. She had prompt notice that such surrender would not be "accepted, so there was at that time no mutuality between the parties.
The judgment covers only the rent which accrued before the hew tenant was obtained. For this the defendant was clearly liable as there had been no acceptance of her proffered surrender of the premises until that time.
There is nothing in the case of Gray v. Kaufman Dairy & I. C. Co. (162 N. Y. 388), cited by the appellant, inconsistent with this view.
The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
Judgment unanimously affirmed, with costs. '