Case Name: LERMA v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1917-03-28
Citations: 194 S.W. 167
Docket Number: No. 4418
Parties: LERMA v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 194
Pages: 167–168

Head Matter:
LERMA v. STATE.
(No. 4418.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
March 28, 1917.)
1. Criminal Law <§=>1174(2) — Afpeal and Error — Permitting Jury to Taste Liquor —Harmless Error.
Where prosecuting witnesses testified that they bought whisky from accused and that bottle and contents exhibited was that purchased, accused denying sale, that jury smelled or examined liquor was harmless error; the issue not being whether liquor was intoxicating.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 3171, 3172.]
2. Criminal Law <§=>304(20) — Evidence—Judicial Notice — “Intoxicating Liquor.”
Tlie court will take judicial notice that whisky is “intoxicating liquor” (citing Words and Phrases, intoxicating Liquor).
[Ed.* Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 716, 2951½.]
3. Criminal Law <§=>369 (1) — Evidence of Other Offenses.
Evidence in rebuttal, to effect that accused could not have lived with her present husband long because sbe was living with another man, is not subject to contention that it proves another offense.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 822.]
4. Intoxicating Liquors <§==>223(1) — Sale in Local Option Territory — Evidence—Sufficiency.
A conviction of selling intoxicating liquor in a local option precinct cannot be sustained unless it is proven that prohibition had been adopted and was in force in such precinct at the time of the alleged violation.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Intoxicating Liquors, Cent. Dig. §§ 263-267.]
5. Criminal Law <⅞=>304(9) — Evidence—Judicial Knowledge — Adoption of Prohibition.
The court cannot take judicial notice that under local option law prohibition is in force in any county or subdivision thereof.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 706, 2951½.]
6. Criminal Law <§=>304(1) — Evidence— “Judicial Knowledge.”
Personal knowledge of a presiding judge is not “judicial knowledge.”
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 700, 701, 704, 715, 2951⅛'* For other definitions, see Words and Phrases, First and Second Series, Judicial Notice.]
Appeal from District Court, Wilson County; F. G. Chambliss, Judge.
Petra Lerma was convicted of selling intoxicating liquor in local option territory, and appeals.
Reversed and remanded.
J. E. Canfield, of Floresville, for appellant.' E. B. Hendricks, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

Opinion:
MORROW, J.
Appellant was indicted and convicted of the offense of selling intoxicating liquor in a territory where its sale was prohibited, and her punishment assessed at confinement in the state penitentiary for one year.
In the first bill of exceptions complaint is made of the fact that the jury was permitted to uncork a bottle of liquid, alleged to have been a part of the intoxicating liquor sold by appellant, and to smell the liquid. This character of procedure is criticized by this court in the case of Dane v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 87, 35 S. W. 661, in which ease there was an issue as to whether a certain compound was an intoxicating liquor and the jury was permitted to taste and smell it. There was in that case evidence pro and con as to whether the particular fluid which appellant sold was intoxicating. This court also had the question before it in the ease of Parker v. State, 75 S. W. 31, and held that the court committed error in per-, mitting the jury to handle and smell the bottle of liquid which was introduced in evidence as being that charged to have been sold by appellant in that case. Under the facts of that case, there was a sharp issue as to whether the compound charged to have been intoxicating was in fact so, and as to whether or not the liquid exhibited to the jury was the same that had been sold by appellant. In Thompson v. State, 72 Tex. Cr. R. 6, 160 S. W. 685, where the liquid in question was diluted alcohol and shown to have come from the possession of appellant, it was held that the fact that the jury handled the bottle and smelled its contents was not error. In the present ease the prosecuting witnesses testified that they bought whis-ky from appellant. The appellant denied the sale altogether. There was testimony showing that the bottle exhibited to the jury was the same and the contents tire same that was purchased by the prosecuting witness from appellant. The issue, therefore, was not whether the particular liquid was intoxicating, but whether or not the sale had been made. It has been frequently held by this court that it will take judicial notice of the fact that whisky is an intoxicating liquor. Rutherford v. State, 49 Tex. Cr. R. 21, 90 S. W. 172; Wilcoxson v. State, 91 S. W. 581; Words and Phrases (New) vol. 2, p. 1182. The same is true with reference to alcohol. Walker v. State, 98 S. W. 265; Words and Phrases (New) p. 1176. The evidence being conclusive that if the sale was made, it was whisky, and the court judicially knowing that whisky is an intoxicant, the fact that the jury examined or smelled the liquid, while error, would not be harmful under the facts of this case.
The second assignment of error complains that there was error committed by the court in permitting the state to introduce evidence that appellant committed another and different offense. The evidence complained of was in rebuttal to that given by the appellant with reference to the length of time that she had lived with her present husband, and was to the effect that she could not have lived with him long because she was living on witness' place with another Mexican whose name he did not know. He said that he did not claim that she was living in adultery with the Mexican. Appellant herself said she had been married more than once, and, while we do not think the testimony was material or admissible, we are of opinion that the facts developed do not sustain the contention that it was proof of another offense.
In our opinion the other assignments of appellant present no reversible error, except the one which complains of the insufficiency of the evidence. An examination of the statement of facts discloses that it fails to show that the sale of intoxicating liquor had been prohibited in justice precinct No. 4 where the indictment charges the offense to have been committed. It has been uniformly held by this court that an essential requisite to the validity of the conviction for the .sale of intoxicating liquor is proof that its sale has been prohibited, and that this court cannot take judicial notice of the fact that there has been an election resulting in the prohibition of such sales. The court submitted to the jury the question of whether the sale of intoxicating liquor was prohibited in justice precinct No. 4; but, as above stated, there is no evidence in the record which would authorize the jury to determine that issue in the affirmative.
From the case of Jackson v. State, 70 Tex. Cr. R. 582, 157 S. W. 1196, we take the following quotation in an opinion reversing the case rendered by Judge Prendergast:
"This court has uniformly held, and there aro a large number of decisions to- that effect, that a conviction for violating the prohibition law in any county or subdivision thereof where prohibition has been adopted cannot be sustained, unless proof was made showing that prohibition had been adopted and was in force at the time the alleged violation occurred; that the courts cannot take judicial notice that prohibition is in force in any county or subdivision thereof. The personal knowledge of the presiding judge is not judicial knowledge."
Other recent cases to the same effect are Whittlesey v. State, 72 Tex. Cr. R. 614, 163 S. W. 78; Lewis v. State, 73 Tex. Cr. R. 16, 163 S. W. 705; Green v. State, 69 Tex. Cr. R. 550, 155 S. W. 210; Robinson v. State, 69 Tex. Cr. R. 496, 154 S. W. 997. In the case of Dorman v. State, 64 Tex Cr. R. 104, 141 S. W. 526, this court, in an opinion by Judge Harper, used the following language:
"The local option law.is a local or special law, and is in force only in those counties where the people have adopted it, and this court does not judicially know in what territory it has been adopted, and the evidence must show this law to he in force in the territory where the sale is alleged to have been made, or the judgment cannot be sustained."
In deference to the authorities mentioned and the numerous rulings of this court to the same effect, listed in Branch's Annotated Penal Code, p. 695, § 1231, the judgment of the lower court must be reversed, and the cause remanded, because the record fails to show that the sale of intoxicating liquor was prohibited in the district where the offense is laid; and it is so ordered.
<S=>For otlier eases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes