Case Name: Oliver E. Williams, App'lt, v. The New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company, Resp't
Court: Buffalo Superior Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1892-12-21
Citations: 49 N.Y. St. Rep. 568
Docket Number: 
Parties: Oliver E. Williams, App’lt, v. The New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company, Resp’t.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 49
Pages: 568–571

Head Matter:
Oliver E. Williams, App’lt, v. The New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company, Resp’t.
(Superior Court of Buffalo, General Term,
Filed December 21, 1892.)
1. Master and servant—Negligence.
Plaintiff, while in the employ of the defendant, a railroad company, was directed to jack up an unfinished platform car, and in so doing was injured, and brought suit to recover for such injuries. Upon the trial tile evidence tended to establish that the jack used was not a sound tool and safe for the purpose required, that with a perfect jack the accident wou.d not have happened. It also appeared that many of the jacks in use about the shop were worn and wobbled. A witness testified that he had informed defendant’s foreman, before plaintiff was injured, that the jacks were not fit' for use. Held, that the trial court erred in granting a nonsuit; that it was for the jury to determine whether or not the accident was caused by a defect in the jack, and if so, whether the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence.
3. Same—Contributory.
It appeared that the wooden horses used for support could not be placed under the body until the trucks were removed, and the car fell before they were taken out. Held, that the act of g ring under the car, simply to raise the pin, was not so apparently dangerous as to be characterized as negligence per se.
Appeal from a judgment and order denying plaintiff’s motion to set aside a nonsuit.
George W Cothran, for app’lt; Sprague, Morey, Sprague & Brownell, for resp’t.

Opinion:
Hatch, J.
Upon the evidence given, I am persuaded that plaintiff was entitled to have his case submitted to the jury. It appeared that he was employed by defendant as a car repairer, working in and about defendant's repair shop and yards in this city. He entered such employment on October 1, 1888, and continued therein until the 18th of the same month, when he received the injuries for which this suit is brought. On the last named, day he and one Zimmer were directed, by the foreman, to jacks up a new unfinished platform car and remove therefrom the center plates that connected the body of the car with the trucks. Plaintiff had never before jacked up a car, but had seen jacks and knew their use. There were a number of jacks about the repair shop, furnished by defendant, some of which were single screw jacks, and some with double screws worked with a lever.
Upon the direction being given plaintiff found a single screw jack, which he placed under the north side of the car, while Zimmer procured a double screw jack, which he placed under the south side of the car. Plaintiff did not see, and had never examined the jack procured by Zimmer, nor had he before that time any occasion to examine or use them. When the jacks were placed in position the car was raised from four to six inches above the trucks, but not sufficiently far to have the center pin, which entered a socket about twelve inches, clear the plates; this could be accomplished by raising the body still higher with the jacks or by going under the car and raising the pin by hand; the latter course was adopted. Zimmer was to draw out the trucks of the car while plaintiff raised the pin. Before the latter went under the car he looked at his jack, found it was secure, then looked at Zimmer's jack, which appeared secure, and then went under the car. As he raised the pin he felt a sudden jar, the body of the car swayed to the south, plaintiff tried to escape, but was caught betweemthe pin and the side of the car-wheel, where he was pin ioned by the neck, receiving serious and permanent injuries, for which he now seeks compensation.
The allegations of negligence upon the part of defendant consist in not furnishing a safe and secure jack for the use designed. It is needless to cite authority in support of the doctrine that a master is bound to furnish safe, suitable and sound tools for the performance of his work, and to keep them in repair, in and about which duty he is required to exercise reasonable care and prudence. Applying this rule to the facts, we find that the evidence tends to establish that the jack which was procured by Zimmer was not a sound tool and safe for the purpose required. Upon this point the testimony of the witness was to the effect that one of the screws of the jack used by Zimmer had fallen into the cylinder, and laid upon the ground by the side of the car, immediately following the accident; that a perfect screw could not fall into the cylinder without the application of power, either by the lever, if a weight rested upon it, or by the hand turning it, if there were no weight.
It also appeared that many of the jacks, in use about the shop, had become worn and wobbled in their sockets; that this indicated a wearing of the screw and a consequent loss of power. Independent of the oral proof the jury were also entitled to consider, as bearing upon the cause of the accident, the action of the car, the fact that when it fell it swerved towards the south, that 1 the giving way was where the claimed defective jack was placed. All of this testimony, and the circumstances of the accident, would warrant the jury in drawing the inference that the falling of the car was due to a defect in the jack. It is insisted, however, if this be true, that there is no evidence to show that the master was informed of the condition of the tool, or had been guilty of any lack of care in providing a safe implement. This contention is not borne out by the fact, for the witness Wolfe, who worked at- the same place for defendant, both before and after plaintiff was injured, testified that he informed the foreman of defendant that the jacks would not work properly, and were not fit for use. Notice of this character was notice to defendant; at least, it was evidence from which the jury would have been authorized to find that notice had been given. Mann v. Del. & Hudson Canal Co., 91 N. Y., 501; Harvey v. N. Y. Central R. R. Co., 19 Hun, 556.
It is further insisted that the plaintiff had the same means of knowledge of the defect, or of informing himself of it, as the defendant had. This, however, is not borne out by the testimony, for it affirmatively appeared that plaintiff had only been at work thirteen days, and daring that time had not had occasion to use a jack, and in fact had not before used one; besides, from a description of the jack, it is apparent that if the nut was worn it could not be detected by a casual inspection, and might not by anyone not accustomed to their use, even though examination be had, as a portion was hidden from view. Objection is also urged that if there be any negligence it was that of a co-employe, of which plaintiff took the risk. If we assume that Zimmer was negligent in making use of a defective jack, the defendant is not aided. As we have seen, Zimmer selected the jack alone without aid or consultation with plaintiff, consequently, if he ought to have or did discover its defect, nevertheless it was alone his negligence, and such fact in no wise detracted from the duty of defendant; it was still negligent in furnishing the unsound tool, so that it becomes the concurrent negligence of both. Under such circumstances the master is not excused. Coppins v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 122 N. Y., 557 ; 34 St. Rep., 214.
Defendant urges that the evidence conclusively establishes contributory negligence upon the part of plaintiff. This was clearly not the opinion of the learned trial court, as it announced that the evidence upon that branch of the case was sufficient to submit to the jury. I see no reason for disagreeing with that conclusion. The main features upon which this claim is urged have been already noticed; the only additional one relates to his going under the car, when it might have been raised sufficiently high by the jacks to obviate the necessity, and also by a failure to use other supports for the body of the car than the jacks. It appears that the wooden horses used for support could not be placed under the body until the trucks were removed, and the car fell before they were taken out. Taking all the circumstances into consideration, I am not alble to say, as matter of law, that the act of going under the car, simply to raise the pin, was so apparently dangerous as to be characterized as negligence per se; it is doubtless competent for the jury so to find, but it is a question for them.
Error was also committed in rejecting offered testimony and ivl striking out that which had been given, but as this will doubtless be avoided upon a new trial, it is not deemed necessary to discuss it.
I am, therefore, of opinion that the judgment and order appealed from should be reversed, the non-suit set aside, and a new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event
White, J., concurs; Titus, Ch. J., not sitting.