Case Name: JOSEPH P. GALLAGHER, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT, v. MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF IRVINGTON, DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT, AND THOMAS J. McGOTTY, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT, AND CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY, AMICUS CURIAE
Court: New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New Jersey
Decision Date: 1983-07-11
Citations: 190 N.J. Super. 394
Docket Number: 
Parties: JOSEPH P. GALLAGHER, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT, v. MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF IRVINGTON, DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT, AND THOMAS J. McGOTTY, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT, AND CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY, AMICUS CURIAE.
Judges: 
Reporter: New Jersey Superior Court Reports
Volume: 190
Pages: 394–408

Head Matter:
JOSEPH P. GALLAGHER, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT, v. MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF IRVINGTON, DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT, AND THOMAS J. McGOTTY, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT, AND CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, STATE OF NEW JERSEY, AMICUS CURIAE.
Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division
Argued March 8, 1983
Decided July 11, 1983.
Before Judges BOTTER, POLOW and BRODY.
Edward F. Petit-Clair argued the cause for appellant (Petit-Clair & Graves, attorneys; William E. Graves, of counsel and on the brief).
Alan A. Siegel argued the cause for respondent Town of Irvington.
Susan S. Singer argued the cause for respondent Gallagher (Brown, Brown & Furst, attorneys; Susan S. Singer, on the brief).
Mark J. Fleming, Deputy Attorney General, argued the cause for amicus curiae Civil Service Commission (Irwin I. Kimmel-man, Attorney General of New Jersey, attorney; James J. Ganda, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Mark J. Fleming, on the brief).

Opinion:
The majority opinion of the court was delivered by
BRODY, J.A.D.
The Law Division held that N.J.S.A. 40A:14-9.4 ("§ 9.4") disqualified defendant Thomas McGotty for appointment to the office of fire chief in the Town of Irvington because he was a nonresident who scored below plaintiff, a resident who scored highest on the promotion test. The judge vacated McGotty's appointment in a reported opinion. Gallagher v. Irvington, 184 N.J.Super. 225 (Law Div.1982). We hold that § 9.4 creates a preference for a resident over a nonresident in a civil service municipality only when they tie for third place thereby causing the appointment process to be stymied unless the tie is broken. That is not the ease here. We therefore reverse.
The operative statutory language, applicable to civil service municipalities such as Irvington (§ 9.4) and to municipalities without civil service (N.J.S.A. 40A:14-9.6), reads: Section 9.4 literally applies only in case of a tie between a resident and nonresident who achieved "the same final average score." Its essential tie-breaking nature has been noted. Terry v. Mercer Cty. Freeholder Bd., 86 N.J. 141, 150 (1981) ("fire departments are to prefer a resident if two applicants obtain the same score"); In re Leary, 180 N.J.Super. 557, 559 (App.Div. 1981), rev'd on other grounds, 91 N.J. 151 (1982) ("creation of . promotional preference for residents having the identical qualifications as nonresidents"); Smith v. Newark, 128 N.J.Super. 417, 431 (Law Div.1974), rev'd on other grounds, 136 N.J.Super. 107 (App.Div.1975) ("the tie-breaking preference provided for in the challenged legislation is not unreasonable").
In any municipality . promotions to positions on the paid or part-paid fire department and force shall be based upon merit as determined by suitable promotion tests for such positions, provided however that a resident shall be appointed rather than a nonresident thereof in any instance in which the resident and nonresident achieved the same final average score in such test....
The problem arises from the statutory language "a resident shall be appointed rather than a nonresident" when they tie. If that language compels appointment of the tied resident, the statute would only make sense when applied in a municipality that has a system requiring appointment of the highest scorer. However, the statutory system for appointment in municipalities with civil service permits the appointing authority to appoint any one of the top three eligibles as certified by the Civil Service Commission. N.J.S.A. 11:22-16. Thus, if a certified resident and a nonresident tie for first or second place, compelling the appointing authority to appoint the tied resident would eliminate the appointing authority's rule-of-three discretion. It would also bring about an absurd result where there is a tie for second. The appointing authority in such a case would be compelled to appoint the resident who tied for second over the highest scoring candidate who may also be a resident.
An absurd result must be avoided in interpreting a statute. Marranca v. Harbo, 41 N.J. 569, 574 (1964). The trial judge eliminated the possibility of such an absurd application by concluding that § 9.4 is not a tie-breaker. He read the statute as disqualifying any nonresident candidate who does not do better on the test than the highest scoring certified resident. Put another way, he construed § 9.4 "to grant a preference to a [meaning "any"] resident whose test score equals or exceeds that of a nonresident." Gallagher, supra, 184 N.J.Super. at 235.
In interpreting a section of a statute, "primary regard must be given to the fundamental purpose" of the underlying legislation. See N.J. Builders, Owners & Managers Ass'n v. Blair, 60 N.J. 330, 338-339 (1972). Our task is to harmonize the section with the purpose of the whole. Brown v. Brown, 86 N.J. 565, 576-577 (1981). We must also read this section in pari materia with other statutes which deal with the "same matter or subject" and "seek to achieve the same overall legislative purpose." See Mimkon v. Ford, 66 N.J. 426, 433 (1975).
Section 9.4 was part of L. 1972, e. 3, which prohibits any municipality from requiring residency as a condition of initial appointment or promotion in paid and part-paid fire (N.J.S.A. 40A:14-9.1) and police (N.J.S.A. 40A:14-122.1) departments. Abolishing residency requirements was the fundamental purpose of the 1972 act as is apparent from the accompanying legislative statement which reads in part:
This bill changes the residency requirement for policemen and firemen to the State of New Jersey.
. This bill prohibits any municipality from passing an ordinance requiring local residency by members of its police and fire departments. [Statement, Senate No. 452, L. 1972, c. 3.]
However § 9.4 is interpreted, it must be seen as an aberrant vestige of the residency requirement for appointment and therefore contrary to the fundamental purpose of the legislation viewed as a whole. Harmonizing that section with the purpose of the underlying legislation requires that we limit its application to the exceptional case. A return to any broader residency requirement is best left to a clear legislative enactment.
Indeed, such a return has already been accomplished by the adoption of L. 1976, c. 132, N.J.S.A. 40A:14-10.1a, which repealed the abolition of residency requirements to permit favoring residents as a class over nonresidents by the use of separate lists of eligibles. However, this return to favoring residents is confined to initial appointments. The abolition of residency requirements for promotion appointments remains unchanged. The statement accompanying the 1976 act demonstrates that the Legislature was keenly aware of the narrow scope of § 9.4 which it left intact when it expanded the residency preference only for those initially appointed:
Statutory requirements that policemen and firemen reside within the municipalities they serve have been abolished by P.L.1972, c. 3. The new law also forbids municipalities to enforce any such residency requirement by local ordinance or regulation.
In signing the new law, Governor Cahill pointed out that residency would be "encouraged on a voluntary basis." P.L.1972, c. 3 provides that a resident be favored over a nonresident, in appointment or promotion, whenever both the resident and nonresident score identically upon civil service tests (or similar competitive tests in municipalities not operating under civil service).
This bill is intended to establish a more substantial preference for local residents, with respect to initial appointments. It provides that whenever residents of the municipality qualify for appointment to vacant positions (regardless of their exact scores of any competitive examination) they shall be appointed, or offered appointments, before nonresidents. Similarly, residents of the county in which the municipality is located would be appointed or offered appointments before noncounty residents, and State residents before out-of-State qualifiers.... [Statement, Senate No. 714 (L.1976, c. 132), emphasis supplied.]
Section 9.4 must also be read in pari materia with N.J. S.A. 11:22-16 which establishes the rule-of-three. Both statutes are implicated in the legislative objective of ensuring appointment based on merit as determined by competitive examinations while affording the appointing authority some discretion to accommodate other merit criteria. N.J.S.A. 11:22-16 reads in pertinent part:
[T]he [civil service] commission shall certify to the appointing authority the names and addresses of three candidates willing to accept employment standing highest on the register for the class or grade in which the position belongs. The appointing authority shall select one of the three so certified.
N.J.S.A. 11:23-4 directs how the register of eligibles shall be prepared. It reads:
11:23-4. Class register of eligibles prepared
The commissioners shall, from the returns or reports of examiners or from the examinations made by the commission, prepare a register for each grade or class of positions in the classified service of a county, municipality or school district operating under this subtitle, of the persons attaining the minimum mark as may be fixed by the commission for any part of such examination and whose general average standing upon examination for such grade or class is not less than the minimum fixed by the rules of the commission, and who are otherwise eligible. Such persons shall take rank upon the register as candidates in the order of their relative excellence as determined by examination.
The trial judge's expansive interpretation of § 9.4 reduces rule-of-three discretion by disqualifying otherwise certifiable nonresidents who fail to do better on the test than the highest scoring certified resident even though there is no tie.
Applied in a civil service municipality, § 9.4 should be limited to the single instance when a tie produces an impasse in the appointing process, i.e., a tie in the test scores of a resident and a nonresident for third place on the register. Because the rule-of-three necessitates eliminating one of the tied eligibles, § 9.4 operates to eliminate the nonresident. This is the interpretation advocated by the amicus Civil Service Commission.
We realize that this interpretation results in not applying the tie-breaking language of § 9.4 where there happens to be a tie between a resident and a nonresident for first or second place in a civil service municipality. To disqualify a nonresident who ties a resident for first and permit appointment of a nonresident who scores third is as absurd a result as requiring appointment of a resident who ties a nonresident for second over a resident who scores first. Any interpretation of § 9.4 must depart from a literal application to avoid an absurd result. Our interpretation looks beyond the fortuity of a tie to whether there is a necessity for breaking it.
Our dissenting colleague emphasizes that § 9.4 provides "a resident shall be appointed ." and not that a resident shall be certified for appointment. We do not read § 9.4 as literally requiring appointment of a resident. The whole phrase used in § 9.4 is that "a resident shall be appointed rather than a nonresident " (emphasis added) when they are tied. So long as the nonresident who tied is not appointed, the statutory mandate is satisfied. Section 9.4 serves only to disqualify the nonresident who ties; it does not literally compel appointing a resident or disqualifying any other nonresident.
While ties for third place may be rare, they are of sufficient concern to the Commission that it has adopted elaborate criteria for breaking ties to determine which candidate to certify in instances where the Legislature has provided no other method. N.J.A.C. 4:1-9.6, 4:2 9.1, and 4:3 9.1.
The interpretation given § 9.4 by the trial judge results in disqualifying all nonresidents who take the test and do not do better than the highest scoring certified resident. By its footnote 7, the dissent implies that this interpretation would not violate the rule-of-three where there are residents who scored below third. In such instances under its regulations the Commission would replace disqualified nonresidents with the lower scoring residents. An important justification for the rule-of-three is that it provides the appointing authority three candidates whose merit has been established by achieving the highest test scores. Replacing any of them with lower scoring candidates ill-serves the rationale for the rule.
The interpretation of § 9.4 given by the trial judge is contrary to the general purpose of the underlying legislation to abolish residency requirements, it reduces rule-of-three discretion, and it applies an exceptional remedy expressly reserved by the Legislature for the rare case of a tie to the usual case where there is no tie at all. The interpretation we have given § 9.4 suffers from none of these infirmities and seems to us consistent with overall legislative intent. That intent is not to favor residents when considering merit, but to favor residents only when merit considerations are equal.
Reversed.
The quoted language is taken from § 9.4. N.J.S.A. 40A: 14-9.6 is identical except for two slight variations in sentence structure that do not affect meaning.