Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Adan Valdivia-De ARCOS, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-06-26
Citations: 187 F. App'x 382
Docket Number: No. 05-41245
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Adan Valdivia-De ARCOS, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before KING, WIENER, and DeMOSS, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 187
Pages: 382–383

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Adan Valdivia-De ARCOS, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 05-41245.
Summary Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
Decided June 26, 2006.
James Lee Turner, Assistant U.S. Attorney, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Houston, TX, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Marjorie A. Meyers, Federal Public Defender, Federal Public Defender’s Office, Southern District of Texas, Houston, TX, for Defendant-Appellant.
Before KING, WIENER, and DeMOSS, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM:
Defendant-Appellant Adan Valdivia-De Arcos (Valdivia) challenges his conviction and sentence under 8 U.S.C. § 1326 for being present in the United States illegally after having been deported following conviction for an aggravated felony. He first asserts that the district court erred by finding that his prior Texas conviction for assault of a family member was a crime of violence under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(l)(A)(ii). Section 22.01(a)(1) of the Texas Penal code criminalizes "intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing] bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse." As the statute provides several disjunctive elements, we look to the indictment to determine which of them Valdivia was convicted of having committed. United States v. Calderon-Pena, 383 F.3d 254, 258 (5th Cir.)(en banc). The indictment charged him with knowingly and intentionally causing bodily injury to the victim, so his Texas assault offense was a crime of violence for purposes of § 2L1.2(b)(l)(A)(ii). See § 2L1.2, comment. (n.l(B)(iii)); United States v. Vargas-Duran, 356 F.3d 598, 600-02, 605-06 (5th Cir.2004)(en banc); Calderon-Pena, 383 F.3d 254 at 258.
Valdivia next contends that Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), was incorrectly decided and that a majority of the Supreme Court would overrule it in light of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). We have repeatedly rejected such arguments because Almendarez-Torres remains binding. See United States v. Garza-Lopez, 410 F.3d 268, 276 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 126 S.Ct. 298, 163 L.Ed.2d 260 (2005). Valdivia properly concedes that his argument is foreclosed in light of AlmendarezTorres and circuit precedent, but he raises it here to preserve it for further review.
The judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.
Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.