Case Name: In the Matter of the Application of Frederick D. Light and Others for a Writ of Certiorari; Frederick D. Light and Others, Appellants; Charles R. Skinner, as Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York, and Others, Respondents
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1898
Citations: 30 A.D. 50
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of the Application of Frederick D. Light and Others for a Writ of Certiorari. Frederick D. Light and Others, Appellants; Charles R. Skinner, as Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York, and Others, Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 30
Pages: 50–55

Head Matter:
In the Matter of the Application of Frederick D. Light and Others for a Writ of Certiorari. Frederick D. Light and Others, Appellants; Charles R. Skinner, as Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New York, and Others, Respondents.
The removal by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of a member of the hom'd of education of a union free school district-?-it is renewable upon certioran't — the decision of the Special Term upon the application f or the writ is not final.
The action of'the State Superintendent of Public Instruction in removing a member of the board of education of a union free school district, constituted by chapter 34 of the Laws of 1858, and the acts amendatory thereof, is not made final by section 1 of title 14 of the Consolidated School Law (Chap. 556, Laws of 1894), and may be reviewed by a writ of certiorari.
The fact that the application for such writ may be made either to the Special Term or the Appellate Division does not affect the right of the latter court to review the decision of the. Special Term where the application is first made to it.
Appeal by the petitioners, Frederick D. Light and others, from • an order of the Supreme Court, made at the Albany Special Term and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Albany on the 2d day of February, 1898, denying their application for a writ of certiorari to review the action of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction in removing them from office as members of the board of education of the town of Dunkirk, in the county of Chautauqua.
John G. Milburn, for the appellants.
Lester F. Stearns, for the respondents.

Opinion:
Merwin, J.:
The appellants are five of the eight members of the board of education of Dunkirk union free school district as constituted by chapter 34 of the Laws of 1858, and the acts amendatory thereof. The district includes within its boundaries the city of Dunkirk.
In August, 1897, Julien T. Williams, who was then president of the board of education, applied, by petition and affidavit, to the Superintendent of Public Instruction for the removal of the appellants from their said office. The grounds for removal, as stated in the petition, are: " First. Willful violation and neglect of duty as members of said Board of Education, as provided by Chapter 34 of the Laws of 1858, and Chapter 556 of the Laws of 1894, in holding illegal meetings of said Board of Education, assuming to transact business thereat, and attempting to carry into effect the motions and resolutions of said illegal meeting.
" Second. For disregarding and refusing to obey an injunction or restraining order from the Superintendent of Public Instruction."
The petition and affidavit and notice of intended application to the superintendent were served on the appellants and they submitted to the superintendent their answer thereto. Thereupon upon the said' papers the superintendent proceeded to determine the matter, and on the 4th day of September, 1897, made a decision or order wherein he decided that the second ground for removal ivas not well taken, but that the first ground was, and accordingly he. found and decided that upon the facts presented it had been proved to his satisfaction that each of the five persons complained of had, as members of the board of education in the town of Dunkirk, been guilty of a willful violation of duty, and he ordered their removal.
The meeting referred to in the first ground of removal was held on the evening of June 19, 1897. The regular monthly meeting of the board was held at its office on the fourteenth of June, and then adjourned to the sixteenth of June, and then adjourned to the nineteenth of June at seven-thirty p. m. At that hour two members of the board, Mr. Williams, the president, and another, were present at the office. They waited seven minutes, and no other mémber then being present, they adjourned the meeting'. As they left the building they found at the entrance the other members of the board, and informed them bf the adjournment. The reply was made, as the appellants claim, that all the members were present and that the adjourned meeting would be held, and in substance that the adjournment by the two was irregular. Thereupon the five proceeded to the office and held, in good faith as they claim, the meet ing complained of. They claim that the adjournment at seven-thirty-seven was contrary to the custom of the board and was not in good faith ; that the president of the board knew at the time that a quorum was on the premises, and that he caused the adjournment to be made for improper purposes.
The hearing at the Special Term on the motion for the writ was upon notice to the State Superintendent and to the complainant, Mr. Williams. It was claimed by the appellants in their petition for the writ that the superintendent had no jurisdiction to remove them, and that no ground was established by the proof before the superinténdent authorizing their removal The order of the Special Term does not state the grounds upon which the writ was refused. From the opinion which was delivered at the Special Term and' which is referred to in the order as being filed with all the papers read thereon (Tolman v. Syracuse, Binghamton & N. Y. R. R. Co., 92 .N. Y. 353), it appears that it was held that the superintendent had jurisdiction to make the order of removal, and that his decision therein was final under the provisions of title 14 of the Consolidated School Law (Chap. 556, Laws of 1894), and that, therefore, the application for the writ was denied.
It is urged by the respondents that the Special Term in denying-the application for a writ exercised its discretion, and that, therefore, . the order is not revlewable. In Livermore v. Bainbridge (56 N. Y. 72) it was held that the General Term of the Supreme Court had jurisdiction to review orders made by the Special Term in respect to matters resting in the discretion of the court which involve' substantial rights. That rule is a¡:>plicab!e to this eas.e.
It is further urged by the respondents that as the appellants had the right' in the first instance (Code, § 2127) to make their application for the writ either to the Special Term or the Appellate Division, and elected to apply to the Special Term, the Appellate Division should not review its determination. Applications for the writ are often if hot usually formal. FTotice may be dispensed with (Code, § 212-8), and where notice is given, proofs upon the merits may be presented in opposition. If the Special Term, as in the present instance, considers the case upon the legal questions involved, and reaches a conclusion adverse to the application, no good reason is apparent why the appellants should be deemed to have waived the right to' appeal in manner and form as given to them by the statute. (Code, § 1357.) This case is clearly distinguishable from the case of Boechat v. Brown (9 App. Div. 369), cited by the counsel for the' respondent. That was the case of an appeal from an inferior court. The party had the right to appeal either to the Sjiecial Term of the Supreme Court, or to the General Term. He elected to appeal to the Special Term, and it was held that his right of appeal was exhausted. In the present case the party is seeking an opportunity to have an appeal through the operation of a writ of certiorari.
Coming to the merits of the application for the writ, it is apparent that the case is an important one to the appellants. Their right to an honorable and responsible office is involved, which as to three of them did not expire until in or after the year 1900. The jurisdiction of the superintendent is also challenged upon the ground that he has no power to remove the members of the board of education of a union free school district created by special act where no such power is given by the act itself.
It would seem that the case was of sufficient importance to allow the appellants the right of review. The potver of the court on the return to the writ is well defined. (Code, § 2140 ; People ex rel. Hart v. Board Fire Comrs., 82 N. Y. 360.)
But it is said that the decision of the superintendent was made final by the statute, and, therefore, is not upon the merits reviewable by certiorari. This proposition is based entirely on the provision of subdivision 7 of section 1 of title 14 of the Consolidated School Law. "
Title 14 relates to "appeals to the Superintendent of Public Instruction."
Section 1 is as follows :
" Sbctioit 1. Any person conceiving himself aggrieved in- consequence of any decision made:
" 1. By any school district meeting-;
" 2. By any school commissioner or school commissioners and other officers, in forming or altering, or refusing to form or alter, any school district, or in refusing to apportion any school moneys to any such district or part of a district; .
" 3. By a supervisor in refusing to pay any such moneys to any such district;
" 4. By the trustees of any district in paying or refusing to pay. any teacher, or in refusing to admit any scholar gratuitously into any school;
" 5. By any trustees of any school library concerning such library, or the books therein, or the use of such books;
" 6. By any district meeting in relation to the library;
" L By any other official act or decision concerning any other matter under this act, or any other act pertaining to common schools, may appeal to the superintendent of public instruction,, who is hereby authorized and required to examine and decide the same; - and his decision shall be final and conclusive, and not subject to question or review in any place or court whatever."
By section 2 of the same title power is given to the superintendent to regulate the practice upon such appeals, and by subdivision 4, " to make all orders, by directing the levying of taxes or otherwise, which may-, in his judgment, be proper or necessary to give effect to his decision."
The argument seems to be that the application for the removal of the appellants was an appeal within the authority and scope of subdivision L of section 1, and, therefore, the decision of the superintendent thereon final.
Any person conceiving himself aggrieved by any " official act or decision." was authorized to appeal, and the superintendent w;as. required to examine and decide the same. The subject of the appeal was the "act-or decision." The right or power of removal,-as exercised in this case, was not given or -considered in"that title. On the , contrary, the subject of removal was specially considered in other portions of the School Law.
By section 13 of title 1, which relates to the general powers and duties of the State Superintendent, it is provided as' follows:
" Whenever it shall be proved to his satisfaction that any school commissioner' or other school officer has been guilty of any willful violation or neglect of duty under this act, or any other act pertaining to common schools, or willfully disobeying any decision, order or regulation of the superintendent, the superintendent may, by an order under his hand and seal, which order shall be recorded in his office, remove such school commissioner or other school officer from his office."
This section was referred to in the decision of the superintendent, and it may be inferred that, in the exercise of the power therein given, the removal was made. By section 29 of title 8, which relates to union free schools, power is given to the State Superintendent to remove any member of a board of education for willful violation of duty. It is, hovrever, claimed that the power under that provision does not extend to cases like the . present Under a special act.
We are referred to no provision of the law that makes the order of the superintendent final upon applications for removal like the present. Such an application is an original one and not in the nature of an appeal. It was not provided for by title 14, and was not, we think, affected by the provision as to finality in that title.
It follows that the action of the superintendent in removing the appellants was not made final, and in that respect there is no obstacle to the granting of the writ..
We think the appellants should have an opportunity to review the order of the superintendent, and that the application for the writ should have been granted.
All concurred.
Order reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion for writ granted, with ten dollars costs.