Case Name: DODGE against NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON STEAMSHIP COMPANY
Court: New York Superior Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1869-05
Citations: 6 Abb. Pr. 451
Docket Number: 
Parties: DODGE against NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
Judges: 
Reporter: Abbott's Practice Reports
Volume: 6
Pages: 451–457

Head Matter:
DODGE against NEW YORK AND WASHINGTON STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
New York Superior Court ; General Term,
May, 1869.
Motion foe New Teial.—Newly Discovered Evidence.
Evidence discovered by and within reach of a party, after the close of the evidence, but before the completion of the trial and the submission of the case to the jury, is not newly discovered evidence, on account of which a new trial will be granted at special term.
In such case the party must proceed by motion before the final determination of the trial, for permission to introduce such evidence; and if the justice presiding at the trial, upon the objection of the other side, refuses to give such permission, the question whether such refusal constitutes error, for which a new trial will be granted, is to be tested by the same rules which it would be necessary to apply in the decision of a motion for a new trial upon the ground of the discovery of the same evidence since the trial, if such was the fact.
Appeals from judgment on a verdict, and from an order denying the defendants’ motion for a new trial on the judge’s minutes, and from an order at special term, denying defendants’ motion for a new trial, on the grounds of surprise and newly discovered evidence.
This action was brought by Robert P. Dodge and George F. McClellan, assignees, &c., respondents, against The New York and Washington Steamship Company, appellants.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Emerson & Goodrich, for the plaintiffs, respondents.
Storrs & Sedgwick, for the defendants, appellants.

Opinion:
By the Court. Freedman, J.
The motion made at special term by the defendants for a new trial, on the ground of surprise and newly discovered evidence, was properly denied. The fact that the witness Rhinehart testified at the close of the trial, that to his recollection no such conversation had taken place as had been testified to by Thomas Clyde, the president of the defendants' company, cannot have operated as a surprise upon the defendants. Hor can the evidence, which the defendants claim to have discovered, be considered as such newly discovered evidence, on account of which a new trial is sometimes granted. Such evidence must not only be material, but must have been discovered since the trial. In the present case the evidence referred to, if discovered at all, was discovered before the trial had been completed, and the case submitted to the jury; and if any error has been committed in excluding the evidence, it was committed during the trial.
The order of the special term should therefore be affirmed, with ten dollars costs.
I have also carefully examined the grounds of appeal from the judgment, which are relied upon by the defendants, and am of opinion that no error was committed on the trial which entitles the defendants to a new trial. The action is brought by the assignees of Morgan & Rhinehart to recover a commission of five per cent, on the earnings of the steamer " Salvor," from April 6, 1864, to June 15, 1865, claimed by Morgan & Rhinehart as a compensation for their services in effecting, as ship-brokers and commission merchants, and acting as agents of the defendants in that behalf, a charter of the said steamer to the United States government. The questions addressed to Thomas Clyde, the president of defendants' company, whether Morgan & Rhinehart were paid five per cent, commission for procuring charters of other vessels in which he was interested, were asked on the cross-examination of Mr. Clyde, one of the principal witnesses of the defendants, and it was a matter of discretion with the justice presiding at the trial to allow them or not. Error does not lie for the exercise of that discretion.
The evidence offered by the defendants to prove that there was a third partner in business in the firm of Morgan & Rhinehart, as agents of the company, was rightfully excluded. No such issue had been raised by the pleadings. On the contrary, the answer of the defendants to the plaintiffs' amended complaint contained an t express admission that "Thomas P. Morgan and George Rhinehart, in the years 1864 and 1865, were doing business in Washington, D. C., under the firm name of Morgan & Rhinehart, and were the defendants' agents in said city."
The second count of the answer contains an admission to precisely the same effect. Under the pleadings, as made by themselves, the defendants cannot be permitted to litigate the question of a defect of parties in the composition of that firm, as alleged.
Another point insisted upon by the appellants is, that the court below erred in refusing to permit the witness, Carlos P. Houghton, to be recalled, for the purpose of proving certain admissions claimed to have been made to him by the witness Rhinehart concerning a certain conversation, which the defendants insist had taken place between said Rhinehart and the president of defendants' company.
The evidence had been closed on the day preceding. Thomas Clyde, the president referred to, had testified that on or about March 2, 1864, he had a conversation with Rhinehart, in which he informed the latter that the company would not pay any further commissions on charters of vessels out of the line for government service, and that Rhinehart expressed his willingness to accede to it. At the close of the testimony, Rhinehart, being called on behalf of the plaintiff, swore that no such conversation took place, to his recollection. Both parties thereupon rested ; the case was closed, and an adjournment had until the next day. Before leaving the courtroom, however, Carlos P. Houghton, who had been examined as a witness for the defendants, informed defendants' counsel, and the president of the company, that lie could prove that in the "beginning of March, 1865 (he probably meant 1864), and immediately after the conversation between said Rhinehart ánd Clyde before referred to, Rhinehart stated to him in the office of said Morgan & Rhinehart, at Georgetown, that it was agreed that Morgan & Rhinehart were to have a salary as agents of the steamship company, instead of a commission. The next morning, at the opening of the court, the defendants' counsel made a motion to be permitted to recall the witness Houghton, for the purpose of giving this new piece of evidence, claimed to have been discovered since the preceding day, and of the existence of which the defendants claimed to have been ignorant.
The court, on plaintiffs' objection, refused to give such permission, and proceeded to charge the jury. The question whether such refusal constitutes error, for which a new trial will be granted, should be tested by the same rules which would have to be applied to the decision of a motion for a new trial upon the ground of the discovery of this evidence after the final determination of the trial, if such had been the case.
The evidence is undisputed that the Salvor's charter was effected by Morgan & Rhinehart, on April 6, 1864, and that the defendants received the charter money from that day. There is sufficient evidence to show that up to May 28, 1864, the defendants paid to Morgan & Rhinehart five per cent, commission on all charters of vessels, in or outside of their regular line, and also upon a vessel chartered to the government by Morgan & Rhinehart, on the day preceding the charter of the steamer Salvor. The president of the defendant's company, Thomas Clyde, testified, on his direct examination, . that he had the conversation referred to with Rhinehart on or about March 2; but, on his cross-examination, it turned out that on that day a, meeting of stockholders took place in Hew York, where there was some conversation about dismissing Morgan & Rhinehart; that the said president asked the directors of the company to withhold action until he could get an answer from Mor gan & Rhinehart, and that about a week afterwards he went on to tell them, of what he calls the " determination of the company" to tell them " that they were going to be dismissed unless there was a change in the pro-gramme," and to induce them, if possible, to accept a salary of $3,000 in lieu of future commissions. It appears, however, sufficiently, upon the whole evidence, that no definite mutual understanding was arrived at for some time. On April 27, following, the company passed a resolution declining to pay any more commissions, and the matter finally resulted in a new agreement between the company and Morgan & Rhinehart, whereby the former allowed to the latter $3,000 in lieu of future commissions, and bought from them their lease of the wharf, their sheds, engine and other wharf improvements, for the price of $4,446.90. This agreement, according to the testimony of the same president, and the testimony of the secretary of the company, went into effect on July 1, 1864, and from that day the company paid all expenses of clerk-hire, &c., &c., which had previously been paid by M. & R.
"Up to that time, however, with the exception of an isolated transaction (steamer Rebecca Clyde, May 28), in respect to which the parties agreed specially that no commission should be charged, and which, as Morgan swears, was the first intimation his firm had that the company had actually declined to pay further commissions, ' the parties must be assumed to have stood upon their old and reserved rights, especially as all the witnesses of the defendants have negatived the idea that still another mode of compensation was ever agreed upon for the period of time intervening between March 2, and July 1, 1864; and because, as I have before stated, the fact stands out in bold relief that Morgan & Rhinehart effected on April 5, 1864, the day preceding the charter of the Salvor, a charter for the steamer Baltimore for the defendants to the government; and, at the completion of the charter-party, to wit, May 28, 1864, were allowed by the defendants a commission of five per cent. The charter-party of the Salvor did not end until June 15, 1865, and Morgan & Rhinehart, before the expiration of that time, were neither bound nor in a position to claim their commission on her account.
Therefore, considering the question in the light most favorable to the defendants—considering Rhinehart as something more than an ordinary witness, as a party whose declarations and admissions are evidence against the assignees of his firm, assuming the defendants' motion for permission to recall the witness Houghton, to have been made in perfect good faith, I cannot perceive how his additional statement could become material. The oiler was, merely to prove by him that some time in March, 1865 (probably 1864), Rhinehart stated to the witness "that it was agreed that Morgan & Rhinehart were to have a salary as agents of the steamship company, instead of a commissionbut the proof thus offered fell short in not showing when this new agreement was to take effect, whether it was intended to apply to all charters, or only to the charters of vessels in the regular line, or to what charters in particular, and how it was to affect charters procured before the day upon which it was to go into effect, &c., &c.
I therefore do not think that, in consequence of the exclusion of this proposed additional evidence, the defendants were in any wise injured. It was a matter resting in the sound discretion of the justice presiding at the trial, and would afford no ground for granting a new trial as a matter of right on application at special term after verdict, even if the said evidence had been discovered since the trial.
Moreover, it appears that the defendants on the trial had previously rested three times before making that motion, that the same witness had been examined at great length upon other very important points, and the affidavit of Thomas Clyde, the president, used on the motion for a new trial at the special term, further discloses that, prior to being reminded by Houghton, he was aware of the nature of the testimony said Houghton was willing to give upon this point, but that the circumstance had escaped Ms recollection.
Under these circumstances, the exercise of the discretion of the justice presiding at the trial, in excluding this proposed additional testimony, should not be interfered with on appeal.
The remaining points relied on by the defendants'1 being equally untenable, the judgment appealed from, and the order denying the defendants' motion for a new trial on the judge's minutes, should be affirmed with costs.
Barbour, Cu. J., and Fithiar, J., concurred.