Case Name: In re TRONOX, INC. SECURITIES LITIGATION
Court: United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2009-10-13
Citations: 262 F.R.D. 338
Docket Number: Nos. 09 Civ. 6220(SAS), 09 Civ. 6490(SAS), 09 Civ. 7116(SAS)
Parties: In re TRONOX, INC. SECURITIES LITIGATION.
Judges: 
Reporter: Federal Rules Decisions
Volume: 262
Pages: 338–348

Head Matter:
In re TRONOX, INC. SECURITIES LITIGATION.
Nos. 09 Civ. 6220(SAS), 09 Civ. 6490(SAS), 09 Civ. 7116(SAS).
United States District Court, S.D. New York.
Oct. 13, 2009.
Solomon B. Cera, Esq., Thomas C. Bright, Esq., Gold Bennett Cera & Sidener LLP, San Francisco, CA, Christopher Lometti, Esq., Daniel B. Rehns, Esq., Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC, New York, NY, Steven J. Toll, Esq., Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC, Washington, D.C., for Movant La-Grange.
Samuel H. Rudman, Esq., David A. Rosen-feld, Esq., Mario Alba, Jr., Esq., Jarrett S. Charo, Esq., Coughlin Stoia Geller Rudman & Robbins LLP, Melville, NY, Darren J. Robbins, Esq., Brian O. O’Mara, Esq., Coughlin Stoia Geller Rudman & Robbins LLP, San Diego, CA, for Movant Alaska.
Gerald H. Silk, Esq., Noam Mandel, Esq., Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP, New York, NY, for Movant Fire and Police Pension Funds.
Gregory M. Nespole, Esq., Wolf Halden-stein Adler Freeman & Herz LLP, New York, NY, for Movant Shi.
Jay B. Kasner, Esq., Susan L. Saltzstein, Esq., Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, NY, for Defendant Kerr-McGee Corporation.
Gandolfo V. DiBlasi, Esq., Jessica M. Klein, Esq., Penny Shane, Esq., Sullivan and Cromwell, LLP, New York, NY, for Defendants Luke R. Corbett, Gregory Pilcher, Robert M. Wohleber, J. Michael Rauh.
David H. Kistenbroker, Esq., Joni S. Ja-cobsen, Esq., Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, Chicago, IL, Matthew D. Parrott, Esq., Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, New York, NY, for Defendants Thomas W. Adams, Mary Mikkelson, Marty J. Rowland.

Opinion:
OPINION AND ORDER
SHIRA A. SCHEINDLIN, District Judge.
I. INTRODUCTION
In this federal securities class action suit brought on behalf of all purchasers of Tronox Incorporated ("Tronox"), three movants seek the consolidation of all related actions, to be appointed lead plaintiff, and to approve their respective selections of counsel. For the reasons discussed below, the related actions are consolidated, LaGrange Capital Partners, LP and LaGrange Capital Partners Offshore Fund, Ltd. (together, "LaGrange") are appointed lead plaintiff, and their selection of the law firm of Gold Bennett Cera & Sidener LLP ("Gold Bennett") as lead counsel and Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll PLLC ("Cohen Milstein") as liaison counsel for the Class is approved.
II. BACKGROUND
A. Facts
Tronox is a corporation engaged in producing and marketing titanium dioxide — a white pigment used in a wide range of products to impart whiteness, brightness and opacity. Tronox was spun-off from Kerr-McGee Corporation ("Kerr-McGee") in a two-step transaction. On November 28, 2005, Kerr-McGee sold 17.5 million shares of Tronox Class A common stock in an initial public offering for fourteen dollars per share (the "IPO") generating proceeds for Kerr-McGee of more than $225 million. After the IPO, Kerr-McGee continued to hold 56.7 percent of Tronox's outstanding common stock. On March 31, 2006, Kerr-McGee distributed the remainder of the shares as Class B common stock to its shareholders as a dividend. Unbeknownst to investors, Kerr-McGee discarded substantial liabilities onto Tronox. On January 12, 2009, Tronox declared bankruptcy due to its inability to cover these liabilities.
From the period of November 28, 2005 through January 12, 2009 (the "Class Period"), Tronox is alleged to have issued materially false and misleading public statements regarding the extent of Tro-nox's environmental and tort liabilities and the sufficiency of its reserves for those liabilities. Beginning with the Registration Statement issued in connection with the IPO, Tronox represented, among other things, that it "'reserved adequately for the reasonably estimable costs of known environmental contingencies' " and tort liabilities. For approximately the next two years, Tronox made similar statements regarding Tronox's environmental and tort liabilities in investor presentations, press releases, and financial reports. None of these public statements disclosed that Tronox's reserves for environmental liabilities were inadequate and failed to include reserves for identified, but undisclosed, sites requiring massive environmental remediation. Tronox also did not disclose that its financial statements and the methodology used to calculate its environmental liabilities reserve were not prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Tronox similarly withheld that it faced extraordinary exposure regarding its environmental and tort liabilities, particularly for environmental contamination at certain wood treatment sites.
On July 11, 2007, Tronox issued a press release that it had identified factors that would impact its second quarter 2007 earnings, which were to be announced on August I, 2007. One of these factors was the expected recording of " 'a pretax noncash environmental provision, net of expected insurance reimbursements, of approximately $2 million in the second quarter for costs associ ated with an ongoing environmental assessment at its Henderson, Nev. site.'" In response to this announcement, Tronox stock price dropped 4.3 percent. As Tronox's stock price continued to fall as August 1, 2007 approached, Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S & P") announced that it had placed Tronox's corporate credit rating on CreditWatch, explaining that "Tronox's recent announcement of a higher-than-expected environmental provision of $2 million . reflect[s] the challenges Tronox faces in its efforts to improve credit quality over the intermediate term' " and that S & P " 'believe[ ]d that additional reserves are likely to meet future environmental requirements.' " Upon the release of its second quarter losses on August 1, 2007, Tronox noted that the losses were caused, in part, by the costs associated with the environmental assessment at the Henderson, Nevada site. After this release, Tronox's stock dropped again, resulting in an 18.1 percent drop from Tro-nox's stock price as of July 10, 2007.
After August 1, 2007, Tronox continued to announce earnings losses related to environmental charges, causing further reductions in Tronox's stock price. On February 13, 2008, Tronox announced during its fourth quarter of 2007 earnings call that its anticipated annual expenditure on environmental remediation would rise from the thirty-three million dollars to between forty and forty-five million dollars. Tronox's share price dropped more than twenty-one percent in response. On July 30, 2008, in its earnings call for the second quarter of 2008, Tronox announced that its environmental expenses were continuing to mount. A J.P. Morgan analyst noted after the call that Tronox's losses for the second quarter of 2008 included $4.5 million in losses from discontinued operations, " 'which are probably related to increased environmental provisions.' " Tronox's share price dropped another 10.5 percent as a result. S & P then lowered its rating on Tronox on September 17, 2008, resulting in a 17.1 percent drop in Tronox's share price and on September 30, 2008, Tro-nox was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange, but continued to trade over the counter. Finally, the "true extent of Tro-nox's environmental liabilities" came to light when it filed a bankruptcy petition in the Southern District of New York on January 12, 2009. In the petition and accompanying declarations, Tronox revealed that since at least March 2006, Tronox had spent more than $118 million to satisfy certain residual liabilities and continues to face "hundreds of millions of dollars worth of additional claims." The bankruptcy petition also revealed to the public for the first time the hundreds of "secret sites" that Kerr-McGee had known about long before the IPO, but did not disclose to investors.
The first complaint in this action — styled Alaska Electrical Pension Fund v. Kerr- McGee, et al, — was filed in the Southern District of New York on July 10, 2009, asserting claims on behalf of all purchasers of Tronox Class A and Class B common stock during the Class Period. A public notice of the pendency of that action was published the same day. Two subsequent complaints were filed on July 21, 2009 and August 12, 2009, respectively, asserting claims on behalf of all purchasers of Tronox shares during the Class Period, and a public notice was published shortly thereafter.
B. Procedure
In response to the July 11, 2009 notice, three plaintiffs moved for appointment as lead plaintiff. LaGrange, which purchased a total of 2,143,952 Class A and B Tronox common shares during the Class Period, suffered a loss of $7,640,434.56 on a last-in-first-out basis ("LIFO"). Alaska, which purchased over 51,000 shares of Tronox stock, lost approximately one million dollars, depending on the method of calculation. The Fire and Police Pension Funds, which purchased approximately 945,000 units of Tro-nox 9 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2012 ("Notes") during the Class Period, suffered approximately $514,797.96 in collective losses, whether calculated on a LIFO or a first-in-first-out basis. The movants do not dispute consolidation, the Class Period, or that La-Grange possesses the largest financial interest among all movants.
III. LEGAL STANDARD
In determining whom to appoint as lead plaintiff, the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act ("PSLRA") sets forth a required procedure. The lead plaintiff should be the plaintiff "most capable of adequately representing the interests of class members." The PSLRA requires that the "most adequate plaintiff' be determined by a two-step competitive process.
The first step establishes as presumptive lead plaintiff the "person or group of persons" who meet(s) the following three criteria; (1) the candidate must have "filed the complaint or made a motion in response to a notice;" (2) the candidate must have "the largest financial interest in the relief sought by the class," and (3) the candidate must "otherwise satisffy] the requirements of Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure."
"At the lead plaintiff stage of the litigation, in contrast to the class certification stage, a lead plaintiff movant need only make a 'preliminary showing that it satisfies the typicality and adequacy requirements of [Rule 23].' " "Typicality 'requires that the claims of the class representatives be typical of those of the class, and is satisfied when each class member's claim arises from the same course of events, and each class member makes similar legal arguments to prove the defendant's liability.' " "The adequacy requirement is satisfied where the proposed Lead Plaintiff does not have interests that are antagonistic to the class that he seeks to represent and has retained counsel that is capable and qualified to vigorously represent the interests of the class____"
Once the presumptive lead plaintiff has been designated, the court conducts a second inquiry in which members of the class have the opportunity to rebut the chosen lead plaintiffs presumptive status. In order to rebut the designation, class members must prove either that the presumptive lead plaintiff "will not fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class" or "is subject to unique defenses that render such plaintiff incapable of adequately representing the class." If the presumptive lead plaintiff is disqualified on these grounds, the candidate's position is forfeited and the court returns to the first phase to determine a new presumptive lead plaintiff. The process repeats itself until a candidate succeeds in both the first and second phases of inquiry. The lead plaintiff determination does not depend on the court's judgment of which party would be the best lead plaintiff for the class, but rather which candidate fulfills the requirements of the PSLRA.
IV. DISCUSSION
A. Consolidation
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 42(a) grants the Court discretion to consolidate "actions involving a common question of law or fact." The Alaska, Shi, and Barnes actions all bring federal securities claims against identical groups of defendants relating to Tronox's alleged false and misleading statements. These actions also present common questions of fact based on a continuing course of conduct from November 28, 2005 through January 12, 2009. Accordingly, litigation of these actions will require resolution of common questions of law and of fact, making consolidation appropriate.
B. Lead Plaintiff
The movants do not dispute that LaGrange properly moved for lead plaintiff appointment in response to the Class notice and possesses the largest financial interest in the litigation. LaGrange also otherwise meets the requirements of Rule 23. La-Grange purchased shares of Tronox during the Class Period and claims that it suffered damage as a result of Tronox's artificially inflated stock price caused by defendants' false and misleading statements and omissions. Therefore, LaGrange is typical of the class. LaGrange also satisfies the adequacy requirement because LaGrange seeks identical relief on identical claims based on identical legal theories making their interests not antagonistic with other class members. LaGrange has also submitted a Certification affirming its understanding of the duties owed to class members through its commitment to oversee the prosecution of this class action. Finally, LaGrange retained Gold Bennett as lead counsel and Cohen Milstein as liaison counsel to represent the Class. Both are highly competent plaintiffs' firms with substantial securities class action experience. As a result, LaGrange satisfies the adequacy requirement for lead plaintiff appointment, and is, therefore, the presumptive most adequate plaintiff.
Having identified LaGrange as the presumptive most adequate plaintiff, the other movants have the opportunity to rebut this presumption. Only Alaska attempts to do so. Alaska first argues that LaGrange's trading pattern, which included making its initial stock purchase after Tronox made its first partial disclosure, would subject La-Grange to unique defenses. LaGrange first purchased Tronox shares on September 12, 2007, more than one month after Tronox's August 1, 2007 announced earnings losses related to environmental charges. La-Grange continued to purchase Tronox shares through the remainder of the Class Period and, in some instances, bought large amounts of shares within days of a negative announcement or ratings downgrade. According to Alaska, LaGrange's late initial purchase and continued purchase of Tronox stock after partial corrective disclosures subjects La-Grange to unique defenses involving reliance and causation rendering LaGrange atypical and inadequate as lead plaintiff.
The cases cited by Alaska in support of its argument are unavailing due to the strength and extent of correction in the partial disclosures in those eases. By comparison, the Tronox partial disclosures that Alaska emphasizes prior to LaGrange's purchases were merely partial corrective disclosures. They neither make mention of fraud or government investigations; nor do they sufficiently correct Tronox's prior false and misleading statements or make LaGrange, or any other class member, actually aware of the fraud. As even Alaska's own Complaint recognizes, it was only once Tronox filed for bankruptcy in January 2009 that "[t]he true extent of Tronox's environmental liabilities finally came to light." Without more, LaGrange's purchase of these shares after the partial disclosures does not render LaGrange atypical or subject it to unique defenses.
Alaska also argues that LaGrange should not be appointed lead plaintiff because LaGrange lacks Article III standing. For support, Alaska cites W.R. Huff Asset Management Co., LLC v. Deloitte & Touche, LLP In W.R. Huff, a plaintiff brought an action as " 'the investment advisor and attorney-in-fact on behalf of certain purchasers' " and "explicitly disclaim[ed] that it suffered an injury individually that is separate from its agency function." The Second Circuit held that the investment advisor did not have Article III standing because it could not establish injury-in-fact. Alaska argues that, based on a "google search" of the term "la-grange capital partners [sic]," LaGrange is an "asset manager that 'manage[es] private investment funds exclusively for qualified investors' " and asks this Court to therefore infer that LaGrange is an investment advisor lacking standing under W.R. Huff. As set forth in the PSLRA, it is Alaska's burden to submit proof that LaGrange is an atypical investor — google search results are insufficient. Alaska also submits in support of its opposition a Securities and Exchange Commission filing which states that LaGrange "directly beneficially owns" Tronox stock — establishing that LaGrange was a direct investor in Tronox and can sufficiently establish injury-in-fact.
Alaska's contention that LaGrange should not be appointed because it allegedly "lies at the center of a group of shadowy entities whose operations, existence and investment activities are hidden from public view and this Court's review" is similarly unfounded. Alaska's allegations lack foundation or explanation. Alaska also notes that one of the two LaGrange entities is a non-U.S. entity, presumably to imply that its status as a foreign entity renders it incapable of representing the class. Yet, courts routinely appoint hedge funds, foreign investors, and even foreign hedge funds, as lead plaintiffs. As a result, Alaska has not rebutted the presumption that LaGrange is the most adequate plaintiff.
Alaska also seeks, in the event that this Court considered appointing LaGrange lead plaintiff, limited discovery to ascertain the adequacy of LaGrange in light of Alaska's claims regarding LaGrange's trading patterns and corporate structure. Alaska specifically seeks to depose Frank LaGrange Johnson to address these questions. The PSLRA provides for discovery in connection with the appointment of lead plaintiff and counsel in limited circumstances, requiring "the plaintiff first demonstrate[ ]a reasonable basis for a finding that the presumptively most adequate plaintiff is incapable of adequately representing the class." However, Alaska has not presented sufficient evidence to give rise to a reasonable basis on which to authorize discovery of LaGrange and the cases on which Alaska relies — including two slip opinions not electronically available — are inapposite. Moreover, such discovery will only cause .unnecessary delay and expense, likely to provide results that are neither helpful nor likely to change the outcome. As a result, Alaska's request to conduct limited discovery is denied and LaGrange's motion for appointment as lead plaintiff is granted.
C. Appointment of Lead Counsel
The PSLRA provides that "[t]he most adequate plaintiff shall, subject to the approval of the court, select and retain counsel to represent the class." 15 U.S.C. § 77z-l(a)(3)(B)(v). LaGrange has selected the law firm of Gold Bennett as lead counsel and Cohen Milstein as liaison counsel. As ascertained from each firm's resume, and as stated earlier, both firms are qualified to litigate this action. Accordingly, the Court approves the selection of Gold Bennett as Lead Counsel and Cohen Milstein as liaison counsel.
V. CONCLUSION
The actions are hereby consolidated under the caption In re Tronox, Inc. Securities Litigation under docket number 09 Civ. 6220(SAS). LaGrange is appointed lead plaintiff in these actions. Gold Bennett is appointed lead counsel and Cohen Milstein is appointed liaison counsel. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close these motions (Docket Nos. 17, 20, and 23 in 09 Civ. 6220). A conference is scheduled for October 21, 2009 at 4:30 p.m.
SO ORDERED.
. The facts in this section are taken from the Complaints in the respective actions and are presumed true for purposes of this motion.
. See Complaint ¶ 11, Alaska Electrical Pension Fund v. Kerr-McGee Corp., No. 09 Civ. 6220 (S.D.N.Y. filed July 10, 2009) ("Alaska Compl."); Complaint ¶ 11, Shi v. Kerr-McGee Corp., No. 09 Civ. 6490, 2009 WL 2220996 (S.D.N.Y. filed July 21, 2009) ("Shi Compl."); Complaint ¶ 30, Barnes v. Kerr-McGee Corp., No. 09 Civ. 7116 (S.D.N.Y. filed Aug. 12, 2009) ("Barnes Compl.").
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 29; Shi Compl. 129; Barnes Compl. V 32.
. See id.
. See id.
. See Alaska Compl. 128; Shi Compl. ¶ 28; Barnes Compl. ¶ 55.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 67; Shi Compl. ¶ 67; Barnes Compl. ¶ 53.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 1; Shi Compl. ¶ 1; Barnes Compl. ¶ 1.
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 31, 40 (quoting the Registration Statement). Accord Shi Compl. ¶31; 40; Barnes Compl. ¶ 33, 45.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 29-68; Shi Compl. ¶ 28-68; Barnes Compl. ¶ 32-55.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 32; Shi Compl. ¶ 32; Barnes Compl. ¶ 45.
. See id.
. See id.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 61; Shi Compl. ¶ 61; Barnes Compl. ¶ 46.
. Alaska Compl. ¶61 (quoting 7/11/07 Tronox Press Release). Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 61; Barnes Compl. ¶ 46.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 61 (quoting 7/11/07 Tro-nox Press Release) (emphasis omitted); Shi Compl. ¶ 61; Barnes Compl. V 47.
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 62 (quoting S & P Announcement) (emphasis omitted). Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 62.
. See Alaska Compl. V 63; Shi Compl. ¶ 63; Barnes Compl. ¶ 48.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 63; Shi Compl. ¶ 63.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 64; Shi Compl. ¶ 64; Barnes Compl. ¶ 49.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 64; Shi Compl. ¶ 64; Barnes Compl. ¶ 50.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 65; Shi Compl. ¶ 65; Barnes Compl. ¶ 51.
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 65 (quoting J.P. Morgan Analyst Report) (emphasis omitted). Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 65.
. See Alaska Compl. V 66; Shi Compl. ¶ 66; Barnes Compl. ¶ 52.
. See Alaska Compl. ¶ 66; Shi Compl. ¶ 66.
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 67. Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 67; Barnes Compl. ¶ 53 ("On January 12, 2009, Tronox shocked investors when it issued a press release entitled Tronox's U.S. Operations File Chapter 11.") (quotation marks omitted).
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 67. Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 67; Barnes Compl. ¶ 55.
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 67. Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 67; Barnes Compl. ¶ 54.
. See Coughlin Stoia Geller Rudman & Robbins LLP Files Class Action Suit on Behalf of Purchasers of Tronox, Inc., Business Wire, July 10, 2009, Ex. C to the Declaration of Gerald H. Silk, counsel for Fire and Police Pension Association of Colorado and the San Antonio Fire and Police Pension Fund ("Fire and Police Pension Funds") ("Silk Deck").
. See Barroway Topaz Kessler Meltzer & Check, LLP Reminds All Tronox, Inc. investors of September 8, 2009 Lead Plaintiff Deadline, PR New-swire, August 31, 2009, Ex. D to Silk Deck
. A fourth movant, Oliver Shi, withdrew his application for lead plaintiff on September 18, 2009.
. See LaGrange Memorandum of Law in Support of Its Motion for Consolidation, Appointment as Lead Plaintiff, and Approval of Selection of Lead Counsel and Liaison Counsel for the Class ("LaGrange Mem.") at 5.
. See Alaska Memorandum of Law in Support of Its Motion for Consolidation, Appointment as Lead Plaintiff and Approval of Lead Plaintiff's Selection of Lead Counsel ("Alaska Mem.") at 5 (identifying its loss as "over $735,500"); La-Grange Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Motions Seeking Appointment as Lead Plaintiff and in Further Support of Their Motion for Appointment as Lead Plaintiff, Approval of Lead and Liaison Counsel and Consolidation of Related Actions at 1 (identifying Alaska's approximate losses as $1,165,906.35).
. See Fire and Police Pension Funds Memorandum of Law in Support of Their Motion for Appointment as Lead Plaintiff, Approval of Their Selection of Lead Counsel, and Consolidation of Related Cases ("Fire and Police Pension Funds Mem.") at 5.
. See LaGrange Mem. at 1 (identifying class period as November 28, 2005 through January 12, 2009); Alaska Mem. at 1 (same); Fire and Police Pension Funds Mem. at 1 (same); Alaska Memorandum in Further Support of Its Motion for Consolidation, Appointment as Lead Plaintiff and Approval of Its Selection of Counsel, and in Opposition to Competing Motions ("Alaska Opp.") at 1 ("LaGrange [] claims the largest financial interest among the movants ."); Response of Fire and Police Pension Funds to Motions for Appointment as Lead Plaintiff ("Fire and Police Pension Funds Opp.") at 1 (same).
. See 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B).
. Id. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B)(i).
. See id. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B)(iii).
. Id. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B)(iii)(I)(aa).
. Id. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B)(iii)(I)(bb).
. Id. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B)(iii)(I)(cc).
. Ellenburg v. JA Solar Holdings Co. Ltd., No. 08 Civ. 10475, 2009 WL 1033362, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 17, 2009) (quoting In re SLM Corp. Sec. Litig., 258 F.R.D. 112, 115-16 (S.D.N.Y.2009)) (alteration in original).
. Central States Southeast & Southwest Areas Health & Welfare Fund v. Merck-Medco Managed Care, LLC, 504 F.3d 229, 245 (2d Cir.2007) (quoting Robinson v. Metro-N. Commuter R.R. Co., 267 F.3d 147, 155 (2d Cir.2001)).
. Glauser v. EVCI Ctr. Colleges Holding Corp., 236 F.R.D. 184, 189 (S.D.N.Y.2006) (citing Dietrich v. Bauer, 192 F.R.D. 119, 124 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)).
. 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4(a)(3)(B)(iii)(II)(aa), (bb).
. See In re Cavanaugh, 306 F.3d 726, 729 (9th Cir.2002) ("While the words 'most capable' seem to suggest that the district court will engage in a wide-ranging comparison to determine which plaintiff is best suited to represent the class, the statute defines the term much more narrowly.").
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 42(a). See Johnson v. Celotex Corp., 899 F.2d 1281, 1284-85 (2d Cir.1990).
. See Glauser, 236 F.R.D. at 189 (finding typicality where proposed lead plaintiff "like all class members" purchased the securities at issue during the proposed class period at prices allegedly artificially inflated by the defendants' false and misleading statements or omissions and suffered damage thereby).
. See LaGrange Certificate of Plaintiff, signed by Grange Johnson, managing member of La-Grange Capital Management LLC (general partner of LaGrange Capital Partners, LP), Ex. B to the Declaration of Thomas Bright, LaGrange's counsel ("Bright Decl.").
. See Resume of Gold Bennett, Ex. C to Bright Deck; Resume of Cohen Milstein, Ex. D to ; Bright Deck
. The Fire and Police Pension Funds support LaGrange's bid for appointment as lead plaintiff and state that the Funds' counsel "has conferred with counsel for LaGrange and it has been agreed that, should the Court appoint LaGrange, the [Funds] will serve as named plaintiffs and class representatives for bond claimants in this action, and that the [Funds'] counsel will work in this action under the authority of the Lead Plaintiff and Lead Counsel." Fire and Police Pension Funds Opp. at 1.
. See Schedule to LaGrange Certificate of Plaintiff, Ex. B to Bright Deck
. See Alaska Opp. at 6 (citing LaGrange's purchase of over 300,000 Tronox shares on the three consecutive days after Tronox's February 13, 2008 announcement that it had a wider-than-expected quarterly loss for the fourth-quarter and Moody's had placed Tronox under review for a possible ratings cut, downgrading it the following day); id. at 7 (citing LaGrange's purchase of over 355,000 Tronox Class B shares in the two weeks following S & P's August 14, 2008 announcement that it had eliminated Tronox from its S & P SmallCap 600 index).
. See Alaska Opp. at 10.
. See, e.g., Gary Plastic Packaging Corp. v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 903 F.2d 176, 179-80 (2d Cir.1990) (holding that it was not an abuse of discretion for the district court to find the proposed class representative inappropriate -because its claim would be subject to the unique defenses of having purchased the securities despite having notice of, and investigated, the alleged fraud); In re Cardinal Health, Inc. Sec. Litig., 226 F.R.D. 298, 310 (S.D.Ohio 2005) (finding movant subject to a unique defense because it purchased its shares after the company's public disclosures of investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York into the company's accounting methods); In re Enron Corp. Sec. Litig., 206 F.R.D. 427, 455 (S.D.Tex.2002) (denying proposed lead plaintiff's motion to appoint where plaintiff relied in part upon an advisory firm with connections to the company and was possibly in possession of nonpublic information prior to purchasing the company's shares). Cf. In re Comverse Tech., Inc. Sec. Litig., No. 06 Civ.1925, 2008 WL 820015, at *2, *3 n. 2 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 25, 2008) (distinguishing Gary Plastic, In re Enron, and In re Cardinal Health). On October 7, 2009, Alaska submitted a notice of supplemental authority to bring this Court's attention to the recent Eastern District of New York class certification decision, Blank v. Jacobs — a case which Alaska claims strengthens its argument because the court denied class certification "finding that lead plaintiff REG Partners LLP was atypical and subject to unique defenses because, among other things, REG may have had access to non-public information and had purchased the majority (73%) of its shares after the first corrective disclosure...." Alaska's Notice of Supplemental Authority in Support of Its Motion for Consolidation, Appointment as Lead Plaintiff and Its Selection of Lead Counsel at 1 (citing Blank v. Jacobs, No. 03 Civ. 2111, 2009 WL 3233037, at *5 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 2009)) (emphasis added). But this case too is distinguishable in that the lead plaintiff may have had access to nonpublic information creating a legitimate question of typicality where the remainder of the class relied solely on public statements. See Blank, 2009 WL 3233037, at *5. Here, there are no allegations that LaGrange had any nonpublic information.
. Alaska Compl. ¶ 67. Accord Shi Compl. ¶ 67; Barnes Compl. 1153 ("On January 12, 2009, Tronox shocked investors when it issued a press release entitled Tronox's U.S. Operations File Chapter 11.").
. See, e.g., In re Comverse Tech., Inc. Sec. Litig., 2008 WL 820015, at *3 (rejecting opposing mov-ant's argument that purchases after alleged partial disclosures created a unique defense where the partial disclosures were too "weak" to "counter-balance effectively" the company's previous false and misleading statements and "[tjhere are undoubtedly many members of the class of plaintiffs who, like [the lead plaintiff], purchased shares of [the company] only after the [partial disclosures]"); In re BearingPoint, Inc., Sec. Litig., 232 F.R.D. 534, 540 (E.D.Va.2006) (holding plaintiff who purchased after an adverse disclosure was not atypical and certified plaintiff as class representative); In re Loewen Group, Inc. Sec. Litig., 233 F.R.D. 154, 163 (E.D.Pa.2005) (rejecting the argument that class representatives who purchased all of their shares after a partial curative disclosure were subject to unique defenses); Dietrich v. Bauer, 192 F.R.D. 119, 125 n. 1 (S.D.N.Y.2000) (finding proposed class representative satisfied typicality despite purchasing stock after partial curative disclosures where the disclosures did not concede the existence of the fraudulent schemes at issue in the litigation); In re Arakis Energy Corp. Sec. Litig., No. 95 Civ. 3431, 1999 WL 1021819, at *6 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 27, 1999) (approving proposed class representative despite having purchased options in the last two days of the class period and after the issuer had disseminated to the public certain curative disclosures, noting that "a difference in the amount of damage, date, size, or manner of purchase, the type of purchaser, and even the specific document influencing the purchase will not render the claim atypical in most securities actions"); Lawrence v. Phillip Morris Co., No. 94 Civ. 1494, 1999 WL 51845, at *5-*6 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 9, 1997) (finding representative plaintiff's claim was not atypical even though plaintiff, unlike other class members, purchased securities after partial disclosure and drop in stock price).
. See Alaska Opp. at 8-9 (citing 549 F.3d 100 (2d Cir.2008)).
. W.R. Huff, 549 F.3d at 103, 104 (quoting plaintiff's second amended complaint at 1) (alteration in original).
. See id. at 104.
. Alaska Opp. at 2 (quoting LaGrange Capital Partners, L.P. google search description, Ex. 3 to the Declaration of David A. Rosenfeld, Alaska's counsel, in Support of the Alaska Opp. ("Rosen-feld Opp. Decl")).
. Tronox Inc., Report of Beneficial Ownership by LaGrange Capital Partners, L.P., (Schedule 13G/A) (Dec. 31, 2008), Ex. 2 to Rosenfeld Opp. Deck, at Item 4 n. 1-3. See also 9/09 Declaration of Frank LaGrange Johnson, managing member of LaGrange Capital Management LLC (general partner of LaGrange Capital Partners, LP), in Support of LaGrange's Motion for Appointment as Lead Plaintiff, Approval of Selection of Lead Counsel and Liaison Counsel, and Consolidation of Related Cases V 2 (LaGrange "can and will allege that they directly incurred the foregoing losses and have suffered injury-in-fact. The losses were sustained by [LaGrange], and not by an investment advisor or any other entity.").
. Alaska Opp. at 2. See also id. at 15-17.
. See id. at 2.
. See, e.g., Corwin v. Seizinger, No. 07 Civ. 6728, 2008 WL 123846, at *3 n. 1, *5 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 8, 2008) (appointing as lead plaintiff an investment firm established under Luxemburg 'law); Steinberg v. Ericsson LM Tel. Co., No. 07 Civ. 9615, 2008 WL 1721484, at *2-*3 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 11, 2008) (denying motion for reconsideration of court's appointment of a citizen of Belgium as lead plaintiff); Jolly Roger Offshore Fund Ltd. v. BKF Capital Group, Inc., No. 07 Civ. 3923, 2007 WL 2363610, at *5 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 16, 2007) (appointing a hedge fund and its offshore partnership lead plaintiff).
. See Alaska Opp. at 18-19.
. See id.
. 15 U.S.C. § 77z-l (a)(3)(B)(iv).
. See, e.g., Ferrari v. Impath, Inc., No. 03 Civ. 1940, 2004 WL 1637053, at *7 (S.D.N.Y. July 20, 2004) (rejecting request for limited discovery of presumptive most adequate plaintiff where "not one iota of evidence" had been produced "to give the Court even a reasonable basis to authorize discovery").
. See In re The Reserve Fund Sec. and Derivative Litig., No. 09 MD 2011 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 5, 2009), Ex. 15 to Rosenfeld Opp. Decl., slip op. at 1 (ordering limited discovery, without explanation, into whether the proposed lead plaintiff investor group "was formed in bad faith, was lawyer-instigated, or is likely to be lawyer-dominated"); In re Michaels Stores, Inc. Sec. Litig., No. 03 Civ. 0236 (N.D.Tex. Oct. 24, 2003), Ex. 16 to Rosenfeld Opp. Deck, slip op. at 2 (granting limited discovery where proposed lead plaintiff was an assistant manager of the issuer corporation and therefore may have been in possession of non public information); In re Network Assoc., 76 F.Supp.2d 1017, 1027 (N.D.Cal.1999) (granting limited discovery where plaintiff-side attorneys had unsuccessfully attempted to aggregate a large number of class members together to achieve a large financial loss to qualify for the statute's presumption and discovery subsequently became necessary to determine the movant with the largest financial loss); Sakhrani v. Brightpoint, Inc., 78 F.Supp.2d 845, 854 (S.D.Ind. 1999) (authorizing a deposition of one party where lawyers sought to aggregate large numbers of investors, but noting "the result has been a debacle").