Case Name: William M. Donald and John W. Gordon, doing Business under the Name and Style of Donald, Gordon & Co., Respondents, v. F. Jerome Gardner, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1899-11
Citations: 44 A.D. 235
Docket Number: 
Parties: William M. Donald and John W. Gordon, doing Business under the Name and Style of Donald, Gordon & Co., Respondents, v. F. Jerome Gardner, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 44
Pages: 235–239

Head Matter:
William M. Donald and John W. Gordon, doing Business under the Name and Style of Donald, Gordon & Co., Respondents, v. F. Jerome Gardner, Appellant.
Account stated — the time of the service of a summons, not its date, considered— defense to an action by a stockbroker that he agreed to accept a customers note as-a cash ma/rgin.
In an action by a firm of stockbrokers against a client upon an account stated, the' fact that the summons in the action was dated August 1, 1896, and that the" complaint, which was dated August 10, 1896, alleged that the account waS-stated on July 80, 1896, does not preclude the plaintiffs from recovering on the theory of an account stated, where it appears that the summons was not-actually served until after September 11, 1896, and that the defendant retained-the account without objection until that time.
Allegations in the answer that the plaintiffs agreed to carry the securities pur* chased by them for the defendant’s account until his net indebtedness, over and above the market value of the securities, was equal to the amount of a-promissory note delivered by the defendant to the plaintiffs, which they had agreed to accept in lieu of cash, and that the defendant’s net indebtedness never equalled the amount of such note, and that he was not in default at the time his account was closed by the plaintiffs, constitute a defense to the action; and-the defendant is not precluded by the account stated from proving this defense' and showing that the promissory note was not included in the account statedr
Appeal ' by the defendant, F. Jerome Gardner, from a judgment-of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiffs, entered in ther office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 23d day of December, 1898, upon the verdict of a jury rendered by direction-of the court.
Benjamin Yates, for the appellant.
Horace E. Deming, for the respondent.

Opinion:
O'Brien, J.:
The action was brought to recover a balance of $2,859.70, alleged to be due the plaintiffs as the result of transactions had upon their employment by the defendant to act as brokers in the purchase and sale of stocks and securities. It appears that the defendant opened an account with the plaintiffs by depositing with them 900 shares of Atchison railroad stock — but no money whatever — on May §5, 1895, and that thereafter stocks and other securities were bought £,nd sold for him and accounts rendered from time to time. These .accounts or statements are in evidence and show that the transactions proceeded regularly till July 30, 1896, when the Atchison Stock was sold at auction and the balance demanded, which is the Subject of this action.
The complaint states that these accounts were accepted when sent, without objection, and that finally on July 30, 1896, a full and just " account was made and stated," showing the balance of $2,859.70 due " over and above all sums received from defend"ant, which said account was delivered to and received .and accepted by defendant and by him retained without objection." It further appears that the summons was dated August 1, 1896, and that the complaint is dated August 10, 1896.
It was necessary to obtain an order for substituted service on the ground that the defendant avoided service; and the order is dated September 11, 1896.. Thereafter the defendant appeared. The .answer bears the daté of November 11, 1896, and the defense is lhat there was no " account stated," because the final account was not rendered till July 30,1896, and the summons was dated August 1, 1896 ; that the account does not represent the agreement entered into, and that the plaintiffs did not keep the identical stock deposited with them as. security. There is a counterclaim of $15,000 due, as alleged, for the unauthorized sale of the Atchison stock.
The record shows that the defendant was notified on July 24, 1896, to pay what was due the plaintiffs and to take up his securities which otherwise would be sold at auction on a day named and "Jie be held for any deficit. Many exceptions were taken bn the ground that there was no account stated and to refusals to admit .evidence of agreement not therein shown. At the close of the cáse -¿he defendant asked to go to the jury on the question as to whether £,n account had been stated definitely between the parties and as to whether the account offered was correct. These requests were refused and the defendant excepted.
As the summons was- not served until after September eleventh -¿he defendant's (claim that there was no account stated—when ¡he $dmits that he received the statement on July thirtieth—is without jnerit, there being a period during which the defendant retained, without objection, the account from July thirtieth till after September eleventh, when the action was actually commenced by service of the summons and complaint by substituted service and the defendant's appearance. If there was no other defense or question wef should be for affirmance of the judgment directed by the court.
In addition, however, to claiming that there was no account stated* the defendant, for a third and separate defense, alleged that " plaintiffs and defendant entered into an agreement by which it was stipulated and agreed that the plaintiffs should receive, and they did thereupon receive from defendant, a promissory note for Nine thousand ($9*000) dollars, duly indorsed by one Charles W. Ostrander* wherein and whereby, on account of stock transactions, defendant promised to pay to the order of plaintiffs the sum of Nine thousand ($9,000) dollars on due demand. That it was agreed that said note should be received and that it was received by plaintiffs in lieu of cash margin-upon defendant's account with plaintiffs, and plaintiffs* in consideration of said note, agreed that they would carry the stocks and securities purchased and to he purchased by defendant until-defendant's net indebtedness thereon, over and above their market value, was equal to the amount of said promissory note.
" XIY. This defendant alleges that his account at the time was -closed by plaintiffs,, and .liis securities sold by them, was not in arrear, and he was not indebted to plaintiffs thereon in the sum of-Nine thousand ($9,000) dollars over and above the market value of-his said stocks and securities, or in any sum whatever, and that the plaintiffs, contrary to their said contract and contrary to them duty in the premises, and against defendant's order and protest, sold and closed out the stocks and securities of defendant on or about the" 29th day of July, 1896, at prices far below their actual value, to the-damage of this defendant in a large sum of money."
This defense was sought to be proved, but all the evidence offered by the defendant was, under objection and exception, excluded-The ground for this ruling, as shown in the colloquy between the-court and the counsel, was that it constituted no defense. The defendant's counsel insisted that as long as the note was outstanding* and as it had not been returned or offered to be returned, the plaintiffs could not—if the agreement was made as alleged and the note' taken thereunder—place the defendant in default-, for the reason- -that they had agreed to receive the note in lieu of cash margin upon •the defendant's account, and had agreed they would carry the stocks .and securities purchased "until defendant's net indebtedness -thereon, over and above their market value, was.equal to the amount of said promissory note; " that no default-could occur, therefore, without showing that the indebtedness was in excess of the amount of the note.
The effort of the defendant to show that the note was given, and -the purpose for which it was.given, though' asked in various ways, -was futile under-the rulings of the court that that was immaterial. 'To this entire line of evidence, embracing many questions,' the -plaintiffs interposed the objection that such evidence was not competent because it did not refer to securities mentioned in the .accounts which were conclusive on the defendant; and this was the view finally adopted by the court, to whose rulings many exceptions were taken.
The facts pleaded constituted a defense unléss the defendant was -absolutely concluded by the account stated.
The law upon this subject is thus formulated in the American and English Encyclopaedia of Law (Vol. I [2d ed.], 458): " An account ; stated is- not in general conclusive. Its effect is to establish prima facie the accuracy and correctness of the, items, and it seems tfiat •the strength of the presumption of correctness depends, to some . extent, upon the circumstances of the case."
As said by Seldbn, J., in Lockwood v. Thorne (18 N. Y. 285): • " An account stated or settled is a mere admission that the- accopnt fs correct. It is not an estoppel. The account is still open to impeachment for mistakes or errors. Its effect is to establish pri/ma facie the accuracy of the items without other, proof, and the party : seeking to impeach it is bound to show affirmatively the mistake or . error alleged. The force of the admission and the strength of the . evidence which will be necessary to overcome it will depend upon the ,-circumstances of the case. An account stated, which is shown to have been examined by both parties and expressly assented to or -signed by them, would afford stronger evidence of the correctness -of its items than if it merely appeared that it had been delivered to the party or sent by mail, and acquiesced in for a sufficient length .of time to entitle it to be considered as an account stated
We think that the defendant had a right to show that there was the $9,000 note which was not included in the account — the only reference to a $9,000 note being an item for " protest fees " in the account of July twentieth, and that for the errors in excluding this evidence the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, Ingraham and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.
Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.