Case Name: TIANJIN MAGNESIUM INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD., Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant, and U.S. Magnesium, LLC, Defendant-Intervenor
Court: United States Court of International Trade
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2012-04-25
Citations: 836 F. Supp. 2d 1377
Docket Number: Slip Op. 12-54; Court No.: 09-00012
Parties: TIANJIN MAGNESIUM INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD., Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant, and U.S. Magnesium, LLC, Defendant-Intervenor.
Judges: 
Reporter: Federal Supplement 2d
Volume: 836
Pages: 1377–1382

Head Matter:
TIANJIN MAGNESIUM INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD., Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant, and U.S. Magnesium, LLC, Defendant-Intervenor.
Slip Op. 12-54.
Court No.: 09-00012.
United States Court of International Trade.
April 25, 2012.
Riggle & Craven, (David A. Riggle), Chicago, IL, for Tianjin Magnesium International Co., Ltd., Plaintiff.
Tony West, Assistant Attorney General; Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, Washington, DC, Claudia Burke, Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, (Renee Gerber); Thomas M. Be-line, Office of Chief Counsel for Import Administration, United States Department of Commerce, Of Counsel, for the United States, Defendant.
King & Spalding, LLP, (Stephen A. Jones and Jeffery B. Denning), Washington, DC, for U.S. Magnesium, LLC, Defendant-Intervenor.

Opinion:
OPINION
TSOUCALAS, Senior Judge:
This matter comes before the Court upon the Final Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Voluntary Remand: Pure Magnesium from the People's Republic of China ("Second Redetermination") issued by the Department of Commerce ("Commerce") on October 31, 2011. Plaintiff, Tianjin Magnesium International Co., Ltd. ("Tianjin") filed Comments asserting that the Second Redetermination was without support and requesting that the Court remand this matter to Commerce for further proceedings. Defendant-Intervenor, U.S. Magnesium, LLC ("U.S. Magnesium") filed Comments stating that Commerce's decision was well supported, and urging the Court to affirm the Second Redetermination without modification. For the reasons set forth below, the Court concludes that the Second Redetermination is supported by substantial evidence and otherwise in accord with the law and affirms Commerce's decision.
BACKGROUND
This case involves an administrative review of the antidumping order on pure magnesium from the People's Republic of China for the period from May 1, 2006, through April 30, 2007. See Pure Magnesium from the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 73 Fed.Reg. 76,336 (Dec. 16, 2008) ("2006-2007 Final Results "). At the conclusion of the administrative review, Tianjin, a seller of pure magnesium for export, was assigned a rate of 0.63%, and appeals were filed by both Tianjin and U.S. Magnesium. On August 9, 2010, the Court remanded the case for further proceedings after concluding that not all of the surrogate values relied on in the 2006-2007 Final Results were supported. See Tianjin Magnesium Int'l Co., Ltd. v. United States, 34 CIT -, 722 F.Supp.2d 1322 (2010) ("Tianjin I "). On February 11, 2011, Commerce issued its Final Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Court Remand Pure Magnesium from the People's Republic of China ("First Redetermination"). While this Court's review of that First Redetermination was pending, Commerce requested that the matter again be remanded so it could determine whether to reopen the 2006-2007 administrative review based on the factors announced by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Home Prods. Int'l, Inc. v. Unit ed States, 633 F.3d 1369 (Fed.Cir.2011). The Court granted Commerce's request.
To best understand the issues weighed by Commerce in this most recent remand, attention must be given to events that occurred during the first remand. The Court first remanded this case, in part, based on its conclusion that the record contained inadequate support for the valuation given to waste magnesium, a manufacturing process byproduct the sale of which could offset the normal value. Tianjin I, 34 CIT at -, 722 F.Supp.2d at 1336. Whether Tianjin was entitled to the offset was not in question when this matter was first remanded.
Following the Court's remand in August, 2010, Commerce concluded that there was not adequate evidence in the record to properly value the waste magnesium, and it issued to Tianjin a supplemental questionnaire. Second Redetermination at 4. In its response to that supplemental questionnaire, Tianjin continued to claim entitlement to the waste magnesium byproduct offset, and it provided documentation supporting that claim such as sales invoices, sales ledger entries, and other accounting records. See Response to the Supplemental By-product Questionnaire by Tianjin Magnesium International, Co., Ltd. (Oct. 19, 2010), Public Rec. 6, Confidential Rec. 2 ("Supplemental Response").
On November 2, 2010, U.S. Magnesium filed its Rebuttal Factual Information and Petitioner's Comments On TMI's Supplemental Byproduct Response (Nov. 2, 2010), PR 10 ("Rebuttal"). U.S. Magnesium's Rebuttal included a copy of Commerce's verification report from the administrative review for the 2007-2008 period of review. See Verification of the Sales and Factors Responses of Tianjin Magnesium International, Ltd. in the 2007-2008 Administrative Review of the Antidumping Duty Order on Pure Magnesium from the People's Republic of China (Nov. 4, 2009), Rebuttal, Exhibit 1 ("2007-2008 Verification Report"). In the 2007-2008 Verification Report, Commerce stated that it was notified by Tianjin's suppliers that there had been no byproduct sales prior to April 2007. In other words, there were no byproduct sales during the 2006-2007 period of review at issue in this case. Commerce stated that this disclosure was made in Tianjin's presence. Second Redetermination at 14.
Based on this information, U.S. Magnesium argued that Tianjin was not entitled to the byproduct offset. In support, U.S. Magnesium pointed out that Tianjin's Supplemental Response, in which it asserted its entitlement to a byproduct offset, was filed more than a year after the 2007-2008 Verification Report was issued, and therefore Tianjin must have been aware that there were no sales entitling it to an offset. See Rebuttal at 9. Commerce decided, however, that it could not consider the 2007-2008 Verification Report, because it did not exist at the time Commerce made its initial determination in the 2006-2007 Final Results. First Redetermination at 17. In the First Redetermination, Commerce still considered Tianjin eligible for the byproduct offset.
Review of this First Redetermination was pending when Commerce sought another remand to consider reopening the 2006-2007 administrative review pursuant to the factors in Home Products, which is the remand currently at issue. On remand, Commerce determined that there existed clear and convincing evidence sufficient to make a prima facie case that the 2006-2007 administrative review was taint ed by fraud. Commerce specifically relied on the information set forth above that there had, in fact, been no byproduct sales during the 2006-2007 period, as well as evidence that the vouchers submitted to show such sales were fabricated. Second Redetermination at 9-10. This evidence led Commerce to conclude that Tianjin intentionally misrepresented its entitlement to a byproduct offset, and that it did so to lower its margin. Id. at 10. Commerce also stated that although it normally considers its administrative reviews final and conclusive, this case presented circumstances weighing in favor of reopening the review. Commerce noted that Tianjin's misrepresentations were material because when relied on by Commerce, they resulted in a lower margin for Tianjin. Id. at 14-15. Commerce also concluded that Tianjin's fraud was discovered within a reasonable time, and noted that Tianjin's entries from the 2006-2007 period of review remained unliquidated because of an injunction. Id. at 15-16.
Based on this evidence, Commerce determined that it was appropriate to reopen the record of the 2006-2007 administrative review. Commerce prepared draft results wherein it concluded that Tianjin was not entitled to the byproduct offset and calculated Tianjin's margin to be 21.24%. Id. at 18. However, after receiving comments from the parties, Commerce revised its determination and concluded that Tianjin's behavior significantly impeded the review pursuant to Section 766(a)(2)(C) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1677e (a)(2)(C) (2006). Second Redetermination at 27. Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677e(b), Commerce further concluded that Tianjin failed to cooperate to the best of its ability, and applied an adverse facts available rate of 111.73%, which rate had already been calculated for a respondent other than Tianjin in the 2006-2007 review.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
As stated in Tianjin I, the Court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) and 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a)(2)(B)(iii). Additionally, the Court will uphold Commerce's determinations in administrative reviews unless they are "unsupported by substantial evidence on the record, or otherwise not in accordance with law." 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(l)(B)(i).
ANALYSIS
Whether Commerce was justified in reopening the 2006-2007 review turns on an interpretation of the Home Products decision. In that decision, the Court of Appeals dealt with the question of whether remand is required when evidence is presented that the proceedings below were tainted by material fraud. Stating that the Court of International Trade's discretion on whether to remand is not unlimited, the Court of Appeals held that
where a party brings to light clear and convincing new evidence sufficient to make a prima facie case that the agency proceedings under review were tainted by material fraud, the Trade Court abuses its discretion when it declines to order a remand to require the agency to reconsider its decision in light of the new evidence.
Home Prods., 633 F.3d at 1378. The Court of Appeals clarified that Commerce need not reopen the administrative proceedings just because evidence of fraud existed, and stated that in making the decision to reopen or not, Commerce can consider "the interests in finality, the extent of the inaccuracies in the . administrative review, whether fraud existed in the . administrative review, the strength of the evidence of fraud, the level of materiality, and other appropriate factors." Id. at 1381.
The posture of this case is different than Home Products in that here, the evidence of Tianjin's fraud was raised before Commerce at the administrative level instead of before the court as it was in Home Products. See id. at 1375. Tianjin argues that Commerce erred in two primary ways when it made the threshold fraud finding and reopened the review: (1) Commerce did not conduct an analysis of the elements of fraud, and (2) Tianjin's conduct did not rise to the level of fraud.
Taking up Tianjin's first argument, the Court concludes that there is nothing in the Home Products decision that requires a threshold analysis and finding regarding each of the elements of fraud. First, Home Products itself does not engage in such a rigorous analysis. Furthermore, the Court of Appeals did not require remand only when evidence is presented that a participant in the administrative proceedings committed fraud, either at common law as proposed by Tianjin, or otherwise. Home Products sets forth a less rigorous standard, requiring remand when "evidence sufficient to make a prima facie case that the agency proceedings under review were tainted by material fraud" is presented. Id. at 1378. The "prima facie case" prescribed by Home Products is not whether a party has committed common law fraud, but rather whether the proceedings themselves were "tainted by material fraud." This inquiry is broader, and less exacting, than a determination regarding whether the conduct of a party has met the legal elements of fraud.
Given this conclusion regarding the Home Products standard, the Court concludes that Commerce's determination that the proceedings below were "tainted by material fraud" is well supported by substantial evidence in the record. Throughout these proceedings, Tianjin attempted to insulate itself from the lack of byproduct sales by stating that it was Tianjin's suppliers who sold byproduct and kept the requisite paperwork. See, e.g., Pl.'s Comments on the Second Redetermination of October 31, 2011 at 6. However, by the time Tianjin submitted its Supplemental Response in October 2010, it was undoubtedly aware that there had been no byproduct sales during the 2006-2007 administrative review period. Only Tianjin claimed entitlement to a byproduct offset in its October 2010 Supplemental Response, and only Tianjin filed the paperwork with Commerce purporting to justify that claim. Furthermore, as can be seen by the disparity in 0.63% margin imposed on Tianjin in the 2006-2007 Final Results, and the 21.24% margin Commerce was going to impose before deciding to apply adverse facts available, Tianjin's claimed offset was material in that it stood to benefit from a greatly reduced margin if Commerce applied the byproduct offset.
Finally, the Court concludes that Tianjin's conduct was egregious enough to warrant Commerce's determinations that Tianjin had impeded its investigation and failed to act to the best of its ability. See Nippon Steel Corp. v. United States, 337 F.3d 1373, 1382 (Fed.Cir.2003) ("While the ['best of its ability'] standard does not require perfection and recognizes that mistakes sometimes occur, it does not condone inattentiveness, carelessness, or inadequate record keeping.").
Based on the foregoing, and the Court's review of the Second Redetermination and all other pleadings and papers filed herein, it is hereby
ORDERED that the Final Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Voluntary Remand issued by the Department of Commerce is affirmed without modification, and this matter is dismissed.
. Hereinafter all documents in the public record will be designated "PR" and all documents in the confidential record designated "CR".
. All further citations to the Tariff Act of 1930 are to the relevant provisions of Title 19 of the United States Code, 2006 edition.
. "Taint" is defined as "(1) To imbue with a noxious quality or principle. (2) To contaminate or corrupt. (3) To tinge or affect slightly for the worse." Black's Law Dictionary 1466 (7th ed. 1999).
. The Court notes that in addition to its arguments against Commerce's interpretation of Home Products, Tianjin also argues that Commerce erroneously applied zeroing in the Second Redetermination. Given Commerce's application of adverse facts available, and the Court's conclusion that this determination was supported by substantial evidence, the Court need not reach the issue of zeroing.