Case Name: In the Matter of First Terrace Gardens, Inc., Appellant, against Joseph D. McGoldrick, as State Rent Administrator, Respondent, and George C. Clayton et al., Intervenors-Respondents
Court: New York Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1956-02-17
Citations: 1 N.Y.2d 1
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of First Terrace Gardens, Inc., Appellant, against Joseph D. McGoldrick, as State Rent Administrator, Respondent, and George C. Clayton et al., Intervenors-Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York Reports
Volume: 1
Pages: 1–5

Head Matter:
In the Matter of First Terrace Gardens, Inc., Appellant, against Joseph D. McGoldrick, as State Rent Administrator, Respondent, and George C. Clayton et al., Intervenors-Respondents.
Argued November 15, 1955;
decided February 17, 1956.
Lazarus Joseph for appellant.
I. The Bent Administrator exceeded his authority in unconditionally denying the application of the landlord. (Fogelson v. Rackfay Constr. Co., 300 N. Y. 334; People ex rel. McGoldrick v. Regency Park, 201 Misc. 109, 280 App. Div. 804, 305 N. Y. 650.) II. The administrator’s denial of appellant’s application is arbitrary and capricious and the order of the Appellate Division affirming such denial should be reversed. (Matter of McCormack v. National City Bank of N. Y., 303 N. Y. 5; Matter of Stork Restaurant v. Boland, 282 N. Y. 256; Matter of Reynolds v. Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth., 276 App. Div. 388; Brown v. Walker, 161 U. S. 591; Hull v. Littauer, 162 N. Y. 569; Second Nat. Bank v. Weston, 172 N. Y. 250; Matter of Kaye v. Donlon, 281 App. Div. 617, 306 N. Y. 884; Matter of Winthrop v. Bates, 278 App. Div. 42, 303 N. Y. 952; Matter of Laurence v. Gaffney, 272 App. Div. 609; Euclid v. Ambler Co., 272 U. S. 365.) III. The order of respondent deprives appellant of its property without due process of law in violation of the Constitutions of the United States of America and of the State of New York. (Matter of Zorach v. Clauson, 303 N. Y. 161; Teeval Co. v. Stern, 301 N. Y. 346; Twentieth Century Associates v. Waldman, 294 N. Y. 571; Nebbia v. New York, 291 U. S. 502; Block v. Hirsh, 256 U. S. 135; Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U. S. 393; Home Bldg. & L. Assn. v. Blaisdell, 290 U. S. 398; Worthen Co. v. Thomas, 292 U. S. 426; Marcus Brown Co. v. Feldman, 256 U. S. 170; Fisher Co. v. Woods, 187 N. Y. 90.)
Beatrice Shainswit and Nathan Heller for Joseph D. McGoldrick, State Rent Administrator, respondent.
The commission properly denied landlord’s application to alter the lobbies, entrances and elevators, since it could reasonably find that the alteration could not be made without a substantial decrease in essential services. (Matter of Jerlan Holding Corp. v. McGoldrick, 281 App. Div. 545; Matter of R. E. Associates v. McGoldrick, 282 App. Div. 1043, 308 N. Y. 710; Matter of 52 Clark Inc. v. McGoldrick, 279 App, Div. 913, 304 N. Y. 676; Matter of 6 Square Inc. v. McGoldrick, 283 App. Div. 791; People ex rel. McGoldrick v. Regency Park, 305 N. Y. 650; Fogelson v. Rackfay Constr. Co., 300 N. Y. 334.)
Philip Adler for intervenors-respondents.
I. The administrator’s decision is not arbitrary or capricious. It is supported by substantial evidence. (Fogelson v. Rackfay Constr. Co., 300 N. Y. 334; People ex rel. McGoldrick v. Regency Park, 305 N. Y. 650; Matter of Jerlan Holding Corp. v. McGoldrick, 281 App. Div. 545; Matter of R. E. Associates v. McGoldrick, 282 App. Div. 1043, 308 N. Y. 710.) II. The landlord has lost its right to eliminate the elevator operators. (Matter of Efef Associates v. McGoldrick, 281 App. Div. 673.) III. The terms suggested by the administrator, in the event of a reversal, are wholly inadequate. (Barbee v. 2639 Corp., 284 App. Div. 298.)

Opinion:
Per Curiam.
This appeal seeks to set aside and annul an order of the State Bent Administrator denying the petitioner's application, as owner of London Gardens on West 23rd and 24th Streets, New York City, (1) to convert 10 elevators from manual to automatic operation and (2) to make various structural alterations in the 10 buildings owned by the petitioner in the following respects: the elimination of the entrances and lobbies in 8 of the 10 buildings leaving only the lobby of the center building on 23rd Street, and the lobby of the center building on 24th Street, in order to give the petitioner 16 new dwelling and professional units.
The. State Bent Administrator has found that '1 adequate protection cannot be devised which would give the tenants a satisfactory substitute for the presence of elevator operators " and that the changes proposed 1 ' would constitute substantial decreases of essential services to which the tenants are entitled ' '.
The courts may not overturn determinations made by the State Bent Administrator unless they have been made without substantial evidence to support them or are arbitrary and capricious. We conclude after a review of the record herein that the determination of the administrator that the tenants would be deprived to a substantial extent of essential services is fully supported by the proof adduced at the hearings.
Each building contains 2 elevators both of which are manually operated, one a passenger elevator and the other a service elevator. Each unit is 16 stories high. There are 969 apartments in the 10 units housing about 2,000 tenants.
The substitution of 2 lobby attendants together with a complicated system of identification cards, bells, clocks, fire door keys and switch keys in place of 8 elevator operators clearly amounts to a decrease in essential services in a building of such a size with the attendant inconvenience and hardship to elderly people as well as the possible dangers from intruders to them and the women and children residents. As a result of the lobby and entrance conversion, the tenants would be deprived of private building lobbies and compelled to walk " a short city block " to a single crowded entrance and back, through a narrow interior hall or to enter through an unprotected fire door. Finally the proposed package room would substitute an unwieldy and inconvenient method for the present simple delivery: of' all packages directly to the tenant by the manual elevator. Under the circumstances, the denial by the administrator to the petitioner of a right to implement its integral plan for lobby, entrance and elevator changes affords no basis upon which may rest a conclusion that the action of the administrator was arbitrary or capricious. This case differs from the cases of a simple elevator conversion where conditioning the conversion on lobby attendants provides ample protection. Under the rent act a landlord can no more remove a lobby than it could remove the elevators or any other facility essential to tenants. Since the commission has the power to require continuance of protection in the lobby (Matter of Jerlan Holding Corp. v. McGoldrick, 281 App. Div. 545; Matter of R. E. Associates v. McGoldrick, 282 App. Div. 1043, affd. 308 N. Y. 710), it has the power to require continuance of the lobby and entrances themselves.
The Legislature has granted to the commission extensive powers to find facts and promulgate regulations thereon to insure continuation of essential services which the landlord was obliged to provide on the date at which the maximum rent was frozen. Such power has been upheld by the courts (Matter of 52 Clark Inc. v. McGoldrick, 279 App. Div. 913, affd. 304 N. Y. 676). In view of the careful, thorough consideration given by the commission to the landlord's proposals, the findings of the commission which are amply buttressed by facts, impress us as reasonable.
The order of the Appellate Division should he affirmed, with costs.
Conway, Ch. J., Desmond, Fuld and Bubke, JJ., concur in Per Curiam opinion; Feoessel and Van Voobhis, JJ., dissent and vote to reverse the order appealed from and to annul the determination of the State Bent Administrator insofar as it prevents conversion of these buildings, and to direct that the conversion be permitted subject to the substituted conditions enumerated by the Bent Administrator, for the reasons stated by Callahan, J., at the Appellate Division. Dye, J., taking no part.
Order affirmed.