Case Name: George Givens v. The State
Court: Supreme Court of Texas
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1851
Citations: 6 Tex. 344
Docket Number: 
Parties: George Givens v. The State.
Judges: 
Reporter: Texas Reports
Volume: 6
Pages: 172–174

Head Matter:
George Givens v. The State.
Where the defendant was convicted of a common assault, and the statement of facts left it doubtful whether he made the first assault: Held, That there was no ground for reversing the decision of the court below in overruling a motion for a new trial.
The defendant may be convicted of a common.assault on an indictment for an assault with intent to commit murder. (Note 62.)
Appeal from Anderson. The appellant was indicted for an assault with an intent to murder Samuel Wingate. There was but one count in the indict ment. The evidence was contradictory. The jury found him guilty of a common assault. A motion was made for a new trial, which was overruled by the court.
Cravens and Perry, for appellant.
Upon the second ground embraced in the motion in the court below and relied upon in this court, that the conviction was for a common assault, under an indictment for an assault with intent to murder, it is believed there can be no doubt. “Formerly, upon an indictment for felony, the prisoner must either have been convicted of a felony or entirely acquitted; but the 1st Viet., c. 8ñ, has introduced a very important alteration in cases where the crime charged includes an assault.” (1 Russ. on Crimes, 778.) From the authority here eited it is clear that the practice in the English courts of permitting «¿conviction for a common assault, under indictments where the offense charged included an assault, is authorized by a statute of that country which could not possibly give the authority for a similar course in this case. In the case of Reg. v. Hagan, (8 C. &. P., 167,1 Russ, on Crimes, 779.) “ upon an indictment under the 9 Geo. IV, chap. 31, for maliciously wouuding with intent to murder, it was held that the prisoner might be acquitted of the felony and convicted of an assault” under the statute of Victoria above referred to. From this decision, having been made.expressly upon the ground that the statute authorized it, it is clear that without such a statute the prisoner must have been convicted of the offense charged, or acquitted.
Attorney General, for appellee.
That the defendant below was rightly convicted of a common assault in this case is apparent from the following authorities: (State v. Coy, 2 Aik. R„ 181; State v. Nichols, 8 Conn. R., 49G; McBride v. The State, 2 Eng. R., 374; State v. Kennedy, 7 Blackf. R., 233.) The cases cited in the appellant’s brief are relied on by the State.

Opinion:
Lipscomb, J.
The errors assigned on which appellant seeks to reverse the judgment arc—
1st. That the court below erred in overruling the motion for a new trial, on the ground that the verdict was contrary to evidence.
2d. The court erred in rendering a judgment on the verdict against the appellant for a common assault, when he was indicted for an assault with an intent to murder.
The first ground can be disposed of by a reference to many decisions of this court. The statement of facts leaves it doubtful which commenced or made the first assault, and the jury had to determine by weighing the different statements made by the witnesses, as it was their peculiar province to do; and liad their finding been the other way it could no more have been field to be contrary to evidence than their finding the appellaflt guilty. It affords no ground for reversing the decision of the court in overruling the motion for a now trial.
The second ground has never before been presented to this court. It seems, however, to be the common practice in most of the States on a verdict finding a common assault or assault and battery, upon a count for an assault with intent to murder, to hold such finding good and valid. (Whart. Am. Crim. Law, 97; 5 Ohio R., 242 ; 7 Port. R., 4951) It seems to be a well-settled rule tiiat when an accusation of an offense includes an inferior one the jury may acquit the accused of the more atrocious and convict him of the iuferior offense. (State v. Cowell, 4 Ire. R., 231.) And in the State v. Gafney (4 Rice R., 431) the Court of Appeals of South Carolina held that the indictment uuder the statute for the murder of a slave would sustain a verdict for the inferior offense of " killing in sudden heat and passion." This doctrine appears to be well founded oil the principle that the greater offense includes the less and the less is merged in (he greater. So that after an acquittal or conviction of the higher offense it could be pleaded in bar to a prosecution for the less offense. (Whart. Am. Grim. Law, 141.) So the judgment in this case would be a bar lo a prosecution for an assault or for an assault and battery. On principle and authority we believe there was no error in the court below rendering a judgment on the finding of tiie jury. It is therefore affirmed.
Note 62.—Gardenheir v. The State, post, 348; Johnson v. The State, 17 T., 515.
Judgment affirmed.