Case Name: MILLER v. GREAT LAKES STEEL CORPORATION
Court: Michigan Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 1982-01-05
Citations: 112 Mich. App. 122
Docket Number: Docket No. 49486
Parties: MILLER v GREAT LAKES STEEL CORPORATION
Judges: Before: Bronson, P.J., and R. M. Maher and F. X. O’Brien, JJ.
Reporter: Michigan appeals reports; cases decided in the Michigan Court of Appeals.
Volume: 112
Pages: 122–129

Head Matter:
MILLER v GREAT LAKES STEEL CORPORATION
Docket No. 49486.
Submitted June 3, 1981, at Detroit.
Decided January 5, 1982.
Odis Miller brought an action against Great Lakes Steel Corporation for damages incurred as a result of injuries received by him while working for Great Lakes’ contractor, Valley Consolidated Industries, alleging that the work was inherently dangerous and that Great Lakes retained sufficient control over the work to be liable for the injuries. Great Lakes brought a third-party action against Valley Industries for common-law indemnity and subsequently moved for a directed verdict against Miller. Wayne Circuit Court, Roland L. Olzark, J., granted the motion relative to the "right of control” theory, but denied the motion relative to the "inherently dangerous” theory. Following trial, the jury returned a verdict of no cause of action. Miller appeals the trial court’s grant of Great Lakes’ motion. Held:
The trial court properly directed a verdict in favor of Great Lakes relative to Miller’s "right of control” theory. The record reveals that Great Lakes exercised insufficient control as a matter of law to impose liability.
Affirmed.
Bronson, P.J., dissented. He would hold that reasonable jurors could have found that Great Lakes retained sufficient control of the work project to impose liability based on the detailed terms of its contract with Valley Industries, the absence of day-to-day supervision of the project notwithstanding. He would reverse and remand.
Opinion op the Court
1. Appeal — Directed Verdicts.
The Court of Appeals, in reviewing a denial of a motion for a directed verdict, must view the evidence and all legitimate inferences emanating therefrom in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party, and where reasonable minds could not differ regarding the meaning of the evidence the trial court will be upheld.
References for Points in Headnotes
[1] 4 Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error § 110.
[2, 3] 57 Am Jur 2d, Negligence § 50.
[3] 57 Am Jur 2d, Negligence § 47.
2. Master and Servant — Contractors — Negligence — Torts.
Generally, a property owner is not liable to an employee of a contractor for the contractor’s negligence; however, where the owner retains sufficient control of the work performed by the contractor which amounts to more than mere contractual control, safety inspections, and general oversight, liability for such negligence may be imposed.
Dissent by Bronson, P.J.
3. Master and Servant — Contractors — Negligence — Torts.
The terms of a contract between a property owner and a contractor may be so detailed regarding how work is to be performed as to amount to a retention by the owner of control of the work, even where no day-to-day supervision is exercised by the owner, sufficient to impose liability on the owner for the contractor’s negligence which results in an injury to the contractor’s employee.
Smith & Quinn, for plaintiff.
Gromek, Bendure & Thomas (by Mark R. Bendure and Nancy L. Bosh), for Great Lakes Steel Corporation and Valley Consolidated Industries.
Vandeveer, Garzia, Tonkin, Kerr & Heaphy, P.C., for Great Lakes Steel Corporation.
Davidson, Gotshall, Kohl, Secrest, Wardle, Lynch & Clark, for Valley Consolidated Industries.
Before: Bronson, P.J., and R. M. Maher and F. X. O’Brien, JJ.
Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.

Opinion:
F. X. O'Brien, J.
Plaintiff appeals as of right from an order denying his motion for new trial. We affirm.
Plaintiff, an employee of third-party defendant Valley Consolidated Industries (Valley), was injured while working inside a blast furnace at the premises of defendant Great Lakes Steel Corporation (Great Lakes). Great Lakes had engaged Valley by contractual agreement to reline certain blast furnaces at the Great Lakes plant on Zug Island.
In order to get into the stove in the furnace to tear out the brick, the workmen used a swinging scaffold. Plaintiff and a second employee of Valley, James Willis, were asked to work on the scaffold. Willis would signal a winch operator to raise and lower the scaffold. Both men wore safety belts.
After a coffee break, the two men returned to the scaffold and signaled the operator to lower it to the point where they had been working. When they reached that point, Willis signaled the operator to stop, but the scaffold continued to descend. Willis was able to pull off his safety belt and remain on the scaffold. Plaintiff, however, was not able to pull off the belt and was left hanging in the air by his belt.
Willis continued to signal the operator for about 8 to 10 minutes and, eventually, the scaffold was raised. Plaintiff grabbed the cable, and the scaffold continued to the top of the stove where the men got off. Plaintiff was awarded $18,500 as workers' compensation. He filed the instant action against Great Lakes, alleging that Great Lakes, as the owner of the property, was liable for his injuries under one of two theories. First, plaintiff alleged that the work was inherently dangerous. Plaintiff also alleged that Great Lakes retained the right of control over the work and, thus, was liable for the injuries.
Great Lakes moved for a directed verdict on the basis that plaintiff had failed to establish a right to recovery under either theory. The trial court granted the motion on plaintiff's "right of control" theory but denied the motion on the "inherently dangerous" theory. The jury ultimately returned a verdict of no cause of action on the latter theory. Plaintiff does not challenge the jury verdict. This appeal is limited to a determination of whether the trial court erred in directing a verdict in Great Lakes' favor on plaintiff's right of control theory of recovery.
In reviewing a motion for a directed verdict, this Court is required to view the evidence, and all legitimate inferences emanating from that evidence, in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party. If reasonable minds could not differ on the meaning of the evidence the motion is correctly granted. Bosca v J A Ferguson Construction Co, 79 Mich App 177; 261 NW2d 249 (1977), Dowell v General Telephone Co of Michigan, 85 Mich App 84; 270 NW2d 711 (1978), Beals v Walker, 98 Mich App 214; 296 NW2d 828 (1980). Thus, the question becomes whether plaintiff presented evidence sufficient to raise a jury question on his theory of right of control.
The general rule is that an owner of property is not liable to an employee of a contractor for negligence. If, however, the owner retains control of the work, liability may be imposed for the contractor's negligence. Funk v General Motors Corp, 392 Mich 91; 220 NW2d 641 (1974). The evidence presented by plaintiff on the issue of control consisted primarily of the deposition testimony of Earl Harén, Great Lakes' safety supervisor, which was read into evidence, and of certain contractual provisions.
Harén testified that he would inspect the job site and report any unsafe conditions which he observed to Great Lakes' field engineer. The testimony indicated, however, that Valley had a construction superintendent who was responsible for taking care of any of the problems which arose. The contract provisions basically provided that Great Lakes would have the right to inspect the site and make safety investigations, to reject subcontractors chosen by Valley, to make changes in specifications and design, and to take over the completion of the work if there was a failure on the part of Valley to perform. The evidence does not indicate that Great Lakes retained the right to exercise any substantive control over how Valley performed its work. This Court finds that on the basis of this evidence the directed verdict was properly granted in Great Lakes' favor.
The circumstances of the instant case must be contrasted with those of cases where it was determined that the owner retained control sufficient to subject it to liability. In Bissell v Ford, 176 Mich 64; 141 NW 860 (1913), the evidence showed that the owner, through its architect, retained the right to partially control the work of the contract. In Funk, the evidence showed that the owner assumed a "dominant role" in the construction job, including extensive day-to-day supervision. The owner, the Court noted, did more than merely observe whether the contract was being properly performed. In many instances, what the owner said or did not say determined how the work would be performed. Funk, supra, 108. In McDonough v General Motors Corp, 388 Mich 430; 201 NW2d 609 (1972), the evidence showed that the owner reserved to itself some measure of influence or control over the way the work was to be done. In Dowell, the evidence showed that an employee of the owner was on the job site, perhaps in a supervisory role, that the owner drew up the blueprints for the work to be done, furnished some of the equipment to be used, and, because the undertaking was particularly within its knowledge and expertise, was better acquainted with all aspects of the assigned tasks than was the contractor. These cases indicate that some sort of substantive control must be maintained by the owner over the contractor's work in order to render the owner liable for an injury to a contractor's employee.
In contrast to the above cases, this Court has held that a contractual right to terminate anyone who did not comply with the owner's rules and regulations was insufficient as a matter of law to constitute "control" of the work. Erickson v Pure Oil Corp, 72 Mich App 330; 249 NW2d 411 (1976). Similarly, this Court has held that the specification of safety requirements in a contract is alone insufficient as a matter of law to constitute control. Markward & Karafilis, Inc v Detroit Osteopathic Hospital Corp, 77 Mich App 728; 258 NW2d 161 (1977). This Court finds that the control exercised by Great Lakes in the instant case was no more than mere contractual control, safety inspections, and general oversight. The owner must retain the right to partially control and direct the actual construction work. In the instant case, the contractual control and the testimony of Harén were insufficient as a matter of law to raise a jury question under the theory of degree of control. The trial court correctly granted a directed verdict in favor of Great Lakes.
Affirmed.
R. M. Maher, J., concurred.