Case Name: Reuling's Extx, &c. v. Reuling, &c.
Court: Kentucky Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Kentucky
Decision Date: 1910-03-16
Citations: 137 Ky. 637
Docket Number: 
Parties: Reuling’s Extx, &c. v. Reuling, &c.
Judges: 
Reporter: Kentucky Reports
Volume: 137
Pages: 637–641

Head Matter:
CASE 76. — ACTION BY GEORGE REULING, JR., AND ANOTHER AGAINST MAGGIE REULING EXECUTRIX OF GEORGE REULING, SR., AND OTHERS. —
March 16, 1910.
Reuling’s Extx, &c. v. Reuling, &c.
AppeiJ from Jefferson Circuit Court (Chancery Branch, First Division).
Shackelford Miller, Judge.
From the judgment defendants appeal. —
Affirmed.
1. Wills — Construction—'Life Estates — “Dying Without Child or Issue.” — Where an estate is devised to one for life with remainder to another, with the provision that, if the remainder-man should die without child or issue, then to a third person, the words “dying without child or issue” are restricted to the death of the remainderman before the termination of the particular estate.
2. Wills — Construction—Statutes.—Ky. St. section 4839, providing that a will shall he construed with reference to the real and personal estate comprised in it, to speak and take effect •as if it had. been executed immediately before testator’s death, unless a contrary intention appears by the will, was enacted for the purpose of making the will effective as to after-acquired property and has no bearing on the character of estate devised.
3. Wills — ’Construction.—The intention of a testator when he wrote should govern in the construction of his will, and in arriving at such intention the -language of the will must be construed in the light of the circumstances surrounding testator when the will was prepared.
4. Wills — Construction—Nature of Estate. — Testator gave a life •estate to his wife, providing that on her death part of the esate should go to his daughter in trust for his son, and that in case of the latter’s death without issue his part -should revert to his brothers and sisters. Held that, the trust being a dry one, testator intended that his son should take an absolute estate, if he survived the life tenant, and the death of the latter before testator simply had the effect of making 'absolute an estate which, prior to that time, was merely defeasible, and the son was entitled to have the trust set aside.
D'ODD & DODD for appellants.
KOH'N, BAIRD, SLOSS & KOHN for appellees.

Opinion:
Opinion of the Court by
William Rogers Clay, Commissioner.
— Affirming.
This appeal involves the' construction of the will of George Reuling, Sr., who died a resident of Jefferson county on May 16, 1909. The will-in question was executed by the testator on September 10, 1894. On October 19, 1895, a codicil was added thereto. The first clause directed the payment of the testator's debts. The second clause of the will is as follows: "I will and bequeath and devise all of my estate, real and personal and mixed, which may be left after paying any debt I may leave, to my beloved wife, Elizabeth Reuling, during her natural life, -provided that she remains my widow and should she marry again after my death, then she shall have only such interest in my estate as she will then be entitled to (if any) under the laws of Kentucky." By the third clause of his will the testator provided that one of his farms should be reserved after his wife's death as a homestead for his children or two stepdaughters so long as any of them remained unmarried. By the fourth clause he provided that the balance of his estate should be sold upon the death of his wife or her remarriage, and converted into cash and divided into eight equal parts. Four of these parts he gave tó four of his children; one of them he gave to a son, then dead, which passed to the latter's child; one he divided between two of his stepdaughters; one he conveyed in trust for his (laughter, Caroline Reuling, andthe remaining 1-8 was disposed of in the following language: "One-eightli part thereof I will to my daughter, Maggie Reuling, in trust for my son, George Reuling, Jr." The will also contains the following provision in regard to the estate devised to George Reuling, Jr.: "Should my son, George Rueling, Jr., die without issue, his part shall revert to his brothers and sisters." The other provisions of the will it will be unnecessary to set out. Mrs. Reuling, the testator's wife, died before the testator. This action was instituted by George Reuling, Jr., and his wife against Maggie Reuling, executrix of the last will and testament of George Reuling, Sr., and trustee of George Reuling, Jr., and others, for the purpose of having determined the character of estate which he took under his father's will. The chancellor held that George Reuling, Jr., took the absolute estate in the estate devised to him, and Maggie Reuling, the executrix, etc., and others appeal.
In a long line of decisions this court has held that, where an estate is devised to one for life, with remainder to another, with the further provision that, if the remainderman should die witjiout child or issue, then to a third person, the rule is that the words "dying without child or issue" are restricted to the death of the remainderman before the termination
of the particular estate. Bradshaw v. Butler, 110 S. W. 420, 33 Ky. Law Rep. 531; Harvey v. Bell, 118 Ky. 521, 81 S. W. 671, 26 Ky. Law Rep. 381; Rice v. Rice, 118 S. W. 270.
It is insisted, however, that this rule has no application to the case at bar, for the.reason that Mrs. Reuling, the life tenant, was dead at the time the will was probated. From this it is argued that the testator plainly intended that the property in ques tion should revert to George Reuling, Jr.'s brothers and sisters if he at any time died without issue. In this connection we are referred to section 4839, Ky. St., which provides as follows: ££A will'shall be construed, with reference to the real and personal estate comprised in it, to speak and take effect as if it had been executed immediately before the death of the testator, unless a contrary intention shall appear by the will." This statute was enacted for the purpose of making the will effective as to after-acquired property; it has no bearing upon the character of estate devised by will. Perry v. Perry, 110 Ky. 16, 60 S. W. 855, 22 Ky. Law Rep. 1513. The rule that the meaning of a testator when he wrote should govern in the construction of a will has always prevailed in this court. Maupin and Wife v. Goodloe, 6 T. B. Mon. 399. In every case the intention of the testator must be sought, and to arrive at his intention we must construe the language of the will in the light of the circumstances surrounding him at the time the will was prepared. If the testator meant that George Reuling, Jr., should take an absolute estate in case he survived the life tenant, the fact that the, latter died before the testator could not change the intention theretofore formed apd expressed in the will. The death of Mrs. Reuling simply had the effect of making absolute an estate which, prior to that time, was merely defeasible; it did not have the effect of changing the character of the estate which the testator at the time of the making of the will intended his son should have.
As the trust in question is a dry trust, with a naked legal title in the trustee and the unqualified beneficial interest in the appellee, we conclude that he was entitled to have the trust set aside. Woolley v. Preston, 82 Ky. 415; Pink v. Metcalfe, 83 S. W. 643, 26 Ky. Law Rep. 1263; Adams, Trustee, v. Adams, etc., 56 S. W. 151, 21 Ky. Law Rep. 1756; United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. Douglas' Trustee, 120 S. W. 328.
Judgment affirmed.