Case Name: Barrington SMALLHORNE, Appellant v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-05-10
Citations: 179 F. App'x 852
Docket Number: No. 05-1898
Parties: Barrington SMALLHORNE, Appellant v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 179
Pages: 852–855

Head Matter:
Barrington SMALLHORNE, Appellant v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES.
No. 05-1898.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Submitted under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a) — Jan. 23, 2006.
Decided May 10, 2006.
Stephen J. Britt, Donnelly & Associates, Conshohocken, PA, for Appellant.
Anthony J. Labruna, Jr., Office of United States Attorney, Newark, NJ, for Appellee.
Before RENDELL and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges, and POLLAK, District Judge.
Because we have converted the present case into a petition for direct review, we are required to substitute the Attorney General for the current respondent (Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security). 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(3)(A).
Honorable Louis H. Poliak, District Judge for the United States District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.

Opinion:
OPINION
POLLAK, District Judge:
Appellant Barrington Smallhorne appeals an order of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey denying Smallhorne's petition for habeas corpus.
Because we write primarily for the parties, who are presumably familiar with the facts and procedural history of the case, we will summarize the facts and history of the case only briefly. Smallhorne, a citizen of Jamaica, was admitted to the United States as an immigrant in December 1979. In 1993, he was convicted in New York of criminal possession of a weapon and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree. He was convicted of a similar drug offense in 1996. As a result of these convictions, removal proceedings were instituted against Smallhorne, and he was detained and transferred to a detention center in Oakdale, Louisiana. There, on September 12, 1997, an immigration judge determined Small-home had been convicted of an aggravated felony and therefore ordered him removed. Smallhorne appealed to the BIA, but his appeal was dismissed by order dated January 19, 2000. Smallhorne later moved the BIA to reconsider, which the BIA declined to do by order dated June 22, 2000. The record does not indicate that Smallhorne appealed either of these decisions.
For reasons not made clear by the record, Smallhorne was released from INS custody at some point, but he was rearrested and taken into custody in New Jersey on October 7, 2004. After his rearrest, on October 22, 2004, Smallhorne filed a motion to reopen his case with the BIA. The BIA denied that motion on November 24, 2004. On December 6, 2004, Smallhorne filed a petition for habeas corpus in federal court in New Jersey. The District Court denied Smallhorne's petition on March 8, 2005, finding it lacked jurisdiction to review, under the auspices of a petition for habeas corpus, the BIA's exer cise of discretion in denying a motion to reopen. On March 19, 2005, Smallhorne filed a notice of appeal.
On May 11, 2005, the President signed into law the so-called "Real ID Act." Pub.L. No. 109-13, 119 Stat. 231. Among other things, the Real ID Act dramatically alters the regime of judicial review of removal orders by providing that, except in very limited circumstances, "a petition for review filed with an appropriate court of appeals . shall be the sole and exclusive means for judicial review of an order of removal...." 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5). District courts therefore no longer have authority to entertain habeas corpus petitions that challenge removal orders. See Bonhometre v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 442, 445-46 (3d Cir.2005); Jordon v. Attorney Gen., 424 F.3d 320, 326 (3d Cir.2005).
On July 15, 2005, just days after briefing in the instant case was completed, this Court considered how to proceed in a procedural situation akin to Smallhorne's. See Bonhometre, 414 F.3d 442. In Bonhometre, we noted that "[i]n the Real ID Act . Congress was silent as to what was to be done with an appeal from a district court habeas decision that is now pending before a court of appeals." Id. at 446. We went on to decide that such petitions "are properly converted to petitions for review and retained by this Court" and are evaluated as if the district court opinion did not exist. Id. Smallhorne's petition, like Bonhometre's, was pending before this Court on the day the Real ID Act was signed into law, and we therefore convert it to a petition for review.
The sole argument presented by Smallhorne in his brief on appeal from the District Court order denying his habeas petition is that none of his New York convictions, considered independently or in combination, amount to an "aggravated felony" within the meaning of the INA, and he therefore should have been eligible for cancellation of removal. In relying on this argument, Smallhorne ignores the procedural posture of this case. Smallhorne's petition for habeas corpus requested relief from the BIA's refusal to reopen his case, not the BIA's dismissal of his appeal on the merits (i.e.—the BIA's determination that his New York drug convictions constituted an aggravated felony). Absent exceptional circumstances, we do not consider issues on appeal that were not raised with the District Court. Continental Casualty Co. v. D'Andrea, 150 F.3d 245, 251 (3d Cir.1998). Smallhorne points to no exceptional circumstances that would justify our departure from the general rule in this case — indeed, Smallhorne fails even to acknowledge that he did not raise before the District Court the argument he presents in this appeal. It is true that Bonhometre instructs us to ignore the District Court opinion in cases, such as this one, that are converted to petitions for direct review. However, Bonhometre does not require us to turn a blind eye to the histo ry of the case before us. While we will, in conformity with Bonhometre, vacate the District Court's opinion and consider this case as if that opinion did not exist, we see no reason to disregard the fact that Smallhorne's challenge to the merits of the removal order against him is made for the first time in this appeal. We will not consider that challenge, as it was not presented in the petition filed by Smallhorne in the District Court.
The only matter properly before this court is the issue that was presented to the District Court—namely, the propriety of the BIA's denial of Smallhorne's motion to reopen. A motion to reopen a case in the BIA is governed by 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c), which provides, with certain exceptions not applicable here, that a "motion [to reopen] must be filed no later than 90 days after the date on which the final administrative decision was rendered in the proceeding sought to be reopened." Smallhorne filed his motion to reopen with the BIA at least four years too late. We therefore discern no error in the BIA's denial of the motion to reopen. We will deny the petition for review.
. Smallhorne did file a petition for habeas corpus on July 7, 2000 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. However, that proceeding was dismissed without prejudice by stipulation of the parties pending the outcome of Calcano-Martinez v. INS, 232 F.3d 328 (2d Cir.2000), which was then pending before the Court of Appeals. According to the government, the stipulation specified that, if Smallhorne failed to reinstate his petition within 30 days of the Court of Appeals' decision in Calcano-Martinez, his petition would be deemed dismissed with prejudice. The government represents that Smallhorne never reinstated his petition, and therefore it was dismissed with prejudice. Smallhorne does not dispute this assertion.
. Having been so converted, Smallhome's case faces an additional procedural oddity created by the Real ID Act. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(2), as amended, instructs that petitions for review "shall be filed with the court of appeals for the judicial circuit in which the immigration judge completed the proceedings." Smallhorne's removal proceedings were conducted in Louisiana, within the geographic reach of the Fifth Circuit. However, § 1252(b)(2) is a venue provision, not a jurisdictional provision, and, under circumstances similar to those presented here, this court has retained cases despite this technical defect in venue. See Bonhometre, 414 F.3d at 446 n. 5; Belizaire v. Att'y General, 152 Fed. Appx. 258, 259 n. 1 (3d Cir.2005). We will follow suit and decide Smallhorne's case.
. The BIA's merits ruling was referred to, and characterized as erroneous, in the habeas petition, but that was not the asserted BIA error on which petitioner grounded his claim of entitlement to habeas relief.
. See note 3, supra.
. While that issue was not addressed in the brief filed on Smallhome's behalf in this Court, we will consider the issue since it was the focus of the habeas petition that initiated the litigation now before us.