Case Name: Gene C. STEELE, et al., Appellants, v. John B. McDONALD, et al., Appellees
Court: Texas Courts of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 2006-10-18
Citations: 202 S.W.3d 926
Docket Number: No. 10-05-00266-CV
Parties: Gene C. STEELE, et al., Appellants, v. John B. McDONALD, et al., Appellees.
Judges: Before Chief Justice GRAY, Justice VANCE, and Justice REYNA.
Reporter: South Western Reporter Third Series
Volume: 202
Pages: 926–931

Head Matter:
Gene C. STEELE, et al., Appellants, v. John B. McDONALD, et al., Appellees.
No. 10-05-00266-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Waco.
Oct. 18, 2006.
Brice B. Beale, The Beale Law Firm, Houston, for appellants.
James V. Fulcher, Attorney At Law, Teague, Jon Miller, Rodgers, Miller & McLain, Bryan, Clay R. Vilt, Attorney At Law, Gus G. Tamborello, Attorney At Law, W. Robert Brown, Attorney At Law, Houston, Richard L. Tate, Attorney At Law, Richmond, James C. Boone, Attorney At Law, Palestine, for appellees.
Before Chief Justice GRAY, Justice VANCE, and Justice REYNA.

Opinion:
ORDER
PER CURIAM.
There are four appellants in this case: Gene C. Steele as an individual, Gene C. Steele as Independent Executor of the Estate of William B. Duke, Sally Steele (Gene's wife), and Tom F. Simmons. When the appeal was perfected, all four were represented by Brice B. Beale. However, Gene has now discharged Beale, but it is unclear whether Sally or Tom has and whether Gene has in his capacity as Independent Executor of the Duke Estate. Because of the current uncertainty regarding Beale's status, we will order Beale to either (1) file a written response indicating that he continues to represent some or all of the appellants, a notice of non-representation, or a motion to withdraw; or (2) appear in this Court and show cause why his representation of any of the appellants should continue.
The Clerk of this Court advised Beale by letter dated July 11, 2006 that the appellants' brief he filed on June 12, 2006 is deficient. The letter notified Beale that an amended brief correcting the deficiencies identified must be filed within twenty-one days or the brief would be struck. To date, Beale has not filed an amended brief or otherwise responded to the Clerk's notice. Accordingly, the brief Beale filed on June 12, 2006 is struck. See Tex.R.App. P. 9.4(i).
Representation of Individuals
Gene notified the Clerk of this Court by letter dated August 16 that "Brice B. Beale, attorney of record for the appellants, has been released as counsel."
"A client can discharge an attorney at any time, with or without cause." In re Users Sys. Servs., Inc., 22 S.W.3d 331, 335 (Tex.1999) (orig.proceeding); accord Tex. DISCIPLINARY R. PROF'L Conduct 1.15(a)(3) & emt. 4, reprinted, in Tex. Gov't Code Ann., tit. 2, subtit. G app. A (Vernon 2005) (Tex. State BáR R. art. X, § 9). A formal motion to withdraw is not required to effectuate the client's intentions in this regard. See Users Sys. Servs., 22 S.W.3d at 335-36.
According to Gene at least, the appealing parties have terminated Beale's representation. Gene states that he will be representing himself. He provides his name and address as "Appellants Pro-SE contact information." However, because Gene is not licensed to practice law, he is prohibited from representing his co-appellants. See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 81.102 (Vernon 2005); Jimison v. Mann, 957 S.W.2d 860, 861-62 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1997, order) (per curiam). Therefore, Sally and Tom either continue to be represented by Beale, which appears unlikely in light of Gene's letter, or they are not currently represented in this matter.
Representation of the Independent Executor
It is not at all clear whether Gene may appear pro se as an independent executor. Rule of Civil Procedure 7 states, "Any party to a suit may appear and prosecute or defend his rights therein, either in person or by an attorney of the court." Tex.R. Crv. P. 7 (emphasis added). A plain reading of Rule 7 suggests that Gene may not appear pro se as Independent Executor of the Duke Estate because in this role he is litigating rights in a representative capacity rather than on his own behalf. Our research has not disclosed a Texas case involving the representative of a decedent's estate prosecuting a suit in behalf of the estate pro se.
Courts in other jurisdictions which have addressed this issue have virtually all concluded that the representative of an estate may not appear pro se in behalf of the estate. See Godwin v. State ex rel. McKnight, 784 So.2d 1014, 1015 (Ala.2000); Davenport v. Lee, 348 Ark. 148, 72 S.W.3d 85, 90-91 (2002); Ratcliffe v. Apantaku, 318 Ill.App.3d 621, 252 Ill.Dec. 305, 742 N.E.2d 843, 847 (2000); State v. Simanonok, 539 A.2d 211, 212-13 (Me.1988) (per curiam); Waite v. Carpenter, 1 Neb.App. 321, 496 N.W.2d 1, 3-4 (1992); Kasharian v. Wilentz, 93 N.J.Super. 479, 226 A.2d 437, 438-39 (1967) (per curiam); Brown v. Coe, 365 S.C. 137, 616 S.E.2d 705, 708 (2005); State ex rel. Baker v. County Ct. of Rock County, 29 Wis.2d 1, 138 N.W.2d 162, 166 (1965); see also Jones v. Correctional Med. Servs., Inc., 401 F.3d 950, 951-52 (8th Cir.2005) (representative of estate may not proceed pro se if estate has other beneficiaries or creditors); Shepherd v. Wellman, 313 F.3d 963, 970-71 (6th Cir.2002) (same); Iannaccone v. Law, 142 F.3d 553, 559 (2d Cir.1998) (same); contra Reshard v. Britt, 819 F.2d 1573, 1582-83 (11th Cir.1987), vacated en banc by an equally divided court, 839 F.2d 1499 (11th Cir.1988) (per curiam).
Consistent with these authorities, we hold that Gene may not prosecute this appeal pro se in his capacity as Independent Executor of the Duke Estate. Thus, Gene as Independent Executor is either represented by Beale or not currently represented in this matter.
Determination of Representation
Beale is the person best situated to resolve the ambiguity regarding the current representation of Sally and Tom as individuals and of Gene as Independent Executor.
Accordingly, we ORDER Brice B. Beale to file, within fifteen (15) days after the date of this Order, either (i) a written response indicating that he continues to represent some or all of the appellants, (ii) a non-representation notice under Rule of Appellate Procedure Rule 6.4, or (iii) a motion to withdraw under Rule of Appellate Procedure 6.5. If none of these documents is timely filed, Brice B. Beale must appear on November 15, 2006, at 9:00 a.m., when this Court is in session at the Tenth Court of Appeals, McLennan County Courthouse, 501 Washington, Room 404, Waco, Texas, to show cause why his representation of some or all of the appellants should continue.
FAILURE OF BRICE B. BEALE TO COMPLY WITH THIS ORDER MAY RESULT IN THE ISSUANCE OF A JUDGMENT OF CONTEMPT.
The Court orders that this Order be personally served on Brice B. Beale by overnight delivery via a commercial delivery service within the meaning of Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.5(b).
Appellant's Brief
Gene filed a pro se brief on July 27 which purports to have been filed on behalf of Sally and Tom as individuals and on behalf of himself as Independent Executor. However, Gene is prohibited by law from filing a brief on behalf of the other appealing parties. See Tex. Gov t Code Ann. § 81.102; Jimison, 957 S.W.2d at 861-62. Thus, no appellant's brief is currently on file for Sally, Tom, or Gene as Independent Executor.
Gene's brief also suffers from one of the same deficiencies as the brief filed by Beale — the omission of an appendix with the "necessary contents" prescribed by Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.1(j)(l). See Tex.R.App. P. 38.1(j)(l). Therefore, Gene is hereby notified that, if he fails to file the original and five copies of an appendix containing the "necessary contents" within twenty-one (21) days after the date of this Order, his pro se brief will be struck, and the appeal will proceed as if no appellant's brief had been filed on Gene's behalf. Id. 9.3(a)(1)(C), 9.4(i), 38.8(a), 38.9(a).
With regard to an appellant's brief to be filed on behalf of Sally and/or Tom as individuals and Gene as Independent Executor, no brief will be required until it is determined which of them is represented by counsel and which are appearing pro se.
Appellees' Brief
Appellees filed a brief in response to Gene's brief on August 30. They have also filed a motion to dismiss the appeal, in which they request damages under Rule of Appellate Procedure 45 based on their contention that this is a frivolous appeal. However, this motion will not be considered until the issues surrounding Appellants' representation are resolved. Appellees will be permitted to file a supplemental or amended brief as necessary.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Chief Justice GRAY dissenting.
. Tom has co-signed with Gene the "Appellants' Rebuttal to Brief of Appellee Floyd Duke, Jr." and another pleading. His actions in this regard provide further indication that he has terminated Beale's representation and is representing himself. Tom identifies himself as "Thomas E. Simmons" in these pleadings. However, he was identified in the notice of appeal as "Tom F. Simmons." We will continue to use the name used in the notice of appeal, unless Tom establishes that it is a misnomer.
. Texas courts have consistently held that a non-attorney may not appear pro se in behalf of a corporation. See, e.g., Kunstoplast of Am., Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, 937 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex.1996) (per curiam).
. Although Gene cannot engage in the unauthorized practice of law by filing a brief on behalf of his co-appellants, the appellate rules do permit parties to adopt by reference a brief filed by another party. See TexR.App. P. 9.7. However, neither Sally nor Tom has done so. Because Gene as Independent Executor cannot prosecute this appeal pro se, he likewise cannot, as Independent Executor, adopt by reference the pro se brief he filed in his own behalf. Tom's co-signature on the "rebuttal" brief does not adopt by reference Gene's pro se brief.
. Rule 38.l(j)(l) provides:
Necessary Contents. Unless voluminous or impracticable, the appendix must contain a copy of:
(A) the trial court's judgment or other ap-pealable order from which relief is sought;
(B) the jury charge and verdict, if any, or the trial court's findings of fact and conclusions of law, if any; and
(C) the text of any rule, regulation, ordinance, statute, constitutional provision, or other law (excluding case law) on which the argument is based, and the text of any contract or other document that is central to the argument.
TexR.App. P. 38.1 (j)(l). Local Rule 13 further provides, "Every 'necessary' and 'optional' appendix must have an index and each appended document must be preceded by a numbered or lettered tab." 10th TexApp. (Waco) Loe. R. 13.
. Because of the uncertainty regarding who currently represents Sally, Tom, and Gene as Independent Executor, they will each be served with a copy of this Order, as will counsel for Appellees.