Case Name: Dailey v. Reynolds
Court: Iowa Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Iowa
Decision Date: 1854
Citations: 4 Greene 354
Docket Number: 
Parties: Dailey v. Reynolds.
Judges: 
Reporter: Reports of Cases in Law and Equity, Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Iowa
Volume: 4
Pages: 354–356

Head Matter:
Dailey v. Reynolds.
In an action of slander, words arc per so actionable, where they charge a woman “of being a bad character," and “guilty of fornication;" and where such words were spoken falsely and maliciously of a feme sole, she is entitled to recover without averring or proving special damages.
Appeal from Lee District Court.

Opinion:
Opinion by
Hall, J.
The plaintiff in this case brought her action of slander against the defendant. The petition sets out in addition to the usual inducement, that the plaintiff was, at the time of the speaking of the words by defendant, a school teacher, and was engaged in teaching female children, and relied upon such occupation and business, to gain a living. The words'charged as slanderous were '1 that she ' — meaning plaintiff — " was not a virtuous woman." " That he," defend'ant, " believed from what he understood, that she was not a virtuous woman, but was guilty of fornication." In an amended petition, the words are charged, that the defendant spoke and published of, and concerning plaintiff these words: "Miss Dailey,as he believed from information he had received, was a had character, namely, that said Dailey, was guilty of fornication, and that he —defendant,—ivas well satisfied that such was the fact. That she, Miss Dailey, had taken hold of 1ns — defendants— arm, and urged him into her room and had placed her arm around his neck, and wanted to kiss him. That he told her it was not right and she replied there was no harm in it." The petition alleges as a consequence the loss of employment as a teacher, general injury to her character and great distress of mind and loss of health.
To this petition, the defendant demurred, on the ground that the words as charged, were not actionable per se, and that no special damages were alleged in the petition. The demurrer was sustained as to the first count, but overruled aa to the second on the ground that the allegation of loss of employment as a teacher, was sufficient to'resist a demurrer. The [defendant then moved the court for more specific allegationsjn relatioivto the loss of employment by defendant, as[a, teacher, which tho'court sustained. Exceptions were [taken'by'qdain tiff, and these rulings of the court, are now assigned for error.
In many of the states of this Union, and in England, it has been decided by the courts, that to charge a female with a want of virtue and chastity, is not per ^actionable, and if this questionfis to be decided by the number of authorities, we would be compelled to sanction,a proposition that would have nothing else to recommend it, and which society as now constituted shrink from, with [a repugnance bordering upon horror. A female against whom the want of chasfhy is established, is at once driven beyond the reach of every courtesy and charity of life, and almost beyond the portals of humanity. By common consent, such an imputation is everywhere treated as the deepest insult and vilest, charge, that could be given or inflicted upon the victim or her friends, and the bowie knife or the cord, must wipe out the stain, and punish the offender. It is folly to contend that it is no violation of our penal law's, for a female to throw herself awTay by prostitution; and consequently, not slander falsely and maliciously to fix that character upon unprotected innocence. Our whole natures rise up in rebellion against such a revolting proposition.
The Code, § 2709, provides that, 'k if any man and woman not being married to'each other, lew'dly and. lasciviously associate and cohabit together, or if any man or woman married or unmarried, is guilty of open and gross lewdness, &c., such person shall be subject to fine or impritr onment." The words set forth in this petition may not be sufficient to susmin an indictment against Miss Dailey, under this section of the Code. The charge is too general; but if it is true that she is guilty of fornication and adultery, if she is not. a virtuous woman, andids of bad character, how much less is the charge, than á charge of lewd and lascivious association and cohabitation. Does it not in fact amount to both; and how much additional evidence would it recpire in order to convict her under this section of the Code? Deduce the general charge to particular evidence, prove to a jury that the defendant was guilty of fornication,, prove that she was not a virtuous woman, that she had yielded her person to the promiscuous embraces of those who saw fit to solicit her to the act, and even become the solicitor herself; reduce those acts by particular evidence, and what jury would fail to convict her of lewd and lascivious associations and cohabitation. In either view of this caso, we cannot but think the words charged in the petition, actionable j?er an, and they having been falsely and maliciously spoken of the plaintiff, by the defendant, she is entitled to recover damages, without proving special damages.
ClaggeU and Dixon, for appellant.
, Turner and Edwards, for appellee.
The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the cause remanded for trial.
Judgment reversed.