Case Name: In the Matter of the Transfer Tax upon the Estate of Ella S. Hoffman, deceased
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1894-03
Citations: 58 N.Y. St. Rep. 699
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of the Transfer Tax upon the Estate of Ella S. Hoffman, deceased.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 58
Pages: 699–703

Head Matter:
In the Matter of the Transfer Tax upon the Estate of Ella S. Hoffman, deceased.
(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
Filed March, 1894.)
1. Taxes — Tbanseeb.
A bequest of the income of a fund to testator’s mother is exempt from the transfer tax, if its present value does not exceed $10,000.
2. Same — Contingent intebest.
No appraisement of a contingent interest should be attempted to be made, or any tax imposed thereon, until such interest becomes vested in possession.
3. Same — Costs.
The allowance of costs to the comptroller, in such proceeding, rests in the sound discretion of the surrogate.
Appeal from order or decree of the Surrogate’s Court, assessing and fixing the transfer tax on the property and interest devised under the will of Ella S. Hoffman, deceased.
Adrian H. Joline, for executors appl’ts; Charles H. Daniels, for Olga Sandford, app’lt; Thomas F. Gilroy, Jr., for resp’t.

Opinion:
O Breen, J.
Ella S. Hoffman died November 7, 1892, leaving a last will and testament, which was admitted to probate on the 9th day of December, 1892. As the assessment and tax with respect to the residuary estate is not in question here, and the only questions that arise are those presented by the fourth clause of the will, that only need be quoted. That clause provides as follows:
"Fourth. I give, devise and bequeath, to my executors and trustees, hereinafter named, and to their survivors and survivor of them and to their successors and successor, the sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000.00), to have and to hold the same as long as my mother, Lucinda E. Starkweather, and my daughter, Ella H. Sandford, or either of them, shall live, upon the following trusts, viz:
"To invest the same, and to keep the same invested, in bonds or stocks of the government of the United States, or of the state or city and County of New York; or in bonds secured by mortgage upon improved real estate, or in the mortgage bonds of railroad companies in good standing and repute; hereby giving my executors and trustees, or a majority of them, who shall be acting as such, and their successor or successors, full authority to change any investments so made whenever, in his or their opinion, it shall be for the interest of the trust hereby created.
"To collect the rents, income and profits arising from said fifty thousand dollars, directed to be invested as aforesaid, as long as my said mother and daughter,, or either of them, shall live.
"To pay over to my mother, Lucinda E. Starkweather, as long as she shall live, the net income arising from said fifty thousand dollars hereinbefore directed to be invested, in as nearly as may be equal quarterly payments.
"In case of the death of my said mother during the lifetime of my said daughter, Ella H. Sanford, I hereby direct that, from and after the death of my said mother, the net income arising from said fifty thousand dollars, hereinbefore directed to be invested, be paid to my said daughter as long as she shall live, and, upon her death, I direct that said fifty thousand dollars be paid to her issue, if any shall then be living; but if she shall die without leaving any issue her surviving, she having survived my said mother, then, upon her death without issue her surviving, I direct that one-half of said fifty thousand dollars be paid over to my niece, Miss Alice Eeid, daughter of George W. Beid, or to her personal representatives, if she be then dead, and the remaining one-half thereof to my niece, Mrs. Cora Marsh, wife of Joseph Marsh, or to her legal representatives, if she then be dead.
"In case my said daughter shall not be living at the death of my said mother, upon the death of my said mother I direct that said fifty thousand dollars bs paid over to the issue of my said daughter, if any issue shall then be living; but if, at the death of my said mother, my said daughter shall be dead, and no issue of my said daughter shall then be living, I direct that one-lialf of said fifty thousand dollars be paid over to my said niece, Miss Alice Reid, or to her legal representative if she then be dead, and the remaining one-half thereof be paid over to my said niece, Mrs. Cora Marsh, or to her legal representatives if she be then dead."
The appraiser reported, and the order declared that the cash value of the property transferred by' the will and subject to the of the tax, was as follows:
1. Income for life of $50,000 to Mrs. Starkweather.. $9,385 00
2. Income of $50,000 after Mrs. Starkweather's death,
and for balance of life of Ella H. Sandford..... 25,428 00
8. Remainder interest in $50,000 after death of two
life tenants, to issue of Ella.................. 15,187 00
4. Income for life in residuary estate to Ella....... 310,383 00
5. Remainder interest in residue to grandchildren sur-
viving, or in default thereof to nieces.......... 140,329 92
The taxes assessed and declared to be presently payable were as follows:
Beneficiary. Tax assessed.
Lucinda R. Starkweather........................ $93 85
Ella H. Sandford ($50,U00 bequest)............... 254 28
" " (residuary) . 3,103 83
Olga Sandford................................. . 151 87
The appellants do not dispute the valuation of the securities; the appeal relates only to the assessment and tax upon the various interests in the fund of fifty thousand dollars and the income thereof.
The appellants insist:
1. That the fair market value of the legacy of income to Mrs. Starkweather being less than ten thousand dollars it is exempt from the transfer tax.
2. That the legacy of the income to Ella II. Sandford after the death of Mrs. Starkweather has no ascertainable " fair market value," because it is wholly contingent upon Ella surviving Mrs. Starkweather.
3. That the contingent remainder to Olga Sandford, only child of Ella H. Sandford, is not at present taxable.
4 That it was error to allow costs to the comptroller.
With regard to the first of these contentions, it is conceded that the property passing to the mother of the testatrix is personal property of the value of less than $10,000
By § 2, chapter 399, of the Laws of 1892, it is provided that " when the property or any beneficial interest therein passes by any such transfer to or for the use of any mother -x- # 0f the decedent, grantor, donor or vendor such transfer of property shall not be taxable under this act. unless it is personal próperty of the value of ten thousand dollars or more, in which case it shall be taxable under this act at the rate of one per centum upon the clear market value of such property."
Section 11 provides that " the surrogate shall as often as. and whenever occasion may require, appoint a competent person as appraiser to fix the actual market value at the time of the-transfer thereof of the property of persons whose estates shall be subject to the payment of any tax imposed by this act."
Section 22 provides that " The words 'estate ' and ' property,' as used in this act shall be taken to mean the property or interest therein of the testator, intestate, grantor, bargainor or vendor, passing or transferred to those not herein specifically exempted from the provisions of this act, and not as the property or interest therein passing or transferred to individual legatees, devisees,, heirs, next of kin, grantees, donees or vendees."
It is from the definition of the words "estate " and "property,"' as used in § 22, that the surrogate reached the conclusion that if the property of the testator which passed to the individual legatees exceeded $10,000, then it could be taxed, notwithstanding that less than that amount might have gone to an individual legatee who, under the1 express provisions of the act, was exempt..
We think that in this the learned surrogate fell into error by not keeping in mind that it was the intent and spirit of the act to-fix a tax, not upon the property of the testator, but upon the property that was transferred to individual legatees, and also in failing to note that the statute was intended to create an exemption from "taxation in favor of those who stood in" such a relation to the testator that they were the natural objects of his bounty, and entitled to receive out of his estate, free from taxation, any sum that he might see fit to bequeath to them, provided such amount should not exceed $10,000. It will also be noted that the language of the act favors the construction that it is not the property that passes from the testator, but the property that is transferred to an individual, which is taxed, This distinction is pointed out in the Matter of Howe, 112 N. Y. 100 ; 20 St. Rep. 477, wherein the court said : " The tax is not imposed upon the estate of which she was seized or possessed, but only upon so much of it as passes to certain persons—not all persons or any person. There are many other provisions of the act, all tending to show that it is simply the share or shares of the beneficiary acquired through the will which is to be valued, and the duty estimated according to its value."
With regard to the second and third questions, a reference to the fourth clause of the will will show that it creates two future estates to take effect in the alternative, and the right in possession to "the remainder being contingent, it .is impossible to designate the person liable to pay the tax. We can see no distinction between the facts here appearing and those in the Case of Curtis, 56 St. Rep. 113, where it was held that no appraisement of the contingent interest should be attempted to be made, or any tax imposed thereon, until such interest became vested in possession, and, by a removal of the contingency, the rate of taxation and beneficiary could be determined.
As to the contention that the allowance of costs to the comptroller on the appeal to the surrogate was improper, we think that all that is necessary to be said is, that it was a matter resting in the sound discretion of the surrogate, which should not be disturbed except for sufficient cause, which is not present in the record before us.
Our conclusion, therefore, is, that as to the legacy to the mother, being under $10,000, it is exempt, under section 2, chapter 399, of the Laws of 1892 ; that the legacies to Ella H. Sandford and Olga Sandford were improperly taxed, and that in these respects the order or decree of the surrogate should be reversed, and in all other respects affirmed, with costs to appellants.
Follett, J., concurs.