Case Name: In the Matter of the Petition of Daniel P. Ingraham to Vacate an Assessment
Court: New York Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1876-06-22
Citations: 64 N.Y. 310
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of the Petition of Daniel P. Ingraham to Vacate an Assessment.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York Reports
Volume: 64
Pages: 310–316

Head Matter:
In the Matter of the Petition of Daniel P. Ingraham to Vacate an Assessment.
In proceedings to vacate an assessment for constructing a sewer in Ninety-first street, New York, it appeared that the petitioner being the owner of lands between Ninetieth and Ninety-second streets, conveyed a por- . tion thereof bounded “ north-easterly by the center line of Ninety-first street,” subject to a right of way over the portion of said street so conveyed. The assessment was claimed to be invalid, because the corporation had not acquired title to the land of said street. Reid, untenable; that it was not to be assumed, in the absence of proof, that the sewer was laid upon the petitioner’s half of the street, or in the center thereof, and that aparty,to avail himself of such an objection, must show affirmatively that his rights have been invaded; that as to the other half of the street, a permission from the owners would be sufficient to authorize the construction of the sewer, and it not appearing that any such permission was not given, or that the owners objected, the legal presumption was that permission was given; but that, if no consent was given, it was nota valid ground of objection that a trespass had been committed upon the lands of another.
Also, held, that it was not unlawful to include in one contract the construction of two sewers disconnected with each other, but to be built in accordance with the plan adopted for sewerage in the district; and that it was proper to assess the expense thereof in one assessment.
(Argued June 1, 1876;
decided June 22, 1876.)
This court has not authority upon affirmance of an order denying an application to vacate an assessment, to allow the petitioner a rehearing in the court below, or to authorize him to renew his application upon further proof; it can simply so frame its judgment that it shall not bean obstacle to the petitioner obtaining relief in the proper form, i. e., that the affirmance be without prejudice to an application to the court below for relief.
Appeal from order of the General Term of the Supreme Court in the first judicial department, affirming an order of Special Term which denied the application of the petitioner to vacate an assessment upon his lots on the north side of Ninety-first street, in the city of New York, for a sewer in said street, between Second and Fourth avenues, and a sewer in Eighty-eighth street, between Second and Third avenues. (Reported below, 4 Hun, 495.)
The objections were that the two sewers, entirely disconnected, were embraced in one contract, and a single assessment made. Also, that the corporation had acquired no title to Ninety-first street, and had no authority to build a sewer there. The facts sufficiently appear in the opinion.
Jno. E. Burrill for the appellant.
There never has been a dedication of the land of the street to the city. (Child v. Chappelle, 9 N. Y., 257; City of Oswego v. Oswego Canal Co., 6 id., 262; Underwood v. Stuyvesant, 19 J. R., 186; Fonda v. Borst, 2 Keyes, 48; Kelsey v. King, 33 How. Pr., 39; Livingston v. Mayor, etc., 8 Wend., 99; Badeau v. Mead, 14 Barb., 338, 339; Bissell v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 23 N. Y., 67; In re Anderton Park, N. Y. C. Pleas; Holden v. Trustees, etc., 21 N. Y., 474; Cincinnati v. White, 6 Pet., 431; Haynes v. Thomas, 7 Ind., 38.) Hntil the corporation acquired title to the land no one had a right to use it except for the purpose of passage, and the use for any other purpose was a trespass. (33 How. Pr., 39; 23 N. Y., 67; Pearsall v. Post, 20 Wend., 111; 22 id., 425; Trustees v. Auburn Co., 3 Hill, 567; 3 Kent’s Com. [m. p.], 433, § 52, sub. 3; Wash, on Easements, 196; Hunter v. Trustees, etc., 6 Hill, 406-412; 6 Pet., 438.) There was a substantial error in levying the assessment. (In re Sharp, 1 T. & C., 427; In re Babcock, 23 How. Pr., 118; In re Buhler, 19 id., 317; In re Beamis, 17 id., 460.)
D. J. Dean for the respondent.
The distribution of the assessment was confided to the discretion of the assessors. (Laws of 1813, chap. 86, § 175, p. 1191; Leroy v. Mayor, 20 J. R., 430; In re Degraw St., 18 Wend., 568; Lyon v. Brooklyn, 28 Barb., 609; Bushwick Ave. Case, 48 id., 9.) The fact that the sewer was laid in private property was not a fraud or substantial error. (Laws of 1874, chap. 312; 12 Abb., 121-124; Hays’ Case, 14 id., 53 ; 23 id., 118.) The street had been dedicated to the public for all the uses to which a city street is applicable. (Holdane v. Trustees, 21 N. Y., 474; Bissell v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 23 id., 61-65 ; 11 Wend., 486; 19 id., 128 ; Post v. Pearsall, 22 id., 434; 1 Hill, 189, 191; Hunter v. Sandy Hill, 6 id., 412; People v. Utica, 65 Barb., 10.) This action could not be maintained under chapter 313 of the Laws of 1874. (In re Mayer, 50 N. Y., 504; Lennon v. Mayor, etc., 55 id., 361.)
This case was not reported in its order, as decided, for the reason, that a motion was pending to amend the remittitur so as to allow the petitioner a rehearing. The decision upon said motion appears by the opinion.

Opinion:
Per Curiam.
The petitioner seeks to vacate the assessments made upon his lots, on the north side of Ninety-first street, between Lexington and Third avenues, for the construction of a sewer in said Ninety-first street and Eighty-eighth street.
It appears that the petitioner, owning lands between Ninetieth and Ninety-second streets, with his wife, by deed bearing date the 1st day of February, 1849, conveyed to Daniel Fanshaw eight lots of land, bounded " north-easterly by the center line of Ninety-first street, and south-westerly by the center line between Ninetieth and Ninety-first streets, subject to a right of way over the portion of Ninety-first street, hereby conveyed, to Gr. Rollins, his heirs and assigns, forever, to lots lying north-westerly of the premises hereby conveyed."
It is claimed that the assessment was invalid because the corporation never acquired the title to the lands forming Ninety-first street, through the center of which it is alleged the sewer is laid.
We are of the opinion that this position cannot be maintained. The appeal papers presented do not show that the sewer is laid on the northerly half of the street to which the petitioner claims title, nor in the center of the street. For any thing which appears, it may have been laid upon the south half of said street, and upon lands which he has conveyed away to Fanshaw in the deed referred to. It is by no means to be inferred that the sewer was laid upon the petitioner's one-half of the street or in the center of the same ; and the party objecting should make it appear by affirmative proof that his rights have been invaded, before he is entitled to avail himself of the objection urged.
It may be assumed that sewers are not always laid in the center or upon one side of a street alone; and, therefore, it by no means follows that in this case the sewer in question was on land claimed by the petitioner. In the petition it is stated that the southerly half of the street is the property of and owned by individuals, and not by the city ; and the affidavit of the petitioner shows that the southerly half of the street, so far as he has any knowledge, has never been ceded to the city authorities. These allegations do not interfere with the right of the city to lay down the sewer. A permission from the owner or owners would be sufficient authority for that purpose ; and as it is not shown that no such permission was given, and as it does not appear that these owners object, the legal presumption is that the city authorities were acting under a proper license, and had ample power to perform the work.
This must be assumed until the contrary is established by sufficient proof. It is for the petitioner to make out that the authorities have acted in violation of law in imposing upon him the assessment which he seeks to avoid. Nor is it enough to establish that, in carrying out the improvement, they have committed a trespass upon the lands of another party. That is a matter which rests between the city authorities and the person affected, and is not a valid ground of objection by a party assessed who has no interest in the land upon which the sewer is laid.
A point was made that the assessment was invalid because the assessment upon the petitioner's land embraced the expenses of the sewer in Eighty-eighth street, which is wholly disconnected with the sewer in Ninety-first street.
It appears that the sewers were built in accordance with the plan adopted for sewerage in the district in which it is located, in pursuance of the act of 1865 (chapter 381). Although that act confers no express authority to combine the building of two sewers in one contract and to assess the expenses thereof in one assessment, there is no objection to such a proceeding. The assessors are authorized to assess the expense upon the owners and occupants of the property benefited by the improvement made. (S. L. of 1865, supra, § 6.) The assessors had jurisdiction in this case, and having exercised their discretion there is no lawful ground for interfering with their action. Nor is any sufficient objection urged why two sewers might not be lawfully united and laid under one contract and assessments made at the same time for both of them. No injustice appears to have been done to the petitioner on this account, and it furnishes no ground for-vacating the assessments complained of.
It is not necessary to discuss the question whether there has been a dedication of the northerly half of the street to the public, by the petitioner, for the use of the city, if the views already expressed are sound. While there is evidence tending to establish that there was a dedication, it is not essential to the disposition of the case to determine that question.
No other point is made which demands especial considera tion; and the order of the General Term must he affirmed, with costs.
All concur.
Order affirmed.
Opinion on motion to amend remittitur.
Per Curiam.
A motion is made on the part of the petitioner that the remittitur in this case be amended so as to allow the petitioner a rehearing in the court below, or to renew his application on further proofs. This motion is founded upon affidavits to the effect that the defect of proof upon which this court based its judgment of affirmance can be supplied upon a new hearing, and that the point upon which the case was decided in this court was not taken in the court below.
These considerations might properly and probably would induce the court below to reopen the case and allow the proofs to be supplied, but it is beyond the province of this court to afford such relief. So far as it can, however, it is disposed, under the circumstances of the case, so to frame its judgment that it shall not be an obstacle to the petitioner obtaining in the proper form the relief which he seeks.
The case was decided in the court below, on the ground that the land which is claimed by the petitioner and through which the sewer was constructed had been dedicated to the public as a street. When the case came to this court the point was taken by the counsel for the corporation that the proofs before the Special Term failed to show that any part of the sewer was on the land claimed by the petitioner, or that the owner of the land, where it was located, had not consented to its' being placed there. This point, on examination, was found to be well taken. Ths question whether the land had been dedicated as a street was not, therefore, reached, and was not passed upon by this court. If the defect in the proof should be supplied and it should be shown that the sewer was constructed upon the half of the street claimed by the petitioner, and that the owner of the other half did not consent, then it will be material to inquire whether the land embraced in the street had been dedicated to the public. It is proper that the petitioner should have an opportunity to put his case in such shape that this question can be decided.
We, therefore, direct that the remittitur be amended so as to show that the question of dedication was not passed upon, and to state that the affirmance of the order is without prejudice to an application by the appellant to the court below to reopen the case and allow the parties a rehearing on further proofs, or, if the petitioner desires, to present a new petition that the affirmance is without prejudice to such new application.
All concur.
Ordered accordingly.