Case Name: ALLEGHENY COUNTY PRISON EMPLOYEES INDEPENDENT UNION; Charles Manderino, individually and on behalf of the Members of Acpeiu, Appellants, v. COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY; Calvin A. Lightfoot, Warden; Allegheny County Jail
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2005-03-21
Citations: 124 F. App'x 140
Docket Number: No. 04-1975
Parties: ALLEGHENY COUNTY PRISON EMPLOYEES INDEPENDENT UNION; Charles Manderino, individually and on behalf of the Members of Acpeiu, Appellants, v. COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY; Calvin A. Lightfoot, Warden; Allegheny County Jail.
Judges: Before AMBRO, VAN ANTWERPEN and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 124
Pages: 140–142

Head Matter:
ALLEGHENY COUNTY PRISON EMPLOYEES INDEPENDENT UNION; Charles Manderino, individually and on behalf of the Members of Acpeiu, Appellants, v. COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY; Calvin A. Lightfoot, Warden; Allegheny County Jail.
No. 04-1975.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued Dec. 14, 2004.
Decided March 21, 2005.
Bryan Campbell, Pittsburgh, PA, and Steven H. Bowytz (Argued), Bowytz & Bowytz, Pittsburgh, PA, for Appellants.
Michael H. Wojcik, County Solicitor, Robert L. McTiernan (Argued), Assistant County Solicitor, Allegheny County Law Department, Pittsburgh, PA, for Appellees.
Before AMBRO, VAN ANTWERPEN and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
OPINION OF THE COURT
STAPLETON, Circuit Judge.
Because we write only for the parties who are familiar with the facts, we do not restate them below. Appellants Allegheny County Prison Employees Independent Union and Charles Manderino (collectively "Appellants") appeal the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania's refusal to enjoin Appellees County of Allegheny, Warden Calvin A. Lightfoot, and the Allegheny County Jail (collectively "Appellees") from conducting warrantless pat-down searches of employees entering the Allegheny County Jail. Appellants claim that the searches, conducted randomly and requiring "the removal of outer garments, shoes and belts, but not socks, and [same sex] patdowns over the abdomen and groin area that do not involve groping or massaging," App. Appellants at 23, violate their Fourth Amendment rights. We will affirm.
I.
We review the District Court's findings of fact for clear error and assess its legal conclusions de novo. The ultimate decision to grant or deny the injunction is reviewed for abuse of discretion. High-mark, Inc. v. UPMC Health Plan, Inc., 276 F.3d 160, 170 (3d Cir.2001); see also In re Diet Drugs, 369 F.3d 293, 304 (3d Cir.2004); Warner-Lambert Co. v. Breathasure, Inc., 204 F.3d 87, 89 n. 1 (3d Cir .2000).
II.
To secure an injunction, a party must show: (1) the existence of a meritorious claim; (2) the likelihood of irreparable harm if the injunction is denied more serious than the harm to the nonmoving party if it is granted; and (3) an absence of conflict with the interest of the public. Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo, 456 U.S. 305, 312, 102 S.Ct. 1798, 72 L.Ed.2d 91 (1982). Essentially for the reasons set forth in the District Court's thorough Memorandum Order of February 4, 2004, we are satisfied that the District Court correctly denied injunctive relief.
Appellants failed to show that their rights under the Fourth Amendment are being violated. The Fourth Amendment protects individuals against "unreasonable searches and seizures." U.S. Const, amend IV (emphasis added). However, reasonable searches do not offend the Constitution. See, e.g., Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 147, 45 S.Ct. 280, 69 L.Ed. 543 (1925). To determine if a search is reasonable, courts must balance "the need for the particular search against the invasion of personal rights that the search entails." Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 559, 99 S.Ct. 1861, 60 L.Ed.2d 447 (1979).
Here, the District Court found that searches of personnel entering a detention facility are necessary to control the entry of contraband into the facility and to promote the security of employees and inmates. We agree. In addition, the District Court found, and we are satisfied, that employees at incarceration facilities have a diminished expectation of privacy while on the premises of the facility. See McDonell v. Hunter, 809 F.2d 1302, 1306-07 (8th Cir.1987) (finding that correction officers have a diminished expectation of privacy "while they are within the confines of the prison"); Sec. & Law Enforcement Employees v. Carey, 737 F.2d 187, 202 (2d Cir.1984) (determining that "in light of the difficult burdens of maintaining safety, order and security that our society imposes on those who staff our prisons" correctional officers have a diminished expectation of privacy while on the job). The District Court did not err when, in balancing these two interests, it determined that the need to prevent the introduction of contraband in a detention facility outweighs the privacy interests of the facility's employees. Nor did the District Court err in subsequently determining that pat-down searches of correctional officers and prison employees serve the same purposes and reflect the same reduced expectations of privacy as pat-downs conducted at border checkpoints which we have held are "presumed to be reasonable under the Fourth Amendment." Bradley v. United States, 299 F.3d 197, 201 (3d Cir.2002); see also Carey, 737 F.2d at 204 (noting that "[n]ot unlike persons crossing the borders of our country, correction officers, under proper circumstances may be" searched "to control the flow of contraband"). Thus, like searches conducted at border checkpoints, random, routine pat-down searches of prison employees are reasonable and may be conducted without a warrant or probable cause without violating Appellants' constitutional rights.
Having concluded that the challenged searches do not violate the Fourth Amendment, the District Court had no basis for granting injunctive relief. It accordingly did not err in declining to do so.
III.
The judgment of the District Court will be affirmed.
. In the proceedings below, Appellants claimed that the searches violated not only their right to be free from unreasonable searches under the Fourth Amendment, but also their right to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. On appeal, however, Appellants claim only that their Fourth Amendment rights have been violated.