Case Name: Covenhoven against Seaman and others
Court: New York Supreme Court of Judicature
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1799-01
Citations: 1 Johns. Cas. 23
Docket Number: 
Parties: Covenhoven against Seaman and others.
Judges: 
Reporter: Johnson's Cases
Volume: 1
Pages: 25–26

Head Matter:
Covenhoven against Seaman and others.
In an action of debt, on a recognizance, given in an action de homine replegiando, that the plaintiff, who sued out the Writ of replevin, “ should prove his liberty, &c. and personally appear in court, and prosecute his suit to effect,” and the plaintiff suffered a judgment of nonsuit, and then surrendered himself to the defendant, who accepted him, and the bail paid the costs of suit; it was held, that, submitting to a nonsuit, was not prosecuting the suit to effect, and that the recognizance was forfeited ; and that the acceptance of the plaintiff^ by the defendant, in the action of replevin, did not discharge the right of action on the recognizance against the bail.
This was an action of debt on recognizance, by which the defendants bound themselves to the plaintiff in one hundred pounds, conditioned, that a certain Jacob Jones, whom the plaintiff claimed and detained as his slave, and who had sued out his writ of homine replegiando, should “ prove his liberty, in the most proper and expedient way and means, and should, personally, appear in this court, and his suit, in that behalf, prosecute with effect.”
The plaintiff, in his declaration, averred, that the said Jacob did not prove his liberty, nor prosecute his suit in that behalf, with effect, but suffered judgment as in case of non-suit, to be entered against him, for not proceeding to trial.
The defendants pleaded, that after the said judgment of nonsuit, the said Jacob did appear in this court," and then, on the prayer of the plaintiff, surrendered, himself to him, who accordingly accepted him, and that the defendants have since paid to the plaintiff his costs of suit. ,
To this plea there was a general demurrer and joinder.
Riggs, for the plaintiff:
Munro, for the defendant.
S. C. 2 Caines’ Gas. in Error, 322. Skinner v. Fleet, 14 Johns. R. 263, 268.

Opinion:
Per Curiam.
The defendants, by their recognizance, and which appears to have been taken agreeably to precedent, undertook for three things. 1st. That Jacob Jones should prove his liberty in the most proper and expedient Way. 2d. That he should personally appear in this court; and 3d. That he should prosecute his suit in that behalf, .with effect. Instead of. a compliance with, these . -[*24] stipulations, *it appears that Jones has not proved his liberty, nor prosecuted his suit with effect, but has suffered judgment to be entered against him, as in case of non-suit, and has, at the prayer of the plaintiff, surrendered himself to him.
The condition of the recognizance has, therefore, not been performed. A party submitting to a nonsuit, does not prosecute the suit.to effect, (Garth. 519,) nor if the writ be abated for. any cause, will it save the recognizance, unless aff^ other writ be sued out with due diligence. The case given in Fitzherbert, (Nat. Brev., 68. A.) is very analogous to the present. " In a homine feplegiando, the plaintiff was bound by recognizance, in a certain sum of money to the defend- . ant's use, that he Would sue him cum effectu. And it was held that, if the writ abate for any causé, yet he ought to sue another writ for the 'taking, <fcc.,-otherwise he shall forfeit his recognizance.
The only question that Can be raised is, whether the surrender to" the-plaintiff, and the acbept'ance by him, amounted . to a discharge of the recognizance. -We think there is no . ground for that opinion. There were good reasons for the stipulations in the recognizance, that the suit should be prosecuted to effect, and the- question of the freedom or servitude of Jones, be judicially determined. It would either silence the unjust préteñsions of the plaintiff, and forever den liver the man from bondage, Or it would quiet him in the lawful possession of his property.
We are, therefore, of opinion, that the plea is bad, and that judgment must be rendered: for the plaintiff.
Judgment for the plaintiff.