Case Name: FREEMAN v. THE STATE
Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia
Jurisdiction: Georgia
Decision Date: 1990-07-12
Citations: 196 Ga. App. 343
Docket Number: A90A0549
Parties: FREEMAN v. THE STATE.
Judges: McMurray, P. J., Banke, P. J., Birdsong, Sognier, Pope and Cooper, JJ., concur. Carley, C. J., and Beasley, J., concur in part and dissent in part.
Reporter: Georgia Appeals Reports
Volume: 196
Pages: 343–345

Head Matter:
A90A0549.
FREEMAN v. THE STATE.
(396 SE2d 69)

Opinion:
Deen, Presiding Judge.
Defendant appeals his convictions for rape, OCGA § 16-6-1; aggravated sodomy, OCGA § 16-6-2; and false imprisonment, OCGA § 16-5-41.
1. A psychiatrist, called as a witness by defendant, testified that the victim had been his patient for four years and that he had performed certain evaluations of her. In response to a question as to the results, he testified: "I found at that time the patient to be suffering some major psychiatric disorders." The State objected on the basis of the patient-psychiatrist privilege. It was established out of the jury's presence, that contrary to defendant's assertions, the victim had not waived and did not waive her reliance on the privilege. Objection was sustained.
As a matter of public policy Georgia excludes communications between psychiatrist and patient. OCGA § 24-9-21 (5). This privilege is absolute (Atlantic C. L. R. Co. v. Daugherty, 111 Ga. App. 144, 149 (1) (141 SE2d 112) (1965)), although it may be waived. McCord v. McCord, 140 Ga. 170 (2) (78 SE 833) (1913). The requisite confidential relationship existed. Kimble v. Kimble, 240 Ga. 100, 101 (1) (239 SE2d 676) (1977). Without a waiver, there was no basis for the admission of testimony about communications between psychiatrist and patient. Gilmore v. State, 175 Ga. App. 376, 378 (333 SE2d 210) (1985); Wilson v. Bonner, 166 Ga. App. 9, 17 (5) (303 SE2d 134) (1983).
While the general rule is correctly stated in Stephen W. Brown &c. Assoc. v. Gowers, 157 Ga. App. 770, 781 (278 SE2d 653) (1981), the latter case was affirmed, as "none of this testimony appears to be relevant and material to the issues so as to show the defendants were harmed when the court refused to allow their counsel to show what he expected to prove by further cross examination." Id. at 782. The trial judge in the instant case refused to permit the psychiatrist to testify as to the patient's mental illness without a written waiver or without oral testimony under oath that the patient waived the claim to confidential communication. The trial judge on two occasions inquired if the psychiatrist could testify as to anything other than mental illness. No proffer to the court of any specific testimony on any other matter was made. The error, if any, is harmless as the evidence was overwhelming as to the abduction, gang rape, and sodomizing by several males at gunpoint.
2. Certain photographs were identified by the investigating officer as being accurate representations of the scene and objects at the scene where the criminal acts occurred. Thus, they were admissible and not subject to the objection raised by defendant. "The quantum of evidence required to sufficiently identify photographs as true and accurate representations of what they purport to depict is a matter to be left within the discretion of the trial court." Johnston v. State, 232 Ga. 268, 270 (1) (206 SE2d 468) (1974). Accord Williams v. State, 174 Ga. App. 56, 57 (2) (329 SE2d 226) (1985).
We must affirm the convictions for rape, aggravated sodomy, and false imprisonment.
Judgment affirmed.
McMurray, P. J., Banke, P. J., Birdsong, Sognier, Pope and Cooper, JJ., concur. Carley, C. J., and Beasley, J., concur in part and dissent in part.