Case Name: LEWIS v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1926-01-27
Citations: 279 S.W. 828
Docket Number: No. 9548
Parties: LEWIS v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 279
Pages: 828–829

Head Matter:
LEWIS v. STATE.
(No. 9548.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Jan. 27, 1926.)
Ramey & Davidson, of Sulphur Springs, for appellant.
Sam D. Stinson, State’s Atty., of Austin, and Nat 'Gentry, Jr., Asst. State’s Atty., of Tyler, for the State.

Opinion:
BAKER, ,J.
Appellant was convicted in the district court of Hopkins County for possessing equipment for manufacturing intoxicating liquors, and his punishment assessed at .tw'o years in the penitentiary.
Appellant complains of the action of the court in refusing to charge the jury that, if he, the appellant, was brought before the grand jury and forced to testify concerning the possession of the equipment in question, to acquit him. The record discloses that when the sheriff and his deputies made the raid in question they found a still in operation constructed out of an oil barrel and other barrels containing mash, in the smokehouse belonging to and under the control of the appellant. The raid was made at night, and the sheriff arrested the appellant within a few feet of the smokehouse, and his deputies, upon entering the smokehouse, found a Mr. Wilkes and Nick Johnson therein. The equipment, consisting of the still and barrels, was destroyed. The record discloses that the appellant was carried before the grand jury, and upon his refusal to testify he was taken before the district judge and then sent to jail. This occurred on Thursday. ' He was carried from the jail to the grand jury room on Friday, and again refused to testify' and returned to jail. Each of said times it appears that the appellant informed the grand jury that his lawyers told him "not to talk," and he refused to answer any questions propounded to him. On Saturday he was again carried before the grand jury, and, he claims, testified to the entire transaction concerning the raid and gave all evidence pertaining thereto, in addition to other testimony concerning the making of whisky prior to said investigation. It was the state's contention that the grand jury informed the appellant that he had already been indicted on the transaction discovered at the time of the said raid, and that they did not desire any information concerning the said raid, but desired information from him conderning another and different matter as to whisky making. This contention is borne, out by the testimony of the district judge and the county attorney, which raised a controverted issue. But the record, as we understand it, is practically undisputed, and the state did not deny but that the investigation and inquiry from the appellant included the possession and ownership of the barrels that were destroyed at the time of the said raid by the officers. However, if there was a controversy on this issue, as well as the issue of making the whisky at the time of the raid, between the state and the appellant, it was the duty of the trial court to submit same, under appropriate instructions, to the jury, and leave it to the jury to decide whether or not said inquiry and investigation of the grand jury and evidence of the appellant covered the entire transaction of the ownership and possession of-a part of the equipment or all of the equipment in question. Article 694, Pen. Code 1925, states:
"No person shall be excused from testifying against persons who have violated any provision of this chapter for the reason that such testimony will tend to incriminate him, but no person required to so testify shall be punishable for acts disclosed by such testimony."
The testimony of the county attorney in this ease shows, as we understand the record, that, after the grand jury had received the testimony of the appellant on the matters inquired about, they returned an indictment against said Wilkes, based upon the transaction discovered by the officers at the time of the said raid. We think, under the article, supra, and the case of Douglas v. State, 99 Tex. Cr. R. 413, 269 S. W. 1041, that the trial court, upon another 'trial of this ease, if the testimony is the same, should properly instruct the jury that if the grand jury had the appellant brought before them and had him to testify to matters concerning, the transaction at the time of the said raid and owner ship of the barrels that were found and destroyed by the officers at said raid, and forced him to disclose any fact that would tend to incriminate him as to making of said whisky at said time and the ownership of any of the equipment used in connection therewith, to return a verdict of not guilty.
Complaint is also made to the fifth paragraph of the court's charge as follows:
"Now, bearing in mind the foregoing instructions, if you believe from the evidence beyond a seasonable doubt that on or about the ITth day of December, 1924, the defendant, Warren Lewis, in Hopkins county, Texas, did have in his possession a still, mash, material or equipment for the manufacture of intoxicating liquor, and that the same was not for medicinal purposes, you will find the defendant guilty as charged in the indictment, but unless you so believe beyond a reasonable doubt you will acquit the defendant."
The appellant contends that the court charged the jury that they must "believe beyond a reasonable doubt" that the appellant had the equipment for the purpose of manufacturing intoxicating liquor for medicinal purposes before they could acquit him was error, and placed an undue burden upon him to show his defense. Said charge of the court is subject to the appellant's1 criticism, and clearly wrong. If the jury had a reasonable doubt as to those matters, it was their duty to acquit him.
For the errors above mentioned, we are of the opinion that the judgment of the trial court should be reversed and remanded, and it is accordingly so ordered.
PER CURIAM. The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the court.