Case Name: Charles Fowler vs. Samuel Fleming
Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: South Carolina
Decision Date: 1841-05
Citations: 1 McMul. 282
Docket Number: 
Parties: Charles Fowler vs. Samuel Fleming.
Judges: The whole Court concurred.
Reporter: South Carolina Law Reports
Volume: 26
Pages: 184–186

Head Matter:
Charles Fowler vs. Samuel Fleming.
Where there is a special endorsement on a noto, waiving the right to the usual notice of demand and refusal; unless the endorsement is written by the endorser, its truth and correctness must he clearly proved to have come from liis authority, or it cannot avail the endorsee.
Before Gantt, J., at Laurens, Spring Term, 1841.
This was an action of assumpsit on two notes of hand ; one for seven hundred and fifteen dollars, on which there was no defence set up, the other for four hundred dollars, drawn by Thomas B. Lockhart, in favor of Samuel Fleming, the defendant, and endorsed by him in blank before due. The blank was filled up by Fowler, so as to dispense with the otherwise legal necessity of making a demand on the drawer, and giving notice to the endorser, of non-payment. The verdict of-the jury was in favor of the plaintiff, to the amount of both notes, and the defendant appeals, on the following grounds :
1. Because the parol testimony was incompetent to alter or explain the endorsement in blank.
2. Because the proof made iu said case was insufficient in law to sustain the action.
The evidence offered in this case, was the examination of M. B. Park, the purport of which was, that he heard Fleming say that he authorized Fowler to fill out the endorsement; that he, (Fleming,) did not know that the law required demand and notice ; but that when he endorsed the note, he considered himself as much bound for its payment, as if lie had been security.
The next evidence that was offered, was that of Robert H. Park, who testified that he heard Fleming say, that when he put his name on the back of the note he allowed Fowler to fill up the endorsement as he wished. Other testimony was offered, but it is omitted, as having no direct, bearing on the isolated question of the law by which this case must be determined.
As respects the note of Lockhart, endorsed by Fleming to the plaintiff, I saw nothing so conclusive in the testimony as *to justify the jury in concluding that there had been any waiver on the part of Flcming of the legal necessity of making a demand on the drawer, by the endorsee, and in the event of non-payment, of giving notice of the same to the endorser.
Whether Fowler was authorized to fill up the blank so as to dispense with the necessity on his part of making a demand of the drawer when the note became due, and on failure of payment, of giving notice to the endorser thereof, was a question to be settled by the evidence. I saw nothng in the testimony to justify such a deduction, and in the charge made to the jury insinuated as much; but the jury thought otherwise, as would appear by their verdict, finding for the plaintiff the amount of the (indorsed note.
Sullivan, for the motion,
cited, on the first ground, 3 Kent’s Com. 88; 1 Moore, 535, or 1 Harr. Dig. 504, Campbell vs. Hogson; 1 Harr. Dig. 519, or Gow. 79; 3 Campbell, 57; 1 Starkie Rep. 361; 10 Barn. & Cress. 729; 5 John. 375; Chitty on Bills, 192; 2 Mills’ Const. Rep. 31, Price, Ex'or, vs. Perry; 29 Charles; Genett Mercantile Law, 176-7.
Young, contra,
insisted that the plaintiff could not recover on the endorsement. That he could upon the general counts in the declaration for money borrowed. Cited Beckwith vs. Angel, 6 Connect. Rep. 345; Ulen vs. Kithredge; 7 Mass. Rep. 233; Joslin vs. Ames, 3 do. 235; 13 Johns. 178; 17 do. 329; 14 do. 349; Frampton vs. Dudley, 1 Nott & McCord, 128. A party may prove by parol any agreement that was entered into at the time of the endorsement. Also, what power was delegated. The verdict should stand upon the general count in the declaration.
Sullivan, in reply,
said the case from 1 N. & McC. 128, relied on by plaintiff’s counsel, did not support the position of plaintiff.

Opinion:
Curia, per
Richardson, J.
The Court concurs with the presiding Judge in the principles of his charge to the jury. The endorser of a promissory note undertakes to pay the amount, if the maker shall not have paid it, after demand made on the day fixed for payment, or by the last day of *grace, and provided due notice of his failure so to pay be given to the endorser. (N. &. McCord, 83; 2 N. & McC. 283.) But, it is clear that the endorser may waive his right to such timely demand and notice ; but when such a waiver of the endorser's legal rights is alleged, it should be plainly proved ; and, assuredly, any endorser may expressly endorse his consent to waive such rights, and dispense with farther proof. As to the competency of any other person to fill up such special endorsement, by the authority of the endorsor, I can perceive no reason to question it, (3 Kent, 90; 6 Con. Rep. 340; 4 Pick. 386; 13 John. 179; 17 Johns. 329.) And I know of no principle of law to prevent such authority being by parol or verbal direction. Blank endorsements are in general filled up by the endorsees, and such special endorsement is no more than an express waiving of the right to require due demand, and the notice of a failure to pay the note, which are facts usually proved viva voce. But whatever be the special endorsement, unless written by the endorser, its truth and correctness must be proved to have come from his authority, or it cannot avail the endorsee. It would be still a question upon the actual agreement or undertaking of the endorser, to be made out by evidence "aliunde."
See Sup. 76; 3 Rich. 133; 4 Strob. 10. An.
To make out such an undertaking was in fact the very object in the case before the Court, in order to hold the endorser liable upon the alleged special endorsement supposed to have been authorized by Fleming.
The true question of the case, therefore, turns upon the inquiry : did Fleming authorize the special endorsement found upon Lockhart's note ? The allegation that Fleming authorized such an endorsement, varying from, if not contradicting the usual purport of endorsements, and rendering him liable, when he would not have been liable, upon the usual blank endorsement, ought to be clearly made out. But the Court can perceive, in the evidence offered, no sufficient proof of any agreement to deprive Fleming of the established rights of an endorser. He may have well authorized the endorsee to fill out the endorsement, or considered himself as the security for the note, without agreeing to renounce the rights of an endorser who is a provisional security, (See Miller & Co. vs. Thompson, MS. cited 1 Rice's Dig. 129.)
*Any one may renounce his legal rights. But it should ap-pear that he understood what he released, or else did so expressly. (1 Bailey, 453.) As, for instance, where the endorser promises payment, knowing there has been no demand upon the maker, and that he might have objected on that account. Atwood vs. Haseldon, (2 Bailey, 457.) Miller & Co. vs. Thompson, (1 Rice's Dig. 129.)
In such a case, the subject of the release is of a legal advantage ; which may be done. But, in the case before the Court, there is scarcely any proof of such an intention. The evidence would rather go to excuse the endorsee for so filling up the endorsement, than to prove that he had express authority for doing it; and no support can be derived from his own act, or manner of endorsing the note. For, as against Fleming, we are to look not so much to the endorsement itself, as for the proof of his authority to Fowler to make such special endorsement ; and if we suppose the endorsement again in blank, we readily perceive how feeble is the evidence that Fleming ever intended to renounce his right to require a demand and notice of refusal to pay the note. There must, therefore, be a new trial, unless the plaintiff shall release the verdict to the extent of the note of $400 and interest.
The whole Court concurred.