Case Name: National Utility Service, Inc., Appellant, v. Thatcher Glass Manufacturing Company, Inc., Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1968-06-18
Citations: 30 A.D.2d 168
Docket Number: 
Parties: National Utility Service, Inc., Appellant, v. Thatcher Glass Manufacturing Company, Inc., Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 30
Pages: 168–171

Head Matter:
National Utility Service, Inc., Appellant, v. Thatcher Glass Manufacturing Company, Inc., Respondent.
First Department,
June 18, 1968.
John M. Foley of counsel (Foley, Hickey, Gilbert & Currie, attorneys), for appellant.
David P. Bicks of counsel (Ronald D. J ones with him on the brief; LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby & MacRae, attorneys), for respondent.

Opinion:
McNally, J.
This is an appeal from an order denying appellant's motion for summary judgment on the second of three causes of action set forth in the complaint.
The second cause of action is in contract to recover 50% of overcharges in billings to defendant for electric power for the period October to December, 1963. In addition, plaintiff seeks 50% of the projected savings of $100,000 by reason of the cessation of the overcharges for the period January 1964 to September, 1968. The contract dated August 17, 1959 authorizes plaintiff " to secure all possible savings and refunds on our electric rates". The stipulated compensation is:
" 1. Fifty percent (50%) of all savings you secure for us for a period of sixty (60) months from the date each such saving appears on our bills.
" 2. Fifty percent of any refunds secured by you."
Defendant's facility in Elmira, New York, receives electric service from New York State Electric & Gas Corporation (NYSE&G). Prior to October, 1963 defendant was supplied under Service Classification No. 4. In September, 1963 Classification 4 was terminated and thereafter defendant was supplied current under Classification No. 3, which entitled defendant to a 5% primary service discount. The billings for October and November, 1963 failed to extend the 5% discount to defendant. The error was discovered by plaintiff. At plaintiff's suggestion the defendant called the error to the attention of NYSE&G, which immediately refunded the overcharges and in subsequent billings to defendant extended the 5% discount.
Involved is the interpretation and construction of the contract of August 17,1959. Plaintiff's services were engaged to secure " savings and refunds on [defendant's] electric rates ". Here involved are overcharges. The rate classification was not altered; it remained the same at all relevant times. The failure to extend the discount to defendant was apparently an oversight and' was promptly rectified. Had plaintiff been engaged to secure " savings and refunds " without relation to the rate structure, there would be no ambiguity; plaintiff's contractual right to compensation would have been clear. Here, however, the contractual emphasis on ' ' rates ' ' may not be ignored. It introduces the element of ambiguity. There is also ambiguity as to the provision for compensation based on " savings ". Whether the conceded overcharge resulting from the inadvertent omission to apply the 5% discount is within the category of " savings " also presents a mixed question of law and fact. " When the language employed is not free from ambiguity, or where it is equivocal and its interpretation depends upon the sense in which the words were used, in view of the subject to which they relate, the relation of the parties and the surrounding circumstances properly applicable to it, the intent of the parties becomes a matter of inquiry, and the interpretation of the language used by them is a mixed question of law and fact." (Lachs v. Fidelity & Cas. Co., 306 N. Y. 363, 364.)
The order denying summary judgment as to the second cause of action should be affirmed, with costs and disbursements.