Case Name: Mott vs. The Commissioners of Highways of Rush
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1842-05
Citations: 2 Hill & Den. 472
Docket Number: 
Parties: Mott vs. The Commissioners of Highways of Rush.
Judges: 
Reporter: Hill's Reports
Volume: 2
Pages: 472–475

Head Matter:
Mott vs. The Commissioners of Highways of Rush.
In a proceeding under the statute by commissioners of highways for the removal of an encroachment upon a road by fences, the order and notice must describe the place and extent of the encroachment with accuracy and precision, and specify the breadth of the road as originally intended.
Accordingly held, in this case, that an order and notice describing the encroachment as of “ the average width of one rod or upwards,” was insufficient.
Held further, that a notice directing the removal of the fence, “ so that the highway might be of the breadth originally intended,” without stating what that breadth was, was not good under the statute.
In a proceeding by the commissioners upon a denial of the encroachment, it is irregular for the justice issuing the precept for a jury to annex thereto a list of the names of the persons to be summoned.
But if the persons thus designated by the justice are summoned as jurors, and no objection is made to them, this will be deemed a waiver of the irregularity.
Semble, that on the return of a certiorari directed to commissioners of highways to remove their proceedings in such a case, the court cannot properly consider any thing which took place before the justice who issued the precept for the jury; but in order to bring up such proceedings, a certiorari should be directed to the justice.
Certiorari to the commissioners of highways of the town of Rush, Monroe county, to bring up their proceedings in the case of an alleged encroachment upon a highway in that town by the fences of Mott. The case, as it appeared by the return to the certiorari, was this: An order was made by the commissioners which stated, that the fence directed to be removed, commenced at a stake in the centre of the highway running through Mott’s land, about sixteen rods south of John Bell’s barn—“ thence running north, on the west side of the said highway, the distance of about eighty rods to a certain stake at said Mott’s north line, (according to the late survey of James Sperry,) and the average width of one rod or upwards—and that the said highway was originally intended to be of the width of four rods;” concluding by an order that the said fence be removed, so that the said highway might be of the breadth originally intended. A notice was afterwards given to Mott, by the commissioners, to remove the fence within sixty days. In the notice, the encroachment was described as in the order, except that no reference was made to Sperry's survey, and the direction was to remove the fence so that the highway might be of the breadth originally intended, without stating what that breadth was. The encroachment was denied and a jury summoned, who, after hearing the proofs and allegations of the parties, found the encroachment as specified in the order. The justice who issued the precept for the jury, annexed thereto a list of the names of twelve freeholders, who were summoned and sworn as jurors ; but no objection was taken to this before the justice.
H. Gay, for the plaintiff in error.
A. Sampson, for the defendants in error.

Opinion:
By the Court,
Nelson, Ch. J.
By the 1 R. S. 517, § 107, 2d ed., the commissioners of highways are empowered, in case of an encroachment upon any road within the town by the fences of the occupant through whose land it runs, to-order such, fences to be removed, so that 'the highway may be of the breadth originally intended. The order is required to be in writing, and written notice is also to be given to the occupant to remove his fences within sixty days. The section referred to also declares, that "every such order and notice shall specify the breadth of the road originally intended, the extent of the encroachment, and the place or places in which the same shall be. These requisitions of the statute must be complied with, before any subsequent proceedings can be instituted in case the encroachment is denied.
An incurable defect in the proceedings before us lies in the want of sufficient precision and certainty in describing the particulars of the encroachment complained of in the order and notice served upon the occupant. The statute is very explicit in this respect, and for a very obvious reason, viz. to enable the party,, if he see fit, to comply with the order at once. The description should be full and precise, so as to fix the place and extent of the encroachment beyond all doubt or embarrassment to the occupant; for a heavy penalty is annexed in case of refusal to comply. (1 R. S. 517, 18, §108, 111, 2d ed.)
In .this case, both the order and notice, after giving the length of the fence and the termini thereof, describe the breadth of the encroachment as one rod or upwards, leaving the line to which the fence is to be removed altogether indefinite. Again: the notice directs that the fence shall be removed so that the highway may be of the breadth originally intended, without specifying what that breadth was, according to the record of the road, or otherwise. The burthen is thus thrown upon the occupant to ascertain this at his peril, and make the removal accordingly. But the statute places him in no such embarrassment; for that directs, not only that the extent of the encroachment and the place or places where it exists, shall be specified in the notice, but also the breadth of the road as originally intended. (1 R. S. 517, § 107, 2d ed.) The commissioners are thus required to put the party in possession of all the particulars of the encroachment necessary to enable him to go upon the ground where it is alleged to exist, and remove it at once. They are to ascertain the original width of the road, the place and extent of the encroachment, and must specify and limit the same in a way that can be easily and readily comprehended by the occupant.
The justice erred in annexing to the precept the list of jurors to be summoned; but that question is probably not before us, as the commissioners cannot legally return proceedings that took place before the justice. The certiorari should have been directed to the justice in order to bring up this question. (Fitch v. Commissioners, &c. of Kirkland, 22 Wend. 132.) But if regularly here, I think the error was waived, as no objection was made to the jury upon this ground. It was doubtless competent for the party to agree to the freeholders thus summoned, as it dearly would have been to any person who may have happened to be present without being summoned at all. The mode of selection was but an irregularity that may always be waived by the parties.
Proceedings reversed
See Merrill v. Berkshire, (11 Pick. R. 269.)