Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Rodney Dewayne CLARK, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2014-04-25
Citations: 563 F. App'x 753
Docket Number: No. 13-14069
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Rodney Dewayne CLARK, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before HULL, MARTIN, and FAY, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 563
Pages: 753–754

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Rodney Dewayne CLARK, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 13-14069
Non-Argument Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.
April 25, 2014.
Michael B. Billingsley, John B. Felton, Joyce White Vance, Amanda Schlager Wick, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Birmingham, AL, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
Rita M. Briles, Law Offices of Rita M. Briles, PC, Gardendale, AL, for Defendant-Appellant.
Before HULL, MARTIN, and FAY, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM:
Rodney Clark appeals his sentence of 27 months of imprisonment after pleading guilty to conspiracy to commit mail theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371, and mail theft by a United States Postal Service employee, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1709. At sentencing, the district court applied a cross reference in United States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG) § 2B1.1(c)(1)(A), which applies the base offense level and specific offense characteristics of § 2K2.1 when "a firearm . was taken, or the taking of any such item was an object of the offense." As a result of this cross reference, Clark's base offense level increased from 6 to 12 under § 2K2.1(a)(7), and he also received additional increases in his offense level based on § 2K2.1(b). Clark argues that the cross reference in § 2B 1.1(c)(1)(A) should not have applied to him because he lacked knowledge that he stole a package containing firearms. After careful review, we affirm.
We review de novo the district court's interpretation of the Sentencing Guidelines. United States v. Barrington, 648 F.3d 1178, 1194-95 (11th Cir.2011). The district court's factual findings are reviewed for clear error, and its application of those facts to justify a sentencing enhancement is reviewed de novo. United States v. Walker, 490 F.3d 1282, 1299 (11th Cir.2007). "Although district courts now consider the Guidelines only in an advisory fashion, USSG § 1B1.3 instructs district courts to consider not merely the charged conduct, but rather all 'relevant conduct,' in calculating a defendant's offense level." United States v. Hamaker, 455 F.3d 1316, 1336 (11th Cir.2006). The district court is not limited to only those facts that the defendant has admitted or pleaded guilty to and may consider relevant facts in the record, undisputed statements in the Pre-sentence Investigation Report (PSI), or evidence proffered at the sentencing hearing. United States v. Smith, 480 F.3d 1277, 1281 (11th Cir.2007). The district court's factual findings as to relevant conduct, however, must be supported by a preponderance of the evidence. United States v. Duncan, 400 F.3d 1297, 1304 (11th Cir.2005).
This Court has not yet decided whether the cross reference in § 2B 1.1(c)(1)(A) contains a knowledge requirement. We need not decide that question in this case, however, because the record contains ample circumstantial evidence that Clark knew that he was stealing firearms when he attempted to steal the package at issue here. Clark stipulated that the government executed a controlled delivery of a package containing 11 handguns. The label on the package stated that it was being sent from "Jiminez Arms" to "Gold Star Pawn.". Clark also testified that he did not see that the package was being sent by Jiminez Arms, yet he chose to steal this particular package out of all the packages he handled that day. Finally, Clark admits that he sent a text message to his confederate after diverting the package of guns, which stated: "Got one comn pow pow $ROCAFELLAS$." (emphasis added). Based on this record, the district court had sufficient evidence to conclude that Clark was aware that he was stealing firearms when he stole the package at issue here. Therefore, the district court did not err by applying the cross reference in § 2B 1.1(c)(1)(A).
AFFIRMED.