Case Name: Gaskin & Others v. City of Georgetown
Court: Kentucky Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Kentucky
Decision Date: 1904-05-12
Citations: 118 Ky. 251
Docket Number: 
Parties: Gaskin & Others v. City of Georgetown.
Judges: 
Reporter: Kentucky Reports
Volume: 118
Pages: 251–260

Head Matter:
Case 28 — Proceeding by the City of Georgetown to .Strike Certain Territory from its Corporate Limits.
May 12.
Gaskin & Others v. City of Georgetown.
APPEAL FROM SCOTT CIRCUIT COURT-JAMES E. CANTRILL, CIRCUIT JUDGE.
From the Judgment Z. R. Gaskin and Others Appeal.
Reversed.
•Continuance — Absence of "Witnesses — -Discretion of Court — Abuse of Discretion.
On proceedings under Ky. St. 1903, sec. 3483, for striking' certain territory from the corporate limits of a city, the pleadings raised the issues whether the proposed alteration was! opposed by a majority of the resident vioters of the territory affected, and whether the persons resisting the alteration were residents of the territory. An unoontrádieted affidavit for continuance ion account of the absence of twenty-four witnesses stated that they would testify that they were residents of the territory affected, and that all of the residents thereof were opposed to- the change. On the day before the trial, immediately after the time for trial was set, a subpoena was issupd for eighty-five witnesses; against the change, but twenty-four of them were not served. Held, that the refusal of a continuance was an abuse of tbe eourt’si discretion constituting error.
L. F. SINCLAIR and L. L. BRISWON for appellants.
1. Our contention is that under Ky. St., see. 3483, regulating the changing of boundaries of cities, of the fourth class that where a majority of the resident voters in a boundary proposed to, he stricken from the city, are opposed -to. such change, that suchi change shall not be made.
2. The issue in this case, was’-that all the resident voters in the territory 'proposed to, be stricken off, eighty-five in number, were opposed to such change, and .on the trial an affidavit was filed asking for a continuance by reason, of-the absence of twenty-four witnesses residing In said boundary, for whom process had been, issued, but not served, all of whom it was alleged would swear if present, that they and all the other resident votersi were-opposed to such change, that due diligence '¡had been used to- procure the presence of such witnesses; and we submit that the refusal of the court to grant a continuance to- procure these witnesses was an abuse of discretion for which a new trial should be had.
AUTHORITIES.
City of Lebanon v. Creal, etc., 22 R., 865; Chandler’s Adm’r v. Bush, &e., 22 R., 993.
VICTOR F. BRADLEY attorney for appellee.
1. In response to the attorneys for appellants upon the question. of whether the circuit court erred in overruling their motion ■for a continuance, we only desire to say that it will appear from the record that the witnesses of- whose absence they complain are the appellants themselves, every one of them being a party to-the proceeding.
-2. There was evidence heard by the trial judge on both sides, on the trial of this issue- and the court after hearing the evidence decided the issue upon the facts proven, and this- appeal should be dismissed.

Opinion:
Opinion op the court by
JUDGE SETTLE
Reversing
The city of Georgetown, August 1, 1902, by its board of council, passed an ordinance proposing to strike certain territory therein described from the corporate limits of that city, after which a petition was filed in the Scott circuit court by the city, through its mayor and hoard of council, in accordance with section 3483, Kentucky -Statutes, 1903, alleging a compliance with the provisions of that section, and praying the court to strike the described territory from the corporate boundary of the city. At the October term, 1902, of the circuit court the appellant Z. R. Gaskin and about eighty other persons, citizens and legal voters of the territory proposed to he stricken off, filed an answer to the petition of appellees, which traversed the allegations thereof, and interposed by affirmative averments certain objections to the striking from the city of Georgetown of the territory described in the ordinance and petition; that is to say, it is averred in the answer that to strike the proposed territory from the city would result in injury to the city, and to the property and legal rights of the inhabitants residing in the •territory sought to be stricken off, in that it would deprive them of police, fire, and water protection, prevent their children from attending ihe. graded school for colored children -in the city; and, finally, that not only a majority, but every citizen, resident, and voter of the territory sought to be stricken off was opposed to the change. The answer was signed by nearly all the voters and taxpayers of the territory sought to be stricken off. The réply filed by appellees not only traversed the affirmative allegations of the answer, but, in addition, alleged that the persons signing the answer did not reside in the territory sought to be stricken off, and that a majority of the voters and residents of the territory in question were not opposed to the change. On October 23, 1902, the court assigned the case for trial on the following day, and on that day, presumably upon the calling of the case for trial, appellants moved for a continuance until the succeeding term, filing in support of the motion the affidavit of appellants Z. E. Gaskin and Thomas H. Carter. The court, however, overruled the motion, refused the continuance, and proceeded to try the cause. The trial resulted in a judgment granting the prayer of the petition, and the striking of the territory described therein from the boundary of the city of Georgetown.
One of the grounds urged by appellants for a reversal of the judgment is the alleged error of the lower court in refusing the continuance. Trial courts are allowed a broad discretion in the matter of granting or refusing continuances, which should he exercised in any given case according to the facts and circumstances thereof. But when there is an abuse of such discretion operating to the prejudice of the substantial rights of the party applying for the continuance it constitutes error, which may be corrected upon appeal by a court of revisory power. It appears from the affidavit for continuance, which is in the usual technical form, that twenty-four of appellants' important witnesses were absent when the case was called for trial in the court below. It further appears from the statements of the affidavit that the absent witnesses would, if present, have testified that they were resident voters, property owners, and taxpayers of the territory sought to be stricken from the corporate boundary of 'Georgetown; that they and all the inhabitants of the territory sought to be stricken off were and are opposed to the proposed change; and that they had not been served with the subpoenas issued and placed in the hands of the sheriff the day before, though their names appear therein. In order that the materiality of this testimony may be understood, it will be well to bear in mind that two of the issues made by the pleadings were, first, was the proposed alteration of the boundary of the city of Georgetown opposed by a majority of the resident voters of the territory proposed to be stricken off? Second, were the persons- resisting the striking off the proposed territory resident voters of such territory? Section 3483, Ky. St., 1908, as amended by Act March 22, 1902, p. 165, c. 73, provides the mode whereby the boundary of a city or town may be added to or reduced. When such action is desired, it must, according to the provisions of the statute, supra, begin with the enactment by the board of council of an ordinance accurately defining the boundary to be added or stricken off. The ordinance must be published for not less than three weeks in a newspaper, or, if there be no newspaper in the city or county, by advertisement by handbills, to be posted for at least fifteen days at four or-, more public places in the city, and as many at public places within the territory to be annexed o.r stricken off. Within thirty days after the adoption, publication, and advertisement of such ordinance, and twenty days before the next succeeding term, a petition shall be filed in the circuit court of the county within which the city may be situated, in the name and on behalf of the city, showing compliance with the statute as to the enactment of the ordinance, its publication or advertisement, the object and purpose thereof, together with an accurate description, by metes and bounds, of the territory proposed to be annexed or stricken from the city, and praying for a judgment to annex or strike from the city the territory described, as the object may be. The statute further provides that notice of the filing of the petition shall be given in the same manner as provided for notice of the passage of the ordinance. If no defense be made at the first term of the court after the filing of the petition and notice of same, and.the court shall make no order granting further time for making defense, the court shall render a judgment annexing or-striking off the proposed territory, as the object of the proceeding may be. "But at the first term of the circuit .court, or within the time fixed by the court by its order, any one or more of the resident voters of the territory proposed to be annexed or stricken off, may file a defense in said proceedings-, setting forth the reason why such territory, or any part thereof, should not be annexed to the city, or why the limits of the city should not be reduced. The case shall be tried by the court without the intervention of a jury. If the court upon hearing be satisfied that less than a majority of the resident voters of the territory sought to be annexed, or stricken off, have remonstrated against the proposed extension or reduction, and that the proposed extension or reduction of the limits of the city, as the case may he, will be for the interest of the city, and will cause no material injury to the owners of real estate in the limits of the proposed' extension or reduction, it shall so find, and the proposed extension or reduction shall be decreed. But if the court shall find that a majority, or more, of the resident voters of the territory to be affected or the owner or owners of said property, if there be no resident voters, remonstrated against such change, and that such change will cause material injury to the owners of real estate in the limits of the proposed extension or reduction, it shall so find,, and said extension or reduction shall be denied. . . ."
We take it to be the meaning of the statute, supra that, though the trial court is required to consult the wishes of the resident voters or property owners of the territory sought to be added or stricken off, the will of the majority, the one way or the other, is not absolute, but should be permitted to control, unless the conditions mentioned in the statute that would prevent its doing so are found by the court to exist. In any event, it was not only proper, but necessary, for the chancellor to ascertain whether a majority of the resident voters of the territory proposed to be steicken from the boundary of the city of Georgetown favored or opposed the change, and whether such of the persons as were resisting the changes were or were not resident voters of the territory proposed to be stricken off; for these were questions that vitally entered into, and should have had great weight in, the determination of the main question involved. There can, therefore, be no doubt of the materiality of the testimony of the absent witnesses set forth in the affidavit. The fact that the absent witnesses were residents and voters of the territory sought to be stricken off could doubtless have been proved by appellants, or others present at the trial,, but the facts as to whether they favored or opposed the striking off the proposed territory, and whether they did or not sign the answer filed in the case, could have been proved onlj by themselves. The case is- one in which numbers count. The record does not contain a bill of evidence heard on the trial in the court below, but it appears from a signed statement of the judge of that court, which may be found in the record, that comparatively few of the many witnesses summoned, or of' the persons interested in the case, testified; certainly not a sufficient number of them to enable the court to ascertain- whether a majority of the resident voters in the territory proposed to be stricken off were or not opposed to the change of boundary.
If the fact that a majority of the voters residing in the territory proposed to be stricken off were opposed to the striking off could have been ascertained in no other way than by introducing as witnesses all , the voters in the territory, appellants had the right to introduce them upon the trial, if their attendance could reasonably be procured, and were entitled to a reasonable time and opportunity to have them summoned. The question of diligence in any given case must depend upon, the facts and circumstances thereof.
Appellants and those associated with them in resisting the proposed change of boundary were not made parties to the action by appellees, but upon their own motion, and by filing answer during the áppearañce term. The framers of the .statute evidently had in mind the difficulties likely to arise in the carrying out of its provisions. So, in view of the large number of persons to be affected by changes of municipal boundaries, to give them opportunity to make known their approval or objections to such • changes, and at the same time prevent undue haste upon the part of the courts in passing upon the civil and property rights, to be affected by the statute, it authorizes the court in which an action such as this is pending, in the event the resident Voters of the territory proposed to be annexed or stricken off have not time or reasonable opportunity to file a defense during the first term succeeding the bringing of the action, to fix by its order a later time subsequent to such term within which to allow the defense to be filed. It would be but fair to presume that the answer was filed as soon as. it could be prepared after appellants learned of the pendency of the action. It is true that section 9 of the practice act provides that, "unless otherwise directed by the parties, the clerk shall issue subpoenas for witnesses to the first day of the term, and they shall attend at such days as the case in which they are subpoenaed ¡shall be set for trial, and until the same is disposed of by trial or continuance; provided, however, the court may by rule entered upon its order book direct the clerk to set actions at law for convenient days during the term as provided above; and to issue subpoenas, to said days', instead of to this first day, as provided above." See Acts 1902, p. 278, c. 122. It will not, however, be contended that the foregoing rule of practice has any application to persons made parties to the action after the commencement of and during the appearance term.
' It appears from the record that on October 23, 1902, this case was assigned for trial on the following day, October 2áth. It further appears that on the 23d of October, and immediately after the assignment of the case for trial, appellants caused- subpoenas to be issued for eighty-five witnesses, including those for whose absence the continuance was asked, which subpoenas were at once placed in the hands of the sheriff for service, but for want of time he was unable to obtain service upon the twenty-four witnesses named in the affidavit, consequently, by reason thereof, and of the Court's refusal to grant the continuance, appellants were deprived of the benefit of their testimony. It was the duty of these absent witnesses, as parties to this action, to attend court, and be present at the trial, and appellants for that reason had the right to assume that they would do so; yet they did not in fact rely upon such assumption, but caused subpoenas to issue for them when the case was assigned for trial, as already indicated. The fact that the absent witnesses were parties to the action, or that they did not take sufficient interest in the case to attend court and testify without being subpoenaed, should not have been allowed to prejudice the rights of appellants,- to whom their - testimony was as important as if they had not been parties.
It is, however, insisted for appellees that, if the witnesses named in the affidavit all lived in the territory proposed to be stricken off, they could or ought to have been found by the officer to whom the subpoenas were given for service, and the fact that they were not found is urged as proof that they did not live in the territory indicated. There being nothing in the record to contradict the statements contained in the affidavit that they did reside in such territory, that statement,, for the purpose of determining whether the continuance should have been granted, must be accepted as true. Besides, considering the shortness of the time 'afforded him for serving the subpoenas-, it is not strange that the sheriff should have failed to find twenty-four out of eighty-five witnesses named therein. Their temporary absence from home, whether to avoid the subpoena or on legitimate business, would, under the circumstances!, have prevented its service upon them.
The case of Lebanon v. Creel, 109 Ky., 363, 59 S. W., 16, 22 Ky. Law Rep., 865, relied on by appellants, was decided! under the former statute, some of the provisions of which were materially different from those of the present or amended statute, for which reason we do not regard that decision as applicable here.
Being of the opinion that there was no want of diligence upon the part of appellants in this case, therefore, because of the error of the lower court in refusing to grant them the continuance asked, the judgment is reversed, and cause remanded, with directions to grant them a new trial, and for further proceedings consistent with the opinion herein.