Case Name: STATE of Louisiana, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT v. S.J. McClendon, et al.
Court: Louisiana Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Louisiana
Decision Date: 1989-10-31
Citations: 552 So. 2d 1220
Docket Number: No. 89-CA-229
Parties: STATE of Louisiana, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT v. S.J. McClendon, et al.
Judges: Before KLIEBERT, GAUDIN and GRISBAUM, JJ.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 552
Pages: 1220–1223

Head Matter:
STATE of Louisiana, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT v. S.J. McClendon, et al.
No. 89-CA-229.
Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit.
Oct. 31, 1989.
Writ Denied Jan. 5, 1990.
Leon C. Vial, III and Julie M. Burke, Hahnville, for defendants-appellants.
Ronald J. Bertrand, Bertrand & Soileau, Rayne, for plaintiff-appellee.
Before KLIEBERT, GAUDIN and GRISBAUM, JJ.

Opinion:
GRISBAUM, Judge.
This is an expropriation matter. The defendants (landowners) are appealing the unanimous verdict of a six-person jury which awarded the defendants $250,000 for the land and $55,000 in severance damages. The plaintiff answered the appeal seeking modifications and revisions relating to interest. We amend and affirm.
ISSUE
We are called upon to determine whether the trial court erred in calculating the interest on the excess due the landowners from the date of the actual taking rather than from the date of judicial demand. FACTS
The State of Louisiana, Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) filed an expropriation proceeding in accordance with La.R.S. 48:441-48:460 and deposited $226,867 into the registry of the court. The defendants subsequently answered the petition on February 20, 1985, asking for additional compensation. The ease was tried by a jury on October 26 and 27, 1988. Judgment was rendered in favor of the defendants, awarding $250,000 in compensation and $55,000 in severance damages. After allowing for the appropriate credits, the trial court awarded interest on the excess amount due, calculating interest from July 6, 1983, the date of the taking.
La.R.S. 48:455 was amended during the 1988 regular legislative session to read as follows: "If the amount finally awarded for compensation exceeds the amount deposited, the judgment shall include legal interest on the excess from the date of legal demand until paid, but such interest shall not accrue on any award made for expert fees or attorney fees prior to judgment." Prior to that time, the statute provided that interest was payable from the date that title vested in the plaintiff, i.e., the date of taking, to the date of payment. The effective date of the amended statute was September 9,1988. Therefore, we find this statute was in effect on the date the judgment was rendered.
The record shows the plaintiff claims that the statutory amendment did not create or remove any vested right to seek legal interest on an excess award because the defendants' rights to interest did not accrue until judgment was rendered. On the other hand, the defendants claim that their right to legal interest accrued prior to the effective date of the amended statutes because their cause of action preceded the "amendment."
ANALYSIS
As noted by the court in Jefferson Disposal Co. v. Parish of Jefferson, 603 F.Supp. 1125, 1135 (E.D.La.1985)
Any discussion of the constitutionality of the retroactive application of a statute must begin with the first principle "that a court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision, unless doing so would result in manifest injustice or there is statutory direction or legislative history to the contrary." Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, 416 U.S. 696, 711, 94 S.Ct. 2006, 2016, 40 L.Ed.2d 476 (1974).
(Footnote omitted.)
The legislature may not divest an individual of a vested property right protected by the due process of the Federal Constitution.
A right is vested when "the right to enjoyment, present or prospective, has become the property of some particular person or persons as a present interest. The right must be absolute, complete and unconditional, independent of a contingency, and a mere expectancy of future benefit . does not constitute a vested right."
Clements v. State Dep't of Health, etc., 391 So.2d 66, 68 (La.App. 4th Cir.1980) (footnote omitted).
As a general rule, "there is no vested right to a particular remedy. A statute is not unconstitutional, therefore, merely because it changes, abolishes, or impairs an existing remedy for a cause of action that has accrued prior to the passage of the statute_" 12 C.J. § 558, p. 974.
" 'The State has complete control over the remedies, of its citizens in the Courts.' It may give a new and additional remedy for a right already in existence — or may abolish old and substitute new remedies. It may modify an existing remedy — or remove an impediment in the way of judicial proceedings. Thus[,] it is said by this Court that retrospective laws may be made when they do not impair the obligation of contracts, or divest or impair vested rights; such as, laws providing new and additional remedies for a just right already in being, laws modifying or changing remedies, and all other strictly remedial laws; and there are many other laws that are retrospective according to the letter, yet not prohibited by the Bill of Rights[.]' "
Brown v. Indemnity Ins. Co. of N. Am., 108 So.2d 812, 815 (La.App.2d Cir.1959) (quoting Dowlen v. Fitch, 196 Tenn. 206, 264 S.W.2d 824, 826 (1954)).
When, however, a legislative change alters the substantive rights of the parties the constitutional validity of applying the change to a pending case does become suspect.... On the other hand, when a statute changes only remedies or procedures, and does not affect substantive rights, there is no constitutional barrier to applying it to a pending case.
Jefferson Disposal, supra at 1136.
Here, defendants' substantive right to bring a cause of action against the State, seeking compensation and damages for property taken, was not abridged by the amendment. The sole effect of the amendment was to alter the date from which interest was calculated thus making this change remedial in nature, rather than substantive. Prior to judgment, defendants' right to assert a claim for interest was not absolute. Instead, it was contingent upon a finding that defendants were in law and in fact entitled to excess compensation. Therefore, we find that retroactive application of the amended statute would not divest defendants of any constitutionally protected property right.
For the reasons assigned, that portion of the trial court's judgment dated December 2, 1988 which reads "with interest at the rate of 12 percent per annum from July 7, 1983 through December 31, 1987, and 9.75 percent from January 1, 1988, to present," is amended to read "with interest at the rate of 12 percent per annum from February 20, 1985, the date of the demand, through December 31, 1987, and 9.75 percent from January 1, 1988 to present." In all other respects, the trial court's judgment dated December 2, 1988 is hereby affirmed. Each party is to bear its own costs of this appeal.
AMENDED AND AFFIRMED.
. That is, the amount of the final award of compensation exceeding the amount deposited in the registry of the court.
. The remaining issue in this case presents no novel questions and, thus, is treated in an unpublished appendix.