Case Name: Horatio W. Millard v. William Willard
Court: Supreme Court of Rhode Island
Jurisdiction: Rhode Island
Decision Date: 1854-09
Citations: 3 R.I. 42
Docket Number: 
Parties: Horatio W. Millard v. William Willard.
Judges: 
Reporter: Rhode Island Reports
Volume: 3
Pages: 42–44

Head Matter:
Horatio W. Millard v. William Willard.
In all casos where a point of time, or the doing of an act is referred to, merely as a terminus from which to measure time, the day of the date or of the act, should he excluded.
In such cases, the law recognizes no fractions of days.
Semble, That where a time is. referred to as a “ terminus a quo” in computing time, the first day is excluded in computation, unless in cases where, in order to vest an interest, to prevent a forfeiture, or to prevent the divesting of a right, it is necessary to include the day.
Where a citation to á creditor, under the “ Act in relation to poor persons imprisoned for torts," was served on the 18th of October, and the jailor discharged the debtor on the 28th: Held, in an action against the jailor for an escape, that the term of ten days from the 18th had not expired on the 28th.
This was an action of debt, commenced in the Court of Common Pleas, and by the defendant appealed to this Court, where the parties waived a trial by jury, and submitted the case to the Court upon a written statement of facts. The material facts were these: — One Sampson, having been committed to jail in Providence county, of which the. defendant was the keeper, upon an execution in favor of the plaintiff, caused a citation lender the “ Act in relation to poor persons imprisoned for torts,” (P. L. 804,) to be served upon the plaintiff on the 18th of October, 1853, after 12 o’clock, M., thus making it obligatory upon the plaintiff within ten days thereafter to deposit with the keeper of the jail a cer tain sum for tbe future board of tbe prisoner, in default of wbicb tbe keeper was by law authorized to discharge him. On tbe morning of tbe 28th of October, before 9 o’clock, tbe plaintiff called at the jail, and there learned that at an earlier hour that morning, tbe defendant, as keeper of tbe jail, bad discharged said prisoner^ on tbe ground of a non-payment of board pursuant to tbe statute. Tbe plaintiff thereupon sued tbe defendant, as keeper, for an escape.
L'apham for plaintiff.
T. A. Sendees for defendant.

Opinion:
Bosworth, J.
Tbe decision of this case involves simply tbe rule for tbe computation of time. The plaintiff was served with a notice on tbe 18th day of October, and was required to pay tbe board of a prisoner who was imprisoned on an execution in bis favor, " within ten days from tbe time of tbe service of said notice," or tbe said prisoner would be discharged. Tbe prisoner was discharged by tbe defendant, as jailor, on tbe 28th of October. Tbe plaintiff in this suit went to tbe jail on tbe morning of tbe 28th, for tbe purpose of paying tbe board, and there ascertained that tbe prisoner bad been discharged.
There is much apparent conflict among tbe authorities on tbe question of tbe computation of time; and it is not possible to classify tbe various decisions so that they will harmonize upon any settled principle of adjudication. Tbe better opinion, as gathered from tbe numerous decisions of Courts upon tbe subject, seems to us to be, that where a time is referred to us a " terminus a quo" in computation, the first day is excluded in computation, unless in cases where, in order to vest an interest, to prevent a forfeiture, or to prevent the diverting of a right, it is necessary to include the day. In all cases where a point of time or the doing of an act is referred to merely as a terminus from which to measure time, the day of the date or of the act should be excluded. In this case, if we resort to an accurate measurement of time, the process being served after 12 o'clock, M., on the 18th, and the prisoner being discharged before 9 o'clock, A. M., on the 28th, the plaintiff would not have ten days, within which to pay the board from the time of the service of the process. In such cases there are in law no fractions of days, and the day of the service must therefore be included or excluded in the computation. We think it more conformable to right, and more in accordance with the current of decisions, as well as more in harmony with the general rule which seems to have been adopted in the practice of our own Courts, that the day of the date should be excluded. Under this rule, the plaintiff would have the amount of time which the statute impliedly promises him, within which to pay the board: under the other rule (the rule including the first day), he would not.
Judgment for the plaintiff.