Case Name: The State of Nebraska, ex rel. Gavin Craig, v. John Sheldon
Court: Nebraska Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Nebraska
Decision Date: 1880-07
Citations: 10 Neb. 452
Docket Number: 
Parties: The State of Nebraska, ex rel. Gavin Craig, v. John Sheldon.
Judges: 
Reporter: Nebraska Reports
Volume: 10
Pages: 452–456

Head Matter:
The State of Nebraska, ex rel. Gavin Craig, v. John Sheldon.
1. Bemoval of County Treasurer from. Office. Proceedings to remove a county treasurer from office for willful neglect of duty must be instituted by a complaint containing the charges against him, with the necessary specifications under them, and verified by the oath of an elector of the state.
2. -: liability ov treasurer. The fact that the public funds have been stolen from the treasury is no legal justification for the failure of the treasurer to account for them.
3. -: power oe county commissioners. It is not sufficient for the board of county commissioners to declare and resolve that the office of county treasurer is vacant; there must be a judgment of ouster.
Original information in the nature of a quo warranto. Heard here on demurrer to the information.
Demurrer sustained and cause dismissed.
John D. Hayes, for the relator.
Thomas Darnell, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Maxwell, Ch. J.
This is a proceeding in the nature of a quo warranto to oust the defendant from the office of treasurer of Greeley county.
The information states that at the general election held in Greeley county in the year 1879 the defendant was duly elected treasurer of said county, and soon thereafter qualified and entered upon the duties of said office, and continued to act as such treasurer until the eighth day of July, 1880; that on the seventh day of July, 1880, the board of county commissioners settled with the said defendant, and found that there was a deficiency in the moneys in his hands belonging to the county in the sum of $2101.94; that the defendant during said term of office allowed the funds of said county to accumulate in the county treasury in large sums, and neglected and refused to pay the same out upon the warrants of the county when said warrants were presented for payment by the persons entitled thereto, and carelessly kept such moneys in the county clerk's fire-proof safe, when several pei'sons knew the combination to the same; that after said settlement said board of county commissioners demanded of the defendant the re-imbursement to the county of said deficiency, and after his refusal so to do said board did forthwith remove said defendant from office, and did then and there while in legal session declare and resolve that the office of treasurer in and for Greeley county was vacant; and that thereafter the relator was duly appointed treasurer of said county, and gave a bond in the sum of $15,000 for the faithful performance of his duties, and thereupon demanded said office of the defendant, but he refused to surrender the same, etc. The defendant demurred to the information on the ground that the facts state'd therein were not sufficient to constitute a cause of action.
In addition to the facts stated in the information, a brief summary of which is given above, certain exhibits are attached to the information, from which it appears that the alleged deficit was occasioned, by theft from the treasury of the sum stated, between the hours of four p.m., June 12th, and nine o'clock a.m., of the 14th. day of the same month.
Two questions are to be determined in this case: First, The right'of the board of county commissioners to summarily remove the treasurer from office without giving him an opportunity to make a defense. Second, Must a judgment of ouster be entered?
Section 94 of the act concerning counties and county officers, approved March 1, 1879 (Laws of 1879, page 880), provides that "if any county treasurer shall neglect or refuse to render any account or settlement required by law, or shall fail or neglect to account for any balance due the state, county, township, school district, or any other municipal subdivision, or is guilty of any other misconduct in office, the county board may forthwith remove him from office, and appoint some suitable person to perform the duties of treasurer until his successor is elected or appointed and qualified."
Chapter 45 of the Revised Statutes of 1866 (Gen. Stat., 250), provides that all county officers, including justices of the peace, may be charged, tried, and removed .from office for official misdemeanors in the manner and for the eauses following:
First, Eor habitual or willful neglect of duty.
Second, Eor gross partiality.
Third, Eor oppression.
Fourth, Eor extortion.
Fifth, Eor corruption.
Sixth, Eor willful maladministration in office.
Seventh, Eor conviction of a felony.
Fighth, Eor habitual drunkenness.
Sec. 2. Any person may make such charge, and the board of county commissioners shall have exclusive original jurisdiction thereof by summons.
Sec. 3. The proceedings shall be as nearly like those in other actions as the nature of the case admits, excepting where otherwise provided in this chapter.
Sec. 4. The complaint shall be by an accuser agai nst the accused, and shall contain the charges, with the necessary specifications under them, and be verified by any elector of the state that he believes the charges to be true.
Sec. 5. It will be sufficient that the summons requires the accused to appear and answer the complaint of A B (naming the accuser), for official misdemeanors; but a copy of the complaint must be served with the summons.
Sec. 7. The questions of fact shall be tried as in other actions, and, if the accused is found guilty, judgment shall be entered removing the officer from office and declaring the latter vacant, etc.
This statute provides the mode of procedure in cases of removal from office of county officers for any of the causes above enumerated, and is not repealed by the act of 1879. These acts are therefore to be construed together as statutes in goari materia. This being the case, the county treasurer having failed to account for the moneys in his hands properly chargeable against him as treasurer, is guilty of willful neglect of duty, and may be removed from office. And the fact that the moneys were stolen is no legal justification for the failure to account for them. But in order to institute the proceedings a complaint under oath must be filed against him, containing the charges, with the necessary specifications under them. The proceeding is quasi criminal in its nature, and the incumbent undoubtedly may be required to appear without delay and show cause why he should not be removed. But questions of fact must be tried, as in other actions, and are subject to review on error. The right to a trial upon distinct and specific charges is secured to every one thus charged with an offense for which he is liable to be removed from office. If it was not so — if county commissioners, without charges made under oath and distinct specifications under them, and without trial, can remove a county treasurer — the office will be held subject to their whim, caprice, or interest, and the will of the people in the selection of officers liable to be defeated, and. that too without the possibility of a review of the errors committed during the alleged trial. But such is not the law.
The failure of the treasurer to give an additional bond when so required by the board would be a sufficient cause for his removal from office, but the power cannot be exercised arbitrarily without notice and an opportunity being given him to comply with the order of the board. Neither "is it sufficient for the board to declare and resolve that the office is vacant. There must be a judgment of ouster against the incumbent. As the information fails to state a cause of action the demurrer is sustained. And it appearing that the relator is unable to cure the defect by an amendment the action is dismissed at his costs.
Judgment accordingly.