Case Name: Charles Edward MARSHALL v. STATE of Arkansas
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 1978-02-06
Citations: 262 Ark. 726
Docket Number: CR 77-200
Parties: Charles Edward MARSHALL v. STATE of Arkansas
Judges: Harris, C.J., dissents.
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 262
Pages: 726–731

Head Matter:
Charles Edward MARSHALL v. STATE of Arkansas
CR 77-200
561 S.W. 2d 76
Opinion delivered February 6, 1978
(In Banc)
Wheeler, Watkins, Graham & Wyrick, by: William C. Gooding, for appellant.
Bill Clinton, Atty. Gen., by: John Anderson, Jr., Dep. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

Opinion:
Frank Holt, Justice.
On a plea of guilty to aggravated robbery, appellant was sentenced to twenty years ' imprisonment in the Department of Correction. Subsequently, appellant petitioned the court, pursuant to Rules of Crim. Proc., Rule 37 (1976), to modify or vacate his sentence on the allegation, inter alia, that he pleaded guilty upon advice of counsel in the mistaken belief he would receive a five year sentence based upon a mutual agreement with the state. Consequently, the court erred in sentencing him in excess of the unconditional agreement without informing appellant before imposition of sentence that it would not accept the state's recommendation. After an evidentiary hearing, appellant's motion was denied. Appellant now contends, through court appointed appellate counsel, that the sentence was imposed in violation of Arkansas law because the trial judge did not advise appellant in open court that the plea agreement was not binding and if appellant pleaded guilty, the disposition could be different from that contemplated by a plea agreement. Consequently, his plea was based upon a misunderstanding by him of the law and his rights.
At the Rule 37 hearing, appellant testified that it was his understanding that a plea agreement had been made between the prosecuting attorney and his court appointed counsel whereby appellant would receive a five year sentence in return for his guilty plea. His plea of guilty was based on that understanding and belief. It is undisputed that this plea agreement existed. Even so, the state points out that appellant signed a plea and waiver form, with the assistance of court appointed trial counsel, which stated the court was not bound by any recommendation. Appellant admitted he was aware of this provision. Further, upon being sentenced, the appellant responded in the negative when the court inquired if he had any questions. Therefore, the state argues that no prejudicial error is demonstrated even though no inquiry was made in open court about a plea agreement. It appears that at the time of the acceptance of the guilty plea and three days later at the sentencing, the court carefully advised appellant of practically all of his constitutional and statutory rights except whether the tendered plea was a result of a plea agreement.
In determining the voluntariness of a plea, Rules of Crim. Proc., Rule 24.5 (1976), provides in mandatory terms:
The court shall not accept a plea of guilty or nolo contendere without first determining that the plea is voluntary. The court shall determine whether the tendered plea is the result of a plea agreement. If it is, the court shall require that the agreement be stated. (Italics supplied.)
Rule 25.3 (c), which defines the responsibility of the trial judge, provides that " [i]f the parties have not sought the concurrence of the trial judge in a plea agreement, . he shall advise the defendant in open court at the time the agreement is stated that:
(i) the agreement is not binding on the court;
(ii) if the defendant pleads guilty or nolo contendere the disposition may be different from that contemplated by the agreement." (Italics supplied.)
As indicated, it is undisputed that a plea agreement existed between appellant's court appointed counsel and the state providing for a five year sentence. The appellant relied upon this agreement. Although the state recommended a five year sentence, the court did not then determine in open court if it resulted from a plea agreement and proceeded to impose a sentence four times greater than what appellant was told he would receive. The pertinent commentary to Rule 25.3 (c) reads: "The rule is fashioned to eliminate to the maximum extent possible the chance of a defendant misunderstanding the nature and consequences of the plea bargaining procedure. " (Italics supplied.) Obviously, the mandatory requirements of the recited rules with respect to a plea agreement are to avoid the chance, as here, of a misunderstanding by the accused of the law and his rights. We recently held in McGee v. State, 262 Ark. 473, 557 S.W. 2d 885 (1977), where the trial court failed to advise the defendant in open court that a plea agreement was not binding on the court, that "there was no assurance that the guilty plea was intelligently and voluntarily made."
Here the record is absolutely silent with reference to the admitted plea agreement being brought to the attention of the court, either through its inquiry or the attorneys. It is true that the state recommended a five year sentence; however, there is a distinct difference between a unilateral recommendation by the state and one, as here, based upon an agreement resulting from plea bargaining. To remove any possibility of prejudice, we reduce the sentence to five years' imprisonment if the state, through the attorney general, decides to accept this reduction within seventeen calendar days. Otherwise, the sentence is set aside and the cause remanded with directions that appellant be permitted to withdraw his plea of guilty and plead anew.
We deem it unnecessary to discuss appellant's other contention for reversal.
Affirmed upon acceptance of modification.
Harris, C.J., dissents.