Case Name: Matter of the Estate of Seba M. Bogert, Deceased
Court: New York Surrogate's Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1903-11
Citations: 4 Mills Surr. 94
Docket Number: 
Parties: Matter of the Estate of Seba M. Bogert, Deceased.
Judges: 
Reporter: Mills' Surrogate's Reports
Volume: 4
Pages: 94–96

Head Matter:
Matter of the Estate of Seba M. Bogert, Deceased.
(Surrogate's Court, Kings County,
November, 1903.)
Eight of Retainer—Executor’s Eight—He Cannot as Trustee Eetain Income of a Trust.
Where a person, given a legacy by the will of a testator, owed him more than the legacy his executor may retain it and offset it against the debt, but the executor cannot, as trustee under the same will, retain from such legatee, income of a trust created by the will for her benefit—for to permit this would be to allow the estate as creditor to reach property of the debtor which an ordinary creditor of hers could not reach.
Motion requiring trustees to pay over to a legatee her legacy under a will and also accrued income of a trust created for her benefit by the same will.
Hubbard & Rushmore and Frank C. Wild, for executors; Miles & Johnson, for Mary C. Ford.

Opinion:
Church, S.
By the will of the deceased the petitioner was to receive a legacy of $1,000; in addition a trust was created of one-half of the residuary estate, the income of which was to be paid to the petitioner during her life.
The petitioner makes this motion for the payment to her of such legacy and also of the accrued income. This motion is resisted by the coexeeutors and trustees on the ground that the petitioner had made her promissory notes for the sum of $4,050 to the deceased, and that the same is unpaid, and that, therefore, the executors have the right to offset the same against the said legacy and income.
'As to the specific legacy, there can be no question that the executors were justified in not paying the same. Smith v. Kearney, 2 Barb. Ch. 533.
But the income from the trust fund presents a different question. There appears to he no case completely decisive of the question, except that of Matter of Foster, 38 Misc. Rep. 347. After considerable reflection, I am unable to agree with the learned judge in his disposition of that case.
It stands conceded that this income is exempt from the attack of a creditor, yet it must be remembered that an executor of an estate simply stands in the light of a creditor, and if the estate can reimburse itself by retaining this income until the debt is paid then the estate would have a preference over the ordinary creditor of the cestui que trust; it does not seem that any such result should be accomplished.
In the Foster case the learned surrogate based his decision on the fact that any other decision would work an inequitable distribution. But this proposition is something which, it seems to me, the surrogate should not attempt to adjust. It is occasioned by the testatrix, and it would have been a simple matter for the testatrix to have provided for the matter; not having done so it does not seem to me that it is the function of the surrogate to attempt to do it, but simply to consider the strict legal rights of the parties.
The theory of retainer is that it is the executor's duty to collect all debts due the estate, and that such debts are assets due the estate which it is the executor's right to retain and offset against a legacy, but a trustee has no such powers. His duties are confined exclusively to investing and caring for the trust funds and applying the same as directed by the trust; if the trustee was a different person than the exeutor he would have no right to assist the executor by paying over such income to him. The fact that the executor and trustee are the same persons does not alter the conditions and rights of the cestui que 'trust, except that under the provisions of the will in question it is unnecessary to show any formal transfer from the executor to the trustee.
I regret that my conclusions should be contrary to' that of a brother judge and were my convictions less strong I would follow his decision without question.
So much of the motion as requires the trustee to pay over the income is granted.
Motion granted.