Case Name: THE PEOPLE ex rel RICHMOND against THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1867-11
Citations: 3 Abb. Pr. 364
Docket Number: 
Parties: THE PEOPLE ex rel RICHMOND against THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
Judges: 
Reporter: Abbott's Practice Reports
Volume: 3
Pages: 364–368

Head Matter:
THE PEOPLE ex rel RICHMOND against THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
Supreme Court, Second District; Special Term,
Nov., 1867.
Mandamus.—Compelling Production of Corporate Books.
A corporation was required by its charter (in addition to the general provisions of the Revised Statutes upon the same subject), to cause a book to be kept containing the names and residences of all stockholders, the number of shares held by them respectively, &c., which book, the charter directed should, at all reasonable times be open for the inspection of the creditors and stockholders of the corporation. The corporation kept no book precisely answering to the requirement of the charter. It kept, however, a transfer book, a register of certificates of stock, and a stock ledger. On application by a stockholder, for an opportunity to inspect the book prescribed by the charter to be kept, the officers of the corporation offered an inspection of the transfer book and register, but refused to permit the stock ledger to be examined.
Held, 1. That the stockholder was entitled to an inspection of the stock ledger; that being, of all the books kept by the company, the one which most nearly fulfilled the requisites of the charter provision. The circumstance, that it contained more facts than the charter required to be stated, formed no excuse for refusing to furnish it, so long as the company neglected to keep the book required.
2. That the stockholder’s right to have an inspection of the stock ledger might be enforced by mandamus.
Motion for a mandamus.
Aaron J. Vanderpoel and James Emott for the motion.
Clarkson N. Potter, opposed.

Opinion:
Gilbert, J.
The relator, a stockholder of the defendant's corporation, having applied for an inspection of the transfer books, and the book or books of the company containing the names of the stockholders, was offered the transfer books and two books containing registers of certificates of stock extending back to 1864. The corporation has no stock list, nor do they keep the book which the 13th section ©f their charter, hereafter noticed, requires them to keep. The relator states that to ascertain who hold stock in the company, and the number of shares, would require an examination of every entry in these books, and in any book of the same description going back to the organization of the company in 1848; that he afterward demanded an inspection of the stock ledger, which was refused. He then states what a stock ledger is, and shows that an inspection of it would give him the information sought.
The company do not deny that an inspection of the stock ledger would give the relator the information which he has a right to have, but they justify their refusal to exhibit the stock ledger, on the ground that it is a book of accounts between the company and its shareholders, and shows their dealings in the stock of the company.. That it is always regarded as confidential between the parties concerned, and that the information it contains might be used for improper purposes.
A case is not made, which, under the rules of the common aw, entitles the relator to a mandamus. (Taylor Ev., § 1102 ; Grant Corp., 311.) His right to the remedy sought depends on the construction to be given to section 13 of the company's charter, and section 1 of title 4, chapter 18, part 1, of the Revised Statutes.
The charter provides as follows:
" Section 13. It shall be the duty of the said corporation to cause a book to be kept by the treasurer or clerk thereof, containing the names of all persons who are or shall within two years have been stockholders in said corporation, and showing their places of residence, the number of shares of stock held b ' them respectively, and the time when they respectively be-ca ne the owners of such shares; which book shall at all reas mable times be open for the inspection of the creditors and stockholders of the said corporation, at the office or principal place of business of said corporation."
The charter also confers the usual power to make by-laws. The "18th by-law provides that in ascertaining the number of votes on which each stockholder is entitled to vote at the elec tion of directors, the inspectors shall be governed by the number of shares standing in his name, as shown by the stock ledger after the closing of the transfer books preparatory to such election.
By the Eevised Statutes " the' book or books of any incorporated company in this State, in which the transfer of any stock in any such company shall be registered, and the books containing the names of the stockholders in any such company shall be open to examination by any such stockholder." This latter enactment was first made in the memorable act to prevent fraudulent bankruptcies of corporation, passed in 1825. The provision of the charter is in aid of the objects of this statute; and in the determination of this question, both are to be taken together. Being remedial acts, and also beneficial to the public, they should be equitably construed, so as to promote and not impede or frustrate the objects intended. (Cotheal. v. Brouwer, 1 Seld., 562; Reviser's notes, 5 Edm. Stat., 280.)
The question, then, is whether the stock ledger is embraced within the designation of the books which the statute cited!' gave the relator a right to inspect or examine. If it is, I think the duty of enforcing the right by mandamus exists, and under the circumstances of this case, is the appropriate and only remedy. (People v. Throop, 12 Wend., 183.)
Turning then first to the Eevised Statutes, I think it clear that a right of inspection generally is not given, but that it is restricted to the registers of transfers and the list of stockholders ; or if such books are not formally kept, to such book? as the company do keep for the purpose of showing the original ownership of the stock, and the changes which shall have occurred from time to time in such ownership. The book prescribed by the charter is such a book. It is a register of transfers and a stock list combined. The stock ledger, although not exactly the book prescribed by the charter, will serve all the purposes of that book. The books offered do not answer this purpose. They contain the original transactions merely, whereas the statutes give a right to inspect the accounts, or registration of them. The stock ledger is such an account or register, although it contains more than the Legislaturedn tended. It is the only book kept by the company, an inspection of which would secure the objects of the statutes. The charter provides for the obtaining of the requisite information in the summary and ' convenient mode which the book would afford. The company cannot be permitted to defeat these objects by omitting to keep the book prescribed. The statutes do not point out the mode in which the books shall be kept, but describe them by reference to the contents of them; a stockholder cannot be deprived of the right to inspect them because they are kept in a particular way, or because they contain along with the information to which he is so entitled, other information which he has no right to demand. These statutes were passed for the benefit of the stockholders and for the government of the company. The right of inspection is a substantial one, the object of it being to aid the stockholder in promoting the interests of the company, and his own, by the choice of directors. Although the legislature did not intend to create an offensive or vexatious espionage, yet if such an evil results from the wilfull neglect of the company to keep the books, which would secure the right of the stockholder to inspect, without producing the evil, it is not the fault of the stockholder, but that of the company, and such neglect ought not to operate to his prejudice. To justify the refusal of the company to show the only book the inspection of which would secure the right granted by the statutes to the stockholder, would in effect enable corporations to defeat or render nugatory the statutes, by means of a wilfull omission of duty by the officers of such corporations. This cannot be tolerated. If the corporation does not keep the books which the statutes prescribe, it is its duty to permit an inspection of such as it does keep for the purpose of recording the transactions which the statutes give the stockholders the right to know. It may be added, that the by-law referred to, makes the stock ledger evidence of the stock held by each stockholder. Every stockholder has a right to know who are qualified voters, and the number of votes each stockholder is entitled to cast. (1 Seld., 562.) How can he acquire this information otherwise than by an inspection of this book ? It is said it would be wrong to issue the high prerogative writ 'of mandamus for reasons of convenience merely. The answer to this is, that the relator is under no obligation to accept a substitute for that to which he is legally entitled. No power is vested in the officers of the company to compel him to take anything in lieu of that which the statutes give him. (1 Seld., 562.) Such are my conclusions upon the case. It follows, therefore, that the motion must be granted.