Case Name: MACON BASEBALL ASSOCIATION INC. v. PENNINGTON
Court: Court of Appeals of Georgia
Jurisdiction: Georgia
Decision Date: 1932-03-13
Citations: 45 Ga. App. 611
Docket Number: 21751
Parties: MACON BASEBALL ASSOCIATION INC. v. PENNINGTON.
Judges: Stephens and Bell, JJ., concur.
Reporter: Georgia Appeals Reports
Volume: 45
Pages: 611–621

Head Matter:
21751.
MACON BASEBALL ASSOCIATION INC. v. PENNINGTON.
Decided March 13, 1932.
Rehearing denied September 27, 1932.
E. F. Taylor, E. W. Maynard, for plaintiff in error.
Miller & Lowrey, contra.

Opinion:
Jenkins, P. J.
(After stating the foregoing facts.) 1. Under the express terms of the contract sued on, the plaintiff, Pennington, in consideration for Ms becoming indorser for the defendant, was entitled to whatever amount the defendant actually received from the sale of the player Wright. The contract was not one by which the plaintiff was merely secured against loss which might result from his becoming indorser for the defendant, and any testimony which sought to show that such was the understanding of the parties at the time the contract was entered into was inadmissible, since it sought to vary the express terms of the written contract by proof of a contemporaneous parol agreement. Civil Code (1910), § 5788. Since the plaintiff's agreement to become indorser for the defendant, and his performance of this promise, afforded a consideration for the promise of the Macon club to pay over to the plaintiff the proceeds which it might receive from the sale of the player Wright, it was immaterial whether the plaintiff sustained any loss by reason of his having indorsed the notes of the defendant. Consequently the court properly rejected the testimony which sought to engraft a contemporaneous parol agreement onto the express terms of the written contract, and which sought to show that the plaintiff had sustained no loss by reason of Ms undertaking.
2. Whether or not the defendant, with the knowledge and connivance of the plaintiff, in order to obtain a higher price for the player Wright than might otherwise have been obtained, entered into an agreement known as a "cover deal," in violation of the rules of organized baseball, was not material to the issues made by the pleadings and the proof, since the only question involved was whether or not the Macon club had in fact received payment for the player Wright, and, if so, the amount of such payment. For the same reason it was not material to the instant controversy whether or not the agreement as entered into between the Atlanta club and the Macon club was a fraudulent transaction in that it was designed to prevent a major-league club, or a minor-league club of a higher class than the Macon club, from drafting the player Wright from the Macon club for a less price than he could be drafted for from the Atlanta club, and thus, as between the Atlanta club and the Macon club was an agreement which had for its purpose the defrauding of some third person. No question is made or decided as to any right of action the Macon club might have against the Atlanta club for the purchase-price of Wright, if owing and unpaid, and no question is made as to any right of action the plaintiff, Pennington, might have against the Atlanta club, but the sole question involved was whether the Macon club had received payment for Wright, and, if so, what amount it had received in payment.
3. For the reasons stated in the foregoing division of the opinion, the rules of organized baseball, except in so far as they tended to throw light upon the issues of fact involved under the pleadings, were likewise immaterial.
4. While it is the general rule that a corporation can act only through its authorized agents, and the authority of such a'gents is to be found in the by-laws of the corporation, or its minutes, under the facts of the instant case, under the testimony of the witness Eucker, the Brooklyn club and Spiller had become joint owners of the Macon club under an agreement whereby each should have equal authority in the management of the affairs of the Macon club, and on an understanding that the witness Eucker was authorized to act for the Brooklyn club in this respect. The testimony of Eircker quoted in the statement of facts, to the effect that nothing was said by Spiller about transferring the player McCrone to Macon in payment for the player Wright previously purchased of Macon by the Atlanta club until after the instant litigation arose¿ and that Eucker then, as the representative of the Brooklyn club, declined to agree to the proposal made long after McCrone had been sent to the Macon club, was admissible not only as tending to impeach the testimony of Spiller, but as tending to establish the contention of the defendant that McCrone had not been transferred in payment for Wright, but pursuant to an agreement between Brooklyn and Atlanta for the operation of the Macon club. This testimony, with the further testimony on the same subject, raised an issue of fact as to whether or not the Macon club had received payment from the Atlanta club for the player Wright by reason of the transfer of the player McCrone in settlement of any indebtedness owing by Atlanta for the player Wright.
The testimony of the witness Eucker as to a previous statement made to him by Spiller to the effect that the player McCrone and another player named Spencer had been transferred to Macon in payment for Wright was properly limited to the purpose of impeachment, since it purported merely to relate a conversation between Eucker and Spiller, and Spiller had not testified that the player Spencer was a part of the consideration paid to Macon for the player Wright. This court properly excluded other testimony to show that this statement by Spiller to Rucker was not true.
No question is made by the record, or here dealt with, as to whether any action by Spiller, as president of the Macon club, in accepting from the Atlanta club, of which he was also president and principal stockholder, the player McCrone in payment for the player Wright, for which latter player the Atlanta club had received $4,000 from Boston, constituted a fraud as against the Macon club; and no question is made, or here decided, as to whether Spiller could, in his capacity as president of the Atlanta club, offer McCrone to Macon in settlement of the debt owing by Atlanta to Macon, and then, in his capacity as president of the Macon club, accept McCrone as in such settlement. The only question here involved is whether or not McCrone actually was turned over to the Macon club in settlement of the debt owing to that club by the Atlanta club, and, according to the testimony of Rucker, this not only could not have been done without his consent, but was not attempted, since it was' only after the institution of the suit that Spiller proposed such a disposition, and the proposal was flatly declined by Rucker as Brooklyn's .representative.
5. It does not appear that the witness Spiller refused to answer any question material to the issue made by the pleadings and the evidence, such as could have authorized a rejection by the court of his entire testimonjc
6. Any error of the court in refusing to permit the defendant to examine a witness called for cross-examination by the plaintiff was harmless, in view of the fact that the defendant subsequently introduced the same witness for direct examination.
7. The evidence tending to show the value of the player McCrone as much less than the amount received by the Atlanta club for the player Wright should have been admitted, since it threw light as a circumstance upon the issue made by the pleadings and the proof as to whether the player McCrone had been transferred to Macon in payment for Wright.
8. The evidence was in dispute as to whether the player McCrone had been transferred to Atlanta in payment for the player Wright, and, therefore, as to whether the Macon club had ever received anything of value for the player Wright, and for this reason the court erred in directing a verdict for the plaintiff.
9. The other errors complained of in the motion for a new trial are not such as are likely to occur on another trial for the determination of the issues made under the pleadings and the proof, and therefore are not dealt with.
Judgment reversed.
Stephens and Bell, JJ., concur.