Case Name: Lemuel E. ISAAC, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee
Court: Florida District Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction: Florida
Decision Date: 2005-06-23
Citations: 911 So. 2d 813
Docket Number: No. 1D03-3438
Parties: Lemuel E. ISAAC, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
Judges: BROWNING and LEWIS, JJ. concur; KAHN, J., dissents with opinion.
Reporter: Southern Reporter, Second Series
Volume: 911
Pages: 813–816

Head Matter:
Lemuel E. ISAAC, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
No. 1D03-3438.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.
June 23, 2005.
Rehearing Denied Sept. 28, 2005.
Appellant, pro se.
Charlie Crist, Attorney General; Thomas H. Duffy, Assistant Attorney General, Tallahassee, for Appellee.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
The appellant challenges the trial court's order summarily denying his motion and subsequent amendment alleging ineffective assistance of counsel filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850. Because the trial court improperly denied the appellant's amendment as untimely, we reverse.
The procedural history of this case is complex. Following a jury trial, the appellant was convicted and sentenced for kidnaping to facilitate, grand theft, burglary of a dwelling while armed, and armed robbery with a firearm. This Court affirmed his convictions and sentences, with the exception of reversing his conviction for grand theft and remanding to the trial court with directions to discharge that offense. See Isaac v. State, 720 So.2d 306, 306-07 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998). The appellant was resentenced on March 17, 1999; the appellant did not appeal his resentenc-ing. In response to a rule 3.800(a) motion, the trial court resentenced the appellant under the 1994 guidelines to a departure sentence, and this Court affirmed his sentences on July 23, 2002; mandate issued on October 10, 2002. See Isaac v. State, 826 So.2d 396, 396 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002). While his appeal of the resentencing was pending in this Court, the appellant filed his initial rule 3.850 motion on November 9, 2000. On July 23, 2002, this Court affirmed the appellant's resentencing, and he filed an amendment to his rule 3.850 motion on May 30, 2003, prior to the trial court ruling on his original motion. The amendment pertains to his resentencing. Therefore, the two-year time limit began when this Court issued mandate in the direct appeal of his resentencing on October 10, 2002, and his May 30, 2003, amendment was timely filed.
The heart of the appellant's claim is that the reason used for departure, an escalating pattern of criminal activity, is a factual determination that must be found beyond a reasonable doubt by a jury, and that the trial court violated his sixth amendment right to a trial by jury as explained in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), and clarified by Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004). The state's argument that Apprendi is not retroactive is a valid statement of the law, see Hughes v. State, 826 So.2d 1070 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002); however, as Apprendi was decided prior to the appellant's resentencing, the trial court was bound by its holding. Although this Court previously affirmed the appellant's departure sentence on the basis that Ap- prendí does not apply so long as a sentence does not exceed the statutory maximum set forth in section 775.082, Isaac, 826 So.2d at 396, the statutory maximum has since been revealed to mean "the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant. " Blakely, 124 S.Ct. at 2537. Therefore, a departure sentence imposed pursuant to the trial court determining a fact by merely a preponderance of the evidence violates the holding of Apprendi as explained by Blakely.
Under the particular facts of this case, we conclude that reliance on the law of the case doctrine would be manifestly unfair because the United States Supreme Court made clear that the State of Florida's post-Apprendi and pre-Blakely interpretation of the phrase "statutory maximum" violated the appellant's sixth amendment right to a jury trial. See Blakely, 124 S.Ct. at 2537; Horton v. State, 682 So.2d 647, 648 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996) (applying the exception to the law of the case doctrine in a collateral proceeding where this Court relied on an interpretation of case law that the Supreme Court later held erroneous).
We therefore reverse the trial court's summary denial of the appellant's amendment to his motion and remand to the trial court for resentencing or to refute the appellant's Apprendi claim with record attachments. All other issues are affirmed without comment.
AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
BROWNING and LEWIS, JJ. concur; KAHN, J., dissents with opinion.