Case Name: Elias Jessurun, an infant by his guardian ad litem, respondent, agt. James B. Mackie et al., appellants
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1881-05
Citations: 61 How. Pr. 261
Docket Number: 
Parties: Elias Jessurun, an infant by his guardian ad litem, respondent, agt. James B. Mackie et al., appellants.
Judges: 
Reporter: Howard's Practice Reports
Volume: 61
Pages: 261–264

Head Matter:
SUPREME COURT
Elias Jessurun, an infant by his guardian ad litem, respondent, agt. James B. Mackie et al., appellants.
Swmmm’y proceedings'to recover possession of real property—Where tenant is am, infant, guamdiam should be appointed by the court at request of infant —Remedy where cowrt refuses to appoint — Appeal—Injunction not the the propm' remedy— Code of Civil Procedure, §§ 2260-2265.
In summary proceedings by a landlord to remove a tenant, where such tenant appeared and interposed an answer that he was an infant, and asked that a guardian ad litem be appointed, it was probably error in the district court justice to refuse to do so, for which the proceedings should have been reversed.
But the remedy of the tenant was by appeal or motion to set aside the judgment, instead of an independent equitable action for a perpetual injunction against the enforcement of the order of dispossession.
Section 2265 of the Code of Civil Procedure prohibits the granting of an injunction in such a case as this.
First Departmmt, General Term,, May, 1881.
Before Davis, P. J., Brady and Daniels, J. J.
Appeal from order of the special term granting injunction pendente Ute.
G. II. Breuster, for appellants.
Benno loewy, for respondent.

Opinion:
Davis, P. J.
The respondent, Elias Jessurun, is the tenant of the appellant James B. Mackie, of certain premises, under a lease executed by Mackie to him. Proceedings to remove him as such tenant from the premises for non-payment of rent were commenced in a district court of the city under title 2 of chapter 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure, entitled " summary proceedings to recover possession, of real property." On the return day of the precept the tenant Jessurun appeared and objected that he was an infant, and that no guardian ad Utem had been appointed for him. The proceedings were adjourned until the following Monday, and on that day the tenant again appeared and put in an answer alleging that he was an infant, and asked that a guardian ad litem be appointed on his behalf. The justice ruled that no guardian ad Utem was necessary in this case, and proceeded to the trial without appointing such guardian, and made a final order for the removal of such tenant. Thereupon the tenant, by Solomon Jessurun, his guardian ad Utem, commenced this action against James B. Mackie, the landlord. George W. Parker, the justice before whom the district court was held, and Dennis McDermott, the marshal of said court, praying for a perpetual injunction against them from proceeding to enforce the order of dispossession and from removing him from the premises held by him under such lease. An order to show cause, based upon the complaint and the accompanying affidavits, was made, which contained a temporary injunction. On the return day of that order, the special term, after hearing the parties, granted an injunction during the pendency of the action, with costs of the motion.
There is no provision in the proceedings under the statute known as the " landlord and tenant act," or in the provisions of the Code entitled " summary proceedings to recover real property," for the appointment of a guardian ad Utem where an infant is proceeded against; but by analogy there does not seem to be much reason to doubt that such a guardian should be appointed by the court where infancy is alleged and made to appear. The reason of the rule which requires the appointment of such guardian in actions and other proceedings is fully applicable to proceedings of this character. This was said by Johnstoh, J., in Boylen agt. McAvoy (29 Hun, 278) to be " the protection of such persons against what the law adjudges to be their own incompetency to choose attór neys or to conduct their own litigations with suitable prudence and discretion." It certainly would have been the better course for the district court to have appointed a guardian ad Utem when the answer of the tenant was interposed; and it was probably error for which the proceedings should have been reversed, to refuse to do so. But that question by no means disposes of this appeal.
The failure to appoint a guardian in an action for an infant defendant is not a mere irregularity which the infant could waive before he arrived at his majority. It was, as a general rule, under the former practice, an error of fact for which,, upon writ of error and assignment of error of fact, the judgment could not be reversed (Muchie agt. Gray, 2 Johns., 192; Bliss agt. Rice, 9 id., 150; Gosling agt. Acker, 2 Hill, 391; Kellogg agt. Clock, 2 Code Rep., 28).
After the abolition of writs of error for errors of fact, the-remedy in such cases in action was held to be by motion. In McMurray agt. McMurray (9 Ass. U. S., 315) the court-held that, by analogy to the old practice, the remedy ought to-be limited to two years after the judgment, or after the disability ceased, and a motion to set aside the judgment was on that ground denied. In this case the question of infancy- was raised by the answer, duly verified, and by the decision of the court that the appointment of a guardian ad litem in such cases was not necessary. If this was error, the remedy was a plain one, to wit, by appeal under section 2260 of the Cbd'e. The tenant, however, resorted to an action in this court to restrain the enforcement of the final order by perpetual injunction.
Section 2265 prescribes the modes by which proceedings for the removal of tenants under that title may be stayed or suspended, both before and after final order, and expressly enacts that " an injunction shall not be granted before the-final order in a proceeding, except in a case where an injuncwould be granted to stay the proceedings in an action of ejectment brought by the petitioner, and upon like terms; or after. the final order, except in. a case where an injunction would he granted to stay the execution of a final judgment in such an action, and upon the like terms."
We think, under this provision, the court below was not affthorized' to grant the injunction in this ease. It was an application after the final order, and it was not a case "where an injunction would be granted to stay the execution of the final judgment in an action of ejectment. The remedy of the tenant in such an action would have been by appeal, where the fact of infancy appeared and had been ruled upon, so that the question of correctness of thS ruling would have been brought up by the appeal; or by motion to the court in such a case, where the. fact of infancy did not appear. We think that no injunction order would have been allowable to perpetually enjoin the proceedings in such a case. The court would simply have set aside the judgment upon motion or "reversed it upon appeal, and there would have been no necessity for resorting to an independent action on the equity side of the court for a perpetual injunction. In fact, such a proceeding, if allowed, would operate to deprive the plaintiff in such action of all rights which would be preserved to him on the appeal or by motion ; in this case, the tenant has a remedy (if in any mode) by appeal under the present Code as he would have had under the former Code by writ of certiorari. Section 2265 prohibits the granting of an injunction in such a case as this.
The tenant has mistaken his remedy, and the order of the . court below must be reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements of the appeal, and the motion for the injunction denied, with ten dollars costs of the court below.
Daniels, J., concurs.