Case Name: In the Matter of Elizabeth McGovern, Appellant, v. Mount Pleasant Central School District, Respondent
Court: New York Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 2015-06-04
Citations: 25 N.Y.3d 1051
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of Elizabeth McGovern, Appellant, v Mount Pleasant Central School District, Respondent.
Judges: Chief Judge Lippman and Judges Read, Pigott, Rivera, Abdus-Salaam, Stein and Fahey concur.
Reporter: New York Reports
Volume: 25
Pages: 1051–1053

Head Matter:
[33 NE3d 1280, 12 NYS3d 11]
In the Matter of Elizabeth McGovern, Appellant, v Mount Pleasant Central School District, Respondent.
Argued April 28, 2015;
decided June 4, 2015
APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL
Rutkin & Wolf PLLC, Bronx (Jason M. Wolf of counsel), for appellant.
Ingerman Smith, LLP, Harrison (Emily J. Lucas of counsel), for respondent.

Opinion:
OPINION OF THE COURT
Memorandum.
The order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed, with costs.
Petitioner Elizabeth McGovern was employed as a teacher by respondent Mount Pleasant Central School District, commencing September 1, 2008. On June 30, 2011, before the end of her three-year probationary period, the District terminated McGovern's employment, based on the Superintendent of Schools' recommendation not to grant tenure. McGovern brought this CPLR article 78 proceeding seeking annulment of the District's determination, reinstatement with tenure and back pay. In its answer to the petition, the District asserted as an affirmative defense that McGovern had not served a timely notice of claim as required by Education Law § 3813 (1). McGovern's sole argument in opposition to the affirmative defense was that a "[n]otice of [c]laim is not a condition precedent to a special proceeding properly brought pursuant to CPLR [a] rtide 78 seeking judicial enforcement of a legal right derived through enactment of positive law." Supreme Court agreed and directed that McGovern be reinstated with back pay pending a hearing to determine whether she was denied tenure and terminated from her probationary employment in bad faith.
On the District's appeal, the Appellate Division reversed and remitted the matter to Supreme Court for entry of a judgment denying the petition and dismissing the proceeding (114 AD3d 795 [2d Dept 2014]). The Court ruled that the positive-law exemption on which McGovern relied was not relevant to the situation of a probationary teacher seeking to compel a school district to grant tenure. The Appellate Division also expressed its view that section 3813 (1) does not apply when a litigant seeks only equitable relief, but observed that McGovern asked for damages in the form of back pay in addition to an equitable remedy, and brought her lawsuit to advance a private right rather than vindicate a public interest. We granted McGovern leave to appeal (23 NY3d 903 [2014]), and now affirm.
On appeal to us, McGovern contends that she is exempt from section 3813 (l)'s notice-of-claim requirement for two reasons: the monetary damages that she demands are merely incidental to her primary claim for equitable relief; and/or she seeks to enforce tenure rights by estoppel. Even if the Appellate Division may have considered one or both of these arguments, McGovern did not raise them at Supreme Court; therefore, they are unpreserved for our review (see generally Brown v City of New York, 60 NY2d 893, 894 [1983]). Although the District only asserts a lack of preservation with respect to the second argument, we determine independently whether an issue is properly before us (see Halloran v Virginia Chems., 41 NY2d 386, 393 [1977]).
Chief Judge Lippman and Judges Read, Pigott, Rivera, Abdus-Salaam, Stein and Fahey concur.
Order affirmed, with costs, in a memorandum.
McGovern does not contest the propriety of the Appellate Division's ruling on the positive-law exception.