Case Name: BENSON v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1923-10-03
Citations: 254 S.W. 793
Docket Number: No. 7701
Parties: BENSON v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 254
Pages: 793–795

Head Matter:
BENSON v. STATE.
(No. 7701.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Oct. 3, 1923.)
I.Intoxicating liquors <&wkey;I38 — Hotel porter, who procured liquor from drug store- for guest, held guilty of unlawful “transportation” of liquor.
Where a hotel porter, who was requested by a guest to procure some whisky, directed a third person to procure the liquor at a drug store several blocks distant from the hotel, and received the liquor on third person’s return to the hotel, and delivered it to the guest and received compensation therefor, the porter was guilty of the unlawful “transportation” of intoxicating liquor'.
[Ed. Note. — Eor other definitions, see Words and Phrases, First and Second Series, Transport — Transportation.]
2. intoxicating liquors &wkey;l38 —“Transport” defined.
The term “transport” embraces the conveyance from one place, locality, or country to another.
3. Intoxicating liquors <&wkey;168 — One who transported liquor from drug store to hotel, and another at whose direction liquor was procured, are both principals.
Where a hotel guest directed a porter to procure liquor for him, and the porter directed a third person to procure the liquor at a drug store several blocks distant from the hotel, the acts of the third person, were chargeable tp the porter; both being principals in the commission of the crime of unlawful transportation of the liquor.
4. Intoxicating liquors <&wkey;210 — Indictment charging unlawful transportation held sufficient.
Indictment charging that defendant did “then and there unlawfully transport liquor capable of producing intoxication,” held sufficient.
5. Jury (&wkey;!3l (6)— Refusal to permit negro defendant to examine jurors on voir dire ex-animation as to membership in Ku Klux Klan held reversible error.
Refusal to permit a negro defendant to ask jurors on voir dire examination if they were members of the Ku Klux Klan held error, notwithstanding statement of jurors that they belonged to no secret organization whose obligation would in any way interfere with or influence them against .the defendant.
6. Criminal law &wkey;>l09l (7) — Bill of exceptions to refusal to permit interrogatories to jurors as to membership in secret organization held sufficient.
While a bill of exceptions merely reciting reasons for excejfting to ruling is insufficient, a bill to the court’s refusal to permit appellant to ask venireman if he was member of Ku Klux Klan, reciting that by such examination appellant would have been able to show that some of the jurors were prejudiced by instructions given them by such organization to qualify to convict appellant, held sufficient, and the court’s qualification that it did not certify to all the facts did not, in light of approval of bill, controvert the fact that counsel, in objecting, stated as facts the matters mentioned.
7. Jury &wkey;s!36(5) — Right to fair trial for felony abridged by arbitrary denial of right to exercise statutory number of peremptory challenges.
The right of a defendant charged with a felony to a fair trial is abridged by the arbitrary denial of a right to exercise 10 peremptory challenges.
8. Criminal law &wkey;>l09l (5) — Bill of exceptions containing no averments of fact authenticated by the trial judge held insufficient.
Bill of exceptions, complaining of the exclusion of evidence, and consisting merely of the reasons given by the defendant for objecting to the ruling, without averments of facts authenticated by the trial judge, held insufficient.
Appeal from District Court, Palo Pinto County; J. B. Keith, Judge.
Jimmie Benson was convicted of the unlawful transportation of intoxicating liquor, and he appeals.
Reversed.
Moyers & Creighton, of Mineral Wells, for appellant. .
W. A. Keeling, Atty. Gen., and C. L. Stone, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

Opinion:
MORROW, P. J.
Conviction is for the unlawful transportation of intoxicating liquor ; punishment fixed at confinement in the penitentiary for a period of three years.
The evidence shows that J. W. Massey was employed to detect and cause the arrest of persons violating the laws prohibiting the traffic of intoxicating liquors. Massey was a citizen of Port Worth, Tarrant county, Tex. He entered into an engagement with the sheriff of Palo Pinto county and became a guest in a certain hotel in Mineral Wells. He requested the appellant; who was a negro porter at the hotel, to procure some whisky, and handed him a $5 bill for that purpose. Appellant later delivered to Massey at the hotel a pint of whisky. The whis-ky was procured at a certain drug store several blocks distant from the hotel by Wood-all, who, it seems, was another employee at the hotel. Appellant directed Woodall to go to the drug store and procure the whisky, which he did, and paid $3 for it. On his return to the hotel, he delivered the whisky to appellant; also the $2. Appellant retained $1.75 and gave Woodall 25 cents. Appellant carried the whisky from the point at which it was delivered to him by Woodall to the room of Massey, and there delivered it to Massey, but gave Massey no change.
Appellant insists that the transaction reveals that he was merely the agent of Massey, the purchaser, and is guilty of no violation of the law. The position is deemed unsound.
The term "transport" is not defined by the statute, but in common language it embraces the "conveyance from one place, locality, or country to another." 38 Cyc. of Law & Proc-. p. 946.
Appellant and Woodall acted together in conveying the pint of whisky in question from the drug store to the room of the purchaser, Massey, in the hotel. Appellant denied that he retained any of the money given him by Massey. There was evidence supporting the jury's finding to the contrary. According to the state's evidence, appellant's connection with the intoxicating liquor was illegal; his conveyance of it was for an illegal purpose — that of sale. He was not an accommodation actor, but received compensation for what he did. The acts of Woodall were chargeable to the appellant, both being principals.
The indictment charged that appellant did "then and there unlawfuUy transport liquor capable of producing intoxication." This court has held such an indictment good. See Tucker v. State, 251 S. W. 1090. The views there expressed are adhered to.
In the formation of the jury, appellant asked the venireman Harris if he was a member of the organization known as the Ku Klux Klan. Objection to this inquiry was interposed, and the objection sustained. Exception was reserved thereto. It was held in the recent case of Reich v. State, 251 S. W. 1073, that, under the facts .before the court, such an inquiry should have been permitted for the purpose of enabling the appellant to intelligently exercise his peremptory challenges. In that ease the. facts, authenticated by the trial judge, showed that appellant and his counsel believed that persons on, the panel were members of the Ku Klux Klan and that that organization had interested itself and its membership in the conviction of persons charged with crime, and that it was feared that such members, if any, as were upon the jury, and who were members of the organization mentioned, were, by reason of the facts stated, prejudiced jurors. In the case in hand, the court, in qualifying the bill, declines to certify to the recited facts. A large portion of the bill is but a recital of the reasons given by appellant for excepting to the ruling of the court. Such a recital has been uniformly held an insufficient basis upon which to secure the review by this court. See Fuller v. State, 50 Tex. Cr. R. 14, 95 S. W. 541; Bigham v. State, 36 Tex. Cr. R. 453, 37 S. W. 753; Hamlin v. State, 39 Tex. Cr. R. 579, 47 S. W. 656; McKinney v. State, 41 Tex. Cr. R. 434, 55 S. W. 341; Burt v. State, 38, Tex. Cr. R. 397, 40 S. W. 1000, 43 S. W. 344, 39 L. R. A. 305, 330; Benson v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 69 S. W. 165; Douglas v. State, 58 Tex. Cr. R. 125, 124 S. W. 933, 137 Am. St. Rep. 930; Conger v. State, 63 Tex. Cr. R. 327, 140 S. W. 1112; Overby v. State, 92 Tex, Cr. R. 172, 242 S. W. 213; 2 Vernon's Tex. Crim. Stat. 1916, p. 557, subd. 38.
The bill, however, contains a direct averment that by the examination appellant would have been able to show that some of the jurors were members of the organization mentioned, and that such jurors were prejudiced by instructions given them by the organization to qualify as jurors to convict the appellant. The qualification that the court does not certify to all of the facts does not, in the light of the approval of the bill, controvert the fact that counsel, in making his objection, stated as facts the matters mentioned. In qualifying the bill, the jurors stated that "they belonged to no secret organization whose obligation would in any way interfere with or influence them against the appellant." This qualification, we think, does not meet the complaint of the appellant that he, through his counsel, was forbidden to interrogate the veniremen, so that upon facts given by them he could determine upon the exercise of his peremptory challenge. The statement imputed to the jurors by the •court that it was but their conclusion that the obligation of the organization to which they might belong would not interfere with their impartiality as jurors. It is believed that the ruling abridged the right of the appellant given by the statute to interrogate the veniremen and elicit from them facts which would facilitate the exercise of peremptory challenge in an intelligent manner. This subject has been discussed at some length in the recent case of Reich v. State, supra, and authorities there cited.
The statute confers upon one accused 'of a felony the right of exercising ten peremptory challenges. A peremptory challenge, as defined by statute, "is one made to a juror without assigning any reason therefor." If the privilege thus conferred is arbitrarily denied, the right to a fair trial is abridged. See Kerley v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. R. 199, 230 S. W. 163; 16 Ruling Case Law, p. 253, and other authorities cited in the Kerley Case, supra. The right to exercise peremptory challenges would be empty, if one might be arbitrarily denied the privilege of •examination upon voir dire. Such an examination is accorded in this and in all jurisdictions of which we are aware. 24 Cyc. of Law & Proc. pp. 351 and 352. In the text it is said:
" But the right of peremptory challenge within the number allowed by law is absolute, and cannot be abridged or impaired by any arbitrary rule of court as to the mode of impaneling a jury."
See Lewis v. U. S., 146 U. S. 370, 13 Sup. Ct. 136, 36 L. Ed. 1011.
It is also said in the text that the right includes the privilege of "having the jurors sworn on their voir dire, and subjecting them to such examination as will enable the party to exercise the right intelligently." As applied to a peremptory challenge, any juror tendered, whom the accused desires to challenge, is objectionable, within the meaning of the law. See Kerley v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. R. 201, 230 S. W. 164, from which we quote:
"In conferring it, the law gives effect to the natural impulse to eliminate from the jury list not only persons who are rendered incompetent for some of the disqualifying causes named in the statute, but persons who, by reason of politics, religion, environment, association, or appearance, or by reason of the want of information with reference to them, the accused may object to their service upon the jury to which the disposition of his life or liberty is submitted. In other words, the law fixes. the number of challenges and confers upon the accused the right to arbitrarily exercise them."
The bill of exceptions, complaining of the rejection by the court of independent evidence to the effect that members of the Ku Klux Klan had conspired with Massey and paid him money to induce appellant to violate the law, does not show error, in that it contains no averments of facts authenticated by the trial judge, but consists merely of the reasons given by the appellant for objecting to the ruling. The case of Fuller v. State, 50 Tex. Cr. R. 14, 95 S. W. 541, and other cases cited above, support the conclusion here stated.
In view of the verdict of conviction, the punishment assessed being two years in excess of the minimum, and because of the error of the court in unduly restricting appellant's rights to examine the veniremen upon their voir dire, we feel constrained to order a reversal of the judgment. Such is the order.
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