Case Name: STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA, Respondent, v. HIRAM J. STEPP, Appellant
Court: North Dakota Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: North Dakota
Decision Date: 1920-06-16
Citations: 45 N.D. 516
Docket Number: 
Parties: STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA, Respondent, v. HIRAM J. STEPP, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: North Dakota Reports
Volume: 45
Pages: 516–524

Head Matter:
STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA, Respondent, v. HIRAM J. STEPP, Appellant.
(178 N. W. 951.)
Criminal law — district court may rule on motion for new trial after appeal from a conviction.
1. An appeal from a judgment and a motion for a new trial are independent remedies. A district court has jurisdiction to hear and determine a motion for a new trial in a criminal ease made within the statutory time, although an appeal has been taken from the judgment of conviction.
District and prosecuting attorneys — statute permitting appointment of assistant counsel held not repealed.
2. Section 3381, Comp. Laws 1913, was not impliedly repealed by chap. 178, Session Laws 1901 (Comp. Laws 1913, § 3376).
District and prosecuting attorneys — assistant counsel should not he appointed except when necessary properly to represent state.
3. Pursuant to § 3381, Comp. Laws 1913, the district court may appoint, in its discretion, special counsel to assist the state’s attorney in important cases. This power or discretion, however, should not be exercised where it appears that the officials whose duty it is to prosecute can properly represent the interests of the state.
Criminal law — cross-examination and argument imputing improper relations between defendant and his present wife before their marriage held ground for new trial.
4. In a criminal prosecution for statutory rape, where the state, upon cross-examination of the defendant, and also, of his wife, has inquired concerning his relations with his present wife, some sixteen years ago, in Maryland and Virginia, anterior to their marriage, and while the defendant had a former wife, seeking thereby to impute to the defendant improper, if not illegal, relations; and where further, upon argument to the jury, the state, through a private prosecutor, made statements to the effect that the defendant left his first wife and children of tender years and went away with his present wife, before he secured a divorce from the former, it is held that such cross-examination, and such statements considered in connection with the findings thereupon by the trial court, constitute prejudicial error, for which a new trial must be granted.
Opinion filed June 16, 1920.
Criminal action for statutory rape in District Court, Cavalier County, Kneeshawj J.
Defendant has appealed from a judgment of conviction and an order denying a new trial.
Reversed and new trial granted.
J. F. T. O’Connor, Sveinbjorn Johnson, Tudor Owen and Henry O. Owen, for appellant.
Dnder a law similar to chapter 17, Laws of 1901, the state of Wisconsin held that an unofficial member of the bar may not assist in the prosecution for a fee paid by private persons. Beimel v. State, 71 Wis. 444, 37 N. W. 244; Bird v. State, 77 Wis. 276, 45 N. W. 1126.
It is the policy of the criminal law that the prosecuting attorney have active superintendence of the management of criminal trials. He should see that the trial does not degenerate into a private prosecution or persecution. People v. Blackwell, 27 Cal. 66; Hayner v. People, 72 N. E. 792; Com. v. Knapp, 20 Am. Dec. 534; Com. v. Webster, 52 Am. Dec. 711.
Distinct crimes not connected with that on trial cannot be proved against the accused to raise a presumption of guilt, on the ground that, being depraved enough to commit one crime, he may therefore be presumed to have committed the crime for which he is being tried. Com. v. Ferrigan, 44 Pa. 386; People v. Sharp, 107 N. T. 427, 1 Am. St. Eep. 851, 14 N. E. 319, to the same effect.
Ferris v. People, 129 111. 521, 16 Am. St. Eep. 283, 4 L.E.A. 582, 21 N. E. 921.
Where, on the trial of a criminal case, counsel for the prosecution is permitted, in the presence of the jury, to state facts not in evidence, imputing a violent character to the accused, and to comment upon them in argument to his prejudice, he is entitled to a new trial. State v. Comstock, 20 Kan. 650; State v. Tutten (N. C.) 42 S. E. 443; Bryson v. State, 20 Tex. App. 566; Jenkins v. State (Fla.) 48 Am. St. Eep. 267; Ship v. Com. (Ky.) 10 L.E.A.(N.S.) 342, 90 S. W. 945.
G. Grimson, State’s Attorney, Wm. Longer, Attorney General, 8. L. Nuchols, Assistant Attorney General, and Fred J. Traynor, Special Assistant State’s Attorney, for respondent.
On the question of the competency of evidence as to the birth of the child. 33 Cyc. 1476.
Evidence of other sexual offenses admissible. State v. Eice (N. D.) 168 N. W. 369; State v. Bushbacker '(N. D.) 169 N. W. 82.
Extent of cross-examination of witness. State v. Kent, 5 N. D. 516; State v. Malmberg, 14 N. D. 523.
Error waived if no objection made at time evidence offered. State v. Bushbacker (N. D.) 169 N. W. 82.

Opinion:
Bronson, J.
Statement. — This is a criminal action for statutory rape. The defendant was found guilty by the jury on June 21, 1919. Three days later, the court sentenced the defendant for two- years in the state penitentiary. On June 25, 1919, the defendant appealed therefrom. Later, the defendant made a motion for a new trial, which, on January 9, 1920, was denied. In a memorandum opinion, the trial court strongly intimated that prejudicial error occurred in the course of the trial, but, since the state had contended that the trial court had no jurisdiction to hear the motion for a new trial, although such court was of the opinion that it did, the court had decided to deny the mo tion for a new trial. From the order denying such new trial, and also from the sentence, the defendant, on April 1, 1920, appealed to this court.
The substantial facts necessary for the consideration of the specifications of error made by the defendant, are as follows: The information charges the defendant with committing, on February 26, 1917, statutory rape upon one Florence Day. The defendant was then fifty-one years old. He is a married man, having married his present wife in Maryland some sixteen years previous. There are no children as a result of this marriage, but he had children from a former marriage. The defendant had been engaged in operating a livery stable, trading horses and also traveling a stallion. Florence Day, at tbe time of tbe alleged crime, was fifteen years old. She is one of several children of Mr. and Mrs. Day, who lived in Sarles, North Dakota, and operated a farm near there. Tbe defendant and bis wife were neighbors of tbe Days. They visited back and forth as neighbors. At times tbe defendant did some work for tbe Days on their farm. In accordance with tbe testimony of tbe prosecutrix, tbe defendant in June and July, 1917, on two different occasions, bad incomplete sexual intercourse with her. That in February, 1918, tbe defendant bad complete sexual intercourse with her. All of these acts occurred on tbe kitchen floor in tbe home of tbe Days, at Sarles. On November, 1918, tbe prosecutrix gave birth to a full-grown baby girl. She also testified that she never bad any sexual intercourse, either actual or attempted, with any other person excepting tbe hired man and a boy, Larry Stepp, who was a witness for tbe defendant. Concerning tbe incident with tbe hired man, she testified that on tbe Day's farm, in June, 1918, be started or made an attempt to have sexual intercourse with her, but no actual sexual intercourse took place. Concerning tbe act with tbe boy, tbe testimony is to tbe effect that one evening, in December, 1917, on tbe back porch of her home, an incomplete act of sexual intercourse took place.
On tbe other band, Larry Stepp, tbe nephew of tbe defendant, testified that be was a schoolmate of tbe prosecutrix; that when be was sixteen years old be bad complete sexual intercourse with tbe prosecutrix on two different occasions; that one of tbe acts occurred in tbe hayloft of a certain bam in Sarles, about tbe month of February, 1918, and tbe other act in tbe fall of 1918, after threshing time, in a bed at her farm home. He denied having any act of intercourse with her on the back porch, as testified to by her.
On the part of the state the case was actively prosecuted by a private attorney appointed by order of the court, and designated so to serve without any cost to the county. During the course of the trial, the state, over the objection of the defendant, propounded questions to-the defendant upon cross-examination, the effect and purport of which were to show that the defendant had indecently exposed his person and indecently solicited Mrs. Day, the mother of the prosecutrix, sometime-in March, 1918, at the home of the defendant. The defendant denied such act, although he admitted that Mrs. Day, by reason of her frequently coming there, might have seen him partly undressed. Likewise, during the trial, the state propounded questions upon cross-examination, to the defendant, and also to his wife, who was a witness, which tended to elicit evidence and to show that years ago, in Maryland and Virginia, before the defendant was divorced from his former wife, he met and went with his present wife, first, in the home and town of his former wife, and, from there, later, to and in another town. That some of these acts occurred before he secured his divorce from his former wife. From the answers received to such questions, no improper sexual relations were shown between the defendant and his present wife.
During the course of the argument of the private counsel for the state before the jury, he made statements to the effect that the defendant had left his first wife and went away with his present wife; that he left his wife and children of tender years and went off into Maryland, taking with him this woman, who is now his present wife. That he left with his present wife before he was divorced from his first wife. That she was working at housework, while the defendant was working at blacksmithing, and that at least part of the time they lived in the same house where she worked, and he boarded and roomed there.
Contentions. — The state contends that the trial court had no jurisdiction to hear the motion for a new trial, for the reason that the defendant previously had deprived the court of such jurisdiction by appealing from the judgment of conviction to the supreme court.
The defendant has made twenty-five specifications of error. Those that seriously require the consideration of this court are the specifications which maintain that the trial court erred in appointing and per mitting a private attorney to prosecute this criminal action; that it-was error at the trial to permit the introduction of evidence tending to show the commission of a subsequent offense by the defendant of indecent exposure of person and indecent solicitation, and that it was error to permit the introduction of evidence concerning the relations-of the defendant with his present wife before their marriage. And further, particularly, that there was prejudicial misconduct of the private prosecutor for the state before the jury in making statements, concerning such relations.
• Opinion. — The defendant made a motion for a new trial within the-statutory time allowed therefor. Section 10,902 Comp. Laws 1913, and before the time within which the right to appeal had expired. Comp. Laws 1913, § 10,994. This court has heretofore held that an appeal from a judgment and a motion for a new trial are independent remedies. McCann v. Gilmore, 42 N. D. 119, 172 N. W. 236. We are of the opinion that the trial court had jurisdiction to hear and determine the motion for a new trial as made.
Concerning the right of the private attorney to appear in behalf of the state in this case, the record discloses no objection made anterior to or during the trial on the part of the defendant. The record discloses that the state's attorney stated, in the record at the commencement of the trial, that the private attorney would appear as special counsel to assist in the prosecution. We are satisfied that pursuant to-statute, § 3381, Comp. Laws 1913, the trial judge has a discretion in appointing special counsel to assist the state's attorney in important-cases. That this discretion exists, although pursuant to § 3376, Comp. Laws 1913, the attorney general, his assistants, and the state's attorneys are denominated the only public prosecutors in all cases, civil' and criminal, wherein the state is a party of the action. Laws 1901, chap. 178 (Comp. Laws 1913, § 3376), did not impliedly repeal said § 3381. We find no abuse of discretion in so designating, without objection, under the circumstances of this record, private counsel in behalf of the state. See Fox v. Walley, 13 N. D. 610, 102 N. W. 161.
This power or discretion, however, should not be exercised where it appears that the officials whose duty it is to prosecute can properly represent the interests of the state.
In respect to the questions propounded to the accused upon cross- examination, concerning the indecent exposure of his person to the mother of the complaining witness, we are not prepared to hold that the trial court erred in permitting such cross-examination. In view of the direct testimony of the accused concerning his sexual desires and the proximity of the specific act upon which the question is propounded to the act of rape charged, such questions may be deemed proper for purposes of testing the credibility of the witness. Such questions, however, may become highly prejudicial to the defendant, and may serve to highly prejudice the jury by their mere suggestions to the defendant upon cross-examination, no matter how he may answer the same. See State v. Nyhus, 19 N. D. 326, 27 L.R.A.(N.S.) 487, 124 N. W. 71; State v. Hazlet, 16 N. D. 426, 438, 113 N. W. 374; State v. Kent (State v. Pancoast) 5 N. D. 516, 35 L.R.A. 518, 67 N. W. 1052; State v. La Mont, 23 S. D. 174, 120 N. W. 1104. See also State v. Bushbacker, 40 N. D. 495, 169 N. W. 82; note in 48 L.R.A.(N.S.) 238.
We are of the opinion, however, that there is error in the record, both with respect to the evidence solicited and adduced concerning the relations of the defendant, many years ago, with his present wife, and with respect to misconduct of the attorney in his comments upon such matter to the jury. The questions as propounded to the defendant in this respect had no bearing upon any issue involved in the case, and only remotely affected his credibility. They could highly serve the purpose of prejudicing the issues involved in the minds of the jury against the defendant. See State v. Mackey, 31 N. D. 200, 215, 153 N. W. 92. The statements made by the private counsel for the state in his argument to the jury may have seriously prejudiced the jury by reason of their conclusions that the defendant was guilty of highly reprehensible, if not of actual, criminal misconduct in such matter. This was entirely foreign to the issue involved in the case, and could serve only the purpose of arousing the prejudice of the jury, and of directing its attention from the real issue involved in the case. See State v. Gunderson, 26 N. D. 294, 144 N. W. 659, Ann. Cas. 1916A, 429; State v. Nyhus, supra. The trial court, in its memorandum opinion, has stated that "in a large measure the probability is that the jury was guided by passion and prejudice by reason of the admission of such evidence and statements of counsel." In view of such error and the specific holding of the trial court thereupon, we are of the opinion that a new trial should be awarded. It is so ordered.