Case Name: MARES v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1913-06-25
Citations: 158 S.W. 1130
Docket Number: 
Parties: MARES v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 158
Pages: 1130–1132

Head Matter:
MARES v. STATE.
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
June 25, 1913.)
1. Perjury (§ 11 ) — False Testimony — Materiality.
The testimony of accused, on his trial for unlawfully betting at a gaming bank at the house of a third person, that he was not present at the house at the time charged is material so as to be perjury if false.
[Ed. Note.' — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 38-54;' Dec. Dig. § 11. ]
2. Criminal Law (§ 429 ) — Evidence—Judicial Records.
On the trial of accused for perjury, based on his false testimony in the county court on his trial for unlawfully betting at a gaming bank, the complaint and information in the county court are admissible.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 1018, 1020; Dec. Dig. § 429. ]
3. Criminal Law (§ 673 ) — Instructions — Evidence — Purpose oe Admission.
The judgment in the county court not having been offered in evidence but only the complaint and information, the instructions need not limit the jury to the purposes for which the information and complaint could be considered.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 1597, 1872-1876; Dec. Dig. § 67⅛. ]
4. Perjury (§ 19 ) — Indictment — Sufficiency.
An indictment for perjury, predicated on accused’s false testimony in the county court on his trial for betting at a gaming bank, need not charge that the information in the county court was based on a complaint therein.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 65, 66, 70, 71; Dec. Dig. § 19. ]
5. Perjury (§ 19 ) — Indictment — Sufficiency.
An indictment for perjury, predicated on accused’s false testimony in the county court on his trial for a 'violation of Pen. Code 1911, art. 553, punishing any person betting on any banking game wherever played, need not allege that the betting was not at a private residence occupied by a family.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 65, 66, 70, 71; Dec. Dig. § 19. ]
6. Perjury (§ 29 ) — Indictment— Sufficiency.
The indictment which alleges that accused falsely testified that he was not present at the house where the gaming occurred at the time charged, and that he did not wager' at the game, is good if either statement was false and material.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 97-106; Dec. Dig. § 29. ]
7. Perjury _(§ 19 ) — Indictment—Requisites.
The indictment need not allege who dealt or exhibited the game.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 65, 66, 70, 71; Dec. Dig. § 19. ]
8. Criminal Law (§ 825 ) — Instructions.
Where, on a trial for perjury, the alleged perjured testimony and the falsity thereof were clearly established by two or more witnesses, the court having charged that no one can be convicted for perjury except on the testimony of two credible witnesses, need not, in the absence of a request therefor, define a credible witness.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 2005; Dec. Dig. § 825. ]
9. Perjury (§ 37 ) — Instructions.
It was proper for the court, on a trial for perjury, to charge as required by Pen. Code 1911, art. 305, that a false statement, made through inadvertence, or under agitation, or by mistake, is not perjury.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 134r-138; Dec. Dig. § 37. ]
10. Criminal Daw (§§ 419, 420 ) — Evidence —Hearsay Evidence.
Where on a trial for perjury, predicated on accused’s false testimony through an interpreter, the interpreter testified that he correctly interpreted what accused testified to, the testimony of a juror as to what the interpreter interpreted to the jury was not objectionable as hearsay.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 973-983; Dec. Dig. §§ 419, 420. ]
11. Witnesses (§ 340 ) — Impeachment — Proof of Misconduct.
A witness may not be impeached by proof that his general reputation was that of a professional gambler and that he gambled every time he was in town and had money.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Dee. Dig. § 340. ]
12. Witnesses (§ 398 ) — Impeachment — Cross-Examination — Oonclusiveness.
The testimony of a witness on cross-examination that he is not a professional gambler is conclusive and cannot be contradicted by the cross-examiner.
TEd. Note. — For other cases, see Witnesses, Oent.Dig. §§ 1267, 1274,1275; Dec.Dig. § 398.*]
13. Perjury (§ 29 ) — Evidence — Sufficiency.
On a trial for perjury predicated on accused giving false testimony in the county court on his trial for crime, the state need not prove that the jury in the county court was sworn.
[Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Perjury, Cent. Dig. §§ 97-106; Dec. Dig. § 29. ]
Appeal from District Court, Uvalde County ; R. I-R Burney, Judge.
Andres Mares was convicted of perjury, and he appeals.
Affirmed.
L. Old and J. W. Pruitt, both of Uvalde, for appellant. C. E. 'Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
For other eases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
For other oases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes

Opinion:
PRENDERGAST, J.
Appellant was convicted of perjury, and his punishment fixed at two years in the penitentiary.
The perjury was predicated on his alleged false testimony in the county court of Uvalde county, wherein he was charged and tried for unlawfully betting and wagering at a certain gaming table and bank, to wit, a monte bank. The two particulars of false testimony charged to have been given by him on the trial of his county court case was in one that he testified he was not present at the house of one Gregoria Gonzales in the town of Uvalde, Uvalde county, Tex., on the night of June 19, 1912, and the other was that he did not then and there bet and wager at such game, etc. That he so testified in the county court was clearly established by the testimony of two or more witnesses; and that his testimony in both particulars was false, etc., was also clearly established by two or more witnesses. In other words, on the trial of this case it was clearly established by the state by two witnesses or more that appellant was present at the house of said Gonzales on said night of June 19, 1912, and also that he bet and wagered at said banking game, and that he testified falsely on both of these issues before the county court.
Appellant requested two charges, neither of which is so assigned that this court can consider them. Byrd v. State, 151 S. W. 1068, and authorities there cited. Even if they were so presented, neither was called for by the evidence in this case. The fact that appellant testified he was not present at the house of said Gonzales said night was not an immaterial matter but was very material in the trial of the county court case. Davidson v. State, 22 Tex. App. 372, 3 S. W. 662; Washington v. State, 22 Tex. App. 26, 3 S. W. 228; Williams v. State, 28 Tex. App. 301, 12 S. W. 1103.
The state introduced in evidence on this trial the complaint and information in the said county court case over appellant's objection. There can be no question but that these were admissible on the trial of this case. The allegations in the indictment in this case of what offense appellant was charged in said county court ease were substantially, if not literally, what said county court papers charged, and this is all that was necessary. C. G. P. art. 465.
The judgment in said county court was not offered or introduced in evidence in this ease. This court has specifically held that under such circumstances no charge is necessary limiting the jury to what purposes they could consider the information and complaint. Franklin v. State, 38 Tex. Cr. R. 346, 43 S. W. 85, and cases therein cited.
There was no motion made to quash the indictment on any ground. But in the motion for new trial, in which is combined a motion in arrest of judgment, several grounds are set up as to the insufficiency of said indictment, none of which are well taken. The indictment does charge that the county court at which appellant was tried was in session and at a regular session of said county court for Uvalde county at the time he was tried.
It was unnecessary for the indictment to charge that the information in the county court case was based upon a complaint therein. Curtis v. State, 46 Tex. Cr. R. 480, 81 S. W. 29.
Neither was it necessary for the indictment to charge that the betting and wagering charged in the county court case was not at a private residence occupied by a family. The prosecution in the county court ease was based upon article 557, P. C., which made it an offense for any person to bet or wager on any banking game, specifically mentioning monte (P. C. art. 553) wherever played.
The indictment' does charge that the alleged false testimony of appellant in the county court case was material in both particulars, but it would have been sufficient in this case if either was material and shown to be false. Moore v. State, 32 Tex. Cr. R. 405, 24 S. W. 95; Beach v. State, 32 Tex. Cr. R, 253, 22 S. W. 976; Anderson v. State, 56 Tex. Cr. R. 365, 120 S. W. 462; Branch's Crim. Law. subd. 5, § 650, and cases there cited.
It was not necessary to allege in the indictment who dealt or exhibited the said game.
The court charged the statute (article 806, C. C. P.) that no person can be convicted for perjury, except upon the testimony of two credible witnesses, or one credible witness corroborated strongly by other evidence as to the falsity of the defendant's statement. And also charged the reasonable doubt. No charge was requested as to what was meant by a credible witness. Even if there had been, this case did not call for such a charge, as expressly held by this court in Knapp v. State, 101 S. W. 449.
There is no error presented in appellant's various criticisms of the court's charge. Most, if not all, of these criticisms are quite hypercritical. In the preliminary statement of the case the court did not undertake to fully, define perjury, and it was unnecessary to do so in this preliminary statement; but the balance of the charge, in submitting the case, fully and completely embraces all the elements and requirements to constitute perjury.
It was proper for the court to tell the jury, as required by article. 305, P. C., that a false statement, made through inadvertence, or under agitation, or by mistake, is not perjury.
Appellant has some bills of exception to the admission of certain evidence. It is unnecessary to take them up separately. We will state the substance of them. Appellant was a Mexican and could not speak English. He testified in the county court case through an interpreter, who is expressly provided for by our law. Article 816, O. O. P. This interpreter testified on this trial but testified, in substance, that he could not remember fully the testimony of the appellant in the county court case, but expressly testified that the appellant did then testify to one or the other of said false statements charged by the indictment in this case. The state thereafter introduced another witness who testified that he was on the jury that tried appellant in the county court case and that the interpreter interpreted to the jury defendant's testimony in that case and told the jury what defendant testified on the point. The appellant objected to this juror's testimony on the ground that it was hearsay. The court, in allowing the bill, qualified it by explaining that the interpreter in this case testified that he had forgotten what the defendant testified to in the case in the county court, but he truly and correctly interpreted what he said at the time. In our opinion the testimony of the juror was not hearsay and was admissible. 1 Wharton, Cr. Ev. (10th Ed.) § 224. In Commonwealth v. Storti, 177 Mass. 339, 58 N. E. 1021, as given in a note (16 Cyc. 1198), it is stated, where an interpreter swears that he truly translated certain evidence to a court stenographer, the stenographer may then swear that he has truly reproduced the statements made to him by the interpreter. See Misher v. State, 152 S. W. 1049.
Appellant has several bills of exception to the exclusion of the testimony of certain witnesses, as to one of the state's witnesses, Will Plummer, and the ciiarge of the court withdrawing certain testimony from them by and about this witness Plum-mer. The substance of it all is that by one witness appellant wanted to prove that the general reputation of said witness Plummer was that of a professional gambler; and, while the witness Will Plummer was on the stand himself, he asked him if he was not a professional gambler, and Plummer answered that he was not. Also when the witness Plummer was on the stand he wanted to. prove by him that he did not gamble pretty often and every time he was in town and had money, and made this latter proof by the witness himself at the time. On objection by the state and in motion that this-testimony be withdrawn from the jury, the court withdrew that testimony and told the-jury they would not regard it. All this testimony, and offered testimony by appellant, was for the purpose of going to the credibility of the witness Plummer. A witness cannot be impeached by any such evidence. See-Branch's Crim. Law, § 868. So far as the-witness Plummer himself, on cross-examination, testifying that he was not a professional gambler, his answer was conclusive, and appellant could not contradict it. Branch's-Crim. Law, § 869. It is unnecessary to discuss this question or cite the cases so holding on these questions, and, upon the motion of the state when such evidence did creep in, the court properly withdrew it from the jury.
The state did not have to prove that, the jury in the county court case was sworn. Schooler v. State, 52 Tex. Cr. R. 331, 106 S. W. 359, and cases there cited. The proof in this case is cleaf, full, and convincing and all the necessary facts of perjury were-shown by two witnesses or more.
There being no reversible error, the judg- • ment is in all things affirmed.