Case Name: Fred H. Smith, App'lt, v. The National Benefit Society of the City of New York, Resp't
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1889-02-11
Citations: 22 N.Y. St. Rep. 852
Docket Number: 
Parties: Fred H. Smith, App’lt, v. The National Benefit Society of the City of New York, Resp’t.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 22
Pages: 852–853

Head Matter:
Fred H. Smith, App’lt, v. The National Benefit Society of the City of New York, Resp’t.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Second Department,
Filed February 11, 1889.)
1. Insurance (life) obtained in anticipation of suicide, void—Conditions of POLICY.
A policy of insurance obtained by a sane person in anticipation of suicide for the purpose of providing for his creditors and family, although containing no clause avoiding it in the event of suicide, is a fraud in its inception, and can have no binding force in his hands.
:2. Same—Appointment of creditor as beneficiary—Declarations of insured—Laws 1883, chap. 175, § 18.
Under Laws 1883, chapter 175, section 18, giving to the insured the power, with the consent' of the company, to' change his beneficiary, the plaintiff was designated. Held, that the plaintiff got no separate standing by the designation before the date of the death so as to exclude declara- . tians of the insured. The latter stood as owner until he died, and the plaintiff was in no better position in respect to the policy than if the plaintiff’s representative had brought the action.
Appeal from a judgment entered on a special verdict and from an order denying a motion for a new trial made . on the minutes at the Kings county circuit.
Jas. K. Hill and Wing & Shoudy, for app’lt; Andrew J. Perry, for resp’t.

Opinion:
Barnard, P. J.
—The plaintiff was creditor of one John Tyler to the amount of over $10,000. Tyler, in June, 1886, procured from the defendant an insurance on his life for that sum, and subsequently under a rule of the defendant, the plaintiff was substituted as beneficiary under the policy. Tyler died November 11, 1886. The plaintiff furnished proofs of death and the loss was not paid. This action is brought to recover the amount of the policy. The defense is that the insured, Tyler, obtained the policy with the intent to commit suicide and thus to defraud the insurance company out of the insurance money. The policy contained no clause that death by suicide avoided the policy. The proof is abundant that the deceased obtained the policy with the intent to take his own life, and that he was sane at the time he obtained the policy, and the jury has so found.
The deceased was poor and frequently in need of money, and within the year previous to his death, obtained insurance on his life in different companies to the amount of $282,000, divided among thirty-six different companies.
On the day before his death he wrote to his mother that all his policies were in companies which make "no condi tians as to cause of death" "so that my plans are so laid that if I cannot benefit or help myself I can help those whom I should help if I could." On the day preceding the date of this letter he had given directions for his burial and indicated suicide by the words: "I assume all responsibility for this and other acts óf mine." The policy was clearly a fraud upon the defendant without any condition that' suicide avoided the policy. The deceased designed to get a large aggregate of insurance. He was unable and did not intend to continue the payment of the premium until death came naturally, but his purpose was to provide for creditors and family by causing his own death.
This was a legal fraud m its inception and a policy thus obtained never had any binding force in his hands.
The deceased had the right with the consent of the company to change his beneficiary from time to time without the consent of such payee or beneficiary. Chapter 175, Laws of 1883, § 18.
Under this Section the plaintiff was designated and the designation was never changed. The plaintiff got no separate standing by the designation under the policy before the date of the death; before that the sole right was in Tyler. Hellenberg v. District No. 1, I. O. of B. B., 94 N. Y., 580.
The deceased by his designation of plaintiff as beneficiary did not make a case to exclude evidence of his declaration.
He stood as owner until he died and the plaintiff was in no better condition in respect to the policy than if the plaintiff's representative had brought the action.
The case is therefore different from that class of cases which hold that evidence of the declaration of an assignor cannot be received to impeach the title of the assignee, and falls under Swift v. Massachusetts Life Insurance Company (63 N. Y., 186). The charge of the judge was correct.
The jury were told that if the deceased took out the policy with the intent to commit suicide and did in fact commit suicide in pursuance of that intent, the action failed if the deceased was sane when he took his own life, if he did so take it. This covers the whole case and the request to introduce an application of other questions on probable conclusions from the evidence was properly refused.
These considerations seemed to cover the entire case, and therefore the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur.