Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Francisco ESCOVAR-MADRID, a/k/a Victor Valazguez, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2004-09-29
Citations: 109 F. App'x 641
Docket Number: No. 03-4303
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Francisco ESCOVAR-MADRID, a/k/a Victor Valazguez, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before WIDENER, NIEMEYER, and LUTTIG, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 109
Pages: 641–642

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Francisco ESCOVAR-MADRID, a/k/a Victor Valazguez, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 03-4303.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Submitted: Jan. 30, 2004.
Decided: Sept. 29, 2004.
David W. Lease, Smith, Lease & Gold-stein, L.L.C., Rockville, Maryland, for Appellant.
Thomas M. DiBiagio, United States Attorney, P. Michael Cunningham, Assistant United States Attorney, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee.
Before WIDENER, NIEMEYER, and LUTTIG, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See Local Rule 36(c).

Opinion:
PER CURIAM:
Francisco Escovar-Madrid appeals his conviction and eighty-four month sentence for illegally reentering the United States after having been deported, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a), (b) (2000). Finding no error, we affirm.
First, Escovar-Madrid asserts that the district court erred in finding that his request to waive his right to counsel and assert his right to self-representation was made knowingly and intelligently. Determination of a waiver of the right to counsel is a question of law to be reviewed de novo. United States v. Singleton, 107 F.3d 1091, 1097 n. 3 (4th Cir.1997). An assertion of the right to self-representation must be: (1) clear and unequivocal; (2) knowing, intelligent and voluntary; and (3) timely. United States v. Frazier-El, 204 F.3d 553, 558 (4th Cir.2000); see United States v. Gallop, 838 F.2d 105, 110 (4th Cir.1988). Upon review of the record, we conclude that Escovar-Madrid's waiver was knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently made.
Second, Escovar-Madrid argues that the jury should have been instructed that whether he had been deported following a conviction for an aggravated felony was an element of the offense. The Supreme Court rejected this argument in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998). Escovar-Madrid contends that this decision was implicitly overruled by the later decision in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). This court rejected this precise claim in United States v. Sterling, 283 F.3d 216, 220 (4th Cir.2002). Thus, this claim is meritless.
Accordingly, we affirm Escovar-Madrid's conviction and sentence. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED