Case Name: PEOPLE ex rel. WOHLFARTH v. YORK et al. (eight cases)
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1898-10-11
Citations: 53 N.Y.S. 947
Docket Number: 
Parties: PEOPLE ex rel. WOHLFARTH v. YORK et al. (eight cases).
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 53
Pages: 947–950

Head Matter:
PEOPLE ex rel. WOHLFARTH v. YORK et al. (eight cases).
(Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department.
October 11, 1898.)
1. Municipal Corporations—Greater New York Charter— Construction
—Police Officers.
Under Greater New York Charter, § 280, providing that the captain and each sergeant, roundsman, and patrolman of the police force of any town or village in the part of Queens county included in the city of New York shall be members of the general police force, the members of the police force of a village in said county at the time it was incorporated into the city of New York by such charter became members of the general police force of the city when the charter went into effect, on January 1, 1898.
2. Mandamus—Recognition of Police Officer.
Mandamus is an appropriate remedy to compel the commissioners of police of a city to recognize those legally constituting its police force.
Appeal from special term, New York county.
Applications for mandamus, on the relation of Frederick Wohlfarth, against Bernard J. York and others, commissioners of police of the city of New York. From an order granting a motion for a peremptory writ, defendants appeal.
Affirmed.
Argued before GOODRICH, P. J., and CULLEN, BARTLETT, HATCH, and WOODWARD, JJ.
John Whalen, Corp. Counsel, for appellants.
John J. Gleason, for respondent.

Opinion:
WOODWARD, J.
The relator, Frederick Wohlfarth, was appointed a member of the police force of the village of College Point, in the county of Queens, at a meeting of the board of trustees of said village, on the 11th day of June, 1897. At a subsequent meeting, held June 17th, he was appointed captain of police, and his salary was fixed at $1,000 per yeár, the term of office to commence on the 1st day of July following. A sergeant and six patrolmen were appointed at the same time, the sergeant to have a salary of $900 per year, and the patrolmen $800 per year each. The facts are the same in each case, in so far as the law is concerned, and the eight cases were submitted to this court together. The village of College Point was organized under the provisions of chapter 259 of the Laws of 1867, and the relator avers:
"That under and pursuant to the charter of the village of College Point aforesaid, and particularly under and pursuant to subdivision 13 of section 1 of title 3 of chapter 259 of the Laws of 1867, and the acts amending said charter, the trustees of the village of College Point were empowered to organize and maintain a competent police. That the metropolitan police district, as it existed, or was claimed to exist, in 1867, was subsequently abolished by law. That under and by the act (chapter 336 of the Laws of 1897) passed April 23, 1897, entitled 'An act to amend chapter 259 of the Laws of 1867, entitled "An act to incorporate the village of College Point, in Queens county," and the acts amendatory thereof,' amendments were made to the charter of said village of College Point; and one of such amendments, to wit, the amendment to title 5 of chapter 259 of the Laws of 1867, added an additional section, numbered 4, thereto, as follows: 'Sec. 4. In addition to the sums of money authorized by taxation in said village of College Point, the board of trustees of the said village shall have power to raise by taxa tion upon the taxable inhabitants of the village, and the property therein liable to taxation in the year 1897, and annually thereafter, a sum of money not exceeding $4,000 in any one year, and such sum of money so raised, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be applied in the year 1807, and annually thereafter, to the payment of the salaries and compensation <e£ a police force, which shall be organized in said village by the trustees thereof, and the expenses connected with the maintaining of said police force,' " etc.
The special term held that there were no denials of these and other material averments sufficient to raise an issue of fact, and'the issue of law is thus presented whether, under the provisions of the Greater Slew York charter, the relator is entitled to a position as a member of the police force of the city of Hew York, together with his salary during the time that he has been denied such position by the defendants. There is no doubt that the relator was duly appointed captain of the police force of the village of College Point, or that the village of College Point had the right, in the exercise of its powers as a municipal corporation, to make such appointment, and to fix the salaries of its police officials. These are powers inhering in a municipal corporation, and the mere fact that the legislature enacted that the village of College Point might raise a further sum of $4,000 to be used for police purposes did not restrict the board of trustees in making appointments to the police force, nor in fixing the compensation of the members of such force. Dill. Mun. Corp. § 55.
Section 280 of the Greater Hew York charter provides that:
•"The captain and each sergeant, roundsman and patrolman of the police force of the county of Richmond, or of any town or village in that part of the county of Queens included in the city of New York, as hereby constituted, shall be members of the police force specified in section 276 of this act."
Section 276 provides for the organization of the general police force of the city of Hew York, as constituted by the act, and the subsequent sections transfer the police forces of the several municipalities within the territory of the Greater Hew York to the jurisdiction of the police department thus created. A casual reading of the provisions of section 280 would seem to indicate that the relator, having been duly constituted a member of the police force of the village of College Point, which is "in that part of the county of Queens included in the city of Hew York, as hereby constituted," is entitled to a position in the police force of the city of Hew York; but the defendants urge that the language of section 280 differs from that used in the preceding-sections, in that it does not include the words "who shall be such when this chapter takes effect," and that, therefore, it must be differently construed. included in the city of New York, by distinguishing between the respective times at which membership in the old force must exist in order that its members could be transferred, according to the provisions of the said several sections, to the new police force. In the instance of the cities mentioned, such membership must exist 'when this chapter takes effect.' Id the instance of Bichmond county and the towns or villages of the county of Queens included in the city of New York, such membership must exist, in the absence of any specific provision to the contrary, at the only other time possibly consistent with the intention of the legislature, to wit, the date of the passage of the act,—May, 1897."
"It will be observed," says the learned counsel for the defendants, "that :£rom this section 280 of the Greater New York charter, which is the section upon which the relator relies, are omitted the words 'when this chapter -takes effect,' but in respect to the police forces of the city of New York, of the city of Brooklyn, and of Long Island City, respectively, they are studiously inserted and preserved; evidencing an unmistakable intention on the part of the framers of the statute and of the legislature to differentiate the transference of the police forces of those cities to the police force of the city of New York, as constituted by the statute, from that of the police ¿oree of Richmond county and towns or villages in the county of Queens
In making his application of this rule, the learned counselor says that:
"The affidavit of the relator does aver that, under the charter of the village of College Point (chapter 269 of the Laws of 1867, and the act amendatory thereof), the trustees of said village were 'empowered to organize and maintain a competent police'; but nowhere does it appear that such power was exercised by them at any time prior to June 11, 1897, about thirty years after the passage of said charter, and subsequent to the passage of the Greater New York charter. If, then, it be conceded that no police force existed in this village prior to or at the time of the passage of such charter, can it be seriously argued that the legislature intended, or could have intended, that during about the period of six months intermediate the passage of such charter, in May, 3897, and January 1, 1898, these villages or towns, or any of them, could proceed to organize within themselves such police forces as they saw fit for so short a period, and on January 1, 1898, have them transferred by operation of law to the police force of the city of New York, without question as to their fitness or other sanction than the will of such trustees?"
Whatever might be the opinion of this court upon the ingenious argument thus presented in support of the action of the commissioners of the police board in refusing to recognize the relator as a member of the police force of the city of New York, if we were free to express an opinion, we are confronted by a provision of law directly bearing upon this point, which compels us to disagree with the conclusion suggested. Section 1611 of the Greater New York charter provides that:
"For the purpose of determining the effect of this act upon other acts and. the effect of other acts upon this act, this act shall, except as in this section; is otherwise provided, be deemed to have been enacted on the first day of: January, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight: provided, however,, that where by the terms of this act an election is provided or required to> be held or other act done or forbidden prior to January first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, then as to such election and such acts, this act shall take effect from and after its passage, and shall be in force immediately, anjdhing in this chapter or act to the contrary notwithstanding."
The charter of the Greater New York, then, in so far as it affected the police force or operated to repeal the charter of the village of College Point, must be deemed to have been enacted on the 1st day of January, 1898, at which time the relator was a member of the police force of the village of College Point, and, under the rule laid down' by the defendants, would be entitled to recognition as a part of the-police force of the city of New York. While it is probably true that the legislature did not contemplate that the various towns and villages would materially increase their police force, there can be no reasonable doubt that these communities, acting within the limits of their charters, had a legal right to do so until their charters were re pealed by operation of the Greater Hew York charter, which provides, in section 1615, that:
"Upon the taking effect of this act on the first day of January, 1898, all the municipal and public corporations, except counties, which by this act are consolidated with the corporation heretofore known as the mayor, aider-men and commonalty of the city of New York, shall cease and determine, and their powers to the full extent of legislative power in this behalf are respectively devolved upon the corporation of the city of New York as herein constituted and the municipal assembly thereof, unless otherwise expressly provided in this act or by law."
If these, towns and villages had the right to appoint a police force, they had, as a necessary incident to that power, the right to provide for their compensation; and where a public body, charged with the duty of controlling and paying the compensation of a police force, refuses to recognize the claims of those legally constituting such police force, we know of no objection to proceeding by mandamus to compel compliance with the law. People v. Board of Police Com'rs of New York, 114 N. Y. 245, 21 N. E. 421; Hagan v. City of Brooklyn, 126 N. Y. 643, 27 N. E. 265. The order appealed from should he affirmed, with costs.
Order affirmed, with $10 costs and disbursements. All concur.