Case Name: Pulaski County v. Reeve
Court: Arkansas Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Arkansas
Decision Date: 1883-11
Citations: 42 Ark. 54
Docket Number: 
Parties: Pulaski County v. Reeve.
Judges: 
Reporter: Arkansas Reports
Volume: 42
Pages: 54–57

Head Matter:
Pulaski County v. Reeve.
1. Counties: Funding warrants: Act of 1873 constiiutional.
The act of April 29, 1873, authorizing certain counties to fund their outstanding indebtedness is not in conflict with the Constitution of 1868.
2. Counties : Not corporations.
A county is not properly a corporation, but a political subdivision of the State, which, for the more convenient administration of justice and for some purposes of local government, is invested with a few functions characteristic of corporate existence.
APPEAL from Pulaski Circuit Court.
Hon. J. W. Martin, Circuit Judge.
1. County WARRANTS: Funding act of April 29, 1873, constitutional.
P. G. Dooley and M. W. Benjamin, for appellant.
The act approved April 29, 1873, is unconstitutional because:
1. Under our statute counties are corporations, and the act authorizing the issue of the bonds was a special act conferring corporate powers in violation of section 48, article 5, Constitution 1868. Gantt’s Digest, sec. 937; ¡¡.9 Ala., 507; 11 Ga., 307; 46 Md., 500; 33 Mich., 97; 4 Hill, 384; M HI, 654; 39 lb., 166; 3 Otto, 308; <30 Wend., 467; 6 Ohio St, 369; 77 lb., 338; 19 Iowa, 43; 84 III, 590; 103 U. S., 707; 8 Neb., 178.
2. The act authorizes the levy of a tax in excess of that prescribed by section 47, article 5, Constitution 1868, and is void. 30 Wal, 655; 103 U. S., 387; 37 loioa, 43; 106 U. S., 183.
K. W. Kimball, for appellee, contra.
1. Section 48, article 5, only applies to private corporations, and not to counties. See 30 Ohio St., 37; Dillon on Man. Gorp., 3d edition.
Our statutes are full of legislation, special acts, in favor of counties. Whenever the Constitution speaks of this political division of the State, it calls them counties and not corporations. See art. 5, sec. 47, and sec. 38, and 49, and art. 10, sec. 6, and art. 15, sec. 13. See also, 33 Ark., 496; 36 lb., 177; 35 lb., 56; 34 lb., 333.
2. No additional indebtedness was created by the act, and section 5 confers no power to tax beyond the constitutional limit. Besides, section 5 may be stricken out, and the bonds would remain valid obligations of the county.

Opinion:
SMITH, J.
Reeve recovered a judgment against Pulaski County upon certain bonds issued by it under the act of April 29, 1873, to authorize certain counties to fund their outstanding indebtedness. It is conceded that the ment was correct, provided, the act was not unconstitutional. In Worthen v. Badgett, 32 Ark., 496, it was determined that this statute had been enacted in accordance with constitutional forms, and that it was not open to the objection of embracing more than one subject.
2. Counties: Not corporations.
The act is now assailed as special legislation conferring corporate powers, and therefore forbidden by section 48 of article 5, Constitution of 1868.
Although each county in the State was, by section 937 of Gantt's Digest, declared to be a body politic and corporate, yet the term corporation, nowhere in that. Constitution includes counties. There are numerous provisions in the instrument affecting counties, but they are always spoken of as counties, and not as corporations. A county is not properly a corporation, but a political subdivision of the State, which for the more convenient administration of justice and for some purposes of local government, is invested with a few functions characteristic of corporate existence. Commissioners v. Mighels, 7 Ohio St., 109.
The very same section, under consideration, requires corporations to be formed under general laws. Yet every county is, and from the nature of the case 'must be, created by a special law. It further provides that dues from corporations shall be secured by the individual liability of stockholders, and that the property of corporations shall! be forever subject to taxation, the same as that of individuals. But no individual's own stock in a county and its property is exempt from taxation.
Several of the recent American constitutions contain this identical provision. But the courts have uniformly, so far as the cases have come under our observation, refused to apply it to counties. County of Sherman v. Simonds, decided by Supreme Court of United States, January 7, 1874, 3 Sup. Court Reporter, 502; Jefferson County v. People, 5 Neb., 127; State v. Cincinnati, 20 Ohio St., 37; Beach v. Leahy, 11 Kan., 23.
The act is also supposed to conflict with section 47 of the same article, which reads: "The General Assembly shall not have power to authorize any municipal corporation to levy any tax on real or personal property to a greater extent than two per centum of the assessed value of the same."
The second section of the act provides that the bonds to-be issued shall be payable in not less than three nor more-than ten years from the date thereof. And the firth section makes it the duty of the board of supervisors to levy a special tax of sufficient amount to pay the principal and interest of the bonds as they mature. It is argued that a-levy exceeding two per cent, might be necessary to meet the payment of the funded bonds. It is only necessary to say of the objection, that the act confers no power to tax beyond the constitutional limit.
No new obligation or increase of debt is authorized, but only the evidences of the debt are changed, negotiable bonds being substituted for warrants.
Affirmed.