Case Name: JUDGE LYNCH INTERNATIONAL BOOK & PUBLISHING CO. v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1919-01-22
Citations: 208 S.W. 526
Docket Number: No. 5253
Parties: JUDGE LYNCH INTERNATIONAL BOOK & PUBLISHING CO. v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 208
Pages: 526–526

Head Matter:
JUDGE LYNCH INTERNATIONAL BOOK & PUBLISHING CO. v. STATE.
(No. 5253.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Jan. 22, 1919.)
1. Corporations <§=>526 — Partnership <§=> 175 — Liability to Criminal Prosecution.
There is no provision of law in Texas under which a firm or corporation can be indicted or tried under the criminal laws.
2. Licenses <S=>42(3) — Firms or Corporations — Liability to Criminal Prosecutions.
Information, alleging that the Judge Lynch International Book & Publishing Company then and there as a firm . and private employment agency carried on the business of an emigrant agent without first having obtained a license, charges either a firm or corporation and is insufficient, since Act 35th Leg. (3d Called Sess.) c. 36, § 6 (Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, art. 999½), mentions “any person” only as punishable.
3. Licenses <®=>40, 42(3) — Firms or Corporations — Liability to Criminal Prosecutions — Indictment.
Any person who does acts inhibited by Act 35th Leg. (3d Called Sess.) c. 36 (Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, arts. 5246 — 101 to 5246— 107, 999½), without license as required, may be prosecuted although using a guise or trade-name, but in such case the indictment should be. against the individual whose acts constitute a violation.
Appeal from Galveston County Court, at Law; J. C. Canty, Judge.
The Judge Lynch International Book & Publishing Company was convicted of carrying on the business of an emigrant agent without first having obtained a license therefor from the Commissioner of Labor Statistics, and appeals.
Reversed, and prosecution ordered dismissed.
E. B. Hendricks, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State. t

Opinion:
LATTIMORE, J.
This is an appeal from a judgment of conviction of the Judge Lynch International Book & Publishing Company, sometimes called the Judge Lynch International Book Publishing Company, in the county court of Galveston county at law.
The defendant was adjudged guilty and its punishment fixed at a fine of $100 and 30' days' confinement in the county jail.
The Assistant Attorney General for the state, in his brief, has confessed error, in that a firm or corporation cannot be criminally prosecuted under the laws of this state.
There are no 'bills of exception in the record, so that none of the errors complained of by appellant are properly before this court. No motion to quash upon any proper ground was made, but, as stated by the Assistant Attorney General, there is no provision of law in this state under which a firm or eorporation can be indicted or tried under the criminal laws, as seems to have been the effort here.
It is alleged in the information that the Judge Lynch International Book & Publishing Company is a firm and a private employment agency, of .which E. C. Branch is president, and that a capias can be served upon him. This is the end of any description of the defendant in either the affidavit or the information. It is also alleged as follows:
"The said Judge Lynch International Book & Publishing Company, sometimes known and called the Judge Lynch International Book Publishing Company, then and there as a firm and private employment agency carrying on the business of an emigrant agent without first having obtained a license therefor from the Commissioner of Labor Statistics," etc.
We are clearly of opinion that the affidavit and information charge either a firm or a corporation, it is not clear which, and therefore charges no offense. In this connection, and as the act under which this prosecution is had is a new one, and possibly of some importance, we observe that said act, which is the work of the Third Called Session of the Thirty-Fifth Legislature, and ap--pears on page 108 of the printed laws of said called session (Vernon's Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, arts. 5246 — 101 to 5246 — 107, 990½), penalizes any person who violates its provisions, and we call attention to the fact that section 6 of said act (Vemon's Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, art, 999½), which is the one containing the penalty clause, only mentions "any person" as punishable, and this, in a criminal statute and prosecution, must be a natural person, and omits reference to any firm or corporation. Any person, therefore, who does the inhibited acts, without license as required, may be prosecuted, and the fact that such person uses any guise or trade-name in carrying on the business will make no difference in the form of prosecution and will be no defense, but in such case the indictment should be against the individual whose acts constitute a violation of the law. The pleader might, in a proper case, allege that such person was doing business under whatsoever trade-name might be used.
For the reasons stated, the judgment of the trial court is reversed, and the prosecution ordered dismissed.
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