Case Name: Thornton v. Corbin
Court: Court of Appeals of Virginia
Jurisdiction: Virginia
Decision Date: 1802-04-17
Citations: 3 Call 221
Docket Number: 
Parties: Thornton v. Corbin.
Judges: 
Reporter: Virginia Reports
Volume: 7
Pages: 494–495

Head Matter:
Thornton v. Corbin.
[Saturday, April 17, 1802.]
Practice — Dismissal of Suit— Re-docketing — Qurere.— Whether a suit which has been dismissed by mistake, can be re-docketed at a subsequer t term.
This was a motion to set aside an order of this Court, for dismissing an appeal by Thornton from a decree of the High Court of Chancery. *The facts were, that Mr. Marshall had been retained as counsel for the appellant before his appointment to the office of Chief Justice; but, had omitted to mark himself on the docket, or to inform the gentleman who was to finish his business. In consequence of which the appeal was dismissed, at April term 1801, for want of prosecution. At October term 1801, a rule was obtained by Thornton to shew cause, at this term, why the order of dismission should not be set aside, and the cause re-docketed.
Warden, for the appellee.
The appellant ought always to be ready, and as it was notorious that his former counsel was appointed to a public station, he ought to have employed another, or applied to the gentleman who finished the business of Mr. Marshall. Besides, the Court have no authority to set aside the dismission.
Call, contra.
There appears to have been a surprise on the appellant, who supposed that the cause would have been attended to; and, therefore, if the Court have power to correct the mistake, it ought to be done. But, it is clear that, at common law, the Court does possess the power of setting aside any order or judgment which has been obtained by fraud or surprise. 21 Vin. Abr. 53S; 1 Ventr. 78; Barne’s Notes, 239.
These cases clearly prove the principle, and establish the power of the Court at common law. Nor does the act of .Assembly R. C. 69, make any difference. Ror, '& 18 relates to the cases enumerated in 2 17; and it means where appeals, writs of error and supersedeas which have not been brought up within two terms, and have for that reason been dismissed, that there, no new appeal, writ of error, or supersedeas shall be allowed; and not a dismission where the cause has been brought up in time: And, there is a good reason for the distinction: namely, that in those cases the dismission is to be unless cause be shewn to the contrary, *and therefore notice is required, and the appellant, if he wishes it, heard against the dismission. After which, he ought not to be allowed to insist upon the same matter over again. But; here he has never been heard at all; and, therefore, there is not the same reason for disallowing the motion to set aside the order which was obtained by surprise, and to re-docket the cause.
Warden and Wickham, in reply.
The cases cited do not apply, as they were all cases of plain fraud, and there was none here. The practice would be attended with dangerous consequences; for, if allowed, it may be carried to an alarming extent. Thus, if an office-judgment be obtained, the defendant may insist that he employed counsel to defend him, who failed to appear, and for that reason set aside the judgment, although regularly obtained. Some difficulty, too, may arise from the order having been transmitted to the Court of Chancery, where it has probably been entered, and an execution issued in conformity thereto.
Call.
No inconvenience of the nature mentioned on the other side, is to be apprehended from the precedent; because, the judgment will never be vacated but for fraud or surprise; nor then, without the applicant has substantial justice on his side. Ror, an application merely for delay, would not be countenanced. But, with this limitation the practice is useful, tends to promote justice, and is agreeable to the principles of the law: like the case of [Jeffereys v. Walter,] 1 Wils. 177, where the defendant instructed his attorney to plead that the bond was given for a gaming consideration, but he omitted to do so, and on affidavit of these facts, the plea was allowed after the usual time. In the Rederal Court, two judgments were set aside, at subsequent terms, upon the same ground that the application is made in the present case, which shews the general opinion entertained of the law in such cases.
Cur. adv. vul't.
Practice — Dismissal of Suit — Re-docketing.—Where a suit has been dismissed by the appellate court for want of prosecution, it cannot as of right be re-docketed at a subsequent term; but if upon a rule or notice it be shown, that the case was dismissed by fraud, accident or mistake, the case may be re-docketed at.a subsequent term of the court. Casanova v. Kreusch, 21 W. Va. 729, citing the principal case: Thornton v. Corbin, 3 Call 232; Craigen v. Thorn, 3 Hen. & M. 269; Emory v. Erskine, 7 Leigh 267.
The principal case is also cited with approval in Perry v. Horn, 21 W. Va. 741, for the proposition that, if a case has been dismissed for want of prosecution, through some accidentor mistake or through the fraud of the appellees, the appellate court can reinstate it at a subsequent term, if such equitable circumstances can be proven by affidavits.
Thus, it was held in Beasley v. Owen, 3 Hen. & M. 449, citing the principal case, that if the clerk of the court of appeals be directed by the court to set aside a judgment, and, by misapprehension, the entry of the order be omitted, itmay be done at a subsequent term, and the cause re-docketed.

Opinion:
*LYONS, Judge,
delivered the resolution of the Court. That whatever might be their opinion in other cases of this kind, in the present instance, they were clearly of opinion that Thornton had not made such a case as should entitle him to have his cause re-docketed. Ror, he does not shew that he was under any surprise, or that he gave himself any trouble about the matter. It is only stated that Mr. Rootes applied; but by what authority, or why application was not made to counsel, after Mr. Marshall left the bar, does not appear.
Rule to be discharged.
Call, then moved, that the order might be suspended until the arrival of Mr. Rootes, to see if the defect of evidence, as to the surprise, could not be supplied; and read the certificate of Mr. Marshall, in these words: "I am told that it is questioned whether I was employed for Thornton, in the Court of Appeals, from the Court of Chancery. I was employed, and certainly should have appeared, had I been present when the case was called. I had not received the fee, but attributed that entirely to my being so frequently from home, and certainly felt no difficulty on that account with Col. Thornton. I did not think, from my idea of the state of the docket, that the cause could have been heard so soon, as I understood it was dismissed; but I really thought I had been marked."
PER CTJR.
That is not sufficient. Mr. Thornton ought to have applied to counsel himself, after Mr. Marshall's appointment.
Rule discharged.