Case Name: The County of Clay, Appellee, v. The County of Palo Alto, Appellant
Court: Iowa Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Iowa
Decision Date: 1891-05-25
Citations: 82 Iowa 626
Docket Number: 
Parties: The County of Clay, Appellee, v. The County of Palo Alto, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Iowa Reports
Volume: 82
Pages: 626–632

Head Matter:
The County of Clay, Appellee, v. The County of Palo Alto, Appellant.
1. Settlement of Pauper: minors: emancipation. A legitimate minor child who has been emancipated by agreement with his father cannot under the poor laws of the state acquire by residence a settlement independent of that of his father.
2. Care of Pauper: payment of expense for another county: certificate of trustees. A county is entitled to recover for reasonable charges and expenses paid on behalf of another county in the care of a pauper, though such payment was made without the certificate of the township trustees.
S.-: application for aid. The application for relief required to be made in such cases by the provisions of section 1365 of the Code may be made by another than the one seeking relief.
Appeal from Kossuth District Court. — How. G-eorg-e H. Caer, Judge.
Monday, May 25, 1891.
Actiow to recover for medical services, care and -supplies furnislied one John Finn, a poor person, whose -alleged settlement is in the defendant county. The following stipulation of facts was filed in the case:
“ It is hereby agreed and stipulated as a part of the facts in the above-entitled cause as follows: That John Finn is now nineteen years of age. That he is unmarried, and never has been married. That he is the same person to whom the medical aid, care and attendance •of Hr. Chas. McAllister was furnished which was the basis of this action, as well as the person to whom M. C. Johnson furnished care, etc., now filed herein. 'That up to the time said matters and things were furnished he was sick and unable to work, and had no means of support of his own. That his father had ample means with which to support said John Finn, ■hut neither the hoard of supervisors of Clay county nor the trustees of Herland township had Itnowledge ■thereof. That on July, 1885, the said John Finn left the residence and home of his father with the intention ■ of not returning to Falo Alto county, Iowa. That, prior to Ms leaving, he and his father, David Finn, ■signed articles of agreement, in which it was agreed ■that said John Finn should have his time until ht attained his majority, and he was not to look to his father for support, and his father was not to he Habit for his debts; a notice of which agreement was duly published in the Palo Alto Pilot, a weeldy newspaper published in defendants county, of which notice the board of supervisors, nor trustees aforesaid, had actual Itnowledge. Upon leaving Palo Alto county, the said John Finn went to C lay county, Iowa, and hired out to worlt for a resident of northern C lay county, and worked for him until the spring of 1886, when he went into the southern part of the county, and hired out to John Mates as a farm hand, where he remained until he was talcen siete in the. spring of 1887. That the notice written by the auditor of Clay county to the county auditor and board of supervisors of Palo Alto county, copies of which are set out in the deposition of A. D. Franklin, and ■ filed herein, are now lost, and cannot be found. That there was never any record made of any action by the board of supervisors of Palo Alto county, Iowa, on the notices last above referred to. That David Finn is the father of John Finn, and is now, and has been, a resident of Palo Alto county, Iowa, for the past six years ; and he, the said David Finn, has had during the said six years no other residence or legal settlement.”
The plaintiff (by agreement of parties to thus present the question) moved to strike from the stipulation the italicized part, on the ground that it was immaterial; and the court sustained the motion. Upon the remaining facts, with others undisputed, the court instructed the jury that the legal settlement of John Finn was in the defendant county. The case on other issues was tried to a jury, that returned a verdict for the plaintiff, and from a judgment thereon the defendant appeals.
Affirmed.
Thomas O’Conner and Ciarte & Call, for appellant.
A. C. Parteer, for appellee.

Opinion:
Granger, J.
I. The action of the court in striking from the stipulation, and holding that the settlement of Finn was in the defendant county, presents the first question for us to determine. The appellant's contention m this respect is that the facts stricken from the stipulation show John Finn had been emancipated from his father, and, being- emancipated, it was competent for him to make or create a new settlement in another county. Some provisions of our Code are important in this connection. Chapter 1 of title 11 treats "of the settlement and support of the poor." Section 1352 is a part of chapter 1 and provides: "Legal settlements may be acquired in the counties as follows: First. Any person having attained majority, and residing in this state one year without being warned as hereinafter provided, gains a settlement in the county of his residence. Fourth. Legitimate minor children follow and have the settlement of their father, if he have one ; but, if he have none, then that of his mother." Other subdivisions of the section provide for the settlement of married women with their husbands, and those abandoned by them, of illegitimate minors, of minors whose parents have no settlement, and of minors bound as apprentices and servants ; but there is no provision for minors who are emancipated,' except that the settlement of legitimate minor children follow that of their father. It thus appears that no person can obtain a settlement under the poor laws of the state (with the exception stated) unless he has attained his majority. While a minor, emancipated, may have some additional rights or privileges, he does not from that fact alone attain his majority. Code, section 2237, provides: ' The period of minority extends in males to the age of twenty-one years, and in females to that of eighteen years ; but all minors attain their majority by marriage." Authorities are cited to the effect that when children lose the settlement of their father, under the poor laws by contracting some relation so as permanently and wholly to exclude the parental control by acquiring a new settlement, they are said to be emancipated." The legal proposition goes to what constitutes emancipation; but the appellant seems to rely on the incidental fact that it shows the settlement of a minor independent of that of his father, — that is, that such a fact may be. That might be true in this state. Suppose a minor is bound as an apprentice or servant under subdivision 7, of section 1352, he would acquire a new settlement, and the effect would be emancipation. It is an exact application of the law cited. But it does not follow that, because a new settlement results in emancipation, emancipation results in a new settlement, or one independent of the father. We think the district court did not err in holding that the legal settlement of Finn was in the-defendant county, and, hence, that it was not error to strike from the stipulation.
II. The amount of the plaintiff's claim against the defendant county was three hundred and sixty-three dollars and fifty cents, of which amount the-plaintiff paid to one Dr. McAllister, for medical services, the sum of two hundred a:a(l ninety-seven dollars. The allowance to Dr. McAllister was allowed and paid by the plaintiff's board of supervisors without a certificate-from the township trustees, as contemplated by Code, section 1366, as follows : ' ' All claims and bills for the suppiort of the poor shall be certified to be correct by the proper trustees, and presented to the board of supervisors, and, if they are satisfied that they are reasonable- and proper, they are to be paid out of the county treasury." The district court, in effect, held that such certificate was not essential to the plaintiff's right of recovery, and instructed the jury that the plaintiff was entitled to recover the reasonable charges and expenses, as shown by other evidence in the case; and this is. a ground of complaint, and in presenting the point it says: " What wTe claim is that we are entitled to certain official evidence that the services were rendered, and that the charges were reasonable and proper. The law in support of the appellant's theory is Code, section 1366, which provides that "all claims and bills for the care- and support of the poor shall be certified to be correct by the proper trustees, and presented to the board of supervisors," etc. In Sloan v. Webster Co., 61 Iowa, 738, it is held that a certificate in conformity to the section is essential to the plaintiff's right of recovery,— that is, that the absence of such a certificate is a legal ground of refusal. The question before us in this case is, is the section a limitation on the right of the board of supervisors to allow a claim without such certificate ?. The query is definitely answered in the negative in Collins v. Lucas Co., 50 Iowa, 448, where it is said that the board "may waive the trustees' certificate if satisfied of the truth of all the certificate would show." This holding the appellant does not question, but insists that Clay county had no right to waive such proofs for the defendant county. The law which is the basis of the plaintiff's right of action is found in Code, section 1358, as follows : " The county where the settlement is shall be liable to the county rendering relief for all reasonable charges and expenses incurred in the relief and care of a poor person." We are unable to discern a reason why the board may not waive the trustees' certificate in a case where, the relief furnished is on behalf of another county, as well as where it is furnished to one having a settlement in that county. The measure of plaintiff's right of recovery is not what is paid for relief, but for reasonable charges and expenses. 'The defendant county would not be bound by the certificate of the trustees, nor would the plaintiff county be protected by such a certificate if the amount therein stated was unreasonable. It is not the policy of the law to permit the county furnishing the relief to also furnish the evidence by which the amount of its recovery is to be .determined. We think the ' court did not err in its manner of submitting the question to the jury.
III. The defendant asked the court to instruct the '• jury that "before the trustees were authorized to extend aid the person must make application for' relief to said trustees, and they must.determine that he is a proper subject for relief," etc.' The claim is based on Code, section 1365, which provides: " The poor shall make application for relief to the trustees of the township where they may be, and if the trustees are satisfied that the applicant is in such a state of want as requires relief at the public expense they may afford it," etc. It is said that there is no evidence that John Finn ever made application to the trustees for relief. There is, however, evidence that one John Mates made application for him, and that the trustees ordered the relief to be furnished. Such an application is sufficient under the law.
IV.- There is a complaint that under the evidence the charges of Dr. McAllister are shown to be too high, in that he charged the county full prices for visits to Finn, when he had other patients in the same locality. The question of the reasonableness of the charges was submitted to the jury, and under the state of the evidence we are not warranted in interfering.
The judgment is aeeibmed.