Case Name: YONGJIN WU, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2013-09-06
Citations: 535 F. App'x 23
Docket Number: No. 11-945 NAC
Parties: YONGJIN WU, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
Judges: PRESENT: ROSEMARY S. POOLER, ROBERT D. SACK and DENNY CHIN, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 535
Pages: 23–25

Head Matter:
YONGJIN WU, Petitioner, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, Respondent.
No. 11-945 NAC.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Sept. 6, 2013.
Gary J. Yerman, New York, N.Y., for Petitioner.
Tony West, Assistant Attorney General; Ernesto H. Molina, Jr., Assistant Director; Dana M. Camilleri, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.
PRESENT: ROSEMARY S. POOLER, ROBERT D. SACK and DENNY CHIN, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
Petitioner Yongjin Wu, a native and citizen of the People's Republic of China, seeks review of a February 18, 2011, decision of the BIA affirming the June 9, 2009, decision of Immigration Judge ("IJ") Barbara Nelson denying his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"). In re Yongjin Wu, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. Feb. 18, 2011), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City June 9, 2009). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history of the case.
Under the circumstances of this case, we have considered both the BIA's and the IJ's decisions. See Yan Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir.2005). The applicable standards of review are well-established. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Yanqin Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510, 513 (2d Cir.2009).
Where an applicant for asylum or withholding of removal has not alleged past persecution, he must demonstrate a well-founded fear of future persecution to be eligible for relief. See Kyaw Zwar Tun v. INS, 445 F.3d 554, 564 (2d Cir.2006). An applicant may make this showing in one of two ways: first, by demonstrating that he " 'would be singled out individually for persecution,' " or, second, by "provfing] the existence of 'a pattern or practice in his or her country of nationality . of persecution of a group of persons similarly situated to the applicant' . and . establishing] 'his or her own inclusion in, and identification with, such [a] group.'" Id. (quoting 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b)(2)(iii)). "Put simply, to establish a well-founded fear of persecution in the absence of any evidence of past persecution, an alien must make some showing that authorities in his country of nationality are either aware of his activities or likely to become aware of his activities." Hongsheng Leng v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 135, 143 (2d Cir.2008).
In this case, Wu does not allege that he suffered any past persecution in China, and the agency reasonably concluded that Wu failed to establish a well-founded fear of future persecution in China. Wu offered no evidence that authorities in China are aware that he practices Christianity. Wu argues instead that, if returned to China, he will proselytize, and, thus, his religious beliefs will be revealed to the authorities, and he will be subject to persecution. As an initial matter, the testimony of Wu's pastor demonstrated that Wu does not need to spread the gospel in public to practice his faith. Rather, it can be done in private.
Further, to the extent that Wu might openly practice his faith in China, substantial evidence supports the agency's conclusion that Wu's fear of persecution is not well-founded. The background materials provided by Wu in support of his application demonstrate that, although the prac tice of Christianity is restricted in some areas, the degree of restriction varies widely from province to province. Wu offered no evidence demonstrating that Christians in Fujian are subject to persecution. Although he offered letters describing incidents of negative treatment of Christians in his province, neither letter established that Wu would be persecuted for proselytizing or described harm rising to the level of persecution. Brief periods of detention, on their own, do not rise to the level of persecution. See Ai Feng Yuan v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 416 F.3d 192, 198 (2d Cir.2005), overruled on other grounds by Shi Liang Lin v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 494 F.3d 296, 313 (2d Cir.2007). Nor do unfulfilled threats. See Gui Ci Pan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 449 F.3d 408, 412-13 (2d Cir.2006). Accordingly, neither letter supports Wu's claim that he has a well-founded fear of persecution on the basis of his Christian faith. Absent "solid support" in the record that his fear is objectively reasonable, Wu's claim that he fears future persecution is "speculative at best." Jian Xing Huang v. U.S. INS, 421 F.3d 125, 129 (2d Cir.2005).
The agency also reasonably concluded that Wu failed to demonstrate a pattern or practice of persecution of Christians in China. Wu argues that the background materials describe the continued repression of religious practices in China. However, although the background materials demonstrate the mistreatment of some Christians in China, nothing in the record compels the conclusion that it is sufficiently "systemic, pervasive or organized" to establish a pattern or practice of persecution. In re AM-, 23 I & N Dec. 737, 741 (BIA 2005).
Accordingly, the agency reasonably denied Wu's application for asylum. Because Wu's claims for withholding of removal and CAT relief are based on the same factual predicate as his asylum claim, we find that the agency reasonably denied those claims as well. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(2)(iii); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(2)(i); see also Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156 (2d Cir.2006).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. As we have completed our review, the pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DENIED as moot.