Case Name: Hopper v. Nicholas
Court: Supreme Court of Ohio
Jurisdiction: Ohio
Decision Date: 1922-12-29
Citations: 106 Ohio St. 292
Docket Number: No. 17323
Parties: Hopper v. Nicholas.
Judges: Marshall, C. J., Wanamaker, Robinson, Jones and Matthias, JJ., concur.
Reporter: Ohio State Reports, New Service
Volume: 106
Pages: 292–302

Head Matter:
Hopper v. Nicholas.
Wills — Proceedings to probate — Jurisdiction of foreign court— Estoppel — Persons entering appearance and participating— Adjudication binds personal representatives, when — Full faith and credit — Judicial proceedings of another court.
1. When a proceeding to probate a will is pending in another state, in a court of record, authorized by law to adjudicate the questions arising therein, and one fact necessary to establish the jurisdiction of the court is finding that the residence of the deceased was at death within the territorial jurisdiction of such court, and a person interested in such estate as an heir of the deceased, and a devisee under the will proposed to be probated, enters appearance in such proceeding, admits the jurisdictional fact, consents to adjudication, participates thereafter in the proceedings and receives benefits thereunder, such person and those claiming through and under him are estopped by the judgment therein.
2. Record of adjudication by a court of record of another state, authenticated as by law provided, has such faith and credit given it in the courts of the state of Ohio as it has by law or usage in the courts of the state where adjudication was had.
(No. 17323
Decided December 29, 1922.)
Error to the Court of Appeals of Lake county.
George H. Hopper died testate February 15, 1898. He left surviving him a widow and three children, one of whom was Charles H. Hopper.
On March 1, 1898, the widow filed petition in the surrogates court of the county and state of New York, asking for probate of the will of George H. Hopper, and alleging that the deceased was at the time of his death domiciled in New York. Citations were issued, and all persons interested, including Charles H. Hopper, appeared in the proceeding and consented to the probate of the will.
On March 9, 1898, the will was admitted to probate. Thereafter the widow, who was named as executrix and testamentary trustee, qualified, and the administration of the estate proceeded through and under the surrogates court of the city of New York, New York county and state, and there continues.
In the proceedings Charles participated from time to time, accepting benefits and being a participant in approval of accounts.
On May 15,1911, Charles H. Hopper married Irma Pritchard, who became and is Irma Hopper, the plaintiff in error, now the widow and administratrix of the estate of Charles H. Hopper, who died intestate June 17, 1916.
On November 15,1916, Irma Hopper filed petition in the surrogates court, wherein George H. Hopper’s will had been probated. The purpose of the action was to procure construction and direction concerning the will of George H. Hopper. This action was prosecuted to the court of last resort in the state of New York.
On October 9, 1918, Irma Hopper filed her application in the probate court of Lake county, Ohio, seeking the original probate there of the same will of George H. Hopper that had been probated in the surrogates court of New York on March 9, 1898.
Upon hearing, the Lake county probate court excluded from the evidence everything that took place in the various courts of the state of New York, held that it had jurisdiction, and admitted the George H. Hopper will to original probate.
The court of common pleas of Lake county held such exclusion of proffered testimony to be error, and reversed and vacated the judgment and order of the probate court, which decision was affirmed by the court of appeals of Lake county.
Mr. George H. Eichelberger; Mr. W. K. Gardner and Messrs. Payer, Winch, Minshall $ Karch, for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Dustin, McKeehan, Merrick, Arter & Stewart and Messrs. Alvord db Blakely, for defendant in error.

Opinion:
Clark, J.
The essential question here to be determined is the foi'ce and effect of the proceedings in the surrogates court of the county and state of New York on March 9, 1898.
If such proceedings were in manner and form as provided by law, and the surrogates court acquired and had jurisdiction of the persons 'having an interest in and the matters concerned with the will and estate of George H. Hopper, the controversy is concluded by the provisions of Section 1, Article IV of the Constitution of the United States, which requires that "Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."
It is, therefore, necessary to determine the jurisdiction of the surrogates court of New York. The surrogates courts were created by an act of the New York legislature passed March 16, 1778. The constitutions of New York have continued these courts, and Section 15, Article VI of the Constitution of New York adopted in 1894, and since then in effect, reads, in part, as follows:
"The existing Surrogates' Courts are continued, * # * Surrogates and Surrogates' Courts shall have the jurisdiction and powers which the Surrogates and existing Surrogates ' Courts now possess, until otherwise provided by the Legislature."
At and prior to March 1, 1898, Section 2472, New York Code of Civil Procedure, provided as to the general jurisdiction of surrogates courts, in part, as follows: "Each surrogate must hold, # a court, which has jurisdiction, as follows:
"1. To take the proof of wills; to admit wills to probate; to revoke the probate thereof," etc.
"2. To grant and revoke letters testamentary and letters of administration," etc.
"3. To direct and control the conduct, and settle the accounts, of executors, administrators, and testamentary trustees," etc.
"4. To enforce the payment of debts and legacies; the distribution of estates of decedents," etc.
"6. To administer justice, in all matters relating to the affairs of decedents," etc.
Section 2473, New York Code of Civil Procedure, provided in part as follows:
"Where the jurisdiction of a surrogate's court to make a decree or other determination, is drawn into question collaterally, and the necessary parties were duly cited or appeared, the jurisdiction is presumptively, and, in the absence of fraud or collusion, conclusively, established, by an allegation of the jurisdictional facts, contained in a written petition or answer, duly verified, used in the surrogates court," etc.
Section 2475, New York Code of Civil Procedure, provided in part as follows:
"Jurisdiction, once duly exercised over any matter, by a surrogate's court, excludes the subsequent exercise of jurisdiction by another surrogate's court over the same matter," etc.
Section 2476, New York Code of Civil Procedure, provided in part as follows:
"The surrogate's court of each county has jurisdiction, to take the proof of a will, and to grant letters testamentary thereupon, or to grant letters of administration,
"1. Where the decedent was, at the time of his death, a resident of that county, whether his death happened there or elsewhere."
Section 2614, New York Code of Civil Procedure, provided in part:
"A person designated in a will as executor or any person interested in the estate may present to the surrogate's court having jurisdiction, a written petition, duly verified, describing the will, setting forth the facts, upon which the jurisdiction of the court to grant probate thereof depends," etc.
Section 2615, New York Code of Civil Procedure, provided in part:
"The following persons must be cited upon a petition presented as prescribed in the last section:
"3. If the will relates to both real and personal property the husband or wife, if any, and all the heirs, and all the next of kin of the testator."
The record shows that the petition of Harriett A. Hopper, widow, and executrix named in the last will and testament of George H. Hopper, filed March 1, 1898, alleged in part that she was (a) "the executrix named in the last will and testament of George H. Hopper, late of the county of New York, deceased," (b) "that the deceased was, at the time of his death, a resident of the county of New York."
The petition further alleged that the petitioner, Harriett A. Hopper, was the widow of George H. Hopper; that Charles H. Hopper, a son, Jennie M. Nicholas, a daughter, and Florence Lynneth Fitch, a daughter, were all of the heirs of George H. Hopper. The prayer was "that a citation issue to the above named persons to attend the probate thereof and that the said last will and testament may be proved as a will of real and personal property and that letters testamentary may be issued thereon to the executrix who may qualify thereunder."
Thereafter waiver and entry of appearance was entered in that proceeding by all of the persons interested in the estate, as named in the petition therein, including the following, caption omitted:
"I, Charles H. Hopper, the undersigned,'an heir and next of kin of George H. Hopper, deceased, do hereby appear in person and waive the issue and service of a citation in the above entitled matter, and consent that said instrument, bearing date 29th day of December, 1896, be forthwith admitted to probate.
"(Signed) Chas. H. Hopper."
This appearance, waiver and consent was witnessed and acknowledged in manner and form provided by law.
All parties interested in the estate filed appearance, waiver and consent identical in substance and form.
Thereafter on the 9th day of March, 1898, the following order was entered, caption omitted:
"The citation herein having been duly issued and returned, the allegations of the parties appearing having been heard, and the proofs having been duly taken by the Surrogate, among other things as to the execution of said instrument bearing date December 29,1896, and the probate of the said will not having been contested, and it appearing to the Surrogate that the will was duly executed and that the testator at the time of executing it was in all respects competent to make a will, and not under restraint;
"It is ordered, adjudged and decreed that the instrument offered for probate herein be and the same hereby is admitted to probate as the last will and testament of the said deceased, valid to pass real'and personal property, and that Letters Testamentary be issued thereon to the executrix who may qualify thereunder.
' ' Frank T. Fitzgeralb,
"Surrogate."
On the same date letters testamentary were issued by the surrogates court to Harriett A. Hopper, as executrix of the will, and thereupon Mrs. Hopper entered into discharge of her duties as such executrix.
On October 30, 1902, an exemplified copy of proceedings of the surrogates court, including authenticated copy of the will of George H. Hopper, was filed in the probate court of Lake county, Ohio, under favor of Section 10535, General Code.
Under the settled law of New York a surrogates court in admitting a will to probate must decide whether the testator at the time of his death was a resident of the county in which the will is offered for probate. Such determination touches the jurisdictional fact, and decision thereupon cannot be attacked collaterally, except for fraud or deceit. O'Connor, Exr., v. Huggins, 113 N. Y., 511, and Bolton v. Schreiver, 135 N. Y., 65.
The same principle is established in Ohio. State, ex rel. Barbee, v. Allen, Probate Judge, 96 Ohio St., 10.
Charles H. Hopper was a party to the proceedings in the surrogates court of New York, and then and there consented to the probate of the will of George H. Hopper.
It is contended that consent can not confer jurisdiction over a subject-matter of which the court did not have jurisdiction.
A party who consents that a court shall enter judgment and accepts the benefits thereunder cannot be heard to object to the court's power to render such judgment. This court so decided in Merritt v. Horne, 5 Ohio St., 307. Judge Ranney said, at page 318: "There is now no principle better settled, or resting upon firmer grounds of justice and public policy, than that which precludes a party who has induced another to part with his money or property, and has taken the fruits of a judicial proceeding [italics ours], from afterward questioning its regularity, or by evidence aliunde impairing its effect. # Although this doctrine debars the truth iu the particular case, yet, as said by the Supreme Court of the United States in Van Rensselear v. Kearney, 11 How., 326, 'it imposes silence on the party only when, in conscience and honesty, he should not be allowed to speak.' And we are of the opinion that it is equally effectual at law and in chancery."
Applying this sound and settled principle to the case at bar, we find that Charles H. Hopper was a party to the proceedings in the surrogates court of New York; that he admitted the jurisdictional fact necessary for that court to decide in admitting the will to probate, to-wit, that George H. Hopper was a resident of the county of New York, New York state, at the time of his death; that he accepted "the fruits of a judicial proceeding," and that such fruits were different and greater than he would have received had the testator resided in Ohio, and the will been admitted to probate in Ohio, for he received valuable securities in large amount under the law as determined in New York, which, under the law of Ohio, would have been withheld from him and become part of the corpus of the estate.
Aside from the question of participation and ' ' the taking of the fruits," it has been consistently held that where a court has jurisdiction to determine the fact, and the party is before the court, the party cannot afterwards in a collateral proceeding question the judgment, whether the facts before the court- warranted the judgment or not. Marin, Recr., v. Augedahl, 247 U. S., 142, 149; Willetts' Appeal, 50 Conn., 330, and Hartford Life Ins. Co. v. Johnson, 268 Fed. Rep., 33.
Section 1, Article IV of the Constitution of the United States, was not, as adopted, a self-executing mandate. It was provided, "and the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall he proved, and the Effect thereof." Thereafter congress did so provide and declare.
Section 1266, Barnes Federal Code (Section 1519, U. S. Comp. Stat., Section 905, IT. S. R. S.), provided first for the authenticating of the acts of the legislature of any state, and the records and judicial proceedings of the courts of any state, and then declared "and the said records and judicial proceedings, so authenticated, shall have such faith and credit given to them in every court within the United States as they have by law or usage in the courts of the State from which they are taken."
If the finding of the surrogates court that George H. Hopper was a resident of the county and state of New York at the time of his death was binding upon the parties before the court in the proceeding to admit the will to probate, and binding upon the courts of New York, such finding is entitled to full faith and credit in the state of Ohio and was entitled to full faith and credit at the hearing upon the application to probate the will of George H. Hopper in Lake county.
We have determined that the finding of the surrogates court was conclusive upon all of the courts of the state of New York. (O'Connor v. Huggins, supra; Bolton v. Schreiver, supra, and Flatauer v. Loser, 211 N. Y., 15.) Conclusive in New York, the finding is conclusive in Ohio.
The refusal of the Lake county probate court to admit as evidence, or to consider, the proceedings in the surrogates court, was error. Such proceedings admitted and considered, the probate court of Lake county would have been without jurisdiction or right to probate the George H. Hopper will upon the application of Charles H. Hopper.
It is claimed that Irma Hopper, plaintiff in error, was not a party to the proceedings in the surrogates court of New York, and is therefore not bound. Irma Hopper is the widow, administratrix and only heir-at-law of Charles H. Hopper. It nowhere appears that she has or could have any interest in the estate of George H. Hopper, except in the relation of administratrix or heir-at-law of Charles H. Hopper. As to the estate of George H. Hopper she stands squarely in the legal shoes of Charles. If she does not stand therein upon the record, she does not have any standing or connection with the George H. Hopper estate. Authority can rise no higher than its source. Charles H. Hopper having bound himself by his appearance and participation in the proceedings in the surrogates court, Irma Hopper is likewise bound.
Judgment affirmed.
Marshall, C. J., Wanamaker, Robinson, Jones and Matthias, JJ., concur.
Hough, J., dissents.