Case Name: Custody of a Minor
Court: Massachusetts Appeals Court
Jurisdiction: Massachusetts
Decision Date: 1982-11-05
Citations: 14 Mass. App. Ct. 1013
Docket Number: No. 3
Parties: Custody of a Minor
Judges: 
Reporter: Massachusetts Appeals Court Reports
Volume: 14
Pages: 1013–1015

Head Matter:
Custody of a Minor
(No. 3).
November 5, 1982.

Opinion:
Procedurally the case arose Under a complaint to modify a divorce judgment, thus invoking G. L. c. 208, § 28, which looks to the best interests of the child as the guiding standard for decision of the question of custody. In conclusions of law filed by him, the judge expressed the view that the best interests of the child was the paramount standard by which he was to be guided. In doing so, he overlooked the substantial role played by the Department of Social Services in directing custody away from the natural father and to a maternal aunt. The department had been made a party to the father's action seeking modification of custody because when the complaint was filed, the department had legal custody of the child. Insofar as the proceeding, upon the department's urging, results in taking the child out of the hands of both natural parents, it more resembles a proceeding in which the State seeks to terminate parents' rights to the custody of minor children, as under the care and protection statute (G. L. c. 119, § 23-29), the guardianship statute (G. L. c. 201, § 5), or the adoption statute (G. L. c. 210, § 3). See Custody of a Minor (No. 1), 377 Mass. 876, 877 (1979); Bezio v. Patenaude, 381 Mass. 563, 570 (1980); Petition of the Dept, of Pub. Welfare to Dispense with Consent to Adoption, 383 Mass. 573, 589 (1981). Because of the State's part in the case, a part which had its origin in care and protection proceedings, it is necessary that the determination whether her natural father shall be deprived of custody be based on a finding that he is currently not fit to further the welfare and best interests of the child. Petition of the Dept, of Pub. Welfare to Dispense with Consent to Adoption, 383 Mass, at 589-590. We recognize that the judge made independent findings of the unfitness of the father. We think, however, the findings must be reassessed for reasons stated below. In doing so it is appropriate to bear in mind that the unfitness standard does not stand entirely apart from the interests of the child; the two criteria are interrelated. Indeed, "the critical question is whether the natural parents are currently fit to further the welfare and best interests of the child." Bezio v. Patenaude, supra at 576. See also Petition of the Dept, of Pub. Welfare to Dispense with Consent to Adoption, supra at 590.
The findings of the probate judge were made shortly before the decision in Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745 (1982). There the Supreme Court held that, if natural parents are to be deprived of the custody of a child, findings of parental unfitness should be made on the basis of clear and convincing evidence. Id. at 768-769. Accordingly, we think it appropriate to remand the case to the Probate Court for reassessment by the probate judge. He should consider whether he is prepared to adopt or amplify, on the basis of a standard of clear and convincing evidence, the subsidiary and conclusory findings which he had previously made. Coun sel shall be afforded an opportunity to be heard, and the judge should consider expanding the evidence and bringing it up to date. Custody of a Minor (No. 2), 13 Mass. App. Ct. 1088 (1982).
Judith Liben for the father.
Leah S. Crothers, Assistant Attorney General, for Department of Social Services.
So ordered.