Case Name: Riddle v. Village of Westfield
Court: New York Supreme Court, General Term
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1892-10-21
Citations: 20 N.Y.S. 359
Docket Number: 
Parties: Riddle v. Village of Westfield.
Judges: 
Reporter: West's New York Supplement
Volume: 20
Pages: 359–360

Head Matter:
Riddle v. Village of Westfield.
(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
October 21, 1892.)
Municipal Corporations—Defective Streets—Notice of Defects.
Defendant village filled, with loose earth, a ditch dug in its street in the winter to lay a water pipe, and in the spring the earth became soft and gave way, thereby injuring plaintiff’s horse. Reid that, since the unsafe condition of the street was directly caused by the act of defendant, the doctrine as to notice of the defect, actual or constructive, as affecting defendant’s liability, did not apply.
Appeal from Chautauqua county court.
Action by Delos Riddle against the village of Westfield to recover for injur, es sustained by plaintiff’s horse by sinking into a soft place in one of defendant’s streets. From a judgment of the county court reversing the judgment of a justice of the peace in favor of plaintiff, plaintiff appeals. Reversed.
Argued before Dwight, P. J., and Macomber and Lewis, JJ.
S. W. Mason, for appellant. H. C. Kingsbury, for respondent.

Opinion:
Macomber, J.
At the trial which was had before the justice of the peace and a jury, the plaintiff recovered a judgment for $15, the undisputed value of his horse. While driving along the street, the horse suddenly fell or sunk into a soft place, and there received such injuries as to render him worth less. The learned county judge reversed the judgment of the justice's court upon the ground that the plaintiff gave no evidence that the defendant's trustees had any knowledge or notice of the defective highway, or that the defect had existed so long as that knowledge thereof might be inferred. There being, therefore, no notice to the village trustees, either actual or constructive, he was of the opinion that the recovery could not be sustained. The principle stated, by the learned judge is, undoubtedly, correct, as is shown by the case of Pomfrey v. Village of Saratoga Springs, 104 N. Y. 459, 11 N. E. Rep. 43. But there is an exception to the.general rule, which is as well defined and stable as the rule itself, and that is: That where the unsafe condition of the street is caused directly by the act of the corporation itself, or its agents, liability for injuries sustained attaches directly, and not through the doctrine of notice, either express or constructive. Turner v. City of Newburgh, 109 N. Y. 301, 16 N. E. Rep. 344. We are disposed to think that this case comes within the exception to the rule, and that upon the evidence the plaintiff was entitled to have the jury say whether his' loss was ascribable to any omission of duty which the defendant owed to him as one of the traveling public. As a municipal corporation, the defendant had the care and management of the village streets. Through its water commissioners the defendant had laid a water main through West Main street, adjacent to and so near the center of the street as to render it likely that a passing team might naturally come upon the surface of the ditch without fault of the driver. When passing along in the usual manner in which such horses are accustomed to be driven, the plaintiff's horse slumped into the place of the ditch. The question before the jury is, why did the horse go in there? Was it through the fault of the defendant? The accident happened March 1, 1890. The water pipe had been laid by the defendant's agents about a month or two before, and, instead of properly packing the ground in the usual manner, the ditch was filled with loose earth, which would be liable to give way in the spring, as it did, in fact, in this instance. There is a suggestion made in the opinion of the learned county judge that the accident might have been caused by the bursting of the water pipe in the ditch; but we find no evidence to sustain such an hypothesis. The testimony, it is true, which the justice of the peace has sent up, is meager and fragmentary, as is usual in appeals from that court; but enough, we think, appears to show that the jury was supported by evidence, and the proper inferences to be drawn therefrom, in finding that the defendant so unskillfully covered the water pipe trench as needless to jeopardize travelers. On the whole, we think the judgment of the county court should be reversed, and that of the justice of the peace sustained.
Judgment of county court of Chautauqua county reversed, and the judgment of justice of peace affirmed, with costs to the plaintiff of the appeals to the county court and to this court. All concur.