Case Name: Rodney COX, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Edward R. DONNELLY, Superintendent, Wende Correctional Facility, and Eliot L. Spitzer, New York State Attorney General, Respondents-Appellants
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2005-12-22
Citations: 432 F.3d 388
Docket Number: No. 05-0104-PR
Parties: Rodney COX, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Edward R. DONNELLY, Superintendent, Wende Correctional Facility, and Eliot L. Spitzer, New York State Attorney General, Respondents-Appellants.
Judges: Before: KEARSE and CABRANES, Circuit Judges, and BERMAN, District Judge.
Reporter: Federal Reporter 3d Series
Volume: 432
Pages: 388–391

Head Matter:
Rodney COX, Petitioner-Appellee, v. Edward R. DONNELLY, Superintendent, Wende Correctional Facility, and Eliot L. Spitzer, New York State Attorney General, Respondents-Appellants.
No. 05-0104-PR.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Argued: Dec. 6, 2005.
Decided: Dec. 22, 2005.
Sharon Y. Brodt, Assistant District Attorney (John M. Castellano, Assistant District Attorney; of counsel; Richard A. Brown, District Attorney, Queens County, on the brief), Queens County, Kew Gardens, NY, for Respondents-Appellants.
Richard Joselson, The Legal Aid Society, New York, NY, for Petitioner-Appellee.
Before: KEARSE and CABRANES, Circuit Judges, and BERMAN, District Judge.
The Honorable Richard M. Berman, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
Respondents appeal from a- December 9, 2004 judgment and order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Jack B. Weinstein, Judge) granting, for a second time, a writ of habeas corpus to petitioner Rodney Cox after determining that petitioner's state trial counsel could offer no explanation for his performance warranting a refusal to grant the writ. See Cox v. Donnelly, 2004 WL 2786311 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 6, 2004), 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24377; Cox v. Donnelly, 267 F.Supp.2d 418 (E.D.N.Y.2003).
In an earlier stage of this litigation, a panel of this Court considered the merits of petitioner's ineffective assistance of counsel claim in detail, concluding that the state courts likely applied the test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984) in an "objectively unreasonable manner," but remanding to the District Court for the narrow purpose of "afford[ing] Cox's trial counsel an opportunity to explain his deficient performance as required by Sparman v. Edwards." Cox v. Donnelly, 387 F.3d 193, 201 (2d Cir.2004) ("Cox I").
On remand, the District Court conducted a Sparman hearing, see Sparman v. Edwards, 154 F.3d 51, 52 (2d Cir.1998), at which Cox's trial counsel, Mark Potash-nick, was given an opportunity to explain why he repeatedly failed to object to an erroneous jury instruction which impermissibly shifted to his client the burden of proving that he did not intend "the ordinary consequences of his voluntary acts." The District Court, upon reviewing the record and considering Potashnick's testimony at the Sparman hearing, found it "highly probable that petitioner's constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel was violated and that this violation was caused by the ignorance of petitioner's counsel." Cox v. Donnelly, 2004 WL 2786311, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24377, at *10. The District Court further concluded that "a constitutional charge would probably have had an impact on the jury and the verdict." Id. at *11. The District Court's determination was based on its finding that "counsel had no strategic reason for repeatedly failing to object to an unconstitutional charge on the key issue of intent to kill at petitioner's criminal trial," and that "[b]y his own admission, his failure to object was due to his ignorance of the law on point." Id. at *6. The District Court granted the petition for a writ of habeas corpus and ordered that "petitioner . be released unless within sixty days the state commences prosecution or takes other action appropriate in light of [its] decision." Id. at *11.
Upon our review of Potashnick's testimony at the Sparman hearing, we conclude that the District Court did not err in determining that Potashnick's performance fell below prevailing standards of professional conduct and thereby failed the first prong of Strickland. We note in particular that Potashniek conceded that (1) he never made any strategic decision to forego objection to this instruction, (2) he did not challenge the trial court's intent instructions because he did not then know that they were illegal under state and federal law, (3) he mistakenly believed that the trial court's instruction had been drawn from the "New York State charge book," and (4) had he been aware of the unconstitutional' nature of the instruction, he would have lodged an objection to it.
On appeal of the District Court's post-remand disposition, respondents urge us to revisit its earlier conclusions on the merits of Cox's Strickland claims — namely, that (1) Cox's counsel's "failure to object to [an] unconstitutional [jury] instruction led to representation that fell below the prevailing norms of the legal profession and that his performance was objectively unreasonable," and (2) "counsel's inaction substantially prejudiced Cox's rights and impacted the outcome of his trial." Cox I, 387 F.3d at 199-200. Because "a court of appeals must . adhere to its own decision at an earlier stage of the litigation," United States v. Tenzer, 213 F.3d 34, 39 (2d Cir.2000), absent "cogent or compelling reasons [such as] an intervening change of controlling law, the availability of new evidence, or the need to correct a clear error or prevent manifest injustice," Doe v. New York City Dep't of Social Servs., 709 F.2d 782, 789 (2d Cir. 1983), and because, with the exception of Potashnick's testimony, the record remains unchanged since our last consideration of petitioner's Strickland claims, we decline respondents' invitation to revisit or revise our earlier holding.
Although our decision in Sparman v. Edwards, 154 F.3d 51, 52 (2d Cir.1998)— which directs "district court[s] facing the question of constitutional ineffectiveness of counsel . except in highly unusual circumstances [to] offer the assertedly ineffective attorney an opportunity to be heard and to present evidence, in the form of live testimony, affidavits, or briefs" — might, in appropriate circumstances, permit a more wide ranging inquiry of trial counsel reaching questions of prejudice, as well as performance, the District Court in the instant case was instructed to conduct a Sparman hearing limited to the question of whether counsel's performance was so objectively deficient within the meaning of Strickland that the state courts' rejection of Cox's claim " 'involved an unreasonable application of clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States.' " Cox I, 387 F.3d at 201 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1)). Having-concluded that it was, and in light of our earlier holdings in Cox I, we need go no further.
Conclusion
Substantially for the reasons stated in Cox I, and in light of counsel's testimony in the Sparman proceeding, see Sparman v. Edwards, 154 F.3d 51 (2d Cir.1998), we hold that the Distinct Court properly-granted a writ of habeas corpus.
s-t % ‡ if;
The judgment of the District Court is Affirmed. The petitioner shall be released unless the state commences prosecution within ninety days of the issuance of the mandate in this case.
. We further note that, at oral argument, counsel for respondent conceded that Potash-nick had no strategic motivation for failing to object to the jury instruction at issue.