Case Name: Thomas A. Rassbeck et al. agt. Ignatz Desterreicher et al.
Court: New York Court of Common Pleas
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1878-08
Citations: 55 How. Pr. 516
Docket Number: 
Parties: Thomas A. Rassbeck et al. agt. Ignatz Desterreicher et al.
Judges: 
Reporter: Howard's Practice Reports
Volume: 55
Pages: 516–520

Head Matter:
N. Y. COMMON PLEAS.
Thomas A. Rassbeck et al. agt. Ignatz Desterreicher et al.
Corporations for manufacturing pwposes—Certificate, when and whereto he filed—effect of not filing duplicate in office of secretary of state.
The provisions of the statutes in relation to the formation of corporations {Laws of 1848, chap 40; La/ws of 1866, chap. 709) requiring the “ duplicate certificate” to be filed in the office of the secretary of state is directory, merely, and not mandatory nor essential to the validity of the corporation.
The certificate having been filed in the office of the clerk, it is immaterial in any action (not brought by the state against the corporation to prohibit its exercise of corporate powers) to inquire whether the duplicate of such certificate has been filed in the office of the secretary of state.
The production of a copy of the certificate filed with the county clerk, which copy is testified by him, being made evidence of the incorporation by the statute, is sufficient proof of corporate existence and sufficient answer to all allegations of non-incorporation, except in a direct proceeding by the state to annul the franchise.
Special Term, August, 1878.
Motion for a preliminary injunction and the appointment of a receiver.
Albert Roberts, for plaintiff.
Simon Sultan, for defendant.

Opinion:
J. F. Daly, J.
The plaintiffs and the defendants entered into an agreement under seal, dated July 7, 1877, by which they agreed to form a corporation to he called " The Photo Plate Company, " for the purpose of making relief plates for printing and for other purposes. Pursuant to such agreement, they subscribed and acknowledged a certificate as provided in the first section of the act to authorize the formation of corporations for manufacturing and other purposes, passed February 17, 1848, and the acts amendatory thereof. The certificate was dated July 7, 1877, and acknowledged on that day. It was filed in the office of the clerk of the city and county of Hew York, the proper county, pursuant to the act, on September 22,1877. Ho duplicate of the certificate was filed in the office of the secretary of state as required by the act (Chap. 40, Laws of 1848; chap. 709, Laws of 1866).
The parties treated the corporation as regularly organized and proceeded with its business pursuant to the certificate of incorporation from the date of the filing of the certificate up to the time of the commencement of this action, when the plaintiffs, conceiving that the neglect to file a duplicate of their certificate in the office of the secretary of state resulted in a failure to effect a valid incorporation under their agreement, and having reason to complain, as they believed, of the acts of defendants, brought this action to obtain the appointment of a receiver of the joint property and to wind up the business. A preliminary injunction was obtained, which plaintiffs moved to have made permanent. The plaintiffs argue that by reason of the faihu*e to file, the duplicate of the certificate of incorporation in the office of the secretary of state, the parties subscribing the certificate became merely copartners inter sese. Upon the correctness of the proposition depends the right to the relief asked upon this motion. What consequences result from the failure to file the duplicate of the certificate of incorporation as required by the act has not been the subject of judicial examination in this state. The statute requires " that the certificate shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the county in which the business of the company shall be earned on, " and " a duplicate thereof in the office of the secretary of- state " (Sec. 1). It is further provided that " when the certificate shall have been filed as aforesaid, the persons who shall have signed and acknowledged the same and their successors shall be a body politic and corporate, " &e. (Sec. 2). The section does not in terms make the filing of the " duplicate " essential to the incorporation, - and the court will incline to an interpretation of the statute which will give validity to the acts and proceedings of the parties done and taken in good faith as a corporation.
The general manufacturing corporations act of California contains provisions as to the mode of incorporation almost identical with our statute (act of 1850, 365, 366). It was held by the supreme court of California that the natural and ordinary import of the language used in that statute does not justify the construction that proof of the filing of the " duplicate " in the office of the secretary of state is necessary to establish the existence of the corporation; that the intention of the statute clearly was, that so far as individuals are concerned, the corporation should acquire a valid legal existence upon the filing of the certificate in the office of the clerk of the county; that the rights conferred by the statute vest on filing the certificate and can be divested only by a direct proceeding on the part of the state (Mokolumne Hill Mining Co. agt. Woobury, 14 Cal., 424).
The general manufacturing corporations act of Illinois also contains provisions as to the mode of incorporation similar to those of our statute (act of 1849, pp. 87, 88). The supreme court declared the provision requiring the " duplicate " to be filed in the office of the secretary of state directory, merely, and not mandatory nor essential to the validity of the corporation ; that it was apparent from the act to have been a secondary object and intended to multiply proof, places of publicity and the chances of preservation of the evidence of incorporation, and that the filing of the certificate in the office of the county clerk was sufficient to effect the incorporation (Cross agt. Pinckneyville Mill Co., 17 Ill., 54).
This' view of the statute is in effect taken in many subsequent cases in that state (Tarbell agt. Page, 24 Ill., 48; Stone agt. Great Western Oil Co., 41 Ill., 85; Thompson agt. Candor, 60 Ill., 248; Willard agt. Trustees, &c., 66 Ill., 55).
The reasoning of these cases upon the language of the statute there in question, may be applied in all its force to our statute, is sound and should be adopted in construing its provisions. Since the statute distinguishes between the " certificate " and the " duplicate, " providing that the certificate is to be filed in the office of the county clerk and the duplicate in the office of the secretary of state, and in the next section declares the subscribers incorporated when the certificate shall have been filed, we'may assume the omission of any reference to the duplicate in the latter connection to be intentional, and this assumption is justified if indulged in for the purpose of supporting the validity of a corporation and of rights and franchises honestly intended to be created and acquired. If the object of the statute is to multiply proofs of incorporation, as has been said in one case, the duplicate may be.filed now in the office of the secretary of state.
It may be added that the ninth section of our general manufacturing act declares that the" copy of the certificate certified by the county clerk or his deputy shall be received in all courts and places as presumptive legal evidence of the facts therein stated. Ho other method of proving the corporate existence is provided for by that statute, and only on failure to produce such copy and proof of loss of the original does the production of a copy of the duplicate certified by the secretary of state become competent or necessary (N. Y. Car Oil Co. agt. Richmond, 6 Bosworth, 213).
The production of a copy of the certificate filed with the county clerk, which copy is testified by him, being made evidence of the incorporation by the statute, is sufficient proof of corporate existence and sufficient answer to all allegations of non-incorporation, except in a direct proceeding by the state to annul the franchise (Jones agt. Dana, 24 Barb., 398).
The certificate having been duly filed in the office of the clerk, it is immaterial in any action (not brought by the state against the corporation to prohibit its exercise of corporate powers) to inquire whether the duplicate of such certificate has been filed in the office of the secretary of state.
The motion must be denied and injunction dissolved, with ten dollars costs.