Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gregory Lynn CROSS, AKA George Chapman, AKA George Lamar Chapman, AKA George Lemar Chapman, AKA George Lamar Cros, AKA George Lamar Cross, AKA George Lamor Cross, AKA George Leon Cross, AKA Greg Cross, AKA Greg Davis, AKA Chapman George, AKA Chapman George Lamar, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2017-05-15
Citations: 691 F. App'x 312
Docket Number: No. 15-50458
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gregory Lynn CROSS, AKA George Chapman, AKA George Lamar Chapman, AKA George Lemar Chapman, AKA George Lamar Cros, AKA George Lamar Cross, AKA George Lamor Cross, AKA George Leon Cross, AKA Greg Cross, AKA Greg Davis, AKA Chapman George, AKA Chapman George Lamar, Defendant-Appellant.
Judges: Before: O’SCANNLAIN and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTENSEN, Chief District Judge.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 691
Pages: 312–313

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gregory Lynn CROSS, AKA George Chapman, AKA George Lamar Chapman, AKA George Lemar Chapman, AKA George Lamar Cros, AKA George Lamar Cross, AKA George Lamor Cross, AKA George Leon Cross, AKA Greg Cross, AKA Greg Davis, AKA Chapman George, AKA Chapman George Lamar, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 15-50458
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted May 9, 2017 Pasadena, California
Filed May 15, 2017
Jean-Claude Andre, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Justin Randall Rhoades, Esquire, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Michael Anthony Brown, Assistant U.S. Attorney, DOJ— Office of the U.S. Attorney, Los Angeles, CA, for Plaintiff-Appellee
Alyssa D. Bell, Deputy Federal Public Defender, Georgina Wakefield, FPDCA— Federal Public Defender’s Office (Los An-geles), Los Angeles, CA, for Defendant-Appellant
Before: O’SCANNLAIN and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTENSEN, Chief District Judge.
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
The Honorable Dana L. Christensen, United States Chief District Judge for the District of Montana, sitting by designation.

Opinion:
MEMORANDUM
Gregory Cross (Cross) appeals from his 120-month sentence for unarmed bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a). Cross argues that the district court erred in applying the career offender guideline under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1 because his convictions for unarmed bank robbery do not categorically qualify as crimes of violence within the meaning of U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2. Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742, and we affirm.
We held in United States v. Selfa, 918 F.2d 749, 751 (9th Cir. 1990), that unarmed bank robbery in violation of § 2113(a) constitutes a crime of violence under the "force clause" of U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2 and within the meaning of § 4B1.1. Similarly, we held in United States v. Wright, 215 F.3d 1020, 1028 (9th Cir. 2000), that armed bank robbery in violation of § 2113(a) & (d) constitutes a crime of violence within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). No intervening authority has overruled these precedents.
Contrary to Cross's arguments that unarmed bank robbery does not require violent force or intentional conduct, "intimidation" under § 2113(a) requires the necessary level of violent physical force as defined by Johnson v. United States, 559 U.S. 133, 140, 143, 130 S.Ct. 1265, 176 L.Ed.2d 1 (2010). Furthermore, as a general intent statute, conviction under § 2113(a) requires intentional use or threatened use of force and therefore does not conflict with Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1, 8-11, 125 S.Ct. 377, 160 L.Ed.2d 271 (2004), or Fernandez-Ruiz v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 1121, 1123 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc). See Carter v. United States, 530 U.S. 255, 268, 120 S.Ct. 2159, 147 L.Ed.2d 203 (2000) (holding that § 2113(a) "requir[es] proof of general intent" (emphasis omitted)). Accordingly, no "intervening higher authority" is "clearly irreconcilable" with Selfa and Wright, and those precedents are controlling here. Miller v. Gammie, 335 F.3d 889, 893 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc). .
Therefore, the district court did not err in applying the career offender guideline, because Cross's conviction under § 2113(a) qualified as a crime of violence under the guidelines.
AFFIRMED.
xhiS disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. Because unarmed bank robbery qualifies as a crime of violence under § 4B 1.2(a)(1), we do not reach the parties' arguments regarding the commentary to that provision. We have, however, stated that the commentary's language supports the conclusion that unarmed bank robbery is a crime of violence. See Selfa, 918 F.2d at 751.