Case Name: In the estate of Abraham Corn, deceased
Court: New York Surrogate's Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1886
Citations: 1 How. Pr. (n.s.) 357
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the estate of Abraham Corn, deceased.
Judges: 
Reporter: Howard's Practice Reports
Volume: 1
Pages: 357–361

Head Matter:
SURROGATE’S COURT.
In the estate of Abraham Corn, deceased.
Administrators — Guardian—Code of Civil Procedure, sections 2685, 2882— Revocation of letters of administration or of guardianship — What must he made to appear)' to justify such revocation.
.In order to justify un.der section 2685 or section 2882 of tlie Code of Civil Procedure tlie revocation of letters of administration or letters of guardianship upon tlie ground that such letters were obtained by a “false suggestion of a material fact,” it must appear that such false suggestion was made to the tribunal by which such letters were granted.

Opinion:
Rollins, S.
This decedent died in November, 1885, leaving his widow, Annie Corn, and his infant child, Percival Com, him surviving. On January 5, 1886, letters of administration were granted, upon the widow's petition, to herself and to Samuel Corn, the father of the decedent. On the same day also, in accordance with Mrs. Corn's petition, Samuel Corn was granted letters of guardianship of the person and estate of her infant son. She now asks the surrogate to revoke those letters of guardianship, and to revoke also the letters of administration so far as they confer any authority upon this respondent
Mrs. Corn alleged in her petition that on or about January 3, 1886, the respondent advised her that "under the law it was necessary" that two administrators should be appointed for taking charge of her husband's estate and two guardians for protecting the interests of 'her child. She alleges further that the respondent told her that he had made arrangements for the appointment of himself and her as joint administrators and guardians; that accordingly, at respondent's request, she went to the office of his counsel, Mr. Dyett, and subsequently to the surrogate's office, and signed certain papers which she supposed to relate to the appointment of the respondent and herself as such guardians and administrators.
It appears by her petition that on the 5th of January, 1886, Mrs. Corn entered into a certain written agreement with the respondent under a misapprehension, as she claims, respecting its true nature and effect. A copy of that agreement is annexed to the petition. It substantially provides that administrator Com shall have the sole care and custody of all the property of the estate until the distribution thereof, according to law, and recites that such authority had been yielded to him by the petitioner, because of his furnishing the sureties upon the administration bond, petitioner herself having been unable to procure the requisite security for her own appointment as sole administratrix The petitioner insists that these recitals are false; that she was not informed before signing the agreement, and, when she executed it, did not in fact understand that she was virtually surrendering to the respondent the exclusive possession and control of the property of the estate.
The opposing affidavits of the respondent allege that the agreement in question was drawn in duplicate after consultation between himself and the petitioner, and that the latter read it before execution; that at Mr. Dyett's request she also read the petition for the appointment of herself and the respondent as administrators, and that she took the same course in respect to the petition for appointment of the respondent as guardian of her son Mr. Corn denies that he ever said to the petitioner that two guardians or two administrators were required by law.
It appears from the affidavit of Mr. Dyett that he prepared for execution the agreement and the two petitions; that he was present when Mrs. @orn signed the three papers; that he explained to her their contents and handed them to her for examination; that she apparently read them through and after-wards signed them without any protest and without suggestion that she did not thoroughly understand what she was doing.
The surrogate's authority to revoke letters of administration is solely derived from section 2685 of the Code of Civil Procedure (O'Brien agt. Neubert, 8 Dem., 156). 'It cannot be claimed that the allegations of the petition in the. case at bar would justify revocation under any of the subdivisions of that section except subdivision 4. Now can I find upon the proofs before me that the letters here in question were- " obtained by a false suggestion of a material fact ?" This expression first came upon the statute book at the adoption of the Code. The Law previously in force applicable to this subject (chap. 460, sec. 84, Laws of 1837; 3 Banks [5th ed.], 164) provided that letters of administration might be revoked whenever it should appear to the surrogate that they had been issued " on or by reason of false representations made by the person to whom the same were granted" For that provision the one here invoked was substituted to cover such cases as were referred to by the supreme court in Proctor agt. Wanmaker, 1 Barb. Ch., 302 (see Throop's Code, note to sec. 2685).
In Proctor agt. Wanmaker, it was held that independently of the statute of 1837, the surrogate had power to revoke letters of administration where there had been a false suggestion of a. material fact or a lack of notice to the parties rightfully entitled to administration. The cases cited by the supreme court in support of that proposition were all cases in which letters had been revoked upon a discovery that false representations had been made to the tribunal by which such letters had been granted, or that from such tribunal the lack of proper notice had been concealed (see Cornish agt. Cornish, 1 Lee's Ecc., 14; Burgis agt. Burgis, id., 121; Drummond agt. Hamilton, id., 357; Smith agt. Corry, id., 418; Lord Trimlestown agt. Lady Trimlestown, 3 Hagg. Ecc., 243).
Now, even upon the petitioner's own showing, I can not find that the respondent obtained his letters by any false suggestion to the surrogate of a fact material to the proceeding for the appointment of administrators. The petition must, therefore,, be denied. It is not my intention in so denying it to pass upon any question as to the validity or effect of the agreement above referred to between the parties to this proceeding. Whether that is such an agreement as administrators may lawfully enter into, and as courts are bound to recognize, may hereafter become the subject of consideration, but need not now be determined.
I had occasion in deciding Ledwith agt. Union Trust Company (2 Dem., 439) to review the grounds upon which the surrogate is authorized to remove a guardian appointed, as was this respondent, by virtue of title 7, chapter 18 of the Code of Civil Procedure. I adhere to the conclusion there announced, that as respects the guardianship of an infant's estate, the surrogate cannot revoke letters even though such revocation would seem to be for the best interests of the infant, unless facts are established which constitute a sufficient ground for revocation within one or more of the first five subdivisions of section 2832 of that-Code. No such facts have been established in the case at bar. I do not discredit Mrs. Corn's allegation that when she signed the petition asking for the respondent's appointment as guar dian she supposed that she herself would also be granted letters, and accordingly if such a course could properly be pursued I would now direct that she be associated with the respondent in the guardianship. But I have no power to give such a direction. It would be gratifying to the court if the respondent should pursue the course which his counsel at the argument of this proceeding declared would meet with his approbation — that is, to resign the guardianship and consent to the grant of new letters to himself and the petitioner. If he shall not see fit to adopt this course, a decree may be entered removing him from his office as guardian of the infant's person-; for if the relations between the petitioner and the respondent are to be inharmonious the infant's welfare will, in my judgment, be promoted by substituting the former for the latter as his personal guardian.