Case Name: Samuel L. Knight, as President, etc., App'lt, v. Sackett & Wilhelms Lithographing Company, Resp't
Court: New York Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1894-02
Citations: 57 N.Y. St. Rep. 386
Docket Number: 
Parties: Samuel L. Knight, as President, etc., App’lt, v. Sackett & Wilhelms Lithographing Company, Resp’t.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York State Reporter
Volume: 57
Pages: 386–388

Head Matter:
Samuel L. Knight, as President, etc., App’lt, v. Sackett & Wilhelms Lithographing Company, Resp’t.
(Court of Appeals,
Filed February, 1894.)
1. Conversion—When not lie.
An action for conversion will not lie, where the right of property to lithographic stones is in the defendant, and the right to the impressions put upon them is in the plaintiff.
3. Same—Title.
An agreement that a lithographic company should make engravings upon its stones for plaintiff, from designs to be furnished, at a stipulated price for each, and that colored plates should be made from them, when requested, at agreed rates, is simply one for the performance of services in the making and transferring of lithographic engravings, and conveys no title to the stones to the plaintiff.
Appeal from order of the General Term of the New York Superior Court affirming a judgment entered by direction of Judge Me A.dam, dismissing the plaintiff’s complaint.
William 0. Campbell, for app’lt; Artemas B. Smith, for resp’t.
Affirming 46 St. Rep. 866.

Opinion:
Gray, J.
The plaintiff brought this action to recover damages of the defendant for an alleged wrongful conversion of certain personal property, consisting in lithographic drawings or engravings. Upon the trial the complaint was dismissed upon the plaintiff's case. According to his evidence, being desirous to obtain lithographic engravings for use upon covers of writing tablets, he made an oral agreement with the Hatch Lithographic Company that the company should make engravings upon stones for him, from designs to be furnished at a. stipulated price for each engraving, and that colored prints should be made therefrom when requested, at agreed rates. He testified that it was. their agreement that the ownership of the engravings should be in him and of the stones in the Hatch Company, and that the duration of the agreement was not fixed. It was admitted that the plaintiff had paid bills for the labor of engraving the stones. Chattel mortgages were given by the Hatch Company upon its properties, and, under foreclosure, these stones were sold, and ultimately came into the possession of the defendant, which refused to deliver them to the plaintiff when he tendered the mere value of the stones themselves.
The dismissal of the complaint, on the plaintiff's showing, was undoubtedly right, for he failed to show that he had any property in, or any right to, the possession of these stone at any time. He never had any interest in the stones except under his contract with she Hatch Company; which gave him the right to have imprestions or prints made from them. It is true that he had paid for the labor of engraving them; but it is very clear from his evidence that, by the agreement into which he entered with the lithographing company, the ownership of the stones continued in the company and that he was only to have his printing done at so much per thousand sheets. The contract between him and the Hatch Company was one which bound the latter to render its skilled services and which secured to it a fixed compensation. The appellant suggests that the transaction came under a head of bailments known as locaiio opens faciendi; but that would only have been the case if the plaintiff had furnished the stones and hacl employed the lithographers to do the engraving upon them. The learned trial judge thought that a tenancy in common of the stones had been created, and his dismissal of the complaint was upon the ground that trover or conversion would not lie, unless the plaintiff could claim as sole owner. But we do not think that the contract testified to made out an ownership in common. Ownership may rest upon agreement; but no inference can be drawn from the plaintiff's version of the transaction that the Hatch Company had agreed that the stones, as engraved, should be owned in common. The evidence was that the stones were to belong to the Hatch Company, and that it was not to print from them for anybody else. The plaintiff says: " These designs were to be held upon the stones for me for no purpose whatever except to do my printing as I might order it; that is all. That is the reason they were to be kept upon the stones for me." Taking the plaintiff's statement of the transaction, it is plain that the Hatch Company had bound itself to hold, and to print from, these particular designs (the ownership of which seems to have been secured to the plaintiS in part, if not wholly, by copyright) whenever ordered by, and solely for, the plaintiff at stipulated rates. This agreement, in its exclusive features, rested upon the consideration of what plaintiff was to pay at once towards the ex pense of doing the work of engraving, and upon the profits to be derived from the business to be given thereafter.
The agreement negatives the idea of any ownership in plaintiff of these stones, by the nature of its requirement of services to be rendered and from the absence of any claim to own the stones themselves. Nor was there any confusion, or an admixture of any property of the plaintiff with, or in, the property of the Hatch Company. The agreement testified to, again, negatives that idea. To that agreement plaintiff could hold the company, and if, by parting with the stones, is disabled itself from performing its agreement, it exposed itself to an action for its breach. In such an event, however, no rights of the plaintiff would attach to and follow the stones into the hands of strangers, other than, at furthest, such as equity might recognize. It is quite possible that such an agreement would be recognized and protected in a court of equity and that relief might be obtained by injunction or otherwise, if necessary to protect the plaintiff's rights against an improper use or a destruction of the lithographs. But it is not necessary or proper to decide the question here, and upon such proofs, whether the defendant acquired any greater or other rights to the use of these engraved stones than were possessed by the Hatch Company. Nor does it appear that the defendant refuses to carry out the agreement made with the Hatch Company. So far as it appears, the defendant may be quite willing to carry out the original agreement and to print for the plaintiff at the rates stipulated for with the Hatch Company. However that may be, we hold that this plaintiff never- had any title to, or any right to the possession of, these stones; and that the agreement, which he testified to, was one, simply, for the performance of services in the making and the transferring of lithographic engravings. In any view of the case, it is impossible to see how the plaintiff could allege that there had been any wrongful conversion of his property by the defendant, and the judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.
All concur (Bartlett, J., is of opinion that Hatch Company and plaintiff were, under the contract, tenants in common of the stones and engravings thereon, but concurs on ground that plaintiff invoked an improper remedy).
Judgment affirmed.