Case Name: PEOPLE v. MARTIN
Court: Michigan Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Michigan
Decision Date: 1970-12-10
Citations: 29 Mich. App. 295
Docket Number: Docket No. 9414
Parties: PEOPLE v. MARTIN
Judges: Before: Bronson, P. J., and Fitzgerald and Churchill, JJ.
Reporter: Michigan appeals reports; cases decided in the Michigan Court of Appeals.
Volume: 29
Pages: 295–300

Head Matter:
PEOPLE v. MARTIN
Opinion of the Court
1. Criminal Law — Plea of Guilty — Warning of Rights.
Failure to advise the defendant of his right to confront his accusers and his right against compulsory self-incrimination before accepting the defendant’s plea of guilty was not violative of the defendant’s constitutional rights where the trial court, at the taldng of the plea, ascertained that the defendant’s plea was freely, voluntarily, and understandingly made and that there was a substantial basis in fact for the plea and, at sentencing, again questioned the defendant concerning the voluntariness of the plea.
Dissent by Bronson, J.
2. Criminal Law — Plea of Guilty — Warning of Rights.
Failure to advise the defendant of his constitutional right of confrontation against his accuser and of his constitutional right
Reference for Points in Headnotes
[1-3] 21 Am Jur 2d, Criminal Law § 484 et seq.
against self-incrimination before accepting Ms plea of guilty mandated the setting asfde of the plea, because the silent record on these rights rendered the appellate court unable to determine whether the plea was voluntarily and understandingly made.
3. Criminal Law — Plea op Guilty — Constitutional Rights — Express Waiver.
A plea of guilty must be set aside where the record of the plea examination does not show that the defendant expressly waived his privilege against self-incrimination, his right to confront Ms accuser, and his right to remain silent, because when the record is silent as to these rights an appellate court is unable to determine whether the defendant voluntarily and understandingly entered his plea of guilty.
Appeal from Genesee, Donald R. Freeman, J.
Submitted Division 2 November 4, 1970, at Lansing.
(Docket No. 9414.)
Decided December 10, 1970.
Ronald Martin was convicted, on his plea of guilty, of breaking and entering a gas station with intent to commit a larceny. Defendant appeals.
Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, Robert F. Leonard, Prosecuting Attorney, and Donald A. Kuebler, Chief Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
William A. Shaheen, Jr., for defendant on appeal.
Before: Bronson, P. J., and Fitzgerald and Churchill, JJ.
Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.

Opinion:
Churchill, J.
Defendant was charged with the offense of breaking and entering a gasoline service station with intent to commit larceny. At the scheduled arraignment on October 2, 1969, defendant appeared with counsel. The information was read. The trial judge informed defendant:
"If there is anything I tell you that you don't understand, will you please tell me and I will do a better job of trying to explain it to you."
The trial judge explained to defendant his right to a jury trial and his right to a non-jury trial. Defendant's attorney informed the court that defendant stood mute and a plea of not guilty was entered.
On January 20, 1970, defendant was back in court with his attorney. The court informed him that his case was second on the docket. Defendant then pled guilty. The court then, by appropriate questioning, ascertained that defendant's plea was freely, voluntarily, and understandingly made and that there was a substantial basis in fact for the plea. The plea was accepted. On February 19, 1970, at the time of sentencing, the court again questioned defendant carefully concerning the voluntariness of the plea.
It does not appear, however, that the court ever advised defendant of his constitutional right against compulsory self-incrimination or of his constitutional right to confront his accusers. These omissions are the principal basis of his claim of appeal.
The possible impact of Boykin v. Alabama (1969), 395 US 238 (89 S Ct 1709, 23 L Ed 274) in such a situation was fully considered in People v. Jaworski (1970), 25 Mich App 540.
We agree with the majority in Jaworski, and we hold that the manner in which defendant's plea was accepted was not in violation of his Federal constitutional rights.
Chief Judge Lesinski in his Jaw or ski dissent points out that Boykin did not make the impact on the judiciary that Escobedo, *Miranda, and Gault did. Reference to Escobedo and Miranda is apt. In Escobedo and Boykin the court made specific rulings with respect to particular situations and, perhaps, laid foundations for things to come. In Miranda after two years of "spirited legal debate" concerning the meaning of Escobedo, the court spelled out a specific code with prospective operation. Had the majority of the court in Boykin intended to set forth a specific code of minimum requirements for the acceptance of pleas of guilty by state courts they could have, should have and, we believe, would have done so with care.
Defendant's other claim of error is without merit. When asked by the court to tell what he did to commit this crime, he said:
"Well, I was confused as to, you know I had gotten in an argument with my brother and I had been drinking."
He then went on to explain the crime in some detail and when asked by the court:
"So, the purpose of the breaking was with an intent to steal?"
he answered "Yes."
We affirm.
Fitzgerald, J., concurred.
MCLA § 750.110 (Stat Ann 1970 Cum Supp § 28.305).
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), 378 US 478 (84 S Ct 1758, 12 L Ed 2d 977).
Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 US 436 (86 S Ct 1602, 16 L Ed 2d 694, 10 ALR3d 974).
In re Gault (1967), 387 US 1 (87 S Ct 1428, 18 L Ed 2d 527).