Case Name: Linn Boyd Tobacco Warehouse Co. v. Terrill
Court: Kentucky Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: Kentucky
Decision Date: 1877-12-05
Citations: 13 Bush 463
Docket Number: 
Parties: Linn Boyd Tobacco Warehouse Co. v. Terrill.
Judges: 
Reporter: Kentucky Reports
Volume: 76
Pages: 463–467

Head Matter:
Case 52 — PETITION ORDINARY
December 5.
Linn Boyd Tobacco Warehouse Co. v. Terrill.
APPEAL PROM M’CRACKEN CIRCUIT COURT.
1. Sales oe land by a sheriff, commissioner, or auctioneer, when the proper return, report, or memorandum in writing is made by him, do not come within the statute of frauds.
2. The sheriff at an execution sale of land is the legal agent and representative of the plaintiff and defendant in the judgment, and also of the accepted bidder, and has the right to bind all the parties by his return on the execution.
But á memorandum made by the sheriff on a separate piece of paper, and not embodied in his return on the execution, will not bind the parties.
8. If the highest bidder refuses to execute the necessary sale-bond, and the sheriff readvertises and makes a second sale for a less sum, and in his return on the execution makes no mention whatever of the first or uncompleted sale, the execution defendant can not recover of such recusant highest bidder the difference between his bid and the sum for which the property was sold at the second sale.
4. It is not necessary to answer and plead and rely on the statute of frauds, when the petition and exhibits show the want of the necessary writing, and hence the question may be raised by a general demurrer.
C. S. MARSHALL for appellant.
1. The difference between Terrill’s bid and the price at which the property was resold represents the damage sustained by the owner of the property by Terrill’s failure to execute his bonds and comply with his contract. That difference also represents the additional credit that the owner, the appellant, would have had on the executions against it.
2. The paper signed by the sheriff as the agent of the bidder, showing the amount and for what the bid was made, etc., took the transaction out of the statute of frauds. The execution of this paper being alleged in the petition, the statute of frauds could not be taken advantage of by demurrer, but could only be made available by answer. (Baker v. Jameson, 2 J. J. Mar. 548.)
3. The resale by the sheriff did not amount to an abandonment or waiver of the first sale. (See Am. Law Reg., Oct. number, 1877, p. 585; Bowser v. Cessna, 62 Penn. St. 149; 2 Penn. St. 211; Watson’s adm’r v. Yiolett, 2 Duv. 332; Closen v. Bailey, 14 Johns. 485.)
L. D, HUSBANDS roe appellee.
The sheriff in levying upon and selling land, in contemplation of law, is the disinterested agent of all the parties. (2 J. J. Mar. 33.)
When the sheriff cried off the property, as the agent of all the parties, he had the power to return upon the execution the fact of the sale and purchase by Terrill; and whether Terrill declined to execute bond or not, the sheriff’s return would have made the purchase binding on him, if the sheriff himself had stood by the sale thus made. The sheriff’s return is the writing which satisfies the statute of frauds and perjuries in such a case. There being no return on the executions showing the sale to Terrill, the statute applies to this case. By failing to return the sale to Terrill, the sheriff waived his bid, and exonerated him from the payment thereof.
By making the second sale, the sheriff expressly waived Terrill’s bid.
In Watson’s adm’r v. Violett (2 Duv. 332) the commissioner did not attempt to make a second sale, but reported the sale made by him, and the court awarded a rule against the purchaser to show cause why he did not execute bond, etc.
Terrill’s bid was repudiated by him, and waived by the sheriff. (See 3 Bibb, 300; 2 B. Mon. 196.)

Opinion:
CHIEF JUSTICE LINDSAY
delivered the opinion or the court.
The sheriff of McCracken County, under and by virtue of various executions against the Linn Boyd Tobacco Warehouse Company, levied on the right of redemption held by said company in certain real estate situated in the city of Paducah. After due advertisement he offered said right for sale, and appellee Terrill bid therefor $11,050, and it was stricken off to him. He refused to execute to the,sheriff the necessary sale-bonds, and thereupon the property was readvertised, and on the succeeding county-court day was sold to the then highest bidder for the sum of $9,000. In the sheriff's return upon the executions no mention whatever was made of the uncompleted sale to Terrill.
The warehouse company instituted this action in ordinary against Terr.il!, and, after setting out the above-recited facts, asked judgment for the difference between his bid and the sum for which the property finally sold. A general demurrer was sustained to the petition. The company then offered to amend by stating that at the time the bid of Terrill was accepted, " a memorandum in writing of the sale was made by the sheriff and signed by the defendant, by the sheriff as agent of defendant." This amendment was refused, and appellant failing to plead further, its petition was dismissed.
This appeal involves the single question as to whether or not the petition and the proposed amendment set out facts constituting a cause of action?
Where a contract for land is executory on both sides, it is necessary that the sale and the price shall both be evidenced by a memorandum in writing signed by the vendor, and it has been intimated that the undertaking of the vendee should also be evidenced by a properly-executed writing. (3 Litt. 262; 3 J. J. Mar. 443; 6 B. Mon. 106; 1 J. J. Mar. 387.)
And when, as in this case, the vendee has received no benefits whatever under the purchase, and the vendor has not bound himself by the execution of the necessary memorandum in writing, his (the vendee's) note for the agreed purchase-price will be treated as non-enforceable for the want of a legal consideration. (Curnutt v. Roberts, 11 B. Mon. 42.)
The sheriff, who, for the purpose of raising money by the sale of the judgment debtor's lands, is the legal agent and representative of the plaintiff and defendant in the judgment and also of the accepted bidder in an execution sale, had the right to bind all the parties by his return on the execution. And we do not doubt that his return of the facts attending the purchase by Terrill would have taken the case within the 6th sub-section of the 1st section of our present statute of frauds, and have bound all the parties by an enforceable executory contract.
Appellant insists that execution sales, like judicial sales, are not embraced by the statute of frauds. But there is this substantial difference between these two classes of sales: in the first, it is in the nature of a contempt for the accepted bidder, without reason to refuse to complete his purchase; and this contempt he can purge in no other way than by executing the necessary bonds, or by showing that he acted in good faith, and is unable to comply with the terms of the sale. But the refusal to comply with a purchase made at an execution sale involves no contempt of court. And in addition to this, the proceedings to compel the purchaser at a judicial sale to complete his purchase are founded on the written report of the commissioner of the court, who has the power, like the sheriff or the auctioneer at a private sale of real estate, to execute the necessary writings to bind all the parties in interest, and therefore the statute of frauds can not be successfully interposed by the recusant bidder; and the case of Watson's administrator v. Violett (2 Duv. 332) might well have been made to rest on the fact that the sale in that case was evidenced by the report of the commissioner. In this case the sheriff not only failed to make the necessary memorandum in writing, but disregarded the sale to Terrill, and resold the property, and made the proper return as to his second sale, and thus put it out of the power of Terrill, in any contingency, to demand the completion of the sale to him. It is true the proposed amendment states that the sheriff did make and sign a written memorandum ; but it is not alleged that this memorandum is incorporated in his return on the execution, and the exhibits filed with and referred to in the petition show that it was not so incorporated. To bind the parties, the sheriff must act officially, and his private memorandums of execution sales not made part of his official returns, are like the private papers of any other individual, and can not be allowed to compromise the rights of any one.
It was not necessary to require Terrill to plead and rely on the statute of frauds. The petition and exhibits show the want of the necessary writing, and hence the question could be raised by demurrer.
Whether a party who officiously intermeddles at a sheriff's sale of real estate, and, without any intention of complying with the terms, bids more than any one else, and thus defeats a sale to a bona fide bidder then present, and renders necessary a second sale, at which the property sells for a smaller sum than would have been realized at the first, except for his interference, can be held to answer in damages for his wrongful conduct, independent of the return of the sheriff, we need not decide, as no such state of facts is charged against Terrill.
Judgment affirmed.