Case Name: TIAN DI LI, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, United States Attorney General, Respondent
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2016-11-29
Citations: 661 F. App'x 145
Docket Number: 15-1840
Parties: TIAN DI LI, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, United States Attorney General, Respondent.
Judges: PRESENT: RICHARD C. WESLEY, DENNY CHIN, RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 661
Pages: 145–149

Head Matter:
TIAN DI LI, Petitioner, v. Loretta E. LYNCH, United States Attorney General, Respondent.
15-1840
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
November 29, 2016
FOR PETITIONER: Aminat Sabak (Yevgeny Samokhleb, on the brief), Law Offices of Yu & Associates, PLLC, New York, N.Y.
FOR RESPONDENT: Benjamin C. Mizer, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Margaret Kuehne Taylor, Senior Litigation Counsel; Ente D. Bala-ban, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.
PRESENT: RICHARD C. WESLEY, DENNY CHIN, RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
Petitioner Tian Di Li, a native and citizen of China, seeks review of a May 19, 2015, decision of the BIA, affirming an April 25, 2013, decision of an Immigration Judge ("IJ") denying Li's application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture ("CAT"). In re Tian Di Li, No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (B.I.A. May 19, 2015), aff'g No. [ AXXX XXX XXX ] (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Apr. 25, 2013). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.
Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed both the IJ's and the BIA's decisions. Yun-Zui Guan v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 391, 394 (2d Cir. 2005). The applicable standards of review are well established. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008).
Asylum applications like Li's are governed by the REAL ID Act, which provides that an agency may, "Monsider-ing the totality of the circumstances," base a credibility finding on an applicant's "demeanor, candor, or responsiveness," the plausibility of his account, and inconsistencies in his statements and other record evidence "without regard to whether" those inconsistencies go "to the heart of the applicant's claim." 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 163-64. "We defer . to an IJ's credibility determination unless . it is plain that no reasonable fact-finder could make such an adverse, credibility ruling." Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167. Further, "[a] petitioner must do more than offer a plausible explanation for his inconsistent statements to secure relief; he must demonstrate that a reasonable fact-finder would be compelled to credit his testimony." Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80 (2d Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). Substantial evidence supports the agency's determination that Li was not credible.
The agency reasonably based its credibility determination in small part on inconsistencies between Li's testimony and tax returns that report where he has lived since arriving in the United States. See Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167 ("[A]n IJ may rely on any inconsistency or omission in making an adverse credibility determination as long as the 'totality of the circumstances' establishes that an asylum applicant is not credible."); Tu Lin v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 395, 402 (2d Cir. 2006) ("[E]ven where an IJ relies on discrepancies or lacunae that, if taken separately, concern matters 'collateral or ancillary to the claim,' the cumulative effect may nevertheless be deemed consequential by the fact-finder." (citation omitted)). Li testified that he lived in New York since, arriving in the United States and that he attended church in New York once a week, and he submitted letters from his New York church stating that Li attends Sunday masses when his work permits. However, one of Li's tax forms provides an Illinois residence. The agency reasonably rejected Li's explanation that he sometimes helped his sister in Chicago with her work because it did not explain why he listed an Illinois residence on his tax return. See Majidi, 430 F.3d at 80. The agency also reasonably found this inconsistency material because it called into question Li's claim of weekly church attendance in New York. See Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167; Tu Lin, 446 F.3d at 402.
The agency reasonably relied further on Li's failure to corroborate his practice of Christianity. "An applicant's failure to corroborate his . testimony may bear on credibility, because the absence of corroboration in general makes an applicant unable to rehabilitate testimony that has already been called into question" or is suspicious. Biao Yang v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 268, 273 (2d Cir. 2007). Here, the agency reasonably found Li's credibility undermined by his inability to provide a witness (either in person or by phone) to corroborate his practice of Christianity. The agency did not err in rejecting Li's explanations for why he could not provide such a witness—they were busy and had to work—because they, were not sufficiently compelling. See Majidi, 430 F.3d at 80; cf. 8 U.S.C. § 1254(b)(4) ("No court shall reverse a determination made by a trier of fact with respect to the availability of corroborating evidence . [unless] a reasonable trier of fact is compelled to conclude that such corroborating evidence is unavailable.").
Additionally, the agency reasonably relied on inconsistency between Li's claim of past persecution and the country conditions evidence. See Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 166-67. Li testified that he was detained for 17 days with 10 fellow parishioners, interrogated, and beaten after police raided his small, house church gathering in Fujian Province. However, the agency reasonably concluded that the few instances of similar mistreatment in Fujian Province documented in the country conditions evidence related to house church leaders. See Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 342 (2d Cir. 2006) (holding that the weight accorded to State Department reports lies largely within the discretion of the agency). The agency did not err by placing "excessive reliance" on the State Department 2010 International Religious Freedom Report because it also considered "contrary or countervailing evidence . as well as the particular circumstances of the [Li]'s case." See Cao He Lin v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 428 F.3d 391, 403-04 (2d Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). The IJ explained that he credited the State Department report because Li's testimony about his past harm was unpersuasive and he failed to produce a witness to corroborate his practice of Christianity in China or the United States.
However, in affirming the credibility determination we decline to rely on the IJ's demeanor finding. "[DJemeanor is par-adigmatically the sort of evidence that a fact-finder is best positioned to evaluate," Li Zu Guan v. INS, 453 F.3d 129, 140 (2d Cir. 2006), and we therefore give "particular deference to credibility determinations that are based on the adjudicator's observation of the applicant's demeanor," Jin Chen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 426 F.3d 104, 113 (2d Cir. 2005). We have observed, however, that we "can be still more confident in our review of observations about an applicant's demeanor where . they are supported by specific examples of inconsistent testimony." Li Hua Lin v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 453 F.3d 99, 109 (2d Cir. 2006). Although the IJ found that Li's testimony often "mimicked" his asylum application, and that Li struggled to recount details of his claim that were not stated explicitly therein, the IJ did not support this observation with examples of specific testimony or citations to the record. The weight placed by the IJ on the demeanor finding is also unclear because he appears to have faulted the Government for failing to elicit further details on cross-examination. Even assuming that this finding was erroneous, however, we cap confidently predict that the agency would adhere to its decision because the remainder of the credibility determination is supported by substantial evidence. See Xiao Ji Chen, 471 F.3d at 338-39 (holding that remand is futile when the Court can "confidently predict" that the agency would reach the same decision absent any errors).
Given the inconsistency and corroboration findings, the totality of the circumstances supports the adverse credibility determination. See Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167. The credibility determination is dispositive of Li's claims for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief because all claims relied on the same factual predicate. See Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156-57 (2d Cir. 2006).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. As we have completed our review, any stay of removal that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED, and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).