Case Name: Abraham Leavitt, Respondent, v. Henry de Vries, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1908-07-08
Citations: 127 A.D. 721
Docket Number: 
Parties: Abraham Leavitt, Respondent, v. Henry de Vries, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 127
Pages: 721–724

Head Matter:
Abraham Leavitt, Respondent, v. Henry de Vries, Appellant.
First Department,
July 8, 1908.
Er idence —varying written instrument by parol.
Where an altor’s contract of employment has been annulled by an instrument in writing wherein it is provided that the actor is to pay the manager a certain sum per week for a stated period with the understanding that in case he does not act no payment 'shall be made, and that the manager is not entitled to receive any sum except as the same may be earned by the actor, it is error to receive parol evidence to vary the agreement by showing that the actor, prior to the signing of the contract, agreed to pay the weekly sum if the manager procured him an engagement.
While the practical construction of a contract aids in its interpretation, a parol agreement as to the meaning of a contract may not be resorted to for the purpose of construing it.
Appeal by the defendant, Henry de Vries, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Hew York on the 16th day of January,. 1908, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the. 8tli day of January, 1908, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes. .
Norman, W. Kerngood, for the appellant.
I. M. Dittenhoefer, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Laughlin, J.:
The action is on claims assigned to plaintiff by Michael B. Leavitt. Three causes of action are set forth in the complaint but upon the trial the plaintiff' stood upon the first and waived the second and third. The plaintiff's assignor was' a theatrical manager and the defendant is an actor by profession. Plaintiff's assignor and one McLellan were copartners as theatrical managers. On or about -the 19th day of Hovember, 1905, plaintiff's assignor and McLellan entered into a contract in writing with the defendant, under date of the 23d day of October, 1905, concerning the organization of a theatrical company for the purpose of touring through the Hnited States and Canada with the defendant as the star artiste. The defendant came to Hew York and appeared at the Madison Square Theatre in an engagement procured for him and his company by the plaintiff's assignor and his partnership, pursuant to- the contract. Thereafter and on the 27th day of January, 1906,- another contract was made between plaintiff's assignor and his partner, as copartners and individually, designated as parties of the first part, and the defendant, designated as party of the second part, in and by which the former contract of' October 23, 1905, was canceled and annulled. As a condition of canceling and annulling the former contract the defendant agreed, among ther things, to pay the plaintiff " the sum of Two hundred dollars ($200) a week for seventeen (17) weeks, after February 5, 1906, payable at- the end of each week, out of the salary of said party of the second .part which he may receive." After reciting other -agreements on the part of the defendant,- not material to the issue presented by this appeal, the contract further provided as follows: " It is expressly understood and agreed that in case said party of the second part shall not perform, no payment shall be made to said Leavitt, nor shall he be entitled to receive any sum from said party of the second part except as the same may be earned by said party of the second part, and that the time of such payment shall only continue for seventeen (17) calendar weeks from and after February 5th, 1906, and only-under the conditions aforesaid." The contract contained no provision obligating the defendant to appear in any engagement that might be procured for him by plaintiff's assignor or his partner individually or otherwise. It appears that the defendant accepted engagements for the period of ten weeks immediately succeeding the 5th day of February, 1906, and that he paid the plaintiff the sum of $2,000 on account of the salary thus earned pursuant to the contract. The first cause of action is to recover the sum of $1,400 for the remaining seven of the seventeen weeks specified in the contract. The plaintiff alleges that at the time the agreement of January 27, 1906, was executed, it was agreed between the parties that the weekly payment of $200 specified in the contract should be made for such portion of the period of seventeen weeks as the defendant refused to appear in engagements procured for him. The agreement of January 27, 1906, was signed in the office of one Morris, an agent for vaudeville managers. The plaintiff's assignor and his partner were represented by an attorney, who was present. The contract was produced at that time by the defendant's attorney and read by plaintiff's assignor before it was signed. The plaintiff was permitted to show, over objection and exception duly taken by defendant, that the evidence was incompetent ; that on reading the contract his assignor drew attention to the fact that it contained no provision obligating the defendant, to accept any engagements which the plaintiff's assignor or his firm or partner might procure, and that the defendant said: " That iá for seventeen weeks if I play or pay; you get me the engagement and I will play, and you get the $200; and if you don't get me the ^engagement, and I don't play, of course you can't get the $200; " and that thereupon the contract was signed. The plaintiff further showed that his assignor subsequently procured an engagement for seven of the seventeen weeks for the defendant and requested him to sign a contract accepting the same, which he agreed to do provided Ms transportation would be furnished, and that the transportation was not furnished and defendant failed to appear.
It is quite clear that the court erred in receiving this ¿vidence. It tended to vary the written contract, which expressly provided that the defendant was not to pay excepting from salary received by him, and that he should not be obligated to make the weekly payments in case he should not perform. The evidence at most consisted of parol negotiations prior to the execution of the contract which were merged in it. If the evidence be deemed an agreement of the parties with respect to the interpretation of the contract, that does not . aid the plaintiff. The practical construction of a contract aids in its Interpretation, but a parol agreeement as to the mea/ning of a contract may not be resorted to for the purpose of construing it, although in some cases it may be important evidence in an action to reform the instrument. The court should be slow in allowing a formal contract in writing, executed by parties represented by counsel, to be changed or modified by parol evidence. The contract must be conclusively deemed to embrace the entire obligation of the defendant with respect to the weekly payments of $200, and since it was not shown that he performed or earned a salary during the seven weeks in question, he is not liable to the plaintiff.
It follows that the judgment and order should be reversed and a . new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide the event.
Ingraham, McLaughlin, Houghton and Scott, JJ., concurred.
Judgment and order reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.