Case Name: Johnson City Tax Collector v. Mississippi Baptist Hospital
Court: Mississippi Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: Mississippi
Decision Date: 1925-11-02
Citations: 140 Miss. 485
Docket Number: No. 25074
Parties: Johnson City Tax Collector v. Mississippi Baptist Hospital.
Judges: 
Reporter: Mississippi Reports
Volume: 140
Pages: 485–502

Head Matter:
Johnson City Tax Collector v. Mississippi Baptist Hospital.
(Division B.
Nov. 2, 1925.
Suggestion of Error Overruled. Nov. 30, 1925.)
[106 So.
No. 25074.]
Green, Green & Potter, for appellant.
George Butler, for appellee.
Argued orally by Marcellus Green, for appellant, and George Butler, for appellee.
Headnotes 1. Taxation, 37 Cyc., p. 930; 2. Taxation, 37 Cyc., p. 930; 3. Taxation, 37 Cyc., p. 930; 4. Taxation, 37 Cyc., p. 930.

Opinion:
Ethridge, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court.
The appellee filed a bill for injunction against the city tax collector to prevent a sale for taxes of lots 5 and 6, block L. North Park addition, in the city of Jackson, Miss., upon which is situated a house owned by the appellee and used in housing nurses in the employment of the hospital. The bill alleged: That the complainant was incorporated under chapter 24, Code of 1906. That its charter was duly granted on the 11th day of January, 1912, and that said hospital was organized on or about January 16, 1912, and has continuously existed as such corporation since such date, and has invested a large sum of money in the city of Jackson, in hospital grounds, buildings and equipment, and since said date has owned and conducted a hospital for the uses and purposes set forth in its charter, which hospital is at all times open to all reputable physicians, and to people of all denominations, and to those not affiliated with any denominations. That its entire capital is invested in said property and hospital and equipment, and that all of its capital was donated to it by various and sundry charitable individuals and persons and religious organizations. That the affairs of the hospital are managed by twelve trustees, appointed from time to time by the Mississippi Baptist State Convention, which is a voluntary organization for the purpose of better co-ordinating the work of the separate, independent Baptist churches in the state of Mississippi, and is composed of messengers from the Baptist churches in the state of Mississippi and the various Baptist church associations in Mississippi, each association being entitled to one messenger for each two hundred members, or fraction thereof, and each church entitled to one messenger for the first one hundred, or fraction thereof, of its membership, and one messenger for each additional fifty members, or fraction thereof. That during the year 1924 complainant owned a tract of land situated on North State street in the city of Jackson, Miss., extending north and south from Carlisle street to Manship street along the east side of North State street a distance of approximately two hundred and fifty-nine feet, and described with particularity the -lot upon which the hospital building is situated, and the lot upon which the nurses ' home is situated. The hospital building' proper and its equipment is on lot Q, and the other buildings are on lots 5 and 6 in block L.
It is further alleged: That the hospital building is equipped with X-ray equipment, operating rooms, a kitchen in which meals for the patients, nurses in training, graduate nurses attending patients, and the other employees of the hospital, are cooked and prepared, and a dining room in which such meals are served. That on lot 5, block L, complainant owns and maintains a two story building or house which is used as a nurses' home, in which said hospital nurses sleep and keep their clothing, said nurses' home for some years past being used by about thirty nurses in training in said hospital. It is further alleged: That on said lots on which said nurses ' home is located is a concrete driveway, and from the eastern end of said concrete driveway has been constructed and maintained a hard surface driveway extending back to .the southern side (near the rear) of the main hospital building. That said driveway is used and useful as a means of ingress and egress to the coalhouse and rear or back end of said lot 5, and that to provide other means of ingress and egress to the coalhouse and rear or back end of said lot 5' would necessitate the abandonment of the present driveway and its removal further south at a considerable expense, or the construction of a new driveway from Carlisle street to the rear of said lot 5 at a considerable expense. That said concrete driveway is also used and useful as. a means of ingress and egress to the rear of said hospital building. It is the only means at present of ingress and egress for wagons or trucks delivering coal, wood, and fuel used in the heating of said main building, and cooking thereat, and is constantly in use, and is the only means of ingress and egress in the nighttime for patients being taken from or received into said hospital. That, in order to provide a means of ingress and egress for such wagons and trucks and patients in the nighttime to the main hospital building, without going over any portion of or across said lot 6, it would be necessary for complainant to construct a new driveway from North State street along the south side of-said lot Q. to the rear of said main hospital building, and to grade down said elevation approximately twelve feet, at a considerable expense and outlay of money, and á driveway so constructed would seriously depreciate the value of' said lot Q as a site for the main hospital building, and would interfere with the quietude of patients in said hospital, and would entail a considerable outlay of money. A driveway for the purposes aforesaid might be constructed to the rear of said hospital across the vacant portion of said lot Q back of the main building, but this would necessitate the grading of the embankment approximately ten feet high and the building of a driveway around the rear of said building to the south side thereof near the rear, for the unloading and delivery of fuel, coal, etc., and for the receiving and discharging of patients in the nighttime, and would entail a large outlay of money, and would detract from the value of the property as a hospital site, and would detract from the desirability of the premises and the buildings thereon as a hospital.
It is further alleged that lot 6, block L is further used and useful to the hospital for the purpose of affording ventilation and light to said hospital and quietude for the patients therein, and also.is used and useful as a place of recreation for convalescent patients at said hospital, and in order to make said hospital and its grounds attractive as a hospital.
It is further alleged: That complainant maintains a first-class hospital, consisting of seventy-five beds, with necessary equipment, furnishings, etc., and maintains twenty-three charity beds for charity patients. That approximately thirty-seven per cent, of all patients in said hospital are full charity patients and pay no compensation whatever. That, in addition to this, there are a large number of other patients who pay only a part of the actual costs incurred by complainant in and about the treatment and accommodation afforded such patients. It is alleged that all of the income from said hospital is used entirely for the purposes thereof, and that no part of the same is used for profit, but all surplus income is reinvested in equipment for the hospital.
It is further alleged that the hospital conducts a training school for nurses as an incident to its business, and, as an incident to the operation of the hospital, it receives into its services and employment young women who wait upon and attend the patients of said hospital, and who receive a prescribed course of instruction from graduate nurses and physicians connected with said hospital in the art and science of nursing and caring for the sick, and upon the completion of said prescribed course of three years the hospital grants a certificate or diploma certifying to the fact.
It is further alleged that throughout the year 1924 complainant had in training on an average an excess of thirty nurses taking said prescribed course of study, and attending and waiting upon patients of said hospital, and that said nurses occupied said nurses ' home as aforesaid as a place to sleep and keep their clothing.
It is further alleged: That similar training schools for nurses are conducted and maintained by all well-regulated and properly conducted and operated modern hospitals of any size in the state of Mississippi, and elsewhere. That many of the modern hospitals provide such nurses in training with homes and quarters in the hospital building itself, and others provide such nurses with homes and quarters in an annex, wings, or buildings attached or annexed to or adjoining the main hospital building. That, under the rules and regulations of all such hospitals, the nurses in training are required to reside and live within the hospital or building adjoining or in close proximity thereto, and such buildings are usually owned, controlled, and supervised by the hospital authorities, and that such nurses in training are required to wait upon and attend to the patients in said hospital on an average of eight hours a day, and to conform to the rules and requirements of the hospital authorities in the course of instruction, examination, dress, hours of recreation, etc., and for which services they receive only a nominal salary, not sufficient, in the case of the complainant, to purchase the hooks required for the course of study to he pursued.
Complainant further alleged that it is a charitable society within the meaning of clause (d) of section 4251, Code of 1906, and that all of its property, real and personal, described as aforesaid, is used exclusively for hospital purposes, and not for profit, and that its said property is appropriated to, and occupied and used for, a hospital within the meaning of said clause (f) of section 4251, Code of 1906. It is further alleged that no dividends are declared, and that all the revenues derived from said property are used for benevolent purposes, and that therefore all said property is exempt from taxation.
Complainant further alleges that all of said property is specifically exempt from taxation under section 1, chapter 134, Laws of 1922, which provides:
' ' That all property real or personal whether belonging to religious or charitable or benevolent organizations, which is used for hospital purposes and which maintains one or more charity wards that are for charity patients, and where all the income from said hospital is used entirely for the purposes thereof and no part of the same for profit, shall be exempt from all taxation, both ad valorem and privilege."
Complainant then alleges that, notwithstanding these facts the city of Jackson, through its authorities, has assessed for ad valorem taxes for the year 1924 that part of said property owned and used by complainant and described as lots 5 and 6, block L. of the North Park addition to said city of Jackson, upon which said nurses' home is located, and alleges that said assessment is illegal and void because said property is exempt from taxation, and that said A. J. Johnson, city tax collector, has advertised said property for sale for said alleged ad valorem taxe's in the sum of one hundred and ninety-one dollars and twenty cents, and damages and costs, aggregating two hundred eleven dollars and seven cents, and that, unless restrained by the court, the said city tax collector will sell said property for the said alleged taxes, and thereby cast a doubt, cloud, and suspicion upon the title of complainant.
The bill of complaint was demurred to by the city of Jackson, on the ground: That there was no equity on the face of the bill; second, that said property and each several portion thereof is liable to taxation, and that there is no exemption of the said property or any part thereof from taxation; third, that said corporation is not exempt upon any of the said property, in this, that said property and all of it is held in contravention of law, and that no immunity from taxation can be implied in favor of it when the church is without power thus to own the said property or any part thereof; fourth, that said property is liable for taxation, and that said bill as to each piece respectively does not set forth any immunity from taxation.
The demurrer was overruled, and the defendant declined to plead further, and decree was entered in favor of the complainant.
The statutes involved in this suit are clauses (d) and (f) of section 4251, Code of 1906 (Hemingway's Code, section 6878), section 4252, Code of 1906 (Hemingway's Code, section 6883), and section 1, chapter 134, Laws of 1922.
Section 4251, Code of 1906 (Hemingway's Code, section 6878, clauses [d] and [f]), reads as follows:
"The following property, and no other, shall be exempt from taxation, to-wit: . . .
"(d) All property, real or personal, belonging to any religious or charitable society, and used exclusively for the purpose of such society and not for profit. All property, real or personal, belonging to any college or institution for the education of youth, used directly and exclusively for such purpose. ' '
" (f) Property appropriated to and occupied and used for any hospital or charitable institution."
Section 4252, Code of 1906 (Hemingway's Code, section 6883), reads as follows:
"All public libraries and buildings in which the free public schools are taught, and the lots on which the same are situated, not exceeding four acres in dimensions, with-, out cost to the state or any county or municipality thereof for rent or lease, and also the real and personal property of library associations, used for library purposes where no dividends are declared, and to which the children attending the public schools have free access; and all the property, real and personal, and the revenues derived therefrom belonging to any religious or charitable society or benevolent order on the lodge- system where no dividends are declared and where the revenues' thereqf are used for fraternal and benevolent purposes, shall be exempt from all state, county, and municipal taxes."
It will be noted, from a reading of the bill of complaint, that the city of Jackson made no effort to tax the hospital building proper, nor the grounds on which it is situated, lot Q, but did tax the property upon which the nurses' home is situated. Argument was addressed largely as to the right of ail exemption of the hospital property, it being* contended by the city that the hospital is a corporation for profit because the earnings above expenses were shown by the bill of complaint to be invested in additional property for the hospital, and that earnings constitute profits within the meaning of the statute. It is also contended by the city that the bill of complaint shows that the complainant is in fact owned by the Mississippi State Baptist Association, which association appoints the trustees who operate and control the hospital, and that such association was not entitled to own such property under the law of the state of Mississippi, limiting the property that may be owned by a religious association under the doctrine announced by this court in Central Methodist Church v. City of Meridian, 126 Miss. 780, 89 So. 650, and Gunter v. City of Jackson and City of Jackson v. Gunter, 130 Miss. 637, 94 So. 844, while the appellee contends that, inasmuch as the complainant was incorporated under the law of the state, and inasmuch as its capital consists of donations made to it by charitably inclined people and by religious organizations, it is a strictly charitable organization, and does not belong to the Mississippi State Baptist Association in any legal sense.
Inasmuch as the city of Jackson has not attempted to tax the hospital building proper or the grounds on which it is situated, the right of the city and of the state to tax that is not here presented, and, as the consideration of that question would be both difficult and improper if the cause can be decided without deciding that question, which we think it can, we reserve that question until it is properly presented, if it should ever be so presented.
In our view the maintaining of a home for the nurses employed by the hospital and for other employees of the hospital is not a hospital purpose within the meaning of the statute. The statute contemplates such uses as are reasonably necessary to an effective discharge of the powers and duties of the hospital under its charter powers. It is not necessary, for the proper operation of a hospital, that the corporation should furnish homes for the nurses when not on duty. They are no different from other people who work and pay for board and lodging or furnish their own homes when off duty and performing no service necessary for the proper operation of a hospital. It would be an unwarranted distinction, by construction of the language of the statute, to hold that buildings used merely as a rooming house for employees come within the meaning of the statute. See Thurston County v. Sisters of Charity, 14 Wash. 264, 44 P. 252; Philadelphia v. Jewish Hospital Ass'n, 148 Pa. 454, 23 A. 1135; Re Sisters of Blessed Sacrament, 38 Pa. Super. Ct. 640; Phi Beta Epsilon Corporation v. Boston, 182 Mass. 457, 65 N. E. 824; Calvary Baptist Church v. Milliken, 148 Ky. 580, 147 S. W. 12; People ex rel. v. Y. M. C. A., 157 Ill. 403, 41 N. E. 557; Auditor General v. Woman's Temperance Ass'n, 119 Mich. 430, 78 N. W. 466; School District v. Howe, 62 Ark. 481, 37 S. W. 717; Baptist B. & M. Society v. Boston, 204 Mass. 28, 90 N. E. 572; All Saints Parish v. Brookline, 178 Mass. 404, 59 N. E. 1003, 52 L. R. A. 778; First Christian Church v. Beatrice, 39 Neb. 432, 58 N. W. 166.
In the case of Phi Beta Epsilon Corporation v. Boston, 182 Mass. 457 at page 459, 65 N. E. 824, 825, the court said:
"But the housing or boarding of students is not of itself an educational process any more than is the housing or boarding of any other class of human beings. The nature of the process, so far as respects its educational features, is not' determined solely by the character of those who partake of its benefits. Suppose a number of students of the Institute of Technology should conclude to provide lodging and board for themselves on some cooperative plan, and for that purpose should buy and occupy a house not in any way connected with the grounds or property of the institution, could it be said that such a house was used for an educational purpose? Suppose again, that these students were incorporated for the purpose of providing board and lodging for themselves and others while students, could it be said that the use of the real estate for such purposes was an educational process ? The trouble with the plaintiff's case is that the property may have been found, as above stated, to have been used as a dormitory or boarding house, that this was the dominant use and was in no way necessary or convenient for such slight and incidental educational or scientific instruction as was furnished by the plaintiff, and therefore was in no proper sense a part of, or merely incidental to, such instruction."
We are therefore of the opinion that the nurses' home and the lot on which it is situated in the city of Jackson, assessed for taxation by the city, is subject to taxation, and that it was error to overrule the demurrer;
The judgment of the court will be reversed, the demurrer sustained, and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.