Case Name: CHANDLER v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1921-05-11
Citations: 232 S.W. 318
Docket Number: No. 6261
Parties: CHANDLER v. STATE.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Western Reporter
Volume: 232
Pages: 318–319

Head Matter:
CHANDLER v. STATE.
(No. 6261.)
(Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
May 11, 1921.
Rehearing Denied June 22, 1921.)
1. Criminal law <⅜=>51 I (2)— Evidence corroborating accomplice sufficient, if it “tends” to connect defendant with offense.
To obtain a conviction for unlawfully manufacturing intoxicating liquor on the evidence of an accomplice, it is not necessary that the corroborative testimony be sufficient of itself to convict, but the accomplice is sufficiently corroborated if the testimony “tends” to connect defendant with the commission of the offense; the word “tend” meaning “to have a leaning.”
[Ed. Note. — Eor other definitions, see Words and Phrases, Second Series, Tend.]
2. Criminal law <©=>511 (2) — Evidence of accomplice held sufficiently corroborated.
In a prosecution for manufacturing intoxicating liquor, evidence held sufficient to corroborate , an accomplice, showing defendant’s connection with the crime.
Appeal from District Court, Kaufman County; Joel R. Bond, Judge.
John Chandler was convicted of unlawful manufacture of intoxicating liquor, and he appeals.
Affirmed.
Ross Huft'master, of Kaufman, Miller & Miller, of Athens, and Wynne & Wynne, of Kaufman, for appellant.
R. PI. Hamilton, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.

Opinion:
HAWKINS, J.
Appellant was convicted for the unlawful manufacture of intoxicating liquor; his punishment being assessed at confinement in the penitentiary for one year.
W. W. Neal, an accomplice, testified, that he had helped the appellant make whisky, and described the equipment used, consisting, in part, of eight wooden barrels and one metal barrel, each being of about 50 gallons capacity. They had a coil and two small pipes, with elbows on it, and a mill to grind corn with. They used meal, sprouted corn, and syrup. This whisky was made on the place where appellant lived, and near the end of cotton rows cultivated by him. This witness described the location of the place where the whisky was manufactured as being near a branch at the end of the cotton rows. If the testimony of - the accomplice witness is to be believed, it leaves no doubt as to appellant's guilt, and the only question presented to this court is whether the corroborating testimony was sufficient.
Ed Cole, the constable, testified that he had occasion to make a search on the (farm of appellant, and down at the end of some cotton rows, where there was la slough, he found where they had cooked whisky; that is, he supposed they cooked whisky. He found a place where there had been a fire, and some mash; he found some whisky in a bucket; from this point he tracked a wagon to the Haynie pasture, which joined appellant's place, and there found the coil and pipe and 11 barrels, all of them being wooden except one, which was a metal barrel. He also found a corn mill. He says the stuff he found on the Haynie place appeared to have been unloaded just recently; there was a grubbing hoe and shovel, and irons to make grates. J. M. Haynie testified that the still found upon his place was not his; that'he did not know it was there until the officers found it upon his place.
Tom Jones testified that appellant at one time suggested to him that they ;make some whisky, and George Woodward testified to the same thing. The description of the place whore the officers found the indications of whisky having been made, and where mash had been poured out in the slough, and near which he found the whisky in the bucket, corresponded with the testimony of the accomplice, where he located the place of the whisky manufacture.
Does the foregoing testimony tend to connect the defendant with the commission of the offense of manufacturing intoxicating liquor? If it does, the accomplice is sufficiently corroborated, and this conviction should stand. It is not necessary that the coroborative testimony be sufficient, in and of itself, to convict. If so, there would be no necessity of using the accomplice, and his testimony would be of no value. For authorities upon this proposition, see the last paragraph of section 319, Branch's Crim. Law; and the law only requires that the corroborative evidence tend to connect the defendant with the commission of the offense. When we look to the dictionary for a definition of the word "tend," we find it means:
"To move in a certain direction;" "to have a leaning;" "to contribute to."
It is not necessary to refer to the many cases decided by this court giving practically the same construction to the meaning of the word as we find it laid down in the dictionary. The corroboration may be either by circumstantial or positive testimony. Pope v. State, 194 S. W. 590. The fact that there was found upon the premises controlled by the appellant a place where whisky had apparently been made; mash had been poured out on the ground, and whisky found close thereto; tracks leading away therefrom, which, when followed, resulted in the finding of the same equipment as described by the accomplice — would certainly have a "leaning towards" showing the guilt of appellant. That he was not adverse to engaging in the manufacture of intoxicating liquor is shown by the testimony of two witnesses to whom he had proposed this very thing, and this would also "move towards" the support of the testimony of the accomplice as to what he says was actually done.
An examination of the entire record leads us to the conclusion that the jury was not unauthorized to find that the corroborating évidence tended to connect the defendant with the manufacture of intoxicating liquor, and sufficiently supported the testimony of the accomplice which was positive as to this transaction.
Believing the testimony of ,the accomplice to have been sufficiently corroborated, and that ,being the only issue presented to this court, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
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