Case Name: UNITED STATES of America v. James BUCKNER, Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2005-11-22
Citations: 155 F. App'x 67
Docket Number: No. 04-4425
Parties: UNITED STATES of America v. James BUCKNER, Appellant.
Judges: Before ROTH, McKEE and FISHER, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 155
Pages: 67–68

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America v. James BUCKNER, Appellant.
No. 04-4425.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Submitted pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) Friday, Sept. 16, 2005.
Decided Nov. 22, 2005.
Kimberly A. Kelly, Office of the U.S. Attorney, Harrisburg, PA, for United States of America.
Gerald A. Lord, Miller, Poole & Lord, York, PA, for Appellant.
Before ROTH, McKEE and FISHER, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
OPINION
McKEE, Circuit Judge.
James Buckner appeals from his judgment of sentence, arguing that the district court improperly applied one criminal history point for his prior state conviction for possession of a small amount of marijuana. We disagree and for the reasons that follow, will affirm the judgment of sentence.
I.
Buckner was sentenced under the previously mandatory regime of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. However, the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), worked a sea change in federal sentencing. Under Booker, mandatory enhancement of a maximum sentence under the sentencing guidelines based on facts neither admitted by the defendant nor found by a jury, violates the Sixth Amendment. Thus, after Booker, the sentencing guidelines are "effectively advisory." Id. at 757. Accordingly, district courts will now consider the applicable advisory guidelines in addition to the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
Although Booker was decided after Buckner was sentenced, Booker is applicable to all cases on direct review. 125 S.Ct. at 769. Therefore, in accordance with the practice we established in United States v. Davis, 407 F.3d 162 (3d Cir.2005), Buckner and his counsel were directed to state whether they wished to challenge Buckner's sentence under Booker. Buckner has decided that he does not challenge his sentence pursuant to Booker. Accordingly, we will decide his appeal on the merits. See Davis, at 166.
II.
Buckner makes two arguments in his appeal. First, he contends that the state conviction for a small amount of marijuana is classified as a Class C misdemeanor under federal law and, therefore, pursuant to § 1B1.9 of the guidelines, that conviction should not have been included in the calculation of his criminal history category. We disagree. Section 1B1.9 applies to a situation where the defendant is charged with a Class B or C misdemeanor. It has nothing to do with the calculation of a defendant's criminal history category. Rather, § 4A1.2(c)(l) provides that all misdemeanor and petty offenses are counted for criminal history purposes, except for certain enumerated offenses that are not factored into the calculation. Possession of marijuana is not listed as one of those enumerated offenses that limits the counting.
Buckner's second argument is that because he was fined for the state marijuana conviction and not sentenced to prison, that conviction cannot be included in the criminal history calculation. We again disagree. The Supreme Court has held that an uncounseled misdemeanor offense that carries with it no sentence of imprisonment is properly counted in the calculation of a defendant's criminal history category, and Buckner's argument to the contrary is therefore without merit. Nichols v. United States, 511 U.S. 738, 746-49, 114 S.Ct. 1921, 128 L.Ed.2d 745 (1994).
III.
For the above reasons, we will affirm the judgment of sentence.
. Because we write only for the parties, we recite only the facts and procedural history necessary to our brief discussion of this appeal.
. Section IB 1.9 of the guidelines provides:
The sentencing guidelines do not apply to any count of conviction that is a Class B or C misdemeanor or an infraction.
Buckner argues that under Pennsylvania law, the crime of possession of a small amount of marijuana is punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of 30 days, or a fine of up to $500, or both. 35 Pa. Cons.Stat. Ann. § 780-113(a)(31), (g). Therefore, because the guidelines provide that a "Class C misdemeanor is any offense for which the maximum authorized term of imprisonment is more than five days but not more than thirty days," U.S.S.G. IB 1.9 cmt. n. 1, Buckner contends that the state marijuana conviction cannot be included in the calculation of his criminal history category.