Case Name: ALVARADO v. STATE
Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1934-11-21
Citations: 77 S.W.2d 534
Docket Number: No. 17019
Parties: ALVARADO v. STATE.
Judges: HAWKINS, J., absent.
Reporter: South Western Reporter Second Series
Volume: 77
Pages: 534–536

Head Matter:
ALVARADO v. STATE.
No. 17019.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
Nov. 21, 1934.
Rehearing Denied Jan. 9, 1935.
H. D. Barrow and R. R. Smith, both of Jourdantofi, for appellant.
Lloyd W. Davidson, State’s Atty., of Austin, for the State.

Opinion:
KRUEGER, Judge.
The appellant was tried and convicted of the offense of an assault with intent to murder, and his punishment assessed at confinement in the state penitentiary for a term of two years.
It appears from the record in this case that the appellant was in charge of and lived on Dillard Barrow's farm which was located on the south side of Atascosa creek and which was its northern boundary. The alleged assaulted party, Ivy Wilburn, lived on his father's farm which was located on the north side of said creek and which was its southern boundary. Between the two farms there was a water hole in the creek where both parties watered their live stock. Some ill feeling arose between Ivy Wilburn, the alleged assaulted party, and appellant as a result of Wilburn's horses getting in appellant's field and appellant penning said horses and holding them until Wilburn came for them. On the first day of September, 1933, the appellant, on horseback, drove his stock to the creek for water where he met the said Ivy Wilburn who had also driven his stock to said place to water. The assaulted party testified that, as he was walking along the north bank of said creek, the appellant said to him, "That's where I want to get you," and began shooting at him with a 45-caliber pistol. The appellant testified that when he reached the creek he got off of his horse to let it drink, and, as he started to mount his horse Wilburn, shot at him with a 22 rifle and then ran, whereupon he (the appellant) turned and fired three shots at Wilburn as he was running away. Wilburn denied having any gun and denied doing any shooting at the appellant. The appellant proved threats that were made by Wilburn against him and which had been communicated to him. He also testified that, at the time he shot at Wilburn, he feared that Wilburn was running to take shelter behind some tree from where he would renew his attack upon him, and, so believing, be fired to protect bimself against tbe unlawful and deadly assault of tbe said Wilburn. Tbe appellant proved by a number of witnesses that Ivy Wilburn's reputation for truth and veracity was bad.
Tbe appellant's first contention is that the indictment is insufficient in that it is indefinite and uncertain and fails to charge any offense against the laws of tbe state. We have examined tbe indictment and find it charges tbe offense in the same language as the indictment in the case of Smith v. State, 31 Tex. Cr. R. 33, 19 S. W. 546, which was upheld by this court. See, also, Jackson v. State, 48 Tex. Cr. R. 648, 90 S. W. 34.
The appellant in due time filed written objections to the court's charge, and specifically to paragraph 17 thereof on the ground that the charge on self-defense assumed that the appellant voluntarily assaulted said Ivy Wilburn in the way and manner alleged in the first count of the indictment. The court's charge reads as follows: "Now, bearing in mind the foregoing instructions, if you believe from the evidence that the defendant voluntarily assaulted the said Ivy Wilburn, in the way and manner alleged in the first count in the indictment, but you further believé from the evidence that at the time of such assault, if any, the said Ivy Wilburn, had made, was making, or was about to make an attack upon the defendant, which from the manner and character of it, and viewed from the standpoint of the defendant, caused the defendant to fire the shots at the said Ivy Wilburn, 'and caused the defendant to have a reasonable expectation of death or serious bodily injury, and that under such reasonable expectation or fear of death or serious bodily injury, said defendant assaulted the said Wilburn, if he did, then you are instructed .that such assault would be justified, and if you so believe or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will acquit the defendant, and say by your verdict not guilty."
The court further charged: "If from the evidence you believe the defendant assaulted the said Ivy Wilburn, but if you further believe from the evidence, or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, that at the time of so doing the said Ivy Wilburn had'made an attack on him which from the manner and character of it caused him to have a reasonable exiDectation or fear of death or serious bodily injury and that acting under such reasonable expectation or fear defendant attacked the .said Ivy Wilburn, then you shall acquit him."
The court, in addition, charged on the law of threats and on aggravated assault. The appellant objected to the paragraph of the charge hereinabove first set forth because the charge implied that appellant made an unlawful assault upon Ivy Wilburn when he fired three shots at him, although he may have acted in his own self-defense against an attack upon him by Ivy Wilburn. While we do not approve of the charge in the language as given, yet,/in determining the correctness of any particular paragraph thereof or its prejudicial nature, the charge fiiust be construed in its entirety and as a whole. Taking the charge as a whole, we do not think that' the inaccurate manner in which it was framed could, under the testimony, have affected the appellant's rights. Hence, under article 666, O. O. P., we would not be authorized in - reversing the case. See Davis v. State, 122 Tex. Cr. R. 516, 56 S.W.(2d) 449; Gunn v. State, 95 Tex. Cr. R. 276, 252 S. W. 172.
The failure of the court to charge that the appellant, being. on his own premises, had a right to arm himself, was not error, inasmuch as the court in his charge placed no limitation upon the appellant's right of self-defense. See Branch's Penal Code,' § 1951.
By bill of exception No. 1 the appellant complains of the action of the trial court in permitting the sheriff to give the following testimony: "Some five, six, or seven days afterwards I made an investigation and saw trees growing along the bank there. In a small willow I found where it looked like a bullet had went into it something like shoulder high from the ground. It showed to be a fresh bullet sign." He further testified that he did not know that that was the battle ground. The appellant objected to this testimony because it clearly appeared that the witness had no personal knowledge of the scene, of the shooting.' It was admitted by appellant that he fired three shots at the alleged assaulted party at the water hole at Atascosa creek between the land occupied by Ivy Wilburn and that occupied by the appellant. Therefore the place where the shooting occurred was definitely fixed, although the sheriff may not have had personal knowledge of the exact place where the shooting did occur. The objection went to the weight of the testimony rather than to its admissibility.
Bill of exception No. 2 relates to the same subject-matter and is overruled for the same reason as bill of exception No. 1.
Finding no reversible error in the record, the judgment of the trial court is-affirmed.
PER CURIAM.
The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the court.