Case Name: Himely against Wyatt and Richardson
Court: South Carolina Court of Common Pleas
Jurisdiction: South Carolina
Decision Date: 1790-06-21
Citations: 1 Bay 102
Docket Number: 
Parties: Himely against Wyatt and Richardson.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Carolina Law Reports
Volume: 1
Pages: 102–104

Head Matter:
Himely against Wyatt and Richardson.
June, 21, 1790.
Goods of a •;o ‘ aS veiulue purposeofbe-mg sold at public ven- «<*<•> arc ^ not tor lent.
THIS was an action of replevin, which came on upon a demurrer. The facts set forth in the pleadings, were, that Jac°b Cohen was a licensed vendue-master, and had rented a store of the defendants, which he used as a vendue store. The plaintiff had sent to Cohen a quantity of goods, wares and merchandise. Before the sale, Cohen was taken on a capias ad satisfaciendum, and arranged his affairs for taking the benefit of the act for insolvent debtors. The defend- , . 11 ants, his landlords, distrained for rent m arrear, on all goods in the store, and amongst the rest, were those of the plaintiff’s, and insisting they were liable, refused to give them up. The plaintiff replevied in form, and the question was, whether these goods sent to a vendue store for the purpose of selling at public vendue, were, or were not, legally protected from distress.
Ford, for the plaintiff,
said, that the goods are the implements of the tenant’s trade, the medium of his support; that about which his common occupation is constantly concerned. That the goods were in a vendue store, a common market, a public place, known and established in law. That public utility and convenience to the community require they should be protected, and vendues encouraged.
Taylor replied,
and insisted upon the common law right given to landlords, to distrain whatever could be found upon the tenant’s premises, without regard to the claims of third persons. That though there were exceptions, there, was not any which exempted goods in a vendue store, reported here or in England.

Opinion:
Waties, J.
This is a new case, but I feel no difficulty in forming an opinion on it. There is no precedent which says the goods of a stranger are not distrainable for rent, but the exemption is reasonable on general principles. The law of distress would be greatly perverted, if it were made to operate on goods circumstanced as these. The reason why a stranger's goods are subject to distress, is, because infinite frauds would be otherwise practised on a landlord ; and his summary remedy in this case, might at any time be defeated, by a collusion between his tenant and a stranger. All goods, therefore, found upon the premises, belonging to strangers or tenants, are generally distrainable. They are presumed to be the property of the tenant, because in his possession. There is no instance in which possession is regarded, so much as the evidence of . property as in. this, to preserve the right of the landlord Rom fraud and imposition. This appears to be the sole object of the law, and, therefore, admits of exceptions, when this mischief does not occur. For where the possession of the goods by the tenant holds out no fallacious security to the landlord, but are known to belong to a stranger, in that case they are privileged from distress % as in the case of a horse at an inn, or in a smith's shop to - be shod; cloth at a taylor's, and sacks of corn in a market or mill, &c. These are privileged and protected for the benefit of trade, but in my mind, it is as good a reason, that the property (notwithstanding the immediate possession is in the tenant) is known by the.landlord not to belong to the tenant, but to his customers. No presumption of property can arise from the possession ; and, therefore, the landlord is not deprived of any security, he might have trusted to in them, for the payment of the rent. lyith respect to the present case, all the different reasons for an exemption, apply with great force. The defendants when they leased their house to the vendue master, could never have had in contemplation, any remedy they might have against the goods of various persons which might be lodged with him for sale. They must have known that these were not his property, and must have relied on other resources for the recovery of their rent. Considering then, the well known use of vendue stores, as the depositories ' of the goods of strangers only, and which are placed there as it were, by the authority of law, and considering also, the public convenience and utility of them, there appear to me the strongest grounds for extending to them the protection of the law.
Judgment for the plaintiff.