Case Name: In the Matter of the Estate of George A. Hardin, Deceased. Jane M. Cook, Appellant; Annette A. Hardin, as Administratrix, etc., of George A. Hardin, Deceased, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1904-10
Citations: 97 A.D. 493
Docket Number: 
Parties: In the Matter of the Estate of George A. Hardin, Deceased. Jane M. Cook, Appellant; Annette A. Hardin, as Administratrix, etc., of George A. Hardin, Deceased, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 97
Pages: 493–496

Head Matter:
In the Matter of the Estate of George A. Hardin, Deceased. Jane M. Cook, Appellant; Annette A. Hardin, as Administratrix, etc., of George A. Hardin, Deceased, Respondent.
Distribution of an intestate's estate — the widow takes all in the absence of any descendant, parent, brother or sister, nephew or niece — section 2732 of the Code of Civil Procedure, as amended by chapter 319 of the Laws of 1898, construed.
Where an intestate dies, leaving surviving him a widow and no descendant, parent, brother or sister, nephew or niece, the widow, under the provisions of subdivision 3 of section 2732 of the Code of Civil Procedure, takes the entire personalty.
Subdivision 12 of that section, as amended by chapter 319 of the Laws of 1898, which provides, “Representation shall be admitted among collaterals in the same manner as allowed by law in reference to real estate,” does not apply to such a case; hence, if the deceased, in addition to the widow, left an aunt, the latter is not entitled to any share of the personalty.
Subdivision 12 of section 2732 of the Code of Civil Procedure is to be construed in connection with subdivisions 5 and 10 of that section, and the rule of representation prescribed by subdivision 12 is not effective where the next of kin are of the same degree of relationship.
The section as amended makes changes among collaterals. It does not affect distribution as between a collateral and a distributee in the direct line.
A statutory provision long operative, and the express language of which remains unchanged, will not be modified by an amendment of another law relating to-the subject, unless the legislative intent to alter is unmistakable.
Appeal by the petitioner, Jane M. Cook, from a decree of the-Surrogate’s Court of the county of Herkimer, entered in said Surrogate’s Court on the 23d day of June, 1904, dismissing the petitioner’s application for an accounting by the respondent.
Subdivision 3 of section 2732 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides: “ If the deceased leaves a widow, and no descendant, parents, brother or sister, nephew or niece, the widow shall be entitled to the whole surplus * *
C. I). Adams and E. A. Brown, for the appellant.
Charles A. Miller, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Spring, J.:
The decedent died intestate April 16,1901, leaving him surviving a widow and no descendant, parent, brother or sister, nephew or niece. (See Code Civ. Proc. § 2732, subd. 3.)
The petitioner, his aunt, filed a petition in the Surrogate's Court and a citation was issued pursuant thereto requiring the administratrix, to whom letters of administration had been issued in May, 1901, to show cause why a judicial settlement of her account should not be rendered. Upon the return of the citation and at the instance of the administratrix the proceeding was dismissed on the ground that said petitioner was not entitled to share in the personal estate of said intestate.
If subdivision 3 of section 2732 of the Code of Civil Procedure is operative, the entire personal estate to be distributed belongs to-the widow. That has been the statute of this State uninterruptedly since the Revised Statutes became operative, and it was embodied in the section mentioned where the rules governing in the distribution of the estate of an intestate are grouped.
Prior to 1898, subdivision 12 of that section read: "No representation shall be admitted among collaterals after brothers' and sisters' children." By the Laws of 1898 (Chap. 319) the following was substituted for the provision theretofore existing: " Representation shall be admitted among collaterals in the same manner as allowed by law in reference to real estate."
The purpose of this substitution apparently was to put on a like basis the representation among collateral next of kin and heirs at law, as there had been lack of uniformity in the statute of distribution and that applying in the descent of real estate.
Subdivision 12 is to be construed in connection with subdivision 5 as said subdivision existed prior to the amendment made by chapter 367 of the Laws of 1903 (See Laws of 1893, chap. 686), which amendment is not applicable, as the decedent died in 1901, and also in connection with subdivision 10 of the same section, and the rule of representation under subdivision 12 is not effective where the degree of relationship of the next of kin is of equal degree. (Matter of Dovenport 172 N. Y. 454, 458.)
That subdivision" certainly did not contemplate any change of the provisions which define the widow's share in the personal estate. Subdivision 3 is explicit in prescribing the extent of her interest where there is " no descendant, parents, brother or sister, nephew or niece." Subdivision 12 does not purport to lessen or alter her share. That subdivision and those immediately preceding pertain to the distribution among next of kin who are collaterals and who are related by consanguinity to the person from whom they take. The widow takes by virtue of her widowhood, and the extent of her interest in whatever aspect the estate of her husband may be presented as to his next of kin is prescribed by the various subdivisions of section 2732 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The Legislature did not intend to modify these provisions so long in vogue by changing the subdivisions relating exclusively to representation among collaterals. In order to obtain that result we must read into the definite language of subdivision 3 a later subdivision, and one which in no way by its express language lessens the share of the widow. If so great a change had been designed, subdivision 3 would have been amended and remodeled.
Again, the uniformity which was designed to be effected by the amendment to subdivision 12 only pertains to collaterals and is only applied where the right to take existed. It did not create a next of kin to the exclusion or diminution of what the widow was entitled to. Whatever changes are made by the amended subdivision are among collaterals, not affecting distribution as between a collateral and a distributee in the direct line or who does not come within the definition of a collateral.
A statutory provision long operative and the explicit language of which remains unchanged will not be modified by an|amendment of another law relating to a different subject, unless the legislative intent to alter is unmistakable, and as to the interest of the widow pursuant to these subdivisions such intent can hardly be conceived.
All concurred.
Decree of Surrogate's Court affirmed, with costs.