Case Name: Robert Newmann et al., Appellants, v. Mapama Corporation, Respondent
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1983-08-18
Citations: 96 A.D.2d 793
Docket Number: 
Parties: Robert Newmann et al., Appellants, v Mapama Corporation, Respondent.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 96
Pages: 793–796

Head Matter:
Robert Newmann et al., Appellants, v Mapama Corporation, Respondent.

Opinion:
— Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Bruce McM. Wright, J.), entered on December 28, 1982, denying plaintiff's motion for a preliminary injunction tolling the running of a five-day period to curé certain claimed violations of their lease or to diligently commence curing said violations and granting defendant's cross motion for an injunction enjoining plaintiffs from denying defendant access to the premises for the purpose, inter alia, of making inspections and repairs, appropriating public portions of the building, altering portions of the building, etc., is modified, on the law and the facts, to deny defendant's cross motion for a preliminary injunction and is otherwise affirmed, without costs. Plaintiffs-appellants are tenants of the rear sixth-floor loft at premises 545 Broadway (the premises) under a lease executed in March, 1976, between respondent landlord's predecessor and plaintiff-appellant's predecessor, which restricts the use of the premises to "artist's studio and for no other purpose". Appellants allege however, that since the inception of the lease, the premises have been used for residential purposes with the landlord's knowledge and consent. Indeed, in a recent prior holdover proceeding brought by the landlord, the Civil Court (Lester Evens, J.), on June 4,1982, determined that "there are at least three residential units in the building. These lofts were rented for residential use, in whole or in part with the consent and approval of the prior landlord." The court concluded that the premises were "de facto multiple dwelling[s]" and accordingly dismissed the landlord's petition. Shortly thereafter, on July 20, 1982, defendant served plaintiffs with a five-day notice to cure, purportedly pursuant to paragraph 17 of the lease, citing various alleged violations or defaults under the lease, to wit: (1) making illegal alterations without landlord's consent or governmental authorities' consent, in violation of paragraph 3 of the lease; (2) damage to public areas of the building, in violation of paragraph 4 of the lease, specifically the roof, stairways, common walls and doors; (3) illegal alterations and use of the premises and other areas not rented to the tenants in violation of paragraph 6 of the lease, in that they added structures, debris and other objects to the roof, and cut through structural joists, installed an illegal wood stove, and blocked stairway and roof egress and access; (4) illegally removed a refrigerator and other bulky equipment without landlord's consent into public areas, blocking egress and access in violation of paragraph 8 of the lease; (5) refused landlord access to the premises to inspect or make necessary alterations or both in violation of paragraph 13 of the lease; and (6) failed to surrender the premises at the end of the lease term, to wit, April 30,1981; (7) other related violations. Within the five-day notice to cure period, the plaintiffs commenced this declaratory judgment action, seeking a declaration of their rights and that they are not in violation of the lease as alleged in the notice to cure, inasmuch as the premises was leased for and are being used for residential purposes. Contemporaneously with service of the summons and complaint, plaintiffs, by order to show cause, sought a Yellowstone injunction (First Nat. Stores v Yellowstone Shopping Center, 21 NY2d 630) to toll the notice to cure, pending an adjudication of their rights. They alleged that they did not commit any of the lease violations claimed by the landlord and that since the premises was a "de facto multiple dwelling", landlord was actually seeking to compel them to discharge the landlord's obligation to bring the premises into code compliance. A temporary restraining order was contained in the order to show cause. Defendant opposed plaintiff's motion and cross-moved for a preliminary injunction, seeking relief that was the exact parallel of the alleged violations set forth in the notice to cure. Special Term correctly denied preliminary injunctive relief to plaintiff, but erred in granting injunctive relief to the defendant. The relief given defendant landlord substantially granted all the ultimate relief sought by defendant in its counterclaims for a permanent injunction. In view of the sharply disputed factual issues as to whether or not such changes, alterations and additions as tenants may have made were done with the consent, express or implied, of this landlord or its predecessor, and in the absence of any showing of imminent danger or irreparable harm, it was error to alter the status quo by the grant of the injunction. The fact that the notice to cure was served on the tenant so soon on the heels of the landlord's defeat in his holdover proceeding is not without significance. At the very least, it raises serious questions as to whether or not this was but another tactic employed by the landlord to clear the building, as claimed by the tenant. Additionally, the fact that Civil Court had recently determined that this building was a "de facto multiple dwelling", subject to the code compliance requirements imposed upon a landlord by the new "Loft Law" (Multiple Dwelling Law, art 7-C, § 280 et seq.) renders suspect the landlord's belated contentions of allegedly serious and hazardous alterations and additions made by the tenant. In any event, injunc tive relief to the landlord was inappropriate on this record. Nor was this tenant entitled to injunctive relief under the authority of First Nat. Stores v Yellowstone Shopping Center (21 NY2d 630 [the classic Yellowstone injunction]). The rationale upon which a court is authorized to issue such a Yellowstone injunction is that where a notice to cure an alleged violation of a substantial obligation of a lease has been served and the period within which the cure is to be effected is not tolled, the lease expires and the court, thereafter, is powerless to revive or extend that lease, even if it is later determined that there was no violation of the lease. (First Nat. Stores v Yellowstone Shopping Center, supra.) Thus it is said that the Yellowstone injunction is intended to preserve the status quo under the lease until the parties' rights can be adjudicated and while the tenancy remains in effect without consideration of the merits of the parties' contention. (Wilen v Harridge House Assoc., 94 AD2d 123; see, also, Ameurasia Int. Corp. v Finch Realty Co., 90 AD2d 760; Physicians Planning Serv. Corp. v 292 Estates, 88 AD2d 852.) An essential prerequisite to the invocation of the court's power to issue a Yellowstone injunction however, is that there be a lease extant between the parties. Although the parties proceeded below and on this appeal as though there were an existing lease, the record shows that the lease under which the tenants occupy these premises was for a term of five years, commencing May 1, 1976 and expiring April 30, 1981. Indeed, one of the claims by the landlord in its notice to cure was that the tenant was in default of the lease by reason of having "failed to surrender the premises at the end of the lease term, specifically on April 30,1981." Moreover, the summary proceeding previously brought against this tenant was a "holdover" proceeding based upon the tenant's failure to surrender possession at the end of the lease term, April 30,1981. Of course, it may be that because these premises were initially rented as an "artist's studio", they are subject to and the tenants are entitled to the benefits of the provisions of article 7-B of the Multiple Dwelling Law. In addition to conferring other benefits and protections upon "Loft Law" tenants, section 275 thereof as amended by chapter 889 (§ 6, subd b) of the Laws of 1980, entitled the tenant "at the expiration of his lease or other rental agreement, written or unwritten to a lease for a term of not less than one year.". However that amendment which by its terms was to apply to "any lease or rental agreement expiring after June eleventh, nineteen hundred eighty" (L 1980, ch 889, § 9), ceased to have any "force or effect and terminated] on the thirtieth day of June, nineteen hundred eighty-one". (L 1980, ch 889, § 8.) Thus, even if the tenant's lease was extended by statute for one year beyond its April 30, 1981 expiration so as to expire on April 30, 1982, it clearly had expired and was at an end when the notice to cure was served on or about July 20,1982. Thus there was no existing lease to be preserved and no proper basis for the issuance of a Yellowstone injunction. Nor would RPAPL 753 (subd 4) be applicable since that section also contemplates an existing lease. Finally, it would appear that because this building is a "de facto" or "interim multiple dwelling" it is subject to the provisions of article 7-C of the Multiple Dwelling Law, and thus subject to the jurisdiction of the loft board established by section 282 of the Multiple Dwelling Law, and the tenant's continued occupancy of the premises is protected by section 286 of that law. Concur — Kupferman, J. P., Sullivan, Ross and Alexander, JJ.