Case Name: Donald Grant, Respondent, v. The City of New York, Appellant
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1906-02-09
Citations: 111 A.D. 160
Docket Number: 
Parties: Donald Grant, Respondent, v. The City of New York, Appellant.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 111
Pages: 160–164

Head Matter:
Donald Grant, Respondent, v. The City of New York, Appellant.
First Department,
February 9, 1906.
Municipal corporations---not liable for salary of de jure officer while place filled by another — unnecessary for defendant to show which particular de factó app'ointeé filled plaintiff’s place after his dismissal.
■ A police Officer who has been reinstated by the court after a dismissal from the Police force cannot recover from the municipality the amount of his salary dur.ing.the period of dismissal when the quota of police officers was full and the city has paid the salary to another de facto incumbent of the office; this on the policy that the city.shall not pay twice for the same service.
The fact that the city cannot point out which of three persons appointed to fill-vacancies after the plaintiff’s dismissal was actually appointed in the plaintiff’s place furnishes no ground for liability.,.; '
Ho'dghtoN, J., dissented.
Appeal by the defendant, The City of Hew York, from a judgment of the Supreme Court, in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of, HeW York on the 18,th day of September, .1905, upon, the decision of the court rendered; after a trial at the Hew York Trial Term, a jury having been waived.
Theodore Connoly, for the appellant.
William M. K. Olcott, for the respondent.

Opinion:
Ingraham, J.:
The plaintiff was appointed an inspector of police of the city of. Hew York on the 14-tli -"day of "February, 1898, the salary- attached to that position being $3,500 per.year. He continued to act as such inspector and received the salary therefor until the 4th day of FeR ruary, 1903, when, after a trial before the commissioner of police, he was dismissed from the force. At that time the • charter (Laws of 1901, chap. 466, § 276, as amd. by Laws of 1901, chap. 730; Id. § 283) allowed the appointment of fifteen inspectors of police, and from xhe time that the plaintiff ivas removed down to the 23d day of June, 1903, there was at all times at least one vacancy in the position of inspector. • On the 23d day of June, 1903, assuming that plaintiff and Cross had been dismissed, there existed .three vacancies, and on that day three* inspectors were appointed, thus making the full, number of inspectors allowed, by law. That continued down to the22d day of April,'1904, when the plaintiff was reinstated by this court as ah inspector of police (People ex rel. Grant v. Greene, 93 App. Div. 608). Subsequently Cross was also reinstated (People ex rel. Cross v. Greene, 98 id. 620). After the plaintiff and Gross were reinstated it was determined by tlie court at Special Term that the appointment of two of the three inspectors on the 23d day of June, 1903, was illegal. (People ex rel. Albertson v. McAdoo, 46 Misc. Rep. 517.) After the plaintiff was reinstated the city paid him his salary whilé there was a vacancy in the office of inspector, but declined to pay him for the period during which there were actually fifteen inspectors performing ,the duties of that office and receiving the salary allowed therefor, and it is to recover the salary for this period that this action is brought. The court found that between the time that the plaintiff was dismissed and reinstated to the. office of inspector he performed no services as an inspector of police, and that the inspector duly appointed in his place actually performed the duties and received the compensation therefor. The court allowed a recovery upon the ground that the city was unable clearly to establish which of the three inspectors appointed on the 23d day of June, 1903) was appointed in the place of the plaintiff. At the time of the appointment of these three inspectors the situation was as follows : There was one vacancy caused by the retirement of an inspector; there was one vacancy caused by the dismissal of the plaintiff and'one caused by the dismissal of Inspector Cross. And-it was to fill these three vacancies that the three inspectors were appointed on the 23d day of June, 1903. The three appointed to fill these vacancies were lyiegand, who was a veteran, and, under the provisions of sec tion 9 of article 5 of the Constitution and section 20 of the Civil Service Law (Laws of 1899, chap. 370, as amd. by Laws of 1902, chap. 270), was entitled to a preference in appointment. Thus it is quite clear that he was entitled to the legal vacancy caused- by the retirement of Inspector Clayton. Of the two other appointments, Baldwin and Albertson,- it ,would seem that Baldwin was the first to. qualify, and it is claimed by the "defendant- that he thereby took the position of the plaintiff, who had been dismissed prior to the dismissal of Inspector Cross. However, it is quite clear that Baldwin and Albertson 'took the places of the plaintiff and Cross. The court found that the- defendant had failed to establish to which of the two officers who were appointed on June 23, 1903; the salary sought to be recovered in this action was paid ; that to maintain this defense it was incumbent upon the defendant here to establish affirmatively who the defacto officer was — who the usurper was -— and the particular de facto 'officer to whom was paid the salary which the plaintiff seeks to.recover, and as defendant had failed in this respect awarded the plaintiff judgment.
It was said by Judge Vann in Martin v. City of New York (176 N. Y. 371): " It is well settled in "this State that £ payment to a de facto public officer of the salary of the office, made while he is in possession, is a good defense to an action brought by the dejnre officer to recover the same salary after he'has acquired or regained possession,' and -that the remedy of the latter is by action against the former. (Dolan v. Mayor, etc., of N. Y., 68 N. Y. 274, 280, 281; McVeany v. Mayor, etc., of N. Y. 80 N. Y. 185; Terhune v. Mayor, etc., of N. Y., 88 N. Y. 247; Demarest v. Mayor, etc., of N. Y., 147 N. Y. 208.) These decisions rest upon the principle that the public cannot-be compelled to pay twice for the same services, and that the officer charged with the duty of paying salaries is not required to go behind the commission or the, certificate of election and; at his peril, decide difficult questions of fact or law, but may make payment to the person who occupies the office and performs its duties." The reason of the rule is not that the officer can recover his salary from the defacto officer, but because the city when it has once paid for the services to an officer who was appointed by.the appointing power ' and .properly certified as regularly appointed and entitled to the salary, cannot be required to pay. for the same services to an officer who did not perform them. The city of New York was required by law to pay for fifteen inspectors of police a salary of $3,500 per year each. (Charter, § 276, as amd. supra; Id. § 299.) The appointment of these inspectors was vested by law in the police commissioner. (Id. § 283.) Their salaries were required to be paid by the chamberlain on warrants drawn .by the comptroller and countersigned by the mayor. (Id. § 149, 195, 151, subd. 5.) Fifteen inspectors of police were in office performing the duties of their office, appointed by the appointing officer and certified to by the civil service commissioners as the proper persons to whom the city should pay for the services rendered. Under, the provisions of section 19 of the Civil Service Law, the comptroller was forbidden " to draw, sign or issue, or authorize the drawing, signing or issuing of any warrant on the " chamberlain " for the payment of " and the chamberlain was forbidden " to pay any salary or compensation to any officer, clerk or other person in the classified service of such city unless an estimate, payroll or account for such salary or compensation, containing the names of the persons to be paid, shall bear the certificate of the municipal civil service commission of such city, that the persons named in such estimate, payroll or account have been appointed or employed or promoted in pursuance of law and of the rules made in pursuance of law." As the principié is established that the city should not be'again compelled to pay for the services that had been paid for to the one who actually performed them, in place of the de jure officer who was entitled to perform them, it seems to me that the payment to the officer whose appointment was valid on its face and who performed the services was a bar to the maintenance of an action by the officer who performed no services, but who was subsequently adjudged entitled to the office. The fact that the plaintiff cannot make up his mind as to which of "the inspectors appointed on the 23d day of June, 1903,-was appointed in his place does not prevent the city from proving " that the salary was paid to the officer who was-appointed in the place of the plaintiff for the services that the plaintiff was required by law to perform if he had been so allowed. It certainly would not have been an answer to this defense to prove that the defacto officer who performed the services and received the salary was insolvent and unable to respond to a judgment .of the d&jure officer who seeks to recover the salary. If it appeared that plaintiff will be unable to recover any salary for this' period during which he performed no services as avpolice officer it would be no answer to the position taken •by the city that .it has actually paid for the services for which the plaintiff now seeks to recover. The comptroller, mayor and chamberlain acted as they had a right to act upon the payroll certified to by the municipal civil service commissioners that the three inspectors appointed on the 23d day of June, 1903, had been appointed in pursuance of law and of the rules made in pursuance of law, as provided for by section 19 of the Civil Service Law (Laws of 1899, chap. 370). And, having paid the salaries to the persons thus designated as having been duly appointed as provided by law, the city is not liable to any person because it subsequently appears that the -person who had not performed the services had been improperly removed, and the appointment of the de facto officer who had performed the services and received the salary was unauthorized.
It follows, therefore, that the judgment appealed from should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
O'Brien, P. J., Laughlin and Clarke, JJ., concurred; Houghton, J., dissented.
Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant-to abide event. , . '