Case Name: UNITED STATES of America v. Marc SYKES, Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2006-11-16
Citations: 206 F. App'x 186
Docket Number: No. 05-1929
Parties: UNITED STATES of America v. Marc SYKES, Appellant.
Judges: BEFORE: SLOVITER, GREENBERG, and COWEN, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 206
Pages: 186–189

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America v. Marc SYKES, Appellant.
No. 05-1929.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) Nov. 9, 2006.
Filed: Nov. 16, 2006.
George S. Leone, Office of United States Attorney, Newark, NJ, for United States of America.
Michael W. Kahn, Cherry Hill, NJ, for Appellant.
BEFORE: SLOVITER, GREENBERG, and COWEN, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
OPINION OF THE COURT
GREENBERG, Circuit Judge.
Appellant Marc Sykes appeals from the judgment of conviction and sentence entered on March 15, 2005, in this criminal case. A grand jury indicted Sykes for conspiracy to distribute more than 50 grams of crack cocaine and more than 500 grams of cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and 21 U.S.C. § 846. The probation office determined that Sykes' base offense level was 32, but that he was entitled to a 3-level reduction for acceptance of responsibility thus reducing his total offense level to 29. However, inasmuch as Sykes was a career offender as defined in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1 his total offense level ultimately was determined to be 34. That total offense level, when coupled with his criminal History Category of VI, resulted in an advisory range of 262 to 327 months of imprisonment.
Sykes objected to the calculation of the advisory range for two reasons. The reason on which he largely focuses his brief is that his guideline range was predicated on what he conceived was the unfairness in the differential between offense levels for crack and powder cocaine violations, a crack violation being treated more severe ly. See United, States v. Gunter, 462 F.3d 237 (3d Cir.2006). The other reason was that he objected to being categorized as a career offender, a very significant determination as it resulted in a 5-level increase in his total offense level. The court, however, overruled his objections. Nevertheless, the court in sentencing Sykes awarded him a 90-month reduction from the bottom of his sentencing level pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1 for his cooperation and imposed a custodial sentence of 172 months to be followed by a 5-year term of supervised release. In addition, the court fined Sykes $1000. Sykes appeals, contending that the court erred "when it refused to consider and to lower the sentence because of the crack cocaine [offense level] disparity" and the court erred when it "increased the base offense level pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1 when [a] jury did not make . [the] finding [with respect to his prior convictions] and [he] did not stipulate to the status of career offender." Appellant's br. at 1. The district court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231 and we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a).
We consider Sykes' objections in the reverse order from the way he stated them. First, as the parties agree, we exercise de novo review over the career offender issue. See United States v. Pojilenko, 416 F.3d 243, 246 (3d Cir.2005). Exercising such review, we reject Sykes' career offender contention for several reasons. As Sykes points out, the court found that he "had the two required prior convictions" for the career offender categorization. Appellant's br. at 22. Yet, rather than contending that he did not have these convictions, he indicates that he "did not stipulate to these convictions and a jury did not make these findings." Id. In fact, on the record it is clear that the findings were correct.
We also note that the court sentenced Sykes after the Supreme Court decided United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738,160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), and thus the court in this case correctly treated the guidelines as advisory. In the circumstances, the court was authorized to make the findings with respect to Sykes' convictions. See United States v. Cooper, 437 F.3d 324, 330 (3d Cir.2006). Next, even under Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), the case that was the foundation for the holdings in Booker which have lead to the treatment of the guidelines as advisory, the rule that "any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt," id. at 490, 120 S.Ct. at 2362-63, was subject to the exception that it did not apply to "the fact of a prior conviction," id. at 490, 120 S.Ct. at 2362. There is no doubt that the prior conviction exception remains good law binding in this court. See United States v. Hill, 411 F.3d 425, 426 n. 1 (3d Cir.2005). Moreover, Sykes does not even contend that his categorization as a career offender increased the penalty imposed for his conviction beyond the penalty that in the absence of the categorization otherwise would have been the maximum that could be imposed. Lastly, Sykes does not challenge the statement in his presentence report that the maximum sentence in this case is life imprisonment and in the district court he acknowledged as much. Inasmuch any of the points to which we refer, in itself, would require that we reject Sykes' career offender contention, certainly in concert, they have that effect.
Next we consider Sykes' crack cocaine argument. We take no position on Sykes' argument that he is entitled to relief on the basis of the perceived unfair distinction between crack and powder cocaine in the sentencing guidelines. Rather, we think that the district court should have the opportunity to consider that point in the first instance in light of our recent opinion in Gunter, 462 F.3d 237, decided more than one year after the court sentenced Sykes, and in light of the facts of this case.
For the foregoing reasons, although we agree with the district court's disposition of the career offender issue, we nevertheless will vacate the judgment of conviction and sentence entered March 15, 2005, and will remand the case to the district court for resentencing.