Case Name: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Kofie Akiem JONES, Defendant-Appellant
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2005-02-09
Citations: 122 F. App'x 27
Docket Number: No. 04-4401
Parties: UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff—Appellee, v. Kofie Akiem JONES, Defendant—Appellant.
Judges: Before WILKINSON, NIEMEYER, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 122
Pages: 27–28

Head Matter:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff—Appellee, v. Kofie Akiem JONES, Defendant—Appellant.
No. 04-4401.
United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Submitted Jan. 19, 2005.
Decided Feb. 9, 2005.
Brian A. Glasser, Leah P. Macia, Bailey & Glasser, L.L.P., Charleston, West Virginia, for Appellant.
Thomas E. Johnston, United States Attorney, Robert H. McWilliams, Jr., Michael D. Stein, Assistant United States Attorneys, Wheeling, West Virginia, for Appellee.
Before WILKINSON, NIEMEYER, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
PER CURIAM.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See Local Rule 36(c).
Kofie AMem Jones ("Jones") appeals the final judgment of the district court sentencing him to six concurrent life sentences. Following a jury trial, the district court concluded that Jones was a "Three Strikes" offender pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(1) (2000). This determination was made during Jones' sentencing hearing, in which the district court conducted a special inquiry and determined that Jones was convicted of at least two prior offenses that qualify as "serious violent felonies" under § 3559(c)(2)(F).
On appeal, Jones challenges the use of a 1996 conviction for a 1994 robbery as a "strike" under the statute. Jones argues that his 1994 robbery was a "non-qualifying felony" under § 3559(c)(1) because Jones and his accomplice (1) never brandished a weapon or (2) threatened to use a weapon.
Based on our thorough review of the record, we find that statements made by Jones and his accomplice to the victim, combined with the appearance of large, protruding objects under the robbers' pants, conveyed a threat that the victim might be assaulted with those objects. As a result, we find that Jones has failed to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that no "threat of use" of a firearm or dangerous weapon was involved in the 1994 robbery. See United States v. Kaluna, 192 F.3d 1188, 1193-94 (9th Cir.1999) (stating that if a defendant asserts that a prior offense is a "nonqualifying felony" under § 3559(c)(3)(A), the burden shifts to the defendant to prove this affirmative defense by clear and convincing evidence).
Accordingly, we affirm on the reasoning of the district court. See United States v. Jones, 319 F.Supp.2d 703 (N.D.W.Va. 2004). We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED.