Case Name: R. P. Grayson v. The State
Court: Supreme Court of Texas
Jurisdiction: Texas
Decision Date: 1873
Citations: 37 Tex. 228
Docket Number: 
Parties: R. P. Grayson v. The State.
Judges: 
Reporter: Texas Reports
Volume: 37
Pages: 228–229

Head Matter:
R. P. Grayson v. The State.
In an indictment for assault and battery, it is not sufficient to charge that the defendant did use unlawful violence upon the person of another. The gravamen of the offense is the injury and the intent to injure, and the fact that the law will presume the intent when the injury is proved, does not dispense with the necessity of alleging the intent in the indictment.
Appeal from Anderson. Tried below before the Hon. John G. Scott.
The opinion sufficiently states the facts.
Gammage & Hunter, for the appellant,
Wm. Alexander, Attorney-General, for the State.

Opinion:
Ogden, J.
It is not sufficient in an indictment for an assault and battery to charge that the defendant did use unlawful violence upon the person of another; but the indictment must also charge the intent to injure. The injury and the intent to injure constitute the gravamen of the action, and no conviction for an assault and battery can legally be maintained without an allegation in the indictment, of the injury and intent to injure; and the proof must support the allegation.
It is true that when an in jury is committed, the law will presume the intent, but that does not do away with the necessity of the allegation in the indictment, or the proof of such facts as would raise the presumption of the intent. An assault, as defined by the statute, is an attempt to commit a battery. The whole offense consists in the intent, without which there can be no assault. The intent to commit a battery should be definitely and distinctly alleged in an indictment for an assault, and where this material allegation is wanting, the indictment should be held bad upon exceptions.
Upon this ground we held in Hill v. The State, 34 Texas, 625, that a similar indictment was " insufficient, because it did " not charge an assault as defined by the statute." We are of the opinion that the indictment in this case, for the reasons given, is insufficient to support a judgment of conviction. The judgment of the District Court is therefore reversed, and the case dismissed.
Reversed and dismissed.