Case Name: James E. York, Appellant, v. John E. Searles and Others, Respondents
Court: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1904-10
Citations: 97 A.D. 331
Docket Number: 
Parties: James E. York, Appellant, v. John E. Searles and Others, Respondents.
Judges: 
Reporter: Appellate Division Reports
Volume: 97
Pages: 331–337

Head Matter:
James E. York, Appellant, v. John E. Searles and Others, Respondents.
Contract in reference to the purchase of corpoi'ate stock—when relief in equity will he ■ denied because the plaintiff lias not clean hands — what effects a transfer of pledged, stock.
James E. York, Rudolph T. McCabe and Clarence D. Simpson were the owners of all the capital stock of the York Structural Steel Company and of the Iron-ton Structural Steel Company. Simpson and McCabe were also the owners of substantially all the capital stock of the American Universal Mill Company. The Ironton Company being insolvent, McCabe entered into a contract with York by which the latter was to receive a commission- of §25,000 if he succeeded in inducing- John E. Searles to purchase the Ironton Company’s plant at a figure sufficient to liquidate the company’s indebtedness.
York, who claimed to be an expert in the steel business, undertook to secure options for Searles on certain other plants, and induced him to purchase the Ironton Company’s plant at the price agreed upon with McCabe. York did not inform Searles of his secret contract with McCabe nor did Searles know thereof, nor was Searles informed as to the details of the manufacture of steel; he relied upon the representations of York as to the value and desirability of plants • to be purchased.
The contract for the purchase by Searles of the Ironton’s Company’s plant involved the transfer of certain stocks of the American Universal Mill Company and of the York Structural Steel Company. Searles gave notes to Simpson and McCabe for their interests in the Ironton Company’s plant, and as collateral to such notes he pledged the stock of the American Universal Mill Company which he received from Simpson and McCabe in fulfillment of the Ironton contract, and deposited, the same with a trust company under an agreement that the same should be held until the notes were paid and that in case of default in the payment of the notes the same might be sold for the benefit of the holder thereof. September 1, 1899, Searles, being still without knowledge of York’s secret contract with McCabe, entered into a contract with York, by which, in consideration of the services rendered by York to him, he agreed to “assign, transfer and deliver unto me, or cause to be assigned, transferred and delivered unto me, upon its acquisition by you or for you, one-half of all of the preferred - stock, and one-half of all' of the common stock of the American Universal Mill Company, and of the York Structural Steel Company, assigned or transferred, or to be assigned or transferred to you under a contract therefor made by you with Rudolph T. McCabe and Clarence D. Simpson, and bearing date August 3rd, 1899, when the obligations assumed by you regarding the Luxembourg contract have been met and you are recouped for one-half the amount.”
The contract of August third mentioned in the quotation was the contract for the purchase of the Ironton Company’s plant. Searles failed to pay these notes, and York, insisting that the contract of September 1, 1899, operated as an equitable assignment to Mm of the stock in the hands of the trust company,, brought an action to secure the specific performance of said contract.
Skid, that the plaintiff was not entitled to the relief asked, for the reason, if for no other, that he had not acted in good faith in respect to the matter out of which his alleged cause of action arose, and, consequently, had forfeited his right to relief in equity under the maxim that “ He who comes into a court of equity must come with clean hands;”
That until Searles paid the notes given to Simpson and McCabe and thus became the real owner of the stock deposited with the trust company, York had no rights in such stock which were superior to those of Simpson and McCabe.
Appeal by the plaintiff, James E. York, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 2d day of July, 1903, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the Kings County Special Term, dismissing' the plaintiff’s complaint upon; the merits.
'Abel E. Blachmar, for the appellant.
George W. Behurman and Richard E. Dwight, for the respondents Searles and Beattys.
Edward J. Patterson, for the respondents Simpson and McCabe.

Opinion:
Woodward, J.
The judgment in this case, which extends no further than to determine that the plaintiff is not entitled upon the facts proven to equitable relief, should be affirmed, if for no other reason than that the plaintiff does not come into court clean-handed in reference to the particular transaction in which he seeks aid. (1 Pom. Eq. Juris. '§§ 398-400.) The transactions between the plaintiff and the several defendants are various and complex, being closely inter-related, but a careful study of the case convinces us that it presents no facts warranting this court in interfering with the judgment entered.
On the 11th day of February, 1898, York, the plaintiff,' was the owner of about $600,000, par value, of the stock of the York Structural Steel Company, the defendants Simpson and McCabe owning the balance of $400,000 of the stock of the company, which was capitalized at $1,000,000'. On the date mentioned York sold $300,000 of this stock to the defendant Searles for $50,000, $25,000 of which was paid in the manner agreed upon and the remainder was to be paid out of the " first moneys realized from any sale or negotiation of the York Company's patents," these patents being the property of the York Company. It is not disputed that no moneys "have been realized from these patents up to the time of the trial of this action, so that this transaction, aside from showing the general relations of the parties, has little bearing upon the case before us.
At the same time the American Universal Mill Company, having a capital stock of $1,000,000 preferred and $4,000,000 common, substantially all owned by the defendants Simpson and McCabe, held other patents on the same general subject as the York patents. Questions of infringement arose, and the two companies had been engaged in negotiations looking to an adjustment of the matter by a consolidation of the two companies and an equitable distribution of the stock of the American Company to the owners of the York Company, the latter going out of business.
There was also the Ironton Structural Steel Company, owned substantially by York, Simpson and McCabe. This corporation had a plant in Minnesota for the manufacture of steel, and owned a license to use the York patents in seven of the Western States. Of the $350,000 of the preferred stock of this corporation York owned $55,000, and of the common he was the owner o.f $99,000 out of a possible $600,000, Simpson and McCabe owning the remainder and having control of the corporation. York, as a minority stockholder, had brought an action to have an issue of bonds to the amount of $350,000 declared void, and he was also plaintiff in an action for wages alleged to be due him for services to the corporation. It is practically conceded that the Ironton Company was insolvent; that it owed debts to the amount of $350,000, Simpson and McCabe being the principal creditors. With matters in this situation McCabe entered 'into a contract with York, under which the latter was to receive a commission of $25,000 provided he should be able to induce the defendant Searles to purchase the Ironton Company's plant at a figure which would take care of the company's indebtedness. Without disclosing this relationship with McCabe, and representing himself to Searles as an expert in the steel business, the plaintiff entered into negotiations with Searles and was commissioned by the latter to secure options on the Iron- ton Company's plant, the plants of the West Superior Steel Company and the Duluth Manufacturing Company, the object being to consolidate the three manufacturing companies and to float the securities. There was a general understanding, afterwards superseded ¡by a written contract, that York should secure options or contracts to purchase these three companies, and should aid the project as an expert, engineer; that Searles should finance and float the consolidated corporation, and that the promotion profits should be equally divided between them. York secured the options oh the West Superior and Duluth ¡fiants, and succeeded in selling to Searles the Ironton Company's plant upon the terms named by McCabe in' the secret contract, and thus became entitled to his commission of $25,000, a portion of which, he has realized by the sale of his claim against McCabe to Simpson for $12,500. It thus appears that while York was acting in behalf'of the defendant Searles in securing options upon these plants, and representing to the latter that the options thus secured were the best that could be obtained, and were desirable, he was secretly under contract with McCabe to sell the Ironton Company's plant at an agreed price, and one which should take care of the full indebtedness of that company, for which the plaintiff was in part obligated. Searles knew that York was the owner of a portion of the stock of the Ironton Company, but he did not know that York was interested in earning a commission of $25,000 on the sale of the Ironton Com- ' pany's plant to him, and the plaintiff having failed in his duty to Searles (toward whom he was under obligations to- act with the utmost good faith), in respect to tlie very matter out of which the contract which he seeks to have enforced arose, he has forfeited the right to come into a court of equity for relief. " He who comes into a court of equity must come with clean hands." The doctrine is "that tlie party asking the aid of the court must stand in conscientious relations towards his adversary; that the transaction from which his claim arises must be fair and just, and that the relief itself must not be harsh and oppressive upon the defendant. By virtue of this principle, a specific performance will always be refused when the plaintiff has obtained the agreement by sharp and unscrupulous practices, by overreaching, by concealment of important facts, even though not actually fraudulent, by trickery, by tak-,
ing undue advantage of Ms position, or by any other means which are unconscientious; " etc. (1 Pom. Eq. Juris. § 400.) The plaintiff admits that Searles was not informed as to the details of steel manufacture; Searles testifies that he relied upon the representations of York in reference to the values and the desirability of the plants to be purchased, and the evidence is conclusive that the plaintiff induced Searles to purchase the Ironton Company's plant at the figure named by McCabe, so that the whole transaction is touched by the vice of this conduct on the part of the plaintiff in dealing with Searles in a confidential relation while in the employ of McCabe, whosé interests were antagonistic. These facts were not known to Searles when he - entered into the contract of September 1, 1899, under the terms of which he agreed to " assign, transfer and deliver unco me, or cause to be assigned, transferred and delivered unto me, upon its acquisition by you or for you, one-half of all of the preferred stock, and one-half of all of the common stock of the American Universal Mill Company, and of the York Structural Steel Company, assigned or transferred, or to be assigned of transferred to yon under a contract therefor made by you with Rudolph T. McCabe and Clarence D. Simpson, and bearing date August 3rd, 1899, when the obligations assumed by you regarding the Luxembourg contract have been met and you are recouped for one-half the amount." The contract of- August third, referred to above, was the contract of purchase of the Ironton Company's plant, which involved the transfer of certain stocks of the American Universal Mill Company and of the York Structural Steel Company, and it is this contract of September 1,1899, which the plaintiff asks to have specifically performed.
After making the contract of August third, certain parties who had been promising aid to Searles in carrying out his consolidation plans refused, by reason of a collapse in the steel securities market, to perform their part, and although Searles made continued efforts, he was unable to meet his obligations, and he was obliged to get an. extension of time in which to make the agreed payments to Simpson and McCabe for their interests in the Ironton Company's plant. He finally gave his notes for the amount due, and as collateral to such notes he pledged the stock of the mill company which he received from Simpson and McCabe under the Ironton contract and deposited the same with the Trust Company of Yew York, under an agreement that the same should be held until the notes were paid under the terms mentioned, or, in case of default, that the same might be sold for the benefit of the holder of the notes. The plaintiff, notwithstanding his conduct toward Searles, who has since been forced into bankruptcy, insists that this stock was equitably assigned to him by the terms of the contract of September 1,1899, and demands that this court shall decree that he be given this stock now held by the defendant trust company, and which is held as collateral to the purchase price of the stocks.
We are clearly of opinion that the plaintiff has failed to show facts entitling him to this relief; the services which he claims to . have rendered, and which form the basis of his claim to this stock, were not rendered with that fidelity'to duty which alone can warrant a court, of equity in granting a specific performance of a contract, and there is certainly no good reason why Simpson and McCabe, who owned the stock of the mill company, should be deprived of the security which they hold for the payment of Searles' obligation to them, that the plaintiff, who has had an important commission from McCabe for securing the sale of the Ironton plant involving the transfer of this stock, may be further reimbursed* We fully agree with the learned court at Special Term that Searles has never come into the possession of the stock mentioned in the contract of August third, as contemplated by that instrument, and by the contract of September first, which clearly involved the idea that the scheme of consolidation was to be carried out, and Searles having failed, after exerting all of his powers to carry the project into execution, there is no good reason for awarding specific performance in favor of one who has failed to act in a manner demanded by good faith in the transaction; It is probably true that when the notes for which this stock is pledged are paid the plaintiff will be entitled, under his contract, to the delivery of the portion of the stock agreed upon, but he has no higher equities than the people who originally owned the stock which now stands pledged for the payment of a portion of the purchase price of the same. Searles has never come into possession of this stock, except that he indorsed it over to the trust company simultaneously with the giving of the notes, and until he becomes the real owner of the same the plaintiff has no rights in it superior to those of Simpson and JVIcOabe, who had a right to determine the conditions on which they would transfer their property.
The judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.
All concurred.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.