Case Name: Edmund Kenedy and Wife v. John Cunningham and M. Childs
Court: South Carolina Court of Appeals
Jurisdiction: South Carolina
Decision Date: 1839
Citations: 1 Chev. 50
Docket Number: 
Parties: Edmund Kenedy and Wife v. John Cunningham and M. Childs.
Judges: 
Reporter: South Carolina Law Reports
Volume: 25
Pages: 50–52

Head Matter:
Edmund Kenedy and Wife v. John Cunningham and M. Childs.
The note of plaintiff, payable to one of two joint defendants, was not allowed to discount to an action on tbeir joint note.
“To an action by two persons, tbe defendant cannot set off a debt due to him from one of them, nor can one of several joint defendants set off a debt due to him alone from the plaintiff. ”
Before Earle, J., at Abbeville, Fall Term, 1839.
Sum. pro. on a joint note; to which the plaintiff’s note to one of the defendants, on a separate demand, was offered in discount and allowed.
The plaintiff moved the Court of Appeals to rescind so much of the circuit decree as admitted the discount.

Opinion:
Curia, per Butler, J.
The question here made is, can one, of two or more joint defendants, set off a separate demand due to him from the plaintiff. The authorities are very-clear that a single defendant cannot set off a demand due to himself from one of a number of joint plaintiffs. It has been expressly decided in this State that, where partners sue an individual, the demand of that individual against one of the partners cannot be set off. (Powrie v. Fletcher, 2 Bay R. 146; Lovel v. Whitridge, 1 McCord, 7.) This proceeds on the ground that the plaintiffs, as partners, had no contract with the defendant. One of the plaintiffs having made the contract, he must keep it according to its merits; for, if the plaintiffs could be defeated by such a demand, they would have to make their co-partner their debtor for the debt and costs which they were compelled to pay for him.
The defence set off did not exist at common law, but has been allowed by, and depends on, statutory provisions ; and, as a general rule, it may be laid down, that it cannot avail where there is wanting a mutuality of contract or dealing between the parties to -the record. Although the debt sought to be recovered, and that intended to be set off, need not be of the same nature or degree, to entitle a party to avail himself of this defence, yet it is necessary that they should be mutual and due in the same right. In the case of Fletcher v. Dyche, (2 Term R. 323-7,) Buffer, J., in noticing an exception by counsel, seems to take it for granted that, where plaintiffs sue on a joint demand, a defendant cannot set off a separate demand against one of them, because there was not a mutuality of contract. He says, " the plaintiff's counsel objected to the set off because there was no mutuality: — but that depends on the question, whether the debt is due from the plaintiff and another person, or from the plaintiff alone. If the former, the debt cannot be set off."
The same principles are equally applicable to joint defendants. If one joint defendant could set off a demand due from a single plaintiff, he could defeat the plaintiff's demand by a contract which the plaintiff had never made with the parties to the record. Success would enable the defendant, who pleaded the discount, to defeat one person by making others his creditors ; for he would have a right to look to his co-defendants for remuneration for paying their debt if they had been jointly liable with him. But, taking another view, suppose that the defendant, setting up the discount, makes an issue which results, by failure, in costs and expenses beyond those otherwise incident to the action. Who are to pay them? Not that defendant alone, but all are subjected to the costs of the suit.
Our discount law recognizes the defendant pleading a discount, as occupying the position of a plaintiff, and gives him the right to recover any excess which he may establish beyond the plaintiff's demand.1 In this respect it is peculiar, and distinguishable from the English statute on the same subject. A. by pleading a discount, might enable B. and C. to recover a judgment against D. who never had had dealings with them.
See 2 Rich. 549. An.
See 4 Rich. 546; 5 Strob. 128. An.
Wilson and Marlin, for the motion;
Warcllaw and Perrin. contra.
The rule, analyzed and reduced to simplicity, is this;— to an action by two persons, the defendant cannot set off a debt due to him from one of them; nor can one of several joint defendants set off a debt due to him alone from the plaintiff.
According to these views, the circuit decision must be reversed, and the plaintiff be allowed to take a decree for the whole of his note.
The whole Court concurred.