Case Name: R. J. Horner & Company, Plaintiff, v. William B. Lawrence, Defendant
Court: New York Supreme Court
Jurisdiction: New York
Decision Date: 1914-06
Citations: 86 Misc. 95
Docket Number: 
Parties: R. J. Horner & Company, Plaintiff, v. William B. Lawrence, Defendant.
Judges: 
Reporter: New York Miscellaneous Reports
Volume: 86
Pages: 95–99

Head Matter:
R. J. Horner & Company, Plaintiff, v. William B. Lawrence, Defendant.
(Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
June, 1914.)
Corporations — action by, to protect corporation in its exclusive use of trade-name — pleading—General Corporation Law, § 221.
In an action to protect plaintiff, a corporation, in its right to the exclusive use of a trade-name which was acquired through the purchase of the good-will, etc., of another corporation under a sale in proceedings for its dissolution, a separate defense pleaded in the joint answer of defendants which sets up a conspiracy on the part of several persons named but not parties to the action, having for its object the sacrificing of the assets of the dissolved corporation, the conspirators being directors thereof and majority stockholders in both corporations, and L., one of the defendants, a minority stockholder in the dissolved corporation against whose interest the conspiracy is alleged to have been aimed, is demurrable for insufficiency for the reason that as against the defendants other than L. the sale to plaintiff was valid until directly set aside, and its absolute right to the trade-name was admitted by the allegations of the complaint and the separate defense.
A separate defense in said answer that L. objected to the sale to plaintiff in the dissolution proceedings and pursuant to section 221 of the General Corporation Law duly commenced proceedings for the appraisal of his interest in the dissolved corporation, that appraisers had been appointed but that no appraisal had yet been had, is insufficient as under subdivision 4 of said section the duty to pay the appraised value of the dissenting stockholders’ interest within thirty days after the appraisal involves the performance of a condition subsequent and the sale, until invalidated by the failure to pay, was effective so far as the purchaser was concerned and it had sufficient title for the purposes of an action to preserve the value of the goodwill purchased.
A separate defense alleging that the sale took place within two weeks of the time of filing the certificate of dissolution of the corporation in violation of section 221(2) of the General Corporation Law, considered, and held insufficient.
A separate defense proceeding upon allegations of fraud on plaintiff’s part in announcing its continuance of the business of the dissolved corporation in conjunction and connection with plaintiff, held insufficient, since such announcement in the form alleged in said separate defense was within plaintiff’s rights under its purchase of the trade-name and good-will.
Demurrer to separate defenses.
Hill, Lockwood, Bedfield & Lydon, for plaintiff.
H. B. Guggenheimer, for defendant.

Opinion:
Erlanger, J.
Each of the four separate defenses, to which the plaintiff demurs, is, in my opinion, insufficient. The action is brought to protect the plaintiff corporation in its right to the exclusive use of the name "Flint's Fine Furnture," which right it acquired through the purchase of the good-will, trade-name and trade-mark of the George 0. Flint Company under a sale in proceedings for the dissolution of that corporation. For a first separate defense these defendants set up a conspiracy upon the part of several persons named, not parties, having for its object the sacrificing of the assets of the Flint Company in favor of the plaintiff corporation, the conspirators being directors of the Flint Company and majority stockholders of both corporations, and the defendant Lawrence being a minority stockholder of the Flint Company against whose interest the conspiracy is alleged to have been aimed. This defense is infirm, for the reason that it seeks to set up in an answer served by the defendants jointly matter which in no way affects 'the plaintiff's rights as against some of the parties so answering. Except as to the defendant Lawrence, the sale to the plaintiff corporation is wholly valid and, as against the other defendants, the plaintiff has acquired an absolute right to the trade-name in question upon the admitted allegations of the" complaint and of this defense. Until successfully attacked by some person having an interest which enabled him to disaffirm the transaction, the plaintiff's purchase of the trade-name in dissolution proceedings conducted according to the forms of law gave it a property right which it may enforce. Lawrence might well be heard to say that this act of the directors, in their own interest, was void, and as to him, even without a direct proceeding to avoid it, the invalid sale could not be made the basis of legal action to his prejudice. The invalidity would probably be open to him as a defense within the principles adopted in Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. v. New York & N. R. Co., 150 N. Y. 410, but such a sale is not void as to all the world. It is voidable by disaffirmance on the part of a stockholder who has been prejudiced (Barr v. New York, L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 125 N. Y. 263, 274); as to others, it is, of course, valid until directly set aside. By the present answer the defendants jointly seek to avail themselves of a defense personal to Lawrence in which three of them are not concerned, and which, though valuable to him, does not affect the plaintiff's rights as against them with respect to the subject of the sale. The matter alleged cannot be treated as an equitable defense to all the defendants, based upon the claim that the plaintiff's hands are not clean, for the accusation is made not against the plaintiff, but only against its title through the voidable acts of the directors of the Flint Company. In this respect, as I have noted, the right of disaffirmance is the personal right of Lawrence, and the sale is valid except so far as the existence of this personal right gives him a defense. Its assertion does not lessen the plaintiff's rights as to other defendants not so concerned, and the defense, pleaded in common, is thus demurrable because good only as to one defendant. Tailor v. Spalding, 12 Civ. Pro. 123. The second separate defense sets up the fact that the defendant Lawrence objected to the sale to the plaintiff in the dissolution proceedings and duly commenced proceedings on his own part for the appraisal of his interest in the good will, name and trade-mark of the George C. Flint Company pursuant to section 221 of the General Corporation Law, and it is further alleged that the appraisers have been appointed, but the appraisal has not yet been had. It is apparent from the provisions of subdivision 4 of section 221 of the General Corporation Law that the duty to pay the appraised value of the dissenting stockholders' interest within thirty days after the appraisal involves the performance of a condition subsequent and that the sale, until invalidated by the failure to pay, is effectual so far as the purchaser is concerned. The trustees by this section are authorized to make the sale and complete it by the acceptance of the consideration, subject to the later observance of the duty to pay to dis-sentient stockholders the appraised value of their interests. Clearly the purchaser has sufficient title to what it-has bought for the purposes of an action to preserve the value of the good-will purchased. For a third defense the defendants allege that the sale took place 1 ' within two weeks of the time of filing of the certificate of dissolution of the said company in violation of subdivision 2, section 221, of the General Corporation Law, and was therefore void." This section provides for the publication of the secretary of state's certificate of the filing of the papers in dissolution proceedings " once a week for two weeks," and 1 ' at the expiration of such publication ' ' a sale of the assets is authorized. That two weeks had not elapsed between the filing and the sale does not ex- elude due performance of the statutory requirements with regard to publication, since the publication 1 ' once a week for two weeks ' ' could well come to an " expiration " within eight succeeding days. The fourth separate defense, which proceeds upon allegations of fraud upon the plaintiff's part in announcing the continuance of business of the George C. Flint Company in conjunction and connection with the plaintiff, is insufficient, since the announcement, in the form alleged by the defense, was within the plaintiff's rights as acquired by the purchase of the trade-name and good-will. See Metropolitan Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Metropolitan Tel. & T. Co., 156 App. Div. 577, 582.
Demurrer sustained, with costs, with leave to defendants to amend upon payment of costs within twenty days.
Demurrer sustained.