Case Name: MARTIN et al. v. BITUMINOUS CASUALTY CORPORATION et al.
Court: Supreme Court of Georgia
Jurisdiction: Georgia
Decision Date: 1959-10-13
Citations: 215 Ga. 476
Docket Number: 20572
Parties: MARTIN et al. v. BITUMINOUS CASUALTY CORPORATION et al.
Judges: All the Justices concur except Duckworth, C. J., Head and Hawkins, JJ., who dissent.
Reporter: Georgia Reports
Volume: 215
Pages: 476–483

Head Matter:
20572.
MARTIN et al. v. BITUMINOUS CASUALTY CORPORATION et al.
Argued September 16, 1959
Decided October 13, 1959
Rehearing denied November 4, 1959.
Albert P. Feldman, Smith, Field, Doremus & Ringel, Richard D. Carr, H. A. Stephens, Jr., J. Kelley Quillian, for plaintiffs in error.
Wilson, Branch & Barwick, M. Cook Barwick, contra.

Opinion:
Wyatt, Presiding Justice.
1. The claimants made, a motion for continuance in the Superior Court of Fulton County, upon the ground that claimants had a claim pending before the Industrial Commission of Ohio, which might jeopardize the claimants' rights in the manner set out in the motion. The motion requested that the case in Georgia be continued pending the outcome of the claim in Ohio. The motion was denied. Claimants assign this ruling as error. There is no merit in this contention. The grant or denial of a continuance rests always in the sound discretion of the trial court, and unless abused, will not be disturbed by this court. No abuse appears in this case.
2. The sole remaining question is whether the Georgia State Board of Workmen's Compensation has jurisdiction to award compensation in a case in which a Georgia employer employs a Georgia resident in Ohio, through an agent of the Georgia employer, to drive a truck loaded with freight from Ohio to Georgia, and the employee is killed in the course of his employment in Kentucky while en route to Georgia. Whether or not the Georgia Board has jurisdiction in this case is dependent upon the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation statutes and more especially, Code § 114-411 and 114-201. The three members of the Court of Appeals who were for affirmance of the judgment of the superior court and the board were of the opinion that the facts in the instant case brought it within the provisions of Code § 114-411, and that, under the opinion of this court in Slaten v. Travelers Ins. Co., 197 Ga. 1 (28 S. E. 2d 280), since the contract had not been made in this State, the Georgia board was without jurisdiction to award compensation in this case.
However, Slaten v. Travelers Ins. Co. recognizes that, if the terms of the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Act are accepted as provided in Code § 114-201, injuries occurring outside the State are covered whether or not the provisions of Code § 114-411 are complied with. Code § 114-201 provides: "Every employer and employee, except as herein stated, shall be presumed to have accepted the provisions of this Title agreeing respectively to pay and accept compensation for personal injury or death by accident arising out of and in the course of the employment and shall be bound thereby, unless, prior to any accident resulting in injury or death, notice to the contrary shall have been given in the manner herein provided. . . " There is no contention that either the employer or employee is within an excepted class.
Code (Ann.) § 114-101 defines employer and employee as follows : " 'Employer' shall include . . . any individual, firm, association, or corporation engaged in any business operated for gain or profit, except as hereinafter provided . . .
" 'Employee' shall include every person in the service of another under any contract of hire or apprenticeship written or implied, except one whose employment is not in the usual course of the trade, business, or occupation or profession of the employer and, except as hereinafter provided. . . " It is not contended that either the employer or the employee comes within any of the excepted classes contained in the act.
In the instant case we have a Georgia employer as defined in the above Code section and a Georgia resident who was employed to perfonn services in the trade, business, or occupation in which the employer was regularly engaged. He is thus an employee under the provisions of Code § 114-201. The fact that this employee was in Ohio where he had driven a truck from Georgia for his regular Georgia employer who owned the truck, and that the truck was leased in Ohio to Ohio-Southern Express for one trip from Cleveland, Ohio, to Griffin, Georgia, by which he became the employee of Ohio-Southern Express, makes him no less an employee of Ohio-Southern Express under the above Code sections. The record shows no notice to reject the act as provided in Code § 114-201. This section provides that, unless notice to the contrary is given, employers and employees alike will be presumed to have accepted its terms. There is nothing new or unusual in presuming that two Georgia residents are familiar with Georgia law and that they are subject to its provisions. The fact is that the record in this case shows that it was stipulated that Ohio-Southern Express "has accepted the provisions of Title 114 of the Code of Georgia." The Georgia State Board of Workmen's Compensation therefore had jurisdiction to award compensation in this case.
It is contended, however, that Slaten v. Travelers Ins. Co., 197 Ga. 1, supra, requires a different result from that above reached. There is no merit in this contention. The facts in the Slaten case, and those appearing in the instant case are entirely different. In the Slaten case, the employee was a resident of Georgia, but the employer was a resident of another state, and the employee was employed in another state to work, as the contract was construed, entirely outside the State of Georgia. It was there held that the mere fact that the em ployee resided in Georgia, in and of itself with no other Georgia contacts, was not sufficient to give the Georgia board jurisdiction. This ruling was, of course, correct, but it does not control the instant case.
Cramer v. American Mutual Liability Ins. Co., 77 Ga. App. 236 (47 S. E. 2d 925), another case relied upon by the defendant in error is likewise distinguishable on its facts. In the Cramer case, the employee was not a resident of Georgia and had never been in Georgia. The employer,, in so far as appears, was not a resident of Georgia. In addition, as stated in the opinion of the board and quoted by the Court of Appeals, "The most favorable thing that could be said in favor of jurisdiction in this matter is that this employee was being sent from the State of Oklahoma to the State of Georgia for the purpose of doing work in Georgia, and that before he reached the boundaries of this State he was killed." This is entirely different from the instant case, where we have a Georgia employer employing a Georgia resident to perform work, part of which was in Georgia, in the usual course of his trade or business.
For the reasons above stated, we conclude that the Georgia State Board of Workmen's Compensation had jurisdiction to award compensation in this case.
Judgment reversed.
All the Justices concur except Duckworth, C. J., Head and Hawkins, JJ., who dissent.