Case Name: The Mechanics Bank of Alexandria, Appellants, vs. Adam Lynn, Appellee
Court: Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 1828-01
Citations: 1 Pet. 376
Docket Number: 
Parties: The Mechanics Bank of Alexandria, Appellants, vs. Adam Lynn, Appellee.
Judges: 
Reporter: United States Reports
Volume: 26
Pages: 376–385

Head Matter:
The Mechanics Bank of Alexandria, Appellants, vs. Adam Lynn, Appellee.
A Court of Equity ought not to decree specific performance of a contract to the letter, where, from change of circumstances, mistake or misapprehension, it would'be unconscientious soto do. The Court may so modify the agreement, as to do justice, as far as circumstances will permit; and refuse specific execution, unless the party seeking it, will comply with such modifications as justice requires. {382}
If a bill charges a defendant with notice of a particular fact, an answer must be given without a special interrogatory to the matter. But, a defendant is not bouhd to answer aa interrogatory, not warranted by some matter. ' contained in a formér part of the bill. {383}
When a judgment debtor comes into the Court asking protection on the ground that he has satisfied the judgment, the door is fully open for the Court tó modify or grant the prayer, upon such conditions as justice demands. {384}.
APPEAL from the Circuit Court for the county of Alexandria.
The appellee filed his bill on the Chancery side of the Circuit Court for the county of Alexandria, in the District of Columbia, against' the Mechanics Bank of Alexandria, to enjoin the bank from proceeding upon a judgment at law, which the bank had obtained against him, and upon which an execution had issued, and he had been taken and confined.'
The bill stated, that'the judgment which had been obtained against the complainant was for what is called, according to the bank phrase, “ an overdraw,” amounting to 81573 85 - and, that after'this judgment had been obtained, he had made a deed of trust to Thomas F. Mason, to secure the payment of his debts, and that this judgment against him was among the first to be paid; and also that the security provided in the deed was ample for that object.
The bill then states, that the complainant after this deed, had been made, entered into a settlement with the bank of the various claims which they had against him, and agreed with them upon certain modes of payment of his debts, and among others of the judgment of 81573 85 for the overdraw. That this 81573' 85 was to be paid Out of the trust fund conveyed to Mr. Mason; and as an.evidence of it, the bill refers to the account stated in the written settlement', .in which the defendant Lynn is charged with the judgment for the overdraw, and credited - bv “the security in deed to Mason for overdraw.’’
The bill alleges also that in pursuance of this settlement the complainant carried into effect the terms of the said settlement, and that every thing dute from him to the bank was satisfied, except the sum of §3700, which was to be secured to the satisfaction of the bank; and that so far as respected this §>3700, he had offered secuiity, such as the committee, of the bank had considered- ample, and such as the bank ought to have accepted ; but which they refused to. accept.
The bill then alleges, that notwithstanding this settlement an,d the fulfilment of it, on the part of the complainant, the bank had issued an execution against-him upon the judgment fot “the overdraw,” and had confined him in the bounds of the jail.under the execution, and prayed he might be relieved from his imprisonment, and that the bank should look to the security provided in the deed of trust to Mason, and to that fund only. Upon this bill, an injunction was granted, and the complainant was released from his confinement under the execution.
The appellants filed ah answer to this bill, and among other things stated; that they had agreed upon á settlement with the\ complainant, of the.various claims which the bank had upon him. That.they were very desirous of securing the payment of these claims, and in order to effect the said settlement, they had given up to the complainant 8784 04; and had agreed to take his bank stock and property at prices above their value;' and had also agreed to take their payment for “the overdraw” out of the trust fund in Mason’s hands, provided they could have had the full benefit thereof. They admit that in pursuance of this agreement, the defendant Lynn did transfer to the bank his stock and lands leaving nothing unpaid, but the judgment for “the overdraw,” and the sum of 3700 dollars which was to have been secured to the satisfaction of the bank. They refer to the articles of agreement to show, that the security to • be given for this-3700 dollars was to be such as was satisfactory to the Board of Directors;' and the answer states that it. never was secured to their satisfaction, and that no tender or offer of security was ever made', that ought to have been acceded to by the bank; and that the bank was right in refusing the security offered-.
The answer also states, that as to the judgment for the overdraw, it never was satisfied, and that .the deed of trust to Ma-. son was entirely inoperative, as to this debt, and was made upon such terms that the bánk could not accede to them. That their cashier, immediately after the agreement had been entered into between Lynn and the . bank, had. called upon the trustee,
Mr. Mason, to know whether the bank might expect payment from that fund; and was informed by him, that one of the conditions of the deed was, tliat the creditors accepting the benefit of the deed, should within six months of the date of it, release to Lynn all claims and demands which they had upon him; that this deed had been executed on the 16th November 1820, and- that the agreement of Lynn with the bank had been executed on the Í9th M.ay 1821, so that the six months had, in fact, expired before the said agreeruent'had been made. The trustee therefore informed the cashier, that the bank was not entitled to any benefit under that deed, and that they could not reckon upon that fund for the payment of their said judgment.
The answer then states, that the bank, finding they were not entitled to any benefit-front the trust funds, and seeing no other means of payment from Lynn; had resorted to an execution upon their judgment, and lie was accordingly taken in execution and remained in execution nearly a year, until it became necesary for him to take the oath of insolvency, and under these circumstances he obtained the injunction, and they prayed that it might be dissolved. >
The deed of trust to Mason, bearing date the 16th of Novem-. ber 1820, was filed as an exhibit with the bill of Lynn the complainant. This deed has in it the following proviso, viz.- “Pro--vided always however, and it is hereby .expressly required, that each' and every of the aforesaid creditors, before they receive the benefit of this deed, shall sign and execute a full and complete discharge from all claims and demands whatsoever, against the said Adam Lynn; and the period of six months shall .be, and is hereby, allowed them from the date of this instrument to come in, and elect and .sign such discharge; and the dividend or share to which each and all of those who may refuse or neglect for the space of six months as above allowed, for that purpose, to sign and execute' such discharge as aforesaid, shall go and be disposed of for the benefit of such of the aforesaid creditors as shall accept, of the' terms of this deed, and in the order above directed.”
The" agreement entered into between the defendant Lynn and the bank, was also made an exhibit with the bill. It bears date on the 29th of May 1821, and so far as respects the matter in disputé is as follows, viz. — -
' Article 1st.. That the- account of A. Lynn, with the Mechanics Bank be stated as follows—
Article-2d. The above balance, except SB349 98, say 3700 dollars to be secured by A. Lynn to the satisfaction of the Board, and to;be. paid in one, .two and three years.
Depositions were taken oh the part of the bank, to prove that the committee of the bank who entéred into the settlement With the defendant Lynn, were not authorized to decide upon the security which he had offered for the balance of 3700 dollars; and that they did not in fact agree to accept the security.
Upon the final hearing of .the case in the Circuit Court, on the bill, answer, exhibits and depositions, the Court ordered a perpetual injunction; and, to this decretal order an appeal was enteréd to this Court by the Mechanics Bank.
The case was argued by Mr. Wirt, Attorney General, and Mr. Swan, District Attorney, for the appellants, and' by Mr. Jones and Mr. Taylor, for the appellees.
For the appellants it Was contended.—
The deed from Adam Lynn to J. F. Mason does not appear to be recorded; no noticé of its contents was given to the bank, nor does it appear that the bank knew of its terms, at the time of settlement. As soon as the settlement informed the bank of the deed, applicatibn was made fof the benefit of its provisions; and it.was found,- that by its terms the bank was excluded'therefrom. 1. Because the period for executing a release had passed; and secondly .because the bank could not give a general release, as the debt of -3700 dollars had not been Secured. Equity will not enforce an agreement^ when from circumstances subsequently discovered, it appears that the party who made the agreement was misled, or.c3.nnqt receive under it, what according to its terms lie expected to' receive, 2 Sell. & Lef. 341. If the appellee meant to make use "of the deed to Mason, he should have shown in his bill that the bank agreed to abide by it. This is not done, . nor is it said by the appellee that the bank was knowing of its nature.
The debt of the appellee for ‘‘the overdraw,” has never, been paid; although the judgment for 3700 dollars- may, by the result of the proceeding-upon the judgment, be satisfied ; the overdraw remains due, unless'the statement in the agreement as to it, shall release the claim of the bank on Adani . Lynn and. oblige them to look to the deed of Mason for pay-v. ment. The bank cannot' place itself within the terms of the, provisions of that -deed.
There is- no evidence before the Court that none of the creditors of Adam Lynn came in under the deed, and thus the fund to arise from that deed is closed against the bank for ever. The effect of'the perpetual injunction will be to prevent any of he debt for the overdraw being collected, and give to the ap- peilee-the benéfit of the concealment he practised towards the appellants. .
Upon the nature, effects and power, of interrogatories in ^ Courts of Chancery, cited, Mitford’s Pleadings, 44. Cornier’s ■■ Equity, 12. The decisions of the Courts of Virginia, 4 Mumford, 273, ire.
Mr. Jones and Mr. Taylor, for the appellee.—
The contract of the bank is- not one between a creditor and a solvent debtor, having for its object on the one hand the security of the debt, and on the other, an extension of time for payment.- But it-is a compromise with an insolvent — of a debt, ' in part at least, disputed.
It may therefore be well supposed that the bank was willing to have sacrificed a part- of its claim, or to have taken, as to part, an inadequate security to save the rest.. The contract with Mason, approved -by the. Board on the 29th of May, is in all its articles executory, except as to the provision for the overdraw," the only one now in dispute. ' As to that, if the bank is to be considered as having agreed to receive the deed to Mason as a payment of this claim,-nothing further on the part of Lynn remained to be done — the deed was beyond his control
•' The appellee has carried into effect- all the- executory part pi the contract, he- has transferred his .stock, conveyed his land, and moreover, executed his deed- of trust from Young'. The bank has obtained payment of the balance of the account of. 3700 dollars, so that every thing required of him by the bank ■has been done- — they now reject the only stipulation-which was particularly favourable to Lynn and onerous to them.
In deciding on the security to be offered for the 3700 dollars, the bank did-not possess, an arbitrary power; it was bound to act with, good faith. If the security offered .was sufficient, they were bound to have received it as satisfactory, ■ Sufficient security was offered, and was approved of by the committee of the bank,‘and by- the committee recommended to the Board of Di- ■ rectors of the-bank.
This affords at- least prima facie evidence that the security’ was adequate, and ought to have been received; it has been opposed by no evidence to negative this presumption.
•But this inquiry is now unnecessary, the bank has by execution, not only enforced payment of the 3700 dollars; but they have enforced it with interest, -with which, by the contract, Lynn was not chargeable.
The deed was received as an absolute payment. This may be inferred, from the suspension of proceeding on their j'udg"ment from the 29th of May 1821,. the date of compromise,' to ■July 1823, and from other circumstances. And more especially from, .the terms of the deed, which annex the condition of a release to Lynn. If the bank accepted “ the security in the deed . to Mason” it must be in the terms of the. deed. No'fraud or concealment is charged on the complainant in the answer — the defendant must be presumed to' be informed of the subject on which they were treating; they no where pretend, that they were ignorant of the contents of the deed to Mason; and it may be fairly presumed, that to secure nearly 29,000 dollars they would be willing to take a doubtful or even .inadequate security for 1500 dollars. It does not appear that any creditors had accepted of the terms of the deed of trust “to Mason, and if so, it was open to all, particularly-by the very contract of 29th of May, to the bank.
Their.own admissions in their answer, show that they con-, sidéred the arrangement still open; they say they require no- • thing but the complainant’s order to his trustee'. This order,., so far as the complainant could give it, is given by the contract of 29th of May; so far as he is concerned, the.prosecution of " this suit, affirms the right of the bank, under the deed of trust. _■ But, although the release may be a condition precedent, the - time is not a part of the condition, but a qualification of it,-— , from which a Court of Chancery, with the consent of the debt- or for whtíse benefit it was introduced, may relieve. Francis’s . Maxims, p. 61. max. xxii. Richmond edition. 1 Vernon, '260.. 319.

Opinion:
Mr. Justice Thompson
delivered the opinion of the Court.
Adam Eynn, the complainant in the Court below, filed, his bill for an injunction to restrain the Mechanics Bank of Alexandria from proceeding upon a judgment which it had recovered against"him at law for g 1573 85.' A perpetual injunction was decreed, to reverse which, the present appeal is brought.'
The'bill and answer contain many matters not necessary now ,to be noticedi The grounds upon which the application for an injunction was placed, were, that on the 29th of May 1821, a settl'ement was made between the parties, of various matters which had' been for a long time in. dispm. between them, amo'rtg which was the judgment now in question. In the account, stated, which formed the basis of that settlement, Lynn is charged with this judgment, which is there called ."the overdraw," and credited by security in deed to Mason for the same.. Upon this statement' of the account, there was a balance- of g 371)0 found in favour of the bank, for which security, was to be given. This may however be now laid out of. view. For although it appears that some difficulty arose'with respect' to the security for this balance, yet it is alleged in the bill that- it, was afterwards paid to the batik; and this is not denied, but substantially admitted in the answér. And the. whole arrangement upon that settlement was carried into execution, except that which related to the judgment now in question.
It is contended on the part of Lynn, that the security in the deed to Mason was a'complete discharge by the bank oí this debt. And, whether it is so to be considered, is the only question- necessary now to be noticed.
The deed of trust given by Lynn to Mason, bears .date. the. 16th of November 1820; and provides in the first- place for the payment of judgment creditors; then for certain enumerated creditors; and finally, the surplus to be paid to the Mechanics Bank of Alexandria in discharge of notes discounted f: r Lynn. This deed contains the. following proviso, " Provided always and it is hereby expressly required, that each and every of the. aforesaid creditors, before they receive the benefit of this deed, shall sign and execute a full and complete discharge from all claims and demands whatever, against the said Adam Lynn. And the period- of six months shall be, and is hereby allowed them from the date of this instrument to come in, and elect and sign such discharge."
It will be- seen from- comparing the dates of this deed, and the settlement made between the' parties, that the' six months limited' for the creditors to come in, and accept of the provision thereby made, had expired when the settlement took place; and the bank, therefore,, according to the terms of the deed was precluded from taking, any benefit under it.
, - The bill alleges that the provision made by the trust deed for the payment of this debt, was amply sufficient; The bank denies that the judgment has ever been satisfied, and alleges that on application to the trustee Mason, for the benefit of the provision thereby made, it was refused because th'e time had ' expired within Which the creditors were to come in and accept of the benefit of it.
Was this then such a settlement and.discharge of this, judgment, as,' under the circumstances, will conclusively bind .the bank; and turn it over to.this trust fund alone for satisfaction of the debt ? 1
The complainant in the Court below, a,sks the aid of a Court. of Chancery to restrain the bank from enforcing a judgment, at law; and if this is an unconscientious request it would be inconsistent with the course of a Court of Equity to grant it.
The complainant may be considered as asking the specific execution of an agreement, by which the bank stipulated to accept in satisfaction of this judgment, the provisions made by Lynn for his creditors in the deed of trust.
But'.the' Court ought not to decree performance, according to the letter,' when- from change of circumstances, mistake or misapprehension, it would be unconscientious so to do. The Court may sc niodify the agreement, as to do justice as far as. circumstances will' permit¿ and refuse specific execution, unless the party seeking it will comply with such modification as justice requires. . . ,
It cannot be presuined, that the bank in point of fact, knew that the time had expired within which creditors were allowed -to come in and accept of the trust fund. Nor ought it to be presumed, that this circumstance was adverted to by Lynn; as it would be charging him with a fraudulent design of imposing upon-the bank-an unavailable security. -
Whether it was available ór not, is a proper subject of inquiry, under the pleadings. The bill alleges that the provision made by the deed for payment of this debt, was abundantly sufficient.
This, the answer denies; because the complainant by the limitation of the time within which the creditors were to come in, had debarred the bank of availing itself of that security, and that the trasteé had excluded this debt oñ that account. And all .that the bank requires is, that'the complainant should order his trustee Mason to pay this debt out of the trust'fund.
' It is said, however, that the bank is chargeable with notice of this deed, and all its provisions; and- has therefore accepted the fund, at its own risk; and particularly as notice is not denied in the answer. •
There is nothing in the' pleadings or proofs. showing, notice in fact, and the deed was. not recorded, so as to charge the ' bank with constructive notice. There may be reasonable grounds to conclude, that the bank had' information with respect to the trust fund before it agreed to accept it as a substitute for the judgment. But actual knowledge of this limitation cannot reasonably be presumed, as' it was a fund from which, no benefit coüld be derived; and the bill contains no charge calling upon the bank for an' admission, or denial *of notice. This was not required by reason of the special interrogatory-put in the bill.' If the' bill had charged the bank with notice, an answer must have been given without such interrogatory. But a defendant is not bound to answer an interrogatory, not warranted by some matter contained in a former part of the bill; (Milford, 44.) and if the bank was called upon by this interrogatory to. admit or .deny notice; no answer having , been given, exception should have beén taken to the answer for insufficiency. .
Nothing, therefore, appears, which would have precluded the bank from the aid of a Court of Chancery; even was its.complainant seeking relief against the conclusive operation of this settlement, when the consideration-for which the judgment was to be' discharged has entirely failed, and that by the act of Lynn himself. -But when the judgment debtor comes into the Court asking protection on the grorind that he has. satisfied the judgment, the door is fully open for thé Court to modify, or grant his prayer, up'on such conditions as justice demands.
The arrangement between the parties was executory; no release or discharge of the judgment was given. The account stated was -the basis only on which the settlement was made, and to be carried into execution. And it must have been the intention of both parties, that the bank should be let in to take-the benefit of the trust, fund. And justice requires that this should still be done,- as far forth as it can be consistently with the safety of the trustee, and the rights'of other creditors entitled to .the benefit of that fund.
The situation of that fund, however, and what has been done under the trust deed,.could not be properly inquired into, under the pleadings in this cause; and without other parties before the Court.
The, proper course for the bank would have been, to have filed a cross bill.against the complainant, and such other parties, as were necessary to bring that subject completely'before the Court and enable it to make a final determination of the matter in dispute. If the assent of Lynn is all.that is necessary to enable the bank to avail itself of the trust fund, justice requires that this should bé given, before the bank is entirely restrained from proceeding on its judgment at -law. And it is' no doubt within the legitimate powers of a Court of Chancery/ under circumstances like the .present, to ' require such assent, and modification of the settlement, before granting a perpetual injunction.
' But the rights of other creditors, which may have attached upon this' fund must not be lost sight of; with respect to which howevdr, wediave not before us/the means of judging.'
We are accordingly of opinion that the decree of the Court' below granting a perpetual injunction be reversed. And that the cause be sent back with directions to the Court to continue the injunction, until the bank has' a' reasonable time to file a. .cross bill. And that the continuance of the injunction be subject, to such further order of the Court, as equity-and justice may require.
This cause came on, See., on consideration whereof, It is decreed and ordered by thiá Court; that the decree of said Circuit Court in this cause granting a perpetnalinjunction be' and the same is hereby reversed and annulled; atm'it is further ordered by this Court that the cause be remanded to the said Circuit Court, with directions to continue the injunction until the bank has a reasonable time to file a cross bill, and that the continuance of such injunction be subject to such-further orders of the Court, as equity and justice-may require.