Case Name: Fran Zef PLLUMBAJ, Anita Pllumbaj, Almarina Pllumbaj, Aldo Pllumbaj, Petitioners, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, et. al., Respondents
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Jurisdiction: United States
Decision Date: 2010-05-07
Citations: 376 F. App'x 66
Docket Number: No. 09-1732-ag
Parties: Fran Zef PLLUMBAJ, Anita Pllumbaj, Almarina Pllumbaj, Aldo Pllumbaj, Petitioners, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, et. al., Respondents.
Judges: PRESENT: JOSÉ A. CABRANES, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, and GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judges.
Reporter: West's Federal Appendix
Volume: 376
Pages: 66–68

Head Matter:
Fran Zef PLLUMBAJ, Anita Pllumbaj, Almarina Pllumbaj, Aldo Pllumbaj, Petitioners, v. Eric H. HOLDER, Jr., United States Attorney General, et. al., Respondents.
No. 09-1732-ag.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
May 7, 2010.
Andrew P. Johnson; Lawrence Spivak, New York, NY, for Petitioners.
Tony West, Assistant Attorney General; Michelle Gorden Latour, Assistant Director; Trade N. Jones, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for Respondents.
PRESENT: JOSÉ A. CABRANES, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, and GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judges.

Opinion:
SUMMARY ORDER
The Petitioners, Fran Zef Pllumbaj, Anita Pllumbaj, Almarina Pllumbaj, and Aldo Pllumbaj, natives and citizens of Albania, seek review of an April 17, 2009, order of the BIA denying their motion to reopen their removal proceedings. In re Pllumbaj, No. [ A XXX XXX XXX ]/230/231/232 (B.I.A. Apr. 17, 2009). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history of the case.
We review the BIA's denial of a motion to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Ali v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 515, 517 (2d Cir.2006). When the BIA considers relevant evidence of country conditions in evaluating a motion to reopen, we review the BIA's factual findings under the substantial evidence standard. See Jian Hui Shao v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 138, 169 (2d Cir.2008).
An alien may only file one motion to reopen and must do so within 90 days of the final administrative decision. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). It is indisputable that the Petitioners' motion to reopen was untimely and number-barred. These limitations do not apply, however, if the alien establishes materially changed circumstances arising in the country of nationality. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(e)(3)(ii).
In denying the Petitioners' motion to reopen, the BIA concluded that, even assuming they demonstrated changed country conditions, reopening was unwarranted because they failed to establish "that any of the harm [they] experienced was on account of a protected ground, as opposed to criminal activity." In other words, the BIA found that the Petitioners had failed to establish their prima facie eligibility for relief. See INS v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 104-05, 108 S.Ct. 904, 99 L.Ed.2d 90 (1988). We find the Petitioners' assertion that a threat issued against Fran's brother by the police in an unrelated matter five years after their mother's death was insufficient to compel the conclusion that she was killed for political reasons. See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167 (2d Cir.2007) ("Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the factfinder's choice between them cannot be clearly erroneous."). Evidence of Almari-na's rape, though distressing, similarly does not suggest error in the BIA's decision.
The Petitioners further assert that they established the requisite nexus because they demonstrated that they were persecuted on account of their membership in a particular social group comprised of "[family members] of a soldier who opposed official abuse of civilians." However, the BIA was under no obligation to consider this newly-minted legal theory in adjudicating an untimely motion to reopen. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); see also Matter of O-S-G-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 56, 58 (BIA 2006) ("A motion to reconsider based on a legal argument that could have been raised earlier in the proceedings will be denied.").
Although the Petitioners alternatively challenge the Immigration Judge's initial determination that they failed to establish a nexus between the incidents they described and a protected ground, we are "precluded from passing on the merits of the underlying [removal] proceedings" in considering the BIA's denial of the Petitioners' motion to reopen. Ke Zhen Zhao v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 265 F.3d 83, 90 (2d Cir.2001).
Finally, although the Petitioners argue that the BIA erred by failing to address whether they are eligible for humanitarian asylum, such relief would only have been available had the the BIA reopened their proceedings. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1); 1208.13(b)(l)(iii).
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED. As we have completed our review, any stay of removal that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED, and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot. Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).