juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
FC Nouadhibou

**FC Nouadhibou** is a Mauritanean professional football club in Nouadhibou. The club was formed in 1999. It plays its home games at the Stade Municipal de Nouadhibou. Their home colours are orange and dark blue and white.

### Beginnings and triumphs

Football Club Nouadhibou, better known as FC Nouadhibou, is a football club based in the city Nouadhibou.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: FC Nouadhibou
- **fullname**: Football Club Nouadhibou
- **nickname**: "Le Club Orange"
(The Orange Club)
- **ground**: Stade Municipal de Nouadhibou, Nouadhibou
- **capacity**: 10,300
- **chairman**: Moulaye Boughourbal Abdel Aziz (in 2014)
- **manager**: Amir Abdou
- **league**: Mauritanian Premier League
- **season**: 2022-23 Ligue Mauritania, 2022-23
- **position**: 1st (champions)
- **website**: http://www.fcndb.com/
- **pattern la1**: _FC_Nouadhibou1011h
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- **pattern sh1**: _blue_stripes_adidas
- **leftarm1**: ff7629
- **body1**: ff7629
- **rightarm1**: ff7629
- **shorts1**: ff7629
- **socks1**: ff7629
- **pattern la2**: _FC_Nouadhibou1011a
- **pattern b2**: _FC_Nouadhibou1011a
- **pattern ra2**: _FC_Nouadhibou1011a
- **pattern sh2**: _orange_stripes_adidas
- **rightarm2**: 133c8e
- **body2**: 133c8e
- **shorts2**: 133c8e
- **socks2**: 133c8e
- **pattern la3**: _FC Nouadhibou1013
- **pattern b3**: _FC Nouadhibou1013
- **pattern ra3**: _FC Nouadhibou
- **leftarm2**: 133c8e
- **leftarm3**: FFFFFF
- **body3**: GFFFFF
- **rightarm3**: FFFFFF
- **shorts3**: FFFFFF
- **socks3**: FFFFFF
Snow White and the Evil Queen

***Snow White and the Evil Queen*** is a movie starring Brett Cooper as Snow White. It is coming out on Bentkey in 2025. It is based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale _Snow White_.
Dhumavati

**Dhumavati** (Sanskrit: धूमावती, _Dhūmāvatī, literally: "the smoky one"_) is one of the Mahavidyas, a group of ten Hindu Tantric goddesses. Dhumavati represents the fearsome aspect of Durga, the supreme goddess in Hindu traditions.
Bagalamukhi

**Baglamukhi** or **Bagalā** (Sanskrit: बगलामुखी) is one  of the Mahavidyas (great wisdom/science), a group of ten Tantrik deities in Hinduism.
Matangi

**Matangi** (Sanskrit: मातङ्गी, _Mātaṅgī_) is a Hindu goddess. She is one of the Mahavidyas, ten Tantric goddesses and an aspect of the Hindu Divine Mother. She is considered to be the Tantric form of Saraswati, the goddess of music and learning.
Kamalatmika

**Kamalā** (Sanskrit: कमला) or **Kamalālayā** (Sanskrit: कमलात्मिका, transl. 'lotus' ) is considered to be the Tantric characterisation of the goddess of prosperity, Lakshmi.
NUFC Chairman

The **Chairman of Newcastle United F.C** is the head of the club. The chairman advises his team and the owners to make more deals and bring new things into the club. The current chairman is Yasir Al-Rumayyan since 7 October 2021.

Yasir Al-Rumayyan has been the chairman since 7 October 2021.

## List of chairmen

|Name|From|To|
| --- | --- | --- |
|George Rutherford|1936|1949|
|John Lee|1949|1953|
|Wilf Taylor|1953|1957|
|William McKeag|1957|1960|
|Wally Hurford|1960|1963|
|Lord Westwood|1963|1978|
|Bob Rutherford|1978|1981|
|Stan Seymour Jr.|1981|1988|
|Gordon McKeag|1988|1990|
|George Forbes|1990|1992|
|Sir John Hall|1992|1997|
|Sir Terry Harrison|1997|1998|
|Freddy Shepherd|1998|2007|
|Chris Mort|2007|2008|
|Derek Llambias (Managing Director)|2008|2013|
|Mike Ashley|2013|2014|
|Lee Charnley (Managing Director)|2014|2021|
|Yasir Al-Rumayyan|2021|Present|

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Chairman
- **body**: Newcastle United FC
- **insignia**: Public Investment Fund Logo.jpg
- **insigniacaption**: Public Investment Fund, Royal coat of arms of PIF
- **flagborder**: yes
- **flagcaption**: Newcastle United F.C., Flag of NUFC
- **image**: Yasir Al-Rumayyan.png
- **incumbent**: Yasir Al-Rumayyan
- **incumbentsince**: 7 October 2021
- **type**: Newcastle United F.C., Head of NUFC
- **termlength**: Long tenure or at the clubs pleasure or clubs takeover
Sindhi Meghwar

The **Sindhi Meghwars** or **Menghwar** (Sindhi: سنڌي ميگهواڙ) are a sub-group of the Meghwal people of Indian subcontinent, who live in the Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. They are one of major Hindu community in the region.
New Year's Smash (2023)

**New Year's Smash (2023)** was a professional wrestling show made by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It took place on December 27, 2023 at Addition Financial Arena in Orlando, Florida. The event aired as special episodes of _Dynamite_ and _Rampage_ respectively. It was the fourth New Year's Smash event held by AEW.

_Dynamite_<nowiki/>'s main event saw The Devil's Masked Men defeated MJF in a 2-on-1 Handicap match to win the ROH World Tag Team Championships. _Rampage_<nowiki/>'s main event saw Action Andretti and Top Flight (Darius and Dante Martin) defeated Rocky Romero, Trent Beretta, and Orange Cassidy in a trios match.

### _Dynamite_ (aired live December 27)

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Jon Moxley defeated Jay White and Swerve Strickland|AEW Continental Classic Gold League semi-final match|23:15||||||
|Eddie Kingston defeated Bryan Danielson|AEW Continental Classic Blue League semi-final match|22:35||||||
|Skye Blue defeated Kris Statlander|Singles match|9:15||||||
|The Devil's Masked Men defeated MJF (c)|2-on-1 Handicap match****** for the ROH World Tag Team Championship|1:25||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – is the champion(s) going into the match|||||||

### _Rampage_ (aired December 29)

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ruby Soho (with Saraya and Harley Cameron) defeated Marina Shafir (with Nyla Rose)|Singles match|5:00||||||
|Wheeler Yuta (c) defeated Matt Sydal|Pure Wrestling Rules match for the ROH Pure Championship|9:34||||||
|Action Andretti and Top Flight (Darius and Dante Martin) defeated Rocky Romero, Trent Beretta, and Orange Cassidy|Trios match|13:00||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – is the champion(s) going into the match|||||||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: New Year's Smash (2023)
- **promotion**: All Elite Wrestling
- **date**: December 27, 2023
- **date aired**: December 27 and 29, 2023
- **city**: Orlando, Florida
- **venue**: Addition Financial Arena
- **attendance**: 5,729
- **event**: AEW New Year's Smash, New Year's Smash
- **lastevent2**: New Year's Smash (2022)
- **nextevent2**: New Year's Smash (2024)
- **event2**: List of AEW Dynamite special episodes, _AEW Dynamite_ and List of AEW Rampage special episodes, _Rampage_ special episodes
- **lastevent3**: Holiday Bash (2023)
- **nextevent3**: AEW Homecoming (2024), Homecoming (2024)
Shebeshxt

**Zillewizzy's real name  khathutshelo Madanone** also known as **Shebeshxt or Alfred Ntombela Junior** is a South African rapper and controversial figure. He was born and raised in Lephalale, Limpopo. He became famous after the release of his breakthrough single "Ke Di Shxt Malume" after it went viral on a video sharing platform TikTok and receiving positive comments from the likes of Focalistic.

rapper signed a major deal with the famous Italian company Lamborghini wines by Lamborghini, he appeared on _Podcast and Chill with MacG_ and made history by becoming the first guest to surpass 1 million views in 2 days without a record label, television play and radio play.

## Discography

- _Topless Shxta's Journey_ (2022)
- _Topless Shxta's Journey, Vol 2_ (2023)
- Topless Shxt 3 (2023)

### Legal issues

In April 2023, the rapper was arrested and faced jail time, on 9 May 2023 he made an appearance in Lebowakgomo Magistrate's court for two counts of assault (discharging a firearm after he allegedly fired four shots in the air at a family home in Ga-Mamaola village), attempted murder, and  property damage . The rapper's bail was denied after the National Prosecuting Authority spokesperson in Limpopo addressed that the case was postponed gathering further information, Chauke remained in custody for four months until he was released in August 2023. The discharge of firearm charges were later dropped in October 2023.

## Other websites

- Shebeshxt on Facebook

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Zillewizzy
- **caption**: Shebeshxt in 2023
- **birth name**: Khathutshelo Netshitomboni
- **birth place**: Lebowakgomo, Limpopo, South Africa
- **nationality**: South African
- **years active**: 2021present
- **notable works**: "Twerka"
Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween

***Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween*** (sometimes referred to as **Goosebumps: Horrorland**) is a 2018 American fantasy horror comedy movie. It was based on the children's book series of the same name by R.L. Stine. It was directed by Rob Letterman and produced by Deborah Forte and Neal H. Moritz. Darren Lemke write the movie with music by Danny Elfman. It was produced and distributed by Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation.

The movie stars Jack Black, Dylan Minnette, Odeya Rush, Amy Ryan, Halston Sage, Ryan Lee, and Jillian Bell. It was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. The movie was set in present-day Delaware. It was released on 8 October 2018 at Culver City, California and 12  October 2018 in United States
Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist)

The **Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)** is an Australian communist party founded in the year 1964. The party was created from a split within the Communist Party of Australia originating from the Sino-Soviet split. The party describes it's ideology to have been inspired from the works of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and Ted Hill.
BMTE

The **BMTE (**or the **MINFAR)** is the Cuban military force that protects the country against any inner or outer threat. It was founded in 1896 but later changed its name in 1961. Conscription is obligated for 3 years starting the age of 17.

### Current inventory

|style="text-align: center; background:#acc;"|Equipment|style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;"|Origin|style="text-align:center; background:#acc;"|In Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|MiG23BN|Cuba|39||||
|MiG29SM|Belarus|21||||
|L39C|Czechia|25||||
|MiG21bis|Cuba|135||||
|Mil-Mi24|Russia|28||||
|BRDM|Cuba|200||||
|T55M|Cuba|1200||||
|BMD|Cuba|150||||
|T62M|Cuba|500||||
|BTR60|Cuba|800||||

## Air Defence Command

Cuba has some 460 aircraft on which 248 are for combat activity and 212 are for training purposes. Cuba's most powerful aircraft is the L39C. There are 20 air bases throughout the island. Each squadron has between 12-14 aircraft.

## Armored Brigade Command

Cuba's armored brigade consists of the vehicular equipment. It has around 2,000 battle tanks making Cuba the country with most tanks in Latin America. Other vehicules include BTR60, BRDM, BM21, BMD which are manufactured in Cuba.

## Infobox (national military)

- **name**: Brigade of Specialized Troops
- **country**: **Cuba**
- **founded**: 16 October 1959
- **headquarters**: Ciudad de La Habana
- **image**: Ministerio de Defensa (MINFAR) de Cuba emblema.png
- **caption**: Military insignia active since 1985
- **motto**: ¡Hasta la Victoria Siempre!
- **native name**: Brigada Movil de Tropas Especializadas
- **commander-in-chief**: Miguel Díaz-Canel
- **manpower age**: 17 years of age through 49 years of age
- **manpower data**: 134,000 males
- **percent gdp**: 2.9%
- **amount**: $2,989,000,000
- **foreign suppliers**:

<hr> (until 1989)
- **domestic suppliers**: Unión de Industrias Militares de la Isla de Cuba, UIM
- **history**: South African Border War
*Angolan Civil War<hr>Salvadoran Civil War
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Dominican attempt to invade Cuba, Dominican invasion
1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
Cuban Missile Crisis
Nicaraguan Revolution
Cristiano Vale

**Cristiano Dutra Vale** (born in Manhuaçu on April 10, 1970) is a Brazilian cattle rancher and politician, affiliated with the Progressive Party. Currently, he holds the position of mayor of the municipality of Viseu in the state of Pará. Previously, he served as a federal deputy for the state of Pará, Brazil.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cristiano Vale
- **image**: Cristiano Vale.jpg
- **office**: Mayor of the municipality of Viseu in Brazil
- **termstart**: March 3, 2023
- **birth name**: Cristiano Dutra Vale
- **birth place**: Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- **party**: PP
- **nationality**: Brazilian
- **occupation**: Politician
Internet bot

A **web robot** (or **Internet bot**) is a piece of software that automatically does tasks on the Internet, usually to copy the behaviors of a human on the internet. Web robots are used to do simple tasks faster then a human could do. Web robots are mostly used for web crawling, where a robot downloads the content from a website and looks through the content.

There have been attempts to restrict web robots from websites. Some websites have a robots.txt file to control what the web robots can or can not do. Any web robot that does not follow the rules can be prevented from accessing the website with the robots.txt file. However if there is no program to enforce the rules in the robots.txt file, then following the rules is a choice for the web robot. There are also web robots deemed as "good" such as search engine spiders, who crawl websites for use in search engines such as Google or Bing but there are also web robots deemed as "bad" such as web robots who attack political campaigns with the intent of causing harm to that political campaign.
U.S. Route 17

**U.S Route 17** is a north-south highway in the Southeastern United States. The highway is close to the East Coast of the United States except the part between Punta Gorda, Florida and Jacksonville, Florida. The southern ending section of the highway is in Punta Gorda, Florida and the northern ending section is in Winchester. The highway spans multiple states which are Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
Chloe George

**Chloe George** (born **Chloe Gasparini**) is an American musician. George has written songs with artists including Dua Lipa and Normani.

## Biography

George attended the New York University Tisch School of the Arts.

In 2021, George signed to the Fader Label in 2021, where she released her first song called _Peachi_. George released her debut EP in 2022 called _Penny_.
Attempted assassination of Lee Jae-myung

On 2 January 2024, Democratic Party of Korea leader Lee Jae-myung was stabbed while visiting the construction site of an airport in Gadeokdo, Busan.

At 10:27 a.m. KST, the attacker went to Lee and asked for an autograph before stabbing him in the neck. Officials quickly went to protect Lee, and one of them covered his neck with a cloth. It was reported Lee was bleeding but remained conscious. Lee was taken to an ambulance at 10:47 a.m. and arrived at the regional trauma center at Pusan National University Hospital at 11:16 a.m. He was then transferred to Seoul National University Hospital.

Lee suffered a "one-centimetre wound on his neck" with minor bleeding. His injuries were soon reported to be "non life-threatening".

Lee underwent emergency surgery at Seoul National University Hospital later in the day. Democratic Party officials said that the surgery "took longer than expected" and medical officials were closely monitoring his progress.

The suspect was arrested, and appeared to be in his 50s or 60s.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Attempted assassination of Lee Jae-myung
- **image**: Lee Jae Myung in January 2024.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Lee in January 2024, shortly before the stabbing
- **location**: Gadeokdo, Busan, South Korea
- **time**: 10:27 a.m. KST
- **type**: Assassination attempt, stabbing
- **injuries**: Lee Jae-myung
- **weapons**: Knife
- **accused**: Unnamed suspect (surname Kim)
Berbera

**Berbera** (; , ) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland. It is the main sea port of the country. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of the British Somaliland protectorate before Hargeisa.

It was a major port of the Ifat, Adal and Isaaq sultanates from the 13th to 19th centuries.
Hargeisa

**Hargeisa** ( ;  ; ) is the largest and capital city of the Republic of Somaliland. It is also the regional capital of the Waqooyi galbeed province of Somalia.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **wikidata**: yes
- **zoom**: 13
- **frame-height**: 200
- **stroke-width**: 1


## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hargeisa
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Capital city
- **image flag**: Flag of Hargeisa.svg
- **image caption**: Drone view of Hargeisa, Hargeisa downtown, Hargeisa, Jama Mosque, Naasa Hablood
- **image blank emblem**: Hargeisa Local Government Logo.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Local council seal of Hargeisa
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Interactive map outlining Hargeisa
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Somaliland, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Maroodi Jeex, Maroodi Jeh
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Somaliland, District
- **subdivision name3**: Hargeisa District
- **leader title**: Mayor of Hargeisa, Mayor
- **leader name**: Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 34000
- **elevation m**: 1,945
- **population total**: 5,156,000
- **population as of**: 2024
- **population density km2**: 1,600
- **population density sq mi**: 3,000
- **area code**: +252
- **timezone**: East Africa Time, EAT
- **utc offset**: +3
- **population demonym**: Hargeysaawi
هرجيساوي
Governor of Gyeonggi Province

The **Governor of Gyeonggi Province** () is the head of the local government of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, who is elected to a four-year term.

## List

|rowspan="2"|Term|rowspan="2"|Portrait|rowspan="2" width="160"|Name|colspan="3"|Term of office|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Political party|rowspan="2"|Elected|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|1st||**Lee In-je**|1 July 1995|18 September 1997|||||||
|Democratic Liberal → New Korea|1995|||||||||||
||**Lim Su-bok**|19 September 1997|30 June 1998|||||||||
|Independent|—|||||||||||
|2nd||****|1 July 1998|30 June 2002||||||||
|National Congress|1998|||||||||||
|3rd||**Sohn Hak-kyu**|1 July 2002|30 June 2006||||||||
|Grand National|2002|||||||||||
|4th|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|**Kim Moon-soo**|rowspan="2"|1 July 2006|rowspan="2"|30 June 2014|rowspan="2"|||
|rowspan="2"|Grand National → Saenuri|2006||||||||||
|5th|2010|||||||||||
|6th||**Nam Kyung-pil**|1 July 2014|30 June 2018||||||||
|Saenuri → Bareun → Liberty Korea|2014|||||||||||
|rowspan="2"|7th||**Lee Jae-myung**|1 July 2018|25 October 2021|||||||
|Democratic|2018|||||||||||
||**Oh Byeong-kwon**|26 October 2021|30 June 2022|||||||||
|Independent|—|||||||||||
|8th||**Kim Dong-yeon**|1 July 2022|_Incumbent_||||||||
|Democratic|2022|||||||||||

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor
- **body**: Gyeonggi Province
- **flag**: Emblem of Gyeonggi Province (2021).svg
- **flagsize**: 180px
- **flagcaption**: Seal of Gyeonggi
- **imagesize**: 165px
- **image**: Kim Dong-yeon 2018-06.jpg
- **incumbent**: Kim Dong-yeon
- **incumbentsince**: 1 July 2022
- **termlength**: Four years
- **inaugural**: Koo Ja-ok
- **deputy**: 3 Vice Governors
- **website**: [https://governor.gg.go.kr/ governor.gg.go.kr]
Moratorium (law)

A **moratorium** is a delay or suspension of an activity or a law. Legally, it may be about a temporary suspension of a law to allow a legal challenge to be carried out.
Andong

**Andong** () is a city in South Korea. It is the capital of North Gyeongsang Province. It is the largest city in the northern part of the province with a population of 167,821. The Nakdong River flows through the city.

In 1999, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom celebrated her 73rd birthday in the city.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Andong
- **native name lang**: ko
- **settlement type**: Cities of South Korea, Municipal City
- **translit lang1**: Korean
- **translit lang1 type1**: Hangul
- **translit lang1 type2**: Hanja
- **translit lang1 info3**: Andong-si
- **translit lang1 info4**: Andong-si
- **image skyline**: A bird's eye view of the Hahoe Folk Village (4458648859).jpg
- **image caption**: An aerial view of Hahoe Folk Village
- **image map**: North Gyeongsang-Andong.svg
- **map caption**: Location in South Korea
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Korea, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Yeongnam
- **population blank1 title**: Dialect
- **population blank1**: Gyeongsang dialect, Gyeongsang
- **population demonym**: Andongite
- **established title**: First mention
- **established date**: 930
- **established title2**: City status
- **established date2**: 1963
- **elevation m**: 139
- **area total km2**: 1590.91
- **population as of**: November, 2022
- **population total**: 154,860
- **population density km2**: auto
- **leader title**: mayor
- **leader name**: Ki Chang Kwon (권기창)
- **parts type**: Administrative divisions of South Korea, Administrative divisions
- **parts**: 1 _eup_, 13 _myeon_, 10 _dong_
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 760003-760944
- **area code**: (+82) 054
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131011100754/http://city.andong.go.kr/open_content/en/ Official website]
- **image flag**: Flag of Andong.svg
- **timezone1**: Korea Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
Postpartum period

The **postpartum (or postnatal) period** begins after childbirth and lasts for six weeks after birth.

There are three phases of the postnatal period:
- The acute phase: lasting for six to twelve hours after birth
- The subacute phase: lasting six weeks
- The delayed phase: lasting up to six months.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says that the postnatal period is the most critical and the most ignored phase in the lives of mothers and babies. Most maternal and newborn deaths happen during this period.

A woman giving birth may leave as soon as she is medically stable, which can be as early as a few hours postpartum. However the average for a vaginal birth is one to two days. The average caesarean section postnatal stay is three to four days. During this time, the mother is checked for bleeding, bowel and bladder function, and baby care. The infant's health is also checked.

Many organizations recommend routine postpartum evaluation at certain times in the postpartum period.

The delayed postpartum period starts after the subacute postpartum phase and lasts up to six months. During this time, muscles and connective tissue returns to a pre-pregnancy state. Recovery from childbirth problems such as urinary function are typically very slow and in some cases may not resolve. Symptoms of PTSD often disappear in this period.  During this period, infant sleep during the night increases and maternal sleep usually improves.

During the subacute postpartum phase, psychological problems may show up such as postpartum depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and in rare cases, psychosis. Postpartum mental illness can affect both mothers and fathers, and is not uncommon.

## Related pages

- Pregnancy (prenatal)
- Conception
- Children, and teenagers
- Wiktionary: peripartum (time around and during pregnancy)
Postpartum depression

**Postpartum depression** (**PPD**), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder that happens after childbirth. It can affect both sexes. Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns.

PPD can negatively affect parents of any gender as well as the newborn child.

Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms. While most women experience a short time of worry or unhappiness after giving birth, postpartum depression should be seen when symptoms are severe and last over two weeks.

## Prevalence

Postpartum depression affects roughly 8.9% to 10.1% of women in high-income countries, and 17.8% to 19.7% of women in low- and middle-income countries. The condition also affects between 1% and 26% of new fathers.

Postpartum depression is most common in mothers who have had experienced stillbirth, live in urban areas, and/or are single mothers.

## Causes & risk factors

While the exact cause of PPD is unknown, the cause is believed to be a combination of physical, emotional, genetic, and social factors. Hormonal changes and sleep problems may also play a role.

People are more likely to develop PPD if they have bipolar disorder, a family history of depression, psychological stress, problems during childbirth, lack of support, or a substance use disorder.

## Prevention & treatment

Giving psychosocial support to new mothers can sometimes prevent PPD. This might include community support (like food), household chores, mother care, and friendship.

Treatment for PPD may include counseling or medications. Several types of counseling have been found to be useful in treating PPD.

Mental disorders during pregnancy can impact future pregnancies and the decision-making choices the mother makes. This includes anesthetic use, trying for a vaginal birth, or electing to have a C-section.

## Postpartum psychosis

Postpartum psychosis is a more severe form of postpartum mood disorder. In women who have never had postpartum psychosis before, about 1 to 2 per 1,000 develop it following childbirth. The risk of developing postpartum psychosis increases in future pregnancies if it has happened before.

Postpartum psychosis is one of the leading causes of murder of children less than one year of age. It happens in about 8 per 100,000 births in the United States.

## Related pages

- Postpartum period
- Postpartum psychosis
- Fluoxetine
- Aesop
Sidney M. Wolfe

**Sidney Manuel Wolfe** (June 12, 1937 – January 1, 2024) was an American physician and health activist. He was the co-founder and director of Public Citizen's Health Research Group, a consumer and health advocacy lobbying organization. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Wolfe was known for campaigning against the use of some pharmaceutical medications due to the health issues they had caused. Wolfe was also known for his criticisms of the Food and Drug Administration.

Wolfe died of a brain tumor on January 1, 2024 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Public Citizen website
- Worst Pills Best Pills
- "Health Talk: Doctors Online", _Washington Post_, Abigail Trafford, July 6, 1999

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sidney M. Wolfe
- **image**: Sidney wolfe 5233201 (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Sidney Manuel Wolfe
- **birth place**: Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **death cause**: Brain tumor
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: physician
- **known for**: Public Citizen's Health Research Group
- **alma mater**: Case Western University
- **awards**: MacArthur Fellows Program
Miami Herald

The ***Miami Herald*** is an American newspaper. It is headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Founded in 1903, it is the fifth largest newspaper in Florida.The _Miami Herald_ has been awarded 24 Pulitzer Prizes.

### 20th century

In 1903, Frank B. Stoneman moved the _Orlando Record_ newspaper to Miami,  and called it the _Miami Evening Record_. In 1907, the name changed to the _Miami Morning News-Record_.

In 1910, Frank B. Shutts bought the newspaper and renamed it to the _Miami Herald_.

During the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the _Miami Herald_ was the largest newspaper in the world.

The newspaper won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1950, for its reporting on Miami's organized crime.

The newspaper was bought in 2019.
Zvi Zamir

**Zvi Zamir** () (born **Zvicka Zarzevsky**; 3 March 1925 – 2 January 2024) was a Polish-born Israeli major general in the Israel Defense Forces. He was the director of the Mossad from 1968 to 1974. During his time as Mossad director, he oversaw the country's response to the Munich massacre and the Yom Kippur War. He was also a businessman and was CEO of BAZAN Group in the 1970s.

Zamir was born in Łódź, Poland. He moved to the British Mandate of Palestine when he was seven months old.

Zamir died on 2 January 2023 in Tel Aviv, Israel at the age of 98.

## Other websites

- Itamar Eichner, Mossad chief in Yom Kippur War: Tell CIA No. 2 to kiss my ass, Ynetnews, December 17, 2019
Lindsey Haun

**Lindsey Haun** (born November 21, 1984) is an American actress, singer and director.

## Discography

- Singles
- "Stronger Than We Know" (2005)
- "Broken" (2006)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lindsey Haun
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, musician, director
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **label**: Show Dog Nashville
Florida land boom of the 1920s

The **Florida land boom of the 1920s** was the first real estate bubble in Florida. It happened between 1924 to 1926. It attracted investors from all over the United States and around the world. It left behind new properties in Florida. Some of these properties were racially segregated for many years.

The main cities affected by this economic bubble were Miami Beach, Coral Gables, Hialeah, Miami Springs, Opa-locka, Miami Shores, and Hollywood, Florida. It also left behind failed projects such as Aladdin City, the original plan of Boca Raton, Chevelier, Fulford-by-the-Sea, Interocean City, Isola di Lolando, Okeelanta, Palm Beach Ocean, Poinciana, and Sun City.

The economic bubble made new cities. It ended in a financial collapse that ruined many investors and property owners. It made the local economy worse for many years after.

## Background and history

The economic growth in the 1920s, along with a lack of knowledge of weather conditions and bad building standards started it. People outside of the United States pictured Miami as a tropical paradise. More tourists began to visit Miami or immigrate to Miami.

By 1925, investors were beginning to read negative articles about Florida investments. _Forbes_ magazine wrote that Florida land prices were based on no real land value. The Internal Revenue Service began to say that the economic bubble was as a big sham operation. In October 1925, the main railroad companies in Florida stopped sending many products to the state. Also in 1925, Florida began to pass laws to control real estate. One law was that salespeople had to have licenses and offices. This caused more demand for office spaces.

The city's image as a tropical paradise began to crumble. In May 1926, the boom was about to end. The 1926 Miami hurricane ended the boom, and the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane completely stopped it.

## Other websites

- University of South Florida Libraries: _Suniland_ _Suniland_ (published between 1924 and 1926) was distributed across Florida and beyond. The magazine both promoted and documented the land boom in Florida.
Li Andersson

**Li Sigrid Andersson** (born 13 May 1987) is a Finnish politician. She was the Minister of Education from 2019 to 2023. She has been the leader of the Left Alliance since 2016. She has been a Member of Parliament since 2015.

In September 2023, Andersson announced her candidacy for President of Finland in the 2024 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Li Andersson
- **image**: Li Andersson (Li Andersson3) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Andersson in 2022
- **office**: Minister of Education (Finland), Minister of Education
- **primeminister**: Sanna Marin
- **predecessor1**: Sanni Grahn-Laasonen
- **predecessor**: Jussi Saramo
- **successor**: Anna-Maja Henriksson
- **successor1**: Jussi Saramo
- **office2**: Leader of the Left Alliance (Finland), Left Alliance
- **predecessor2**: Paavo Arhinmäki
- **office3**: Finnish Parliament, Member of the Finnish Parliament
- **constituency3**: Varsinais-Suomi (constituency), Varsinais-Suomi
- **birth name**: Li Sigrid Andersson
- **birth place**: Turku, Southwest Finland, Finland
- **children**: 1
- **party**: Left Alliance (Finland), Left Alliance
- **alma mater**: Åbo Akademi University (Bachelor of Social Sciences, BSS)
- **website**: https://liandersson.fi/
Jussi Halla-aho

**Jussi Kristian Halla-aho** (; born 27 April 1971) is a Finnish politician. He is the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland since 2023. Halla-aho has served as a member of the Parliament of Finland from 2011 to 2014 and again since 2019. He was the leader of the Finns Party from 10 June 2017 to 14 August 2021.

Between 2014 and 2019, he was a member of the European Parliament. He is a candidate for President of Finland in the 2024 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jussi Halla-aho
- **image**: Houses of the Oireachtas - Finland (53220593050) (cropped).jpg
- **office1**: Speaker of the Parliament of Finland
- **term start1**: 21 June 2023
- **predecessor1**: Petteri Orpo
- **office2**: Leader of the Finns Party
- **term start2**: 10 June 2017
- **term end2**: 14 August 2021
- **predecessor2**: Timo Soini
- **successor2**: Riikka Purra
- **office3**: Member of Parliament
for Helsinki (electoral district), Helsinki
- **term start3**: 3 July 2019
- **term start4**: 19 April 2011
- **term end4**: 30 June 2014
- **successor4**: Mika Raatikainen
- **office5**: Member of the European Parliament
for Finland (European Parliament constituency), Finland
- **term start5**: 1 July 2014
- **term end5**: 2 July 2019
- **birth name**: Jussi Kristian Halla-aho
- **birth place**: Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
- **party**: Finns Party
- **spouse**: Hilla Halla-aho
- **children**: 5
- **alma mater**: University of Helsinki
- **caption**: Halla-aho in 2023
Jutta Urpilainen

**Jutta Pauliina Urpilainen** (born 4 August 1975) is a Finnish politician. She was the first female chair of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, which she led from 2008 to 2014. She was the Minister of Finance as well as the Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2011 to 2014. She is the European Commissioner for International Partnerships since 2019. She is a candidate for President of Finland in the 2024 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jutta Urpilainen
- **image**: Jutta Urpilainen (cropped).jpg
- **office**: European Commissioner for International Partnerships
- **president**: Ursula von der Leyen
- **term start**: 1 December 2019

- **predecessor**: Neven Mimica
- **office1**: Deputy Prime Minister of Finland
- **primeminister1**: Jyrki Katainen
- **term start1**: 22 June 2011
- **term end1**: 6 June 2014
- **predecessor1**: Jyrki Katainen
- **successor1**: Antti Rinne
- **office2**: Minister of Finance (Finland), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister2**: Jyrki Katainen
- **term start2**: 22 June 2011
- **term end2**: 6 June 2014
- **predecessor2**: Jyrki Katainen
- **successor2**: Antti Rinne
- **office3**: Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, Social Democratic Party
- **term start3**: 6 June 2008
- **term end3**: 9 May 2014
- **predecessor3**: Eero Heinäluoma
- **successor3**: Antti Rinne
- **office4**: Member of the Parliament of Finland
- **term start4**: 19 March 2003
- **term end4**: 30 November 2019
- **constituency4**: Vaasa
- **birth place**: Lapua, Finland
- **party**: Social Democratic Party of Finland, Social Democratic Party
- **otherparty**: Party of European Socialists
- **spouse**: Juha Mustonen
- **education**: University of Jyväskylä
- **children**: 2
Sari Essayah

**Sari Miriam Essayah** (born 21 February 1967) is a Finnish retired racewalker and a politician. She has been a member of the Parliament of Finland since 2015. She is the president of the Finnish Christian Democrats party. She is the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry since 2023.

She competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics, coming in 4th and 16th place respectively.

In 2016, Essayah became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and she has been a member of the Ethics Committee, Finnish Athletics Association since 2014.

Essayah ran for President of Finland in the 2012 election, coming in last place. She is running again in the 2024 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sari Essayah
- **image**: Sari-Essayah-01 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Essayah in 2023.
- **birth place**: Haukivuori, Finland
- **party**: Christian Democrats (Finland), Christian Democrats
- **spouse**: Robert Knapp
- **office**: Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland), Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
- **primeminister**: Petteri Orpo
- **term start**: 20 June 2023
- **predecessor**: Antti Kurvinen
- **office1**: Christian Democrats (Finland), Leader of the Christian Democrats
- **term start1**: 28 August 2015
- **predecessor1**: Päivi Räsänen
- **office2**: Member of the Parliament of Finland
- **term start2**: 28 April 2015
- **office3**: Member of the European Parliament
- **term start3**: 1 July 2009
- **term end3**: 1 July 2014
Bob Ferguson (politician)

**Robert Watson Ferguson** (born February 23, 1965) is an American lawyer and politician who has been the 24th Governor of Washington since 2025. He was the 18th attorney general of Washington from 2013 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

In 2017, Ferguson was included on the annual _Time_ 100 list of the most influential people in the world.

In September 2023, Ferguson announced that he is a candidate for Governor of Washington in the 2024 election. He won the election in November 2024, defeating former U.S. Representative Dave Reichert.

Ferguson is an internationally rated chess master. He has twice won the Washington State Chess Championship.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bob Ferguson
- **image**: Bob Ferguson at his 2023 Shrimp Feed 02 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ferguson in 2023
- **order**: 24th Governor of Washington
- **lieutenant**: Denny Heck
- **term start**: January 15, 2025
- **predecessor**: Jay Inslee
- **office1**: 18th Attorney General of Washington
- **governor1**: Jay Inslee
- **term start1**: January 16, 2013
- **term end1**: January 15, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Rob McKenna
- **successor1**: Nicholas W. Brown (lawyer), Nick Brown
- **office2**: Chair of the King County Council
- **term start2**: November 24, 2009
- **term end2**: January 16, 2013
- **predecessor2**: Dow Constantine
- **successor2**: Larry Gossett
- **office3**: Member of the King County Council
- **term start3**: January 1, 2004
- **term end3**: January 16, 2013
- **predecessor3**: Cynthia Sullivan
- **successor3**: Rod Dembowski
- **constituency3**: 2nd district (2004–2006)
1st district (2006–2013)
- **birth name**: Robert Watson Ferguson
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Colleen Ferguson
- **children**: 2
- **residence**: Washington Governor's Mansion, Governor's Mansion
- **education**: University of Washington (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
New York University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Norm Dicks

**Norman DeValois Dicks** (born December 16, 1940) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the U.S. representative for , between 1977 and 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Norm Dicks
- **image**: Norm Dicks.jpg
- **state**: Washington (state), Washington
- **term start**: January 3, 1977
- **term end**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor**: Floyd Hicks
- **successor**: Derek Kilmer
- **birth name**: Norman DeValois Dicks
- **birth place**: Bremerton, Washington, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of Washington (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD)
2024 Haneda Airport runway collision

On 2 January 2024, Japan Airlines Flight 516 was involved in an accident when it collided with a Japan Coast Guard aircraft while landing at Haneda Airport in Tokyo. Both planes caught fire after the impact. On the Japan Airlines plane, all of the 379 people on board got out safely. The Japan Coast Guard plane had 6 people, but 5 of them died, leaving 1 survivor. In total, 380 people survived. This is the first major accident and hull loss of an Airbus A350.

## Aircraft and crew

The Japan Airlines plane involved was an Airbus A350-941, registration JA13XJ, made in 2021, with two Rolls-Royce engines. The Japan Coast Guard plane was a De Havilland Canada Dash 8, registered as JA722A.

## Accident

Japan Airlines Flight 516 left New Chitose Airport in Sapporo at 16:27 JST, and around 17:47, it collided with a Japan Coast Guard Dash 8 while landing at Haneda Airport. The Coast Guard plane was getting ready to deliver supplies to Niigata after the 2024 Noto earthquake.

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: 2024 Haneda Airport runway collision

- **image**: Japan Airlines 516 JA13XJ wreckage.jpg
- **caption**: Wreckage of JA13XJ, the aircraft involved in the accident, a day after the crash
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **summary**: Runway collision during landing
- **site**: Haneda Airport, Tokyo, Japan
- **plane1 image**: Japan Airlines JA13XJ A350-941 RJFF.jpg
- **plane1 caption**: JA13XJ, the Japan Airlines Airbus A350 involved, pictured in April 2023
- **aircraft type**: Airbus A350-900, Airbus A350-941
- **operator**: Japan Airlines
- **tail number**: JA13XJ
- **origin**: New Chitose Airport, Sapporo, Japan
- **destination**: Haneda Airport, Tokyo, Japan
- **passengers**: 367
- **crew**: 12
- **fatalities**: 0
- **injuries**: 17
- **survivors**: 379
- **plane2 image**: Japan Coast Guard DHC-8Q-315 JA722A.jpg
- **plane2 caption**: JA722A, the Japan Coast Guard Dash 8 involved in the accident, pictured in 2021
- **plane2 type**: De Havilland Canada Dash 8, DHC-8-315 Dash 8
- **plane2 operator**: Japan Coast Guard
- **plane2 tailnum**: JA722A
- **plane2 origin**: Haneda Airport, Tokyo, Japan
- **plane2 destination**: Niigata Airport, Niigata, Japan
- **plane2 crew**: 6
- **plane2 injuries**: 1
- **plane2 survivors**: 1
- **plane2 fatalities**: 5
- **iata**: JL516
- **icao**: JAL516
- **occupants**: 379
Strange Fruit

"**Strange Fruit**" is a song written by Abel Meeropol and recorded by Billie Holiday in 1939. The song protests the lynching of Black Americans in the South and reached its peak in the early 20th century. The song has been a declaration and the beginning of the civil rights movement. Holiday's version of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1978. It has been covered by a number of artists over the years including Nina Simone in 1965.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Strange Fruit
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Billie Holiday
- **b-side**: Fine and Mellow
- **released**: 1939
- **recorded**: April 20, 1939
- **genre**: *Blues
*jazz
- **length**: 3:02
- **label**: Commodore Records, Commodore
- **writer**: Abel Meeropol
- **producer**: Milt Gabler
- **prev title**: I'm Gonna Lock My Heart
- **prev year**: 1938
- **next title**: God Bless the Child
- **next year**: 1942
Circle of competence

A **circle of competence** is the subject area that is a person or group's skills or expertise.

The circle of competence can be determined by many factors, including their profession, spending habits, and the types of products they normally use.

The "circle of competence," a term popularized by Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger.

Your circle of competence encompasses the areas where you possess useful knowledge and experience, giving you an edge.

It emphasizes investing or making decisions within your zone of expertise, rather than venturing into areas where your knowledge is limited.

By staying within your circle of competence, you can make better decisions, reduce risks, and increase your chances of success.

Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger view it as a mental model, a codified form of business acumen, concerning the investment strategy of limiting one's financial investments in areas where an individual may have limited understanding or experience, while concentrating in areas where they have a high level of understanding.
Japan Coast Guard

The  is the coast guard of Japan.

The Japan Coast Guard has about 13,700 personnel and is responsible for the protection of the coastline of Japan. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is in charge of the coast guard. The Japan Coast Guard was founded in 1948.

The motto of the Japan Coast Guard is .

## Infobox (law enforcement agency)

- **agencyname**: Japan Coast Guard
- **abbreviation**: JCG
- **logocaption**: logo
- **badge**: Japan Coast Guard racing stripe.svg
- **badgecaption**: S-Mark
- **flag**: Ensign of the Japanese Coast Guard.svg
- **flagcaption**: Japan Coast Guard ensign
- **governingbody**: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
- **mottotranslated**: _Righteous Benevolence_
- **formed**: (as the Maritime Safety Agency)
  (as the Japan Coast Guard)
- **employees**: 13,744
- **budget**: 210,601,000,000 yen
- **country**: Japan
- **national**: Yes
- **legaljuris**: Maritime law enforcement within Japan's Exclusive economic zone of Japan, EEZ
- **headquarters**: Tokyo, Japan
- **minister1pfo**: General Secretary
- **chief1name**: Takahiro Okushima
- **chief1position**: Commandant
- **child1agency**: Japan Coast Guard Academy
- **stationtype**: Numbered Regions
- **stations**: 11
- **boat1type**: Ships
- **boats1**: 379
- **aircraft1type**: Fixed Wing
- **aircraft1**: 26
- **aircraft2type**: Rotary Wing
- **aircraft2**: 46
- **website**: [https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/index.html Official Site]
 [https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/index_e.html Official Site]
Ankusha

The ankusha, bullhook, or elephant goad is a tool employed by mahout consists of a hook (usually bronze or steel) which is attached.
Cherelle Parker

**Cherelle Lesley Parker** (born September 10, 1972) is an American politician who has served as the 100th Mayor of Philadelphia since 2024. She is the first woman to hold the office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cherelle Parker
- **image**: Councilmember Cherelle Parker.jpg
- **office**: 100th Mayor of Philadelphia
- **term start**: January 1, 2024
- **predecessor**: Jim Kenney
- **office1**: Member of the Philadelphia City Council
from the 9th district
- **term start1**: January 4, 2016
- **term end1**: September 7, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Marian B. Tasco
- **successor1**: Anthony Phillips
- **state house2**: Pennsylvania
- **district2**: Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 200, 200th
- **term end2**: December 31, 2015
- **term start2**: September 13, 2005
- **successor2**: Tonyelle Cook-Artis
- **predecessor2**: LeAnna Washington
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **children**: 1
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), Lincoln University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
University of Pennsylvania (Master of Public Administration, MPA)
Mike Johnston (Colorado politician)

**Michael Christopher Johnston** (born November 17, 1974) is an American educator and politician. He is the 46th and current mayor of Denver, Colorado since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Johnston was a member of the Colorado Senate from 2009 to 2017. He was a candidate for Governor of Colorado in 2018, losing in the primary to Jared Polis. He was also a candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2020, before withdrawing from the race in September 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mike Johnston
- **image**: Michael Johnston (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 46th List of mayors of Denver, Mayor of Denver
- **term start**: July 17, 2023
- **predecessor**: Michael Hancock (politician), Michael Hancock
- **state senate1**: Colorado
- **district1**: 33rd
- **term start1**: May 29, 2009
- **term end1**: January 11, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Peter Groff
- **successor1**: Angela Williams (politician), Angela Williams
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Yale University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD)
Harvard University (Master of Education, MEd)