juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Children's Day (Japan)

in Japan is celebrated on May 5.  It has been a national holiday in Japan since 1948. Children's Day is one of a group of national holidays called _Golden Week_.

## History

Since the 8th century, it was traditional to have special days for children twice a year—March 3 for girls and May 5 for boys.

## Related pages

- Shichi-Go-San
- Hinamatsuri
Plastic Man

**Plastic Man** (real name **Patrick **"**Eel**"** O'Brian**) is a fictional comic-book superhero, with the ability to shift his body into any shape or form, created by artist Jack Cole. He was published by Quality Comics first and then later by DC Comics.

Plastic Man first appeared in August 1941. After being shot by an acid bullet, his fellow burglar partners left him for dead without hesitation. This angered him and caused him to become a crime fighter. The acid from the bullet caused a chemical reaction inside of him that allows his body to take on any shape or form, even ones with moving parts.
Japanese Imperial year

or "National calendar year" is a unique calendar system in Japan.  It is based on the legendary founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC.

_Kōki_ emphasizes the long history of Japan and the Imperial dynasty.

## History

The Summer Olympics and Tokyo Expo were planned as anniversary events in 1940 (_Kōki 2600_); but the international games were not held because of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) used the _Kōki_ system for identification.  For example,
- The IJA's Type 92 battalion gun was called "ninety-two" because its design was completed in 1932; and the 25**92**nd year since the first Emperor of Japan was 1932 (_Kōki 25**92***).
- The Mitsubishi A6M Zero was called the "Zero" because it entered service in 1940 (_Kōki 26**00***).

In Japan today, the system of counting years from the reign of Emperor Jimmu has been abandoned.

## Related pages

- Japanese calendar
- Japanese era names

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"
Sagrada Família

The **Sagrada Familia** (full name ****) is a large Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was designed by architect Antoni Gaudi (1852–1926).

Although it is not finished, the church is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In November 2010 it was consecrated (dedicated to a special purpose) and made a minor basilica by Pope Benedict XVI.

Building of the Sagrada Familia began in 1882. Gaudi started working on it in 1883. He took over the project, and changed it with his ideas on architecture and engineering.

Gaudi worked on it until he died. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the building was finished. The Sagrada Familia's building was slow. It needed private donations (people giving money to it). It was stopped by the Spanish Civil War—only to start again in the 1950s. Building was more than halfway done after 2010. Some of the project's biggest problems still remain.

On 30 October 2025, Sagrada Família became the world's tallest church after a part of its central tower was lifted into place and reached 162.91 m, surpassing Ulm Minster (161.53 m). The central tower was completed and reached its full height of 172.5 m on 20 February 2026. It is exactly one metre lower than the Montserrat Hill in Barcelona. Gaudí said: "My works shall not exceed those of Lord".

## Other websites

- Official website of the Construction Board of La Sagrada Família Foundation
- Gaudí and Sagrada Família Barcelona
- Sagrada Familia at Great Buildings
- Journal of Sagrada Familia – Erke Blog
- La Sagrada Familia in" Gaudidesigner" web site.

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **part of**: Works of Antoni Gaudí
- **id**: 320-005
- **year**: 2005
- **criteria**: Cultural: i, ii, iv


## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Basílica de la Sagrada Família
- **image**: Σαγράδα Φαμίλια 2941.jpg
- **caption**: Nativity façade in August 2017
- **location**: Barcelona, Spain
- **religious affiliation**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholic
- **district**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona, Barcelona
- **consecration year**:
 by Pope Benedict XVI, Benedict XVI
- **status**: Minor basilica
- **functional status**: Active/under construction
- **heritage designation**: 1969, 1984
- **leadership**: Juan José Omella, Juan José Cardinal Omella, Archbishop of Barcelona
- **architect**: Antoni Gaudí
- **architecture style**: Spanish Gothic architecture, Gothic and Modernisme
- **general contractor**: Construction Board of La Sagrada Família Foundation
- **facade direction**: Southeast
- **year completed**: 2026 (planned)
- **capacity**: 9,000
- **spire quantity**: 18 (8 already built)
- **spire height**: (planned)
Canet gun

The **Canet guns** were designed by Gustave Canet (1846-1913) for Schneider et Cie.

## Naval artillery

Schneider was successful in sales to the Empire of Japan.

The guns supplied to Japan equipped the cruisers , , and .

The guns were used during the First Sino-Japanese War.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
Boxcar

A **boxcar** is a railroad car that is enclosed and used to carry freight. Boxcars have side doors of varying size and operation. Some boxcars have end doors and adjustable bulkheads to load very large items.
Gertrude Chandler Warner

**Gertrude Chandler Warner** (16 April 1890 - 29 August 1979) was an American writer. She wrote the popular _Boxcar Children_ books. She was criticized for showing children with little parental supervision. Her critics thought that this would cause child rebellion. She was born in Putnam, Connecticut.

## Other websites

- About Gertrude Chandler Warner
- Article about the Gertrude Warner Museum
- Biography of Warner and information about _Boxcar Children_
- http://tinytownbooksandtoys.com/1924-vintage-boxcar-children-book.php
Norwich School

**Norwich School** (before called **King Edward VI’s Grammar School**) is a co-ed (girls and boys) private school in Norwich, England. It is one of the oldest schools in the world, going back to at least 1096. Norwich School has one of the best academic records in East Anglia. _The Daily Telegraph_ ranked the school's A-Level results as 74th in 2006, 55th in 2007 and 80th in 2008 amongst independent schools in the UK. In each case, the rank was the highest in Norfolk and Suffolk.

The school used to be for boys only. It began admitting girls below the Sixth Form in September 2008. All year groups had girls in them by September 2010.

Norwich School is an Anglican school. It has a long relationship with Norwich Cathedral, which it uses for morning assemblies and some annual events. Many famous people were taught at Norwich School, like Horatio Nelson, who has a house named after him.

There are eight houses: Brooke, Coke, Seagrim, Nelson, Parker, Repton, School and Valpy.

## Infobox (uk school)

- **name**: Norwich School
- **latitude**: 52.6318
- **longitude**: 1.2993
- **dms**: dms
- **motto**: _Praemia Virtutis Honores_
<small>(Honours are the rewards of virtue)</small>
- **established**: 1096
<small>(Traceable history)</small>
1547
<small>(Refoundation)</small>
- **type**: Independent school (UK), Independent, co-educational day school
- **head label**: Headmaster
- **head**: SDA Griffiths
- **chair label**: Chairman of Governors
- **chair**: PJE Smith FIA
- **founder**: Herbert de Losinga,
Edward VI, King Edward VI
- **city**: Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- **staff**: About 140 full-time
- **enrollment**: About 1,000
- **lower age**: 7
- **upper age**: 18
- **houses**: Brooke, Coke, Nelson, Parker, Repton, School, Seagrim, Valpy
- **colours**: Royal Red and Royal Blue
- **free label 2**: Former pupils
- **free 2**: Old Norvicensians
- **free label 3**: Affiliations
- **free 3**: Church of England
- **website**: http://www.norwich-school.org.uk/
- **website name**: norwich-school.org.uk
Christina Perri

**Christina Judith Perri** (born August 19, 1986) is an American singer, musician and songwriter. She is from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her song "Jar of Hearts" became a hit in the United States. It has been used on the FOX network programs _So You Think You Can Dance_ and _Glee_ and the ABC Family series _Switched at Birth_. Another of her songs, "A Thousand Years", was used in the movie _Twilight: Breaking Dawn_.

## Personal life

Perri was born in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia.  She attended Archbishop Ryan High School, a Roman Catholic high school in the Far Northeast section of Philadelphia.  She married Paul Costabile on December 12, 2017. Their daughter, Carmella Stanley Costabile, was born January 17, 2018.

In March 2019, Perri revealed she had maintained sobriety for seven years.

## Albums

- _Headstrong._ (2011)
- _A Very Merry Perri Christmas_ (2012)
- _Head or Heart_ (2014)
- _songs for carmella: lullabies & sing-a-longs_ (2019)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Christina Perri
- **image**: Christina Perri 2.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **caption**: Perri in 2013
- **birth name**: Christina Judith Perri
- **birth place**: Bensalem, Pennsylvania, USA
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
Prince Albert Raiders

The **Prince Albert Raiders** are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1964. The team currently plays in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan at the Art Hauser Centre. The team started in 1971 and played in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League where they were one of the most successful Tier II franchises in Canada. They won the Tier II national championship, the Manitoba Centennial Trophy, 4 times in a six-year span from 1977 to 1982. They moved up to the WHL in 1982. They won a Memorial Cup in 1985.

## Other websites

- Official website
Jorge Lorenzo

**Jorje Lorenzo Guerrrero** (born 4 May 1987) is a Spanish motorcyclist. He was the world champion in MotoGP in 2010. In 2008, Lorenzo signed a contract with the official Yamaha team. He was the partner of seven-time world champion, Valentino Rossi. In the Portugal championship, Lorenzo got his first victory in MotoGP.
On 10 October 2010, in Malaysia, Jorge was proclaimed world champion of MotoGP.
Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer

is an armored artillery vehicle used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).

## History

Komatsu developed the chassis; and Japan Steel Works made the turret.

The howitzer was accepted for service or "standardised" in 1974.

Type 74s are used by the 2nd Artillery Regiment at Asahikawa, Hokkaido.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of howitzers

## Other websites

- OnWar.com, Type 74

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer
- **image**: Type74SPHleftfront.jpg
- **caption**: Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer
- **origin**: Japan
- **type**: Self-propelled howitzer
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **is vehicle**: yes
- **service**: 1975 - present
- **used by**: Japan
- **design date**: 1969-1974
- **production date**: 1975-1978
- **number**: 20
- **crew**: 4
- **cartridge**: separate-loading
- **traverse**: 360°
- **armour**: aluminum
- **primary armament**: 1x 105 mm JSW howitzer
- **secondary armament**: 1x M2 Browning machine gun, 12.7 mm M-2HB machine gun
- **engine**: Mitsubishi 4ZF 4-cylinder diesel
- **transmission**: manual
- **pw ratio**: 18.4 hp/t
- **suspension**: torsion bar
- **vehicle range**: 300 km (185 mi)
Bellver Castle

**Bellver Castle** (_bellver_ in Castilian means "good view") is a castle that was built by order of King Jaime II for use as a residence of the kings of Mallorca.
The castle is built at  above sea level.
Today it belongs to the City Council of Palma de Mallorca and it is the Museum of the History of the city of Palma. It is open to the public.

Its uses include:
- Refuge to the Turkish landings.
- Military Prison
- Military fortress during the Rebellion of Germanias
- Shelter from the epidemic of plague.

Bellver Castle was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

## Other websites

- Imágenes del Castillo de Bellver
- Castillo de Bellver en la página del Ayuntamiento de Palma de Mallorca
- Artículo en MallorcaWeb  (en mallorquín)
- Vista aérea del castillo en la página web del Ayuntamiento de Palma
- Vista del Castillo de Bellver en Google Maps
- Castillo de Bellver en castillosnet.org

## Infobox (military structure)

- **name**: Bellver Castle
- **location**: Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- **latitude**: 39.56375
- **longitude**: 2.619338
- **image**: Castillo de Bellver.jpg
- **caption**: Aerial view of the castle
- **built**: 1311
- **builder**: Pere Salvà
- **materials**: Marès
- **ownership**: Palma de Mallorca City Council
Philosophy of the World

***Philosophy of the World*** is the first album by The Shaggs. It was released in 1969 by Third Word Records. At the time, it was considered to be one of the worst albums. It was rereleased in 1980 by Red Rooster Records/Rounder Records after the band NRBQ found it at a Massachusetts radio station in 1978, and has been a cult and influential album ever since.

Recording of the album was financed by Austin Wiggin, father of the Wiggin Sisters.

## Track list

All songs written & composed by Dorothy Wiggin.

1. "Philosophy of the World" – 2:56
1. "That Little Sports Car" – 2:06
1. "Who Are Parents?" – 2:58
1. "My Pal Foot Foot" – 2:31
1. "My Companion" – 2:04
1. "I'm So Happy When You're Near" – 2:12
1. "Things I Wonder" – 2:12
1. "Sweet Thing" – 2:57
1. "It's Halloween" – 2:22
1. "Why Do I Feel?" – 3:57
1. "What Should I Do?" – 2:18
1. "We Have a Savior" – 3:06
Type 96 150 mm howitzer

The , also known as a "15-cm" gun, was a howitzer used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).

This artillery piece was designed to replace the Type 4 150 mm howitzer in front line combat. Type 96s fired the same ammunition as the Type 4s.

## History

Type 96s began to be built in 1937. A total of 440 units were produced.  A medium artillery regiment had 24 Type 96s.

## Combat record

The Type 96 15 cm howitzer was used in the Second Sino-Japanese War and in World War II.  The 96s were among Japan's most used artillery weapons.

One of the Type 96s is preserved at the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of howitzers

## Other websites

- Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
- US Technical Manual E 30-480

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 96 150 mm Howitzer
- **image**: Japanese Type 96 15 cm Howitzer.jpg
- **caption**: Type 96 150 mm Howitzer
- **type**: Howitzer
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1937–1945
- **used by**: Imperial Japanese Army
- **wars**: Second Sino-Japanese War
Soviet-Japanese Border Wars
World War II
- **number**: 440
- **rate**: 3–4 rpm
- **velocity**: 540 m/s (1,772 ft/s)
- **max range**: 11,900 m (13,014 yd)
- **sights**: panoramic
- **carriage**: split trail
- **elevation**: -5 to +65 degrees
- **traverse**: 30°
Type 89 150 mm cannon

, also known as a "15-cm" gun, was a cannon of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).

This was one of the main guns of the IJA heavy artillery units.

## History

Type 89s were used in the Second Sino-Japanese War and in World War II.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of field guns

## Other websites

- Type 89 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 89 150 mm cannon
- **image**: Model_89_15cm_heavy_gun_Japan.jpg
- **origin**: Japan
- **type**: Type 89 150 mm cannon
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1929-1945
- **used by**: Japan
- **wars**: Second Sino-Japanese War, Sino-Japanese War, World War II
- **production date**: 1929
- **number**: 150
- **cartridge**: HE, APHE, Shrapnel, Illumination
- **rate**: 2 rpm
- **breech**: Interrupted screw
- **recoil**: hydro-pneumatic
- **carriage**: box trail
- **elevation**: -5° to +43°
- **traverse**: 40°
GRB 970228

**GRB 970228** was a gamma-ray burst (GRB). It was the first GRB which had an afterglow. It was seen on 28 February 1997. Since 1993, scientists had predicted GRBs to be followed by afterglows. But, until this event, GRBs had only been seen in very bright bursts of high-energy gamma rays.

The burst had several peaks in its light curve. It lasted around 80 seconds. The light curve was not normal. This suggested that a supernova may have happened as well. GRB 970228 happened in the same place as a galaxy about 8.1 billion light-years away. This means that GRBs happen outside the Milky Way.

## Cause

Reichart showed that the light curve of GRB 970228 could only have been caused by a supernova. Definitive evidence linking gamma-ray bursts and supernovae was eventually found in the spectrum of GRB 020813, and the afterglow of GRB 030329. However, supernova-like features only become apparent in the weeks following a burst, leaving the possibility that very early luminosity variations could be explained by dust echoes.

## Other websites

- Gamma-ray Burst 970228
- BeppoSAX follow-up observations of the region of the Gamma-ray burst GRB 970228

## Infobox (astronomical event)

- **epoch**: J2000
Ferran Adrià

**Ferran Adrià Acosta** (b. May 14, 1962) is a Spanish chef. He was born in l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia. Adria started out washing dishes at a restaurant in the town of Castelldefels. There the chef taught him the basics. He then worked at different restaurants before becoming assistant chef at the Barcelona restaurant, Finisterre. Now Adriá is the chef at El Bulli, a restaurant on the coast of Catalonia. In 1997, El Bulli got its third Michelin star. It was one of only three restaurants in Spain with this ranking.

Adria is considered one of the best chefs in the world.

## Other websites

- Great Chefs Biography
- About.com Biography
- Interview with The Guardian
Murray Waxman

**Murray Waxman** (born July 10, 1925 in Toronto, Ontario) is a retired Canadian basketball player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Canadian basketball team, which finished eighth in the Olympic tournament.

## Other websites

- Murray Waxman  at basketball-reference.com
Imperial Japanese Navy

, also known as **IJN**,  was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947.

The IJN was created in 1868 by the Meiji Restoration. It won against larger navies in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) World War 1 (1914-1918) Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) World War 2 (1941-1945) and was dissolved.

## Legacy

Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan prohibits the use of aggressive force as a means for settling international disputes.

In order to defend Japan, if necessary, the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) was formed.

The ocean-reach of JSDF is the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

## Related pages

- Imperial Japanese Army

## Other websites

- AxisHistory.com, Japanese Navy
- CombinedFleet.com, Imperial Japanese Navy Page
- KamikazeImages, Etajima Museum of Naval History
- NavalHistory.net, Imperial Japanese Navy Awards of the Golden Kite in World War II
- NavalHistory.net, Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I
Vilmantas Dilys

**Vilmantas Dilys** (born October 6, 1987, Utena, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player who plays for Lietuvos Rytas.
He is 2.08 m tall and can play both power forward and small forward positions.
Space Coast

The **Space Coast** is a region in the U.S. state of Florida around the Kennedy Space Center. The region includes the cities  Titusville, Cocoa, Rockledge, Cape Canaveral, Merritt Island, Cocoa Beach, Melbourne and Palm Bay. The most of the area lies within Brevard County.
Homologous chromosome

**Homologous chromosomes** are the pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism. They are the chromosomes which pair during meiosis.

With the exception of the sex chromosomes, each pair has the gene loci in the same positions on each chromosome, and the centromere in the same position. They are not genetically identical because they will usually have different alleles (versions of a gene) at some of the loci.

The most important fact is that homologous chromosomes physically pair for meiosis, the cell division which produces the gametes. During this pairing, crossing over takes place between chromatids of each pair. This exchange of alleles means the offspring are not identical to each other, or to either parent. In other words, the process increases the genetic variation in the population.

Sex chromosomes only pair along those parts where there is similar genetic material (loci) on both members of the pair.
Tonight's the Night

**Tonight's the Night** could refer to one of several things:

## Movies

- _Tonight's the Night_ (1934 movie), a 1934 British movie starring Leslie Fuller
- An alternative title for the 1954 movie _Happy Ever After_

## Musicals

- _To-Night's the Night_ (musical) (1914)
- _Tonight's the Night_ (2003 musical), written by Ben Elton, featuring the music of Rod Stewart

## Albums

- _Tonight's the Night_ (The Shirelles album) (1961), featuring the hit "Will You Love Me Tomorrow".
- _Tonight's the Night_ (Neil Young album) (1975)

## Songs

- "Tonight Is the Night" (song), a dance song recorded by Outasight in 2011.
- "Tonight's the Night" (song), a R&B song recorded by The Shirelles in 1961.
- "Tonight's the Night" (Little Birdy song), a Little Birdy song
- "Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)", a song by Rod Stewart.
- "Tonight's the Night", cover by Janet Jackson on her album _The Velvet Rope_.
- "Tonight's the Night", a rock and roll song from _Rock 'n' Roll Stage Show_ (1956) by Bill Haley & His Comets
- "Tonight's the Night", from _Tonight's the Night_ (Neil Young album).
- "Tonight Is the Night", an R&B song recorded by Betty Wright in 1974.
- "Tonight's the Night", a 2006 dance song by Gina G.
- "Tonight's the Night", a song by Pink from her album _Try This_.
- "Tonight Is the Night (That You Make Me a Woman)", a 1975 R&B song by Betty Wright.
- "Tonight's the Night! (You Are Miss USA)", an opening number at Miss USA 1995 pageant
- "Tonite's tha Night", a song by Kriss Kross from their third album.

## Television

- _Tonight's the Night_ (movie), a 1954 movie starring David Niven
- _Tonight's the Night_ (TV series), a 2009 BBC series
- "Tonight's the Night", an episode of the sitcom _Grounded for Life_.
- "Tonight's the Night" (_Popular_ episode) (1999) from the television show
- First line of Showtime's 2006 TV series Dexter
Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun

was a field gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).

This artillery piece went into service in 1908.

## History

Type 41s were  lighter versions of the Type 38 75 mm field gun. Type 41s were the primary weapon of artillery units which were part of cavalry regiments.

## Combat record

Type 95s were used in the Second Sino-Japanese War and in World War II.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of field guns

## Other websites

- Type 41 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun
- **image**: Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun.jpg
- **caption**: Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun
- **origin**: Japan
- **type**: field gun
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1908-1945
- **wars**: World War I, 2nd Sino-Japanese War, World War II
- **part length**: L/29.27
- **caliber**: 75 mm (2.95 in)
- **velocity**: 510 m/s (1,673 ft/s)
- **carriage**: fixed trail
- **elevation**: -8° to +16° 30'
- **traverse**: 6° 60'
Kelowna Rockets

The **Kelowna Rockets** are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1991. The team currently plays in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kelowna, British Columbia at the Prospera Place. The team originally played in Tacoma, Washington as the _Tacoma Rockets_ from 1991 to 1995 until relocating to Kelowna. They have won 3 Ed Chynoweth Cups and 1 Memorial Cup.

## Other websites

- Official website
Prince George Cougars

The **Prince George Cougars** are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1994. The team currently plays in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Prince George, British Columbia at the CN Centre. They were originally known as the _Victoria Cougars_ from 1971 to 1994 before relocating to Prince George in 1994. Their most successful playoff run was in the 2006–07 WHL season when they swept Kamloops Blazers and defeated the Everett Silvertips but were defeated in conference finals to the Vancouver Giants.

## Other websites

- Official website
Prince George, British Columbia

**Prince George** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia.

The population of Prince George was 76,708 in 2021. The mayor of Prince George is Simon Yu. It is nicknamed the "BC's Northern Capital" because it is the largest city in northern British Columbia. However, it isn't actually in the northern half of British Columbia. It is named after King George V and Prince George, Duke of Kent.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: City of Prince George
- **image skyline**: 2017-05-05-PrinceGeorge.jpg
- **imagesize**: 260px
- **image caption**: A view of Prince George from University hill
- **image flag**: Flag of Prince George, British Columbia.svg
- **motto**: "Shaping a Northern Destiny"
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Prince George in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional district
- **subdivision name2**: Regional District of Fraser–Fort George, Fraser–Fort George
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1807
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: March 6, 1915
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Simon Yu
- **leader title1**: Governing body
- **leader name1**: Prince George City Council
- **area total km2**: 318.26
- **elevation m**: 575
- **population total**: 76,708
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 242.2
- **population metro**: 89,490
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas, Forward sortation area
- **postal code**: List of V postal codes of Canada, V2K – V2N
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250, Area code 778, 778, Area code 236, 236, Area code 672, 672
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MPs
- **leader name2**: Todd Doherty (Conservative Party of Canada, CPC)
Bob Zimmer (CPC)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLAs
- **leader name3**: Rosalyn Bird (BC Conservatives, BCC)
Kiel Giddens (BCC)
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −08:00
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −07:00
- **population urban**: 67339
- **area urban km2**: 73.9
Vancouver Giants

The **Vancouver Giants** are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 2001. The team currently plays in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Pacific Coliseum.

The owners of the Giants are businessmen Ron Toigo and Sultan Thiara, Hockey Hall of Fame members Gordie Howe, Pat Quinn, and singer and actor Michael Bublé. The have won 1 Memorial Cup in 2007 and a Ed Chynoweth Cup in 2006.
Victoria Royals

The **Victoria Royals** are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 2011. The team currently plays in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Victoria, British Columbia at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre. They originally played in Chilliwack, British Columbia as the Chilliwack Bruins from 2006 to 2011 before relocating to Victoria in 2011 and becoming the Royals.

## Other websites

- Official website
Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun

**Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun** (Marie Élisabeth Louise; 16 April 1755 – 30 March 1842) was a painter. Her style is considered Rococo with an interest in Neoclassicism. Sometimes, her name is spelled _Vigée-Lebrun_.

She painted more than 30 portraits of Marie Antoinette over a six year period. She was accepted as a member of the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1783. She left France after the arrest of the royal family during the French Revolution. She lived and worked in Italy, Austria, and Russia. Her work met great critical acclaim in Rome. She was elected to the Roman Accademia di San Luca. In Russia, she painted many aristocrats including Catherine the Great's family.  She was made a member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Petersburg.

Vigée Le Brun returned to France during the reign of Emperor Napoleon I. Her relationship with the new regime was not completely harmonious. After all, she was a royalist and the former portraitist of Marie Antoinette. She visited England and painted British notables including Lord Byron. In 1807 she traveled to Switzerland where she was made an honorary member of the Société pour l'Avancement des Beaux-Arts of Geneva. She published her memoirs in 1835 and 1837. She lived in Paris, and died there on 30 March 1842. Vigée Le Brun's legacy includes 660 portraits and 200 landscapes.

## Related pages

- List of French painters

## Other websites

- Large gallery of Vigée LeBrun's work; also articles, Memoirs, biographies
- Artcyclopedia entry on Louise Elisabeth Vigée Le brun
- Vigée-Lebrun's _Portrait of Carlo Gastone della Torre di Rezzonico_ at artnet
- Old Masters: Overlooked Women Artists
- _Memoirs of Madame Vigée Le brun_, translated by Lionel Strachey
- Neil Jeffares, Dictionary of pastellists before 1800, online edition
Snuff movie

A **Snuff movie** is a movie that shows the murder of a person, or a group of people, for the entertainment of the audience. Snuff movies are made to gain money. They do not use special effects. The first such movie was _El Angel de la Muerte_. It is an Argentine horror movie made in 1976. One of the scenes shows how the makers of the movie kill one of the actresses. The English title of the movie was _Snuff_. This turned out to be a marketingploy. The actress was not killed. Today, no real snuff movie is known.

Since the 1970s, the theme has been used by different movements in the United States. These groups usually argue that the government needs to control the media more than it currently does. The last such debate was about happy slapping. The debate is also fueled by violent pornography or videos of executions and murders.
Natalie Horler

**Natalie Christine Horler** (born 23 September 1981 in Bonn, West Germany) is a German-born singer-songwriter of English origin. Her parents, David and Christine Horler, are English. She is the lead singer of the Eurodance dance-pop group Cascada.
Evacuate the Dancefloor

**"Evacuate the Dancefloor"** is a hit song off the album of the same name by German music group Cascada. The single was released as the lead single from the album on June 29, 2009, debuting at #1 on the UK singles chart. It was their third hit song in the United States on many music charts. The song also was also a Top 5 hit in Canada, France and certain other countries.
Madonna del cardellino

The ***Madonna del cardellino*** (***Madonna of the Goldfinch***) is an oil painting by Raphael. It was painted about 15051506. It is known as _Madonna of the Goldfinch_ in English. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy.  The painting has been restored.

The three people form a triangle. The Virgin holds a book. St. John holds a goldfinch. Christ reaches for the bird. Raphael gave the painting to Lorenzo Nasi as a wedding gift. Nasi's house was destroyed by an earthquake in November 1548. The painting broke into several pieces. It was restored, but the damage could still be seen.
Riace bronzes

The ***Bronzi di Riace*** (), sometimes _Riace Warriors_, (460–430 BCE) are two large monumental Greek bronze sculptures. The statues are of nude bearded warriors. It is possible the statues depict two individuals. It is more likely that they represent _types_. Rich Romans were collectors of Greek sculpture. It is probable the two warriors were being transported from their original site in Greece to one in Rome. Since the two warriors share so many similarities, they probably formed part of one Greek monument.

The bronzes were found in the Ionian Sea on 16 August 1972 by Stefano Mariottini. He was on a scuba diving vacation near Reggio Calabria, Italy. The sculptures were found not far from shore at Riace Marina, a village near Porto Foricchio. The area was on an important shipping lane between the ports of Rome and the coastal cities of Greece. The bronzes may have been in an ancient shipwreck. They were either ripped from their moorings or thrown overboard to lighten the load.

The eyes are made of  bone and glass. The teeth are made of silver. The lips and nipples are made of copper. The warriors once held spears and shields. One warrior once wore a helmet pushed up atop his head.   The bronzes are in the Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia in Reggio Calabria.
The Blue Boy

***The Blue Boy*** is an oil painting by Thomas Gainsborough. It was painted about 1770. The boy in the picture might be Jonathan Buttall, the son of a hardware merchant. The boy wears a 17th-century suit. The painting is large. It is 48 inches (1,200 mm) wide by 70 inches (1,800 mm) tall.

The painting belonged to Jonathan Buttall until 1796. It was then sold many times. In 1921 it was sold to an art dealer. An American bought the painting from the dealer. The portrait is now in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. _Pinkie_ is a famous painting which hangs near it.

## References

- Conisbee, Philip. _The Ones That Got Away_, essay from _Saved! 100 Years of the National Art Collection Fund_ (2003, ed. Richard Verdi). London: Scala
- Conlin, Jonathan (2006). _The Nation's Mantelpiece: A history of the National Gallery_. London: Pallas Athene
- Tyler, David. _Jonathan Buttall_ in the _Oxford Dictionary of National Biography_ (2004). Oxford: Oxford University Press
As You Like It

***As You Like It*** is a play by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy.

The play was written in 1599 or early 1600. Shakespeare rarely invented his own plays. He based his plays on stories by other writers. The story he used for _As You Like It_ was _Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacy_ (1590) by Thomas Lodge.

_As You Like It_ may have been first performed in 1603. This is not certain though.  The play was first published in 1623 in the First Folio, a collection of all of Shakespeare's plays.

_As You Like It_ tells the story of a young woman named Rosalind. She has been banished from her uncle's court. Her uncle does not like her because she is gentle, beautiful, witty, and smart. Rosalind decides to live in the Forest of Arden with her cousin Celia and the court jester Touchstone. She dresses like a boy for self-protection. Several scenes involve Rosalind and the people who live in the forest. She is finally united with her sweetheart Orlando.

Some people think the play is not as good as Shakespeare's other plays. Other people think it is a very good play. One of the great speeches in the play begins "All the world's a stage".

The play is a favourite with theatre-goers. Rosalind, Touchstone, and a sour old man named Jacques are three of Shakespeare's greatest characters. The play has been adapted to a radio play, to a television show, and to musical theatre. A movie version of the play made in 1936 stars Laurence Olivier.

## References

- As You Like It

## Other websites

- Text of _As You Like It_, fully edited by David Bevington, as well as original-spelling texts, facsimiles of the 1623 Folio text, and other resources, at the Internet Shakespeare Editions

## Infobox (play)

- **name**: As You Like It
- **image**: First Folio, Shakespeare - 0203.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: The first page of _As You Like It_, from the First Folio
- **writer**: William Shakespeare
- **sources**: _Rosalynde, Euphues Golden Legacy_ (1590) by Thomas Lodge
- **characters**: Rosalind
Orlando
Jacques
Touchstone
- **setting**: Forest of Arden
- **place**: London, England
- **orig lang**: English
- **genre**: Comedy
M110 howitzer

The **M110 howitzer** was the largest available self-propelled howitzer in the United States Army's inventory.

## History

The M110 first entered service with the US Army in 1963. It was retired in the early 1990s.

This artillery piece was exported to many countries, including Egypt, Greece, Iran, Japan, Morocco, Pakistan, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan and Turkey.

## Related pages

- List of howitzers
- Artillery of Japan

## Other websites

- Federation of American Scientists (FAS), M110A2 Self-Propelled Howitzer
- PrimePortal.net, M110 howitzer. walk-around 360° images

## Infobox (weapon)

- **is vehicle**: yes
- **name**: M110 howitzer
- **image**: 203mm Self-Propelled Howitzer M110A2.JPG
- **caption**: M110 howitzer
- **type**: Self-propelled artillery
- **crew**: 13 (Driver, 2 Gunners, 2 Loaders, _(8 Support Crew–Other Vehicle)_)
- **weight**: 28.3 metric tons (62,390 lb)
- **armour**: 13 mm (.51 in)
- **primary armament**: 8" (203 mm) M201A1 Howitzer
 2 Rounds
- **engine**: General Motors 8V71T, 8-cylinder, supercharged diesel
- **engine power**: 405 hp (302 kW)
- **suspension**: Torsion bar
- **vehicle range**: 523 km (325 mi)
Flyball

**Flyball** is a relay race between two teams of dogs. Each team is made up of four dogs and handlers and a ball loader. There are also two reserve dogs and handlers who can be swapped between legs. Each race consists of three legs.
Eishō (Heian period)

was a  after _Kantoku_ and before _Tengi._  This period started in April 1046 and ended in January 1053.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Eishō_ Era

- **1046** (_Eishō 1_): Minamoto no Yorinobu wrote about the spirit of Emperor Ojin and Iwashimizu Hachiman.
- **1048** (_Eishō 3_): Yorinobu died at the age of 81.
- **1051** (_Eishō 6_): In Michinoku, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi was appointed governor; and he was named _chinjufu shōgun._

The 11th reconstruction of the Kasuga Shrine in Nara was finished.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Eishō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1046|1047|1048|1049|1050|1051|1052|
Tengi

was a  after _Eishō_ and before _Kōhei._  This period started in January 1053 and ended in August 1058. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Tengi_ Era

- **1056** (_Tengi 4, 7th-8th months_): A star with the shape of a broom was observed in the east at daybreak.
- **1057** (_Tengi 5, 9th month_): Abe no Yoritoki was killed in battle by a stray arrow.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Tengi|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1053|1054|1055|1056|1057|1058|
Kōhei

was a  after _Tengi_ and before _Jiryaku._  This period started in August 1058 and ended in August 1065. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Kōhei_ Era

- **1060** (_Kōhei 3, 27th day of the 11th month_): A broom star was observed in the south for seven nights.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kōhei|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1058|1059|1060|1061|1062|1063|1064|1065|
Sengoku period

or "Warring States period" in Japanese history was a time in which there was little social or political stability. There was nearly constant military conflict which started in the middle of the 15th century and ended at the end of the 16th century.

The name "Sengoku" was adopted by Japanese historians.  The Sengoku period in Japan mirrors the Warring States period in Chinese history.

The Sengoku period would precede a process of unification and the end of Japan's medieval period.

## Important people during the Sengoku period

Three important and powerful daimyo were Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu. These three leaders did the most to bring Japan together as one country. Other important leaders include Date Masamune and Akechi Mitsuhide.

## Related pages

- History of Japan
- Oda Nobunaga
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi
École des Ponts ParisTech

The ***' (officially ***', literally "National school of Bridges and Roads") was founded in 1747.  It is one of the oldest engineering schools in France.

The school has different programs including an executive Master of Business Administration in aviation management In Morocco ( in partnership with the _Académie internationale Mohammed VI de l'aviation civile_ and the French Civil Aviation University) and China (in partnership with Tsinghua University and ENAC).

The school trains the Corps of Bridges and Roads.

## Select alumni

Notable students at the school include
- Henri Becquerel, physicist
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy, mathematician and physicist
- Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887-1894)

## Further reading

- Official website
Mitochondrial DNA

**Mitochondrial DNA** (**mtDNA** or **mDNA**) is the DNA in mitochondria. It is inherited only from mothers, though there are a few rare exceptions.

Mitochondria are cellular organelles in eukaryotic cells. They convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small part of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. Most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus on chromosomes. In plants, the chloroplasts have DNA as well.

In humans, mitochondrial DNA codes for 37 genes and with about 16,600 base pairs in a circle. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. The mtDNA in plants is much larger: _Arabidopsis_ has 367 kilobytes.
MDNA

**MDNA** may refer to:

- Mitochondrial DNA, called mDNA or mtDNA, is the DNA inside a mitochondrion.
- _MDNA_ (album), the name of an album by Madonna
MDNA (album)

***MDNA*** is the name of an album by the recording artist and actress Madonna. The album was her debut release from her 360-degree record deal from Live Nation Entertainment, in partnership with Interscope Records. The album was released on March 23, 2012 and featured production from Madonna herself, Benny Benassi, William Orbit, Benny's brother Alle Benassi and Martin Solveig. The lead single from the album, "Give Me All Your Luvin'" was released on February 3, 2012 and features M.I.A. and Nicki Minaj. The second single, "Girl Gone Wild", had its lyric video premiere on February 27, 2012 and was available as a single on March 2, 2012. The album was also her first release not to be associated with Warner Bros.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: MDNA
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Madonna
- **released**: March 23, 2012
- **recorded**: July-November 2011
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, EDM
- **label**: Live Nation/Interscope Records, Interscope
- **producer**: Madonna, Alle Benassi, Benny Benassi, William Orbit, Martin Solveig, The Demolition Crew, Indiigo Muanza, Michael Malih
- **prev title**: Sticky & Sweet Tour
- **prev year**: 2010
- **next title**: Rebel Heart
- **next year**: 2015
Pinkie

***Pinkie*** (1794) is a painting by Thomas Lawrence.  It depicts Sarah Barrett Moulton. She was born in 1783 in Jamaica. Her father was a rich plantation owner. The painting was commissioned at the time Sarah left Jamaica to complete her education in England. Sarah's nickname was "Pinkie". She died in 1795, one year after the painting was completed. The painting is in the Huntington Library at San Marino, California. It hangs near _The Blue Boy_ by Thomas Gainsborough. _Pinkie_ and _The Blue Boy_ are used as set decorations for many episodes of the television show, _Leave It to Beaver_.

## Other websites

- Arts: Pinkie. Time.com
- MSN Travel
Girl Gone Wild

"**Girl Gone Wild**" is the name of the second single, which is coming out in 2012 from Madonna's album _MDNA_. Jenson Vaughan, Madonna, and her producers wrote the song together. Benny Benassi and Alle Benassi produced the song with Madonna. The song was released for digital download on March 2, 2012.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Girl Gone Wild
- **artist**: Madonna
- **album**: MDNA (album), MDNA
- **released**: March 2, 2012
- **recorded**: 2011
- **genre**: Electro house, bash pop, bash house
- **label**: Live Nation/Interscope Records, Interscope
- **writer**: Madonna, Jenson Vaughan, Alessandro Benassi, Marco Benassi
- **producer**: Benny Benassi
Alle Benassi, Madonna <small>(co-producers)</small>
- **prev title**: Give Me All Your Luvin'
- **prev year**: 2012
Thomas Lawrence

**Thomas Lawrence** (13 April 1769 – 7 January 1830) was an English portrait painter. He was born in Bristol. He was a child prodigy. His father was an innkeeper. When Lawrence was 10 years old he was supporting his family with his pastel portraits. He went to London when he was 18. He soon was well known as a portrait painter in oils. His first royal commission was a portrait of Queen Charlotte in 1790. He became an associate of the Royal Academy in 1791, a full member in 1794, and president in 1820. In 1810 he received the patronage of the Prince Regent. He died at age 60 in 1830. At his death, Lawrence was the most fashionable portrait painter in Europe. He is remembered today as the Romanticism portraitist of the British Regency.

## Related pages

- _Pinkie_

## References

- D. Goldring. 1951. _Regency portrait painter: the life of Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A_. London: Macdonald.
- M. Levey. 2005. _Sir Thomas Lawrence_. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

## Other websites

- Thomas Lawrence: Regency Power and Brilliance  exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery
- "Thomas Lawrence: the new romantic - review" Richard Holmes reviews the National Portrait Gallery exhibition, _The Guardian_, 16 October 2010
- "Gainsborough's forgotten rival is recognised at last" Jerome Taylor,_ The Independent_, 5 August 2010
Jiryaku

was a  after _Kōhei_ and before _Enkyū._  This period started in August 1065 and ended in April 1069.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Jiryaku_ Era

- **3 April 1066** (_Jiryaku 2, 6th day of the 3rd month_): A broom star appeared in the east at first light.

- **1068** (_Jiryaku 4, 14th day of the 8th month_): Ceremonies for starting construction on rebuilding the Coronation Hall which had been damaged by fire.

- **1068** (_Jiryaku 4, 19th day of the 4th month_): In the 4th year of Emperor Go-Reizei's reign, the emperor died at age 44; and the succession (_senso_) was received by a his son.  Shortly thereafter, Go-Sanjō accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jiryaku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1065|1066|1067|1068|1069|
Enkyū

was a  after _Jiryaku_ and before _Jōhō._  This period started in April 1069 and ended in August 1074.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Enkyū_ Era

- **1069** (_Enkyū 1_): The emperor's consort was raised to the status of _chūgū_.
- **1072** (_Enkyū 4, 8th day of the 12th month_): In the 6th year of Go-Sanjō's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (_senso_) was received by his son.  Soon after, Emperor Shirakawa accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

- **1073** (_Enkyū 5, 21st day of the 4th month_): Go-Sanjō entered the Buddhist priesthood; and his priestly name was Kongō-gyō.

- **1073** (_Enkyū 5, 7th day of the 5th month_): Go-Sanjō died at the age of 40.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Enkyū|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1069|1070|1071|1072|1073|1074|