juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Roosendaal

**Roosendaal** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 77,032 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Roosendaal
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Rijksmonumenten Roosendaal 224.JPG
- **image caption**: Roosendaal city hall
- **image flag**: Roosendaal vlag.svg
- **flag size**: 100x67px
- **image shield**: Roosendaal wapen.svg
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 1674 (2009).svg
- **map alt**: Highlighted position of Roosendaal in a municipal map of North Brabant
- **map caption**: Location in North Brabant
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **governing body**: Municipal council (Netherlands), Municipal council
- **leader party**: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, VVD
- **leader title**: Burgemeester, Mayor
- **leader name**: Jacques Niederer
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 3
- **population demonym**: Roosendaler, Roosendaalder
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in the Netherlands, Postcode
- **postal code**: 4700–4709, 4724–4727
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 0165
Rucphen

**Rucphen** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 22,572 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rucphen
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Rucphen P1060906.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Rucphen
- **image flag**: Flag of Rucphen.svg
- **image seal**: Rucphen wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marjolein van der Meer Mohr
- **area total km2**: 64.41
- **population total**: 22,586
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 350.7
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 4711, 4714, 4715, 4721, 4722, 4735
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0840
Sint Anthonis

**Sint Anthonis** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2021, about 11,700 people lived there.

Sint Anthonis has been a part of Land van Cuijk since 2022.
Someren

**Someren** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 19,322 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Someren
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Someren, het gemeentehuis foto3 2014-05-18 15.53.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Someren City Hall
- **image flag**: Someren vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Someren wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Dilia Blok
- **area total km2**: 80.27
- **population total**: 18,452
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 229.9
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 5711, 5712, 5715
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0847
Son en Breugel

**Son en Breugel** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 16,904 people lived there.
Uden

**Uden** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2021, about 42,300 people lived there.

Uden has been a part of Maashorst since 2022.
Maasgouw

**Maasgouw** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 23,716 people lived there.

It was created on 1 January 2007 from the former municipalities of Heel, Maasbracht and Thorn.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Maasgouw
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Maasbracht%2C_stadszicht_bij_Julianakanaal_2007-09-22_17.10.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Maasgouw
- **image flag**: Maasgouw vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Maasgouw.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Dion Schneider
- **area total km2**: 45.71
- **population total**: 24,597
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 538.1
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6017, 6019, 6050, 6051, 6067, 6097, 6099, 6107, 6109
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 0475
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 1641
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Gulpen-Wittem

**Gulpen-Wittem** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 14,246 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gulpen-Wittem
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Gulpecentrum.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Gulpen-Wittem
- **image flag**: Gulpen-Wittem vlag 1999.svg
- **image seal**: Gulpen-Wittem wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Nicole Ramaekers-Rutjens
- **area total km2**: 73.18
- **population total**: 15,525
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 212.1
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6270–6289, 6320, 6321
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 043
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 1729
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Steenbergen

**Steenbergen** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 25,054 people lived there.
Timila

**Timila**, **thimila** or **paani**, (Malayalam: തിമില) is an hour-glass shaped drum used in Kerala, South India. Usually, the instrument is made of wood. It is often used with religious ceremonies. Sometimes four different percussion instruments (one of them the Timila), and a trumpet are grouped. Such a group is called  _Panchavadyam._
Barbados (disambiguation)

**Barbados** is an island nation in the eastern Caribbean (formerly spelt _Barbadoes_).

**Barbados** or **Barbadoes** may also mean:

## Places

- Barbadoes Island (Pennsylvania), an island in the Schuylkill River located to the south of Norristown in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
- Barbadoes, a former name of Theodore Roosevelt Island, Washington, D.C.
- Mártires de Barbados Stadium, a multi-use stadium in Bayamo, Cuba
- Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort, a hotel with a themed area by the name of Barbados
- New Barbadoes Township, New Jersey, a township in Bergen County, New Jersey
- New Barbadoes Neck
- Barbadoes Street, a major street in central Christchurch, New Zealand
    - Barbadoes Street Cemetery, Christchurch
- Barbadoes Green, former name of Howard Park, Kilmarnock, Scotland, home of Kilmarnock FC
- Barbadoes Hill, a location in the Wye Valley, northeast of Tintern, Wales.
- United States Naval Facility, Barbados (1957–1979), a U.S. Navy facility once located at Harrisons Point, St. Lucy, Barbados.

## People

- Barbados Joe Walcott (1873–1935), also known as "The Barbados Demon", an early twentieth century boxer
- Barbados Slim, a fictional character on the US-based Television show _Futurama_

## Music

- Barbados (band), a Swedish band who participated in Melodifestivalen several times
- "Barbados" (Typically Tropical song), 1975
- "Barbados" (Models song), 1985
- Barbados (composition), a jazz blues composed by Charlie Parker

## Ships

- , a British frigate in service with the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1946
- SS _Manticos_, a British heavy-lift ship originally named SS _Empire Barbados_

## Other

- Muscovado, a style of sugar also known as "Barbados"
- 45597 Barbados, a British LMS Jubilee Class locomotive

## Related pages

- Barbadian (disambiguation)
- Bajan (disambiguation)
- Barbuda (disambiguation)
Japanese Spitz

The  is a small to medium breed of dog, mainly used as a companion dog (although they can be used as a watchdog). Standards (requirements) usually vary across the world for these dogs. Developed in Japan during the 1920s and 30s, they were bred by breeding some Spitz type dog breeds. The breed is recognized by most kennel clubs except the AKC. It is a new breed, however it is growing in popularity due to their good temperament (behaviour).

These dogs are known for being smart, easy to train, and good with children. They can be protective of their owner(s), hence why they can be good watchdogs. They can bark if people they do not know enter their territory.
Scouser

**Scouser** is a denonym for a resident of the city of Liverpool. People in Birkenhead are sometimes called "Jedis"
Echt, Netherlands

**Echt** () is a city in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2003, it became a part of the new municipality of Echt-Susteren.

The city has about 19,300 inhabitants.
Onderbanken

**Onderbanken** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Beekdaelen.
Nuth

**Nuth** was a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Beekdaelen.
Valkenswaard

**Valkenswaard** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, there were 30,910 people living there.
Veldhoven

**Veldhoven** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 45,337 people lived there.
Waalwijk

**Waalwijk** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 48,240 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Waalwijk
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Waalwijk vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Waalwijk wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Sacha Ausems
- **area total km2**: 64.58
- **population total**: 45,278
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 701.1
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 5140–5146, 5160–5165
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0867
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Vught

**Vught** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2021, about 31,000 people live there.
Woensdrecht

**Woensdrecht** is a municipality in the Dutch province of North Brabant. In 2019, 21,866 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Woensdrecht
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Brabantse Wal - Woensdrecht.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Woensdrecht.svg
- **flag size**: 100x67px
- **image shield**: Woensdrecht wapen.svg
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0873 (2009).svg
- **map alt**: Highlighted position of Woensdrecht in a municipal map of North Brabant
- **map caption**: Location in North Brabant
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **governing body**: Municipal council (Netherlands), Municipal council
- **leader party**: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, VVD
- **leader title**: Burgemeester, Mayor
- **leader name**: Steven Adriaansen
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 24
- **population demonym**: Woensdrechter
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in the Netherlands, Postcode
- **postal code**: 4630–4645
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 0164
Echt-Susteren

**Echt-Susteren** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 31,738 people lived there.

It was created from the former municipalities of Echt and Susteren  on 1 January 2003.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Echt-Susteren
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Nieuwstadt, kerk foto2 2011-03-20 10.24.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Echt-Susteren
- **image flag**: Flag of Echt-Susteren.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Echt Susteren.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jos Hessels
- **area total km2**: 103.1
- **population total**: 32,269
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 313.0
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6100–6105, 6111–6118
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 046, 0475
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 1711
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Beekdaelen

**Beekdaelen** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 35,771 people lived there.

It was created on 1 January 2019 from the former cities of Nuth, Onderbanken and Schinnen.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Beekdaelen
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Amstenrade, kerk foto5 2011-09-27 16.28.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Beekdaelen
- **image flag**: Beekdaelen gemeentevlag.svg
- **image seal**: Beekdaelen wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Eric Geurts
- **area total km2**: 78.30
- **population total**: 38,810
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 495.7
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6155, 6174, 6333, 6336, 6360–6365, 6436–6439, 6447, 6450, 6451, 6454, 6456
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 045, 046
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 1954
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Schinnen

**Schinnen** was a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Beekdaelen.
Meijel

**Meijel** was a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. Since 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Peel en Maas.
Donnellson, Illinois

**Donnellson** is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Krum, Texas

**Krum** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Krum, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: Building a bright future on a proud past
- **image skyline**: FarmersMechanicsBankKrum (1 of 1).jpg
- **image map**: Denton County Texas Incorporated Areas Krum highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Krum in Denton County, Texas, Denton County, Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Denton County, Texas, Denton
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.68
- **area land km2**: 6.67
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 2.58
- **area land sq mi**: 2.58
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5483
- **population density km2**: 752.19
- **population density sq mi**: 1947.98
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 728
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76249
- **area code**: Area code 940, 940
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-39928
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411562
Ellipsometry

**Ellipsometry** is a measurement method used by scientists who want to study solid materials or the surface of solids. It works by shining polarized light on a thin slice of a material and then looking to see how the nature of that light is changed when it is reflected by the sample.

Ellipsometry can be used to investigate different thin films of many different  materials, of organic or inorganic origin.  Inorganic subjects are things  such as metals, semiconductors, insulators and also liquid crystals.

The frequency range used covers not just visible light but whole the spectrum from the microwave range, the terahertz range, infrared light, visible light up to the range of ultraviolet light.
Sapporo TV Tower

The **Sapporo TV Tower** is a television tower that was built in 1957, and is 147.2 meters tall. The tower is in Odori Park. The Sapporo TV Tower is in Sapporo, Japan. Many tourists go to the observation deck on this tower, which is about 90 meters tall.

## Other websites

- Official website
Mike's New Car

***Mike's New Car*** is a 2002 short movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and is based on Monsters, Inc..

## Voice cast

|Actor|Role|
| --- | --- |
|John Goodman|James P. "Sulley" Sullivan|
|Billy Crystal|Mike Wazowski|

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Mike's New Car
- **director**: Pete Docter
- **producer**: Darla K. Anderson
- **music**: Randy Newman
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
- **released**:
• November 27, 2002 (with _Treasure Planet_)
- **runtime**: 4 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Latin American poetry

**Latin American poetry** is poetry written by poets born in Latin America.

Lyric poetry is popular in Latin America. Some lines in lyric poems rhyme. Sometimes lyric poems do not rhyme.  Rubén Darío, César Vallejo, Ernesto Cardenal, Gabriela Mistral, and Pablo Neruda wrote lyric poems.

Prose poetry is also popular in Latin America. Prose poems are written in sentences and paragraphs. (The lines do not rhyme.) Jorge Luis Borges (_Everything and Nothing_), Pablo Neruda (_Passions and Impressions)_, Octavio Paz (_Eagle or Sun?_), Alejandra Pizarnik (_Sex/Nigh_t), and Giannina Braschi (_Empire of Dreams_) wrote prose poetry.

Latin American poets also have a strong tradition of epic poetry**.** National themes, landscapes, and local traditions appear in epic poems.   José Hernández wrote the famous epic poem _Martín Fierro_ about cowboy culture in Argentina.

## History

In the 17th century, Sor Juana was a nun who lived in Mexico. She wrote spiritual and philosophical poems.

In the 19th century, the Cuban poet José Martí wrote the famous poem, "Yo soy un hombre sincero" ("I'm a sincere man"). This poem became the lyrics of the popular song "Guantanamera". Rubén Darío was a famous modernist poet. He wrote "Azul" (1888). Cesar Vallejo is one of the most important poets in the Spanish Language. Vallejo wrote _Trilce (_1922).

In the 20th century, Gabriela Mistral was the first Latin American poet to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. She wrote about children, teachers, family, and romance. Pablo Neruda wrote the epic poem _Canto General_. Neruda was the second Latin American poet won the Nobel Prize. Alejandra Pizarnik wore prose poem<nowiki/>s about childhood, cruelty, and death. Giannina Braschi writes epic poetry about immigration, revolution, and freedom. Ana Castillo writes about the Mexican border, ghosts, and Chicano culture.  Roberto Bolaño wrote novels about poets. His famous novels _2666 and Savage Detectives._ Bolaño also wrote many poems in free verse and in prose.

## Latin American poets

**The Colonial period**

- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
- Luis de Góngora y Argote

**19th century**

- Rubén Darío
- José Martí
- Gabriela Mistral

**20th century**

- Jorge Luis Borges
- Roberto Bolaño
- Giannina Braschi
- Roberto Bolaño
- Carmen Boullosa
- Ernesto Cardenal
- Ana Castillo
- Julia de Burgos
- Nicolás Guillén
- Gabriela Mistral
- Pablo Neruda
- Nicanor Parra
- César Vallejo
- Octavio Paz
- Jorge Enrique González Pacheco

## Related pages

- Latin American Literature
- Latina poetry
- Puerto Rican literature
- American poetry
Bienville, Louisiana

**Bienville** is a village in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat)

**Sub-Zero** is a fictional character in the _Mortal Kombat_ games for video game consoles. He has appeared as a guest fighter in _Injustice 2_ alongside Raiden, Hellboy and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

## Portrayals

He was portrayed in games by Steve Blum and Jim Lee.
Van Helsing: The London Assignment

***Van Helsing: The London Assignment*** is a 2004 animated short movie that is a prequel to _Van Helsing_. It has Hugh Jackman and Robbie Coltrane returning from their roles of the 2004 feature-length movie.

## Cast

- Hugh Jackman as Gabriel Van Helsing
- Tress MacNellie as Queen Victoria
    - Tara Strong as young Queen Victoria
- Robbie Coltrane as Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde
Hellboy

**Hellboy** is a fictional superhero created by writer-artist Mike Mignola. The character first appeared in _San Diego Comic-Con Comics_ #2 (August 1993), and has since appeared in various eponymous miniseries, one-shots and intercompany crossovers. The character has been adapted into three live-action feature movies. Two starring Ron Perlman in 2004 and 2008 in the title role, and one in 2019 which starred David Harbour, as well as two straight-to-DVD animated movies, and three video games – _Asylum Seeker_, _The Science of Evil_, and as a playable character in _Injustice 2_.

A well-meaning half-Demon (or Cambion) whose true name is **Anung Un Rama** ("and upon his brow is set a crown of flame"), Hellboy was summoned from Hell to Earth as a baby by Nazi occultists (spawning his hatred for the Third Reich). He was discovered on a fictional Outer Hebrides Island by the Allied Forces; amongst them, Professor Trevor Bruttenholm, who formed the United States Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense (B.P.R.D.). In time, Hellboy grew to be a large, red-skinned adult with a tail, horns (which he files off, leaving behind circular stumps on his forehead), cloven hooves for feet, and an oversized right hand made of stone (the "Right Hand of Doom"). He has been described as smelling of dry-roasted peanuts.

Hellboy works for the B.P.R.D., an international non-governmental agency, and for himself against dark forces including Nazis and witches, in a series of tales that have their roots in folklore, pulp magazines, vintage adventure, Lovecraftian horror and horror fiction. In earlier stories, he is identified as the "World's Greatest Paranormal Investigator".

In 2011, Hellboy was ranked 25th of the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes by IGN.
Litoria humboldtorum

***Litoria humboldtorum*** is a frog from Indonesia.  It lives near the Foya Mountains.  Scientists saw it between 500 and 1050 meters above sea level.
Tridevi

***Tridevi*** refers to three supreme goddesses, wifes of tridev - _Lakshmi_ (wife of Visnhu), _Saraswati_ (wife of Brahma), _Parvati/ Kali_ (wife of Shiva).

Saraswati is the goddess of learning and arts, cultural fulfillment. She is the cosmic intelligence, cosmic consciousness, and cosmic knowledge.

Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and fertility, material fulfillment. However, she does not signify mere material wealth like gold, cattle, etc. All kinds of prosperity, glory, magnificence, joy, exaltation, or greatness come under Lakshmi.

Parvati/ Mahakali the goddess of power and love, spiritual fulfillment. She also depicts the transformational power of divinity, the power that dissolves multiplicity in unity.
Ethanol fermentation

**Ethanol fermentation** is a fermentation process that converts sugar into cellular energy, producing ethanol, and carbon dioxide. Because ethanol is an alcohol, it is also known as **alcoholic fermentation**. Yeast will do this without using oxygen, the process is anaerobic. It also happens in some kind of fish, where it produces energy, when there is little oxygen.

Ethanol fermentation has many uses, including the production of alcoholic drinks (such as beer or wine), the production of ethanol fuel, and the cooking of bread.
Flames of Passion

***Flames of Passion*** is a 1922 British drama movie directed by Graham Cutts and starring Mae Marsh, C. Aubrey Smith, Hilda Bayley, Herbert Langley, Allan Aynesworth, Eva Moore, George K. Arthur. It is a lost movie.
Meenachil river

The **Meenachil river** (Malayalam: മീനച്ചിലാർ) is a river in the Indian state of Kerala. It is  long and flows into Vembanad Lake at Kumarakom. The river was mentioned in  Arundhati Roy's Booker Prize-winning novel, _The God of Small Things_.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Meenachil River
- **image**: മീനച്ചിലാർ ഈരാറ്റുപേട്ടയിൽ.jpg
- **image caption**: Meenachil River, view from Erattupetta
- **source1 location**: Western Ghats
- **mouth location**: Vembanad Lake
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: India
Luis Arce

**Luis Alberto Arce Catacora** (La Paz, September 28, 1963) is a Bolivian economist, university professor, and politician who was the 67th President of Bolivia from November 8, 2020 to November 8, 2025. He was Bolivia's Minister of Economy and Public Finance from 2006 to 2017 and again in 2019. He is recognized as the architect of Bolivia's economic growth during Evo Morales's presidency.

In January 2020, he was elected candidate for the presidency of Bolivia for the October 2020 national elections by the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) party, along with former chancellor David Choquehuanca as a candidate for vice presidency. The elections happened on October 18, 2020 and according the country's election commission, Arce was elected president with an absolute majority of 55.1%.

## Minister of Economy

On January 23, 2006, Arce was chosen by President Evo Morales to be Minister of Finance. Three years later, in 2009, he took charge of the new Ministry of Economy and Public Finance. Arce watch over the nationalization of hydrocarbon, telecommunications and mining companies in Bolivia. During his ministry, Bolivian GDP increased by 344% and extreme poorness dropped from 38% to 15%.

## Presidency

The first thing Arce did when he swore into the presidency is revert the recognition of the Venezuelan president to Maduro.

## Related pages

- List of scientists from South America

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Luis Arce Catacora
- **image**: Luis Alberto Arce Catacora (Official Portrait, 2020) Cropped I.png
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2020
- **office**: 67th President of Bolivia
- **term start**: 8 November 2020
- **term end**: 8 November 2025
- **predecessor**: Jeanine Áñez
- **successor**: Rodrigo Paz
- **vicepresident**: David Choquehuanca
- **office1**: Cabinet of Bolivia, Minister of Economy and Public Finance
- **term end1**: 10 November 2019
- **term start1**: 23 January 2019
- **president1**: Evo Morales
- **predecessor1**: Mario Guillén Suárez
- **successor1**: José Luis Parada Rivero
- **term start2**: 23 January 2006
- **term end2**: 24 June 2017
- **president2**: Evo Morales
- **predecessor2**: Waldo Gutiérrez Iriarte
- **successor2**: Mario Guillén Suárez
- **birth name**: Luis Alberto Arce Catacora
- **birth place**: La Paz, Bolivia
- **spouse**: Lourdes Brigida Durán Romero
- **children**: 3
- **parents**: Carlos Arce
Olga Catacora
- **party**: Movement for Socialism (Bolivia), MAS-IPSP
- **alma mater**: Higher University of San Andrés
University of Warwick
- **signature**: Luis Arce signature.svg
Druk Gyalpo

The **Druk Gyalpo** (; lit. **Dragon King**) is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

## Infobox (monarchy)

- **royal title**: King
- **realm**: Bhutan
- **coatofarms**: Emblem of Bhutan.svg
- **coatofarms article**: Emblem of Bhutan
- **image**: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (edit).jpg
- **incumbent**: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
- **incumbentsince**: 9 December 2006
- **other**: 5th Dragon King
- **his/her**: His
- **heir presumptive**: Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck
- **first monarch**: Ugyen Wangchuck
- **date**: 17 December 1907
- **residence**: Samteling Palace, Thimpu
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

Sheikh **Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum**   (; ; born 15 July 1949) is a politician. He was the acting President of the United Arab Emirates, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and ruler of the Emirate of Dubai.

He is responsible for the growth of Dubai into a global city, as well as the launch of a number of major enterprises including Emirates Airline, DP World, and the Jumeirah Group. Many of these are held by Dubai Holding, a company with multi-diversified businesses and investments. Sheikh Mohammed has overseen the development of numerous projects in Dubai including the creation of a technology park and a free economic zone, Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, the Dubai International Finance Centre, the Palm Islands and the Burj Al Arab hotel. He also drove the construction of Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.

## Infobox (police officer)

- **embed**: yes
- **department**: Dubai Police Force
- **serviceyears**: 1968–1970
- **rank**: Head of Dubai Police and Public Security
- **website**: [https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/h-h-sheikh-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum Official website]


## Infobox (royalty)

- **native lang1**: Arabic
- **native lang1 name1**: محمد بن راشد بن سعيد بن مكتوم آل مكتوم
- **image**: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (15-02-2021) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sheikh Mohammed in 2021
- **spouse**: _#Wives and children, See list_
- **issue**: _#Wives and children, See list_
- **full name**: Mohamed bin Rashid bin Saeed bin Maktoum Al Maktoum
- **house**: Al Maktoum
- **father**: Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
- **mother**: Latifa bint Hamdan Al Nahyan
- **birth place**: Al Shindagha, Dubai, Trucial States
 (now United Arab Emirates)
- **succession**: Acting President of the United Arab Emirates
- **predecessor**: Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- **reign**: 13 May 2022 – 14 May 2022
- **successor**: Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- **reign-type**: In office
- **succession1**: Vice President of the United Arab Emirates
- **reg-type1**: President
- **regent1**: Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- **reign1**: 5 January 2006 –  present
- **reign-type1**: In office
- **predecessor1**: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **succession2**: 4th
Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
- **reg-type2**: President
- **regent2**: Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- **reign2**: 11 February 2006 –  present
- **reign-type2**: In office
- **predecessor2**: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **reg-type3**: President
- **reign3**: 9 December 1971 – present
- **reign-type3**: In office
- **predecessor3**: _Position established_
- **reg-type4**: Sheikh
- **reign4**: 4 January 2006 – present
- **reign-type4**: Reign
- **predecessor4**: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

**Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum** (ca. 1941 – 4 January 2006) (; ), also referred to as **Sheikh Maktoum** was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the emir (ruler) of Dubai.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **embed**: yes
- **honorific-prefix**: HH Sheikh
- **term label**: Reign
- **office1**: President of the United Arab Emirates
Acting
- **term start1**: 2 November 2004
- **term end1**: 3 November 2004
- **predecessor1**: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
- **successor1**: Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- **office2**: Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates
- **president2**: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1990–2004)
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (2004–2006)
- **deputy2**: Sultan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Sultan bin Zayed Al Nahyan (1990–2006)
Hamdan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan (1997–2006)
- **term start2**: 7 October 1990
- **term end2**: 4 January 2006
- **predecessor2**: Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
- **successor2**: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **president3**: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
- **deputy3**: Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum (1971–1973)
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (1973–1977)
Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (1977–1979)
- **term start3**: 9 December 1971
- **term end3**: 25 April 1979
- **predecessor3**: _Position established_
- **successor3**: Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum


## Infobox (royalty)

- **embed**: yes
- **succession**: Ruler of Dubai
- **reign**: 7 October 1990 – 4 January 2006
- **predecessor**: Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
- **successor**: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **house**: Al Maktoum
- **religion**: Islam


## Infobox (royalty)

- **title**: His Excellency Sheikh
- **name**: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

- **image**: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum.jpg
- **caption**: Sheikh Maktoum Al Maktoum in 1968
- **birth date**: 1943
- **birth place**: Dubai, Trucial States (then a protectorate of the United Kingdom)
- **death place**: Gold Coast, Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia
- **father**: Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
- **mother**: Latifa bint Hamdan Al Nahyan
Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!

***Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!*** ()  is a novel by Russian writer Sergei Aman, published in 2018.

## Plot

The hero of the novel is the philosopher Alexei Krutorogov. He is unemployed and forced to get money for a living, working as a taxi driver. They are called bombers _(bombila)_ in Russia. In the novel he talks about time, about the insignificance of everyday vanity and about absurdity as the basis of Russian life.

## Literary features

_Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!_ is a novel with a non-linear storyline. The novel covers the time period from the nineties of the last century to the tenth years of the present century. The novel is based on reliable facts. The style of the novel is postmodernism. The epigraph to the novel is a phrase from the book "The World According to Novikoff” by the Moscow writer Andrei Gusev. Sergei Aman's novel and Andrei Gusev's book combines a world-view approach.

## Notes

_Аман С._ Всё будет хорошо, мы все умрём! (“Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!”), эротическо-героический эпос. — М.: ИД «Флюид ФриФлай», 2018. — 176 pp. ISBN 978-5-906827-70-8

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!  (novel)
- **title orig**: Всё будет хорошо, мы все умрём!
- **author**: Sergei Aman
- **country**: Russia
- **language**: Russian language, Russian
- **genre**: novel
- **publisher**: “ИД «Флюид ФриФлай” (Russia)
- **release date**: 2018
- **pages**: 176 pp
- **isbn**: 978-5-906827-70-8
- **preceded by**: Journalists (novel), Journalists
Wojciech Pszoniak

**Wojciech Zygmunt Pszoniak** (2 May 1942 – 19 October 2020) was a Polish screen and stage actor. He was born in what is now the city of Lviv. His movie credits include _The Devil_ (1972), _The Promised Land_ (1975), _The Tin Drum_ (1979) and _Austeria_ (1983).

Pszoniak died in Warsaw on 19 October 2020 from cancer. He was 78.
Gianni Dei

**Gianni Dei** (21 December 1940 – 19 October 2020) was an Italian actor and singer. He was born in Bologna. His movie credits include _A Girl... and a Million_ (1962), _The Seventh Grave_ (1965), _Sheriff Won't Shoot_ (1965), _La donnaccia_ (1965), _Pronto... c'è una certa Giuliana per te_ (1967), _Madame Bovary_ (1969), _A White Dress for Marialé_ (1972), _The Last Round_ (1972), _The Killers Are Our Guests_ (1974), _Batton Story_ (1976), _Giallo a Venezia_ (1979) and _Patrick Still Lives_ (1980).

Dei died in Rome on 19 October 2020. He was 79.
Litoria christianbergmanni

***Litoria christianbergmanni*** is a frog from Indonesia.  It lives on the Fakfak Mountains.  Scientists saw it 860 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 26.9–31.2 mm long from nose to rear end.  There is more webbed skin on the back feet than on the front feet.  This frog is green in color with small yellow-white spots on its back and back legs.  The backs of the legs are brown in color.

Scientists named this frog after a German amphibian scientist, Prof. Dr. Christian Bergmann.
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)

**Reciprocity** is the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, especially privileges granted by one country or organization to another.
Scooby-Doo (movie)

***Scooby-Doo*** is a 2002 American comedy mystery movie based on the _Scooby-Doo_ franchise.

It was directed by Raja Gosnell and starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard, Linda Cardellini and Rowan Atkinson. It got bad reviews but was a box office hit and started a 2004 sequel.

## Plot

At a toy factory, Mystery Inc. has unmasked the Luna Ghost. The group except for Shaggy and Scooby quit. Two years later, they all got a letter from Emile Mondavarious to visit Spooky Island and solve a mystery there.

## Cast

- Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred Jones
- Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne Blake
- Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers
- Linda Cardellini as Velma Dinkley
- Rowan Atkinson as Emile Mondavarious
- Isla Fisher as Mary Jane
- Pamela Anderson as Herself
- Nick Hope as Old Man Smithers
- Sugar Ray as Themselves

### Voice cast

- Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo
- Scott Innes as Scrappy-Doo
    - J.P. Manoux as Scrappy-Rex
- Frank Welker and Jess Harnell as Monsters

## Reception

Many fans didn't like how adult-oriented the humor is but they did like Matthew Lillard's performance of Shaggy, which is why Casey Kasem picked Lillard as his successor for the cartoons.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Scooby-Doo
- **image**: Scoobydoo-logo.svg
- **director**: Raja Gosnell
- **starring**: Freddie Prinze Jr.
Sarah Michelle Gellar
Matthew Lillard
Linda Cardellini
Rowan Atkinson
- **producer**: Charles Roven
Richard Suckle
- **writer**: James Gunn
- **music**: David Newman
- **editing**: Kent Beyda
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. Pictures
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **runtime**: 86 minutes
- **budget**: $84 million
- **gross**: $275.7 million
Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed

***Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed*** is a 2004 American comedy mystery movie based on the _Scooby-Doo_ franchise and a sequel to the 2002 movie.

It was directed by Raja Gosnell and starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard and Linda Cardellini. It got both bad reviews and didn't make enough money. A planned third film (which was set to be released in 2006) was cancelled because of that.

## Plot

Mystery Inc. attended the grand opening of the Coolsonian Criminology Museum, home of all the costumes unmasked by the group.

## Cast

- Freddie Prinze, Jr. as Fred
- Sarah Gellar as Daphne
- Matthew Lillard as Shaggy
- Linda Cardellini as Velma
- Seth Green as Patrick Wisely
- Peter Boyle - Old Man Wickles
- Tim Nelson - Dr. Jonathan Jacobo
- Alicia Silverstone - Heather Jasper Howe

### Voice cast

- Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo
- J.P. Manoux - Brainiac Scooby
- Scott McNeil as Evil Masked Figure
- Michael Sorich as Tar Monster and the Cotton Candy Glob
- Wally Wingert as Green-Eyed Skeleton Man
- Dee Bradley Baker as Red-Eyed Skeleton and 10,000 Volt Ghost
- Terrence Stone as Pterodactyl Ghost

### Cameos

- Ruben Studdard
- Tasmanian Devil (voiced by Neil Fanning as Scooby-Doo)

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed
- **director**: Raja Gosnell
- **starring**: Freddie Prinze, Jr.
Sarah Michelle Gellar
Matthew Lillard
Linda Cardellini
Seth Green
Peter Boyle
Tim Blake Nelson
Alicia Silverstone
- **producer**: Charles Roven
Richard Suckle
- **writer**: James Gunn
- **music**: David Newman (composer), David Newman
- **editing**: Kent Beyda
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. Pictures
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **runtime**: 92 minutes
- **budget**: $25 million or $80 million
- **gross**: $181.2 million
David Dunn

**David Dunn** is a fictional character. He first appeared in a 2000 movie called _Unbreakable_.

## Fictional biography

David Dunn was a football player who quit and became a security guard in Philadelphia.

## Portrayals

David Dunn has been portrayed by Bruce Willis in all three of his appearances.
Unbreakable (movie)

***Unbreakable*** is a 2000 American psychological superhero thriller mystery movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It stars Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson.

## Cast

- Bruce Willis as David Dunn
- Samuel L. Jackson as Elijah Price / Mister Glass
- Robin Wright as Audrey Dunn
- Spencer Treat Clark as Joseph Dunn

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Unbreakable
- **director**: M. Night Shyamalan
- **producer**: Barry Mendel
M. Night Shyamalan
- **writer**: M. Night Shyamalan
- **starring**: Bruce Willis
Samuel L. Jackson
Robin Wright, Robin Wright Penn
- **music**: James Newton Howard
- **cinematography**: Eduardo Serra
- **editing**: Dylan Tichenor
- **studio**: Spyglass Entertainment
The Kennedy/Marshall Company
- **distributor**: Touchstone Pictures
- **runtime**: 106 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $75 million
- **gross**: $248.1 million
Whitehawk

**Whitehawk** is a suburb of Brighton in the city of Brighton and Hove on England's south coast. It consists of a large housing estate developed by the council in the 1930s. In the late 1960s, five high rise flats were built in the suburb's northern end, known as the Swanborough flats. Beginning in the late 1970s, a major redevelopment of the estate took place. The estate lies in a valley and is partly surrounded by Brighton's Race Course. Whitehawk is the name given to a Neolithic camp situated at the top of Whitehawk Hill. The camp was inhabited some 5500 years ago.
Stanley Schumacher

**Stanley Stanford Schumacher**  (June 12, 1933 – October 10, 2020) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was born in Hanna, Alberta. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. Schumacher was a member of the Parliament of Canada between 1968 and 1979. He was also a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta between 1986 and 1997.

Schumacher died on October 10, 2020 in Drumheller, Alberta at the age of 87.
Raimundo Garcia

**Raimundo García** (27 May 1936 – 13 October 2020) was an Argentine chess master. He was born in Buenos Aires.

García won at Mar del Plata 1962 (_Torneo Latino-americano_), and was Argentine Champion in 1963.

In 1963 he won a match against Samuel Schweber (3 : 2) in Buenos Aires, tied for 7-9th at Fortaleza 1963 (zonal, Rossetto won), and took 10th at Buenos Aires 1964 (Paul Keres won).

Garcia died on 13 October 2020 in Buenos Aires, aged 84.
Oscar Panno

**Oscar Roberto Panno** (born 17 March 1935) is an Argentine chess Grandmaster. Panno was the first top world chess player born in South America. Panno won the 2nd World Junior Chess Championship in 1953. Panno was born in Buenos Aires.

Panno has several successes at the tournaments at Mar del Plata. He won the international tournaments in 1954 and 1969 (shared with Miguel Najdorf), and the open tournaments in 1986, 1988, and 1994.

Panno played eleven times for Argentina in Chess Olympiads (1954–58, 1962, 1966–70, 1976, 1986–88, 1992). The 1954 Olympiad team won the silver medal, while the 1958 and 1962 teams won the bronze medal.
Ab Krook

**Ab Krook** (18 June 1944 – 13 October 2020) was a Dutch speed skating coach between 1977 and 2006. He was also a speed skater between 1967 and 1971. He competed at Dutch National Championships, but never reached the top. He was born in Oud-Loosdrecht, Netherlands.

He was coach during eight Winter Olympics and later served as a coordinator. Among others he coached Annie Borckink winning the Olympic gold medal and Ria Visser the silver medal at the 1980 Winter Olympics. He coached Bart Veldkamp winning gold at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

Krook had a cerebral infarction in 2018. He died from problems caused by a second infarction on 13 October 2020 in Blaricum, Netherlands, aged 76.
William Keir Carr

Lieutenant General **William Keir "Bill" Carr**, CMM, DFC, OStJ, CD (March 19, 1923 – October 14, 2020) was a Canadian Air Force officer. He was called the father of the modern Canadian Air Force. He was born in Grand Bank, Dominion of Newfoundland. He became Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff in 1973 and the first Commander, Air Command in 1975 before retiring from active duty in 1978.

Carr died on October 14, 2020 at the age of 97.
Lance Carson

**Lance Allen Carson** (December 3, 1945 – October 14, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives representing District 20 from 2007 to 2015 and 2017 to 2019. Carson was born in Nunda, South Dakota.

Carson died of COVID-19 on October 14, 2020 in Pierre, South Dakota at age 74.
James Jungius

Vice Admiral **Sir James George Jungius** KBE DL (15 November 1923 – 14 October 2020) was a Royal Navy officer. He became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic in 1975. Jungius was promoted to rear admiral on 7 July 1972 and appointed Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Operational Requirements) the same year.

He died on 14 October 2020 at the age of 96.
Carlos Mesa

**Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert** (born August 12, 1953) is a Bolivian politician and journalist. He was President of Bolivia from 2003 to 2005. He was vice president of Bolivia from August 2002 to October 2003. He unsuccessfully ran for president again in 2020.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **nationality**: Bolivian
- **image**: Carlos Mesa, ex-President of Bolivia (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Carlos Mesa in 2014
- **term start**: October 17, 2003
- **term end**: June 9, 2005
- **predecessor**: Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
- **successor**: Eduardo Rodríguez (politician), Eduardo Rodríguez
- **birth name**: Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert
- **birth place**: La Paz, Bolivia
- **spouse**: Elvira Salinas de Mesa
- **party**: Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, MNR <small>(2002–2003)</small>
Independent politician, Independent <small>(2003–2018)</small>
Revolutionary Left Front (Bolivia), FRI <small>(2018–present)</small>
- **order**: 63rd
- **office**: President of Bolivia
- **vicepresident**: Vacant
- **order2**: Vice President of Bolivia
- **president2**: Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada
- **term start2**: August 6, 2002
- **term end2**: October 17, 2003
- **predecessor2**: Jorge Quiroga Ramírez
- **successor2**: Álvaro García Linera
- **alma mater**: Complutense University of Madrid, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés
- **signature**: Signature of Carlos Mesa.svg