juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kandake (royal title)

**Kandake**, **kadake** or **kentake** (Meroitic: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 _kdke_), often Latinised as **Candace** (, _Kandakē_), was the Meroitic term for the sister of the king of Kush who, due to the matrilineal succession, would bear the next heir, making her a queen mother. She had her own court, probably acted as a landholder and held a prominent secular role as regent. Contemporary Greek and Roman sources treated it, incorrectly, as a name. The name Candace is derived from the way the word is used in the New Testament ().

A kandake who ruled in her own right bore in addition the title _qore_, the same title carried by male rulers.

## Biblical usage

In the New Testament, a treasury official of "Candace, queen of the Aethiopians", returning from a trip to Jerusalem, met with Philip the Evangelist:

> Now an angel of the Lord said to Philip, "Rise and go toward the south to the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza." This is a desert place.  And he rose and went. And there was an Aethiopian eunuch, a court official of Candace, queen of the Aethiopians, who was in charge of all her treasure. He had come to Jerusalem to worship

He discussed with Philip the meaning of a perplexing passage from the Book of Isaiah. Philip explained the scripture to him and he was promptly baptised in some nearby water. The eunuch 'went on his way, rejoicing', and presumably therefore reported back on his conversion to the Kandake.

## List of ruling kandakes

At least eleven _kandakes_ also ruled in their own right as monarchs (i.e. queens regnant) of Kush:

- Nahirqo (middle 2nd century BC)
- An unknown queen regnant (end of the 2nd–first half of the 1st century BC)
- Amanirenas (end of the 1st century BC–beginning of the 1st century AD)
- Amanishakheto (early 1st century AD)
- Shanakdakhete (first half of the 1st century AD)
- Nawidemak (first half of the 1st century AD?)
- Amanitore (middle 1st century AD)
- Amanikhatashan (middle 2nd century AD?)
- Amanikhalika (second half of the 2nd century AD)
- patrapeamani (early 4th century)
- Amanipilade (mid-4th century)

Based on the reading of a single inscription, some lists give two later kandakes named Maloqorebar (266–283 AD) and Lahideamani (306-314 AD). A recently discovered inscription corrects this earlier reading, however, showing that neither was a woman.

## Related pages

- _Kandake of the Sudanese Revolution_

## Infobox (former monarchy)

- **royal title**: Kandake
- **realm**: Sudan
- **image**: File:Aegyptisches Museum Berlin InvNr7261 20080313 Barkenuntersatz Natakamani Amanitore aus Wad Ban Naga 4.jpg
- **caption**: Relief depicting Kandake Amanitore (Kandake), Amanitore
- **first monarch**: * Nahirqo (Kandake), Nahirqo
- **last monarch**: * Amanipilade (Kandake), Amanipilade
- **style**: List of monarchs of Kush, Nubian monarchy
- **residence**: Kingdom of Kush, Ancient Sudan
- **appointer**: Hereditary monarchy, Hereditary
Candace (given name)

**Candace** is a royal title from the Bible, ultimately deriving from the term _Kandake_, a title for a queen or queen mother in the ancient African Kingdom of Kush; also meaning "pure and innocent". In the United States, it was a popular name during the late 1970s, throughout the 1980s, and into the early 1990s.

## People with the given name

- Candace Allen (author) (born 1950), a Hollywood screenwriter
- Candace Allen (beauty queen) (21st century), Miss District of Columbia USA 2006
- Candace Bailey (born 1982), an American actress
- Candace Cameron Bure (born 1976), an American actress
- Candace Bushnell (born 1958), an American writer
- Candace Camp (born 1949), a best-selling American writer
- Candace Charles (born 1990), Miss Guyana 2007
- Candace Collins (born 1957), an American model and actress
- Candace Gingrich (born 1966), an LGBT rights activist
- Candace Glendenning (born 1953), an English actress
- Candace Glickman (21st century), Miss New Hampshire 2003
- Candace Hilligoss (born 1935), an American actress
- Candace Introcaso, a President of La Roche College
- Candace Jones (born 1955), a Canadian figure skater
- Candace Kita (21st century), an American actress
- Candace Kroslak (born 1978), an American actress
- Candace Newmaker (1989–2000), a victim of child abuse
- Candace O'Connor (born 1950), a freelance writer and editor
- Candace Otto (21st century), a Miss Pennsylvania 2003
- Candace Owens (born 1989), American commentator and political activist
- Candace Parker (born 1986), an American collegiate basketball player
- Candace Pert (1946–2013), an American neuroscientist
- Candace Robb (born 1950), an English historical novelist
- Candace Savage (born 1949), a Canadian writer
- Candace Lynn Starr (born 1975), American murder victim
- Candace Talmadge (21st century), a liberal newspaper columnist
- Candace Vogler (21st century), an American philosopher
- Candace Wheeler (1827–1923), one of America's first woman interior and textile designers
- H. Candace Gorman (21st century), an American attorney

## Fictional characters with the given name

- Candace Barkham, a fictional recurring character in the Australian soap opera _Neighbours_
- Candace "Caddy" Compson, a fictional character from _The Sound and the Fury_ by William Faulkner
- Candace Flynn, Phineas' older sister and Ferb's stepsister from _Phineas and Ferb_.
- Candace Southern, a Marvel Comics supporting character
- Candace, a character in 2020 video game _Genshin Impact_

## Related pages

- Candice, a rarer variant spelling
Amun-Min (deity)

**Amun-Min**, as a separate deity in Egyptian mythology, combined the characteristics of Min and Amun. He has been documented since the Second Intermediate Period.

## Min-Amun

In the New Kingdom, he is depicted as an enthroned mummy or ithyphallic god wearing the Amun feather crown; behind his back, a scourge can be seen in his raised hands. The Min-chapel or the Min-plant is also depicted. A hymn from the New Kingdom period describes Min-Amun in his former capacity as Min of Coptos:  In the Kushite period, the "Beautiful Festival of the Procession of Min-Amun to His Stairs" is documented. Two processions for the 1st Dynasty are known from Greco-Roman times. and 15 Shemu I to “his birthplace”.

## Literatur

- Christian Leitz u. a.: _Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen, Bd. 1: 3 – y_. Peeters, Leuven 2002, ISBN 2-87723-644-7, S. 317.
- Christian Leitz u. a.: _Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen, Bd. 3: P – nbw, Schriftenreihe: Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta; 112_. Peeters, Leuven 2002, ISBN 90-429-1148-4, S. 290.

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Egyptian
- **name**: Amun-Min
- **image**: Min.svg
- **caption**: reconstructed 2-d image of Amun-Min based on ancient depictions
- **hiro**: <hiero>R23:R12-G7-M17-Y5:N35-G7</hiero>
CWC

**CWC** can be

- Chemical Weapons Convention, a 1997 international treaty prohibiting chemical weapons
- California Writers Club
- Crime Writers of Canada

### Businesses

- Cabot Watch Company, British military supplier
- Central Warehousing Corporation, an Indian government-owned corporation
- Cable & Wireless Communications, a British telecommunications company
- Cuyamaca Water Company, a former water company in California, U.S.

### Colleges and universities

- Central Wyoming College, Riverton, Wyoming, U.S.
- Chellammal Women's College, Tamil Nadu, India
- City of Westminster College, London, UK
- Colorado Women's College, Colorado, U.S.
- Columbia Water Center, a research institute in New York, U.S.
- Clongowes Wood College, Kildare, Ireland

### Political organizations

- Ceylon Workers' Congress, a Sri Lankan political party
- Clyde Workers' Committee, a Scottish workers' organisation during World War I
- Congress Working Committee, the central decision-making body of the Indian National Congress
- CrimethInc., an anarchist group

### Other organizations

- Chernivtsi International Airport, Ukraine, IATA code CWC
- Kickapoo Downtown Airport, Wichita Falls, Texas, U.S., FAA LID: CWC
- Concerned for Working Children, an India-based non-profit organization
- Co-existing with Coyotes, a Stanley Park Ecology Society public education program

## Science, technology and mathematics

- CWC mode, a type of encryption
- Cwc, cold subtropical highland climate in the Köppen climate classification

## Sport

- Camsur Watersports Complex, Camarines Sur, Philippines
- Capitol Wrestling Corporation, a former American professional wrestling body, now known as WWE
- Chess World Cup, a number of different chess tournaments
- Collegiate World Championship, a pickleball competition held in the United States
- Cricket World Cup, an international cricket championship
- Cruiserweight Classic, a professional wrestling tournament
- FIFA Club World Cup, an intercontinental club football competition
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a defunct UEFA football tournament

## Other uses

- Cardigan Welsh Corgi, a dog breed
- Corded Ware culture, a broad archaeological horizon of Europe between c. 2900 BCE – circa 2350 BCE
- Christine Weston Chandler, the creator of _Sonichu_
Patrapeamani

**Patrapeamani** was a reigning Nubian queen who ruled at the beginning of the 4th century AD. Patrapeamani is known only from a Meroitic inscription on an offering tablet found in Meroe in the tomb of Beg W309. This offering tablet is stylistically dated very late. It is not certain whether the tablet was removed or whether Beg W309 is the tomb of this ruler. Her parents are also named on the offering tablet (father: Datiley, mother: [...]li). It is not entirely certain whether Patrapeamani was actually a woman. In any case, Patrapeamani is one of the last attested rulers in Meroe.

## Literature

- Inge Hofmann: "Contributions to Meroitic Chronology." Anthropos Institute, St. Augustin near Bonn 1978, ISBN 3-921389-80-1, p. 156. 180.
- László Török, in: "Fontes Historiae Nubiorum: Textual Sources for the History of the Middle Nile Region between the Eighth Century BC and the Sixth Century AD." Volume III: "From the First to the Sixth Century AD." University of Bergen Press, Bergen 1998, ISBN 82-91626-07-3, p. 1073.

## Infobox (pharaoh)

- **name**: Patrepeamani
- **role**: List of monarchs of Kush, Queen regnant of Meroë
- **image**: Patrepeamani.png
- **caption**: Artwork depicting a Kushite queen regnant in pyramid Beg. N 26, identified by some scholars as the tomb of Patrepeamani.
- **burial**: Beg N. 26
- **predecessor**: (.)p(...)niñ
- **successor**: Amanipilade (Kandake), Amanipilade
Lhasa Gonggar International Airport

**Lhasa Airport** is the airport serving the Tibetan capital of Lhasa.

Lhasa Airport is one of the highest in the world. The airport was first built in 1965, and initially, domestic Chinese airlines began service in the airport. A second runway was built in 1994, the second terminal was built in 2004, and the third terminal was operational in 2021 due to demands. The airport had more than 6 million passengers in 2024.  Now, it flies to China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Nepal, and Singapore, depending on the very few airlines stationed there. No airlines have hubs there but it is still an important landing spot during emergencies on the so-called roof of the world.

In case of an emergency cause by freezing temperatures, high turbulence, mountains on the roof of the world creating dangerous emergency landings, and a lack of airports, the Tibet-Qinghai plateau is very dangerous to fly over. Even Allied pilots suffered a stretch over the Himalayas called the Hump.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Lhasa Gonggar International Airport
- **image**: Lhasa Gonggar Airport - 01.jpg
- **image-width**: 250
- **iata**: LXA
- **icao**: ZULS
- **image map**: File:ZULS-1.pdf
- **image map caption**: CAAC airport chart
- **type**: Public
- **location**: Gonggar County, Shannan, Tibet, Shannan,  Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
- **hub**: Tibet Airlines
- **elevation-m**: 3570
- **pushpin map**: China Tibet#China
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Tibet##Location in China
- **pushpin label**: **LXA**/ZULS
- **metric-elev**: y
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 09L/27R
- **r1-length-m**: 4000
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt concrete, Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 09R/27L
- **r2-length-f**: 13123
- **r2-length-m**: 4000
- **r2-surface**: Concrete
- **r3-number**: A
- **r3-length-f**: 13123
- **r3-length-m**: 4000
- **r3-surface**: Concrete
- **stat-year**: 2023
- **stat1-header**: Passengers
- **stat1-data**: 5,471,404
- **stat2-header**: Cargo (in tons)
- **stat2-data**: 41,613.2
- **stat3-header**: Aircraft movements
- **stat3-data**: 44,908
- **footnotes**: Source: List of the busiest airports in China


## Infobox (chinese)

- **title**: Lhasa Gonggar International Airport
- **order**: st
- **t**: 拉薩貢嘎國際機場
- **p**: Lāsà Gònggá Guójì Jīchǎng
- **w**: La<sup>1</sup>-sa<sup>4</sup>  Kung<sup>4</sup>-ka<sup>2</sup> Kuo<sup>2</sup>-chi<sup>4</sup> Chi<sup>1</sup>-ch'ang<sup>3</sup>
- **tib**: ལྷ་ས་གོང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནམ་གྲུ་ཐང་
- **wylie**: lha sa gong dkar rgyal spyi'i gnam gru thang
Barbara Freiberg

**Barbara Reich Freiberg** is a former teacher and a politician. She has been a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the 70th district since 2020.

In 2010, Freiberg was elected to the East Baton Rouge Parish School Board for District 7 and was elected again in 2014. On December 10, 2016, she was elected to the Metro Council in Baton Rouge, representing District 12. She served there until she was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Barbara Freiberg
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **predecessor**: Franklin Foil
- **district**: 70th
- **education**: Louisiana Tech University (Bachelor of Arts, BA) / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Master of Arts, MA)
Igor Ivitskiy

Dr. **Igor Ivitskiy** is a Ukrainian mathematician specializing in fluid dynamics, non-Newtonian materials, and computer modeling.

## Overview

He has authored over 200 scientific publications, patents, and monographs. He has been awarded multiple honors, including the President of Ukraine's Prize for Young Scientists and recognition as the Young Scientist of the Year.

## Early life and education

Born in Odessa to a military family, Ivitskiy moved to Kyiv with his family in 1994. In 2011, Igor Ivitskiy captained the KPI engineering team that won first place at the national stage of the European BEST Engineering Competition and subsequently ranked among the top five teams in the final round in Istanbul, Turkey. In 2012, he graduated from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute with a master's degree. He also received a second degree at the National Aviation University, specializing in Computer Systems and Networks.

## Career

He continued to explore the mathematical modeling of non-Newtonian fluids and polymer composites, writing over 200 scholarly works and more than 50 patents. His work has been cited over 300 times, with an h-index of 12. Ivitskiy has served as the General Chair, keynote speaker, and committee member at numerous international conferences, including International Conference on Cloud Computer, IoT and Intelligence System, ICAMMCE, ISCMRE, Science and Engineering Research Center, and others.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Igor Ivitskiy
- **other names**: Ігор Івіцький, Игорь Ивицкий
- **title**: PhD
- **nationality**: Ukrainians, Ukrainian
- **awards**: _:uk:Премія Президента України для молодих вчених, President of Ukraine Award for Young Scientists_, Young Scientist of the Year
- **education**: Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in Engineering, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
- **occupation**: Mathematician
- **known for**: Mathematical model, Mathematical modeling, digital marketing
Alsodes igneus

***Alsodes igneus*** is a frog.  It lives in Chile.

## Body

This frog has a short nose, a black stripe low on its face, no stripes on its legs, and no webbed skin on its feet. The iris of the eye is yellow-gold in color with black lines.

## Home

Scientists first saw the adult frogs near a small stream in a forest. Scientists saw it in two protected places: Tolhuaca National Park and in forest in the Universidad Austral de Chile.

## Young

Scientists saw tadpoles swimming in a stream near the adults.

## Threats

Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. Forest fires can kill this frog. Human beings also change the forests where the frog lives to make pine tree farms and eucalyptus tree farms. There is also less rain and it is hotter.
Mega Man Battle Network

**Mega Man Battle Network** is a video game developed by Capcom Production Studio 2 (a subsidiary of Capcom) and released by Capcom, it is a spinoff of the Mega Man series.

it was first released in March of 2001 on the console Game Boy Advance in Japan and October 31st, 2001 in North America, it would later get re-released on the Wii U virtual console.
this game in specific was re-released for the second time in 2023 on the Nintendo Switch

in 2002, it received a anime adaptation titled "Mega Man NT Warrior" that aired in Japan until 2005, this adaptation also got a Viz Media dub that aired on Kids' WB in America.

previously, the game's ESRB rating was E, but with the Nintendo Switch re-release, it has been changed to E10+.

## Development

the game began development as a horror game, but it became a RPG-styled game after Capcom wanted to capitalize off Nintendo's Pokémon franchise.
Rafi Bistritzer

**Rafi Bistritzer** (born 1974, Israel) is an Israeli physicist and head of an algorithm research group at Applied Materials.

## Biography

Bistritzer studied physics at Tel Aviv University, where he received his bachelor's degree in 2000. He earned his master's degree in 2003 and his PhD in 2007 from the Weizmann Institute of Science.

After completing his studies, he moved to the United States for a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin, working with Professor Allan H. MacDonald. There, he studied the theory of twisted bilayer graphene. He and MacDonald predicted that two layers of graphene twisted at a “magic angle” of 1.1 degrees could become superconductors.

Their theoretical work inspired later experiments by Pablo Jarillo-Herrero at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 2018, Jarillo-Herrero’s team confirmed Bistritzer and MacDonald’s predictions. This research led to the creation of a new field called twistronics (a term first used by Jarillo-Herrero and colleagues).

In 2020, Bistritzer, MacDonald, and Jarillo-Herrero were jointly awarded the Wolf Prize in Physics for their "pioneering theoretical and experimental work on twisted bilayer graphene."

In March 2011, Bistritzer returned to Israel and joined Aspect Imaging as a physicist, where he led a research and development team working on rheology. In 2013, he joined Medtronic as head of the physics group. Since December 2015, he has worked at Applied Materials, leading a research team focused on computer vision and machine learning.

As of 2020, Bistritzer lives in Petah Tikva, Israel.
Coordination number

The **coordination number** of an atom is the number of other atoms that are "next to" it in a chemical compound. In the simplest cases, this counts the chemical bonds of an atom in a molecule. The definition gets more complicated with coordination complexes and crystalline ionic compounds.
Greater Santo Domingo

**Greater Santo Domingo** is the city with the largest population in the Dominican Republic with almost 4,000,000 people.
T-shaped molecular geometry

**T-shaped molecular geometry** is a type of molecular geometry. An atom in a molecule has this geometry if it has chemical bonds to three other atoms, with two of them on opposite sides of the middle atom in a straight line, and the bond to the other atom is perpendicular to that line.

T-shaped molecular geometry is found in hypervalent molecules where the central atom has three bonds and two lone pairs. (In AXE notation, these are  molecules.)

It is related to trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry. The perpendicular atom is one corner of the base of the bipyramid, and the lone pairs are the other two.
Honduran lempira

**Honduran lempira** is the national currency of Honduras and  is equal to 26.02 dollars as of May 21,2025.It is referred to by the symbol HNL and L. Lempira is named after a 16th century ruler known as Lempira who is a national hero and is honored in the 1 Lempira note and 20 and 50 centavos coins.For banknotes there are 1,2,5,10,20,50,100,200,500 Lempiras.

Coins

There are 1,2,5,10,20,and 50 centavo coins. 50 centavos are equal to 0.04 USD.
Glam punk

**Glam punk** is a subgenre of rock that combines glam styles with early punk music.

## Origins

Proto-punk started out in late 1960s, and early 1970s. The New York Dolls, also known as the godfathers of glam, started adding the style of glam to the punk genre.   It showed the development of both punk rock and glam punk.

## Popularity uprising

In the mid/late 1970s, more bands started developing into the sound of punk. By 1975, glam punk had helped develop the genre punk rock, with bands like the Ramones, The Runaways, and the Sex Pistols.

## Influence

Glam punk has had a huge influence on music history, with helping the development of punk music and the glam style. It also helped with developing the sound of other punk bands.
George Washington and Jefferson National Forests

**George Washington and Jefferson National Forests** are two big public forests in the United States. They are managed together as one forest area. The forests are 1.8 million acres (7,300 km²). Most of the land is in the Appalachian Mountains in the states of Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Around 1 million acres (4,000 km²) of the forests are wild and have no buildings or roads. Some parts of the forests are called wilderness areas. These places are protected and cannot be developed in the future.

## History

The George Washington National Forest started on May 16, 1918. It was first called the Shenandoah National Forest. It was renamed in 1932 after George Washington, the first President of the United States. Later, in 1933, the Natural Bridge National Forest was added to it.

The Jefferson National Forest was created in 1936. It was made from parts of the George Washington Forest, the Unaka Forest, and other land.

In 1995, the two forests were joined together for management. The main office is in Roanoke, Virginia.

## Plants and animals

The George Washington and Jefferson National Forests have many different kinds of plants. There are more than 50 kinds of trees and over 2,000 kinds of shrubs and small plants.

The forests also have about 230,000 acres (930 km²) of old-growth trees. These are trees that have been growing for a very long time and have not been cut down. Many different types of forests grow in these areas. Some places with old-growth forests include Peters Mountain, Mount Pleasant National Scenic Area, Rich Hole Wilderness, Flannery Ridge, Pick Breeches Ridge, Laurel Fork Gorge, Pickem Mountain, and the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area. The Ramsey's Draft Wilderness and Kimberling Creek Wilderness are mostly old-growth forests.

Many kinds of animals live in the forests. The American black bear is common. There is even a short hunting season to help keep the number of bears under control. Other animals in the forests include white-tailed deer, bobcat, bald eagle, weasel, otter and marten.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
- **photo**: White Rocks Little Sluice Mountain GWNF.jpg
- **photo caption**: White Rocks on Little Sluice Mountain in George Washington National Forest.
- **map image**: Va nationalforests.png
- **map caption**: Location of George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
- **location**: United States
- **area acre**: 1790933
- **established**: 1995
- **website**: [http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/gwj George Washington and Jefferson National Forests]
Eocarcharodon

***Eocarcharodon*** is a extinct potencialy dubious genus of megatoothed sharks that lived probably in Early Eocene, between 53 and 48 milion years ago. The only know species, ***E. rondelettiformis***, was named by Menner, in 1932 originally as Lamnid, but reclassified as Otodontid by Glickman in 1964.

Your validity are now in dispute, he is now considered a _nomen nudum_, probably synonym of other know Otodontid, probably the giant shark _Otodus obliquus_.

## Classification_u_

The _E. rondelettiformis_ was describried in 1932 by the Menner, the same discovery of the _Otodus aksuaticus_, and was classified originaly a extinct species of White shark. But was reclassified in extinct family Otodontidae by Glickman in 1964.

### Distribuition

The originaly fossils of _E. rondelettiformis_ was "lost", but old articles cited that the species lived in Atlas, Africa.
Natural Tunnel State Park

**Natural Tunnel State Park** is a state park in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is named after the Natural Tunnel, a large natural cave. The tunnel is so big that a railroad goes through it. The park is in the Appalachian Mountains, near the town of Duffield in Scott County.

The Natural Tunnel is 200 feet (61 meters) wide and 80 feet (24 meters) high. It began forming more than one million years ago. Rainwater mixed with carbonic acid went into small cracks in the rock. This water slowly dissolved limestone and dolomite, two types of rock. Over time, a small river—now called Stock Creek—went underground. It kept cutting through the rock and helped make the tunnel bigger. The walls of the tunnel show signs of very old life. Many fossils have been found in the creek and in the tunnel walls.

## Infobox (tunnel)

- **name**: Natural Tunnel
- **image**: 2013.VA.NaturalTunnelSP.RyanBerkheimer (8339448556).jpg
- **caption**: The Natural Tunnel, still in use as a railroad tunnel
- **location**: Natural Tunnel State Park, Scott County, Virginia, Scott County, Virginia, United States
- **opened**: 1894
- **owner**: Commonwealth of Virginia
- **operator**: Norfolk Southern Railway
- **traffic**: Coal Freight train, Haulage
- **character**: Naturally formed limestone cave converted to a railroad tunnel
- **construction**: 1893
- **el**: No
- **height**: Portals:
 Max:
Johnny Ramone

**John William Cummings**, also known as Johnny Ramone, was an American guitarist who was well known in the punk community and for his work with the Ramones.

## Formation of Ramones

In early 1970s, Cummings, met his friend Douglas Glenn Colvin, they both expressed their love for early punk music, then in later years, they invited Jeffrey Ross Hyman, to be in a band with them, after some lineup changes they found themselves with, Colvin on bass, Cummings on guitar, and Jeffrey on lead vocals, after some later time, the band found themselves putting their manager, Thomas Erdelyi, on the drumset**.** The formation of the band Ramones was complete.

## Fame

Johnny Ramone is known as one of the greatest guitarists of all time, and one of the greatest punk musicians. He is known for this because of the time spent with Ramones and his influence on the punk rock genre. Ramones dominate punk rock with hits like, Blitzkrieg Bop, I Wanna Be Sedated, Shenna Is A Punk Rocker, and Pet Sematary.

## Influence on music

Johnny Ramone, and Ramones have had a lasting influence on rock/punk music, and other bands.
Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry

**Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry** is a type of molecular geometry. Molecules with this geometry have a central atom surrounded by five other atoms. Two of the outer atoms make a straight line through the center atom, and the other three make a (roughly) equilateral triangle surrounding it. The triangle is perpendicular to the line.

Triangular bipyramidal molecules where the central atom is a main-group element are considered hypervalent.

Several geometries with fewer atoms are related to trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry. They are shaped like trigonal bipyramids with one or more atoms replaced with lone pairs:
- Replacing one atom with a lone pair gives seesaw molecular geometry,
- Replacing two atoms with lone pairs gives T-shaped molecular geometry,
- Replacing three atoms with lone pairs gives a type of linear molecular geometry,
Manjača camp

The **Manjača camp** was a concentration camp on mount Manjača near Banja Luka during the Bosnian War (1991‒95).

## Overview

The Manjača camp was run by the Yugoslav People's Army and the Republika Srpska to illegally detain thousands of Bosniak and Croatian male prisoners. It is estimated that about 5,000 persons passed through the camp.

## Prisoners

The International Committee of the Red Cross said that the camp held 3,737 prisoners, where mass murders happened. Hundreds of deaths were recorded.

## International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) made its ruling on February 26, 2007. In relation to Article II (b) of the Genocide Convention, the Court stated:

## Recent events

Some of the Republika Srpska's officials who ran the camp have since been indicted for genocide, crimes against humanity and other war crimes, including Milomir Stakić and Stojan Župljanin. Several of them have been convicted.

## Related pages

- Ratko Mladić
- Bosnian genocide
- Slobodan Milošević
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether

**Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether** (acronym BADGE or DGEBA) is an organic compound. It is an ingredient in epoxy resin.

## Preparation

BADGE is made by alkylation of the hydroxy groups of bisphenol A. Epichlorohydrin is the main reactant, and produces hydrochloric acid as a byproduct.
Otodontidae

**Otodontidae** is an extinct family of mackreel sharks that lived in Cretaceous to Pleistocene. The more famous species of the family is the Megalodon. The genus inclued disputed genus, the _Parotodus_ from example. The family inclued others extinct genus as the _Megalolamna_ and the dubious _Megaselachus_.
Kareem Ali Shah

**Pir Syed Kareem Ali Shah** (December 22, 1879 - July 2, 1932) was a Twelver Shī'ah scholar, Sufi, public speaker, and poet from Punjab, British India (now part of India).

## Works

- _Haqoomat-Ka-Nizam_
- _نريد الاستقلال_
- _الإسلام والهندوسية_
- _Mulfuzaat-e-Kareem-Ali-Shah_ (_Sayings of Kareem Ali Shah_)
- _Al-Tashia-Waltsov_
- _الشيعة والسنة_

## Death

Shah passed away in either 1929 or 1932 in Amritsar, Punjab, which was then part of British India. His shrine is located in Amritsar, India.

## Shrine

The shrine of Pir Syed Kareem Ali Shah, built by Shia Muslims in British India, was completed in 1940. Murtaza Ali Jutt constructed the minarets, while Sahabzada Haider Khan did the gold work on the gate and dome. The inner sanctum features a silver-canopied grave and wooden Quran stands for devotees. Millions of devotees visit the tomb each year.

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **name**: Kareem Ali Shah
- **religion**: Islam
- **denomination**: Shia Islam
- **location**: British Raj, British India
- **title**: Sayyid, Syed
- **birth place**: Punjab Province (British India), Punjab, British Raj, British India (now part of India)
- **birth name**: Syed Kareem Ali Shah
- **death place**: Amritsar, Punjab Province (British India), Punjab, British Raj, British India
Weaponized incompetence

In psychology, **weaponized incompetence** refers to a tactic by which someone avoids their own duties by claiming that they are not good at a task. Psychologist Dr. Susan Albers said that weaponized incompetence occurs in both workplace and romantic relationships.

## Examples

- Someone refuses to improve on certain tasks
- Someone blames their partner for not showing them how to do a task

## Impact

Weaponized incompetence can cause hatred, damaging trust in a relationship.
Tun Tun Nyi

**Tun Tun Nyi** (; ; born Myanmar) is a Burmese military officer who served as the vice chairman of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team, the media and public relations group of the Tatmadaw (Myanmar military). He was known as a spokesperson for the military during major events like the 2021 military coup.

## Early life and education

Not much is known about Tun Tun Nyi's early life or education. It is believed that he studied at the Defence Services Academy, like many senior officers in the military.

## Military career

Tun Tun Nyi served in the Myanmar Army and became a major general. Around 2018, he was appointed vice chairman of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team. In this role, he often appeared at press conferences to explain the military’s position on political and military events.

## Role in military media

As vice chairman, Tun Tun Nyi helped defend the military’s actions, especially after the Rohingya conflict in 2017 and the 2021 military coup. He often appeared alongside military spokesperson Major General Zaw Min Tun. After the coup, the media team became less active.

## Personal life

There is little public information about Tun Tun Nyi’s personal life.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Tun Tun Nyi
- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
Major General
- **image**: General Tun Tun Nyi at a press conference of Tatmadaw True News Information Team on 18 January 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Tun Tun Nyi during a Tatmadaw True News Information Team press conference in 2019
- **office**: Vice Chairman of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team
- **term start**: 2018
- **term end**: 2021
- **rank**: Major General
- **leader1**: Major General Zaw Min Tun (general), Zaw Min Tun
Hypervalent molecule

A **hypervalent molecule** is a molecule where an atom seems to have too many electrons or chemical bonds. Normally, this means a main-group element that has more than the eight valence electrons predicted by the octet rule. An example of a hypervalent molecule is sulfuric acid, where the sulfur atom is drawn with six chemical bonds instead of four.

According to modern theories of bonding, these molecules do not really violate the octet rule. In molecular orbital theory, the electrons do not belong to the central atom, but shared by the outer atoms in a non-bonding orbitals. In valence bond theory, hypervalent molecules are resonance structures where the inner atom has a positive formal charge and the extra electrons are shared by the outer electrons.

In the case of sulfuric acid, the sulfur atom does not have any  double bonds: instead, the sulfur atom and non-acidic oxygen atoms have partial charges. IUPAC rules prefer drawing the double bonds rather than showing partial charges, with the understanding that it represents resonance and not a true double bond.
Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry

**Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry** is a type of molecular geometry. An atom in a molecule has this geometry if it has chemical bonds connecting it to three other atoms, the outer atoms make a (roughly) equilateral triangle, and this triangle is not on the same plane as the central atom. This makes the atoms the corners of a triangular pyramid.

Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry occurs because the central atom has one lone pair, which pushes the outer atoms and their bonds away as predicted by VSEPR theory. It is related to tetrahedral molecular geometry, which has a similar shape but with one more atom instead of the lone pair.
Canada men's cricket team

In the sport of cricket, the **Canada men's team** is administered by Cricket Canada, which became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1968. Canada played their first One Day International (ODI) in 1979, having qualified for that year's edition of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup. They now hold ODI status within the ICC.

Canada played in cricket's first-ever international match, which was against the United States in 1844. Canada won the match by 23 runs. It was played on the St George's Club Ground, New York City, between 24 and 26 September.
United States men's cricket team

The United States men's cricket team represents the United States in International Cricket.

In the sport of cricket, the **United States men's team** is administered by USA Cricket, which became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1965. The team played their first One Day International (ODI) in 2004, having qualified for that year's edition of the ICC Champions Trophy. They now hold ODI status within the ICC.

The United States hosted cricket's first-ever international match, which was against Canada in 1844.It was a significant event, billed as "United States of America versus the British Empire's Canadian Province," and marked the first time two nations played each other in any sport, the match resulted Canada winning by 23 runs.

This marked the long going rivalry between USA and Canada in International cricket history.

## The Ashes and USA-Canada cricket rivalry

The Ashes

## T20 World Cup history

USA´s history in T20 World Cup.

## Infobox (cricket team)

- **name**: India
- **image**: USA_Cricket_logo.svg
- **caption**: National flag
- **association**: USA Cricket (USAC)
- **test status year**: 1932
- **first test**: v.  at Lord's (25/28 June 1932)
- **first odi**: v.  at Headingley Stadium,  Leeds (13 July 1974)
- **first t20i**: v.  at Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg (1 December 2006)
Winston Davis

**Winston Walter Davis** (born 18 September 1958) is a former international cricketer from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. He was a fast bowler who played in 15 Test matches and 35 One Day Internationals for the West Indies. In domestic cricket, he represented the Windward Islands from 1979/80 to 1991/92. He spent several seasons in England and Wales, playing for Glamorgan from 1982 to 1984, and for Northamptonshire from 1982 to 1984. In addition, he was with Tasmania in 1985/86, and with Wellington in 1990/91
Mike Findlay

**Thaddeus Michael Findlay** (born 19 October 1943) is a former international cricketer from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. He was a wicket-keeper who played in ten Test matches for the West Indies. In domestic cricket, he represented the Windward Islands from 1964/65 to 1977/78. He was awarded an MBE for services to cricket.
Akiko Wada

**Akiko Wada** (born April 10, 1950) is a Japanese singer, talent, presenter, actress, and radio personality. Her talent agency is Horipro Inc. Her record company is Universal Music.

Wadas real name is **Akiko** Iizuka (maiden name: Wada). She was born as a Korean resident of Japan and later became a naturalized Japanese citizen. Her real name before naturalization was Kim **Bok** -ja (  ), and her common name was **Gimhae Bok-ja** (Kaneumi Fukuko)  .

Her nicknames are Akko, Ako, and God Sister.
Mio Mao

***Mio Mao*** is an Italian stop-motion animated comedy educational children's television series created by Francesco Misseri, which rans from 6 January 1974 (hiatus shown from 30 June 1974 to 5 September 2005) to 26 February 2007 aired on Programma Nazionale strand and later Rai Yoyo after the third series in Italy and Milkshake! in the United Kingdom (serieses 2―3). The episodes are narrated and the characters are voiced by Derek Griffths through second to third series in the UK dub.

The programme aimed at babies and toddlers, it is featured stars an anthropomorphic kittens named Mio (Francesco Misseri, male red side) and Mao (Piero Barbetti, female white side), they set involve of curiosity to reflect the objects and solutions.

## Broadcast

_Mio Mao_ aired on Programma Nazionale strand in Italy and later Milkshake! in the United Kingdom. On 10 November 2006, it was internationally aired on Rai Yoyo. On 15 October 2007, BabyFirst airs the first two seasons in the US as a part of flower colour _Imagination Lane_ until 30 June 2025.

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Francesco Misseri
- **writer**: Francesco Misseri
- **director**: Ianfranco Baldi (series 1)
- **narrator**: Derek Griffins (Milkshake!)
- **end theme**: "Mio Mao Lalla Lalla Là" (instrumental)
- **composer**: Piero Barbetti
- **num series**: 3
- **num episodes**: 18 (78 segments)
- **list episodes**: List of Mio Mao episodes
- **runtime**: 28 minutes (four to five 5-minute segments)
- **producer**: Augusti Righi (series 1)
- **company**: **1974 series**: PMBB
**2005 series**: Misseri Studio and Associati Audiovisvi
- **network**: Rai 1, Programma Nazionale and Rai Yoyo (Italy)
Milkshake! (UK)
- **related**: _Quaq Quao_
_The Red and the Blue_
Sissyneck

**"Sissyneck"** is a song by the American musician Beck. It was released on the 1996 album _Odelay_. It was the fourth single from the album.

It was released as a single in 1997.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Sissyneck
- **artist**: Beck
- **album**: Odelay
- **label**: DGC
- **year**: 1996
Thank God for Mental Illness

***Thank God for Mental Illness*** is the fifth studio album by The Brian Jonestown Massacre. The album was released on October 25, 1996.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Thank God for Mental Illness
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: The Brian Jonestown Massacre
- **released**: October 25, 1996
- **recorded**: July 11, 1996
- **studio**: Our House (San Francisco)
- **genre**: Psychedelic folk, country rock, country blues, Lo-fi music, lo-fi, folk rock
- **length**: 63:43
- **label**: Bomp!
- **producer**: Anton Newcombe
- **prev title**: Their Satanic Majesties' Second Request
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Give It Back!
- **next year**: 1997
Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team

The **Trinidad and Tobago men's cricket team** is organised by the Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board (TTCB). Although it is the national team of Trinidad and Tobago, it does not play international matches. The TTCB is a member of Cricket West Indies, formerly known as the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB), which represents several Caribbean nations in the International Cricket Council (ICC). Trinidadians play internationally for the West Indies.

The team has been active since 1869. It plays its home matches at the Queen's Park Oval in Port of Spain.
Guyana men's cricket team

The **Guyana men's cricket team** is organised by the Guyana Cricket Board (GCB). Although it is the national team of Guyana, it does not play international matches. The GCB is a member of Cricket West Indies, formerly known as the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB), which represents several Caribbean nations in the International Cricket Council (ICC). Guyanans play internationally for the West Indies.

The team has been active since 1865. It was originally called Demerara, and then British Guiana, before it became Guyana in 1966. Home matches are played at the Providence Stadium. The team formerly played at the Bourda, in Georgetown.
Jamaica men's cricket team

The **Jamaica men's cricket team** is organised by the Jamaica Cricket Association (JCA). Although it is the national team of Jamaica, it does not play international matches. The JCA is a member of Cricket West Indies, formerly known as the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB), which represents several Caribbean nations in the International Cricket Council (ICC). Jamaicans play internationally for the West Indies.

The team has been active since 30 March 1895, when it played against R. S. Lucas' XI, the first English team to tour the West Indies. Home matches are played at Sabina Park, in Kingston.
Mhaibib

## Geographical Position

**Mhaibib** (also spelled _“Muhaibib”_) is a village located at 33° 9’ 17”N, 35° 30’ 20” E in the Marjayoun District of the Nabatieh Governorate in Lebanon. Only about 2 kilometres separate the village and the Israeli border.<mapframe latitude="33.099595" longitude="35.589523" zoom="10" width="266" height="215">{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [ 35.511932, 33.154224 ]
      }
    }
  ]
}</mapframe>The village is located in the very southern part of Lebanon, close to the border with Israel and _the_ _Blue Line_. Speaking from the etymological perspective, the meaning behind the name _‘Mhaibib’_ means ‘the lover’/ ‘the beloved’. The Israeli military confirmed that the cause behind the bombing of the village was to destroy Hezbollah’s underground tunnels. On the other hand, the village has explicit connection to the Islamic religion itself: there is an important shrine of Prophet Benjamin, who was the son of the Prophet Jacob.

## Relevance

During the start of the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the Mhaibib nearly completely destroyed by a series of Israeli missile strikes. Videos of its destruction were verified by the New York Times newspaper and satellite imagery. A video started circulating on October 16th, 2024 of Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) soldiers viewing the destruction of the village. The IDF later made a statement that the video was allegedly of the destruction of a large tunnel network underneath the village.

The Lebanese narrative believes that the purpose of the attack was to erase the important cultural and religious sites in the village.

||Before Israeli bombing|After Israeli bombing|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Population|around 1100|0|
Alsodes norae

***Alsodes norae*** is a frog.  It lives in Chile.

## Body

The adult frog is 30.6 - 61.4 mm long from nose to rear end. The tops of the head and legs are bright yellow and black in color.  There is a yellow triangle on the head. There is a mark on the head in the shape of a bat with open wings.  There are bar stripes on the back legs. The bottoms of the back legs are yellow. The belly is light brown with dark marks. The top of the iris of the eye is gold or yellow-bronze in color with black lines.

## Home

This frog lives in forests with Nothofagus plants where there is water in the air. People see them under logs.

Scientists saw it in one protected place: Parque Oncol, which is a private park. They also saw it near an ecological reserve in Llenehue and they think it might live in this park too.

Scientists have seen this frog between 400 and 700 meters above sea level.

## Young

Scientists believe this frog hatches out of its egg as a tadpole, like other frogs in _Alsodes_.

## Threats

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Cutting down too many trees and building too many buildings might hurt this frog.
Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park

**Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park** is a provincial park located in central Alberta, Canada, located approximately 103 km south of Red Deer and 16 km east of Trochu. The park is located along the Red Deer River and is formed by Badlands. Its name derives from the large plateau in the middle of the park, 200 m above the Red Deer River, which has never been developed by humans and retains its pristine grasslands.

The park is located at an altitude ranging from 720 m to 875 m and has an area of 15.9 <abbr>km<sup>2</sup></abbr>.

The park is the site of an ancient buffalo jump, where Indigenous people used to push bison herds to the cliffs to sustain themselves. The hills also have rare flora and fauna. The park contains the largest _Albertosaurus_ deposit in the world, discovered by Barnum Brown in the early <abbr>twentieth</abbr> century and developed by Dr. Phil Currie in 1997.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **wikidata**: yes
- **zoom**: 9


## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park
- **photo**: Dry Island Provincial Park2.jpg
- **photo caption**: Panoramic view
- **map**: Canada Alberta
- **relief**: yes
- **map caption**: Location of Dry Island Park in Alberta
- **location**: Kneehill County / Alberta, Canada
- **nearest city**: Trochu, Alberta, Trochu, Red Deer, Alberta, Red Deer
- **area km2**: 34.5
- **established**: December 15, 1970
- **governing body**: Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation
Robin Hull

**Robin Hull**, born August 16, 1974, in England, is a Finnish professional snooker player and the only professional player from that country.

## Career

He has made more than 135 centuries during his career, making him one of the players who has made the most breaks at this level among those who have been in the top 16 in the world.

Hull is, with Ken Doherty, Thepchaiya Un-Nooh, Barry Pinches and Mark Selby, one of the five players who missed the last black ball to complete the famous maximum break of 147 points.

## Infobox (snooker player)

- **name**: Robin Hull
- **image**: Robin Hull PHC 2017-4.jpg
- **caption**: Hull at the 2017 Paul Hunter Classic
- **birth place**: Espoo, Uusimaa, Finland
- **professional**: 1993–1997, 1998–2008, 2011/2012, 2013–2019
- **high ranking**: 32 (Snooker world rankings 2003/2004, 2003/2004)
- **best finish**: Quarter-final (x3)