juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Surville, Calvados

**Surville, Calvados** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in northwestFrance.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Surville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Surville 1689.JPG
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Pont-l'Évêque
- **insee**: 14682
- **postal code**: 14130
- **mayor**: Yolande Jacquin
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Blangy Pont-l'Évêque Intercom
- **elevation m**: 44
- **elevation min m**: 12
- **elevation max m**: 141
- **area km2**: 4.80
Tessel

**Tessel** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Thaon

**Thaon** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Thiéville

**Thiéville** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.

The growth of the population of this commune is shown here:

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Thiéville
- **arrondissement**: Arrondissement of Lisieux, Lisieux
- **canton**: Canton of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives
- **insee**: 14688
- **postal code**: 14170
- **mayor**: Pierre Daigremont
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes des Trois Rivières (Calvados), Communauté de communes des Trois Rivières
- **elevation m**: 28
- **elevation min m**: 22
- **elevation max m**: 49
- **area km2**: 3.94
- **population**: 302
- **population date**: 2006
Thury-Harcourt

**Thury-Harcourt** is a former commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Hom.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Thury-Harcourt
- **image**: Thury-Harcourt 01.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Thury-Harcourt (Calvados).svg
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Thury-Harcourt
- **insee**: 14689
- **postal code**: 14220
- **mayor**: Paul Chandelier
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **intercommunality**: Suisse Normande
- **elevation m**: 100
- **elevation min m**: 18
- **elevation max m**: 156
- **area km2**: 4.90
- **population**: 1914
- **population date**: 2008
Tierceville

**Tierceville** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Ponts sur Seulles.
Tilly-la-Campagne

**Tilly-la-Campagne** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Castine-en-Plaine.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tilly-la-Campagne
- **image**: Tilly-la-Campagne - Christmas.jpg
- **caption**: Town hall at Christmas
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Évrecy
- **commune**: Castine-en-Plaine
- **insee**: 14691
- **postal code**: 14540
- **elevation m**: 90
- **elevation min m**: 57
- **elevation max m**: 85
- **area km2**: 3.55
Tilly-sur-Seulles

**Tilly-sur-Seulles** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tilly-sur-Seulles
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: FranceNormandieTillySurSeullesEglise.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Tilly-sur-Seulles 14.svg
- **arrondissement**: Bayeux
- **canton**: Bretteville-l'Orgueilleuse
- **insee**: 14692
- **postal code**: 14250
- **mayor**: Olivier Quesnot
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Seulles Terre et Mer
- **elevation m**: 75
- **elevation min m**: 44
- **elevation max m**: 122
- **area km2**: 8.98
Tordouet

**Tordouet** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valorbiquet.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tordouet
- **image**: Vue Tordouet.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Tordouet (Calvados).svg
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Orbec
- **insee**: 14693
- **postal code**: 14290
- **mayor**: Isabelle Rojkoff
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Pays de l'Orbiquet
- **elevation m**: 100
- **elevation min m**: 88
- **elevation max m**: 181
- **area km2**: 6.76
- **population**: 280
- **population date**: 2008
Torteval-Quesnay

**Torteval-Quesnay** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Aurseulles.
Tortisambert

**Tortisambert** was a commune. It was in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Livarot-Pays-d'Auge.
Touffréville

**Touffréville** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Touques, Calvados

**Touques, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **intercommunality**: Cœur Côte Fleurie
- **insee**: 14699
- **area km2**: 8.13
- **canton**: Honfleur-Deauville
- **caption**: The church in Touques
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Touques 1661.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: CoA_fr_Touques.svg
- **mayor**: Colette Nouvel-Rousselot
- **name**: Touques
Tour-en-Bessin

**Tour-en-Bessin** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Tourgéville

**Tourgéville** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tourgéville
- **image**: DeauvilleClairefontaine.jpg
- **caption**: Entrance of the Deauville-Clairefontaine Racecourse
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Tourgéville.svg
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Trouville-sur-Mer
- **insee**: 14701
- **postal code**: 14800
- **mayor**: Hervé Van Colen
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Cœur Côte Fleurie
- **elevation m**: 15
- **elevation min m**: 2
- **elevation max m**: 100
- **area km2**: 12.01
- **population**: 848
- **population date**: 1999
Tournay-sur-Odon

**Tournay-sur-Odon** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val d'Arry.
Tournebu

**Tournebu** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cesny-les-Sources.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tournebu
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Thury-Harcourt
- **insee**: 14703
- **postal code**: 14220
- **mayor**: Jean Vanryckeghem
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **elevation m**: 150
- **elevation min m**: 109
- **elevation max m**: 188
- **area km2**: 11.4
- **population**: 295
- **population date**: 1,999
Tournières

**Tournières** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tournières
- **arrondissement**: Bayeux
- **canton**: Balleroy
- **insee**: 14705
- **postal code**: 14330
- **intercommunality**: Balleroy Le Molay-Littry
- **elevation m**: 64
- **elevation min m**: 34
- **elevation max m**: 76
- **area km2**: 3.41
- **population**: 171
- **population date**: 1999
Tourville-en-Auge

**Tourville-en-Auge** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Tourville-sur-Odon

**Tourville-sur-Odon** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Tracy-Bocage

**Tracy-Bocage** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tracy-Bocage
- **image**: Tracy-Bocage 01.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Canton of Villers-Bocage, Calvados, Villers-Bocage
- **insee**: 14708
- **postal code**: 14310
- **mayor**: Philippe Frémond,
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Villers-Bocage Intercom
- **elevation m**: 137
- **elevation min m**: 95
- **elevation max m**: 189
- **area km2**: 5.24
- **population**: 348
- **population date**: 2008
Tracy-sur-Mer

**Tracy-sur-Mer** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tracy-sur-Mer
- **image**: TracySurMerEgliseSainteMartine.jpg
- **caption**: Church of Saint Martin
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Tracy-sur-Mer (Calvados).svg
- **arrondissement**: Bayeux
- **canton**: Ryes
- **insee**: 14709
- **postal code**: 14117
- **mayor**: Eric Le Gagneur
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Bayeux
- **elevation m**: 5
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 74
- **area km2**: 3.72
- **population**: 240
- **population date**: 1999
Troarn

**Troarn** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saline, but this merger was undone on 31 December 2019.
Trois-Monts

**Trois-Monts** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Montillières-sur-Orne.
Trouville-sur-Mer

**Trouville-sur-Mer** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Trouville-sur-Mer
- **image**: Façades de Trouville - 07 mai 2005.JPG
- **caption**: Banks of the Touques River in Trouville
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Trouville-sur-Mer (Calvados).svg
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Trouville-sur-Mer
- **insee**: 14715
- **postal code**: 14360
- **mayor**: Christian Cardon
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **elevation m**: 5
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 148
- **area km2**: 6.79
- **population**: 5411
- **population date**: 1999
Trungy

**Trungy** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Truttemer-le-Grand

**Truttemer-le-Grand** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire-Normandie.
Truttemer-le-Petit

**Truttemer-le-Petit** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire-Normandie.
Tréprel

**Tréprel** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Trévières

**Trévières** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Trévières
- **image**: Trevieres village.jpeg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Trévières.svg
- **arrondissement**: Bayeux
- **canton**: Trévières
- **insee**: 14711
- **postal code**: 14710
- **intercommunality**: Trévières
- **elevation m**: 14
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 46
- **area km2**: 11.7
- **population**: 905
- **population date**: 1999
Urville, Calvados

**Urville, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Ussy

**Ussy** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Ussy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Eglise d'Ussy.JPG
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Falaise
- **insee**: 14720
- **postal code**: 14420
- **mayor**: Françoise Kedziora
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Falaise
- **elevation m**: 178
- **elevation min m**: 124
- **elevation max m**: 200
- **area km2**: 8.68
Vacognes-Neuilly

**Vacognes-Neuilly** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Valsemé

**Valsemé** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Valsemé
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Valsemé-01.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Valsemé (Calvados).svg
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Mézidon-Canon
- **insee**: 14723
- **postal code**: 14340
- **mayor**: Thierry Langlois
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Cambremer
- **elevation m**: 150
- **elevation min m**: 75
- **elevation max m**: 156
- **area km2**: 5.62
Varaville

**Varaville** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Varaville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Varaville église.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Varaville 14.svg
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Cabourg
- **insee**: 14724
- **postal code**: 14390
- **mayor**: Joseph Letorey
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Estuaire de la Dives
- **elevation m**: 20
- **elevation min m**: 2
- **elevation max m**: 20
- **area km2**: 16.49
Vassy, Calvados

**Vassy, Calvados** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Calvados department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Vassy
- **image**: FranceNormandieVassyEglise.jpg
- **caption**: Saint Martin Notre-Dame et Saint André
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Vassy 14.svg
- **arrondissement**: Vire
- **canton**: Condé-sur-Noireau
- **insee**: 14726
- **postal code**: 14410
- **mayor**: Michel Roca
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **elevation min m**: 103
- **elevation max m**: 260
- **area km2**: 31.01
- **population**: 1774
- **population date**: 2009
Vaubadon

**Vaubadon** is a former commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Balleroy-sur-Drôme.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Vaubadon
- **arrondissement**: Bayeux
- **canton**: Balleroy
- **insee**: 14727
- **postal code**: 14490
- **mayor**: Michel Granger
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Intercom Balleroy Le Molay-Littry
- **elevation min m**: 43
- **elevation max m**: 124
- **area km2**: 7.54
- **population**: 409
- **population date**: 2008
Vaucelles

**Vaucelles** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vaudeloges

**Vaudeloges** is a former commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department. This is in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.
Vaudry

**Vaudry** was a commune. It was in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire-Normandie.
Vauville, Calvados

**Vauville, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Vauville
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Pont-l'Évêque
- **insee**: 14731
- **postal code**: 14800
- **mayor**: Régine Curzydlo
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Cœur Côte Fleurie
- **elevation m**: 17
- **elevation min m**: 9
- **elevation max m**: 95
- **area km2**: 5.13
- **population**: 233
- **population date**: 2008
Vaux-sur-Aure

**Vaux-sur-Aure** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vaux-sur-Seulles

**Vaux-sur-Seulles** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vendes

**Vendes** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vendeuvre

**Vendeuvre** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Ver-sur-Mer

**Ver-sur-Mer** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Versainville

**Versainville** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department. This is in northwest France.
Verson

**Verson** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vicques, Calvados

**Vicques, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Victot-Pontfol

**Victot-Pontfol** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vienne-en-Bessin

**Vienne-en-Bessin** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vierville-sur-Mer

**Vierville-sur-Mer** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Viessoix

**Viessoix** used to be a commune. It is in Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune of Valdallière.
Vieux, Calvados

**Vieux, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vieux-Bourg

**Vieux-Bourg** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vieux-Fumé

**Vieux-Fumé** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.
Vieux-Pont-en-Auge

**Vieux-Pont-en-Auge** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.
Vignats

**Vignats** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Villers-Bocage, Calvados

**Villers-Bocage, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Villers-Canivet

**Villers-Canivet** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Villers-Canivet
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Villers-Canivet-Calvados-Eglise.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Villers-Canivet (Calvados).svg
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Falaise
- **insee**: 14753
- **postal code**: 14420
- **mayor**: Jean-Louis Bonne
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Falaise
- **elevation m**: 170
- **elevation min m**: 139
- **elevation max m**: 233
- **area km2**: 12.24
Villers-sur-Mer

**Villers-sur-Mer** is a commune in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in northwest France.
Villerville

**Villerville** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Villerville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: VILLERVILLE 20180521 0.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason villerville.svg
- **arrondissement**: Lisieux
- **canton**: Honfleur-Deauville
- **insee**: 14755
- **postal code**: 14113
- **mayor**: Michel Marescot
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Cœur Côte Fleurie
- **elevation m**: 60
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 144
- **area km2**: 3.30
Villiers-le-Sec, Calvados

**Villiers-le-Sec** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Creully sur Seulles.
Villons-les-Buissons

**Villons-les-Buissons** is a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Villons-les-Buissons
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Villonslesbuissons eglise.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Caen-2
- **insee**: 14758
- **postal code**: 14610
- **mayor**: Jean-François Le Querler
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Communauté urbaine Caen la Mer, CU Caen la Mer
- **elevation m**: 71
- **elevation min m**: 58
- **elevation max m**: 75
- **area km2**: 3.76
Villy-Bocage

**Villy-Bocage** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Villy-lez-Falaise

**Villy-lez-Falaise** is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Villy-lez-Falaise
- **image**: Église de la Nativité-de-la-Vierge-Marie de Villy-lez-Falaise (2).JPG
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Falaise-Sud
- **insee**: 14759
- **postal code**: 14700
- **mayor**: Robert Réal
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Falaise
- **elevation m**: 100
- **elevation min m**: 58
- **elevation max m**: 126
- **area km2**: 4.95
- **population**: 247
- **population date**: 2008
Vimont, Calvados

**Vimont, Calvados** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Vire

**Vire** is a former commune in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it became a part of the new commune of Vire-Normandie.
Vouilly

**Vouilly**  used to be a commune. It is in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it became part of the commune of Isigny-sur-Mer.
Écrammeville

**Écrammeville** was a commune. It was in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Formigny La Bataille.
Émiéville

**Émiéville** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Émiéville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Emiéville.JPG
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Troarn
- **insee**: 14237
- **postal code**: 14630
- **mayor**: Patrice Bernard
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Entre bois et marais
- **elevation m**: 11
- **elevation min m**: 4
- **elevation max m**: 22
- **area km2**: 3.92
- **population**: 473
- **population date**: 2008
Épaney

**Épaney** is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France.
Épinay-sur-Odon

**Épinay-sur-Odon** is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France.
Épron

**Épron** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Calvados department

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Épron
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason_ville_fr_Épron_(Calvados).svg
- **image**: Épron église Saint-Ursin.JPG
- **arrondissement**: Caen
- **canton**: Caen-3
- **insee**: 14242
- **postal code**: 14610
- **mayor**: Franck Guéguénia
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Caen la Mer
- **elevation m**: 56
- **elevation min m**: 25
- **elevation max m**: 60
- **area km2**: 1.42
- **population**: 1555
- **population date**: 2011
Équemauville

**Équemauville** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Éterville

**Éterville** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.
Étouvy

**Étouvy** is a former commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.
Étréham

**Étréham** is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Étréham
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Vue d'ensemble de la Ferme de la Marguerie et l'Église Saint-Romain d'Étréham DSCF2663.JPG
- **caption**: Farm of the Marguerie and St. Romanus church
- **arrondissement**: Bayeux
- **canton**: Trévières
- **insee**: 14256
- **postal code**: 14400
- **mayor**: Alain Cornière
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes Isigny-Omaha Intercom, CC Isigny-Omaha Intercom
- **elevation m**: 37
- **elevation min m**: 12
- **elevation max m**: 68
- **area km2**: 4.24
Évrecy

**Évrecy** is a commune in Normandy in the Calvados department in northwest France.
Southern Railway (UK)

The **Southern Railway** (SR), was one of the Big Four British railway companies from 1923 to 1948. It was established under the Railways Act 1921. The railway was formed by the amalgamation of smaller companies. The largest of these were the London and South Western Railway, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, and the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.

The SR contained notable examples of civil engineering, linking London with the Channel ports, South West England and Kent.  Construction of what was to become the Southern began in 1838 with the opening of the London and Southampton Railway, which was renamed the London and South Western Railway.

## Related pages

- SR multiple unit numbering and classification

## Infobox (infobox)

- **title**: Southern Railway
- **image**:
- **caption**: Coat-of-arms of the Southern Railway
- **header1**: History
- **label2**: 1923
- **data2**: Grouping; Southern Railway is created
- **label3**: 1929
- **data3**: Phase one of electrification scheme complete
- **label4**: 1930
- **data4**: Richard Maunsell's SR V "Schools" class introduced
- **label5**: 1937
- **data5**: Oliver Bulleid becomes Chief Mechanical Engineer
- **label6**: 1941
- **data6**: First SR Merchant Navy Class _Pacific_ unveiled
- **label7**: 1948
- **data7**: Nationalisation, Nationalised
- **header8**: Constituent companies
- **data9**: London, Brighton and South Coast Railway
London & South Western Railway
South Eastern and Chatham Railway
<Small>See full List of constituent companies of the Southern Railway</small>
- **header10**: Successor organisation
- **label11**: 1948
- **data11**: Southern Region of British Railways
- **header12**: Key locations
- **label13**: Headquarters 
- **data13**: London Waterloo station, Waterloo station, London
- **label14**: Workshops
- **data14**: Ashford railway works, Ashford
Brighton railway works, Brighton
Eastleigh railway works, Eastleigh
- **label15**: Major stations
- **data15**: London Waterloo railway station, Waterloo station
London Victoria station, Victoria
Charing Cross railway station, Charing Cross
- **header16**: Inherited route mileage
- **label17**: 1923
- **data17**:
<small>Mileage shown as at end of year stated.
Source: Whitehouse, Patrick & Thomas, David St.John: SR 150, Introduction</small>
Electric multiple unit

An **electric multiple unit** or **EMU** for short, is a type multiple unit train consisting of many carriages using electricity as the motive power.

EMU trains are generally used on rapid transit lines, such as the Singapore MRT and the Melbourne rail network. As a result of this, EMU's usually lack features such as toilets, on-board food and comfy seats.

## Related pages

- Diesel multiple unit
- Railway
British United Traction

**British United Traction** (**BUT**) was a joint company owned by the Associated Equipment Company and Leyland Motors which produced railway equipment and trolleybuses.
British Rail Derby Lightweight

The British Rail **Derby Lightweight** diesel multiple units, were the first such trains to be built en-masse for British Railways. The units were built at BR's Derby Works from 1954 to 1955. The units were built in various formations, including two single car units, 12 power-twin 2-car units, 84 power-trailer 2-car units, and four 4-car units. Contemporaneous with these units was the unique Battery Electric Multiple Unit.

## Infobox (dmu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">British Rail Derby Lightweight</span>
- **image**: Derby Lightweight 79018 at Bewdley.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **background**: #0033cc
- **caption**: Derby Lightweight power car no. 79018 on display at Bewdley on the Severn Valley Railway on 15th October 2004, as part of the Railcar 50 event. This vehicle has been restored to its original condition using a grant from the lottery heritage fund, and is preserved at the Midland Railway Centre.
- **manufacturer**: BR's Derby Works
- **operator**: British Rail
- **formation**: 1, 2 & 4 Car Formations
- **built**: 219 vehicles
- **inservice**: 1954-1969
- **maxspeed**: 62 mph
- **engine**: Two BUT (Leyland) 125 bhp
British Rail Metro-Cammell

In 1955, Metropolitan Cammell produced its first lightweight Diesel multiple units, the prototypes of what were to become British Rail's most successful and longest-lived _First Generation_ Dmu the Class 101.

## Infobox (train)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">British Rail Metro-Cammell</span>
- **background**: #012545
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **service**: 1955–1981
- **manufacturer**: Metropolitan Cammell
- **operator**: British Rail
- **capacity**: DMBS: 57 or 53 second class seats
DTSL: 72 second class
DTCL: 12 first and 53 second class
- **formation**: 2 car sets: DMBS-DTSL or DMBS-DTCL
- **built**: 36 sets (72 cars)
- **weight**: DMBS: 31 long tons 10 cwt ()
DTSL: 25 long tons 0 cwt ()
- **transmission**: Mechanical: 4-speed epicyclic gearbox
- **engine**: Two British United Traction, BUT (AEC) 6-cylinder diesels of  each
- **brakes**: Vacuum
British Rail Railbuses

British Rail produced a variety of **Railbuses** as a means both of building new rolling stock cheaply, and to provide services on lightly-used lines economically.

## Infobox (emu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">British Rail Railbuses</span>
- **image**: Railbus 79964 at York Railfest.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **caption**: Railbus no. 79964 at York Railfest exhibition on 3rd June 2004. This vehicle is preserved on the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway.
- **background**: #012545
- **operator**: British Rail
- **formation**: 25 trainsets
- **inservice**: 1950-1997
GWR railcars

In 1933, the Great Western Railway introduced the first of what was to become a very successful series of railcars, which survived in regular use into the 1960s, when they were replaced with the new British Rail "first generation" type diesel multiple units.

## Infobox (emu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">GWR railcars</span>
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **caption**: Preserved AEC railcar no 22
- **background**: #012545
- **service**: 1933–1962
- **operator**: Great Western Railway
Western Region of British Railways, British Rail (Western Region)
- **numberbuilt**: 38
- **yearconstruction**: 1934–1942
LMS railcars

The  **London Midland and Scottish Railway** (LMS) introduced a number of **railcars** to service between 1933 and 1939.  They were mainly single units but one was a three-car articulated set.

## Infobox (emu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">British Rail LMS railcars</span>
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **background**: #012545
- **operator**: British Rail
- **formation**: Unknown
- **inservice**: 1933-
- **weight**: 73 tons
- **maxspeed**: 75mph 121km/k
Turbostar

**Turbostar** is the name given to a series of diesel multiple units (DMU) built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Litchurch Lane Works in Derby, England. The Turbostar was the first new train type to be introduced after the privatisation of British Rail, and is the most common type of diesel multiple unit (its electrical variant, the Electrostar, is the most common electric multiple unit). The first units were ordered by Chiltern Railways in 1996 and were designated Class 168 (also known as _Clubman_). Since then the family has grown with the addition of the Class 170, Class 171, and (in development) the Class 172.

## Infobox (dmu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#fff;">_Clubman_/_Turbostar_</span>
- **image**: 171802 at NRM 01 June 2004.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **background**: #000066
- **caption**: Class 171 – 171802 Turbostar Unit in the Southern (train operating company), Southern livery
- **service**: 1998 – present
- **manufacturer**: Bombardier Transportation, Derby Carriage and Wagon Works, Derby
(formerly ADtranz)
- **yearconstruction**: 1998 – present
- **numberbuilt**: 196 trainsets
- **formation**: 2, 3 or 4 carriages per trainset
- **capacity**: Varies depending on number of cars and seating configuration, see individual articles for details
- **operator**: See details below
- **weight**: Varies depending on number of cars and seating configuration, see individual articles for details
- **engine**: MTU Friedrichshafen, MTU 6R 183TD
- **safety**: Various combinations of Automatic Train Protection, ATP, Automatic Warning System#British Rail AWS, AWS, Train Protection & Warning System, TPWS, Train stop, Tripcock system
- **coupling**: BSI coupling, BSI/Dellner coupling, Dellner couplers (Class 171, see below)
Alstom Coradia

**Coradia** is the name given to the range of diesel and Electric multiple unit inter-city and regional trains manufactured by Alstom. There are a number of variants of this series, used in several countries.
Bombardier Voyager family

The **Voyager** series is a group of high speed diesel electric multiple unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation in service on the UK railway network. The trains are among the most modern currently in operation, and are in service on many intercity routes around Great Britain. There are currently three types in service with  3TOCs (, East Midlands railway  avanti and   CrossCountry).
Diesel multiple unit

A **diesel multiple unit** or **DMU** is a multiple unit train consisting of multiple carriages powered by one or more on-board diesel engines. They may also be referred to as a railcar or railmotor, depending on country.

## Transmission

The diesel engine drives the train through a transmission system. The transmission system may be:
- Mechanical, using a gearbox (diesel-mechanical)
- Hydraulic, using a torque converter (diesel-hydraulic)
- Electric, using a generator to power traction motors (diesel-electric)

## Related pages

- Electric multiple unit
- Diesel locomotive
- Multiple unit
- Railways
- Multiple units of Ireland
British Rail Janus

**Janus** and **Taurus** were two shunting locomotives by the Yorkshire Engine Company and loaned to British Railways for demonstrations. However, BR did not buy any production versions after testing. At least one other Yorkshire Engine Company locomotive was loaned to British Railways in the 1960s.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: Yorkshire Engine Company ‘Janus’
- **powertype**: Diesel-electric
- **image**: Yorkshire Engine Janus 2787 at Shelton.jpeg
- **caption**: Typical Janus locomotive at a steelworks.
- **builder**: Yorkshire Engine Company
- **buildmodel**: Janus
- **primemover**: 2 Rolls Royce C6SFL engines
- **tractionmotors**: Rolls Royce
- **uicclass**: C
British Rail HS4000

**HS4000**, named _Kestrel_, was a prototype high-powered mainline diesel locomotive built in 1968 by Brush Traction to demonstrate its wares to British Railways. The name came from Hawker Siddeley (the owner of Brush) **4000** hp (the power rating of its Sulzer engine).

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: HS4000 "Kestrel"
- **powertype**: Diesel-electric
- **image**: Kestrel at Derby 1968.jpg
- **caption**: HS4000 outside Derby Locomotive Works, 1968-08-31.
- **builder**: Hawker Siddeley, at Brush Traction, Loughborough
- **builddate**: 1968
- **serialnumber**: Brush 711
- **primemover**: Sulzer 16LVA24
- **transmission**: AC alternator, DC traction motors
- **tractionmotors**: Brush, 6 off
- **uicclass**: Co'Co'
- **trainbrakes**: Dual (Air and Vacuum)
- **poweroutput**: _Engine:_
_At rail:_
- **operator**: British Railways, Soviet Railways
- **disposition**: Exported to Russia, later scrapped.
British Rail GT3

**GT3** was a prototype mainline gas turbine locomotive. It was built in 1961 by English Electric at their Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to demonstrate its wares to British Railways. It was designed by Vulcan engineer J. O. P. Hughes and the project was started in the early 1950s.  Externally, it resembled a steam tender locomotive. In the case of GT3, the tender carried diesel fuel.

## Related pages

- British Rail 18000 (GT1)
- British Rail 18100 (GT2)

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: Gas Turbine 3
- **powertype**: Gas Turbine mechanical
- **image**: File:GT3 at Leicester ..1961.JPG
- **caption**: GT3 at Leicester in 1961
- **builder**: English Electric at Vulcan Foundry
- **serialnumber**: Vulcan Foundry: D228
- **builddate**: 1958–1961
- **primemover**: EM27L gas turbine
- **transmission**: Mechanical: flexible drive from gearbox onto middle driving axle
- **whytetype**: 4-6-0
- **uicclass**: 2'C
- **trainheating**: Steam generator
- **railroad**: British Rail
- **roadnumber**: GT3
- **disposition**: Returned to VF 1962; turbine removed; scrapped T.W. Ward, Salford, March 1966
British Rail DP2

**DP2**, meaning **D**iesel **P**rototype number **2**, was a prototype **Type 4** mainline diesel locomotive built in 1962 by English Electric at their Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to demonstrate its wares to British Railways. As the Deltics were then in production, it was decided to produce the locomotive on the same production line; the bodyshell used for DP2 reputedly being the eighteenth made. While DP2 looked like a Class 55 locomotive in outline, there were many detail differences; particularly the large bodyside radiator vents at one end, and the single roof fan as opposed to the four symmetrically placed fans on the Deltics. These differences were the external effect of DP2 being totally different from the twin-engined Deltics internally, being the forerunner of the Class 50.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: English Electric DP2
- **powertype**: Diesel-electric
- **image**: Dp2 - kings cross - 1963.jpg
- **caption**: DP2 at Kings Cross, 1963
- **roadnumber**: DP2
- **builder**: English Electric at Vulcan Foundry
- **builddate**: 1962
- **serialnumber**: English Electric: 3205
Vulcan Foundry: D733
- **primemover**: English Electric diesel engines, EE 16CSVT
- **transmission**: Diesel Electric
- **tractionmotors**: EE, 6 off
- **uicclass**: Co'Co'
- **locoweight**: 105 long tons (107 Metric ton, t)
- **poweroutput**: 2,700 Horsepower, hp (2,000 watt, kW)
- **tractiveeffort**: 50,000 Pound-force, lbf (222.41 Newton (unit), kN)
- **fuelcap**: 900 imperial unit, imp gallon, gal (4,100 liter, l; 1,100 US gallon, US gal)
- **trainheating**: Clayton Mk.1 steam generator
head end power, ETH
- **axleloadclass**: Route Availability: 6
- **powerclass**: Type 4
- **railroad**: British Railways
- **disposition**: Wrecked July 1967, withdrawn September 1967, scrapped
British Rail DP1

**DP1**, or **Prototype Deltic** is a demonstrator locomotive built by English Electric in 1955. This locomotive resulted in 22 similar locomotives being ordered by British Rail, which became their Class 55.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: English Electric _DELTIC_ prototype
- **powertype**: Diesel-electric
- **image**: English electric deltic at shildon.JPG
- **caption**: The nose end of DP1 at _Locomotion_
- **roadnumber**: DP1
- **officialname**: _DELTIC_
- **builder**: English Electric at Dick, Kerr Works, Preston
- **builddate**: 1955
- **serialnumber**: EE: 2003
- **length**: 66 ft
- **primemover**: Napier Deltic D18-25 (2 off)
- **cylindercount**: 18 × 2
- **transmission**: Diesel Electric
- **tractionmotors**: EE 526/A, 6 off
- **uicclass**: Co'Co'
- **tractiveeffort**: _90 mph gearing:_
_106 mph gearing:_
- **topspeed**:
 from 1956
- **trainheating**: Stone-Vapor/Clarkson steam generator
- **railroad**: British Railways
- **retiredate**: March 1961
- **disposition**: to Science Museum (London), Science Museum, London, April 1963
- **powerclass**: Type 5
British Rail DHP1

**DHP1** was a prototype diesel locomotive. Its name means **D**iesel **H**ydraulic **P**rototype number **1**. Clayton built the locomotive in 1965 to show to British Railways. DHP1 was designed for mixed traffic work. It had a steam boiler to give heating to passenger carriages. The body was painted red, with the top half of the cab painted cream.

The locomotive looks similar to the Class 17, also built by Clayton. DHP1 saw little use. It was tested locally in Derbyshire. The locomotive ended up achieving only  in service. British Railways passed over diesel-hydraulic technology in favour of diesel-electric transmission. Because of this, Clayton did not recieve orders for its model. DHP1 was eventually scrapped in April 1967.

## Other websites

- Photo in International Combustion works in 1964

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: Clayton DHP1
- **powertype**: Diesel-hydraulic
- **builddate**: 1963
- **transmission**: Hydraulic
- **uicclass**: B'B'
- **primemover**: 4 × Rolls-Royce C8TFL Mk1V
- **poweroutput**: (per engine)
 (total)
- **operator**: British Railways
- **disposition**: Scrapped
- **notes**: Sources:
British Rail D0260

**D0260**, named _Lion_, was a prototype **Type 4** mainline diesel locomotive built in 1962 by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, in association with Sulzer and Associated Electrical Industries, at their Smethwick works in Birmingham to demonstrate their wares to British Railways. The locomotive’s number was derived from its works number, DEL260.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: BRCW / AEI _Lion_
- **powertype**: Diesel-electric
- **roadnumber**: D0260
- **builder**: Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company and Associated Electrical Industries, AEI Ltd
- **serialnumber**: DEL260
- **builddate**: 1962
- **primemover**: Sulzer (manufacturer), Sulzer 12LDA28-C
- **transmission**: Diesel-electric
- **tractionmotors**: Associated Electrical Industries, AEI, 6 off
- **uicclass**: Co'Co'
- **trainheating**: Steam generator
- **axleloadclass**: Route availability, RA 7
- **railroad**: British Railways
- **disposition**: Returned to manufacturer, scrapped
British Railways D0226

**D0226** and **D0227** were two prototype diesel shunting locomotives built in 1956 by English Electric at its Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to demonstrate its wares to British Railways. They originally carried numbers D226 and D227, their Vulcan Foundry works numbers, but these were later amended to avoid clashing with the numbers of new Class 40 locomotives.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: British Railways D0226
- **powertype**: Diesel-electric
- **image**: D0226.jpg
- **caption**: D0226 in preservation at Haworth.
- **builder**: English Electric at Vulcan Foundry
- **builddate**: 1956
- **serialnumber**: English Electric: 2345
Vulcan Foundry: D226
- **primemover**: English Electric diesel engines, EE 6RKT
- **transmission**: DC generator, DC traction motor
- **tractionmotor**: English Electric, 1 off
- **whytetype**: 0-6-0
- **uicclass**: C
- **railroad**: British Railways
- **roadnumber**: D226 (D0226 from August 1959)
- **firstrundate**: loaned 1957
- **retiredate**: October 1960
- **disposition**: to Keighley and Worth Valley Railway (March 1966)


## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: British Railways D0227
- **powertype**: Diesel-hydraulic
- **headnote**: Only differences from above are shown
- **serialnumber**: English Electric: 2346
Vulcan Foundry: D227
- **transmission**: Krupp-Lysholm hydraulic
- **railroad**: British Railways
- **roadnumber**: D227 (D0227 from August 1959)
- **retiredate**: September 1959
- **disposition**: Returned to RSH, Darlington
- **preservedunits**: Bluebell Railway
- **restoredate**: April 1960
British Rail 18100

**British Rail 18100** was a prototype main line gas turbine-electric locomotive built for British Railways in 1951. It was built by Metropolitan Vickers, Manchester. It was ordered by the Great Western Railway in the 1940s, but construction was delayed by World War II. It spent its working life on the Western Region of British Railways, operating express passenger services from London Paddington station.

## Rebuilding

It was rebuilt as an electric locomotive in 1958 and became British Rail Class 80. It was scrapped in 1973.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: British Rail 18100
- **powertype**: Gas turbine-electric
- **builder**: Metropolitan Vickers, Trafford Park
- **ordernumber**: GWR Lot 388
- **builddate**: 1951
- **transmission**: DC generators
DC traction motors
- **uicclass**: Co'Co'
- **trainbrakes**: Vacuum
- **poweroutput**:
_At rail:_
- **generator**: Metropolitan-Vickers, 3 off
- **tractionmotors**: Metropolitan-Vickers, 6 off
- **powerclass**: BR Type 5
- **trainheating**: Spanner steam generator
- **retiredate**: December 1957
- **firstrundate**: 1952
- **lastrundate**: 1954
- **disposition**: Rebuilt to 25 kV electric locomotive E1000 (E2001 from 1959)
British Rail 18000

**British Rail 18000** was a prototype mainline gas turbine-electric locomotive built for British Railways in 1949. It was built by Brown, Boveri & Cie. It was ordered by the Great Western Railway in 1940, but construction was delayed by World War II. It spent its working life on the Western Region of British Railways, operating express passenger services from London Paddington station.

## Preservation

The locomotive is preserved at Didcot Railway Centre.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: British Rail 18000
- **powertype**: Gas Turbine-electric
- **image**: File:BR18000.jpg
- **caption**: British Rail 18000 at Didcot Railway Centre on 6 August 2011
- **builder**: Brown, Boveri & Cie and
 Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works
- **serialnumber**: BBC: 4559
SLM: 3977
- **builddate**: 1949
- **primemover**: Gas Turbine
- **transmission**: DC generator
DC traction motors
- **tractionmotors**: Four
- **uicclass**: (A1A)(A1A)
- **wheeldiameter**: _Driving:_
_Idling:_
- **trainheating**: Steam generator
- **powerclass**: BR: 4
- **nicknames**: _Kerosene Castle_
- **ordernumber**: GWR Lot 372
LNER Class Y11

**LNER Class Y11** was a class of petrol powered 0-4-0 locomotives built by Motor Rail & Tram Car Company Limited under their _Simplex_ brand and introduced in the years 1919–1925 for the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER).  Their British Railways numbers were **15097–15099**.

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: LNER Class Y11
- **powertype**: Petrol-mechanical
- **builder**: Motor Rail, Motor Rail & Tram Car Co. Ltd.
- **buildmodel**: Simplex
- **builddate**: 1919, 1920, 1925
- **primemover**: Dorman 4JO
- **enginetype**: Petrol
- **transmission**: Mechanical, two-speed Dixon-Abbot, chain final drive
- **uicclass**: B
- **whytetype**: 0-4-0
- **locobrakes**: Air
- **trainbrakes**: None
- **axleloadclass**: Route Availability: 1
- **railroad**: Great Eastern Railway, North British Railway, London and North Eastern Railway, British Railways
- **numinclass**: 3
- **retiredate**: 1950–1956
- **disposition**: Unknown
British Rail Class 97

British Rail reserved the TOPS **Class 97** designation for departmental locomotives. These were used for special or engineering duties.  They were therefore of several different classes, lumped together for numbering purposes. Some locomotives were converted from redundant engines, whilst others were purpose built. In 2008, Network Rail once again used Class 97 for signalling test locomotives (Class 97/3).