juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Miguel Induráin

**Miguel Ángel Indurain Larraya** (born July 16, 1964) is a Spanish retired road racing cyclist. He was a professional cyclist from 1985 to 1996. He was the first person to win the Tour de France five times in a row from 1991 to 1995. He also won the Giro d'Italia two times, in 1992 and 1993. In 1994, he cycled 53.040 kilometres in one hour, which was a new hour record. He also won the Olympic Gold medal for the time trial in 1996.

Indurain was very good at time trials. In the five Tours de France that he won, he only won two stages that were not time trials. He finished time trials much quicker than other cyclists, so he did not need to attack in mountain stages. In the 1996 Tour de France, he had a bad cold and he could not win. He retired later in 1997.

## Achievements

- Tour de France finishings
- 1985: Withdrew, 4th stage
- 1986: Withdrew, 8th stage
- 1987: 97th
- 1988: 47th
- 1989: 17th
- 1990: 10th
- 1991: **1st**
- 1992: **1st**
- 1993: **1st**
- 1994: **1st**
- 1995: **1st**
- 1996: 11th

- Giro d'Italia finishings
- 1992: **1st**
- 1993: **1st**
- 1994: 3rd

- Vuelta a España finishings
- 1985: 84th
- 1986: 92nd
- 1987: Withdrew
- 1988: Withdrew
- 1989: Withdrew
- 1990: 7th
- 1991: 2nd
- 1996: Withdrew, 12th stage

- Major results
- World Time-Trial Championship (1995)
- Summer Olympics Men's Individual Time Trial (1996)
- Dauphiné Libéré (1995, 1996)
- Paris-Nice (1989, 1990)
- Clásica de San Sebastián (1990)
- Critérium International (1989)
- Grand prix du Midi Libre (1995)
- Volta a Catalunya (1988, 1991, 1992)
- Tour de l'Avenir (1986)

- Accolades ya boi emilio
- French Légion d'honneur
- Prince of Asturias Awards: Sports (1992)
- Active member – Laureus World Sports Academy
- 1995 ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year
Ehud Olmert

**Ehud Olmert**, Hebrew: אהוד אולמרט , (born 30 September 1945 in Binyamina) is an Israeli lawyer and former politician. He was Prime Minister of Israel.

Olmert was a Member of Knesset from 1974 to 2009, with an interruption from 1999 to 2003. He was also mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003.

In 2006 he switched from Likud to newly formed Kadima. He was the head of Kadima until September 2008.

He was the 12th Prime Minister of Israel between 14 April 2006 and 31 March 2009, succeeding Ariel Sharon and succeeded by Benjamin Netanyahu.

From February 2016 till July 2017, Olmert was spending time in prison because of a felony conviction of breach of trust and bribery.

## References

- Bio at Knesset Website
Kadima

**Kadima**, Hebrew: קדימה - _Forward_,  is an Israeli political party.

Its ideology is centrist liberal, and Zionist.

Kadima believed in both Israel's security and continuing the peace process, and supported negotiating an agreement for peace with the Palestinians, but is de facto defunct.

Kadima was founded on November 24, 2005 by Ariel Sharon, as a splitting from Likud.

Number of seats in the 20th Knesset: / (-2).
Svetlana Kuznetsova

**Svetlana Aleksandrovna Kuznetsova** (Cyrillic: ; born 27 June 1985) is a Russian professional tennis player who is currently ranked World No. 4. She won the US Open singles title in 2004 and was the runner-up in singles at the French Open in 2006 and the US Open in 2007, losing both finals to Justine Henin in straight sets.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: Svetlana Kuznetsova
- **image**: 2014 US Open (Tennis) - Tournament - Svetlana Kuznetsova (15085701785) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kuznetsova at the 2014 US Open
- **residence**: Moscow, Russia
- **birth place**: Leningrad, Soviet Union
- **height**: 1.74 m
- **turnedpro**: 2000
- **retired**: 2021
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **coach**: Gustavo Marcaccio
- **careerprizemoney**: $25,816,890
*<small>WTA Tour records#WTA career prize money leaders, 15th in all-time rankings</small>
- **singlestitles**: 18
- **highestsinglesranking**: No. 2 (10 September 2007)
- **australianopenresult**: QF (2005 Australian Open – Women's singles, 2005, 2009 Australian Open – Women's singles, 2009, 2013 Australian Open – Women's singles, 2013)
- **frenchopenresult**: **W** (2009 French Open – Women's singles, 2009)
- **wimbledonresult**: QF (2003 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles, 2003, 2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles, 2005, 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles, 2007, 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles, 2017)
- **usopenresult**: **W** (2004 US Open – Women's singles, 2004)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **olympicsresult**: QF (Tennis at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's singles, 2004)
- **wtachampionshipsresult**: SF (2016 WTA Tour Championships, 2016)
- **doublestitles**: 16
- **highestdoublesranking**: No. 3 (7 June 2004)
- **australianopendoublesresult**: **W** (2005 Australian Open – Women's doubles, 2005, 2012 Australian Open – Women's doubles, 2012)
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: F (2004 French Open – Women's doubles, 2004)
- **wimbledondoublesresult**: F (2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles, 2005)
- **usopendoublesresult**: F (2003 US Open – Women's doubles, 2003, 2004 US Open – Women's doubles, 2004)
- **othertournamentsdoubles**: yes
- **wtachampionshipsdoublesresult**: SF (2003 WTA Tour Championships, 2003, 2004 WTA Tour Championships, 2004)
- **olympicsdoublesresult**: QF (Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles, 2008, Tennis at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles, 2016)
- **mixed**: yes
- **australianopenmixedresult**: 1R (2003 Australian Open – Mixed doubles, 2003, 2014 Australian Open – Mixed doubles, 2014)
- **frenchopenmixedresult**: 2R (2003 French Open – Mixed doubles, 2003)
- **wimbledonmixedresult**: QF (2003 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles, 2003)
- **team**: yes
- **fedcupresult**: **W** (2004 Fed Cup World Group#Final, 2004, 2007 Fed Cup World Group#Final, 2007, 2008 Fed Cup World Group#Final, 2008); record 27–13
Jacques Anquetil

**Jacques Anquetil** (8 January 1934 – 18 November 1987), was a French road racing cyclist. He was the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times, in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964. Anquetil was very good at riding time trials, and this helped him to win grand tours. He also won the Giro d'Italia in 1960 and 1964, and the Vuelta a España in 1963.  This made him the first cyclist to win all three grand tours.  In 1956 he rode 46.159 kilometres in one hour, making a new hour record.

Anquetil was born in Mont-Saint-Aigan. He died of stomach cancer in Rouen.

## Major achievements

- Tour de France
- 1957 - **1st overall**; 4 stage wins; 16 days in _maillot jaune_
- 1959 - 3rd overall
- 1961 - **1st overall**; 2 stage wins; 21 days in _maillot jaune_
- 1962 - **1st overall**; 2 stage wins; 3 days in _maillot jaune_
- 1963 - **1st overall**; 4 stage wins; 5 days in _maillot jaune_
- 1964 - **1st overall**; 4 stage wins; 5 days in _maillot jaune_

- Giro d'Italia
- 1959 - 2nd overall; Stage 2 ITT win; Stage 19 ITT win; 7 days in _maglia rosa_
- 1960 - **1st overall**; Stage 9b ITT win; Stage 14 ITT win; 11 days in _maglia rosa_
- 1961 - 2nd overall; Stage 9 ITT win; 4 days in _maglia rosa_
- 1964 - **1st overall**; Stage 5 ITT win; 17 days in _maglia rosa_

- Vuelta a España
- 1963 - **1st overall**; 1 stage win; 16 days in _jersey de oro_

- Other one-day classics and stage races
- Super Prestige Pernod International (1961, 1963, 1965, 1966)
- Grand Prix des Nations (1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966)
- Liège-Bastogne-Liège (1966)
- Gent-Wevelgem (1964)
- Bordeaux-Paris (1965)
- Dauphiné Libéré (1963 - 1st overall; 1 stage win; 1965 - 1st overall, 3 stage wins)
- Paris-Nice
    - 1957 - 1st overall; 1 stage win - Time Trial Stage
    - 1961 - 1st overall; 1 stage win
    - 1963 - 1st overall; 1 stage win
    - 1965 - 1st overall; 1 stage win
    - 1966 - 1st overall; 1 stage win
- Vuelta al País Vasco (1969)
- Four Days of Dunkirk (1958, 1959)

- Hour record in 1956 - 46.159 km

## Other websites

- Complete Palmarès
- Gitane USA
Hour record

The **hour record** for bicycles is the record for the longest length rode in one hour on a bicycle.  The first recorded hour record was in 1876 when F. L. Dodds rode 26.508 kilometres on a penny-farthing bicycle.  Many people since then have tried to be the fastest.  People trying to break the record have helped to change bicycle designs.

In 1972, the Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx set a record of 49.431 kilometres.  It was the record for twelve years.  Since that time technology has allowed much more aerodynamic bicycle designs.  The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), has made his design standard for their competitions.  There is now another record, the International Human Powered Vehicle Association (IHVA) hour record, for other designs.  The hour record for regular bicycles is called the UCI record.

Ondřej Sosenka holds the UCI hour record at 49.700 kilometres.  Sam Whittingham holds the IHVA hour record at 86.752 kilometres.
Billie Jean King Cup

The **Billie Jean King Cup** is the premier team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 as the **Federation Cup** to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The competition name changed to **Fed Cup** in 1995, and then to its current name, honoring American tennis great and women's rights advocate Billie Jean King, in September 2020.
Kateryna Volodko

** Kateryna Volodymyrivna Bondarenko ** (, born 8 August 1986) is a professional female tennis player from Ukraine and a doubles champion at Australian Open in 2008.

The younger sister of Alyona Bondarenko, she was born in Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union.  She plays right-handed and turned pro in 2000.
Port Arthur

**Port Arthur** may refer to:

- Port Arthur naval base in Manchuria, now called Lüshunkou
    - Port Arthur massacre (China) in the Sino-Japanese War in 1894
    - Battle of Port Arthur, a sea battle in the Russo-Japanese War in 1904
    - Siege of Port Arthur a land battle in 1904
- Australia
- Port Arthur, Tasmania (Australia), the site of a historic convict settlement
    - Port Arthur massacre (Australia), which occurred in Port Arthur, Tasmania in 1996
- United States
- Port Arthur, Texas, a city in the United States
- Port Arthur, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
- Canada
- Port Arthur, Ontario (Canada), a former city, now a part of Thunder Bay
    - Port Arthur (electoral district) (Canada),
- Finland
- VIII District, Turku (Finland), aka Port Arthur, a district in Turku

**Other**
- Port Arthur, BattleTech Universe's fictional planet
Melinda Czink

**Melinda Czink** (born October 22, 1982 in Budapest) is a Hungarian professional female tennis player. On March 1, 2004, Czink reached her career-high singles ranking of World No. 64.
Maria Kirilenko

**Maria Yuryevna Kirilenko** (; born 25 January 1987 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian professional tennis player. She won her first WTA Tour title in 2005, defeating Anna-Lena Grönefeld 6–3, 6–4 in the China Open. Kirilenko reached #19, her career-high singles ranking, on the WTA tour in June 2008. She is a good friend of Maria Sharapova. She is affectionately called Makiri.
Dinara Safina

**Dinara Mikhailovna Safina** (), born April 27, 1986) is a Russian professional tennis player of Tatar ethnicity. She was born in Moscow, Russia. She is the younger sister of former world number one men's player, Marat Safin.

She was coached by Glen Schaap, former trainer of Nadia Petrova. Her new coach is Željko Krajan. Her mother, Rauza Islanova used to be her trainer when she was younger and still gives advice to Dinara. Dinara Safina's father is director of the Spartak tennis club in Moscow. She has won one Grand Slam title, the  women's double title at the 2007 U.S. Open with her partner Nathalie Dechy. She also reached the final of the French Open in 2008, losing to current World No. 1 Ana Ivanović.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: Dinara Safina
- **image**: Dinara Safina at the 2008 WTA Tour Championships3.jpg
- **caption**: Safina at the 2008 WTA Tour Championships
- **full name**: Dinara Mubinovna Safina
- **residence**: Monte Carlo, Monaco
- **birth place**: Moscow, Soviet Union
- **height**: 1.85 m
- **turnedpro**: 2000
- **retired**: May 11, 2014 <small>(last match 2011)</small>
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **careerprizemoney**: $10,585,640
- **singlesrecord**: 360–173 (67.54%)
- **singlestitles**: 12 WTA, 4 ITF
- **highestsinglesranking**: List of WTA number 1 ranked tennis players, No. **1** (April 20, 2009)
- **australianopenresult**: F (2009 Australian Open – Women's Singles, 2009)
- **frenchopenresult**: F (2008 French Open – Women's Singles, 2008, 2009 French Open – Women's Singles, 2009)
- **wimbledonresult**: SF (2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2009)
- **usopenresult**: SF (2008 US Open – Women's Singles, 2008)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **wtachampionshipsresult**: RR (2008 WTA Tour Championships, 2008, 2009 WTA Tour Championships, 2009)
- **olympicsresult**:  Silver Medal (Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's singles, 2008)
- **doublesrecord**: 181–91
- **doublestitles**: 9 WTA, 3 ITF
- **highestdoublesranking**: No. 8 (May 12, 2008)
- **australianopendoublesresult**: QF (2004 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2004, 2005 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2005)
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: 3R (2006 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2006, 2007 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2007, 2008 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2008)
- **wimbledondoublesresult**: 3R (2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, 2005, 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, 2008)
- **usopendoublesresult**: **W** (2007 US Open – Women's Doubles, 2007)
- **othertournamentsdoubles**: yes
- **olympicsdoublesresult**: QF (Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles, 2008)
- **team**: yes
- **fedcupresult**: **W** (2005 Fed Cup, 2005)
- **hopmancupresult**: F (2009 Hopman Cup, 2009)
- **medals-expand**: yes
Time trial

In many racing sports an athlete will compete (take part) in a **time trial**.  This is when the athlete races over a course as fast as he can. In cross country skiing and biathlon competitions, a skier will start every 30 to 60 seconds. These are called interval starts. In cycling a time trial (TT) can be a single track race, or an individual time trial on the road.  Time trials are often a part of a stage race, for example the Tour de France.

In a team time trial in cycling, a team of riders will race together.  A group can ride faster than just one rider because riders following the leader are sheltered from the wind.

In rowing, time trial races, where the boats start every 10 to 20 seconds, are usually called "head races".

## Other websites

- Southern California Time Trial Racing
- List of cycling World Time Trial Champions
Markhor

The **markhor** (_Capra falconeri_) is a large goat. It is found in woodland in Central Asia, Karakoram and the Western Himalayas, this is the **National Animal of Pakistan**.

Markhor are 65 to 115 centimetres tall at the shoulder.  They usually weigh from 40 to 110 kilograms. Females are a tan colour with a white underbelly and a pattern of black and white on the legs. Males are a lighter tan colour with the same white underbelly and pattern on the legs.  Males also have a black face and lots of long white fur on their neck and chest which can grow down to their knees. Both males and females have corkscrew-shaped horns which can grow up to 160 cm / 64 inches long in males, and up to 25 cm / 10 inches in females.

Markhor live in places 500 to 3500 metres (1,500 to 11,000 feet) high, where they eat grass, leaves.  Markhor often stand on their back legs to reach the top leaves of trees. Markhor are active (move around more) in the early morning and late afternoon. Females gather in herds (groups) of up to nine animals.  Males usually live alone.

The markhor is the National animal of Pakistan. The word "Markhor" is Persian for "Snake Eater".  They live in Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Indian Kashmir Valley. In Pakistan, they live in the Chitral, Ghizar and Hunza regions.  There are fewer markhor left because human beings take livestock to eat grass in the places where the markhor lives.  Other people have killed the markhor for its horns.  As of 2012, the IUCN said there were probably 2,500 markhor left in the wild.

## Subspecies

- Bukharan markhor, _Capra falconeri heptneri_
- Astor markhor, _Capra falconeri falconeri_
- Kabul markhor, _Capra falconeri megaceros_
- Kashmir markhor, _Capra falconeri cashmiriensis_
- Sulaiman markhor, _Capra falconeri jerdoni_
She's So Unusual

***She's So Unusual*** was the first solo album by the American pop singer, songwriter and actress Cyndi Lauper. It was released in 1983. It included the popular single, "Girls Just Want to Have Fun". The album contained four Top 5 singles. The most ever from a single album.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: She's So Unusual
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Cyndi Lauper
- **released**: December 1983
- **recorded**: 1983
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **label**: Portrait Records
<small>RK-38930</small>
- **producer**: Rick Chertoff, William Wittman
- **next title**: True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album), True Colors
- **next year**: 1986
Betta

***Betta*** is a genus of fish. _Betta splendens_ is a common species of this genus. Other species of betta are rarer.

_Betta_ are very brightly coloured and can often be purchased in pet stores. Other species of betta are more rare. Males often show their aggression towards both male and female bettas by flaring at one another.

Betta are surface breathers and are found in small bodies of water which are full of fallen leaf litter and peat. This gives the betta many places to hide.

## Mating

Male bettas breathe air from the surface to make a bubble nest to attract a female for mating. To get a female betta to lay her eggs in the nest, a male betta shows his fins and dances around her.

After that, the male betta continues to annoy and bully the female betta. This shows that the male is stronger than the female, and makes the female betta fish tired.

A healthy and strong female betta lays eggs several days after a male starts to pursue her. At that time, the male helps the female by pressing on her belly to squeeze out the eggs. It takes several days to lay all of the eggs. Once the female Betta lays her eggs in the nest, the male Betta will fertilize them by releasing his sperm over the eggs.

## Types of betta fish

There are long-fin and short-fin betta fish. Many types of betta fish have not yet been found, and many people breed bettas to create entirely new breeds. Some are colorful, but others have just one or two colors.

## Diet

In the wild, betta fish eat brine shrimp, mosquito larvae, small fly larvae, and common water fleas (Dapnia).

As pets, bettas can be fed worms, brine shrimp, or fruit flies. They enjoy some human foods, including chicken, fresh raw seafood, and fruits like mangos, bananas, and melons.

## Conditions in captivity

Pet betta fish need 20-cubed tanks for a living. If male bettas are put in the same tank, they will fight until one of them dies. Female bettas can live in the same tank.
Lichtenstein, Saxony

**Lichtenstein** is a small town in Saxony. It is between Zwickau and Chemnitz. Lichtenstein has the second name "Stadt im grünen" (engl. "town in green"). Lichtenstein has several sights. There are 7 museums, 2 theaters, 1 castle and 7 nature parcs. The most famous museum of Lichtenstein is the "Miniwelt". There are many world sights in small, for example the statue of Liberty. As of December 2011, 12,613 people live there.

Lichtenstein consists of 3 parts the main town, Lichtenstein and the two small villages "Heinrichsort" and "Rödlitz".

Neighbour towns are Bernsdorf, Glauchau, St. Egidien, Mülsen, Hohndorf and Oelsnitz.

## History

Lichtenstein was founded in 1212. The church of St. Laurentius, one of two churches, was build in 1261. In the 12th century was built the castle of Lichtenstein. The "Schönburgs" live there until 1945.

## Politics

The council consists of 22 councillors and the mayor.

Wolgang Sedner is the mayor of Lichtenstein, since 1990. He won the last vote in June 2008 in the second ballot.

## Famous People

- Eberhardt del’Antonio, author
- Werner Buschmann, minister of the GDR
- Edith Carstensen, visual artist
- Gottlob Christian Crusius, author
- Martin Goetze, visual artist
- Steve Jenkner, racing motorcyclist
- Wolfgang Mitzinger, minister of the GDR
- Max Wilhelm Müller, politician
- Richard Pietraß, author
- Erich Rauschenbach, visual artist
- Karl Max Schneider (1887-1955), professor and director of the zoo of Leipzig
- Ronny König, soccer player

## Other websites

- Lichtenstein town page

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Lichtenstein
- **image photo**: Schlosspalais Lichtenstein 3 (Barras).JPG
- **image caption**: The rear façade of the palace in Lichtenstein.
- **image coa**: Wappen_Lichtenstein_(Sachsen).png
- **image plan**: Lichtenstein-Sa. in Z.svg
- **state**: Sachsen
- **district**: Zwickau
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Rund um den Auersberg
- **elevation**: 336
- **area**: 15.48
- **postal code**: 09350
- **area code**: 037204
- **licence**: Z
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 14524160
- **divisions**: 3
- **mayor**: Thomas Nordheim
Otogizōshi

**Otogizōshi** are a group of short stories with pictures, written in Japan, mostly in the period between 1392 and 1573. There are about 350 of these stories. They are about many different things: love, religion, fighting, humor, and other things. The _otogizōshi_ were often read to an audience.

## Other websites

- Online edition of the _Otogizōshi_ at Kyoto University
Salem, Massachusetts

**Salem** is a city in Essex County, in Massachusetts. It was home of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Salem, Massachusetts
- **nickname**: The Witch City, The City of Witches, Pleasure City
- **motto**: _Divitis Indiae usque ad ultimum sinum_ (Latin: To the farthest port of the rich Indies)
- **image seal**: City of Salem city seal.png
- **image flag**: Flag of Salem, Massachusetts.png
- **image map**: Essex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Salem highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Essex County, Massachusetts
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Essex County, Massachusetts, Essex
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1626
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1629
- **established title3**: City
- **established date3**: 1836
- **government type**: Mayor-council city
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total km2**: 47.40
- **area total sq mi**: 18.30
- **area land km2**: 21.48
- **area land sq mi**: 8.29
- **area water km2**: 25.92
- **area water sq mi**: 10.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **settlement type**: City
- **population total**: 44480
- **population density km2**: 2070.66
- **population density sq mi**: 5362.91
- **elevation m**: 8
- **timezone**: Eastern
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 01970
- **area code**: 351, 978
- **blank name**: FIPS code
- **blank info**: 25-59105
- **blank1 name**: GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0614337
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **founder**: Roger Conant (colonist), Roger Conant
Deval Patrick

**Deval Laurdine Patrick** (born July 31, 1956) is an American politician. He was elected to be the governor of Massachusetts in 2006. He is the first African-American to be elected governor of that state. He is only the third African-American to be elected a governor of any state in the United States. Patrick ran as a Democrat.

He was born in Chicago, Illinois on 31 July 1956, is a lawyer, and holds two degrees from Harvard University.

On November 11, 2019, _The New York Times_ reported that Patrick was thinking of a 2020 presidential candidacy. He announced his candidacy three days later on November 14. He ended his campaign on February 12, 2020 a day after the New Hampshire primary.

## Other websites

- Deval Patrick for All  _official presidential campaign site_
- Deval Patrick for Governor  **official campaign site**
- National Governors Association - Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick  **biography**
- Transcript of Deval Patrick's acceptance speech _The Boston Globe_, November 8, 2006

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Deval Patrick
- **image**: Deval Patrick official photo.jpg
- **office**: Senior Advisor of the Chicago Police Department, Chicago Police Accountability Task Force
- **term start**: December 1, 2015
- **term end**: April 13, 2016
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **successor**: Position abolished
- **order1**: 71st Governor of Massachusetts
- **lieutenant1**: Tim Murray
- **term start1**: January 4, 2007
- **term end1**: January 8, 2015
- **predecessor1**: Mitt Romney
- **successor1**: Charlie Baker
- **office2**: United States Assistant Attorney General for the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, Civil Rights Division
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: April 22, 1994
- **term end2**: January 20, 1997
- **predecessor2**: John R. Dunne, John Dunne
- **successor2**: Bill Lann Lee, Bill Lee
- **birth name**: Deval Laurdine Patrick
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Diane Bemus
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Harvard University
- **signature**: Deval Patrick Signature.svg
Provisional designation in astronomy

A **provisional designation in astronomy** is the naming convention of astronomical objects as soon as they are found. The provisional designation is usually replaced by a permanent name once a good orbit has been calculated. With asteroids, so many have been found that many will never be named by the people who found them.

## Other websites

- When did the asteroids become minor planets?
- New and old-style minor planet designations (Minor Planet Center)
Traffic sign

A **traffic sign** or a **road sign** is a sign put at the side of roads to give information to drivers. It can direct people driving where to go or what to do.

A road sign is something that gives information by means of a symbol, or in only 1 or 2 words. It helps people in their vehicles on the road. Some signs include: give way, stop, keep left, no U-turn, no parking, zebra crossing ahead, and much more.  Traffic signs are very useful. Without signs and traffic lights there would be many accidents and arguments on the road.

Road signs in Germany
Italian National Institute of Statistics

**Istituto Nazionale di Statistica** is the national statistical institute of Italy. The name translates to 'National Institute of Statistics'. This institute collects information about the country, including counting the people in Italy (the _census_). It is sometimes called _Istat_.

## Other websites

- Istat and the people of Italy
Harold Rubin

**Harold Rubin** (13 May 1932 – 1 April 2020) was a South African-born Israeli visual artist and free jazz clarinettist. He was born in Johannesburg. He became a founding member of the 1980s Zaviot jazz quartet, which recorded albums with the label Jazzis Records and performed at festivals and clubs in Israel and Europe until its break-up in 1989.

Rubin died on 1 April 2020, aged 87.
Barbour County, Alabama

**Barbour County, Alabama** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of James Barbour, who was Governor of Virginia.  As of 2020 the population was 25,223.  Its county seat is Clayton.

## History

Barbour County was created on December 18, 1832 from former Creek Indian territory and a portion of Pike County. Its borders were altered in 1866 and 1868. The Election Riot of 1874 occurred near Comer.

### Major Highways

- U.S. Highway 82
- U.S. Highway 431
- State Route 10
- State Route 30
- State Route 51

### Adjacent counties

- Russell County, Alabama - northeast
- Quitman County, Georgia - east
- Stewart County, Georgia - east
- Clay County, Georgia - southeast
- Henry County, Alabama - south
- Dale County, Alabama - south
- Pike County, Alabama - west
- Bullock County, Alabama - northwest

### National protected area

- Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge

## Cities and towns

- Bakerhill
- Blue Springs
- Clayton
- Clio
- Eufaula
- Elamville
- Louisville

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Barbour County
- **state**: Alabama
- **founded year**: 1832
- **founded date**: December 18
- **named for**: James Barbour
- **seat wl**: Clayton
- **largest city wl**: Eufaula
- **area total sq mi**: 905
- **area land sq mi**: 885
- **area water sq mi**: 20
- **area percentage**: 2.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 25223
- **population density km2**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **ex image**: Barbour County Alabama Courthouse.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Barbour County courthouse in Clayton
Monpazier

**Monpazier** is a city in France. It is in the Dordogne departement, in Aquitaine. In 1999, 516 people lived there. It has been named one of the most beautiful villages in France by the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. It was built as a bastide. For some time, Eleanor of Aquitaine and Richard III lived there.

The city was founded by Edward I of England in 1284. It is of rectangular design, built around a main square.

The city is about half-way between Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda. Each city is about 45 km away. The River Dropt runs through the city.
Hurricane Erika (2003)

**Hurricane Erika** was a Atlantic hurricane that hit extreme northeastern Mexico near the Texas-Tamaulipas border. It happened on August 16, during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Erika was the eighth tropical cyclone, fifth tropical storm, and third hurricane of the season that year. The storm was created from a non-tropical area of low pressure that was tracked for five days before developing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on August 14. Under the influence of a high pressure system, Erika moved quickly westward and became stronger under favorable conditions.

## Storm history

A weak surface area of low pressure came apart from a frontal system on August 8. It was moving southwestward during that time. On August 9, it created convection  when it was passing underneath a cold-core upper-level low.  As the system rapidly continued westward, a lot of the convection stayed near the center of the upper-level low, preventing development of a closed surface circulation. On August 13, while located near the northwestern Bahamas, an increase in convection made the upper-level low building downwards to the middle levels of the troposphere, which caused the development of an upper level anticyclone.

On August 14, a closed low-level circulation nearly developed to the east of Key Largo, Florida, but because of the deep convection remaining to the north over the mid-level center, it was weakened. The mid-level storm continued going westward and it moved across Florida. After crossing Florida, Hurricane Hunters showed a poor circulation, but with winds higher than tropical storm strength, and the system was designated as Tropical Storm _Erika_ late on August 14 while located 85 miles (135 km) west of Fort Myers.

With well-established outflow and low levels of wind shear, Erika became stronger as the circulation became better defined. A high pressure system covered over the south-central United States, forcing the storm to move just south of due west at 25 mph (40 km/h). On August 15, convection were made into bands, and as its winds were turning into hurricane strength, an eye developed within the storm. The storm quickly weakened over the Sierra Madre Oriental, and Erika was calming down early on August 17. After entering the Gulf of California on August 18, It led to the formation of a tropical disturbance. It went to the northwest and weakened on August 20.

## Other websites

- Erika's Tropical Cyclone Report

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Erika
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2003
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Erika 16 aug 2003 1310Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Erika at peak intensity over northeastern Mexico on August 16
- **formed**: August 14, 2003
- **dissipated**: August 17, 2003
- **1-min winds**: 65
- **pressure**: 986
- **damages**: 0.01
- **inflated**: 0
- **fatalities**: 2 direct
- **areas**: Florida, Mexico, south Texas
- **hurricane season**: 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
Sweet chestnut

- _The other kind of chestnut is commonly called horse chestnut. It is not related to this tree._

The **sweet chestnut** (_Castanea sativa_), sometimes called **European chestnut**, **Spanish chestnut** or **Portuguese chestnut** is a kind of tree.

Originally these trees were native to the Mediterranean parts of Europe and Asia Minor. These trees can grow to sizes between 20 and 35m high. The trees are deciduous, they do not have leaves in winter.

The trees are usually grown for their edible fruit.
James S. Sherman

**James Schoolcraft Sherman** (October 24, 1855 – October 30, 1912) was the 27th vice president of the United States from March 4, 1909 to October 30, 1912. He was a member of the Republican Party and served with U.S. President William Howard Taft.

Before he became vice president, he was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York from 1887 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1909.

Sherman was the seventh and most recent vice president to have died in office.

## Other websites

- Biography of James S. Sherman

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: James S. Sherman
- **image**: James Schoolcraft Sherman.jpg
- **office**: 27th Vice President of the United States
- **president**: William Howard Taft
- **term start**: March 4, 1909
- **term end**: October 30, 1912
- **predecessor**: Charles W. Fairbanks
- **successor**: Thomas R. Marshall
- **office1**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from New York (state), New York
- **constituency1**: (1893–1903)
 (1903–09)
- **term start1**: March 4, 1893
- **term end1**: March 3, 1909
- **predecessor1**: James J. Belden
- **successor1**: Charles S. Millington
- **term start2**: March 4, 1887
- **term end2**: March 3, 1891
- **predecessor2**: John T. Spriggs
- **successor2**: Henry Wilbur Bentley
- **office3**: List of mayors of Utica, New York, Mayor of Utica
- **term start3**: March 1884
- **term end3**: March 1885
- **predecessor3**: John T. Spriggs
- **successor3**: Thomas E. Kinney
- **birth name**: James Schoolcraft Sherman
- **birth place**: Utica, New York U.S.
- **death place**: Utica, New York U.S.
- **restingplace**: Forest Hill Cemetery (Utica, New York), Forest Hill Cemetery
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Richard U. Sherman (father)
- **education**: Hamilton College, Hamilton College, New York (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **signature**: James Schoolcraft Sherman Signature.svg
- **signature alt**: Cursive signature in ink
- **nickname**: Sunny Jim
- **profession**: Attorney
Rainer Küchl

**Rainer Küchl** is an Austrian musician.  He plays the violin and is a music professor.

He started to play the violin at the age of 11. At the age of 14, he studied music at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna.

He became the concertmaster of the Vienna Philharmonic at the age of 20. In 1973 he founded the Küchl Quartett which is known as the Wiener Musikverein Quartett.

## Other websites

- Rainer Küchl Official Website
- Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
- Vienna Musikverein
- Küchl Biography
Wilson Allen Wallis

**Wilson Allen Wallis** (November 5, 1912 – October 12, 1998) was an American economist and statistician best known for serving as president of the University of Rochester.  He studied at the University of Minnesota and finished his studies in 1932. He was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity.

From 1959 to 1989, he was the economic adviser to the U.S. presidents Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: W. Allen Wallis
- **image**: WAllenWallis1970.jpg
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: President of the University of Rochester
- **term start**: 1962
- **term end**: 1970
- **predecessor**: Cornelis de Kiewiet, Cornelis W. de Kiewiet
- **successor**: Robert Sproull, Robert L. Sproull
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Rochester, New York
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **spouse**: Anne Armstrong
- **children**: Nancy Wallis Ingling
Virginia Wallis Cates
- **parents**: Wilson Dallam Wallis, Grace Steele Allen
- **alma mater**: University of Minnesota, University of Chicago
- **profession**: Academic administration, Administrator
March of the Penguins

***March of the Penguins*** is a documentary about Emperor penguins. It won an Academy Award and was directed by Luc Jacquet. It was made in France.

## Related pages

- _Penguin Town_

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: March of the Penguins
- **director**: Luc Jacquet
- **cinematography**: Laurent Chalet
Jérôme Maison
- **producer**: Ilann Girard
Yves Darondeau
Christophe Lioud
Emmanuel Priou
- **writer**: Luc Jacquet
Michel Fessler
- **narrator**: Morgan Freeman
Charles Berling
Romane Bohringer
Jules Sitruk
- **starring**: Emperor Penguin
- **music**: Emilie Simon
Alex Wurman (US version)
- **distributor**: Warner Independent Pictures (US)
Chrystal Films (Canada)
- **runtime**: 85 min.
84 min. (US version)
- **language**: French (original), English
Sindhi

**Sindhi** could mean:

- Anything related to Sindh, a province of Pakistan
- Sindhi people, an ethnic group from the province
- Sindhi language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Sindhi people
- Sindhi literature
- Sindhi culture, the culture of the Sindhi people
- Sindhi food
- Sindhi music, regional music of Sindh
Mangrio

**Mangrio** (Sindhi مݣڕیو, ) is A Sindhi Muslim Rajput tribe found in the Sindh, Punjab region of Pakistan and Rajasthan, Gujrat  in India. Mangrio are Suryavanshi Rajput<nowiki/>s. The Mangrio are from the Royal family of Jaisalmer, India.

## Geographic distribution

In Sindh they are found mainly in Shikarpur, Hyderabad, Tharparkar, Sanghar, khipro, Umerkot, Mirpur Khas, Sukkur, Larkana, Raipur, Kandiaro,Karachi, Madeji and Khairpur districts. In Punjab they are mainly found in Rahimyar, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Muzaffar Garh.

Mangrio people also live in Balochistan. In India they are found mainly in the Jaisalmer, Barmer, and Bikaner districts.

## Notable Mangrio

Hazrat Abdul Raheem Girhori, a Mangrio man, was a great scholar and Walee of his time.  His tomb is located near the area of Mirpur Khas.
Enlightenment (window manager)

**Enlightenment** (also known simply as **E**), is a free software/open source window manager for the X Window System. It can be used alone or together with a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE. Enlightenment is sometimes used as a replacement for a full desktop environment.

## History

The first version of Enlightenment was released by Raster (Carsten Haitzler) on 1996-10-30.

Enlightenment has been under development for 10 years. Its latest stable release is **E17**. It always comes with a warning that it is in permanent "heavy development" and remains "not stable".

## Related pages

- Eterm - the Enlightened Terminal
- Enlightenment Foundation Libraries
- Elive - an installable LiveCD of Debian GNU/Linux built to showcase Enlightenment (Includes both DR16 & DR17.)
- gOS - an Ubuntu-based distribution available on an installable live CD, working on low-end systems and employing a Mac OS X like look.
- OpenGEU - an Ubuntu-based distribution with E17 supplemented with elements from GNOME and Xfce
- Maryan Linux - an Ubuntu based distribution. Available on an installable live CD, working on low-end systems.
- OzOS - an Ubuntu-based distribution with e17 compiled and maintained directly from CVS source via morlenxus easy_e17.sh script.
- Exalt The Network manager for E17.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Enlightenment SourceForge.net Project Page
- UEOSC (United Enlightenment Operating Systems Council)

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Enlightenment
- **title**: Enlightenment
- **logo**: E17 enlightenment logo shiny black curved.svg
- **logo size**: 64px
- **screenshot**: E17 bw screenshot.png
- **screenshot size**: 250px
- **caption**: Enlightenment DR17
- **author**: Carsten Haitzler
- **developer**: E17 Development Team
- **released**: 1997
- **latest release version**: E17 0.17.2.1
- **latest preview version**: E18 0.17.99.83478
- **programming language**: C (programming language), C
- **operating system**: Unix-like
- **status**: active
- **genre**: Window manager
- **license**: BSD License, BSD
Buddhism in Pakistan

There are no significant Buddhist communities left in Pakistan.

A few Buddhists may still exist in **Pakistani Kashmir ** and a significant community exists in Jammu and Kashmir to the east of the Line of Control. Mostly Ladakhi and ethnically related to Tibetans (plus a few Indo-Aryan Dards), a rough dividing line between Islamic culture and Buddhist culture can be drawn through Mulbekh and Shergol in the Indus valley (to the east of Kargil) and well to the west of Leh, the Nun Kun massif and Rangdum Buddhist monastery at the head of the Suru river valley (a tributary of the Indus) on the Indian Kashmiri side of the line of control.

## Historical significance

The region that is today known as Pakistan once had a large Buddhist population, with the majority of people in Gandhara (present day North Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan) being Buddhist. Gandhara was largely Mahayana Buddhist, and was also a stronghold of Vajrayana Buddhism. The Swat Valley, known in antiquity as Uddiyana, was a kingdom tributary to Gandhara. There are many archaeological sites from the Buddhist era in Swat.

The Buddhist sage Padmasambhava is said to have been born in a village near the present day town of Chakdara in Lower Dir District, which was then a part of Uddiyana. Padmasambhava is known as Guru Rinpoche in Tibetan and it is he who introduced Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet.

Buddhism was also practiced in the Punjab and Sindh regions.

Most Buddhists in Punjab converted to Hinduism from 600 AD onwards. Buddhism was the faith practiced by the majority of the population of Sindh up to the Arab conquest by the Umayyad Caliphate in 710 AD. After the partition of Pakistan and India, the Buddhists fled to India, similar to other faiths like Hindus, Sikhs, and Christians in the Pakistan region.

## Other websites

- Archaeological sites in Gandhara region

### Related pages

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-MmDkVQo2k
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhMrdp4AaG0
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=915YpSCc7hU
Colleges and universities in Utah

This is a list of colleges and universities in Utah:

## Public

- College of Eastern Utah
- Salt Lake Community College
- Snow College
- Southern Utah University
- University of Utah
- Utah College of Applied Technology
- Utah State University
- Utah Tech University
- Utah Valley University
- Weber State University

## Private

- Brigham Young University
- Eagle Gate College
- LDS Business College
- Provo College
- Stevens-Henager College
- Utah Career College
- Westminster College
- Webster University Utah
World Series of Poker

The **World Series of Poker** (**WSOP**) is a series of poker tournaments.  The tournaments are held each year in Las Vegas, Since 2004, the tournaments have been sponsored by Caesars Entertainment. The WSOP started in  1970. Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament/ The winner was chosen by a secret ballot of the seven players.

As of 2020, there are 101 events in the WSOP. Most major poker variants are included. recently, most of the events have been variants of Texas hold 'em. Events take place during one day or over several days during June and July. Starting in 2008, the Main Event final table was not played until November. The 2012 and 2016 Main Event final tables were played in October because of the United States presidential election. As of May 2017, the World Series of Poker has gone back to the Main Event winner in being played in July. A hybrid online format was used in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Series of Poker changed back to -person play when it started back on September 30, 2021, in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: World Series of Poker
- **pixels**: 150px
- **sport**: Poker
- **founded**: Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, U.S. (1970)
- **champion**: Josh Arieh
(Player of the Year);
 Koray Aldemir
(Main Event winner)
- **most champs**: Phil Hellmuth
(most World Series of Poker bracelet, bracelets, 16);
 Johnny Moss,
 Stu Ungar
(most Main Event wins, 3)
- **owner**: Binion's Gambling Hall and Hotel, Binion's Horseshoe (1970–2004)
Caesars Entertainment Corporation, Harrah's Entertainment (2004–2020)
Eldorado Resorts, Caesars Entertainment (2020–present)
- **founder**: Benny Binion
Colleges and universities in Washington

This is a list of colleges and universities in Washington:

## Public

- Bellevue College
- Bellingham Technical College
- Big Bend Community College
- Cascadia Community College
- Centralia Community College
- Central Washington University
- Clark College
- Clover Park Technical College
- Columbia Basin College
- Community Colleges of Spokane
    - Institute for Extended Learning
    - Spokane Community College
    - Spokane Falls Community College
- Eastern Washington University
- Edmonds Community College
- Everett Community College
- The Evergreen State College
- Green River Community College
- Highline Community College
    - Des Moines
    - Federal Way
- Lake Washington Technical College
- Lower Columbia College
- Olympic College
- Peninsula College
- Pierce College
    - Lakewood
    - Puyallup
- Seattle Community College District
    - North Seattle
    - Seattle Central
    - Seattle Vocational Institute
    - South Seattle
- Shoreline Community College
- Tacoma Community College
- University of Washington
    - Bothell
    - Tacoma
- Walla Walla Community College
- Washington State University
    - Tri-Cities
    - Vancouver
- Western Washington University
- Whatcom Community College

## Private

- Art Institute of Seattle
- Bastyr University
- City University of Seattle
- Cornish College of the Arts
- DigiPen Institute of Technology
- Faith Evangelical Lutheran Seminary
- Gonzaga University
- Heritage University
- Northwest University
- Pacific Lutheran University
- St. Martin's University
- Seattle Pacific University
- Seattle University
    - Matteo Ricci College
- School of Visual Concepts
- Trinity Lutheran College
- University of Puget Sound
- Walla Walla University
- Whitman College
- Whitworth University
OpenDocument

**OpenDocument Format** (**ODF**) is a computer file format for word processors, presentation software and other computer programs. For example, OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice are programs that use ODF to save text, slideshows and spreadsheets. The format was created by Sun Microsystems for their StarOffice office suite.

The content of an ODF file are XML files that are inside a ZIP. By using ZIP compression, the files are much smaller.

The most common filename extensions used for OpenDocument documents are:
- `.odt` and `.fodt` for word processing (text) documents
- `.ods` and `.fods` for spreadsheets
- `.odp` and `.fodp` for presentations
- `.odg` and `.fodg` for graphics
- `.odf` for formula, mathematical equations
Boston College

**Boston College** is a private university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. It is also known for its sports teams.