Zhiyi

**Zhiyi** (; 538–597 CE) also **Chen De'an** (陳德安), was an important Chinese Buddhist philosopher. Zhiyi is famous for developing a well developed philosophical system for Chinese Buddhism. He is also known for having made a big break with Indian Buddhist traditions.

According to David W. Chappell, Zhiyi "has been ranked with Thomas Aquinas and al-Ghazali as one of the great systematizers of religious thought and practice in world history."

## Works

- Dharmamitra (trans.): The Essentials of Buddhist Meditation by Shramana Zhiyi, Kalavinka Press 2008,
- Donner, Neal & Daniel B. Stevenson (1993). _The Great Calming and Contemplation_. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.
- Shen, Haiyan. The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: T'ien-t'ai Philosophy of Buddhism volumes I and II. Delhi: Originals, 2005. ISBN 8188629413
- Swanson, Paul L.; trans. (2004). The Great Cessation and Contemplation (Mo-ho Chih-kuan, Chapter 1-6), CD-ROM, Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Co.
- Tam, Wai Lun (1986). A Study and Translation on the Kuan-hsin-lun of Chih-i (538-597) and its Commentary by Kuan-Ting, Hamilton, Ontario: McMaster University
- Thich Tien Tam, trans.  (1992). Ten Doubt about Pure Land by Dharma Master Chi-I (T. 47 No. 1961).  In: Pure Land Buddhism - Dialogues with Ancient Masters, NY: Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada & Buddha Dharma Education Association, pp. 19–51.

## Secondary sources

- Chappell, David W. (1987). 'Is Tendai Buddhism Relevant to the Modern World?', _Japanese Journal of Religious Studies_ 14/2-3, 247–266.
- Dumoulin, Heinrich (1993). "Early Chinese Zen Reexamined ~ A Supplement to 'Zen Buddhism: A History'", _Japanese Journal of Religious Studies_ 1993 20/1.
- Dumoulin, Heinrich (author); Heisig, James W. (trans.) & Knitter, Paul, trans. (2005). _Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China_. World Wisdom. ISBN 978-0-941532-89-1
- Hurvitz, Leon (1962). _Chih-i (538–597): An Introduction to the Life and Ideas of a Chinese Buddhist Monk_. Mélanges Chinois et Bouddhiques XII, Bruxelles: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises.
- Kantor, Hans-Rudolf (2002). Contemplation: Practice, Doctrine and Wisdom in the Teaching of Zhiyi (538-597), Inter-Religio 42, 21-37
- Rhodes, Robert (2012). The Development of Zhiyi´s Three Contemplations and its Relation to the Three Truths Theory. In Conference Papers: Tiantai Buddhist Thought and Practice, Taipei: Huafan University, pp. 312–357
- Stevenson, Daniel B. (1986). The Four Kinds of Samādhi in Early T'ien-t'ai Buddhism. In: Peter N. Gregory: Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism Vol. 1, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp.  45–98. ISBN 0-8248-1088-0.

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **name**: Zhiyi
- **native name**: 智顗
- **native name lang**: zh
- **image**: Sramana Zhiyi.jpeg
- **caption**: Painting of Śramaṇa Zhiyi.
- **religion**: Buddhism
- **school**: Tiantai
- **lineage**: 4th generation
- **temple**: Waguan Temple
Guoqing Temple
- **other names**: Chen De'an (), Master Tiantai (天台大師), Master Zhizhe (智者大師)
- **dharma names**: Zhiyi
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **birth date**: 16 February 538
- **birth place**: Gong'an County, Hubei, China
- **death place**: Tiantai County, Zhejiang, China
- **teacher**: Faxu ()
Huikuang ()
Nanyue Huisi
- **background**: #FFD068


## Infobox (chinese)

- **t**: 智顗
- **s**: 智𫖮
- **p**: Zhìyǐ
- **w**: Chih<sup>4</sup>-i<sup>3</sup>
- **j**: Zi3-ngai5
- **y**: Ji-ngáih
- **hangul**: 지의
- **rr**: Chigi
- **kanji**: 智顗
- **romaji**: Chigi