juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug

***The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*** is a 2013 epic fantasy and adventure movie. The movie is about Bilbo Baggins going with Thorin Oakenshield and his dwarves to reclaim Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug. Benedict Cumberbatch plays Smaug. Evangeline Lilly plays the elf Tauriel.

Ed Sheeran's "I See Fire" plays during the movie's end credits.

The movie took in over $960 million overall. This is more than both _The Fellowship of the Ring_ and _The Two Towers_. It is the fourth highest-grossing film of 2013 and the 34th highest-grossing film of all time. The film stars Martin Freeman, Ian McKellen, Lee Pace, and other casts while Luke Evans, Orlando Bloom and Stephen Fry have first appeared.

## Reception worldwide

Outside North America, _The Desolation of Smaug_ was released  internationally on 16,405 screens. The film earned $135.4 million in its opening weekend. Its largest openings occurred in China ($33.0 million), Germany ($19.0 million) and the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta ($15.2 million). It topped the box office outside North America on four consecutive weekends and five in total. It is the highest-grossing film of 2013 in many European countries.

## Cast

- Ian McKellen as Gandalf
- Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
- Richard Armitage as Thorin
- Ken Stott as Balin
- Graham McTavish as Dwalin
- William Kircher as Bifur
- James Nesbitt as Bofur
- Stephen Hunter as Bombur
- Dean O'Gorman as Fili
- Aidan Turner as Kili
- John Callen as Oin
- Peter Hambleton as Gloin
- Jed Brophy as Nori
- Mark Hadlow as Dori
- Adam Brown as Ori
- Orlando Bloom as Legolas
- Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel
- Lee Pace as Thranduil
- Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
- Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug/Necromancer
- Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
- Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
- Antony Sher as Thrain
- Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
- Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
- Ryan Gage as Alfrid
- John Bell as Bain
- Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
- Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
- Manu Bennett as Azog
- Lawrence Makoare as Bolg
- Ben Mitchell as Narzog
- Stephen Ure as Fimbul
- Craig Hall as Galion
- Robin Kerr as Elros
- Eli Kent as Lethuin
- Simon London as Feren

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Hobbit:
 The Desolation of Smaug
- **director**: Peter Jackson
- **music**: Howard Shore
- **cinematography**: Andrew Lesnie
- **editing**: Jabez Olssen
- **distributor**: New Line Cinema
- **runtime**: 161 minutes (theatrical version)
186 minutes (extended version)
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $191.2 million
- **gross**: $959 million
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies

***The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*** is a 2014 action fantasy adventure movie. It is about the dwarves and Bilbo having accidentally released the dragon Smaug. Bard the Bowman breaks out of prison and fights Smaug. Lee Pace plays Thranduil. Orlando Bloom plays Legolas. Evangeline Lilly plays Tauriel. Christopher Lee plays Saruman. Hugo Weaving plays Elrond. Cate Blanchett plays Galadriel.

The movie took in over $962 million overall. It got mostly positive reviews from critics.

## Cast

- Ian McKellen as Gandalf
- Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
- Richard Armitage as Thorin
- Ken Stott as Balin
- Graham McTavish as Dwalin
- William Kircher as Bifur
- James Nesbitt as Bofur
- Stephen Hunter as Bombur
- Dean O'Gorman as Fili
- Aidan Turner as Kili
- John Callen as Oin
- Peter Hambleton as Gloin
- Jed Brophy as Nori
- Mark Hadlow as Dori
- Adam Brown as Ori
- Orlando Bloom as Legolas
- Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel
- Lee Pace as Thranduil
- Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
- Hugo Weaving as Elrond
- Christopher Lee as Saruman
- Ian Holm as Old Bilbo
- Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug/Necromancer
- Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
- Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
- Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
- Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
- Ryan Gage as Alfrid
- John Bell as Bain
- Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
- Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
- Manu Bennett as Azog
- John Tui as Bolg
- Billy Connolly as Dain
- Simon London as Feren
- Conan Stevens as Keeper of the Dungeons
- Allan Smith as Ragash

## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Peter Jackson
- **music**: Howard Shore
- **cinematography**: Andrew Lesnie
- **editing**: Jabez Olssen
- **distributor**: New Line Cinema
- **runtime**: 144 minutes (theatrical version)
164 minutes (extended version)
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $250–300 million
- **gross**: $962.2 million
Antoine of Navarre

**Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme**, also called **Antoine of Navarre** (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage (_jure uxoris_) to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the founder of the Royal House of Bourbon. Antoine was the father of Henry IV of France.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Antoine
- **succession**: King of Navarre
- **image**: Antoine-de-bourbon.jpg
- **birth place**: La Fère, Picardy, France
- **death place**: Les Andelys, Eure
- **burial place**: Vendôme
- **reign**: 25 May 1555 – 17 November 1562
- **reg-type**: Co-monarch
- **regent**: Jeanne d'Albret, Jeanne III
- **house**: House of Bourbon
- **father**: Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, Charles, Duke of Vendôme
- **mother**: Françoise of Alençon
- **spouse**: Jeanne d'Albret, Jeanne III, Queen of Navarre
- **issue**: Henry IV of France, Henry IV, King of France
 Catherine de Bourbon, Catherine, Hereditary Princess of Lorraine
- **predecessor**: Henry II of Navarre, Henry II
- **successor**: Jeanne d'Albret, Jeanne III
I See Fire

**"I See Fire"** is a song from the movie _The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug_. It is played during the end credits. It was performed by Ed Sheeran. The song hit #1 in New Zealand.

The song was released in November 2013.
Assistant secretary

**Assistant Secretary** is a title used by politicians or government officials in certain countries. These are often junior ministers assigned to a specific cabinet minister.

## Australia

The level of **Assistant Secretary** is a position in the Government of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, Commonwealth Government or the Australian Federal Government). The position falls under the Australian Public Service Act 1999, and holds the level of Senior Executive Service (SES) Level Band 1. The position also holds several other titles such as: Branch Head, National Manager, Group Manager, and Executive Director.

## Ireland

The grade of **Assistant Secretary** is a position in the Irish Civil Service. It is very similar to its British counterpart. It may now be called a different name, depending on the department or office.

## The Netherlands

An **Assistant Secretary** (in Dutch: _"staatssecretaris"_) assists a specific minister. Each assistant secretary works in a particular department of the government, and helps the minister of that department.

## United States

In the United States, the rank of **Assistant Secretary** is a high level civilian official within the United States federal government. They are an official of sub-Cabinet rank. Assistant Secretaries are appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. They are assigned to assist a specific cabinet secretary.
Jure uxoris

**Iure uxoris** (or **Jure uxrois**) is a Latin term that was mainly used in the Middle Ages. It was used to refer to a title of nobility a man used, but which originally belonged to his wife, who also had that title.
Anne Cuneo

**Anne Cuneo** (September 1936 – 11 February 2015) was a French-born Swiss journalist, novelist, theatre and movie director and screenwriter.

She was born in Paris. She studied in Lausanne. Her first novel came in 1967 and was called _Gravé au diamant._ In 1979 she received the lesser prize of the **Schweizerische Schillerstiftung** and by 1987 she worked for Télévision Suisse Romande.
Kesava Reddy

**Kesava Reddy** () (10 March 1946 – 13 February 2015) was a Telugu novelist. He was from Andhra Pradesh state in India. In his writings, he talked about many of the important social problems in India like poverty, prejudices, and superstitions, and encourages people to be socially responsible.
Stan Chambers

**Stanley Holroyd "Stan" Chambers** (August 11, 1923 – February 13, 2015) was an American television reporter. He worked for KTLA in Los Angeles from 1947 to 2010. Chambers has earned several Emmy Awards, Golden Mike Awards, LA City and County Proclamations, an LA Press Club Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

He retired on August 11, 2010 on his 87th birthday, marking 63 years as a reporter at KTLA. Chambers died on February 13, 2015 in Los Angeles, at the age of 91.
Wim Ruska

**Willem "Wim" Ruska** (29 August 1940 – 14 February 2015) was a Dutch judoka. He was the only athlete to win two judo medals in one Olympics – in the heavyweight and absolute categories in 1972.

Ruska was admitted to a nursing home in 2014, he died on 14 February 2015, aged 74.
Franjo Mihalić

**Franjo Mihalić** (; March 9, 1920 – February 14, 2015) was a Croatian Yugoslav long-distance runner. He was best known for his 1958 win at the Boston Marathon and his marathon silver medal in the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Marko Brainović

**Marko Brainović** (17 July 192016 October 2010) is a Croatian water polo player. He competed for Yugoslavia in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in 1952.

## Other websites

- profile
Cornelis Pieter van den Hoek

**Cornelis Pieter van den Hoek** (June 7, 1921 in Leerdam – February 12, 2015 in Werkendam) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. He was born in Leerdam. Van den Hoek was one of the few knights of the Dutch Military William Order.

On October 30, 1948, by Royal Decree, Van den Hoek was knighted by Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, receiving the fourth class (Knight) of the Military William Order.
Kingdom of Navarre

The **Kingdom of Navarre** was a small kingdom in Europe. It was independent from 841 to 1820. The kingdom was roughly in the Basque Country on both sides of the Pyrenees mountains. In 1512, it was split into two parts:  a Spanish part and a French part. In 1620, the French part, called Lower Navarre, became part of France. The Spanish part was independent until 1820. The capital of the kingdom was Pamplona.
Åkarp

**Åkarp** is a locality in Burlöv Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 5,617 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Åkarp
- **image skyline**: Ankskylt annan variant.jpg
- **image caption**: Warning sign for ducks in Åkarp
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Burlöv Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Skåne County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Skåne
- **area total km2**: 2.32
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 5,617
- **population density km2**: 2418
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Sanitation

**Sanitation** means dealing with human waste (feces and urine) safely . It also includes ways to maintain hygiene by disposing of garbage, treating wastewater and managing hazardous waste. Sanitation is important because it helps prevent the spread of germs and diseases. In past centuries it meant "health" and later "cleanliness".

In poor countries, many people have poor sanitation because they do not have good toilets. They also do not have good sewage systems. In developed countries, people usually have good sanitation because they have a sewage system to filter disease and toxins from the water. The use of toilets protects the health of a community by keeping germs out of the environment.

There are also other types of toilets that are more economical, better for the environment, and do not need big sewer systems or wastewater treatment plants. Examples are dry toilets and twin-pit pour-flush toilets (of which many have been installed in India).
Vint Cerf

**Vinton Gray** "**Vinton**" **Cerf** (; born June 23, 1943) is an American internet pioneer. He is thought of as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with American engineer Bob Kahn.

In March 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic, Cerf had tested positive for COVID-19.

## Other websites

- Internet Pioneers – Vint Cerf
- ICANNWiki on Vint Cerf
- A Protocol For Packet Network Intercommunication – The May 1974 _IEEE Transactions on Communications_ paper Cerf co-wrote with Bob Kahn that describes TCP.
- Archive of 'Cerf's Up' web pages while at MCI, Inc., 1982-1986.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Vinton Cerf
- **image**: Vint Cerf ARO2017.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Vinton Cerf in 2017
- **birth name**: Vinton Gray Cerf
- **birth place**: New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
- **field**: Telecommunications
- **workplaces**: IBM, UCLA, Stanford University, DARPA, MCI Inc., MCI, Corporation for National Research Initiatives, CNRI, Google
- **thesis title**: Multiprocessors, Semaphores, and a Graph Model of Computation
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/302671529/
- **thesis year**: 1972
- **doctoral advisor**: Gerald Estrin
- **alma mater**: Stanford University <small>(Bachelor of Science, B.S.)</small>
UCLA <small>(Master of Science, M.S. & Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D.)</small>
- **known for**: TCP/IP
Internet Society
Leonard Kleinrock

**Leonard Kleinrock** (born June 13, 1934) is an American engineer and computer scientist. He played an influential role in the creation of the ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, at UCLA.

## Other websites

- Kleinrock discusses his work on the ARPANET.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Leonard Kleinrock
- **image**: Leonard Kleinrock - Internet Hall of Fame inductees 2012 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kleinrock at a meeting of the Internet Hall of Fame inductees 2012
- **birth place**: New York City
- **nationality**: United States
- **field**: Engineering
 Computer science
- **workplaces**: UCLA
- **alma mater**: City College of New York, MIT
- **doctoral advisor**: Edward Arthurs
- **doctoral students**: Chris Ferguson
- **known for**: Internet development
- **prizes**: Marconi Prize
Harry H. Goode Memorial Award <small>(1996)</small>
National Medal of Science <small>(2007)</small>
IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award
Bob Kahn

**Robert Elliot "Bob" Kahn** (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer. Along with Vint Cerf, he invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

## Other websites

- DBLP Listing of some of Kahn's works
- Biography of Kahn  from IEEE
- Oral history interview with Robert E. Kahn, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Focuses on Kahn's role in the development of computer networking from 1967 through the early 1980s. Beginning with his work at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), Kahn discusses his involvement as the ARPANET proposal was being written, his decision to become active in its implementation, and his role in the public demonstration of the ARPANET. The interview continues into Kahn's involvement with networking when he moves to IPTO in 1972, where he was responsible for the administrative and technical evolution of the ARPANET, including programs in packet radio, the development of a new network protocol (TCP/IP), and the switch to TCP/IP to connect multiple networks.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Bob Kahn
- **birth name**: Robert Elliott Kahn
- **image**: Bob_Kahn.jpg
- **caption**: Bob Kahn in Geneva, May 2013
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York
- **nationality**: American
- **field**: Telecommunications, Computer network, networking
- **work institution**: Bell Labs
MIT
BBN Technologies, BBN
DARPA
Corporation for National Research Initiatives
- **alma mater**: City College of New York (B.E.E., 1960)
Princeton University (M.A., 1962; Ph.D., 1964)
- **known for**: TCP/IP
 the father of the Internet
- **spouse**: Patrice Ann Lyons
Oliver Rackham

**Oliver Rackham** (17 October 1939 – 12 February 2015) was a British academic. He studied the British countryside, especially trees, woodlands and wood pasture, Rackham wrote a number of books, including _The History of the Countryside_ (1986) and one on Hatfield Forest.

He died on 12 February 2015 at the age of 75.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Oliver Rackham
- **image**: Oliver Rackham.JPG
- **birth place**: Norwich, England
- **death place**: Cambridge, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom
- **field**: Botany
- **work institution**: University of Cambridge
- **alma mater**: University of Cambridge
- **known for**: Woodlands
- **prizes**: Order of the British Empire (1998)
Bess Myerson

**Bess Myerson** (July 16, 1924 – December 14, 2014) was an American model and television actress. She was also a former Miss America 1945. She was the only Jewish Miss America. She won the pageant not long after World War II ended.

She was seen often on television in the 1950s and 1960s.

She became a city commissioner in 1969. Her career, however, stalled in the late 1980s due to scandal.

Myerson was born in The Bronx, New York City. She had ovarian cancer in th 1970s and dementia at the end of her life. She died in Santa Monica, California, aged ninety.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bess Myerson
- **image**: Bess Myerson 1957.jpg
- **caption**: Myerson in 1957
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **known for**: Only Jewish American and first Miss New York elected Miss America
- **alma mater**: Hunter College
- **occupation**: Model, city commissioner, TV show celebrity
- **height**: 5'10"
- **spouse**: Allan Wayne
Arnold M. Grant
- **children**: Barra Grant
- **office**: Miss America 1945
- **predecessor**: Venus Ramey
- **successor**: Marilyn Buferd
- **office2**: Miss New York, Miss New York 1945
- **predecessor2**: Bobby MacAdam
- **successor2**: June Jenkins
- **office3**: New York City Department of Consumer Affairs, Commissioner of New York City Department of Consumer Affairs
- **predecessor3**: Gerard Maxwell Weisberg
as Commissioner of Public Markets
- **appointed3**: John V. Lindsay
- **term start3**: 1969
- **term end3**: 1973
Eryops

***Eryops***  is a genus of extinct, semi-aquatic temnospondyl.

They are found mostly in the Lower Permian-aged (about 295 million years ago) red beds of Texas. Fossils are also found in New Mexico and parts of the eastern United States. _Eryops_ also occurs in older Pennsylvanian strata of the Conemaugh Group in West Virginia.

_Eryops_ averaged a little over 1.5-2.0 meters (5–6.5 ft) long, so it was one of the largest land animals of its time.  It weighed about 90 kilograms (200 lb). It probably had few predators, although the apex predator of the time was the synapsid _Dimetrodon_, which was even larger. Several complete skeletons of _Eryops_ have been found in the Lower Permian, but skull bones and teeth are the most common fossils.

_Eryops_ was better adapted to a terrestrial environment than its ancestors. Sturdy limbs and a strong spine supported the body while out of water.
Naseer Aruri

**Naseer H. Aruri** (7 January 1934 – 10 February 2015) was a Palestinian scholar-activist. He was an expert on Middle East politics, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and human rights. He was born in Jerusalem.

Aruri was a Chancellor Professor (Emeritus) of Political Science, having served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth from 1965-1998.

Aruri died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Profile of Naseer Aruri at the Institute for Middle East Understanding
- "Naseer Aruri to speak at UW-Eau Claire forum", _University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire_, 29 October 2001
- "Personality: Naseer Aruri", _The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs_, June 1987
- Biography of Naseer Aruri at Selves and Others
David Walker (journalist)

**David Edward Walker** (born on May 21, 1941 in Edgewater, New Jersey) is an award-winning former television news anchor at KCRA in Sacramento, California. Walker first worked at WESH-TV in Orlando, Florida. He then moved to Sacramento in the 1970s with KOVR and KCRA. In 1980, Walker and co-anchor (and wife) Lois Hart left Sacramento to join CNN. They co-anchored CNN's first news broadcast on June 1, 1980.

In 1989, he joined NBC's cable news channel Consumer News and Business Channel and anchored its first news program. In 1990, Walker and Hart decided to return to Sacramento, where they anchored evening news broadcasts until 2008. In November 2008 he retired from KCRA.
2015 Copenhagen shootings

The **2015 Copenhagen attacks** were two spree shootings in Copenhagen, Denmark, starting in the afternoon of 14 February 2015.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: 2015 Copenhagen attacks
- **location**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **timezone**: UTC+1
- **type**: Mass shooting, spree shooting, terrorism
- **fatalities**: **3 total:**
* 1 (Krudttønden)
* 1 (Great Synagogue)
* 1 (Nørrebro Station; suspected perpetrator)
- **injuries**: **5 total:**
* 3 (Krudttønden)
* 2 (Great Synagogue)
- **perpetrator**: Omar Abdel Hamid El-Hussein
Lou Dobbs

**Louis Carl "Lou" Dobbs** (September 24, 1945 – July 18, 2024) was an American television journalist, business writer and news anchor. He was the host of the program _Lou Dobbs Tonight_ on the Fox Business Network. The show was cancelled in February 2021.

Dobbs was born in Childress County, Texas. He was raised in Rupert, Idaho. Dobbs studied at Harvard University.

Before Fox, Dobbs was an anchor, managing editor, an executive vice president at CNN.

He won an Emmy, a Peabody Award and a Luminary Award (from the Business Journalism Review).

Many personalities have accused him of racism mainly against Latin Americans, or Hispanic.

Dobbs died on July 18, 2024 in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 78.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lou Dobbs
- **image**: Lou Dobbs by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Dobbs at Conservative Political Action Conference, CPAC in 2015
- **birth name**: Louis Carl Dobbs
- **birth place**: Childress, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.
- **spouse**: Debi Lee Roth-Segura
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Hoyt Wilhelm

**James Hoyt Wilhelm** (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed "**Old Sarge**", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. Wilhelm played with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He played between 1952 and 1972. He was the first relief pitcher in the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Wilhelm did not enter the major leagues until his late twenties. He fought in World War II before playing Major League Baseball. He was known to throw a knuckleball. He sometimes played as a starting pitcher but most of the time played as a relief pitcher. Wilhem won 124 games which is more than any other relief pitcher. He was also the first pitcher to reach 200 saves and play in 1,000 games.

He pitched until he was almost 50 years old. Wilhelm retired with one of the lowest career earned run averages in baseball history. Wilhelm coached the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves many years after his retirement. He was a resident of Sarasota, Florida for a long time and died in a nursing home of heart failure in 2002.

## Early Life

Wilhem was born on July 26, 1922, in Huntersville, North Carolina. His parents, John and Ethel (née Stanley) Wilhelm, were tenant farmers and had eleven children. He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina. There he started trying to throw the knuckleball. Because he could not throw very fast, he thought that being able to throw a knuckleball would make him successful. He used a tennis ball to practice.

Wilhem started playing Minor League Baseball in 1942. He served in the United States Army during World War II. Wilhem fought in the Battle of the Bulge and was wounded. He also earned the Purple Heart award. In the military, Wilhem reached the rank of staff sergeant. He was nicknamed "Old Sarge" because he served in the military.

After serving in the military, he returned to playing minor league baseball in 1946. The New York Giants drafted Wilhem in the 1947 minor league draft. This is when he started playing in the major leagues.
Västra Husby

**Västra Husby** is a locality in Söderköping Municipality in Östergötland County in Sweden. In 2010, 486 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Västra Husby
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Söderköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Östergötland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Östergötland
- **area total km2**: 0.39
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 486
- **population density km2**: 1241
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Östra Ryd

**Östra Ryd** is a locality in Söderköping Municipality in Östergötland County in Sweden. In 2010, 457 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Östra Ryd
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Söderköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Östergötland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Östergötland
- **area total km2**: 0.76
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 457
- **population density km2**: 599
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Vätterstads IK

**Vätterstads IK** was an ice hockey club in Jönköping-Huskvarna in Sweden. The club was established in-mid 1967 whenIK Stefa and Vättersnäs IF merged. The club played its home games in Rosenlundshallen. The club played in the Swedish second division during the seasons of 1967-1968 and 1968-1969

In 1971, the club merged with Husqvarna IF's ice hockey section. This led to the establishment of HV71.

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Vätterstads IK
- **full name**: Vätterstads ishockeyklubb
- **sport**: ice hockey
- **arena**: Rosenlundshallen
- **city**: Jönköping-Huskvarna, Sweden
Söderhamns UIF

**Söderhamns UIF** is a sports club in the town of Söderhamn in Sweden. The club was established in 1960. The club won the Swedish national men's table tennis team championship in the years of 1978, 1982, 1985, 2001 and 2010.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Söderhamns UIF
- **full name**: Söderhamns ungdomsgårds idrottsförening
- **sport**: table tennis
- **arena**: Söderhamns idrottshall
- **city**: Söderhamn, Sweden
Donald Hall

**Donald Andrew Hall, Jr.** (September 20, 1928 – June 23, 2018), known as **Donald Hall** was an American poet, writer, editor and literary critic. He became the first poetry editor of _The Paris Review_ (1953–1961). On June 14, 2006, Hall was appointed as the Library of Congress's 14th Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry (commonly known as "Poet Laureate of the United States"). Hall served as poet laureate for one year.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Other websites

- Resources on Donald Hall from the Library of Congress
- Donald Hall's page at Poets.org
- "Donald Hall, Poet Laureate of the United States, talks with Robert Birnbaum" on _Identity Theory_ website, posted December 18, 2006
- Donald Hall, an interview with Pat Gage and Caitlin McKenna. Narrative Magazine (Spring 2010).
- Judith Moore interviews Donald Hall

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Donald Hall
- **birth place**: Hamden, Connecticut, US
- **death place**: Wilmot, New Hampshire, US
- **occupation**: Poet, writer, editor, critic.
- **nationality**: United States
- **period**: 1950–2018
- **genre**: poetry, essays, children's literature, memoirs, biography
- **spouse**:  Kirby Thompson  (m. 1952–67)

- **children**: Andrew
Philippa
- **awards**: Robert Frost Medal <small>(1991)</small>
Michele Ferrero

**Michele Ferrero** () (26 April 1925 – 14 February 2015) was an Italian businessman.

He was born in Dogliani, Piedmont, the son of Pietro Ferrero. He had two sons: Pietro Ferrero Jr. and Giovanni Ferrero.

He was the owner of the chocolate maker Ferrero SpA, one of Europe's largest with estimated 2012 sales of $19 billion. This made Ferrero the richest man in Italy and one of the richest in Europe.
Halmstad BTK

**Halmstad BTK** is a table tennis club in Halmstad, Sweden. It was established on 27 October 1937. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship in 1993 and 2003 and the Swedish women's national team championship in 1991, 1992, 1995 and 1996. Jörgen Persson and Åsa Svensson have played for the club.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Halmstad BTK
- **full name**: Halmstad bordtennisklubb
- **sport**: table tennis
- **arena**: Halmstad Arena
- **city**: Halmstad, Sweden
Kalmar BTK

**Kalmar BTK** is a table tennis club in the town of Kalmar in Sweden. It was established on 14 June 1960. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship in the years of 1996, 1999, 2000 and 2002. Jan-Ove Waldner played for the club between 1996 and 2006.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Kalmar BTK
- **full name**: Kalmar bordtennisklubb
- **sport**: table tennis
- **arena**: JO Waldnerhallen
- **city**: Kalmar, Sweden
Ängby SK

**Ängby SK** is a sports club in Vällingby in Sweden. It was established in 1956. The club won the Swedish national men's table tennis team championship in the years of 1992 and 1995. The women's team won the Swedish national championship during the season of 2014-2015. Jan-Ove Waldner and Mikael Appelgren have played for the club.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Ängby SK
- **full name**: Ängby sportklubb
- **sport**: table tennis
- **arena**: Vällingbyhallen
- **city**: Vällingby, Sweden
Lyckeby BTK

**Lyckeby BTK** is a table tennis club in Lyckeby in the town of Karlskrona in Sweden. it was established on 16 December 1946. The club won the Swedish national women's team championship in the years of 1994 and 1997. The club was known as Lösens BTK up to 1995.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Lyckeby BTK
- **full name**: Lyckeby bordtennisklubb
- **sport**: table tennis
- **history**: Lösens BTK (1946-1995)
- **arena**: Vedebyhallen
- **city**: Karlskrona, Sweden
Relief pitcher

In baseball and softball, a **relief pitcher** or **reliever** is a pitcher who enters the game after the starting pitcher is removed. There are different kinds of relief pitchers such as closers, set-up relief pitchers, middle relief pitchers, left/right-handed specialists, and long relievers. Relief pitchers are expected to pitch many games but in fewer innings than starters.
Putty

**Putty** is a squeezy dough-like material used for filling small spaces. It is often used for woodwork repair. Painters use it to fill holes and cracks in wood. Fireproof putties can be used round electrical boxes in drywall setups.

Plumber's putty is waterproof, used to make watertight seals in plumbing. Putty is always used for traditional glazing. It fixes and seal panes of glass into wooden frames (or sashes). PVC and metal window frames use synthetic sealants such as silicone.

Glazing putty is traditionally made by mixing a base of whiting (finely ground chalk) with linseed oil in various proportions. In woodworking, water-based putties are more often used: they have no odour, and are easy to clean up. They work just as well with water-based and latex sealers. There are now synthetic putties of various types. There are epoxy (two-part) putties which dry hard as iron, and holes can be drilled in if needed.
Ärtemarks IF

**Ärtemarks IF** is a sports club in Ärtemark in Sweden. The club's table tennis section won the Swedish women's national championships during the seasons of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The men's team qualified for the 2007-2008 Elitserien. The men's table tennis team also played som home games in the People's Republic of China. The club's table tennis activity was transfered  over to Dals BTK in 2014.

## Other websites

- Ärtemarks IF

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Ärtemarks IF
- **full name**: Ärtemarks idrottsförening
- **sport**: association football, soccer
table tennis (earlier)
- **city**: Ärtemark, Sweden
Norrköpings BTK

**Norrköpings BTK** was a table tennis club in the town of Norrköping in Sweden. The club won the Swedish national women's team championship during the season of 1997-1998.

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Norrköpings BTK
- **full name**: Norrköpings bordtennisklubb
- **sport**: table tennis
- **city**: Norrköping, Sweden
Öråns SK

**Öråns SK** is a sports club in the town of Lycksele in Sweden. It was established in 1970, The club won the Swedish national women's team table tennis championship during the season of 1998-1999.

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Öråns SK
- **full name**: Öråns sportklubb
- **sport**: badminton, table tennis, track and field athletics, floorball, skiing
- **city**: Lycksele, Sweden
MFF Bordtennis

**MFF Bordtennis** was the table tennis section of Malmö FF. The section was set up in 1975. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship during the seasons of 1988/1989, 1989-1990, 1990-1991, 1993-1994, 1996-1997, 1997-1998 and 2003-2004. The men's team became silver medalists at the Swedish national men's team championship during the season of 2004-2005. Jörgen Persson and Thomas von Scheele have both played for the club.

The table tennis section applied for bankruptcy on 3 July 2006. The table tennis section was then closed. Some attempts to keep the youth activity were done.

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: MFF Bordtennis
- **full name**: Malmö fotbollförening bordtennis
- **sport**: table tennis
- **arena**: Sofielunds idrottshus
- **city**: Malmö, Sweden
Jetstar Pacific Airlines

**Jetstar Pacific Airlines** is a low-cost airline of Vietnam. It was established by Vietnam Airlines in 1991. It flies to many domestic and some international destinations (Macau, Bangkok, Singapore). Its main airport is Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City. It has 10 Airbus A320 aircraft and will have 15 aircraft later in 2015.

## Destinations

- Vietnam
    - Ho Chi Minh City
    - Hanoi
    - Da Nang
    - Hai Phong
    - Huế
    - Nha Trang
    - Vinh
    - Dong Hoi
    - Quy Nhon
    - Da Lat
    - Buon Me Thuot
    - Can Tho
    - Phu Quoc
- Asia
Stone Forest

**Stone Forest** (_Shilin_) is a remarkable region of limestone columns. It is in Yunnan Province, China. Two parts of the site, the Naigu Stone Forest and Suogeyi Village are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. They are part of the South China Karst. The site is classified as a AAAAA-class tourist site. This is the highest rating in the Chinese tourist system.

## Formation

The stone forests formed some 270 million years ago in what was a shallow sea. They are mostly limestone, with some sandstone. Horizontal strata were laid down in the basin, and later was pushed up into the air. The limestone in the rocks was then eroded by wind and water to create these spectacular stone pillars. There is a very similar "forest" in Melarky, Madagascar, known as the Tsingy.
Jonathan Klein

**Jonathan Klein** was president of Cable News Network (CNN) for 6 years. He was fired in 2010. He was replaced by Ken Jautz, leader of CNN's sister network, CNN Headline News. Klein hired Eliot Spitzer as a talk show host. He fired Larry King and replaced him with Piers Morgan. While at CNN, he tried to hire Keith Olbermann away from NBC's cable news channel MSNBC. CNN exceutive Jim Walton did not want that, and it did not happen.
Aaron Brown

**Aaron Brown ** (November 10, 1948 – December 29, 2024) was an American broadcast journalist. He anchored _Newsnight with Aaron Brown_, CNN's main newscast. He was known for his reporting of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Before, he worked at ABC News as a weekend news anchor. He was a local television reporter in Seattle before this. Brown was a professor of journalism at Arizona State University. Brown was born in Hopkins, Minnesota.

Brown died on December 29, 2024 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 76.
Johan Jüngling

**Johan Jüngling**, born 1977, is a Swedish former squash player. He represented Växjö SK and lived in the town of Jönköping. He represented Sweden at several European championships and world championships.

He played for the Swedish national team for 10 years and was ranked number-one in Sweden. He won the Swedish national championship eight times as a junior. As a senior he bcame Swedish national champion four times. He also won the Andalucian team championship in 2005.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Johan Jüngling
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **birth date**: 1977
- **sport**: squash (sport), squash
- **club**: Växjö SK
Managing editor

A **Managing Editor** is a senior member of a Mass media management team. In radio and television networks the managing editor is the top executive. At local stations, a managing editor works directly under the news director. In newspaper publishing the Managing Editor (ME) reports directly to the editor-in-chief. In most organizations the managing editor can hire, fire, or promote staff members. In network broadcasting, the job of managing editor may be combined with other jobs. For example on NBC, Tom Brokaw was both anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News. At CNN Lou Dobbs was an anchor, managing editor and executive vice president. At the Fox News Channel, Brit Hume was an anchor and the Washington DC division's managing editor.
Chocolate Hills

The **Chocolate Hills ** are a geological formation in Bohol Province, Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills (and maybe more) spread over an area of more than . They are covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate) during the dry season, hence the name.

The Chocolate Hills a famous tourist attraction of the state Bohol. They are on the provincial flag and seal as natural attractions of the province. They are in the Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the Philippines. They have been declared the country's third National Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Chocolate Hills are conical karst hills similar to those seen in the limestone regions of Slovenia, Croatia, northern Puerto Rico, Enugu and Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. They probably started as corals growing in a warm, shallow sea about two million years ago. The hills consist of sandy to rubbly marine limestones. These limestones contain abundant fossils of foraminifera, coral, molluscs, and algae. These conical hills were created by limestone dissolving in rainfall and groundwater. There was erosion by rivers and streams after they were lifted above sea level. The hills are separated by flat plains and have numerous caves and springs. The Chocolate Hills are a remarkable example of conical karst topography.
Bill Kristol

**William Kristol** (born December 23, 1952) is an American political analyst and commentator. He was the editor and publisher of the political magazine _The Weekly Standard_ until it closed. Kristol was a Fox News political analyst until friction with Fox News Chief Executive Officer Roger Ailes caused him to switch to the news division of ABC, where he is a political analyst.

## Personal life

Since 1975, he has been married to Susan Scheinberg. They met while they were both graduate students at Harvard. Scheinberg is a Ph.D. in classics. They have three children. Their daughter Anne is married to writer Matthew Continetti. Continetti is editor-in-chief of The Washington Free Beacon. Their son Joseph served in the U.S. Marine Corps in Afghanistan and worked for the management consulting company McKinsey & Company. He started working as legislative director for Senator Tom Cotton in 2018. Kristol lives in Northern Virginia.

His father was neoconservative icon Irving Kristol and his mother was political historian Gertrude Himmelfarb.
Richie Pratt

**Richie Pratt** (March 11, 1943 – February 12, 2015, born **Richard Dean Tyree**) was an American jazz drummer. He began his career as a professional musician on the New York scene in the early 1970s. He was born in Olathe, Kansas.

Pratt died in Leavenworth, Kansas, aged 71.
R. R. Patil

**Raosaheb Ramrao Patil**, better known as **R. R. Patil** () (16 August 1957 – 16 February 2015), was an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra. He was a leader of the Nationalist Congress Party. He became Home Minister of Maharashtra. He was also the former Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra. He won assembly election from Tasgaon Constituency.
Uri Orbach

**Uri Shraga Orbach**, Hebrew: אורי שרגא אורבך , (28 March 1960 – 16 February 2015) was an Israeli Religious Zionist writer, journalist and politician. He served as a Member of Knesset for The Jewish Home party and as Pensioner Affairs Minister.

Orbach was born in Petah Tikva and died of blood disease in Jerusalem, aged 54.

## Other websites

- Bio at the Knesset Website
Haron Amin

**Haron Amin** (Dari: هارون امین‎; June 19, 1969 – February 15, 2015) was the Afghan ambassador to Japan and non-resident ambassador to Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore from 2004 to 2009. Amin was born in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Amin died of cancer at a U.S. hospital, aged 47.
John Davies (historian)

**John Davies** (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was  a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He worked for the BBC during his entire career.

Davies died at the age of 76.

## Books

- _Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute, (Writers of Wales)_, University of Wales Press, January 1980,
- _A History of Wales_, Penguin, 1994,  (Revised edition 2007, )
- _Broadcasting and the BBC in Wales_, University of Wales Press, 1994,
- _The Making of Wales_, The History Press, 2nd edition printing: Oct 1, 2009,
- _The Celts_, Cassell & Co, 2000
- _The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales_, University of Wales Press, April 17, 2008,
- _Wales: 100 Places to See Before You Die_ (with Marian Delyth), Y Lolfa, 2010,

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: John Davies (historian).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **name**: John Davies
- **birth date**: 25 April 1938
- **birth place**: Treorchy, Wales
- **death date**: 16 February 2015 (aged 76)
- **education**: Cardiff University, University College, Cardiff
Trinity College, Cambridge.
- **occupation**: Historian
Walter Keane

**Walter Stanley Keane** (October 7, 1915 – December 27, 2000) was an American painter and plagiarist. He became famous in the 1950s for claiming he had painted a series of widely-reproduced paintings depicting vulnerable waifs with enormous eyes. The paintings were in fact painted by his wife Margaret Keane.
Margaret Keane

**Margaret D. H. Keane** (born **Peggy Doris Hawkins**; September 15, 1927 – June 26, 2022) was an American artist. She mainly painted women, children, and animals in oil or mixed media.

Keane's works are recognizable by the big, doll-like eyes of the people she painted.

In the 1960s, her artwork was sold under the name of her husband, Walter Keane, who claimed credit for it. They went to court and Margaret won the case.

Keane died on June 26, 2022 in Napa, California from heart failure, aged 94.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Margaret Keane
- **birth name**: Peggy Doris Hawkins
- **birth place**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Napa, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Artist
- **other names**: Peggy Ulbrich
MDH Keane
Margaret McGuire
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 1
Clinamen

**Clinamen** is the word Lucretius gave to the unpredictable swerve of atoms. He means that these atoms don't just fall down, but because of the swerve collisions happen. Lucretius wrote that without this slight swerve (atoms) would "fall like raindrops and never touch and the world would have never been made". Lucretius was the first to write about Chaos theory.
Pyramidion

A **pyramidion** (plural **pyramidia**) is the very top piece of an Egyptian pyramid. They were called _benbenet_ in the Ancient Egyptian language.  In Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidia were made of diorite, granite, or limestone. These were then covered in gold or electrum. The gold would reflect the rays of the sun. In later times they were made from granite which had royal titles and religious symbols cut into them.

Very few pyramidia still exist. Most of those that have are made of polished black granite, with the name of the pyramid's owner cut into them. There are four pyramidia on show in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They include the pyramidia from the Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur and the Pyramid of Khendjer at Saqqara.

A badly damaged white Tura limestone pyramidion is thought to have been made for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur. It has been rebuilt and put on show at the side of the pyramid. However it does not match, as its angles are steeper than that of the sides of the pyramid.

## Private brick pyramids with pyramidia

During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs had a small brick pyramid built on top of them. These pyramids were topped with a pyramidia. The four sides included texts and scenes about the cult of the Sun god Ra.

The scenes usually show the course of the sun. It is shown rising on one side, and setting on the opposite side, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld, ruled by Osiris.

### Scribe Moses pyramidion

The pyramidion of the scribe Moses was made about 1250 BC from limestone. It is 53 cm tall and shows him making an offering, with his name, on two opposite sides. The other two sides show a baboon which represents the god Thoth.

### Ptahemwia pyramidion

The pyramidion of Ptahemwia was made about 1200 BC, from limestone. It is 28 cm wide and 42 cm tall, and shows sun-related scenes. The Sun god, Ra, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one side. On another side is Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs.

## Related pages

- Washington Monument, which has a solid aluminum pyramidion that serves as a lightning rod.

## Other websites

- Transporting the pyramidion to the top of the Khufu-Pyramid
Movita Castaneda

**Maria "Movita" Castaneda** (April 12, 1916 – February 12, 2015), was an American actress. She was known for being the second wife of actor Marlon Brando. She was known for her roles in _Flying Down to Rio_ (1933) and _Mutiny on the Bounty_.

Castaneda died in Los Angeles, California from complications of a neck injury, aged 98.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Movita Castaneda
- **image**: Movita in Paradise Isle (1937) 1.jpg
- **caption**: Castaneda in _Paradise Isle_
- **birth place**: Nogales, Arizona, Nogales, Arizona, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **birth name**: Maria Casteneda
- **othername**: Movita
- **spouse**: Jack Doyle (1939–44; divorced)
Marlon Brando (1960–62; divorced; 2 children)
- **children**: Miko Brando (b. 1961)
Rebecca Brando Kotlizky (b. 1966)
- **yearsactive**: 1930–89
Frank Lloyd

**Frank Lloyd** (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American movie director, scriptwriter and producer. Lloyd was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and its president between 1934 and 1935.