Judith Rich Harris

**Judith Rich Harris** (February 10, 1938 – December 29, 2018) researched psychology.  She was an independent researcher, and not a university professor.  Her most famous book is _The Nurture Assumption_.  The book asks "Why [do] children turn out the way they do"?  Its answer is that "Parents matter less than you think and peers matter more".

## Education

Harris graduated from Tucson High School and attended the University of Arizona and Brandeis University, from where she graduated magna cum laude in 1959. In 1961 she received a master's degree in psychology from Harvard University.

## The Nurture Assumption

Harris's most famous work is _The Nurture Assumption_.  It was published in 1998.  A revised version was published in 2009.  Children often act like their parents act.  Some psychologists thought this was because of the way that parents raised their children.  Harris argues that (some or all of) this similarity is due to genetics.  Otherwise, parents are not the most important factor in child development.  This book argues that peers are more important.   Harris argues that children are socialized by peers.

### No Two Alike

Harris also wrote _No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality_.  It was published in February 2006. Harris attempts to explain why people are so different in personality, even identical twins who grow up in the same home.

## Opinions of her work

George A. Miller was chair of the Department of Psychology which formally dismissed Harris from the PhD program at Harvard, 1960, on the grounds that her 'originality and independence' did not live up to Harvard's standards.

Later, in 1994, she developed a theory of child development, which focussed on the peer group rather than the family. This formed the basis for a 1995 article in the _Psychological Review_ for which she received the American Psychological Association's George A. Miller Award for an Outstanding Recent Article in General Psychology.

## Death

Harris suffered from a chronic autoimmune disorder, diagnosed as a combination of lupus and multiple sclerosis. She died on December 30, 2018 at the age of 80.

## Books and articles

- Harris, J. R., & Liebert, R. M. (1984,). _The child: development from birth through adolescence._  Prentice Hall,
- Harris, J. R., Shaw, M. L., & Altom, M. J. (1985). Serial position curves for reaction time and accuracy in visual search: Tests of a model of overlapping processing. _Perception & Psychophysics_, **38**, 178-187.
- Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development. _Psychological Review_, **102**, 458-489.
- Harris, J. R. (1998). _The nurture assumption: why children turn out the way they do._  Free Press, .
- Harris, J. R. (2000). Socialization, personality development, and the child's environments.  _Developmental Psychology_, **36**, 699-710.
- Harris, J. R. (2000). Context-specific learning, personality, and birth order. _Current Directions in Psychological Science_, **9**, 174-177.
- Harris, J. R. (2002). Why do people believe that birth order has important effects on personality?  The Nurture Assumption Web Site. Retrieved 2007-08-27
- Harris, J. R. (2006). Parental selection: a third selection process in the evolution of human hairlessness and skin color.  _Medical Hypotheses_, **66**, 1053-1059.
- Harris, J. R. (2006). _No two alike: human nature and human individuality._  W.W. Norton,

## Personal life

She married Charles S. Harris in 1961; they have two daughters (one adopted) and four grandchildren. Harris suffered from an autoimmune disease; she died December 29, 2018.

## Related pages

- Nature versus nurture

## Other websites

- Judith Rich Harris's Web Site
- Blame your peers, not your parents, author says, _APA Monitor_ 29(10), October 1998, p. 9
- The Parent Trap , _Newsweek_ September 7, 1998, pp. 52–59.
- Peer Pressure, _New York Times Book Review_ September 13, 1998, pp. 14–15