juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Blue Öyster Cult

**Blue Öyster Cult** is a psychedelic rock band that formed in Long Island, New York in 1971. They have many well-known songs like _(Don't Fear) The Reaper_, and _Burnin' For You_.

The group's  best known songs are probably: The 1976 single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" from the album Agents of Fortune (featured in the movie Halloween, and in the TV movie The Stand based on Stephen King's novel of the same name, and in the credits of Peter Jackson's 1996 movie The Frighteners) and the 1981 single "Burnin' for You" from the album Fire of Unknown Origin and "Godzilla" (1977).

### Current members

The current members of the band are:
- Eric Bloom (1971-present) - lead vocals, guitar
- Buck Dharma (1971-present) - lead guitar, vocals
- Richie Castellano (2004-present) - bass, vocals
- Jules Rodino (2004-present) - drums
- Rudy Sarzo (2008present)  Bass guitar

### Original members

The original lineup of the band was:
- Eric Bloom - lead vocals, stun guitar
- Buck Dharma  - lead guitar, vocals
- Allen Lanier  - keyboards, guitar
- Joe Bouchard - bass, vocals
- Albert Bouchard - drums, vocals

### Former Members

The former members of the band are as follows:

#### Bass

- Joe Bouchard (1971-1986)
- Jon Rogers (1987-1995)
- Greg Smith (1995)
- Danny Miranda (1995-2004)

#### Drums

- Albert Bouchard (1971-1981, Feb 1985 - Californian tour)
- Rick Downey (1981-1984)
- Thommy Price (1985)
- Jimmy Wilcox (1985-1987)
- Ron Riddle (1987-1991)
- Chuck Burgi (1991-1992, 1992-1995, 1996-1997)
- John Miceli (1992, 1995 and some dates in 2003)
- John O'Reilly (1995-1996)
- Bobby Rondinelli (1997-2004)

#### Keyboards

- Tommy Zvonchek (1985-1987)
- Kasim Sultan (1998) - also guitar (filled in for Lanier during illness)
- Al Pitrelli (1999) - also guitar (filled in for Lanier during illness)
- Allen Lanier  also guitar.

## Discography

- 1972 _Blue Öyster Cult_
- 1973 _Tyranny and Mutation_
- 1974 _Secret Treaties_
- 1976 _Agents of Fortune_
- 1977 _Spectres_
- 1979 _Mirrors_
- 1980 _Cultösaurus Erectus_
- 1981 _Fire of Unknown Origin_
- 1983 _The Revölution by Night_
- 1985 _Club Ninja_
- 1988 _Imaginos_
- 1994 _Cult Classic_
- 1998 _Heaven Forbid_
- 2001 _Curse of the Hidden Mirror_
- 2020 _The Symbol Remains_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Blue Öyster Cult
- **img**: Blue Öyster Cult 2012 Edmonton 223b.JPG
- **img capt**: Blue Öyster Cult in Edmonton in 2012
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Long Island, New York (state), New York, United States
- **genre**: Hard rock, psychedelic rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **years active**: 1971–present
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia, CMC International, CMC
- **url**: [http://www.blueoystercult.com/ www.blueoystercult.com]
- **current members**: Buck Dharma, Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser
Eric Bloom
Jules Radino
Richie Castellano
Rudy Sarzo
- **past members**: See: #Timeline, Former members
Steppenwolf

**Steppenwolf** was a Canadian-American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1967. The band has sold more than 25 million units worldwide, releasing 8 gold albums and 13 Hot 100 singles, including three top-10 hits in "Born to Be Wild", '"Magic Carpet Ride", and "Rock Me".

## Popular culture

- "Born to Be Wild", which has been long associated with motorcycles, has appeared in numerous movies including Easy Rider.
- "Magic Carpet Ride" appears in numerous movie soundtracks, including _Star Trek: First Contact_, _Team America: World Police_, _Apollo 13_, _Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back_, _Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me_, and _Sahara_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Steppenwolf
- **img**: Steppenwolf (1970).png
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Los Angeles, California, United States
- **genre**: Blues rock, psychedelic rock, hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal, traditional heavy metal, acid rock, garage rock, punk rock
- **years active**: 19671972, 19742018
- **label**: ABC Dunhill Records, ABC Dunhill, Mums Records, Mums, Epic Records, Epic, MCA Records, MCA
- **associated acts**: The Mynah Birds, The Sparrows, T.I.M.E., World Classic Rockers
- **current members**: John Kay (musician), John Kay
Michael Wilk
Gary Link
Ron Hurst
Danny Johnson
- **past members**: See List of Steppenwolf band members
Creedence Clearwater Revival

**Creedence Clearwater Revival** (often made shorter as **CCR** or **Creedence**) was an American rock band from California, United States. They were popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s.  The band has sold 26 million albums in the United States alone.  CCR was inducted into (became part of) the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.

Many people thought they were from the Southeastern United States because the group's music sounded like the country, folk, and blues music of that place.  They liked to sing about bayous, the Mississippi River, catfish, and other things people in the south liked.  They also used instruments and styles that were common in the southeast.

For many people, CCR was the soundtrack of their youth. The documentary "Travelin' Band: Creedence Clearwater Revival at the Royal Albert Hall" shows CCR was famous worldwide..  In 1969, they made three albums that made the top fifteen. _Cosmos Factory_ (1970) sold as many or more albums as the Beatles‘ _Let It Be_ and Led Zeppelin‘s _III_.   Their guitar playing and John Fogerty's voice made any CCR song instantly recognizable.

The members of the group were John Fogerty (born 1945), his brother Tom Fogerty (1941-1990), Doug Clifford (born 1945), and Stu Cook (born 1945).

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Creedence Clearwater Revival_ (1968)
- _Bayou Country_ (1969)
- _Green River_ (1969)
- _Willy and the Poor Boys_ (1969)
- _Cosmo's Factory_ (1970)
- _Pendulum_ (1970)
- _Mardi Gras_ (1972)

## Other websites

- Creedence-Online
- Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Ed Sullivan Show
- Creedence Clearwater Revival at WorldMusicDatabase

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Creedence Clearwater Revival
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Creedence Clearwater Revival 1968.jpg
- **image size**: 275px
- **caption**: Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1968
L-R: Tom Fogerty, Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, John Fogerty
- **associated acts**: The Blue Velvets
The Golliwogs
- **years active**: 1967–1972
- **origin**: El Cerrito, California
- **label**: Fantasy Records, Fantasy
- **past members**: John Fogerty
Tom Fogerty
Stu Cook
Doug Clifford
- **url**: [http://www.creedence-online.net/ creedence-online.net]
Three Dog Night

**Three Dog Night** is an American rock band. They were popular from the late 1960s and early 1970s. They had 21 hit singles and 12 gold albums between 1969 and 1975.

## Songs

- _An Old-Fashioned Love Song_ (written by Paul Williams)
- _Joy to the World_ (written by Hoyt Axton)
- _Mama Told Me (Not To Come)_ (by Randy Newman)
- _Eli's Comin' _ (by Laura Nyro)
- _One (Is The Loneliest Number)_ (by Harry Nilsson).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Three Dog Night
- **img**: Threedognight2007.JPG
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, pop rock, blue-eyed soul
- **years active**: 1968–1976
1981–present
- **label**: Dunhill Records, Dunhill, MGM Records, MGM, MCA Records, MCA, Epic Records, Epic, Columbia Records, Columbia
- **associated acts**: Redwood, The Enemys, Cory Wells Blues Band, SS Fools
- **current members**: Danny Hutton
Michael Allsup
Paul Kingery
Pat Bautz
- **past members**: Joe Schermie
Chuck Negron
Floyd Sneed
 Mike Keeley
Jack Ryland
Skip Konte
Mickey McMeel
Al Ciner
Dennis Belfield
Cory Wells
Jimmy Greenspoon
Grand Funk Railroad

**Grand Funk Railroad** were an American rock group from Flint, Michigan. They were popular in the early and mid 1970s.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Grand Funk Railroad
- **img**: MelBruceGFR2002.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Grand Funk
- **origin**: Flint, Michigan, United States
- **genre**: Hard rock, boogie rock, blues rock
- **years active**: 1969–1976, 1981–1983,
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol, MCA Records, MCA, Warner Bros. Records, Full Moon
- **current members**: Don Brewer
Mel Schacher
Max Carl
Bruce Kulick
Tim Cashion, Timothy "Tim" Cashion
- **past members**: Mark Farner
Craig Frost
Dennis Bellinger
Howard Eddy, Jr.
The Sweet

**The Sweet** (also known as **Sweet**) are a British glam rock band. The group is famous for the songs such as "Ballroom Blitz", "Little Willy", "Fox on the Run" and "Love is Like Oxygen". The group was originally called **Sweetshop**.

## Studio albums

- Funny How Sweet Co-Co Can Be (1971)
- Sweet Fanny Adams (1974)
- Desolation Boulevard (1974)
- Give Us a Wink (1976)
- Off the Record (1977)
- Level Headed (1978)
- Cut Above the Rest (1979)
- Waters Edge (1980)
- Identity Crisis (1982)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sweet
- **img**: Sweet konzert.jpg
- **img size**: 300px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: The Sweet
- **origin**: United Kingdom
- **genre**: Glam rock, bubblegum pop (early)
Hard rock, Heavy metal music, heavy metal (later)
- **years active**: 19681982
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA, Polydor
- **past members**: Mick Tucker
Steve Priest
Brian Connolly
Frank Torpey
Mick Stewart
Andy Scott (guitarist), Andy Scott
Duane Eddy

**Duane Eddy** (April 26, 1938 – April 30, 2024) was a Grammy Award-winning American rock guitarist. Many people enjoyed his music and tried to play the same way as he did. He is best known for the music that he played without singing words. He was probably best known for his hit song Rebel Rouser (1958). Released in 1960, Eddy was the first rock and roller to have a signature model guitar.

Eddy died of cancer in Franklin, Tennessee, on April 30, 2024, four days after his 86th birthday.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Duane Eddy
- **img**: Duane Eddy 1960.JPG
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Corning (city), New York, Corning, New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Franklin, Tennessee, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock and roll
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **occupation**: Musician, actor
- **years active**: 1954–2024
Violent Femmes

**Violent Femmes** is a rock group. They formed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA in 1980.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Violent Femmes
- **img**: Violent Femmes 8221.jpg
- **img capt**: Violent Femmes, 2006
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: Alternative rock, post-punk,
- **years active**: 1980–1987, 1988–2009
- **label**: Slash Records, Slash, Reprise Records, Reprise, Elektra Records, Elektra, Mushroom Records, Mushroom, Beyond (record label), Beyond, Def Jam
Dinah Shore

**Dinah Shore** (born **Frances Rose Shore**, March 1, 1916 - February 24, 1994) was an American singer and host of her own talk show.
Bryan Adams

**Bryan Guy Adams**  (born November 5, 1959) is a British-Canadian rock musician. He is known for the songs _Summer of '69_ and _(Everything I Do) I Do It For You_.  He has performed with many other musical artists such as Def Leppard, Tina Turner, Sting, Rod Stewart, Bonnie Raitt, Barbra Streisand and Melanie C. His best-selling albums are Reckless, Waking Up the Neighbours and 18 til I Die.

## Discography

|width=8%|Release year|width=26%|Album|width=8%|CAN chart|width=8%|UK chart|width=8%|US chart|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1980|_Bryan Adams_|75|—|—||||||
|1981|_You Want It You Got It_|50|78|118||||||
|1983|_Cuts Like a Knife_|8|21|8||||||
|1984|_Reckless_|1|7|1||||||
|1986|_Into the Fire_|2|10|7||||||
|1991|_Waking Up the Neighbours_|1|1|6||||||
|1996|_18 til I Die_|2|1|31||||||
|1998|_On a Day Like Today_|3|11|103||||||
|2004|_Room Service_|2|4|134||||||
|2008|_11_|1|6|80||||||
|2014|_Tracks of My Years_|||||||||
|2015|_Get Up_|||||||||
|2019|_Shine a Light_|||||||||
|2022|_Pretty Woman - The Musical_|||||||||
|2022|_So Happy It Hurts_|||||||||
|2022|_Classic_|||||||||
|2025|_Roll with the Punches_|||||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bryan Adams
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Canada, OC, Order of British Columbia, OBC
- **img**: Bryan_Adams_Hamburg_MG_0631_flickr.jpg
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Bryan Guy Adams
- **birth place**: Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, Keyboard instrument, keyboards, piano, harmonica
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, musician, photographer
- **years active**: 1975 – present
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M, Universal Music
- **associated acts**: Sweeney Todd (band), Sweeney Todd, Tina Turner, Roger Waters, Sting, Rod Stewart, Bonnie Raitt, Melanie C
- **url**: [http://www.bryanadams.com BryanAdams.com]
Roy Orbison

**Roy Kelton Orbison** (April 23, 1936 - December 6, 1988) was an American singer. In 1987, he was named into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Orbison was popular in the 1960s. He became less popular in the 1970s, but began to make a career comeback in the 1980s. However, as he was becoming more popular again, he died of a heart attack at the age of 52 in Henderson, Tennessee.

## Discography

- Singles

- "Pretty Paper" (1963)

- Studio albums
- _Lonely and Blue_ (1960)
- _King of Hearts_ (1992)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Roy Orbison
- **image**: Roy Orbison (1965).jpg
- **caption**: Orbison in 1965
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **landscape**: no
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Roy Kelton Orbison
- **birth place**: Vernon, Texas, Vernon, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Hendersonville, Tennessee, Hendersonville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **years active**: 1953–1988
Taylor Dayne

**Taylor Dayne** (born as **Leslie Wunderman** on March 7, 1962) is an American singer. She is best known for her song, "Tell It to My Heart".
Stephen Stills

**Stephen Arthur Stills** (born January 3, 1945) is an American singer and songwriter. He is most famous as a member of the groups Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills & Nash. In 2003, _Rolling Stone_ listed him at #28 on a list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Stephen Stills
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: File:Stephen Stills -- The Rides, Jun 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Stills performing with the Rides, Berkeley, California, June 2016
- **birth name**: Stephen Arthur Stills
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, US
- **years active**: 1962–present
- **website**: [http://stephenstills.com/ Official website]
Paul & Paula

**Paul & Paula** (**Ray Hildebrand**, born December 21, 1940, and **Jill Jackson**, born May 20, 1942) are a pop/rock singing duo. They charted three _Billboard_ Top 40 singles in 1963.
Seafood

**Seafood** is food made from fish or other sea animals such as shrimp and lobsters. The harvesting (collecting) of seafood is called fishing.

Seafood is rich in protein and is usually thought as healthy food.

## Related pages

- Aquaculture
Peer review

**Peer review** is a process used when publishing documents where the work is reviewed by the author's peer group (someone in their field). It is a way of checking and reviewing a person's work. It is often used by scientists, scholars, medical professionals, engineers, and in some aspects of government.

For example, scientists report new discoveries through a peer review process. This means that they ask other knowledgeable scientists (peers) to review their report, and check for any problems. The problems must be fixed before the report is released to other scientists. This process helps to maintain the trustworthiness of scientific discoveries.

## Related pages

- arXiv - This is a website that stores scientific papers before peer review approval
Pilgrimage

A **pilgrimage** is when people travel to a place of worship that is usually far away. They may have to go to a different city or country. Usually a pilgrimage is done for spiritual or religious reasons. The purpose of Christian pilgrimage was summarized by Pope Benedict XVI this way:

There are also non-religious pilgrimages; they include for example:
- Seeing the Mausoleum of Vladimir Lenin on the Red Square in Moscow, or
- Visiting the birthplace of Elvis Presley.

## Related pages

- Holy Land
- World Youth Day
- GoTo Haram
Watermelon

A **watermelon** (_Citrullus lanatus_) is Latin for a plant which was first domesticated in Africa. It is a cultivated edible fruit. It is grown worldwide, there are more than 1000 varieties.

About 6% of a watermelon is sugar, which gives it a sweet taste. There are many different types of watermelon. Some have a green rind on the outside and a red-pink flesh on the inside, with brown seeds. Some can have yellow flesh, and some can be seedless.  The green rind on the outside is not usually eaten, though it can be used as a vegetable. It can also be stewed or pickled. Most watermelons are oblong or spherical. In Japan, watermelons are grown in different shapes, such as hearts and squares. Watermelon

## Health

Watermelons are a great source of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6.  They also contain potassium, magnesium, carotenoid antioxidant, and lycopene. The watermelon flesh is healthy to eat.
Monrovia

**Monrovia** (; ) is the capital of Liberia. It is Liberia's most populous city with a population of 1,010,970. The city is named after 5th U.S. President James Monroe.

Monrovia was founded in 1822 by the American Colonization Society. They wanted free slaves to have their own home back in Africa.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Monrovia
- **official name**: Monrovia
- **settlement type**: Capital city
- **image skyline**: Liberia, Africa - panoramio (256).jpg
- **imagesize**: 290px
- **image caption**: Monrovia skyline
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Liberia, West Africa
- **pushpin mapsize**: 290px
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Liberia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Montserrado County, Montserrado
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Liberia, District
- **subdivision name2**: Greater Monrovia District, Greater Monrovia
- **government type**: Local Government of Monrovia
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jefferson T. Koijee
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: April 25, 1822
- **named for**: James Monroe - President of the United States, U.S. President
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 194.25
- **population as of**: 2008 Census
- **population metro**: 1,010,970
- **timezone**: GMT
- **utc offset**: +0
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical monsoon climate, Am
Paul Anka

**Paul Albert Anka**  (born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian-American singer and songwriter. He is best known for such songs as _Diana_ (1957) and _Lonely Boy_ (1959).

Anka was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2005.

## Personal life

Anka was born in Ottawa, Ontario to Camelia and Andrew Emile "Andy" Anka, Sr. They owned a restaurant named the Locanda. His parents were both Antiochian Orthodox Christians in Syria. Anka's mother was Canadian-Lebanese "from a small town of, in Syria " and Anka's father was Syrian.

Anka grew up singing in the St. Elias Antiochian Orthodox Church choir.  He went to Fisher Park High School where he was part of a vocal trio called the _Bobby Soxers_.

He became an American citizen in 1990. He is married to Polish-born Anna Anka.

## Other websites

- Official Site
- CBC Archives

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paul Anka
- **image**: Paul Anka 1995.jpg
- **caption**: Anka in 1995
- **birth name**: Paul Albert Anka
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- **nationality**: Canadian
 Syrian
 American
- **years active**: 1955–present
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 6
Cookbook

A **cookbook**, or **cookery book**, is kind of book that tells people how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions called a recipe. Most cookbooks also have tips on how to eat and present the food as well. They usually list the ingredients needed, time needed to cook, and the instruction<nowiki/>s. They may give other tips too.
Conagra Brands

**Conagra Brands, Inc.** is a food packing company that packs food for supermarkets, restaurants, and other businesses. It is located in North America.

## Other websites

- ConAgra Foods, Inc.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Conagra Brands, Inc.
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **traded as**:
S&P 500, S&P 500 Component
- **foundation**: 1919 as Nebraska Consolidated Mills
1971 as ConAgra Foods
2017 as Conagra Brands
- **location**: Omaha, Nebraska, United States, U.S.
- **key people**: Gary Rodkin, Gary M. Rodkin
 President & CEO
- **num employees**: 26,100 (2012)
- **industry**: Food processing
- **products**: Packaged foods
- **revenue**: US$13.3 Billion (2012)
- **homepage**: [http://www.conagrabrands.com/ www.conagrabrands.com]
Odia Coates

**Odia Coates** (November 13, 1941 – May 19, 1991) was an American singer. She is best remembered for her duet with Paul Anka, "(You're) Having My Baby" from 1974.  The song was #1 on the _Billboard_ Top 100 chart for three weeks in 1974.
Amy Grant

**Amy Lee Grant** (November 25, 1960) is an American singer and songwriter. She is known for her Contemporary Christian music, as well as pop music hits. Grant is the best-selling contemporary Christian music singer ever. She released her first album in 1977 at the age of 16.

## Early life

Grant was born in Augusta, Georgia.

## Other websites

- Amy Grant official website
Dalida

**Dalida** (real name: **Iolanda Cristina Gigliotti**) (January 17, 1933 - May 3, 1987) was an Egyptian-born Italian/French biggest international singing icon and actress. She was born in Cairo to an Italian family. She had Italian citizenship all her life. From 1961, she also had French citizenship. She died in 1987 by suicide.
The Bangles

**The Bangles** are an all-female American rock band. The band started in Los Angeles, California in 1981. The Bangles are best known for their hit (popular) songs "Walk Like an Egyptian" (which featured a dance where a person walks by bending the left hand forward and the right hand backward), and "Manic Monday".

## Albums

- All Over the Place (1984)
- Different Light (1986)
- Everything (1988)
- Doll Revolution (2003)
- Sweetheart of the Sun (2011)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Bangles
- **img**: Bangles.jpg
- **img capt**: Debbi, Viki and Sue - 2008
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: The Supersonic Bangs, The Bangs
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Pop music, Pop
- **years active**: 1981–1989
1999–present
- **label**: I.R.S. Records, I.R.S., Columbia Records, Columbia, Koch Records, Koch
- **url**: [http://www.thebangles.com The Bangles.com]
- **current members**: Susanna Hoffs
Debbi Peterson
Vicki Peterson
- **past members**: Annette Zilinskas
Michael Steele (musician), Michael Steele
Britcom

"**Britcom**" is short for "British sitcom". It is a situation comedy show produced in the United Kingdom. This is what they are called especially in the United States and Australia, where they have cult followings. Some of them like _Till Death Do Us Part_ and _Steptoe and Son_ were remade as American comedy TV shows (_All in the Family_ and _Sanford and Son_).

## Some famous Britcoms

- _Dad's Army_
- _Dinnerladies_
- _Fawlty Towers_
- _The Good Life_
- _Last of the Summer Wine_
- _Mr. Bean_
- _Only Fools and Horses_
Millimetre

The **millimetre** is a metric unit of length. The symbol for the millimetre is **mm**. There are 1,000 millimetres in a metre.
Kris Kristofferson

**Kristoffer "Kris" Kristofferson** (June 22, 1936 – September 28, 2024) was an American actor, musician, and writer. He is known for writing country songs for other people or singing them himself. He is also a well-known actor and appeared in films like _Star is Born_, _Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia_, _Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore_, _Blade_, _He's Just Not That Into You_, and _Planet of the Apes_.

He is the author of a number of country standards, such as "Me and Bobbie McGee" and "Sunday Morning Coming Down". He was born in Brownsville, Texas and was raised in San Mateo, California. He studied at Pomona College and Merton College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.

He began playing music in 1959, however his career began in Nashville, Tennessee in 1965 after coming back from military service.

Kristofferson was married to Frances Beer from 1960 until they divorced in 1969. He later married singer Rita Coolidge in 1973 and they divorced in 1980. In 1983, he married Lisa Meyers. Kristofferson has eight children.

In January 2021, it was confirmed that Kristofferson had retired from performing and acting.

In 1976, he won a Golden Globe Award for acting and in 2014 he was honored with a Lifetime Grammy Award. In 2004, he was honored into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.

Kristofferson died in Maui, Hawaii on September 28, 2024 at the age of 88.
Mathematical constant

A **mathematical constant** is a number, which has a special meaning for calculations. For example, the constant π (pronounced "pie") means the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. This value is always the same for any circle. A mathematical constant is often a real, non-integral number of interest.

In contrast to physical constants, mathematical constants do not come from physical measurements.
Leaning Tower of Pisa

The **Leaning Tower of Pisa** is a building in Pisa, Italy. It is a bell tower. It is famous for its nearly four-degree lean. In 1990 the tower was leaning at 5.5 degrees and increasing. After that, much restoration work has been done to stop it from falling over completely. There was scaffolding all around the tower for 20 years. On 26 April 2011, the last bit of scaffolding was removed so that the tower can be seen properly again. The Leaning Tower of Pisa has survived four earthquakes since 1080. In the 1990s the tower was closed to the public lest further damage cause it to collapse with people inside.

The height of the tower is about  from the ground. Its weight is about 14,500 tons. The tower has 294 steps.

## History

The tower construction began in 1173. When the second floor was built in 1178, the tower started to lean. This was because it had a small three-meter foundation in soft soil. The design of this tower was bad from the beginning. Construction was stopped for almost 100 years because the people of Pisa were often at war with Genoa, Lucca and Florence.

There is an old story that Galileo Galilei used the Tower for a physics experiment.

## Related pages

- Pisa

## Infobox (religious building)

- **building name**: Leaning Tower of Pisa
- **image**: Leaning Tower of Pisa (April 2012).jpg
- **religious affiliation**: Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic
- **province**: Province of Pisa, Pisa
- **district**: Tuscany
- **status**: Open
- **website**: http://www.opapisa.it/en/home-page.html
- **architect**: Bonanno Pisano
- **groundbreaking**: 1173
- **year completed**: 1372
- **materials**: Marble, stone
Tower

A **tower** is a tall structure. Towers are different from buildings because people do not live in them. Many castles have towers. Today, towers are very tall. Some things they are used for are to send radio signals, for observation, or to hold up bridges.
Monotheism

**Monotheism** is the belief in only one god, rather than the two (dualism) or more (polytheism) as in Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient India and Ancient Egypt.

Many religions are monotheistic, such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i Faith, Sikhism, Eckankar, Zoroastrianism, Cao Dai and Tenrikyo. Some pagan and neo-pagan religions are also monotheistic.

Deism is the belief that a higher being like god exists but not many gods, revelation, religions, rituals, sacred books (like the Bible or Quran), prophets (like Jesus or Muhammad), etc.

Judaism and Zoroastrianism are thought to be the oldest living monotheistic religions.

## Other websites

- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Polytheism

**Polytheism** means believing in many gods. A person that believes in polytheism is called a **polytheist**. A religion with polytheism can be called a **polytheistic religion**.

Polytheism is well documented in historical religions of classical antiquity, especially those of Ancient Greeks and Ancient Rome. Other ancient peoples who were polytheists were Germanics, Turkic peoples, Ancient Egyptians, Celts, and the Norse.

There are various polytheistic religions that are practiced today such as Sanamahism (Meitei paganism), Tengrism, Shinto, Chinese folk religion, Wicca, Druidism, Taoism, Asatru and Candomblé.

Polytheistic religions usually include a set of stories about the gods, which is called mythology.

The opposite of polytheism is monotheism, which is the belief in only one god and is practiced by Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, etc.
Nelvana

**Nelvana Limited** (; often called **Nelvana International** or simply **Nelvana**) is a Canadian animation studio. Founded in July 30, 1971 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada by Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert, and Clive A. Smith. The company is now owned by Corus Entertainment. It is named after a local comic book superheroine of the 1940s.

It specializes mainly in the field of child-friendly television series and movies.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Nelvana Limited
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **predecessor**: Laff Arts
- **hq location city**: Toronto, Ontario
- **hq location country**: Canada
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **products**: Consisting mainly of children's animation; see also list of Nelvana programs
- **revenue**: Canadian dollar, C$600 million (2001)
- **num employees**: 200+ (2021)
- **parent**: Corus Entertainment (2000–present)
Chicken

**Chicken** is a hen which refers to a species of poultry. It is raised in many places for its meat and eggs. They are usually kept by humans as livestock. Some breeds of chickens can fly for a short distance. Some sleep in trees (if there are trees around).

A male chicken is called a cock or a rooster. A female chicken is called a hen. A young chicken is called a chick. Like other female birds, hens lay eggs. Chicks hatch out of the eggs.

When raising chickens, a farmer needs a chicken coop (like a little house) for the chickens to roost (sleep) in. They also need a run or yard where they can exercise, take dust baths, eat and drink. The chickens also need to be protected from predators such as foxes, coyotes, and hawks too. Fences are often used for this.

Chickens are also agriculturally farmed intensively. This lets chicken farms make a lot of chicken meats and chicken eggs.

## Eggs

Chickens are well known for their eggs. Many people eat them for their breakfast. The eggs can be prepared in many different ways, such as boiling them, frying them, etc.

## Meat

Because of their low cost, chicken meat (also called "chicken") is one of the most used kinds of meat in the world. Americans eat 8 billion chickens every year. Some popular dishes with chicken are: Buffalo wings, butter chicken, chicken rice, chicken nuggets, chicken pot pie, chicken soup, fried chicken (see picture), roasted chicken, tandoori chicken.

### Cuts

There are different cuts of chicken. Chicken meat can also be bought whole. The leanest part is known as the breast. Sliced pieces of the breast are known as the tenderloin. There are also wings, thighs, and legs (also known as drumsticks).

## Chickens and chickenpox

Chickenpox has nothing to do with chickens. When chickenpox was first described, people thought that the pox spots looked like chickpeas placed upon the skin. The Latin word for chickpeas is _grana_. That is the original word that chickenpox got its name from.

## Gaming

In some parts of the world, people breed chickens to fight. They bet money on which of the  two birds will win. In many places, this is illegal.

Wario has a pet hen in the Game Boy Color game _Wario Land II_. Besides the eyelashes, she does not have much difference from real-life hens.
Voice of America

The **Voice of America** (VOA) is the official broadcasting service of the United States government. It is one of the best-known stations in international broadcasting. Along with English, VOA broadcasts in many other languages. VOA's broadcasts are made to share a positive view of the United States with the world. Americans in the United States are not part of VOA's intended audience, but many Americans do listen to the program.

## History

VOA was organized in 1942 under the Office of War Information with news programs aimed at Europe and North Africa occupied by Germany. VOA began broadcasting on February 24, 1942, but VOA noted in its site that it began broadcasting on February 1, 1942. Transmitters used by VOA came from shortwave transmitters used by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) and National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Voice of America began to transmit radio broadcasts into the Soviet Union on February 17, 1947.

During the Cold War, VOA's budget was reduced. On August 1, 1953, VOA was separated from the Department of State and it was included under the Information Agency. VOA moved its headquarters from New York to Washington, DC. next year. In 1959 VOA started "Special English" programs. In the 1980s, VOA also added a television service, as well as special regional programs to Cuba, Radio Marti and TV Marti.

One of VOA's famous programs was remembered as "Jazz Hour" presented by Willis Conover. This program continued for 40 years, and its record remains at the National Museum of American History, also known as "Smithsonian".

## Languages

The Voice of America broadcasts in 46 different languages. Television broadcasts are marked with a star:

## Related pages

- Special English

## Other websites

- Voice of America website

## Infobox (network)

- **network name**: Voice of America
- **logo**: Voice of America Logo.svg
- **network type**: International public broadcaster
- **country**: United States <small>(_for people outside the United States_)</small>
- **owner**: Federal government of the United States, United States federal government
- **website**: [http://www.voa.gov/ www.voa.gov]
464 BC

**464 BC** is a year in the pre-Julian Roman calendar. It was at the time known as year 290.

## Events

- A very large earthquake happened in Sparta killing many people.
Diphthong

A **diphthong** (pronounced "DIF-thong" or "DIP-thong") is a vowel where the speaker has to move their mouth into two different positions to make. It is a vowel where two different vowel qualities can be heard. Examples are:
waist, die, noise, road, house, fierce, bear, sure. Each of these is a different vowel sound.

A **monophthong** is a simple vowel sound that a person does not have to move his or her mouth to make, like the "oo" sound in "book." In a diphthong, the person combines two different monophthongs, as with the "oi" sound in the word "oil". The speaker starts with the mouth in the position to make an "o" sound, then quickly moves the mouth to make a hard "e" sound. Another example is the "ou" sound in the word "house". The mouth starts out making a sound like the soft "a" sound in "flat", then moves to make the hard "oo" sound like the one in "caboose".

Just like with every other part of language, the exact way to pronounce a diphthong is a little different for different accents.

The word **diphthong** is derived from the old Greek language. Here, _di_ means _two_ or _double_, while the part _-phthong_ means _sound_ or _tone_, from the basic word _phthalein_, which means _speak_, _creating sound by the voice_.

A **diphthong** can be a lexeme of a language and as such it may be one syllable, but rarely.
The Price is Right

***The Price is Right*** is an American television game show on CBS. The current version started in 1956, and was hosted by Bob Barker for a long time. However, in 2006, Bob Barker announced that he would retire from the show. His last episode aired in June 2007. Comedian Drew Carey is now the host; his first episode aired in October 2007.

In this game, a person uses his shopping skills to correctly guess the price of different products, like in a supermarket. Some products are simple household items, like toothpaste and vitamins. Other items are more expensive products, like furniture, milk,  boats and cars. Most of the games uses casino-type play such as dice or cards. After the third and sixth games, the "Showcase Showdown" is played. The three players who got on stage in both halves of the show spin a colorful wheel. The wheel itself is based on a Big Six wheel. They get two spins of the wheel. They have to be closest to $1.00 without going over. The person with the highest total moves on to the Showcase at the end of the show. If a player gets $1.00, they win $1,000 and get another spin. If they hit the $1.00 pocket space on that spin, they win another $25,000. If they hit the green-colored 5¢ or 15¢  wedge space, they win another $10,000. In the Showcase, the winners of the two Showcase Showdown games are shown prize packages. They make a bid on them, and whoever comes closest to the price of their showcase without going over wins it. If they are $250 or less from the price of their showcase, they win both showcases. If someone's bid was higher than the price of the real price, that person went over, and was disqualified from winning in that round.

From 1956 to 1963, the show aired on NBC and was hosted by Bill Cullen. From 1963 to 1965, the show aired on ABC and was also hosted by Bill Cullen.

Three nighttime syndicated versions of the show aired. The first one aired from 1972 to 1980. Until 1977, it was hosted by Dennis James. For the rest of its run, it was hosted by Bob Barker. From 1985 to 1986, another nighttime version of the show, named _The Nighttime Price Is Right_, was made and was hosted by Tom Kennedy. A third nighttime version, _The New Price Is Right_, was made from 1994 - 1995 and was hosted by Doug Davidson. Also special million dollar prime-time episodes where people could play different versions of games for $1,000,000 were made due to CBS shows being canceled.
Monophthong

A **monophthong** (pronounced "Mono-F-thong") is simply a vowel. The word monophthong comes from the old Greek language. _Mono_ means _one_ or _single_, and the _-phthong_ means _sound_ or _tone_, from the basic word _phthalein_, which means _to speak_, _create sound with the voice_. The word **monophthong** shows that a vowel is spoken with exactly one tone and one mouth position. For example, when you say "teeth", then while you are creating the sound of the "ee", nothing changes for that sound.

A **monophthong** can be a lexeme of a language and as such it can as well be a syllable. There is no shorter syllable than a single **monophthong**.

## Related pages

- Diphthong
Kalua

**Kalua** is a Hawaiian cooking method. The word "kalua" means "to cook in an underground oven" in Hawaiian. The oven is a hole in the ground called an **imu**.

Kalua is most often used to cook pig. **Kalua pig** is a popular food at luaus.

Ancient Hawaiians used rocks from rivers to cook pig. They heated the rocks in the imu and the pig cooked with steam. They covered the pig with banana leaves, ti leaves, old mats and then dirt to keep the heat inside. This produced a unique taste that cannot be reproduced.

People today use kalua to cook pig in the same way that ancient Hawaiians did.  Kalua pig is still served at luaus.

## Related pages

- Ancient Hawaii
- Cooking

## Other websites

- Hawaiian Luau: No-Imu Kalua Pig  - Emeril Legasse's recipe for kalua pig.
Ornithology

**Ornithology** is the study of birds. A person who studies birds is called an **ornithologist**.

## Aspects

Several aspects of ornithology differ from other disciplines, because they are easy to see and are often attractive. Many studies of birds have been done by amateur<nowiki/>s working in a scientific manner.

## History

Konrad Gesner wrote his _Vogelbuch_ and _Icones avium omnium_ around 1557. Later, England developed a tradition of ornithology. Francis Willughby, John Ray, Gilbert White, John Gould (who studied the birds of Australia) and Peter Scott are good examples.

## What ornithologists do

Ornithologists typically trap birds for a closer look at them. This does not hurt the bird. Trapping birds can be done with in different ways, depending on the type of bird. For example, mist nets cause birds that fly into them to fall into a small pocket where the ornithologist can come back later and take a closer look.

After the bird has been caught, the ornithologist will usually inspect (take a close look at) the bird. They may also attach a small ring to the bird's leg before releasing the bird. The ring allows ornithologists to study the bird's migration patterns, how long they live, and other information about the bird's species.
Rod Stewart

**Sir Roderick David Stewart**,  (born 10 January 1945) is a British pop singer, known professionally as **Rod Stewart**. He was born in London to an English mother and Scottish father. When he started singing in the 1960s, he was player for Brentford F.C., a football team. He started singing in local R&B groups, in the 1970s he began a solo career which made him very famous.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Rod Stewart
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Rod stewart 05111976 12 400.jpg
- **caption**: Stewart performing in Oslo in November 1976
- **birth name**: Roderick David Stewart
- **alias**: "Rod the Mod"
- **birth place**: Highgate, London, England
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, musician, record producer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1961–present
The Specials

**The Specials** were an English new wave/ska band. They were originally from Coventry, England and formed in 1977. They were part of the ska revival in Britain in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

During the ska revival, bands began playing 1960s-style Jamaican ska music. The Specials often mixed other popular music styles from the 1970s and 1980s into their music, such as punk rock.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Specials
- **img**: The SpecialsBrixton2009.jpg
- **img capt**: The Specials performing at Brixton Academy, London, May 2009 as part of their 30th anniversary tour.
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Coventry, England
- **genre**: 2 Tone, ska, New Wave music, New Wave
- **years active**: 1977–1984, 1996–2001, 2008–present
- **label**: 2 Tone Records, 2 Tone, Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis, Virgin Records, Virgin, Kuff
- **associated acts**: Fun Boy Three, The Spatial AKA Orchestra
- **current members**: Terry Hall (singer), Terry Hall
Neville Staple
Horace Panter
Roddy Radiation, Roddy Byers
Lynval Golding
John Bradbury (drummer), John Bradbury
- **past members**: Jerry Dammers
Silverton Hutchinson
KC and the Sunshine Band

**KC and the Sunshine Band** was a disco group, that was popular in the 1970s. They formed in Miami in 1973.
Hits are "That's the Way (I Like It)", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty", "Give It Up", "Get Down Tonight", and "Please Don't Go".

## Album discography

- _Do It Good_ (1974)
- _KC and the Sunshine Band_ (1975) US #4, UK #26
- _The Sound of Sunshine_ (1975) US #131
- _Part 3_ (1976) US #13
- _Who Do Ya Love_ (1978) US #36
- _Do You Wanna Go Party_ (1979) US #50
- _Space Cadet_ (1981)
- _The Painter_ (1981)
- _All in a Night's Work_ (1982)
- _KC Ten_ (1983) US #93
- _Oh Yeah!_ (1993)
- _I'll Be There For You_ (2001)
- _Yummy_ (2007)

## Other websites

- Official Website (includes lyrics)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: KC and the Sunshine Band
- **image**: KC & The Sunshine Band1.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Miami, United States, U.S.
- **years active**: 1973–1983, 1993–present
- **label**: Rhino Entertainment, Rhino, Epic Records, Mecca Records, TK Records
- **url**: [http://www.kcsbonline.com/ KCS Online]
- **current members**: Harry Wayne Casey, Harry "KC" Wayne Casey (lead vocals)
Maria De Crescenzo (back up vocals)
Charlotte Mc Kinnon (back up vocals)
Fermin Goytisolo (Percussion)
Rusty Hamilton III (Keyboard)
Jody Hill (Drums)
Zeljko "Nick" Marinovic (Keyboard)
Jeffery Reeves (Lead guitar)
Steve Lashley (Bass)
John Reid (trumpet player), John Reid (Trumpet)
Kenny Hamilton (Saxophone)
Rick Benadetto (Trumpet)
Tim Pitchford (Trombone)
Kenetha Morris (Dancer)
Giggi Thesman (Dancer)
- **past members**: Richard Finch (musician), Richard Finch (bass, drums)
Robert Johnson (drummer), Robert Johnson (Drums)
Jerome Smith (guitar)
Mike Lewis (KC), Mike Lewis (tenor sax)
Vinnie Tanno (Trumpet)
Ken Faulk (trumpet)
Whit Sidener (Baritone Sax)
Margret Reynolds (backing vocals)
Beverly Champion (backing vocals)
Jeanette Williams (backing vocals)
Denvil Liptrot (saxophone)
Charles Williams (musician), Charles Williams (trombone)
Ronnie Smith (trumpet)
James Weaver (musician), James Weaver (trumpet))
Paul Lewis(musician), Paul Lewis (Saxophone)
Eugene Timmons(musician), Eugene Timmons (Saxophone)
Roberta Flack

**Roberta Cleopatra Flack** (February 10, 1937 – February 24, 2025) was an American singer. She was born in Black Mountain, North Carolina. She has released nineteen studio albums. She has had three number one singles. "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" was her first number one. It won the 1973 Grammy Record of the Year. In 1974 Flack performed "When I Grow Up" with Michael Jackson. In 1999 a star was put in the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her.

## Early life

Roberta Flack was born in Black Mountain, North Carolina. She was raised in Virginia. Howard University gave her a music scholarship because she was good at playing piano. When she was fifteen she became a student there.

## Career

Flack released her first album _First Take_ in 1969. The album went to number one in the US album chart. It was her most successful album. In 1970 Flack's second album _Chapter Two_ was released. It was less successful. In 1972 _Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway_ was released. In 1973 _Killing Me Softly_ was released. In 1980 Flack's second album with Donny Hathaway was released.

## Health and death

On November 14, 2022, it was announced by a spokesperson that Flack had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and had retired from singing, due to the disease making it "impossible to sing", according to her spokesperson.

Flack died on February 24, 2025 in New York City from cardiac arrest caused by ALS at the age of 88.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Roberta Flack
- **image**: Roberta Flack 1976.jpg
- **caption**: Flack in 1976
- **birth name**: Roberta Cleopatra Flack
- **alias**: Rubina Flake
- **birth place**: Black Mountain, North Carolina, Black Mountain, North Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **instruments**: Vocals, keyboards
- **occupations**: Singer-songwriter, musician
- **years active**: 1968–2022
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic (1968–1996)
Angel Records, Angel / Capitol Records, Capitol(1997)
RAS Records, RAS / 429 Records, 429 / Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Sony/ATV (2011–2018)
- **associated acts**: Donny Hathaway
Peabo Bryson
Maxi Priest