juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dalton Trumbo

**James Dalton Trumbo** (December 9, 1905 – September 10, 1976) was an American screenwriter and novelist.

Trumbo was one of the Hollywood Ten, he refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947 during the committee's investigation of Communist influences in the motion picture industry.

## Career

Trumbo won two Academy Awards while blacklisted; one (for _Roman Holiday_) was originally given to a front writer, and one (for _The Brave One_) was awarded to "Robert Rich", Trumbo's pseudonym.

On December 19, 2011, the Writers Guild of America announced that Trumbo was being given full credit for his work on the screenplay of the 1953 romantic comedy _Roman Holiday_, almost sixty years after the fact.

Actor Bryan Cranston plays Trumbo in the 2015 biopic _Trumbo_ directed by Jay Roach.

## Death

Trumbo died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California on September 10, 1976 at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- Dalton Trumbo at Library of Congress Authorities — with 20 catalog records
- Dalton Trumbo Papers at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Dalton Trumbo
- **image**: Trumbo 1947.jpg
- **caption**: Trumbo at House Un-American Activities Committee hearings, 1947
- **birth name**: James Dalton Trumbo
- **pseudonym**: Robert Rich
- **birth place**: Montrose, Colorado, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **spouse**: Cleo Beth Fincher
(1938–1976; his death)
- **occupation**: Screenwriter, Writer
Run-Around

"**Run-Around**" is a song by American jam band, Blues Traveler. It was released on the 1994 album _Four_. It won the band's first  Grammy Award in 1995, for "Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group.

The song was the band's first successful single, peaking at #8 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Run-Around
- **caption**: The artwork depicts a maze superimposed on a smoking cat
- **artist**: Blues Traveler
- **album**: Four (Blues Traveler album), Four
- **released**: February 28, 1995
- **recorded**: Spring 1994
- **genre**: Blues rock
- **length**: 4:40 (Album version)
 4:12 (Single edit)
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **writer**: John Popper
- **prev title**: Defense & Desire
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Hook (song), Hook
- **next year**: 1995
Trumbo (movie)

***Trumbo*** is a 2015 American biographical-drama movie directed by Jay Roach. It was written by Michael London. The movie is about when screenwriter Dalton Trumbo is blacklisted as a communist for his support of the Communist Party of the USA during the 1950s.

It stars Bryan Cranston as Trumbo with Diane Lane, Helen Mirren, Louis C.K., Elle Fanning, Michael Stuhlbarg, and John Goodman. It was released to positive reviews on November 6, 2015.
Jim O'Toole

**James Jerome** "**Jim**" **O'Toole** (January 10, 1937 – December 26, 2015) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds (1958–1966) and Chicago White Sox (1967). He was left-handed.

O'Toole was born in Chicago, Illinois. He married Betty Wall on July 2, 1960. They had 11 children.

O'Toole died from cancer on December 26, 2015 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was 78.
Dichen Lachman

**Dichen Lachman** (born 22 February 1982) is a Nepalese-born Australian actress and movie producer. She is best known for her roles in the television series _Neighbours_, _Dollhouse_, _NCIS: Los Angeles_, _Hawaii Five-0_, _Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D._ and _CSI: Crime Scene Investigation_. She also plays Gemma Scout/Ms. Casey in the Apple TV+ series _Severance_.

Lachman was born in Kathmandu. Her mother is Tibetan and her father is an Australian of German ancestry. She grew up in Adelaide, South Australia. She moved to the United States in 2007 and lives in Los Angeles, California. She is married to Max Osinski and has one child.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dichen Lachman
- **image**: Dichen Lachman T1.JPG
- **caption**: Lachman in April 2009
- **birth place**: Kathmandu, Nepal
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **children**: 1
- **occupation**: Actress, producer
Dami Im

**Dami Im** ( , , ; born October 17, 1988) is a South Korean-born Australian singer. She represented Australia at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2016, coming second with "Sound of Silence". She won the fifth season of _The X Factor_ in 2013. Her first album was an ARIA number one. She has three studio albums, two extended plays, nine singles, two album appearances, and four music videos.

Im was born in Incheon. Her family moved to Australia when she was 9. She grew up in Brisbane, Queensland. She is married and lives in Daisy Hill, a suburb of Logan City, Queensland. She is a Christian.
Haskell Wexler

**Haskell Wexler**, A.S.C. (February 6, 1922 – December 27, 2015) was an American cinematographer, movie producer, screenwriter and director. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 1966.

Wexler was known for his works _One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest_ (finished by Bill Butler), _Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?_, _Medium Cool_, _In the Heat of the Night_, _Days of Heaven_ and _Matewan_. He was said to be one of film history's ten most influential cinematographers in a survey of the members of the International Cinematographers Guild.

Wexler died in his sleep at the age of 93 on December 27, 2015 at his home in Santa Monica, California.

## Other websites

- A documentary about Wexler's 1969 film Medium Cool
- Haskell Wexler, ASC, Focuses on the Making of _Matewan_
- John Patterson, "Through a lens darkly", _The Guardian_, interview, June 2, 2006
- _Underground_ Album Details at Smithsonian Folkways
- Video interview  of Wexler about the film Medium Cool
Dave Henderson

**David Lee Henderson** (July 21, 1958 – December 27, 2015), nicknamed ***Hendu***, was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox, San Francisco Giants, Oakland Athletics, and Kansas City Royals during his 14-year career. He was born in Merced, California.

Henderson died of a massive heart attack in Seattle, Washington, one month after receiving a kidney transplant, at the age of 57.

## Other websites

- Retrosheet
- Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
- Page at _Baseball Library_
- Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments: Dave Henderson's Home Run
Jose Offerman

**Jose Offerman** was a Major League Baseball player who played for the Boston Red Sox among other teams.

## Other websites

- The 100 Greatest Royals of All-Time- #42 Jose Offerman

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: José Offerman
- **image**: Jose Offerman Veracruz manager Minute Maid Park 2014.jpg
- **position**: Infielder
- **bats**: Switch
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: August 19
- **debutyear**: 1990
- **debutteam**: Los Angeles Dodgers
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: October 2
- **finalyear**: 2005
- **finalteam**: New York Mets
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .273
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 57
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 537
- **teams**: * Los Angeles Dodgers (–)
* Kansas City Royals (–)
* Boston Red Sox (–)
* Seattle Mariners ()
* Minnesota Twins ()
* Philadelphia Phillies ()
* New York Mets ()
- **highlights**: * 2× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1995 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1995, 1999 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1999)
Jim Klobuchar

**James John "Jim" Klobuchar** (April 9, 1928 – May 12, 2021) was an American journalist, author, and tour guide. He wrote for the _Star Tribune_ in Minneapolis for thirty years. He wrote an occasional column for the _Christian Science Monitor_. He was the father of U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar. He was born in Ely, Minnesota.

Klobuchar died in Burnsville, Minnesota on May 12, 2021 from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 93.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jim Klobuchar
- **image**: Jim Klobuchar.JPG
- **caption**: Klobuchar campaigning for his daughter Amy Klobuchar for U.S. Senator on July 4, 2012, in Tower, Minnesota
- **birth name**: James John Klobuchar
- **birth place**: Ely, Minnesota, U.S.
- **death place**: Burnsville, Minnesota, U.S.
- **education**: Vermilion Community College, Ely Junior College (Associate of Arts, AA)
University of Minnesota (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **occupation**: Journalist, author, travel guide, columnist
- **employer**: _Star Tribune_
_The Christian Science Monitor_
- **children**: 2, including Amy Klobuchar, Amy
Mark Warner

**Mark Robert Warner** (born December 15, 1954) is an American politician and the senior United States Senator from Virginia, in office since 2009. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Warner was the 69th Governor of Virginia, holding the office from 2002 to 2006.

## Other websites

- Senator Mark Warner _official U.S. Senate site_
- Forward Together PAC
- C-SPAN _Q&A_ interview with Warner, November 6, 2005

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mark Warner
- **image**: Senator Mark Warner Portrait (cropped).png
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2025
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Virginia
- **alongside**: Tim Kaine
- **term start**: January 3, 2009
- **predecessor**: John Warner
- **order1**: List of Governors of Virginia, 69th Governor of Virginia
- **lieutenant1**: Tim Kaine
- **term start1**: January 12, 2002
- **term end1**: January 14, 2006
- **predecessor1**: Jim Gilmore
- **successor1**: Tim Kaine
- **birth name**: Mark Robert Warner
- **birth place**: Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Lisa Collis
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**:
Harvard Law School
- **signature**: Mark Warner Signature.svg
Ellsworth Kelly

**Ellsworth Kelly** (May 31, 1923 – December 27, 2015) was an American painter, sculptor, and printmaker. He worked with hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and the minimalist school. His works showed unique techniques showing simplicity of form, similar to the work of John McLaughlin and Kenneth Noland.

Kelly died in Spencertown, New York on December 27, 2015 of respiratory failure at the age of 92.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Ellsworth Kelly
- **image**: Ellsworth Kelly (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ellsworth Kelly arrives at LACMA’s gala opening of the Broad Contemporary Art Museum on February 9, 2008 in Los Angeles
- **birth place**: Newburgh, New York, Newburgh, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Spencertown, New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **field**: Painting, sculpture, printmaking
- **training**: Pratt Institute
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts
School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- **awards**: Praemium Imperiale
The Babadook

***The Babadook*** is a 2014 Australian psychological horror drama movie, written and directed by Jennifer Kent as her directorial debut. It is about a woman and her son being tortured by an evil spirit based on a child's book. The movie stars Essie Davis and Noah Wiseman, while Daniel Henshall, Hayley McElhinney, Barbara West, and Ben Winspear appear in supporting roles.

_The Babadook_ was produced by Causeway Films (Kristina Ceyton) and is based on the short movie _Monster_ (2005), also written and directed by Kent. The movie was shown at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and received positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes' aggregation, it was ranked as the third most-liked movie of the year.

## Other websites

- Official website
- The Babadook trailer  at Fliks.com.au
- How Jennifer Kent made The Babadook at SBS Movies

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Babadook
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Jennifer Kent
- **producer**: Kristina Ceyton
Kristian Moliere
- **writer**: Jennifer Kent
- **starring**: Essie Davis
Noah Wiseman
Hayley McElhinney
Daniel Henshall
Barbara West
Ben Winspear
- **music**: Jed Kurzel
- **cinematography**: Radek Ladczuk
- **editing**: Simon Njoo
- **studio**: Causeway Films United Kingdom, Screen Australia
- **distributor**: Entertainment One
IFC Films
Icon Productions
- **runtime**: 94 minutes
- **country**: Australia
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $2 million
- **gross**: $6.7 million
Alfredo Pacheco

**Alfredo Alberto Pacheco** (1 December 1982 – 27 December 2015) was a Salvadoran footballer. He played for FAS and the New York Red Bulls. He also had the record for most appearances for his national team, playing 86 times.

Pacheco was born in Santa Ana. He was married with five children and lived in the United States.

Pacheco was shot and killed on 27 December 2015 in Santa Ana, aged 33.
Stein Eriksen

**Stein Eriksen** (11 December 1927 – 27 December 2015) is a Norwegian-American alpine skier. He won gold and two silvers at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. He retired in 1954.

Eriksen was born in Oslo. His parents were Marius Eriksen (1886–1950) and Birgit Heien (1900–1996). He lived in the United States for six decades.

Eriksen died on 27 December 2015 in Park City, Utah. He was 88.

## Other websites

- Stein Eriksen at the International Ski Federation
Meridian arc

In geodesy, a **meridian arc** is the distance between two points with the same longitude. In geometry it is an arc: a segment of a curve. The length of an imaginary rope laid over the globe would be that distance.

Two or more such measurements at different places get the shape of the  reference ellipsoid which is most like the shape of the geoid. This process is called "the determination of the figure of the Earth". The earliest determinations of the size of a spherical Earth used a single arc. The latest determinations use astro-geodetic measurements and the methods of satellite geodesy to get the reference ellipsoids.

The Alexandrian scientist Eratosthenes about 240 BC, first calculated a good value for circumference of the Earth. He knew that on the summer solstice at local noon the sun goes through the zenith in the ancient Egyptian city of Syene (Assuan). He also knew from his own measurements that, at the same moment in his hometown of Alexandria, the zenith distance was 1/50 of a full circle (7.2°). Assuming that Alexandria was due north of Syene, Eratosthenes concluded that the distance between Alexandria and Syene must be 1/50 of Earth's circumference.

In 1687 Newton published in the _Principia_ a proof that the Earth was an oblate spheroid of flattening equal to 1/230.

## Related pages

- Struve Geodetic Arc
Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt

**Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt** (July 20, 1671 in Darmstadt – August 11, 1736 in Vienna) was a Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, Imperial Field Marshal and Governor of Mantua.

## Life

Philip was a younger son of Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1630–1678) and his second wife Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg (1640–1709), daughter of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha.

Philip fought for the Habsburgs in the Spanish War of Succession. In 1708 he became Field Marshal and Supreme Commander of the Imperial troops in newly conquered Naples. After the war in 1714, under influence of Prince Eugene of Savoy, he became governor of the former Duchy of Mantua until his death.

Philip was a great lover of music. When he was with his soldiers in Naples, he was patron of Nicola Porpora. When he was governor of Mantua, he made Antonio Vivaldi _Maestro di Cappella_ of his court. Vivaldi wrote the opera Tito Manlio to celebrate Philip's wedding to Princess Eleanora of Guastalla, however the wedding never took place.

## Marriage and children

On March 24, 1693, Philip married Marie Therese of Croÿ (1673–1714), daughter of Ferdinand François Joseph, Duke of Croy-Havré. He had to beome a Catholic for the wedding, which made his mother very upset.

Philip and Marie had five children :
- Joseph (1699−1768), Bishop of Augsburg
- Wilhelm Ludwig (1704, died young)
- Theodora (February 6, 1706 – January 23, 1784), married in 1727 Duke Antonio Ferrante Gonzaga (1687–1729), no children.
- Leopold (1708–1764), Imperial Field marshal, married in 1740 Enrichetta d'Este from Modena (1702–1777)
- Charles (1710-1710)

## Literature

- Andreas Räss: _Die Convertiten seit der Reformation_ S. 467 ff.
- Alfred Arneth: _Prinz Eugen von Savoyen_, Wien, 1864

## Other websites

- www.geneall.net
Sean Hayes (actor)

**Sean Patrick Hayes** (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, and producer.  He is best known for his role as Jack McFarland on the NBC sitcom _Will & Grace_. During the series he won an Emmy Award, four SAG Awards, and one American Comedy Award, and earned six Golden Globe nominations. After _Will & Grace_ he guest starred in programs such as _30 Rock_, _Portlandia_ and _Parks and Recreation_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sean Hayes
- **image**: Sean Hayes in New York 2010 - crop.jpg
- **caption**: Hayes in 2003
- **birth name**: Sean Patrick Hayes
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **years active**: 1996–present
Robert Spitzer (psychiatrist)

**Robert Leopold Spitzer** (May 22, 1932 – December 25, 2015) was an American psychiatrist. He was a professor of psychiatry at Columbia University in New York City. He was a major figure in the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). He helped remove homosexuality as a mental disorder.

Spitzer was born in White Plains, New York. He studied at Cornell University and at New York University School of Medicine. He worked at Columbia University until his retirement in 2010. Spitzer died of heart disease at his home in Seattle, Washington at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Psychiatrist Robert Spitzer, Hero and Villain to Gay Rights Movement, Dies at 83

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Robert Spitzer
- **birth name**: Robert Leopold Spitzer
- **birth place**: White Plains, New York, White Plains, New York (state), New York, US
- **death place**: Seattle, Washington, US
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: Cornell University (Bachelor's degree, BA),
New York University School of Medicine (Doctor of Medicine, MD)
- **work institution**: Columbia University
- **known for**: Modernizing classification of mental disorders, recognizing homosexuality as a non-mental disorder
- **influences**: Wilhelm Reich
- **field**: Psychiatry
- **spouse**: Janet Williams
<small>(?-2015; his death)</small>
Eleanor Coen

**Eleanor Coen** (October 21, 1916 – July 9, 2010) was an American painter. She was born in Normal, Illinois. Coen worked at the Art Institute of Chicago. Coen's work is displayed at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and Art Institute of Chicago.

Coen died of heart failure at the age of 93 in Evanston, Illinois.
Martin Bell (director)

**Martin Bell** (born January 16, 1943) is an American movie director. He was best known for his movies such as _Streetwise_ and _American Heart_. His career began in 1971 wile making short movies. He was married to Mary Ellen Mark until her death in 2015.
Ralph Torres

**Ralph Deleon Guerrero Torres** (born August 6, 1979) is an American Republican politician from Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. He was the 9th Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from the death of governor Eloy Inos on December 28, 2015 until January 9, 2023. He previously served as the 10th Lieutenant Governor. He was elected to this position in the 2014 election. He lost re-election in 2022 to Arnold Palacios.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ralph Torres
- **image**: NMI-Ralph-Torres.jpg
- **office**: 9th Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
- **term start**: December 28, 2015
- **term end**: January 9, 2023
- **predecessor**: Eloy Inos
- **successor**: Arnold Palacios
- **office2**: Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
- **governor2**: Eloy Inos
- **term start2**: January 12, 2015
- **term end2**: December 28, 2015
- **predecessor2**: Jude Hofschneider
- **successor2**:  Victor Hocog
- **birth place**: Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **alma mater**: Boise State University
William Waad

Sir **William Waad** (also **Wade** or **Wadd**) (1546 – 1623) was an English diplomat and administrator. He served as a special diplomatic agent for Elizabeth I of England. She sent him to France to collect papers which were used to convict her sister, Queen Mary. Waad also carried out the questioning and interrogations of political prisoners, often using torture to get the answers. He was involved in questioning Sir Walter Raleigh, members of the Gunpowder Plot, and the Essex rebellion among others.
Carlos Romero Barceló

**Carlos Antonio Romero Barceló** (September 4, 1932 – May 2, 2021) was a Puerto Rican politician. He served as the fifth Governor of Puerto Rico. He was the second governor to be elected from the New Progressive Party (PNP) and also Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001.

On July 3, 2017, he was appointed by Governor Ricky Rosselló as Puerto Rico's first United States Shadow Senator to the U.S. Senate.

Romero Barceló was hospitalized in San Juan, Puerto Rico in March 2021 for sepsis and a urinary tract infection. He died a month later on May 2, 2021 at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Hispanic Americans in Congress: Carlos Romero-Barceló
- The National League of Cities

Movie: "Bajo otra Bandera" made 1997.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carlos Romero Barceló
- **image**: Carlos Romero Barcelo.jpg
- **office**: Shadow congressperson, United States Shadow Senator
from Puerto Rico
- **appointer**: Ricky Rosselló
- **term start**: August 15, 2017
- **term end**: May 2, 2021
- **predecessor**: Seat established
- **successor**: Zoraida Buxó
- **office1**: Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
- **term start1**: January 3, 1993
- **term end1**: January 3, 2001
- **predecessor1**: Antonio Colorado
- **successor1**: Aníbal Acevedo Vilá
- **office2**: 5th Governor of Puerto Rico
- **term start2**: January 2, 1977
- **term end2**: January 2, 1985
- **predecessor2**: Rafael Hernández Colón
- **successor2**: Rafael Hernández Colón
- **office3**: List of mayors of San Juan, Puerto Rico, Mayor of San Juan
- **term start3**: January 2, 1969
- **term end3**: January 2, 1977
- **predecessor3**: Felisa Rincón de Gautier
- **successor3**: Hernán Padilla
- **birth place**: San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: San Juan, Puerto Rico
- **party**: New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico, New Progressive
- **otherparty**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Kate Donnelly
- **education**: Yale University
University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras
Coronagraph

A **coronagraph** is a telescope to see things around the Sun. The telescope uses a disk to block the bright surface of the sun, exposing bright objects around the sun to be visible to human eyes.
James Braid

**James Braid** (1795 - 1860) was a Scottish surgeon and hypnotist.

He was born in Portmoak, Scotland. He died in of an illness in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester.

## Research on hypnotism

Braid saw a demonstration of mesmerism by Charles Lafontaine in 1841 and began to explore and research the subject for himself. He argued that the trance like state that a person went into, which he called hypnotism, was a state of mind. He said it was not caused by the transferring "mesmeric fluid" or "animal magnetism". He believed a hypnotic state could be caused by having a person stare at a small bright object. When a person was in a hypnotic state, they could be given suggestions which they did not remember when fully awake. He also noted changes in pulse and blood circulation, which he believed were able to cure some illnesses. He began using hypnotism and suggestion as way of treating some of his patients.

His ideas were later developed by a group of doctors in Paris, who were called "Braidists". Led by the neurologist J. M. Charcot, their work made it scientifically acceptable to study hypnotism.

## Books and articles

Braid wrote a book and several articles about his research and his ideas:
- _Neurypnology, or, The Rationale of Nervous Sleep_ (1843).
- _The Power of the Mind over the Body_ (1846).
- _Magic, Witchcraft, Animal Magnetism, Hypnotism, and Electro-Biology_ (1852).
- _Hypnotic Therapeutics, Illustrated by Cases_ (1853).
Colin Dexter

**Norman Colin Dexter**, OBE, (29 September 1930 – 21 March 2017) was an English crime writer. He was known for his Inspector Morse novels, which were written between 1975 and 1999 and adapted as a television series from 1987 to 2000.

In 2000 Dexter was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to literature. In 2001 he was awarded the Freedom of the City of Oxford.

Dexter died in his sleep at his home in Oxford on 21 March 2017, aged 86.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Colin Dexter
- **birth place**: Stamford, Lincolnshire, Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, UK
- **death place**: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, UK
- **alma mater**: Christ's College, Cambridge
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **genre**: Crime fiction
Sheila Mercier

**Sheila Mercier** (1 January 1919 – 4 December 2019) was an English actress. She was born in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. She played Annie Sugden in _Emmerdale_ for over 20 years between 1972 and 1994, she made 3 further appearances in 1995, 1996 and 2009.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sheila Mercier
- **birth name**: Sheila Betty Rix
- **birth place**: Kingston upon Hull, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **death place**: Kent, England
- **years active**: 1936–1996, 2009
- **spouse**: Peter Mercier (1951–1993) (his death)
- **children**: 2
Buick Rendezvous

The **Buick Rendezvous** was a midsize crossover SUV. It was built by General Motors from 2002 to 2007. The Rendezvous was built on a short wheelbase of the GM U platform similar to the Pontiac Aztek. It slotted between the Rainier and the Terraza. From 2002 to 2006, it offered the option of front-wheel-drive or all-wheel drive. This was dropped for the final model year. The Rendezvous was later discontinued due to a drop in sales and replaced by the slightly larger Buick Enclave CUV which also replaced the Rainier and Terraza.
Stuck in the Middle (TV series)

***Stuck in the Middle*** is a Disney Channel Original Series. It was created by Alison Brown and executive producer Linda Videtti Figueiredo. The series stars Jenna Ortega as Harley Diaz. The series aired on February 14, 2016.

## Plot

The series is about a family of 9, seen through the point of view of Harley Diaz, a 12-year-old inventor who just so happens to be the middle kid in a large family,

## Cast

- Jenna Ortega as Harley Diaz
- Ronni Hawk as Rachel Diaz
- Kayla Maisonet as Georgie Diaz
- Isaak Presley as Ethan Diaz
- Nicolas Bechtel as Lewie Diaz
- Malachi Barton as Beast Diaz
- Ariana Greenblatt as Daphne Diaz
- Cerina Vincent as Suzy Diaz
- Joe Nieves as Tom Diaz

## Release

The Disney Channel series _Stuck in the Middle_ started airing on February 14, 2016. The series premiered on March 11, 2016. Production began on November 30, 2015.

## Episodes

- Ariana Greenblatt, Kayla Maisonet, Nicolas Bechtel, Malachi Barton, Cerina Vincent, and Joe Nieves are absent for three episodes each.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
- **creator**: Alison Brown
- **writer**: Linda Videtti Figueiredo
- **director**: Jonathan Judge
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 57
- **executive producer**: Linda Videtti Figueiredo
- **camera**: Single-camera
- **runtime**: 30 minutes
- **channel**: Disney Channel
Budō

**Budō** is a Japanese term describing modern Japanese martial arts. Budō, which means "the martial ways", has its origins in bushidō, "the way of the warrior". The budō arts include aikido, judo, jūkendō, Kendo, Kyūdō, naginata, shorinji kempo and sumo. In battle, budō teaches defense with the ideas of nonviolence and spiritual enlightenment. Originally designed for warfare, budō became a way of self-defense. From his book _Meditations on Violence_, Rory Miller wrote:
"It is better to avoid than to run; better to run than to de-escalate; better to de-escalate than to fight; better to fight than to die. Budō is based on the principles of Zen. The term budō is often used in another sense to refer to specific martial arts such as Akai Budo, Judo and Kendo.
Rearguard

A **rearguard** is a part of a military force that protects the main force from attack from the rear. This is either during an advance or withdrawal. The term can also be used to describe forces protecting lines of communication behind an army. In modern armies the rearguard may be used to delay an enemy, to keep supply routes open or may also gather intelligence on an enemy approaching from the rear. One of the best recorded examples of a rearguard action is found in The Song of Roland. It is based on the historical events of the attack on the rearguard of Charlemagne's army in the Pyrenees. It was written in the 11th century, three hundred years after it happened.
The Song of Roland

***The Song of Roland*** () is an epic poem based on the Battle of Roncevaux in 778 during the reign of Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major piece of French literature. It exists in different manuscript versions which shows its great popularity from the 12th to 14th centuries.

The poem was composed circa 1040–1115 AD. An early version began around 1040. Additions and changes were made up until about 1115. The final text has about 4,000 lines of poetry. These lines are further divided into 298 poetic units called laisses. The poem was written to be performed, possibly to music. The author of the poem is unknown.

This epic poem is the oldest example of the _chanson de geste_, which was a literary form popular between the 11th and 15th centuries. This literary form featured legendary deeds and heroes.

## Historical event

The poem is about an actual historical event that happened centuries earlier. In 778 Charlemagne invaded Spain. On his way through the Pyrenees he looted and plundered Basque lands. He found little resistance in Spain until he reached the city of Zaragoza. Charlemagne demanded that Zaragoza surrender. The city governor, Hussain Ibn al-Ansari, refused. Charlemagne then laid siege to the city but with little success. Finally the governor paid Charlemagne a large amount of gold in return for Charlemagne's army's leaving the area. Charlemagne had a pending Saxon revolt at home, so he needed little persuasion to leave.

As Charlemagne marched north back to France, he again passed through Basque territory. His large army was deep in the Pyrenees in a long column on August 15, 778. His rearguard was commanded by Roland, one of Charlemagne's most trusted leaders. The rearguard was attacked starting the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. The Basques, using their knowledge of the terrain, were able to overcome the Frankish rearguard. The rearguard's job was to protect the main army, so it fought to the last man. The Basques plundered the baggage trains and captured the gold Charlemagne was paid at Zaragoza. Before the Frankish army could turn to fight the Basques, the Basques had fled. Roland and his men died as heroes.

## Main characters in the poem

- Baligant
- Blancandrin
- Bramimonde
- Charlemagne
- Ganelon
- King Marsile
- Naimon
- Oliver
- Roland
- Turpin

## Other websites

- Song of Roland
Chumar

**Chumar** is a place in the provinces of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The area is claimed by both China and India. According to China's Ministry of Defence "the two countries’ border, to this day, has not been designated". The problem is that for centuries, the sparsely inhabited mountainous region existed as a buffer zone between empires. A border war broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of soldiers. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.
Elżbieta Krzesińska

**Elżbieta Maria Krzesińska** née Duńska (November 11, 1934 – December 29, 2015) was a Polish track and field athlete from Warsaw.

She competed in the long jump. She competed for her native country at the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia where she won the gold medal in the Women's Long Jump.  She returned to the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome but failed to defend her title, finishing second behind Soviet Vera Krepkina.

Krzesińska died after a long-illness at her home in Warsaw at the age of 81.
Pavel Srníček

**Pavel Srníček** (10 March 1968 – 29 December 2015) was a Czech professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper from 1990 to 2007, mainly for Newcastle United.

He represented Sheffield Wednesday,  Portsmouth and West Ham United in England, and also played in Italy for Brescia and Cosenza, in Portugal for Beira-Mar, and in his native country for Banik Ostrava. After retiring, he worked as a goalkeeping coach for his own private school and for Sparta Prague.

Srníček played internationally for the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2001, earning a total of 49 caps. He was part of their squad that came runners-up at UEFA Euro 96, and was their first-choice goalkeeper when they came third at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup and contested UEFA Euro 2000.

On 4 January 2012, Sparta Prague confirmed the appointment of Srníček to their coaching staff.

Srníček suffered a massive heart attack while out jogging on 20 December 2015. He was put into an induced coma at a hospital in his native Ostrava. He died nine days later at the age of 47, when his life support was turned off due to irreversible brain damage.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Pavel Srníček
- **image**: Památník Pavla Srnička na hřišti FK Bospor Bohumín (cropped).jpg
- **fullname**: Pavel Srníček
- **birth place**: Ostrava, Czechoslovakia
- **death place**: Ostrava, Czech Republic
- **position**: Goalkeeper (football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1977–1982
- **youthyears2**: 1982–1985
- **youthyears3**: 1985–1987
- **youthyears4**: 1987–1988
- **youthyears5**: 1988–1990
- **youthclubs1**: TJ Viktorie Bohumín
- **youthclubs2**: FK Bohumín, TJ ŽD Bohumín
- **youthclubs3**: Baník Ostrava
- **youthclubs4**: VTJ Tábor
- **youthclubs5**: Dukla Prague
- **years1**: 1990–1991
- **years2**: 1991–1998
- **years3**: 1998
- **years4**: 1998–2000
- **years5**: 2000–2003
- **years6**: 2003
- **years7**: 2003–2004
- **years8**: 2004
- **years9**: 2004
- **years10**: 2004–2006
- **years11**: 2006–2007
- **clubs1**: Banik Ostrava
- **clubs2**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **clubs3**: Banik Ostrava
- **clubs4**: Sheffield Wednesday F.C., Sheffield Wednesday
- **clubs5**: Brescia Calcio, Brescia
- **clubs6**: Cosenza Calcio 1914, Cosenza
- **clubs7**: Portsmouth F.C., Portsmouth
- **clubs8**: → West Ham United F.C., West Ham United (loan)
- **clubs9**: West Ham United F.C., West Ham United
- **clubs10**: Beira-Mar
- **clubs11**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **caps1**: 30
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 150
- **goals2**: 0
- **caps3**: 6
- **goals3**: 0
- **caps4**: 44
- **goals4**: 0
- **caps5**: 32
- **goals5**: 0
- **caps6**: 9
- **goals6**: 0
- **caps7**: 3
- **goals7**: 0
- **caps8**: 1
- **goals8**: 0
- **caps9**: 2
- **goals9**: 0
- **caps10**: 63
- **goals10**: 0
- **caps11**: 2
- **goals11**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 342
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1994–2001
- **nationalteam1**: Czech Republic national football team, Czech Republic
- **nationalcaps1**: 49
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Progeria

**Progeria** (), also called **Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome** and **HGPS** **progeria syndrome** is a very rare genetic disorder. Children born with progeria show symptoms which are like aging. This can include skin wrinkles and grey hair or baldness. Progeria is one of several progeroid syndromes. The word _progeria_ comes from the Greek words "pro" (πρό), meaning "before" or "premature", and "gēras" (γῆρας), meaning "old age".

It is very rare, only 1 child in every 8 million live births. People with progeria usually only live to their mid teens to early twenties. It is a genetic condition that occurs as a new mutation. It is rarely inherited, as people with the condition do not usually live long enough to have children.

Scientists are studying progeria because it might reveal clues about the normal process of aging. Progeria was first described in 1886 by Jonathan Hutchinson. It was also described independently in 1897 by Hastings Gilford. The condition was later named Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Progeria
- **image**: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.png
- **caption**: A young girl with progeria (left). A healthy cell nucleus (right, top) and a progeric cell nucleus (right, bottom).
- **field**: Medical genetics
- **diseasesdb**: 10704
- **icd10**: (ILDS E34.840)
- **omim**: 176670
- **medlineplus**: 001657
- **emedicinesubj**: derm
- **emedicinetopic**: 731
- **meshid**: D011371
- **orphanet**: 740
Antony Booth

**Anthony George Booth** (9 October 1931 – 25 September 2017), later known as **Tony** and **Antony**, was a retired English actor. He is best known for his role as Mike Rawlins in the BBC series _Till Death Us Do Part_.

Booth is the father-in-law of former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair. Blair is married to Booth's daughter Cherie Booth.

Booth suffered a stroke in 2010. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2004. He died of the disease in London on 25 September 2017 at the age of 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Antony Booth
- **birth name**: Anthony George Booth
- **birth place**: Liverpool, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1960–2010
- **spouse**: Gale Smith
(m. 19??; div. 19??)

- **children**: 8, including Cherie Blair and Lauren Booth
Bob Cerv

**Robert Henry Cerv** (May 5, 1925 – April 6, 2017) was a former American baseball player. Before his professional career, he was a collegiate baseball and basketball player at the University of Nebraska. He was born in Weston, Nebraska.

Cerv signed with the New York Yankees in 1950 and was a little-used reserve outfielder on the Yankee teams of the early 1950s. Cerv played for the Yankees from 1951 through 1956, again in 1960, and lastly from 1961 through 1962. He also played for the Kansas City Athletics (1957-1960), Los Angeles Angels (1961), and the Houston Colt .45s (1962).

Cerv died on April 6, 2017 in Blair, Nebraska from a stroke, aged 91.
Robin Williams (canoeist)

**Robin Williams** is a British slalom canoeist who competed in the 1980s. He won two medals in the C-2 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold in 1981 and a bronze in 1983.
Florida A&M University

**Florida A&M University** or **FAMU**, is a public, historically black university in Tallahassee, Florida. Its official name is **Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University**.  Florida A&M University was built on the highest of seven hills in Tallahassee.  It opened on October 3, 1887.

It is one of the largest historically black universities in the United States, in number of students. It awards bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees.

FAMU's main campus is in Tallahassee. It is close to the State Capitol and the campus of Florida State University. The university also has campuses in Orlando, Miami, Jacksonville, Tampa and Crestview.

## National historic district

has 132 buildings that spread out over . Part of the campus is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. This is named the **Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College Historic District**.  It was placed on the list on May 9, 1996.

The district is in the center of the campus. In the National Register, it covers . It includes 14 historic buildings and 1 object. One campus building, the old Carnegie Library, is listed separately on the National Register.

On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter put Lee Hall at Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University on its list of _Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places_.

## Other websites

- Florida A&M Athletics website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
- **native name**: FAMU
- **image**: Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University campus.jpg
- **motto**: _Excellence With Caring_
- **type**: Public university, Public, HBCU
Land-grant university, Land-grant
- **endowment**: $127.18 million
- **president**: Larry Robinson
- **faculty**: 630
- **students**: 9,928
- **city**: Tallahassee, Florida, Tallahassee
- **state**: Florida
- **country**: U.S.
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban

- **former names**: Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes
<small>(1909–1953)</small>
State Normal and Industrial College for Colored Students
<small>(1891–1909)</small>
State Normal College for Colored Students
<small>(1887–1891)</small>
- **colors**: Orange and Green

- **nickname**: Rattlers and Lady Rattlers
- **mascot**: Venom the Rattlesnake
- **athletics**: NCAA Division I– Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC)
- **affiliations**: State University System of Florida
Urban 13
Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, APLU
Thurgood Marshall College Fund, TMCF
- **logo**: Florida A&M University logo.png


## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College Historic District
- **nrhp type**: hd
- **nocat**: yes
- **image**: Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University campus.jpg
- **caption**: FAMU campus, Lee Hall
- **location**: Tallahassee, Florida
- **locmapin**: Florida
- **built**: 1907
- **architect**: William Augustus Edwards; Rudolph Weaver, et al.
- **architecture**: Colonial Revival architecture, Colonial Revival, Neoclassicism, Classical Revival
- **added**: May 9, 1996
- **governing body**: State
- **refnum**: 96000530
Frank Malzone

**Frank James Malzone** (February 28, 1930 – December 29, 2015) was an American baseball player. He was a former Major League Baseball third baseman and right-handed slugger who played for the Boston Red Sox (1955–65) and California Angels (1966). He was born in The Bronx, New York.

Malzone died in Needham, Massachusetts of natural causes at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- Baseball Library
Over and Over Again (song)

"**Over and Over Again**" is a song by English recording artist Nathan Sykes. The song was written by Sykes and was released in the United Kingdom on 20 November 2015 as the second single from his debut studio album. The song peaked to number 8 on the UK Singles Chart.

Sykes performed the song live on _The X Factor_ on 22 November 2015.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Over and Over Again
- **artist**: Nathan Sykes
- **released**: 20 November 2015
- **recorded**: 2015
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 4:07
- **label**: Global Entertainment
- **writer**: Nathan Sykes
- **chronology**: Nathan Sykes singles
- **prev title**: Kiss Me Quick (Nathan Sykes song), Kiss Me Quick
- **prev year**: 2015
Kim Yang-gon

**Kim Yang-gon** (; 24 April 1942 – 29 December 2015) was a North Korean politician. He was a member of the ruling party Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). He served as head of relations with South Korea from 2007 until his death, under both Kim Jong-il and later Kim Jong-un. He was born in Anju, South Pyongan Province.

Kim died in a car accident on 29 December 2015, aged 73.
Rufous-tailed lark

The **rufous-tailed lark** (_Ammomanes phoenicura_) is a passerine bird. It is native to India and northeast Pakistan.
Terpenoid

**Terpenoids**, or **isoprenoids**, are a large group of organic compounds. They are derivatives of terpenes. Like terpenes, they are made out of one or more isoprene molecules combined into a polymer. Unlike terpenes, terpenoids can have small changes to the structure, like taking away methyl groups or adding other chemical elements like oxygen.

They are lipids, and are found in all classes of living things. They are the largest group of natural products. About 60% of natural products are terpenoids.

Plant terpenoids are often used for their scent. They are used in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids help the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A in the plant _Salvia divinorum_, the cannabinoids found in cannabis, ginkgolide and bilobalide found in _Ginkgo biloba_, and the curcuminoids found in turmeric and mustard seeds.

The steroids and sterols in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors.
Bad Orb

**Bad Orb** is a spa town in Hesse, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Bad Orb
- **image photo**: Bad Orb, Blick vom Wartturm.JPG
- **image caption**: Bad Orb seen from Molkenberg
- **image coa**: DEU Bad Orb COA.svg
- **image plan**: Bad Orb in MKK.svg
- **state**: Hessen
- **region**: Darmstadt
- **district**: Main-Kinzig-Kreis
- **elevation**: 200 - 250
- **area**: 47.78
- **population**: 10010
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 63619
- **area code**: 06052
- **licence**: MKK, GN, SLÜ
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 06 4 35 001
- **mayor**: Helga Uhl
Astrocyte

**Astrocytes**  are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They are also known collectively as **astroglia**.

The proportion of astrocytes in the brain varies. Studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region from 20% to 40% of all glia.

Astrocytes do many things. They help the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier, provide nutrients to the nervous tissue, keep extracellular ions in balance. They also help repair the brain and spinal cord after traumatic injuries.

Research since the mid-1990s has shown that astrocytes release Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions, and adjust brain functions. Such discoveries have made astrocytes an important area of research in neuroscience.

## Infobox (cell)

- **name**: Astrocyte
- **latin**: Astrocytus
- **image**: Astrocyte5.jpg
- **caption**: An astrocytic cell from rat brain grown in tissue culture. It is stained with antibodies. The blue material shows stained DNA, and shows the nuclei of the astrocyte and other cells.
- **location**: Brain and Spinal cord
Natoli

**Natoli** is an Italian surname.

It may refer to:
- Antonino Natoli of Patti (1539-1618), Italian priest
- Giuseppe Natoli (1815-1867), Italian politician
- Prince Giovanni Natoli (died 1633), Italian nobleman
Mangesh Padgaonkar

**Mangesh Keshav Padgaonkar** (Devanagari: मंगेश केशव पाडगांवकर; 10 March 1929 – 30 December 2015) was an Indian poet from Maharashtra, India. He was born on 10 March 1929 in Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra.

Padgaonkar has 40 publications to his credit. He began writing at the age of 14. The United States Library of Congress has 31 of his publications in their collection. He has also translated works of Kabir and Surdas in Marathi along with Shakespeare's plays _The Tempest_, _Julius Caesar_ and _Romeo and Juliet_. In 2008, his translation of the Bible was released.

Padgaonkar died in Mumbai from a short illness at the age of 86.
Joe Houston

**Joe Houston** (July 11, 1926 – December 28, 2015) was an American tenor saxophonist. He played jazz and rhythm and blues. He was born in Bastrop, Texas. His career began in the 1940s in Kansas City, Missouri.

Houston formed his own band The Rockets, and moved to Los Angeles in 1952.  He scored his only two chart hit singles in 1952 with "Worry, Worry, Worry" and "Hard Time Baby" both of which peaked at #10 on _Billboard's_ R&B singles chart.

Houston's musical career ended after he suffered a stroke in 2005. He died on December 28, 2015 in Long Beach, California, following a series of strokes, aged 89.