juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Benjamin W. Lee

**Benjamin Whiso Lee** (Korean: **이휘소**, **Lee Whi-so**) (January 1, 1935 – June 16, 1977) or **Ben Lee**, was a Korean-American theoretical physicist. His work in theorical particle physics was very important to the development of the standard model in the late 20th century. His work mainly affected the renormalization and the charm quark.

## Life

Benjamin W. Lee was born in Seoul, Korea. Before finishing high school, he entered the department of Chemical Engineering at Seoul National University. He was one of the best students. During his time in college, he transferred to the United States. He graduated from Miami University. Lee received a master's degree from the University of Pittsburgh, and his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania at the age of 25. Lee worked at Institute for Advanced Study. He was a professor of physics at University of Pennsylvania, SUNY at Stony Brook, University of Chicago, and head of the theoretical physics department at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. On June 16, 1977, he was killed in a car accident near Kewanee, Illinois. Lee studied symmetry principles and weak interactions.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Benjamin Whisoh Lee
- **caption**: Benjamin W. Lee
- **image**: PortraitBen.jpg
- **alt**: Benjamin W. Lee
- **birth place**: Seoul, Korea under Japanese rule, Colonial Korea
- **death place**: Kewanee, Illinois, United States
- **citizenship**: United States
- **nationality**: Korea under Japanese rule (1935–1945)
South Korean nationality law, South Korean (1945–1968)
United States nationality law, American (1968–1977)
- **fields**: Quantum field theory
Particle physics
Theoretical physics
- **workplaces**: University of Pennsylvania
Institute for Advanced Study
Stony Brook University
Fermilab
University of Chicago
- **alma mater**: Kyunggi High School
Seoul National University
Miami University
University of Pittsburgh
University of Pennsylvania
- **doctoral advisor**: Abraham Klein (physicist), Abraham Klein
- **notable students**: Burt Ovrut
- **known for**: Weak Interaction
Gauge theory
Light dark matter, Lee-Weinberg bound
- **influenced**: Abdus Salam
Gerard 't Hooft
- **awards**: Order of Camellia
(Order of Civil Merit of South Korea)
- **signature**: BenjaminWLee Signature.png
- **signature alt**: Signature of Benjamin W. Lee
- **footnotes**: _Biography of Benjamin W. Lee_ by JooSang Kang
- **spouse**: Marianne Mun Ching Sim
Alessandro Volta

Count **Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta** (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was a Lombard physicist known especially for the development of the first electrical cell in 1800. He was born in Como in Lombardy, Italy.

Volta worked on the electrophorus that makes a static electric charge in 1775. Volta also studied what we now call capacitance, developing separate means to study both electrical potential V and charge Q, and discovering that for a given object they are proportional. This may be called Volta's Law of Capacitance, and likely for this work the unit of electrical potential has been named the volt. Around 1791 he began to study "animal electricity". In this way he discovered Volta's Law of the electrochemical series, and the law that the electromotive force (emf  ) of a galvanic cell. In 1800, he invented the _voltaic pile_, an early electric battery, which made a steady electric current. It is credited as the first electrochemical cell.

In honor of his work in the field of electricity, Napoleon Bonaparte made him a count in 1810. A museum in Como, the **Voltian Temple**, has been built in his honor and exhibits some of the original equipment he used to conduct experiments. In 1881, an important electrical unit, the volt(V), was named in his honor. There have also been innovations and discoveries named after Alessandro Volta including the Chevy Volt, and the Volta Crater on the Moon.

Volta married the daughter of Count Ludovico Peregrini, Teresa.  They raised three sons. In 1779 he became professor of experimental physics at the University of Pavia.  He had the job for almost 25 years. Volta is buried in the city of Como. At the **Tempio Voltiano** near Lake Como there is a museum about him and his work.
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz

**Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz** (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 – 13 July 1896) was a German organic chemist. Kekulé was born in Darmstadt, the son of a civil servant. After graduating from secondary school, in 1847 he entered the University of Giessen, with the intention of studying architecture. After hearing the lectures of Justus von Liebig he decided to study chemistry. Following his education in Giessen, he took further doctorate fellowships in Paris (1851-52), in Chur, Switzerland (1852-53), and in London (1853-55), where he was decisively influenced by Alexander Williamson.

In 1858, he was hired as a full professor at the University of Ghent. In 1867, he was asked to work at the University of Bonn. There he studied carbon organic compounds and benzene. He suggested a benzene ring structure.

Kekulé's most famous work was on the structure of benzene. In 1865 Kekulé published a paper in French suggesting that the structure contained a six-membered ring of carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds. The next year he published a much longer paper in German on the same subject. The empirical formula for benzene had been long known, but its highly unsaturated structure was challenging to determine. Archibald Scott Couper in 1858 and Joseph Loschmidt in 1861 suggested possible structures that contained multiple double bonds or multiple rings, but the study of aromatic compounds was in its earliest years, and too little evidence was then available to help chemists decide on any particular structure.
LC circuit

An **LC circuit** is an electronic circuit made up of an inductor and a capacitor.

LC circuit's resonant frequency is equal to:

The angular frequency ω has units of radians per second.

LC circuits are used for creating signals at a particular frequency, or picking out a signal at a particular frequency from a more complex signal. An ideal LC circuit does not have resistance.

At LC circuit energy saves in the capacitor's electric field.

U is energy and q is electric charge.
At LC circuit energy also save in the inductor's magnetic field.

U is energy and i is electric current that flows in inductor.

Let's analyze an LC circuit's vibration. Vibrating LC circuit's total energy is U.

Because circuit's  resistance is 0, there is no energy that transmits to heat energy, and U is maintained regularity.

So LC circuit's vibration is shown like that

First consider the Electrical impedance of the series LC circuit. The total impedance is given by the sum of the inductive and capacitive impedances

By writing the inductive impedance as  and capacitive impedance as

- .

Resultingly the series connected circuit, when connected to a circuit in series, will act as a band-pass filter having zero impedance at the resonant frequency of the LC circuits.

The same analysis may be applied to the parallel LC circuit. The total impedance is then given by

and after substitution of  and  we have

which simplifies to

.

Resultingly the parallel connected circuit will act as band-stop filter having infinite impedance at the resonant frequency of the LC circuit.

## Other websites

- Understanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes
Application-specific integrated circuit

**ASIC** or **Application-specific integrated circuit** is a kind of integrated circuit. It is built for a particular use instead of for general-purpose use. Digital circuits are a common form of ASIC, but analog ASICs were manufactured beginning in the latter half of the 1990s.

ASIC has advantages compared to programmable logic controller or standard logic gate IC.
1. ASIC can be smaller.
1. ASIC can improve speed.
1. ASIC needs less electric power to operate.

There are also disadvantages of ASIC.
1. the cost per a unit can be high when producing a small number of units because of the fixed cost of producing a Photomask.
1. they can be hard to design and it is expensive and wastes time if they need to be redesigned.
1. the time of a manufacturing process can be long.

## Design

Design of ASIC is gate array design, cell base design, embedded array design, standard cell design, and structured ASIC design.

**Gate array design** has elementary gate circuit at first base, (we) manufacture the products with putting ordered proper wire-layers. Manufacturing is quick because a finished product needs only production of wire-layers and it is cheap because of mass production of its foundation. However, because (we) form a circuit with formation of standard gate, it has worse contact rate and efficiency.

**Cell base design** uses wire-layer between block that was designed and arranged and logical circuit. and product is manufactured . Performance is better than gate array, but time of making cell base is longer than time of making gate array, and cost of making cell base is more expensive than cost of making gate array.

**Embedded array design** Use finished functional block were located. It was rest of theory for wired to use part of gate array. It was called that gate array and basis of cell were compromising.

**Standard cell design** is a general term for gate array, cell base, embedded array. if standard cell is cell base IC, direction is different each company.

**Structured ASIC design** uses customization of standard subsystems to speed design and production. Designers of ASIC use a hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL to describe the functionality of the design.

## Other websites

- ASIC basics tutorial
Image processing

In electrical engineering and computer science, **Image processing** is any form of processing for which the input is an image or a series of images or videos, such as photographs or frames of video. The output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. It also means "Analyzing and manipulating images with a computer".

Image processing is performed in three steps:

First, import images with an optical devices like a scanner or a camera, or make them by computer-generated imagery.

Second, manipulate or analyze the images in some way. This step can include image improvement and data summary, or the images are analyzed to find rules that aren't seen by the human eyes. For example, meteorologists use this processing to analyze satellite photographs.

Last, output the result of image processing. The result might be the image changed by some way or it might be a report based on analysis or result of the images.

In the 21st century image processing is usually "digital", but optical and analog image methods are still used.
Ogg

**Ogg** is a free, open standard format for music, video and other multimedia. It is run by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The Ogg format is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient Internet streaming and for editing of high quality digital multimedia.

The project was based on the popular AVI and Ogg formats, which at the time only supported audio. Some time ago, the OGG Vorbis format was created to change the mp3 format. To store the vorbis audio stream, the OGG Bitstream standard was developed, which was later used to store video.

Recently a big library on the internet, the Internet Archive, announced that they are going to convert many videos and other multimedia to the Ogg format as well as other formats like the proprietary Adobe Flash flv format.

## Infobox (file format)

- **name**: Ogg
- **extension**: .ogv, .oga, .ogx, .ogg
- **mime**: video/ogg, audio/ogg, application/ogg
- **magic**: OggS
- **owner**: Xiph.Org Foundation
- **creatorcode**: Chris Montgomery
- **genre**: Container format
- **container for**: Vorbis, Theora, Speex, FLAC, Dirac (codec), Dirac, and others.
Georgetown, Kentucky

**Georgetown** is a city and the county seat of Scott County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 37,086 at the 2020 census. There is a Toyota automobile plant there.

## Sister City

Georgetown has one sister city.
- Tahara, Japan
Encarta

***Encarta*** was a digital multimedia encyclopedia by Microsoft. There was a more complete version called _Encarta Premium_ made in 2008. It had more than 62,000 articles  and many photographs and illustrations. There was also music clips, videos, maps and timelines with some activity games. It also included an atlas,  and homework tools. It was available on the internet if you pay a yearly fee, or to buy on DVD-ROM, or CD-ROMs. Many articles could also be read online free of charge, a service which is paid for by advertisements.

Microsoft made similar encyclopedias under the _Encarta_ trademark in several different European languages and in Japanese.

In 2009, Encarta was discontinued with the rise in popularity of Google and online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Microsoft Encarta
- **developer**: Microsoft
- **latest release version**: Encarta Premium 2009
- **discontinued**: December 2009
- **status**: Discontinued
- **operating system**: Microsoft Windows
- **genre**: Encyclopedia
- **license**: Proprietary software, Proprietary commercial software
Islamabad (disambiguation)

**Islamabad** can refer to:
- **Islamabad** - the Federal national capital of Pakistan.
- **Islamabad Capital Territory** - a federal territory of Pakistan, includes the capital Islamabad and other areas.
- **Islamabad** - an alternative name for the city of Anantnag in Kashmir.
BMW 3 Series

**BMW 3 Series** is a car produced by BMW since 1975. It is currently in its seventh generation. The 3 Series has an M version in the form of the M3.

The 3 Series has come in multiple body styles and engine types. The 3 Series has been sold as saloons, coupés, estates, and convertibles. The 3 Series is one of the most commonly-sold vehicles in the world.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: BMW 3 Series
- **image**: 2019 BMW 330i M Sport 2.0 Front.jpg
- **manufacturer**: BMW
- **production**: 1975–present
- **class**: Compact executive car (D-segment, D)
- **predecessor**: BMW 02 Series
Vulcan (hypothetical planet)

**Vulcan** was a theoretical planet. In the 19th century, the planet was thought to orbit close to the sun. Its gravitational pull would explain changes seen between the perihelion advance of Mercury from that predicted by Classical Mechanics. The theory that Vulcan exists come from the earlier prediction that an outer planet (now Neptune) was causing similar changes in the orbit of Uranus from the orbit predicted by classical theory.

None of the searches for Vulcan found a planet. This caused some people to not agree with Newtonian theory. It led to the development of Special Relativity and General Relativity. Albert Einstein's modified theory of gravity showed why the orbit of Mercury changes without the existence of Vulcan. This disproved the theories of Vulcan.
Flag of Greece

The **flag of Greece** is rectangular with nine equal stripes of blue (5) and white (4) from left to right. In the top left corner is a blue square with a white cross. This flag has been used since 1822, when the young Greek state was fighting for its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence.

The current flag of Greece was officially adopted during the First national assembly of the Greeks at Epidaurus in 1822, and the flag with the 9 stripes was adopted as a state and military ensign (a flag used only by the government and the military, and only on ships). Another flag was chosen as a land flag, it was a simple white cross on a blue field. A third flag was adopted for the merchant fleet (a flag to be used by civilians on ships only), but it was only used for 8 years. In 1978, the ensign was chosen as the sole national flag, and it is now used by everyone on land and sea as the flag of Greece.

A different opinion states that the Greek flag is an exact duplicate of the East India Trading Company flag. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/British_East_India_Company_Flag_from_Lens.jpg

It is sometimes known in Greece as the _blue-white_, in Greek _Γαλανόλευκη_ (Galanólefki) or _Κυανόλευκη_ (Kyanólefki).

## Gallery

|width="250px" align="center"|<small>The current flag, used since 1822.</small>|width="250px" align="center"|<small>The old flag, used between 1822 and 1978.</small>|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|<small>Ensign during the monarchy.</small>|align="center"|<small>State flag during the monarchy.</small>|
|align="center"|<small>National flag during the dictatorship (1970-1974).</small>|align="center"|<small>The first design for the Greek flag, 1797.</small>|

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of the Hellenic Republic
- **image**: Flag of Greece.svg
- **nickname**: (, 'The Blue and White')
- **proportion**: 2:3
Peugeot 307

The **Peugeot 307** is a car produced by Peugeot. It replaced the 306 in June 2001 with 3 and 5-door hatchback models. In 2002, the SW estate was added and in late 2003 saw the 307 CC coupé/cabriolet launched. It was facelifted in 2005 and was replaced in 2007 by the 308. The platform of the 307 were also used for the Citroën C4. The model sold well but didn't have great reliability although it was improved with later models.

### Petrol

- _1.4_ 55 kW (75 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 65 kW (88 hp)
- _1.6 16V_ 80 kW (109 hp)
- _2.0 16V_ 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
- _2.0 16V RC_ 130 kW (177 hp)

### Diesel

- _1.4 HDi_ 50 kW (68 hp)
- _1.6 HDi_ 66 kW (90 hp) and 80 kW (109 hp)
- _2.0 HDi_ 66 kW (90 hp), 79 kW (107 hp), 80 kW (109 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
Peugeot 308

The **Peugeot 308** is a compact car produced by the French automobile manufacturer Peugeot since 2007. It replaced the Peugeot 307 in Peugeot’s lineup and is available in several body styles, including a 3-door hatchback, 5-door hatchback, and station wagon (SW). Designed as a more refined and technologically advanced successor to the 307, the 308 was built to compete in the compact car segment, rivaling models like the Volkswagen Golf, Ford Focus, and Renault Mégane.
.

## First generation

The first generation 308 replaced the Peugeot 307 in October 2007. It was facelifted in 2011.

## Second generation

The second generation 308 was launched in June 2013. It is built on the same EMP2 platform as the Citroën C4 Picasso. It ditched the CC and 3-door hatchback bodystyles.

In 2017, it got facelifted with a new front end and LED lights.

In 2020, the 308 received a new digital gauge cluster.

## Third generation

The third generation 308 was unveiled in March 18, 2021 and launched in May of the same year. It has the third generation EMP2 platform, a new retro-styled Peugeot logo, a coupe SUV variant known as the Peugeot 408, and both plug-in hybrid and fully electric variants for the first time.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Peugeot 308
- **image**: 2022_-_Peugeot_308_III_(C)_-_081.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Peugeot
- **body style**: 5-door hatchback
3-door hatchback (2008-2013)
2-door convertible (2009-2013)
4-door sedan (2011-2021)
5-door station wagon
- **platform**: PSA PF2 platform (2007-2013)
PSA EMP2 platform (2014-present)
- **production**: October 2007-present
- **related**: Citroën C4
Opel Astra
- **predecessor**: Peugeot 307


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: First generation
- **image**: Peugeot_308_5-Türer_front.JPG
- **body style**: 5-door hatchback
3-door hatchback
2-door convertible
4-door sedan
5-door station wagon
- **platform**: PSA PF2 platform
- **production**: October 2007-2013
- **related**: Citroën C4
Peugeot RCZ
- **predecessor**: Peugeot 307


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Second generation
- **image**: Peugeot_308_82_VTi_Active_(II)_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht,_4._Januar_2014,_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg
- **body style**: 5-door hatchback
4-door sedan
5-door station wagon
- **platform**: PSA EMP2 platform
- **production**: June 2013-May 2021
- **related**: Citroën C4


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Third generation
- **image**: File:2022_-_Peugeot_308_III_(C)_-_081.jpg
- **body style**: 5-door hatchback
5-door station wagon
- **platform**: PSA EMP2 platform
- **production**: September 2021-present
Custard cream

A **custard cream** is a type of biscuit which is popular in the United Kingdom. It looks like a biscuit sandwich with a cream center.

Like the American Hydrox or Oreo, the custard cream can be eaten by twisting the two biscuits apart and eating the center first.

## Other websites

- Custard cream  review from nicecupofteaandasitdown.com
Bay Minette, Alabama

**Bay Minette** is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. According to the 2020 census, its population was 8,107. The city is the county seat of Baldwin County.

## Geography

Bay Minette is located at  (30.883446, -87.777183).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .  (0.44%) is water.

## Notable residents

- Todd Grisham, sports announcer for World Wrestling Entertainment and Fox Soccer Channel
- Joe M. Rodgers, United States Ambassador to France
- Scotty Joe Weaver, hate crime victim featured in the documentary Small Town Gay Bar
- Wallace Gilberry, Defensive End for the 2Kansas City Chiefs
- William Conrad Burford,
RebelX

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bay Minette, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Rhodes Store Bay Minette June 2013 1.jpg
- **image caption**: Historic Rhodes Store of Bay Minette
- **image map**: File:Baldwin County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Bay Minette Highlighted 0104660.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Bay Minette in Baldwin County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Baldwin County, Alabama, Baldwin
- **area total km2**: 44.91
- **area total sq mi**: 17.34
- **area land km2**: 44.71
- **area land sq mi**: 17.26
- **area water km2**: 0.20
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08
- **elevation ft**: 269
- **elevation m**: 82
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 8107
- **population density sq mi**: 469.64
- **population density km2**: 181.33
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36507
- **area code**: Area code 251, 251
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-04660
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0113588
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Bakerhill, Alabama

**Bakerhill** or **Baker Hill** is a town in Barbour County, Alabama, United States, near Eufaula.  According to the 2020 census, the city had a population of 211. Although it existed as an unincorporated village since before 1860, the city was officially incorporated in 1997.

## Geography

Bakerhill is located at 31.88 degrees north, 85.15 degrees west (31.88495, -85.15390).
Computer model

A computer-based predictive **model** is a computer program that is designed to simulate what might or what did happen in a situation. They are used in many ways including in astronomy, economics and sciences such as physics and biology. Computer models are used in fields such as earthquake performance simulation and making models of buildings.

Well known areas which use computer models:
- Models of the atmosphere for weather forecasts and to predict climate change
- Aerodynamics via fluid dynamics simulation
- Agent-based modelling is used to simulate social interactions in artificial Intelligence

Computer modelling often uses numerical analysis to approximate the real solution of the problem. Simulation techniques are then used to get values. Numerical weather predictions are too inaccurate to give a good local prediction of the weather, so other methods are used to adjust them.
River Irwell

The **River Irwell** is a river which flows through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in North West England. It is  long. The start of the river is at Irwell Springs on Deerplay Moor, about  north of the town of Bacup, in the parish of Cliviger, Lancashire.  The Irwell flows through  the city centres of Manchester and Salford, before joining the River Mersey near Irlam.

## Other websites

- History of the Mersey and Irwell Navigation (Old Quay Company)
- Salford Quays virtual tour
- The Transport Archive: Canal archive: Mersey and Irwell Navigation
- Pennine Waterways: Images of the River Irwell Navigation

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: River Irwell
- **image**: Irwell, Salford.jpg
- **image caption**: The River Irwell at Salford, Greater Manchester, Salford, looking towards Manchester city centre
- **map**: Map of River irwell.png
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type2**: Countries of the United Kingdom, Constituent country
- **subdivision name2**: England
- **subdivision type3**: Region
- **subdivision name3**: North West England
- **discharge1 location**: Adelphi Weir
- **source1**: Irwell Springs
- **source1 location**: Deerplay Moor, Cliviger, Lancashire
- **mouth**: River Mersey
- **mouth location**: Manchester Ship Canal, Salford, Greater Manchester, Salford
- **tributaries left**: River Croal, Croal
- **tributaries right**: River Roch, Roch, River Irk, Irk, River Medlock, Medlock
The Club (Nickelodeon)

***Nicktropolis*** was a virtual world made for children aged six to fourteen.

## History

Building of _Nicktropolis_ started in November 2004. It went into testing by late 2005, and was given out to members by January 6, 2007. The game opened to all people on January 30, 2007. It ended due to the new Nickelodeon update and the Nickelodeon message board has been shut down too.

## Other websites

- _Nicktropolis_ website

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: The Club
- **caption**: The site's design as of August 2009, as _Nicktropolis_.
- **url**: [http://www.nick.com/club Nick.com/Club]
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Online games
- **language**: English
- **registration**: Preferred, but not required
- **owner**: Nickelodeon (TV channel), Nickelodeon
- **author**: Nickelodeon
- **launch date**: January 30, 2008
- **current status**: Closed
Bessemer, Alabama

**Bessemer** is a city in southwestern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a suburb of Birmingham near Hueytown. The population was 26,019 at the 2020 census.

## Notable residents

- Neil Bonnett, NASCAR driver
- Alex Bradford, composer, singer, arranger, and choir director
- Mildred Brown, journalist
- Earl Cochran Jr., NFL player
- Thornton Dial, African-American folk artist
- Virginia Hill, actress, mob courier and girlfriend of Bugsy Siegel
- Frank House, born in Bessemer, major league baseball player
- Bo Jackson, NFL football and MLB baseball player
- Kerry Rhodes, NFL player
- Diana Ross, singer
- Demeco Ryans, NFL player
- Glenn Shadix, American actor
- Sun Ra, Avant-garde jazz musician and metaphysical progressive
- Tim Ward, philanthropist
- Corey White, NFL player
- Jack Whitten, abstract painter
- Andre Williams, singer and producer

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bessemer, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: The Marvel City
- **image map**: Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Bessemer Highlighted 0105980.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Bessemer in Jefferson County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1889
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 105.05
- **area land km2**: 104.51
- **area water km2**: 0.54
- **area total sq mi**: 40.56
- **area land sq mi**: 40.35
- **area water sq mi**: 0.21
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 26019
- **population density km2**: 248.96
- **population density sq mi**: 644.80
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 509
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35020-35023
- **area codes**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-05980
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403864
Brent, Alabama

**Brent** is a city in Bibb County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,972.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Brent
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: Proven by Tempest
- **image map**: File:Bibb County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Brent Highlighted 0109136.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Brent in Bibb County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Bibb County, Alabama, Bibb
- **area total sq mi**: 8.83
- **area land sq mi**: 8.80
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **elevation ft**: 240
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2972
- **population density sq mi**: 337.69
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35034
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205, 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-09136
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0159248
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 22.87
- **area land km2**: 22.79
- **area water km2**: 0.08
- **population density km2**: 130.38
Boaz, Alabama

**Boaz** is a city in Etowah and Marshall Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The city is named after the husband of Ruth, from the Book of Ruth in the Bible. It is part of the 'Gadsden, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area'. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 10,107.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Boaz, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: City of Possibilities
- **image skyline**: BOAZ, ALABAMA.JPG
- **image caption**: Boaz in 2012
- **image map**: File:Etowah County and Marshall County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Boaz Highlighted 0107912.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Etowah and Marshall counties, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Marshall County, Alabama, Marshall, Etowah County, Alabama, Etowah
- **established date**: 1897
- **area total km2**: 37.85
- **area total sq mi**: 14.61
- **area land km2**: 37.68
- **area land sq mi**: 14.55
- **area water km2**: 0.16
- **area water sq mi**: 0.06
- **elevation ft**: 1073
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 10107
- **population density km2**: 268.2
- **population density sq mi**: 694.64
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35957, 35956
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-07912
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403886
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Bridgeport, Alabama

**Bridgeport** is a small city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. At the time of 2020 census, the population was 2,264. Bridgeport is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bridgeport
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Bridgeport-Depot-al1.jpg
- **image caption**: Bridgeport Depot
- **image map**: File:Jackson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Bridgeport Highlighted 0109328.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Bridgeport in Jackson County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jackson County, Alabama, Jackson
- **area total km2**: 11.54
- **area total sq mi**: 4.46
- **area land km2**: 11.21
- **area land sq mi**: 4.33
- **area water km2**: 0.33
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **elevation ft**: 673
- **elevation m**: 205
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2264
- **population density km2**: 201.96
- **population density sq mi**: 523.11
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35740
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-09328
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0114905
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Brewton, Alabama

**Brewton** is a city in Escambia County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 5,276. The city is the county seat of Escambia County.

## Government

The city government consists of mayor who is elected at large and five member city council who are each elected from a district.

## Education

Schools in the Brewton City School System:
- Brewton Elementary School, on Douglas Ave.
- Brewton Middle School, on Liles Blvd.
- T. R. Miller High School, on Douglas Ave.

Brewton is home to Jefferson Davis Community College, a small postsecondary school that primarily gives associate's degrees.

## Culture and special events

The annual Alabama Blueberry Festival is held at Burnt Corn Creek Park and downtown Brewton.

The Thomas E. McMillan Museum is on the campus of the Jefferson Davis Community College.

## Notable natives or residents

- Wayne Frazier, pro football player, Auburn University,
- Teddy Keaton, Football coach, Stillman College
- Kevin Sumlin, Football coach, Texas A&M Aggies football

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Brewton, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Brewton Commercial Historic District Oct 2014 1.jpg
- **image caption**: Brewton Commercial Historic District
- **image map**: File:Escambia County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Brewton Highlighted 0109208.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Brewton in Escambia County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Escambia County, Alabama, Escambia
- **area total km2**: 29.87
- **area total sq mi**: 11.53
- **area land km2**: 29.26
- **area land sq mi**: 11.30
- **area water km2**: 0.61
- **area water sq mi**: 0.24
- **elevation m**: 25
- **elevation ft**: 82
- **population total**: 5276
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 180.33
- **population density sq mi**: 467.07
- **area code**: Area code 251, 251
- **website**: http://www.cityofbrewton.org/
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-09208
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0157900
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Brighton, Alabama

**Brighton** is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,337.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Brighton
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Brighton Highlighted 0109400.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Brighton in Jefferson County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson
- **area total sq mi**: 1.42
- **area land sq mi**: 1.42
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 515
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2337
- **population density sq mi**: 1651.59
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35020
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-09400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403925
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.66
- **area land km2**: 3.66
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population density km2**: 637.81
Brighton (disambiguation)

**Brighton** is a city in East Sussex.

**Brighton** may also mean:

### Australia

- Brighton, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane
- Brighton, South Australia, a coastal suburb of Adelaide
- Brighton, Tasmania
- Brighton, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne
- Brighton-Le-Sands, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney

### Canada

- Brighton, Newfoundland and Labrador
- Brighton, Ontario

### New Zealand

- Brighton, New Zealand, Otago region

### United States

- Brighton, Alabama
- Brighton, Colorado
- Brighton Seminole Indian Reservation, Florida
- Brighton, Illinois
- Brighton Park, Chicago, Illinois
- Brighton, Indiana
- Brighton, Iowa
- Brighton, Boston, Massachusetts, a section of the city of Boston
- Brighton Plantation, Maine
- Brighton, Baltimore, Maryland
- Brighton, Michigan
- Brighton, Missouri
- Brighton, Monroe County, New York
- Brighton, Franklin County, New York
- Brighton, Syracuse, New York
- Brighton, Ohio
- Brighton, Tennessee
- Brighton, Vermont
- Brighton, Kenosha County, Wisconsin
- Brighton, Marathon County, Wisconsin
- Brighton Ski Resort, Utah
- Brighton High School (Utah)
East Brewton, Alabama

**East Brewton** is a city in Escambia County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, 2,293 people lived there.

## Other websites

- East Brewton Official Website
- Escambia County, Alabama Official Website
- Escambia County, Alabama Schools Official Website
- Brewton City Schools Official Website 

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: East Brewton
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Escambia County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas East Brewton Highlighted 0122216.svg
- **map caption**: Location of East Brewton in Escambia County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Escambia County, Alabama, Escambia
- **area total km2**: 8.92
- **area total sq mi**: 3.44
- **area land km2**: 8.83
- **area land sq mi**: 3.41
- **area water km2**: 0.09
- **area water sq mi**: 0.04
- **elevation ft**: 98
- **elevation m**: 30
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2293
- **population density km2**: 259.79
- **population density sq mi**: 672.83
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36426-36427
- **area code**: Area code 251, 251
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-22216
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0117739
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Brundidge, Alabama

**Brundidge** is a city in Pike County, Alabama, USA. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 2,341.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Brundidge
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Pike County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Brundidge Highlighted 0110240.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Brundidge in Pike County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Pike County, Alabama, Pike
- **area total km2**: 25.32
- **area total sq mi**: 9.78
- **area land km2**: 25.24
- **area land sq mi**: 9.75
- **area water km2**: 0.08
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **elevation ft**: 472
- **elevation m**: 144
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2073
- **population density km2**: 82.13
- **population density sq mi**: 212.70
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36010
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-10240
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0115032
- **website**: http://www.brundidge.org/
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Elba, Alabama

**Elba** is a city in Coffee County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 3,508. The city is the county seat of Coffee County.

## Education

Public Education is provided by the Elba City Public School District. There are two schools in the city:
- Elba High School (grades 7 through 12)
- Elba Elementary School (grades K through 6)

## Media

- Radio stations
- WELB 1350 AM  (Classic Country and Southern Gospel)
- WVVL 101.1 FM (Country)

## Notable residents

- James E. "Big Daddy" Folsom, only Coffee County native to become governor of Alabama.
- Ronald McKinnon, National Football League player.
- Cornelia Ellis Wallace(1939–2009), the second wife of Governor George C. Wallace, Jr. and the First Lady of Alabama from 1971–1978.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Elba, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Coffee County Courthouse.jpg
- **image caption**: Coffee County Courthouse in Elba
- **nickname**: The City of Flowing Wells
- **image map**: File:Coffee County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Elba Highlighted 0123296.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Elba in Coffee County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Coffee County, Alabama, Coffee
- **established title1**: Settled
- **established date1**: Early 1830s
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: April 13, 1853
- **area total km2**: 39.93
- **area total sq mi**: 15.42
- **area land km2**: 39.73
- **area land sq mi**: 15.34
- **area water km2**: 0.21
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08
- **elevation ft**: 194
- **elevation m**: 59
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3508
- **population density km2**: 88.31
- **population density sq mi**: 228.71
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36323
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-23296
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0117908
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **image flag**: Flag of Elba, Alabama.svg
Coffee County, Alabama

**Coffee County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of General John Coffee.  As of 2020 the population was 53,465.  Its county seats are Elba and Enterprise.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.2%) is water.

### Major highways

- U.S. Highway 84
- State Route 27
- State Route 51
- State Route 87
- State Route 88
- State Route 92
- State Route 134

### Border counties

- Pike County (north)
- Dale County (east)
- Geneva County (south)
- Covington County (west)
- Crenshaw County (northwest)

## Cities and towns

- Elba
- Enterprise (part - part of Enterprise is in Dale County)
- Kinston
- New Brockton

## Unincorporated communities

- Alberton
- Basin
- Battens Crossroads
- Bluff Springs
- Brooklyn
- Central City
- Chesnut Grove
- Clintonville
- Clowers Crossroads
- Coppinville
- Curtis
- Damascus
- Danleys Crossroads
- Frisco
- Goodman
- Ino
- Jack
- Java
- Keyton
- Lowry Mill
- Newby
- Perry Store
- Pine Level
- Rhoades
- Richburg
- Roeton
- Shady Grove
- Tabernacle
- Turner Crossroads
- Victoria
- Wilkinstown
- Zoar

## Notable people

- Jim Folsom, governor of Alabama from 1947 to 1951 and 1955 to 1959, was born in Coffee County.
- Coffee is the hometown of Major League Baseball superstar Alex Rios
- Coffee County is home to "The Dancing Ghost" of Grancer Harrison, featured in the book _13 Alabama Ghosts and Jeffrey._

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Coffee County
- **state**: Alabama
- **founded year**: 1841
- **founded date**: December 29
- **seat**: Elba, Alabama, Elba (_de facto_)
Enterprise, Alabama, Enterprise (annex)
- **largest city**: Enterprise
- **area total sq mi**: 680
- **area land sq mi**: 679
- **area water sq mi**: 1.5
- **area percentage**: 0.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 53465
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: http://www.coffeecounty.us
- **ex image**: Coffee County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Original Coffee County Courthouse (Elba)
- **named for**: John Coffee