juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shorts

**Shorts** are short length trousers or pants that reach only to the upper part of the legs or more, but do not cover the entire leg. They are worn by both men and women.  Shorts are worn either as outer garments or as underwear. They are called "shorts" because they are a shortened version of _trousers_ (as they are called in British English, or _pants_ in American English) which cover the entire leg.

Why people wear shorts:
- Fashion  appearance, attractiveness
- Practical  cool, light weight, allows for ease of movement; sportswear
- Uniform  decided by the organisation the wearer belongs to

## Types

There are many types of shorts:

- Boxer shorts: Shorts mainly used as male underwear. Some years ago, this term also related to a basic style male short.
- Track shorts: Shorts that reach only the upper thigh and are intended to give maximum freedom of movement in sports activities.
- Walking shorts: Shorts with a long pant length reaching to the knees. They are intended for casual wear in warm weather.
- Cut-offs: Homemade shorts made by cutting the legs off trousers
- Hotpants: Commonly known as "short shorts" and are mostly worn by women. These are short, tight shorts. They are usually made out of cotton, nylon, or some other common material.
- "Bun huggers": Short, tight, athletic shorts also known as "racing briefs". They are usually made from _spandex_ and/or nylon. These shorts are commonly used for some adult athletic events such as volleyball.
- "Skorts": Shorts that have a piece of fabric in front so that from the front it looks like a skirt. It is a portmanteau of "_sk_irt" and "sh_orts_".
- "Zip-off shorts": A pair of long pants that zip off at the knee. They allow the wearer to change from pants to shorts as the weather changes.
- Board shorts: A combination of shorts and a bathing suit worn by men. They have recently gained in popularity.
- Three quarter pants: A name used to refer to other types of shorts such as _Shants_ or _Shankles_.
- "Capris": Shorts that reach below the knee.
- Baggies: Loose fitting shorts which reach the knees.
- Cycling shorts: Special shorts designed for athletic use, originally in cycling.
- Bermuda shorts: A knee-length shorts commonly worn in Bermuda as business attire, or largely any style less than formal.
- Cargo shorts: Typically khaki shorts with cargo pockets, similar to cargo pants, except they are around knee-length.
- Boyshorts: Similar to boxer briefs, but for females.
- Jorts: Jean shorts using denim fabric.
- Lederhosen: Traditional German leather shorts.
Swimsuit

A **swimsuit**, **bathing suit** (sometimes shortened to bathers), or **swimming suit** (sometimes shortened to cozzie) is clothing designed for women to be worn for swimming.

**The female swimsuits** are a pair of one-piece swimsuit or bikini worn for swimming or bathing.

In New Zealand English and some areas of Australian English, swimsuits are usually called **togs**. This term is less common in other parts of the English-speaking world where it may refer to clothes in general. Swimsuits can be skin-tight or loosely fitting. They range from garments designed to preserve as much modesty as possible to garments designed to reveal as much of the body as possible without actual nudity. They are often lined with a fabric that prevents them from becoming transparent when wet.

Bacteria grow well on wet or damp swimsuits. For this reason people should change rapidly from a wet swimsuit to a dry one. Doctors also say that for this reason sharing unwashed swimsuits is s bad idea.

### Womens' swimsuits

|Image|Name|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||One-piece swimsuit|One-piece swimsuit is intended to create a more streamlined shape, enabling the water to move over your body with less resistance.||
||Bikini|Bikinis can provide a comfortable and breathable option for swimming and sunbathing||
||Tankini|||
||Burqini|Usually worn by Muslim women||

### List of Female Swimsuit Piece Numbers

|Female Swimsuit|Piece Number|
| --- | --- |
|Swimsuit|1|
|Bikini|2|
Pangram

**Pangrams** are sentences that have one or more of every letter in an alphabet. They are used to show every letter in a font, or to test a keyboard or typewriter.

The most common example in English is "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog".
Binary

**Binary** is a base 2 number system. It is called base 2 because there are only 2 digits: 0 and 1. Decimal also has the digits 0 and 1, so a subscript "(2)" is usually added to binary numbers to not confuse people.

Computers work in binary, because it is the simplest way to store information using electricity. A wire can be powered on to represent a 1, or powered off to represent a 0. Large sets of binary numbers can be used by computers to represent other types of information, such as text, songs, or videos.

## Number system

When being introduced to binary numbers, it helps to go back and think about how decimal numbers work. A single-digit number can only go from 0 to 9, and people often need to use larger numbers than that. So, we add another digit, and say that it counts tens instead of ones. Another digit counts hundreds, then another counts thousands, and so on.

Binary is the same. A single-digit number can only go from 0 to 1, so we add another digit that counts twos instead of ones, then another that counts fours, then eights, and so on.

For example, let's look at the number 1101 in decimal and binary. In decimal, the number means "add one thousand, one hundred, one". In binary, the number means "add one eight, one four, one". Therefore, 1101 in binary is equal to 13 in decimal.

## Computers

All computers use binary at the lowest level. Most hard memory, like compact discs and DVDs, use binary to represent large files.

With computers, eight binary bits together is called a _byte_. The size of files is commonly measured in _kilobytes_ or _megabytes_ (sometimes in _gigabytes_). A kilobyte is 1000 bytes. A megabyte is 1000 kilobytes, a gigabyte is 1000 megabytes and a terabyte is 1000 gigabytes. Sometimes, it is easier to measure bytes in groups of 1024, since 1024 is a power of 2. There are 1024 bytes in a _kibibyte_, 1024 kibibytes in a _mebibyte_, and 1024 mebibytes in a _gibibyte_.
Electronic

**Electronic** could mean:
- Electronics, devices or parts of devices using electrical signals
- Electronic music or electronica
- Electron configuration in an atom or molecule
- Video game company Electronic Arts
Common loon

The **great Northern diver** or **common loon** is a bird. It belongs to the diver family of birds. Adult birds are between 70 and 90 cm in length, and have wingspans of 1.20 metres to 1.50 metres.

The Great Northern Loon breeds in North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Scotland. This species winters on sea coasts or on large lakes of south Europe and the United States, and south to northwestern areas of Africa.

This species, like all divers, is a specialist fish-eater.  It catches its prey underwater, diving as deep as 200 feet (60 m). Freshwater diets include pike, perch,  sunfish, trout, and bass; salt-water diets consist oinclude rock fish, flounder, sea trout, and herring.

The female lays 1 to 3 eggs on a hollowed-out mound of dirt and vegetation very close to water. Both parents build the nest, sit on the egg or eggs, and feed the young.

It is the state bird of Minnesota, a U.S. state, and as of 2024, also appears on its seal.
Limit

A **limit** can be:
- A limit in mathematics:
    - Limit of a function
    - Limit of a sequence
    - Limit superior and limit inferior
    - Limit of a net
    - Limit point
    - A limit in category theory

- A constraint (mathematical, physical, economical, legal, etc.) as an inequality:
    - Chandrasekhar limit
    - Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit
    - Budget constraint
    - Speed limit
    - Age of consent
    - Limits of BDSM behavior

- An extreme value or boundary:
    - High frequency limit

- In music the limit in just intonation

- Limit Break are powerful techniques in the Final Fantasy series

- Limit (Heide-Park), a roller coaster at Heide-Park, Soltau, Germany
Ziziphus mauritiana

***Ziziphus mauritiana*** (or **Indian jujube**) is a type of fruit tree. It is most often found in south-east Asia, usually India.
Azuki bean

The **azuki bean** is a type of reddish-brown colored bean. It can also be spelled **adzuki**. The bean is grown in East Asia and the Himalayas. It is often boiled in sugar to make a red bean paste. This paste is used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cooking. Azuki beans are eaten in many places in the world.  Especially, azuki beans are used in sweet meals, snacks and dishes in Japan, China, Korea and Vietnam. Azuki beans have a long and varied history and there are many recipes.

## History and origin

_Azuki_ beans are very famous red beans in Japan.  Excavations suggest that people have been eating _Azuki_ beans since the Jomon period.  At that time, _Azuki_ beans were called "_shozu_".

_Azuki_ beans have been grown since the _Yayoi_  period.  The first time the word "_Azuki_" was used was in the book "_Koziki_".  Old Japanese said "_Aka_" for red.  And _Azuki_ beans were called "_zuki_" because _ Azuki_ beans get soft when they are boiled.  "_Aka_" plus "_zuki_" is "_Azuki_" and this is the origin of _Azuki_ bean's name.  Another _Azuki_ beans has many origins.

_Azuki_ beans are red, so many old people believed _Azuki_ beans were a good luck charm. _Azuki_ beans were used in many events and ceremonies in Japan, China and Korea.  In the _Edo_ period, people made rice mixed with _Azuki_
beans.  This was called sekihan and many people gave _sekihan_ at ceremonies. _Azuki_ beans were used as medicine, because _Azuki_ beans are nutritious.  Now many people eat _sekihan_ when there are ceremonies in Japan. In addition _Azuki_ beans are used in many Japanese cakes, Many sweets use _Azuki_ raw materials for the taste and colour.  So _Azuki_ beans are closely related to Japanese life from ancient times.

## Azuki bean jam

Azuki beans make bean jam. A sweet porridge of boiled and crushed azuki beans are eaten with rice-flour dumplings. Oval-shaped sweets are made from glutinous rice and covered with azuki bean. Bean-jam pancakes and bean-jam filled buns are also popular snacks. Azuki beans are also used in pillows and beanbags.

### Recipe

First, the azuki beans are boiled until the azuki skin stretches. The beans are then put into a perforated basket. Next, the azuki are boiled again for a short time to remove harshness. They are again put into perforated basket to drain. While they are draining, a big pan for steaming is prepared. The azuki are put in the pan and covered with a lid. The azuki beans are steamed and then heat is turned off. After steaming you have azuki bean mash, which is then dried on a cloth. The next step is putting them back in a pan to bring to a hot temperature. The azuki are taken out of the pan which is hot from flame. Sugar is added.  The sugar and azuki are mixed and the water from the azuki is left. Finally, the azuki is cooled. When the beans are cold, it is finished.

Azuki bean jam is used in many foods. For example, a fish-shaped waffle is filled with azuki bean jam. Azuki bean jam foods are famous in Japan, and they are eaten by many Japanese.
Jalapeño

The **jalapeño** is a type of Mexican pepper. It is a form of the Chili pepper. It is pronounced _hala-PAYN-nyo_ or _hala-PEE-nyo._ It is named after the city of Xalapa, which is the capital of the Mexican state of Veracruz. A chipotle is a smoked, dried jalapeño. The jalapeño is a reasonably spicy pepper, rated at between 2,500 and 8,000 scoville. It is commonly sold in Mexico, and the southern United States, where it is used for cooking.

Jalapeños production is for about 30% of Mexican chili production.

## Other websites

- http://img.tfd.com/hm/prons/J0011550.wav - audio pronunciation
- http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/html/medium_peppers.html
Gooseberry

A **gooseberry** is a type of fruit, specifically a berry, and they belong to the same family as the currant. They have a greenish colour, although they darken to a purplish-red as they ripen. Gooseberries look similar to ungrown clementines, and the skin is covered in little hairs. Gooseberries are sometimes informally called goosegogs in the British Isles, although this term is not as common in the present day. Often, gooseberries are made into jams and preserves, but can be consumed in a variety of ways such as in baked goods or eaten straight off the bush. They have a taste and texture that is similar to grapes, albeit more acidic; they are sour when they are green and become sweeter as they turn red/purple.
Quince

The **quince** is a fruit that grows on small trees. It is in the same family as apples and pears. It starts green colored and then ripens to a bright golden yellow color, and looks like a bumpy lemon.

The quince fruit is too hard to eat.  It can be cooked to make it soft, or it can be left out on purpose to rot.  If it is damaged by frost, that helps start the process of making it soft and good to eat.  Quinces are mainly used for making jelly and jam. The interior of a quince is white when it is raw, but it becomes pinkish orange when it is cooked.
Açaí palm

The **Açaí palm** (**Assai palm**) is a type of palm tree. There are seven different types of  Açaí palms. The tree grows in Central and South America. It has a black-purple fruit about the size of a grape called a _euterpe_. The seed inside is very big. The fruit grows in bunches of 700 to 900 fruits.

The palms are mainly used for two things: First, salads called palmitos (heart of palm) can be made from the leaves; for this, the tree needs to be cut down. Secondly, the fruits can be made into a fruit juice that is said to be very healthy.

## Other websites

- Pictures of Açaí palms trees and fruit  from an article by The Nature Conservancy.
- University of Florida study confirms that açaí berries contain antioxidants that destroyed cultured human cancer cells
- Jewelry made from Açaí seeds
Pole

**Pole** could mean:

## Geography

- Geographical pole, on the axis of a rotating body
    - North Pole, on Earth, in the Arctic
    - South Pole, on Earth, in the Antarctic
- Third Pole (Kashmir), the largest glacier outside the polar regions
- Poles, people from the country of Poland

## Things

- A solid cylindrical object with length greater than its diameter e.g.:
    - Utility pole, such as a telephone pole or telegraph pole
    - Barber's pole, advertising a barber shop

- Poles used in sporting and other activities:
    - Spinnaker pole, used in sailing
    - The pole used for pole vaulting
    - Ski pole, used to help balance when skiing
- Pole position, in motorsport
- The contacts in a switch
- A unit of length also known as a rod
- Walking stick sometimes called a walking pole

## Science and mathematics

- Magnetic pole
- One "half" of a dipole
- In the polar coordinate system, points are given by an angle and a distance from the pole, or central point equivalent to the origin in the Cartesian coordinate system

## Other

- Penis (slang)
Punt (boat)

A **punt** is a flat boat with a broad front. It is designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. **Punting** means boating in a punt. The punter pushes a pole against the river bed (the bottom of the river) and this gives the punt a way to move.

Punts were originally built as cargo boats or platforms. They were for shooting at birds and fishing. In modern times they are mostly used for pleasure trips on the rivers in the university towns of Oxford and Cambridge in England. There are also races at summer regattas on the Thames.

## Punt poles

Poles for pleasure punts are normally made of spruce, or aluminium. A normal pole is about 12–16 feet (4–5 m) long and weighs about 10 lb (5 kg). In Oxford and Cambridge 16 ft long poles are sometimes used.

The bottom of the pole has a metal "shoe", a rounded lump of metal to protect the end. The shoe is sometimes made in the shape of a swallow tail.

### Clubs

- Thames Valley Skiff Club, retrieved November 2018
- Sunbury Regatta, retrieved November 2018
- Wraysbury Skiff and Punting Club , retrieved November 2018
- Dittons Skiff & Punting Club, retrieved November 2018
- The Skiff Club, retrieved November 2018

### Punting stations

- Cherwell Boathouse, Oxford, retrieved November 2018
- Scudamore's Punting, Cambridge, retrieved November 2018
- Rutherford's Punting Cambridge, retrieved November 2018
- Punting on the Thames, retrieved November 2018

### Further information

- A Thames Library, retrieved November 2018
- A detailed non-commercial guide to punting (and other boating) on the Thames, retrieved November 2018
- The Scudamore's guide to punting in Cambridge, retrieved November 2018
- Daily Info guide to punting in Oxford, retrieved November 2018

### Punting around the world

- In Christchurch, New Zealand
- In Tübingen, Germany
- In the Spreewald in Germany
- On the Mutha River, India
- On the Marais Poitevin, France
- In Botswana
Horizontal

**Horizontal** is a direction perpendicular to the vertical. That is, it goes in all directions except up and down.  The term comes from the horizon.
Moat

A **moat** is a body of water around a castle or town to keep people out. The moat was introduced between 1154 and 1485. At first, moats were simple and used only for protection. Later on, moats became more complicated and were used for show.

Moats are deep, wide ditches filled with water. They were usually built near sources of water that flowed into the moats, filling them with water. The moats were filled with water for a few reasons. It made enemies swimming across the moat easy targets. It also made it impossible for enemies to dig underneath the castle walls, which was a common method of attack. It also prevented fires from destroying the castle.

## Origin

The word _moat_ comes from the French word _motte_, which means hill. Moats were first used in the Medieval period, from 1016 to 1164. Castles were built on the top of high hills. The area at the bottom of the hill was eventually called the moat.

## Usage

Castle moats were usually between 5 and 40 feet deep, and they were not always filled with water. Not all moats contained water, as a simple dry, wide ditch could prove an obstacle. These were called dry moats.

In many stories, moats are filled with alligators or crocodiles. This is a myth. However, moats were sometimes filled with fish or eels for food.
Filter (internet)

A **filter** is a website feature that removes some kinds of content.

## Overview

A filter can be used to stop the user from viewing the unwanted content. It can also stop the user from posting content the site does not want. Internet filters most often work by stopping certain words from being used. Filters to stop other content, such as certain types of pictures, can also be used. A filter can be used to stop only a certain kind of user from seeing the content, children, for example.

## Applications

Filters are very common in email systems. Online games, usually children's games, sometimes have filters. Wikis have filters, too. In the US, there is a filter used with TV called the V-chip. Sometimes parents use it when they want to control what their children are allowed to watch. The items that a filter might be used to remove can include:

- Threat
- Violence
- Swear words
- Pornography
- A certain topic, like a religion
Online and offline

"**Online**" and "**offline**" are terms used in telecommunications. If a computer or a user is connected to the Internet, it is said to be "online". A website, for example, is online, because it is on the Internet.

If something is not online, it is said to be "offline". If a system is offline, it is in a disconnected state.

Online can also mean that something is set up correctly and ready to what it is supposed to do. For example:

- A computer printer is online if it has electricity, is turned on, is connected to the computer and has paper in it. Once each of those things is true, then the printer is online and ready to print.
- A government program is online when it has the equipment and people it needs to do whatever job it was created to do.

## Related pages

- Computer networking
- Online game
Snowman

A **snowman** is a statue of a person made of snow. Snowmen are usually made when people make three balls of snow that are different sizes.(In Japan, snowmen are made by two snowballs) They will stack the balls on top of each other to make a snowman, and stick some things in it to make it look more like a person like a scarf, pebbles, buttons and a carrot (for the nose).

The biggest snowman in the US was built on February 26, 2008, which was 122 feet and 1 inch long.
Sand castle

**Sand castles** are models of castles made of sand and water. The making of sand castles is part of an  art called sand sculpture. Sand castles are often made on a sandy beach or in a sandpit. When sand is damp, the surface tension of the water pulls the sand grains together. When the sand is too wet or too dry, the castle collapses.
Utility pole

A **utility pole**, **telegraph pole**, **telephone pole**, **power pole**, or **telegraph post** is a post or pole upon which telephone network equipment is situated. Similar poles are often used for electricity cables (with pylons being used for only the higher voltage applications) and frequently a pole will share both power and communications lines. Telegraph poles first became commonplace in the middle 19th century. At first they had only one wire, then in urban areas many. In Canada, the poles are commonly referred to as **hydro poles**, as the electric companies commonly have "Hydro" in their name.

Utility poles are usually wooden, but vary greatly from nation to nation. Other common utility pole materials are steel and concrete, with composites (fibreglass) becoming used more often. In some countries, for example the UK, poles have sets of brackets arranged in a standard pattern up the pole to act as hand and foot holds for those working on the equipment or connections atop the pole.

## Other websites

- Lots of photographs
- Photographs of Various U.S. Utility Poles
- Hungarian Telephone Poles
- Utility Poles
High School Musical

***High School Musical*** is a 2006 Disney television movie, starring Zac Efron, Vanessa Anne Hudgens, Ashley Tisdale, Corbin Bleu, Monique Coleman and Lucas Grabeel. Its sequel is _High School Musical 2_.

This film is produced by Salty Pictures and First Street Films.

The story is set in New Mexico. It is about two high school students, Troy Bolton, who is captain of his school's basketball team, and Gabriella Montez, a shy new student who is good in mathematics and science. Together, they try out for the lead parts in their high school musical. Despite other students' attempts to foil their dreams, Troy and Gabriella persist and inspire others along the way. They also make new friends.

## Other websites

- Official website
- High School Musical news
Redcurrant

A **redcurrant** (_Ribes rubrum_) is a type of fruit. It is related to the blackcurrant. They are in the same genus _Ribes_. They can be found growing in the wild in western Europe (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany and northern Italy).

The redcurrant is more tart than the blackcurrant. Redcurrants are used in jams and other cooked foods.
Alex Trebek

**George Alexander** "**Alex**" **Trebek**  (July 22, 1940 – November 8, 2020) was a Canadian-American television game show host. He hosted _Jeopardy!_ for 37 seasons from 1984 until his death in 2020. He was born in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1998. In March 2019, Trebek announced that he had been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. He died from the disease more than a year and a half later on November 8, 2020 in Los Angeles, aged 80. The same disease previously affected his predecessor on _Jeopardy!_, Art Fleming, 25 years earlier. He had been contracted to host _Jeopardy!_ until 2022.

Following Trebek's death, a series of guest hosts filled in for Trebek for the remainder of season 37 of _Jeopardy!_ (his final season). On July 27, 2022, it was announced that Mayim Bialik and Ken Jennings will succeed Trebek as the permanent hosts of _Jeopardy!_ after alternating in multi-week stints for the remainder of the show's 38th season after Mike Richards (the show's then executive producer who briefly succeeded Trebek as host of the program) was let go after taping a week's worth of episodes after various controversies came to light.

On August 19, 2021, prior to the start of _Jeopardy!_ season 38 taping, the producers of _Jeopardy!_ re-dedicated Stage 10 at Sony Pictures Studios, the show's longtime home, the Alex Trebek Stage in his honor, with his family present at the dedication.

### Animated Roles

- 1993: _Rugrats_ - as Alan Quebec, the host of "_Super Stumpers_" (episode 2.37 - "Game Show Didi")
- 1996: _The Magic School Bus_ - Announcer (voice) (episode 2.6 "Shows and Tells")
- 1997; 2012: _The Simpsons_ - as himself, the host of _Jeopardy!_ in "Miracle on Evergreen Terrace" and "Penny-Wiseguys" (Voice)
- 2000: _Arthur_ - as Alex Lebek, the host of _Riddle Quest_
- 2000: _Pepper Ann_ - as himself (2 episodes)
- 2006: _Family Guy_ - as himself, the host of _Jeopardy!_ in "I Take Three Quagmire" (voice)
- 2020: _Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?_ - as himself, the host of _Jeopardy!_ in "Total Jeopardy" (voice, posthumous release)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alex Trebek
- **image**: Alex Trebek 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Trebek in May 2012
- **birth name**: George Alexander Trebek
- **birth place**: Greater Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **party**: Independent voter, Independent
- **alma mater**: University of Ottawa (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **known for**: Second host of _Jeopardy!_ (1984-2020)
- **years active**: 1961-2020
- **children**: 3
- **honours**: Order of Canada
- **signature**: SigAlexTrebek.svg
Clementine

A **clementine** is a type of citrus fruit. It has a bright orange rind. They have a diameter of about 3 to 5 inches. Clementines are easy to peel and have no seeds. They are grown in California, and are usually available from November to January.

They were more popular outside the United States than inside, but in 1997, there were not many Florida oranges available because it was very cold. People bought clementines instead, which made them more popular. They are still popular today.

Clementines are popular in the winter months. They are usually found in wooden crates in the supermarket. A popular clementine brand is called Cuties.

They are named after a French monk, Père Clément Rodier, who lived in North Africa at the beginning of the 20th century. He either found a natural mutation of the mandarin orange, which he grew, or he created a hybrid of the mandarin and the Seville oranges. The fruit, however, may have originated long before in Asia.
Ugli fruit

An **ugli** is a type of citrus fruit. It is related to the lemon. It started to grow quickly all across Jamaica over 80 years ago and was quickly discovered by the natives there. It became popularly known, but it did not have a name. The natives on Jamaica named it the ugli fruit because of its ugly appearance. It was shipped to the United States and South America on cargo ships and after it arrived in the Americas, its popularity only grew. The original fruit is believed to have been a hybrid formed from the Seville orange, the grapefruit, and the tangerine families. It is rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, low in calories, and contains powerful anti-inflammatory antioxidants called flavonoids. Most tangelos are free of furanocoumarins, which means they may be safe for those taking certain medications. Ugli fruit is a tasty way to enjoy the many benefits of citrus fruit.

## Other websites

- Ugli(R) official web site
- 5 recipes with Ugli fruits
- Health benefits from eating Ugli fruits
Duralumin

**Duralumin** is an alloy made up of 90% aluminum, 4% copper, 0.5–1% magnesium, and less than 1% manganese.
It is an extremely hard alloy that is used, for example, in vehicle armour in the defense industry.

## Other website

- Armor-plating composite
Mango

A **mango** is a type of fruit. The mango tree is native to South Asia, from where it has been taken to become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the tropics. It is harvested in the month of March (summer season) until the mid of June.

India and Pakistan share the major export market of mangoes. It is also their national fruit. Ripe mangoes are very sweet in taste but they are bitterly sour before they ripen. There are many different types of mangoes found in India such as Langra, Dusshera, Chausa, Tota, and Safadi. Alphonso mangoes can be found in various parts of western India.

These mangoes are also indigenous to the southern part of Nigeria, Akwa Ibom. Described by these southerners (the Ibibios) as Grade 1 mangoes.

## Benefits of Mango

- High in nutrients
- Low-calorie intake
- Mango may aid in the prevention of diabetes
- Mango contains immune-boosting nutrients
- Helps to maintain heart health
- Mango may support your eye health
- It reduces the risk of certain cancers
- Mango may improve digestion
- A versatile and easy-to-use food

Mango also has a variety of other health advantages. You may learn more about these advantages here .

## Mango trees

The tree is mainly known for its fruit rather than for its wood. However, mango trees can be converted to lumber once their fruit bearing lifespan had finished. The wood is susceptible to damage from fungi and insects. The wood is used for musical instruments such as Ukeleles, plywood and low-cost furniture. The wood is also known to produce phenolic substances that can cause dermatitis.
Shuttlecock

A **shuttlecock** is used in the sport badminton. The shuttlecock center is hit with a badminton racquet over the net, in this fast sport. A shuttlecock is also called a **shuttle**. Other names for shuttlecock are **bird**, or **birdie**, because it can be made with feathers.

## Materials

Shuttlecocks can be made of many types of materials, including plastic and feathers. It creates a cone shape, and is held together by a round center, usually made of cork or rubber. The cone shape the feathers, or other materials create is called a **shuttlecock skirt**.

In North America and Europe, feather shuttlecocks cost more. In Asia, where the prices of feathers are lower, shuttles made of plastic are rarely used; feather shuttles are used.

It is harder to hit a feather shuttlecock fast, because there is more drag. They are also less durable than plastic shuttles. Experienced badminton players usually play with feather shuttlecocks, and in competition, badminton is almost always played with feather shuttles. They feel that feather shuttles give them more control, and better play is needed to hit feather shuttles.

In school gyms and amateur/beginner clubs in Europe and North America, plastic shuttlecocks are more often used than feather ones. This is to save feathers, since plastic shuttlecocks do not break easily. Feathers on the feather shuttles bend or break if the player does not hit the cork or rubber center.
Janne Da Arc

is a Japanese rock band from Hirakata, Osaka. The visual kei band's name is sometimes shortened to "Janne" (ジャンヌ) or "JDA".

## History

Janne Da Arc formed on May 9, 1996. In early time, they put on make-up like X Japan. Its members are vocalist Yasu, guitarist You, bassist Ka-Yu, keyboardist Kiyo and drummer Shuji.  The origin of the band name is a character of Japanese comic, _"Devilman"_.

Fans were called "Darcar" in the days of the early days. Now they are called "Janner".

Their song "Gettkouka" was used as the opening music for the cartoon _Black Jack_ on television, so this song is famous.

Janne Da Arc stopped making music in 2006. Yasu formed a new band, Acid Black Cherry.

## Members

- **yasu** (Yasunori Hayashi ), singer, born January 27, 1975 in Hirakata, Osaka. When he was in junior high school, he started an X Japan cover band with You and Ka-Yu. This was his first band. In 2007, Janne Da Arc stopped performing, and Yasu started his solo project, Acid Black Cherry.
- **you** (Yutaka Tsuda), guitarist, born July 24, 1974 in Kobe.
- **ka-yu** (Kazuyuki Matsumoto), bass player, born January 21, 1975 in Hirakata, Osaka. In 2010 he started a new project called DAMIJAW.
- **kiyo** (Masanobu Kiyose), keyboard player, born June 27, 1974 in Hirakata, Osaka.
- **shuji** (Shuji Suematsu), drummer, born November 21, 1974 in Kobe.

### Singles

- "Red Zone" (1999)
- "Lunatic Gate" (1999)
- "EDEN" (2000)
- "Heaven's Place/Vanity" (2000)
- "will" (2000)
- "Mysterious" (2000)
- "Dry?" (2001)
- "NEO VENUS" (2001)
- "seed" (2001)
- "shirubia" (シルビア) (2001)
- "feel the wind" (2001)
- "Shining ray" (2002)
- "marianotsumeato" (マリアの爪痕) (2002)
- "kasumiyukusorasenishite" (霞みゆく空背にして) (2003)
- "Rainy" (2003)
- "uetataiyou" (飢えた太陽） (2003)
- "FREEDOM" (2004)
- "Kiss Me" (2004)
- "DOLLS" (2004)
- "ROMANCE" (2004)
- "BLACK JACK" (2004)
- "Love is here" (2004)
- "Gettukouka" (月光花) (2005)
- "Diamond vergin" (ダイアモンド　ヴァージン) (2005)
- "Hurimukeba/ Destination" (振り向けば) (2006)
- "HEAVEN/Mevius" (メビウス) (2006)

## Other websites

- Janne Da Arc website
- AvexTrax Janne Da Arc website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Janne Da Arc
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Janne, JDA
- **origin**: Osaka, Japan
- **genre**: Alternative rock, pop rock, Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **years active**: 1996–2007 (on hiatus)
- **label**: Avex Group#Music labels, Cutting Edge, Avex Group#Music labels, Motorod/Avex
- **associated acts**: Acid Black Cherry, Damijaw
- **past members**: Yasu
You
Ka-yu
Kiyo
Shuji
Olive

**Olive** can mean the things below:

- Olive (fruit), the fruits of the olive tree
- Olive (color), the color of these fruits
Olive (fruit)

The **olive** (_Olea europaea_) is the fruit of the olive tree.  It is an important food crop in countries around the Mediterranean Sea, and places with a Mediterranean climate.

It is a healthy food but rather fatty.  It has olive oil, one of the fattiest cooking oils in use, even more than palm, canola and other vegetable oils. Olive oil is the juice made by crushing olives. It is considered to be healthier alternative to sunflower oil.

In Roman literature, the olive branch is used as a symbol of peace: "extending the olive branch". In Christianity, too, it is seen as a symbol of peace, because according to the Bible, a dove brought an olive branch to Noah to show that the flood was over. Many writers and illustrators use olive branches around text to give it greater artistic credit (a similar effect is achieved with wheat).

The raw olives are very bitter. They are "cured" mostly by bacterial fermentation. Later they may be alternately washed with water and packed with salt. The procedures vary a lot, and different varieties of olives get different treatment. The bitter chemical _oleuropein_, a phenol compound, has to be broken down or removed. This is what the curing process does. Even so, olives still often do have a rather bitter taste. There is a variety called "Kalamata" which grows around
kalamata region in Greece. The olives which are eaten raw and have a very pleasant taste.

Olives are mainly known as a fruit but some people identify them as a vegetable.
Star Trek: Voyager

***Star Trek: Voyager*** was the fourth television series based in the _Star Trek_ universe. It features a starship, _Voyager_, lost on the other side of the galaxy. It also has the first important female ship's captain.

## Cast

|Character|Actor|position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|**Captain Kathryn Janeway**|Kate Mulgrew|Captain''|
|**Commander Chakotay**|Robert Beltran|First Officer|
|**Lt. Commander Tuvok**|Tim Russ|Vulcan Chief of Security|
|**Lt. Tom Eugene Paris**|Robert Duncan McNeil|Helmsman|
|**Ensign Harry Kim**|Garett Wang|Operations Officer|
|**Lt. B'Elanna Torres**|Roxanna Dawson|Chief Engineer|
|**The Doctor**|Robert Picardo|The holographic Doctor|
|**Neelix**|Ethan Phillips|Cook and Morale Officer on _Voyager_|
|**Kes**|Jennifer Lien|Nurse  and Botanist on _Voyager_ (Seasons 1–4)|
|**Seven of Nine**|Jeri Ryan|Ex-Borg Science Officer (Seasons 4–7)|

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Star Trek VOY logo.svg
- **genre**: Science fiction
- **creator**: Rick Berman
Micheal Piller
Jeri Taylor
- **starring**: See cast
- **num seasons**: 7
- **num episodes**: 172
- **runtime**: 44 minutes
- **channel**: UPN
Killamery

**Killamery** is a village in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It was the site of a monastery which was built in about 632 and has a High Cross.

## Other websites

- Killamery brooch
- Killamery High Cross
- Flash Earth
Speed limit

A **speed limit** is a legal limit on how fast a road vehicle can be driven. Some roads also have a **minimum speed limit**, which is how slow a vehicle is allowed to travel.

### Safety

Reducing speed reduces the number of accidents by giving more time to the driver to manage their vehicle. It also reduces the consequences of an accident by limiting the kinetic energy involved in that crash.

### Climate and environment

Because the emission of air pollutants increases disproportionately with increasing speed, speed limits are used to protect the climate and the environment. They are also used to reduce noise pollution.

### Traffic flow

Minimizing the speed differences in traffic leads to more consistent speeds, which increases road capacity and reduces the risk of congestion. This improves the flow of traffic.

The lower probability and severity of accidents also makes accident-related road closures less frequent.

### Driving situation

Speed limits are also used because they can create a more relaxed atmosphere for drivers.

## Speed limits in different countries

In the UK, the speed limit in towns is usually 30 miles per hour, which is about 50 km/h, and the speed limit on dual carriageways and motorways is usually 70 miles per hour, which is about 105 km/h. In France, the speed limit on motorways is usually 130 kilometres per hour, which is about 80 miles per hour. Also, in the United States, most highways are from 65 to 70 miles per hour, and freeways are from 55 to 80 miles per hour. In Canada, the speed limit is usually about 100 km/h. In Australia the speed limit on freeways, highways and rural roads is between 100 and 130 kilometres per hour, and in towns and cities between 40 and 60 km/h but can go up to 90 km/h.

Nowadays, in the European Union, speed limits may vary from country to country or from region to region. Typical speed limits are 130 km/h or 120 km/h on rural motorways, between 80 and 100 km/h for rural roads, 70 km/h on point requiring a reduced speed, 50 km/h in main urban roads, and 30 km/h on residential urban areas.

Germany does not have a general speed limit for its motorways, but a recommended speed (_Richtgeschwindigkeit_) of 130 km/h. Sometimes, there are also variable or temporary speed limits.

However, most Germans want a speed limit.

There are also many organizations that support a speed limit in Germany like Deutscher Verkehrssicherheitsrat, Auto Club Europa, Verkehrsclub Deutschland, Deutsche Umwelthilfe, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Greenpeace, World Wide Fund for Nature, Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen, Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH, Gewerkschaft der Polizei, Deutscher Ärztetag, Umweltbundesamt and Evangelische Kirche in Mitteldeutschland.

## Other websites

- Wikispeedia.org
Pure Pwnage

***Pure Pwnage*** is an Internet video series.  It is about a man named Jeremy who spends his days playing video games and making fun of other people, or as he calls them, "n00bs". The first season of the show had 12 episodes. The people who make the show are planning to make at least two more seasons and maybe a full length movie. The first season ends with a cliffhanger that leads into the second season. The second season is expected to be put online in 2007.

## History

The show started when two friends got together and made a short video of the main character talking about video games. Inspired by the cultural phenomenon that online video gaming has become, and the series creators' personal online experiences; the series actually spawned from a project for film school. After they uploaded the video onto the Internet, it got downloaded a few thousand times, so they made _Episode 1: Life of a Pro Gamer_. The character 'Jeremy'(Played by Jarett Cale), also known as 'teh_pwnerer', was designed to comically represent, and almost stereotype, online gamers around the world. This concept was based loosely around the idea of a person who had grown up doing nothing but online gaming; whose entire vocabulary and social mannerisms were molded solely by internet interactions. As such, the episode was supposed to be a mockumentary of sorts, as Jeremy is followed and filmed by younger brother 'Kyle'(Geoff Lapaire) (Played depicting "A day in the life of a ProGamer". After this became very popular, they made episodes 2 and 3.  When episode 4 was downloaded roughly 3000 times, they decided that they should pursue this full-time. Throughout the series, the characters make use of many expressions in videogame terminology, including "noob", "uber-micro" and of course "pwnage".

The series has introduced several other recurring characters, such as:
- "FPS_Doug" -- Jeremy's illtempered rival (and sociopath), played by Joel Gardiner;
- "Dave" -- Jeremy's close friend and local 'ProCook', played by Dave Lee
- "Tagi" -- Jeremy's World of Warcraft addicted love interest, played by Miranda Plant
- "TBag" -- the heavily sponsored Halo 3 player,
- and "Teh_Masterer" -- Jeremy's ninja-clad mentor, Played by Geoff Lapaire - Voiced by Fr.William Craig
- as well as an assortment of villains.

The series has also adopted a dynamic storyline in favour of its original, pseudo-casual style of interviews. Despite the additional casting and switch towards plot driven episodes, the series remains true to its satirical view of current trends in the gaming industry and the greater online community. The series has quickly developed a large fan base, spanning across multiple continents, and only continues in its success as its 2nd season comes to a close.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Jeremy’s MySpace page
- Pure Podcast
- Pure Pwnage Quotes on Wikiquote
- Pure Pwnage Interview on the ABC2 Show Good Game
Support

**Support** may mean the following:

- Supports in engineering and construction mean parts of the construction that prevent the construction from breaking down, such as: arch, beam (structure), column
- Sympathy (emotional support)
- Political Advocacy
West Africa

**West Africa** or **Western Africa** is the western part of Africa. According to the United Nations (UN), West Africa has seventeen countries:

- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Cape Verde
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Gambia
- Ghana

- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Liberia
- Mali
- Mauritania

- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
Nun

**Nun** is a woman who made a special vow (or promise) dedicating herself to a religious life. Catholic nuns are said to "take the veil" as a symbol of their new life. Roman Catholic nuns are the most commonly thought of nuns in the West, but nuns are found in different forms of Christianity as well as non-Christian religions such as Buddhism. A fully ordained Buddhist nun is called a bhikkhuni or bhiksuni; ordained novices are sāmaṇerī. A nun is the female version of a monk.

## Other websites

- Poor Clare nuns in Rockford, Illinois
- A Blog about Being a Catholic Nun in Today’s World
- A Biography of a Vajrayana Buddhist Nun
- Sakyadhita International Association of Buddhist Women
- Alliance for Bhikkhunis
Henry I the Fowler

**Henry I the Fowler** (German: _Heinrich der Finkler_ or _Heinrich der Vogler_; Latin: _Henricius Auceps_) (876–2 July 936) was the duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death. He was the first of the Ottonian Dynasty of German kings and emperors and therefore he is generally considered to be the founder and first king of the medieval German state, that was known until then as East Francia. As he was an eager hunter, he was called "the Fowler" (someone who hunts wildfowl) because it was said he was fixing birding nets when messengers arrived to inform him that he was to be king.
Propeller

A **propeller** makes an aircraft, ship, or submarine in water or air go by making a big wind or a strong stream. It does this by turning two or more wings very quick.  The blades of a propeller act as rotating wings, and produce force through application of both Bernoulli's principle and Newton's third law, generating a difference in pressure between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blades.

## Other websites

- Aircraft-Info.net - Propeller Aircraft
- Titanic's Propellers
Fluid

A **fluid** is a substance that can move easily and change shape such as water (liquids), or air (gases), or plasmas. They can 'flow'- flow and fluids both come from the same English word roots (Latin: _fluere_ "to flow") and are pronounced similarly. The physics of fluids is called fluid mechanics.

Fluids usually take on the shape of their containers, in contrast to solids which maintain their own shape.

Some things are not exactly fluid and not exactly solid, such as Silly Putty. Powders are made up of small solids that appear to flow but don't actually.

Most fluids have a freezing point. At this temperature it becomes solid.

## Related pages

- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid statics
- Superfluidity
Ebony

**Ebony** can mean many things:

- Ebony (wood), a type of wood
- Ebony, a name for the color of the wood of the _ebony_ tree, which is close to black
- _Ebony_ (magazine), a magazine for African-American readers
- "Ebony and Ivory", a song sung by Stevie Wonder and Sir Paul McCartney
Shelter

A **shelter** is a place where someone or something is put in or goes to be kept safe or hidden. It can also be any place where people live that "shelters" (protects) them from any danger such as the weather.

There are different kinds of shelters and they are for used for different reasons.
- Picnic Shelters
- Women's Shelters
- Men's Shelter
- Animal Shelters
- Homeless shelter
- Political Shelters
- Religious Shelters
- Shelters from War.
- Shelters from disasters or emergencies.
bomb shelters and fallout shelters.

Currently, Women's Shelters are found around the United States, United Kingdom, and many other First World countries.  In these places, women are there to hide or are running away from abusive or dangerous situations. In these shelters, they are given food and a place to stay for an amount of time (usually 1-3 months at a time).  They are put into a support group and given a temporary counselor.  There is a high success rate in this type of place.

## Related pages

- Civil defence
Zaiger's Genetics

**Zaiger's Genetics** is an American company that breeds fruit trees. They are in Modesto, California. They have created fruits such as the Aprium (apricot and plum), the Nectarcot (nectarine and apricot), Peacotum (peach, apricot and plum) and the pluot (plum and apricot).

They are dedicated to improving fruit worldwide.

In 2009 Floyd Zaiger was named one of the "top ten most creative people in food" by Fast Company.

Zaiger's Genetics gives fruit tours to commercial growers every Wednesday. An article in _Western Fruit Grower_ titled "Wednesdays With Floyd" described a typical Wednesday with the Zaiger family.

## Other websites

- Family story
Almond

The **almond**, ***Prunus dulcis***, is a small tree in the family Rosaceae. "Almond" is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated 'nut' of this tree.

Native to Iran and bordering regions, almonds are also grown in places with Mediterranean climates.

The fruit of the almond has an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed or nut inside. Shelling almonds means removing the shell to get the seed. Almonds are sold either shelled  or unshelled.

## Description

The almond tree is about four to 10 meters tall. It has a trunk about 30 centimetres wide. The young twigs are green at first. When they are in their second year, they turn gray. The leaves are three to five inches long. The flowers are white or light pink, 3–5 cm wide with five petals.

## Related pages

- _Amygdalodon_ (almond teeth)
- Almond flour
- Almond butter
- Almond milk

## Other websites

- The Almond Board of California
Prunus

***Prunus*** is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae. It includes plums, peaches, almonds, apricots and cherries.

## References

- .