juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Commerce, Georgia

**Commerce** is a city in Jackson County, Georgia. It is  northeast of Atlanta. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 7,387.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Commerce, Georgia
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "A city on the right track"
- **flag size**: 105px
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **blank emblem size**: 110px
- **image map**: Jackson_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Commerce_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Jackson County, Georgia, Jackson County and the state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state), County
- **subdivision name2**: Jackson County, Georgia, Jackson, Banks County, Georgia, Banks
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: J. Clark Hill III
- **established date3**: January 1, 1885
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 34.66
- **area land km2**: 34.32
- **area water km2**: 0.34
- **area total sq mi**: 13.38
- **area land sq mi**: 13.25
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 7387
- **population density km2**: 215.25
- **population density sq mi**: 557.51
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 278
- **elevation ft**: 912
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 30529, 30599
- **area code**: Area code 706, 706
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 13-19112
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0355254
Thurbert Baker

**Thurbert Earl Baker** (born December 16, 1952) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the first African American Attorney General of the U.S. state of Georgia. He was appointed to the position in 1997 by Governor Zell Miller and served until January 10, 2011.

In 2010, Baker ran for Governor of Georgia, however he lost in the Democratic primary to former governor Roy Barnes.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thurbert Baker
- **image**: Thurbert Baker (2018).png
- **office**: 46th Attorney General of Georgia
- **governor**: Zell Miller
Roy Barnes
Sonny Perdue
- **term start**: June 1, 1997
- **term end**: January 10, 2011
- **predecessor**: Mike Bowers
- **successor**: Sam Olens
- **state house1**: Georgia
- **district1**: 70th
- **term start1**: January 11, 1993
- **term end1**: June 1, 1997
- **preceded1**: John T. Simpson
- **succeeded1**: Stan Watson
- **state house2**: Georgia
- **district2**: 51st
- **term start2**: January 9, 1989
- **term end2**: January 11, 1993
- **preceded2**: Ken Workman
- **succeeded2**: Billy McKinney (politician), Billy McKinney
- **birth name**: Thurbert Earl Baker
- **birth place**: Rocky Mount, North Carolina, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Catherine Baker
- **alma mater**: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Emory University School of Law, Emory University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Mahmud Shah of Bengal

**Nāṣiruddīn Maḥmūd Shāh** (1435–1459) was the first Sultan of Bengal belonging to the restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty of Bengal sultanate. Formerly a farmer, he was selected as the next ruler of Bengal by the erstwhile nobility in 1435 CE, and ruled the country for over twenty years. During his peaceful reign, Bengal saw significant architectural development.
Sam Olens

**Samuel Scott Olens** (born July 8, 1957) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the Attorney General of Georgia from 2011 to 2016. He is the first Jew to win a statewide, partisan race in Georgia. He resigned as attorney general to become president of Kennesaw State University.

## Other websites

- Georgia Attorney General Sam Olens  _official state government site_
- Sam Olens  at Project Vote Smart

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sam Olens
- **image**: Attorney Sam Olens.jpg
- **caption**: Olens in 2017
- **office1**: 47th Attorney General of Georgia
- **governor1**: Nathan Deal
- **term start1**: January 10, 2011
- **term end1**: November 1, 2016
- **predecessor1**: Thurbert Baker
- **successor1**: Christopher M. Carr, Chris Carr
- **birth name**: Samuel Scott Olens
- **birth place**: Miami, Florida, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Lisa Olens
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: American University
Emory University
BYD Auto

**BYD Auto Co., Ltd.** () is a Chinese car, bus, coach and truck maker. It is a subsidiary of BYD Company. It was founded in January 2003 by Wang Chuanfu. The first car made by BYD was the F3, it was made in 2005.

## Products

BYD Auto makes different car types such as sedans, hatchbacks, MPVs, SUVs, battery electric buses and coaches, and large trucks. The company used to make internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles but stopped making them in 2022 because it wanted to make energy vehicles instead.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **t**: 比亞迪汽車有限公司
- **s**: 比亚迪汽车有限公司
- **p**: Bǐyàdí Qìchē Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
- **order**: st
- **hide**: no
- **altname**: Trading name


## Infobox (company)

- **name**: BYD Auto Co., Ltd.
- **logo size**: 200px
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **founder**: Wang Chuanfu
- **location city**: Shenzhen, Guangdong
- **location country**: China
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Automotive industry, Automotive
- **predecessor**: Xi'an Qinchuan Automobile Co., Ltd.
- **production**: 3,045,231 vehicles (2023)
- **revenue**: (2023)
- **parent**: BYD Company (99%)
Siege of Devarakonda

In 1458/59 Kapilendra deva of Gajapati Dynasty attacked the grassion of Bahamani and besieged them in the Fort of Devarkonda. After a battle of few months Kapilendra deva and his son Hamvira deva defeated the Bahamani grassion and captured Devarkonda.

## Battle

The political situation in Telangana created an opportunity for the Gajapati army to step in and take control of the region. The Velama rulers of Devarakonda in Telangana initially had good relations with the Bahmani Sultan, Alau'd-din Ahmad Shah. However, when war broke out between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahmani Sultanate, the Velama rulers supported the Bahmani Sultanate and fought against Vijayanagara. In retaliation, the Bahmani Sultan sent an army to invade Telangana, led by commander Sanjar Khan (Khwajah-i-Jahan), who caused widespread suffering among the people, selling many Hindus into slavery.

In 1456 CE, Humayun Shah became the ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate. His general, Sikander Khan, defeated the rebel Velama chiefs and took control of Devarakonda. The Velama chiefs then turned to Kapilendra Deva for help to free them from the Bahmani Sultanate. In 1458 CE, a battle was fought at Devarakonda between the forces of Odia, led by Prince Hamvira Deva, and the Bahmani army. The Odia forces won the battle, and as a result, Telangana became a part of the Gajapati Empire, with the Velama rulers as their vassals. After this victory, Kapilendra Deva adopted the title of Kalavargeśvara, meaning the Lord of Kalaburagi.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Siege of Devarakonda
- **partof**: Gajapati–Bahamani conflicts
- **date**: 1458/59
- **place**: Telangana (Modern day India)
- **result**: Gajapati Dynasty, Gajapati victory
- **combatant1**:  Gajapati Dynasty
- **combatant2**:  Bahmani Sultanate
- **commander1**:  Kapilendra deva
 Hamvira Deva
- **commander2**:  Humayun Bahamani
 Khwajah-i-Jahan
- **territory**: Devarakonda Captured by Kapilendra deva
History of philosophy

The **history of philosophy** is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational examination based on arguing, but some people also include myth and religious traditions.

Western philosophy started with a question about the basic nature of the outer space in Ancient Greece. Later philosophical developments covered several different topics including the nature of reality and the mind, how people should act, and how to arrive at knowledge. The medieval period was focused more on theology. The Renaissance period saw a renewed interest in Ancient Greek philosophy and the coming of humanism. The modern period was seen as an increased focus on how philosophical and scientific knowledge is created. Its new ideas were used during the Enlightenment period to challenge traditional people in charge. Important developments in the 19th and 20th centuries included German idealism, pragmatism, positivism, formal logic, philosophical logic! linguistic analysis, phenomenology, existentialism, and postmodernism.
Government of Fascist Italy

The government of Fascist Italy was a governed by Benito Mussolini and other Fascists.

List of organizations of the Kingdom of Italy:

- Royal Italian Army (_Regio Esercito Italiano_ - REI)
- Blackshirts (Vountary Militia for National Security - MVSN)
- National Fascist Party (_Partito Nazionale Fascista_ - PNF)
Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai

**Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai** is a 2024 Punjabi-language film, written and directed by Kalyaani Singh. The film stars Vindu Dara Singh, Mukesh Rishi, Dolly Minhas and Sardar Sohi. film was released worldwide on May 24, 2024 by Reliance Entertainment.

## Title of the film

The title is officially acquired from producers of the 1969, film of the same name Nanak Nam Jahaz Hai which won the 1969 National Film Award, for Best Feature Film in Punjabi and National Film Award for Best Music Direction. It took 2 years to acquire the rights to use this title.

## Cast

|colspan="2"|Main Characters|
| --- | --- |
|Vindu Dara Singh|Harnam|
|Mukesh Rishi|Balwant|
|Dolly Minhas|Gurpreet|
|Sardar Sohi|Lakha|
|Gavie Chahal|Jaswinder|
|Aman Dhaliwal|Sukhwinder|
|Ratan Aulakh|Jagdish|
|Drishti Grewal|Mona|
|Yuvraj Aulakh|Malkeet|

## Music

The music of this film was released on May 3, 2024 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
|colspan="4"|Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai (2024) Song List|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**S.no**|**Song Title**|**Singer**|**Duration**|
|1|Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai _(Title Track)_|Arvinder Singh|1 minute 52 seconds|
|2|Koi Tenu Rab Kehnda|Arvinder Singh|3 minutes 49 seconds|
|3|Wahe Guru Wahe Guru Bol Bandeya|Nachattar Gill|4 minutes 22 seconds|
|4|Sabh te Vadda Satgur Nanak|Inderpreet Singh|7 minutes 5 seconds|
|5|Kar Kirpa Tere Gunn Gaavan|Inderpreet Singh|5 minutes 30 seconds|
|6|Mool Mantar|Kalyaani Singh|0 minutes 46 seconds|
|7|Nachle Nachle|Tarannum Malik|2 minutes 51 seconds|
|colspan="3"|**Total Duration**|**26 mins 15 seconds**||

## Other websites

- Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai at IMDb

## Infobox (film)

- **caption**: Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai (2024)
- **director**: Kalyaani Singh
- **writer**: Kalyaani Singh
- **producer**: * Maann Singh Deep
* Vedant Singh
- **starring**: *  Mukesh Rishi
*  Vindu Dara Singh
*  Sardar Sohi
*  Dolly Minhas
- **cinematography**: Najeeb Khan
- **studio**: Right Image International
- **distributor**: Reliance Entertainment
- **released**: 24 May, 2024
- **country**: India
- **language**: Punjabi
Chevrolet Silverado EV

The **Chevrolet Silverado EV** is a electric pickup by Chevrolet.

## Overview

The Silverado EV was introduced at 2022 Consumer Electrics Show (CES) on January 5, 2022. The production started at the Factory Zero plant in May 2023.

## Sales

|Calendar year|Silverado EV (US)|
| --- | --- |
|2023|461|

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Chevrolet Silverado EV
- **image**: 2024 Chevrolet Silverado EV 4WT AWD in Summit White, front left, 2024-06-30.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Chevrolet (General Motors)
- **assembly**: United States: Detroit, Michigan (Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly)

Orion Township, Michigan (Orion Assembly) (starting mid-2026)
- **production**: May 2023 – present
- **model years**: 2024–present
- **platform**: GM BT1
- **body style**: 4-door pickup truck
- **weight**: (4WT)
- **aka**: GMC Sierra EV
- **electric range**: 450 mi (720 km) (4WT, EPA cert.)

393 mi (632 km) (3WT, EPA cert.)

440 mi (710 km) (GM-est. for RST)
- **charging**: 350 kW, 800 V DC
19.2 kW AC
Vehicle-to-grid, V2L: 7.2 kW (Standard model) or 10.2 kW (PowerBase with Ultium Power Bar)
- **designer**: Raphael Molina, Jacky Zhan
- **drivetrain**: 400 V (switches to Series_and_parallel_circuits#Series_circuits, series 800 V when charging)
Cadillac ELR

The **Cadillac ELR** is a luxury car made by Cadillac. It is a two-door, four-seat hybrid car. The ELR was sold in 2014 and 2016, but it was not sold in 2015. It is a plug-in hybrid, meaning it can be powered by electricity and also has a gasoline engine. The car shares its technology with the Chevrolet Volt, using the same electric system but with a more luxury design. The ELR can drive about 37 to 39 miles (60 to 63 kilometers) on electricity alone.

## History

The Cadillac ELR was based on the Cadillac Converj concept car, which was shown in 2009. At first, GM did not plan to make the Converj, but in 2011 they decided to turn it into the ELR. The ELR was made to offer a luxury alternative to the Chevrolet Volt. It was first shown to the public in 2013. The car was produced at GM’s factory in Detroit and went on sale in late 2013 in the United
States and Canada.

## Markets

The Cadillac ELR was sold only in the United States and Canada during its entire production.

## Discontinuation

The production of the Cadillac ELR ended in February 2016, with only 2,958 cars built in total. The car was expensive, and GM decided to stop making it because it did not sell as well as expected. After the ELR, GM focused on other electric and hybrid cars.

## Infobox (electric vehicle)

- **name**: Cadillac ELR
- **image**: File:2014 Cadillac ELR trimmed.jpg
- **caption**: 2014 Cadillac ELR
- **manufacturer**: General Motors
- **production**: 2013–2016
2,958 produced
- **model years**: 2014 and 2016
- **assembly**: United States: Detroit, Michigan (Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly)
- **class**: Compact car
- **body style**: 2-door coupé
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Transverse front-engine, front-wheel drive
- **platform**: GM Delta II platform, GM Delta II / GM Voltec platform, GM Voltec
- **engine**: 1398 cc _GM Family 0 engine#Generation III, EcoFLEX LUU_ inline-four engine, I4 (gasoline)
- **transmission**: continuously variable transmission, CVT _Voltec 4ET50_ multi-mode electric transaxle
- **battery**: 16.5kwh (2014) – 17.1kwh (2016) kWh lithium-ion battery
- **range**: (EPA)
- **electric range**: (2014)  (2016)   (EPA)
- **drivetrain**: Series hybrid
- **sp**: us
Toyota Mirai

The **Toyota Mirai** is a hydrogen Fuel cell vehicle (FCV) made by Toyota. It is the first mass-produced FCV. The car was introduced in 2014, and it uses hydrogen to produce electricity for its motor. The Mirai is one of Toyota's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and It has been sold in various countries, including the United States, Japan, and parts of Europe.

## First generation (2014-2020)

The first generation of the Toyota Mirai was produced from December 2014 to 2020.

The first generation of the Mirai was produced from December 2014 to 2020 and was one of the first commercial vehicles to use Toyota's fuel cell technology.  The car was built to be efficient, with a range of up to 312 miles (502 km) on a full tank of hydrogen. It used a front-wheel-drive layout and had a 113 kW electric motor powered by hydrogen. The first generation of the Mirai was sold in several markets, including the United States, Japan, and Europe.

## Second generation (2020-present)

The second generation of the Toyota Mirai was introduced in December 2020 and is built on a new platform with rear-wheel drive.

This generation offers improved fuel efficiency and a longer driving range, reaching up to 402 miles (647 km) on a full tank of hydrogen It also includes new features such as Toyota's 'Teammate' driver assistance system, which provides driving and parking support. The second generation is also equipped with a new infotainment system introduced in 2023.

## Infobox (electric vehicle)

- **name**: Toyota Mirai
- **image**: Toyota Mirai (JPD20) IMG 5303.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Toyota
- **production**: December 2014 – present
- **assembly**: Japan: Toyota, Aichi, Toyota City, Aichi (Motomachi plant)
- **class**: Mid-size luxury car/Executive car (E-segment, E)
- **body style**: 4-door Sedan (automobile), sedan
Toyota Corolla Cross

The **Toyota Corolla Cross** is a compact Crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota. It was first introduced in 2020 and is based on the same platform as the Toyota Corolla. The Corolla Cross is positioned above the Toyota C-HR, and below the Toyota RAV4. It is available in both petrol and hybrid powertrain options and is produced in various countries, including Japan, Thailand, and the United States.

## History

The Toyota Corolla Cross was unveiled in July 2020 in Thailand and was soon introduced to other Southeast Asian markets. Its expansion continued into 2021, expanding to regions such as North America, Europe, and China. In China, a version of the Corolla Cross is sold under the name Toyota Frontlander.

## Versions

The Toyota Corolla Cross is available in various configurations, including both petrol and hybrid powertrains, depending on the market. It is built on the Toyota TNGA-C platform, which it shares with the Toyota Corolla and Toyota C-HR.

### Petrol Versions

The Corolla Cross is available with several petrol engine options, including the 1.8L 2ZR-FE and 2ZR-FAE inline-4 engines in different regions. The 2.0L M20A-FKS engine is used in markets like Japan and North America.

### Hybrid Versions

The hybrid version of the Corolla Cross features a 1.8L 2ZR-FXE inline-4 engine paired with an electric motor. In some markets, the hybrid models are equipped with the 2.0L M20A-FXS engine.

### Market-Specific Variants

In China, a version of the Corolla Cross is sold as the Toyota Frontlander, with some minor variations in specifications. The Corolla Cross also comes in multiple trim levels, depending on the region, with different features, technologies, and drivetrain configurations available.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Toyota Corolla Cross
- **image**: Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid 1X7A1861.jpg
- **caption**: Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid
- **manufacturer**: Toyota
- **model code**: XG10
- **production**: July 2020 – present
- **model years**: 2022–present (North America)
- **class**: Compact crossover SUV (C-segment, C)
- **body style**: 5-door SUV
- **platform**: TNGA: Toyota TNGA-C platform, GA-C
- **drivetrain**: Hybrid vehicle drivetrain#Power-split or series-parallel hybrid, Power-split
- **sp**: uk
Diane Warren

**Diane Warren** (born September 7, 1956, Van Nuys, California) is an American songwriter. The songs she wrote include "If You Asked Me To" (originally by Patti LaBelle but a major hit by Celine Dion), "Because You Loved Me" (another popular song by  Celine Dion), and "How Do I Live" (LeAnn Rimes). She also wrote songs for Mandy Moore, Trisha Yearwood, Gloria Estefan, Aretha Franklin, Reba McEntire, Jessica Simpson and others.

Warren won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards. She was given an honorary Academy Award in November 2022.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Diane Warren
- **image**: Diane Warren (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Diane Warren
- **caption**: Warren in 2022
- **birth place**: Van Nuys, Van Nuys, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1983–present
Ameerega silverstonei

**Silverstone's poison frog** (_Ameerega silverstonei_) is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Body

This frog has red and black or red and orange colors. Scientists say this is to tell predators that it is poisonous. The adult male frog is about 38.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 42.8 mm long. The head is as wide as the body and the nose is round.  This frog has teeth in its upper jaw.  The male frog has a sac that it uses to call. There is no webbed skin on any of the four feet. There are disks on the toes for climbing.  There is more red or orange color near the front of the body, and the back legs are almost all black. The belly can be black to light orange in color. The bottoms of the feet can be gray or bright orange.

## Home

This frog lives in Peru in the Cordillera Azul (Blue Ridge).  This is on the east side of the Andes Mountains. This frog is awake during the day. It lives in tropical forests on mountains. People see it under logs and under piles of leaves. Sometimes people see it in places inside the forest that don't have many trees and near tea farms. Scientists saw the frog between 1200 and 1800 meters above sea level.

One of the places the frog lives is a protected parks: Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul.

## Poison

This frog makes chemicals that come out in its skin. These chemicals are pumiliotoxin-A alkaloids.  Unlike other poison dart frogs, they do not make batrachotoxin alkaloids, which are more powerful poison.  Scientists saw a frog-eating snake catch an _A. silverstonei_ frog, but it let it go immediately. The snake then looked sick and tried to rub its mouth on branches. The snake did not die. Scientists think this means that the frog had enough poison to stop other animals that want to eat it.

## Young

The male frog makes a sound called a trill to the female frogs. The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. The male frog watches the eggs. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to water, for example streams and puddles. Scientists saw one male frog watching one group of eggs that had 30 eggs in it.

The tadpoles start out gray or brown-black in color and slowly get some yellow color as they get older and bigger.  Their brown parts slowly become black and their yellow parts become light orange or red as they become small frogs.  The small frogs have the same colors as adults after 12 months.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Humans change the places where the frog lives. People cut down forests to make places for cows to eat grass and to make farms. For example, they make farms for tea, which is legal, and for drug plants, which are not legal. People also catch this frog to sell as a pet, even though this is against the law. Scientists believe that most captured frogs die before reaching their new homes as people's pets. Scientists also say that climate change could hurt this frog.
Ban number

**Ban numbers** are numbers that exclude a specific letter when spelled out in English.

There are several published sequences of ban numbers:

- The **aban numbers** exclude the letter A. The first few aban numbers are 1 through 999, 1,000,000 through 1,000,999, 2,000,000 through 2,000,999, ... The word "and" is not counted.
- The **dban numbers** exclude the letter D. The first few dban numbers are 1 through 99, 1,000,000 through 1,000,099, 2,000,000 through 2,000,099, 3,000,000 through 3,000,099, ...
- The **eban numbers** exclude the letter E. The first few eban numbers are 2, 4, 6, 30, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 54, 56, 60, 62, 64, 66, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2030, ... . The sequence was coined in 1990 by Neil Sloane. Coincidentally, all the numbers in the sequence are even.
- The **hban numbers** exclude the letter H. The first few hban numbers are 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, ...
- The **iban numbers** exclude the letter I. The first few iban numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 40, ... . Since all the -illion numbers contain the letter I, there are exactly 30,275 iban numbers, the largest being 777,777.
- The **nban numbers** exclude the letter N. The first few nban numbers are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, ... . Since "hundred", "thousand", and all the -illion numbers contain the letter N, there are exactly 42 nban numbers, the largest being 88.
- The **oban numbers** exclude the letter O. The first few oban numbers are 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, ... . Since "thousand" and all the -illion numbers contain the letter O, there are exactly 454 oban numbers, the largest being 999. Saying the word "o" for numbers with 0 in the tens place is not counted.
- The **rban numbers** exclude the letter R. The first few rban numbers are 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, ...
- The **sban numbers** exclude the letter S. The first few sban numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, ... .
- The **tban numbers** exclude the letter T. The first few tban numbers are 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 400, 401, 404, 405, 406, 407, 409, 411, ... .
- The **uban numbers** exclude the letter U. The first few uban numbers are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, ... .
- The **wban numbers** exclude the letter W. The first few uban numbers are 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ... .
- The **yban numbers** exclude the letter Y. The first few yban numbers are 1 through 19, 100 through 119, 200 through 219, 300 through 319, ... .

## Basic properties

All odd numbers always contain the letter "e", such as "one", "three", "five", "seven", "nine", "eleven", and all the -teen numbers (13-19).
Union of Concerned Scientists

The **Union of Concerned Scientists** is a nonprofit organization which is said to solve "the planet's most pressing problems". It has made numerous talks on the climate crisis, the sea level rise, and, just recently, the aftermath of the re-election of Donald J. Trump on the planet.
Pedro Agramunt

**Pedro Agramunt Font de Mora** (12 September 1951 – 25 November 2024) was a Spanish politician. Agramunt was born in Valencia, Spain. He was a member of the Senate of Spain from 2008 until his death. He was a member of the Spanish Congress of Deputies from 1989 to 1991. He was a member of the People's Party. He was also a Chairman of the European People's Party from 2016 until his death.

Agramunt died on 25 November 2024 in Valencia at the age of 73.
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot

**Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot**, MCCJ (17 June 1952 – 25 November 2024) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church and a historian. He was an official of the Roman Curia from 2012 until his death. He was also an archbishop from 2016 until his death. In 2019, Pope Francis promoted him to cardinal. Ayuso Guixot was born in Seville, Spain.

Ayuso Guixot died on 25 November 2024 at a hospital in Rome, Italy at the age of 72.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot
- **honorific-suffix**: Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus, M.C.C.J.
- **title**: Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
- **image**: Miguel Ayuso Guixot (cropped2).jpg
- **church**: Roman Catholic Church
- **appointed**: 25 May 2019
- **predecessor**: Jean-Louis Tauran
- **ordination**: 20 September 1980
- **ordained by**: José María Bueno y Monreal
- **consecration**: 19 March 2016
- **consecrated by**: Pope Francis
- **cardinal**: 5 October 2019
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Francis
- **rank**: Cardinal-Deacon
- **birth name**: Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot
- **birth place**: Seville, Francoist Spain, Spain
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **coat of arms**:
- **caption**: Ayuso Guixot in 2021
Colin Renfrew

**Andrew Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn**,  (25 July 1937 – 24 November 2024) was a British archaeologist, paleolinguist and Conservative peer. He was known for his work on radiocarbon dating, the prehistory of languages, archaeogenetics, neuroarchaeology, and worked to stop looting at archaeological sites.

Renfrew was a professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge from 1981 until 2004. Before, he was the Master of Jesus College, Cambridge from 1986 until 1996. Renfrew was born in Stockton-on-Tees, England.

Renfrew died on 24 November 2024 in Cambridge, England at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Renfrew's page at the McDonald Institute
- Biographical interviews from Web of Stories (video)
- Interview  with Alan Macfarlane (video)
- (video)
- Lecture on looting and illicit antiquities (MP3)
Meta Velander

**Eva Margareta "Meta" Velander** (13 August 1924 – 16 May 2025) was a Swedish actress. She was born in Danderyd, Sweden. Velander was raised in Stockholm. Her career began in 1945 and she retired in 2020.

Velander is known for voice dubbing several voice roles in Disney movies. Her works include: _The Aristocats_ (1970), _The Rescuers_ (1977), _The Black Cauldron_ (1985), _The Great Mouse Detective_ (1986), _Beauty and the Beast_ (1991), and in _The Incredibles_ (2004).

Velander turned 100 in August 2024.

Velander died on 16 May 2025 in Djursholm, Sweden at the age of 100.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Meta Velander
- **image**: Meta Velander.jpg
- **caption**: Velander in 2014
- **birth name**: Eva Margareta Velander
- **birth place**: Danderyd, Sweden
- **death place**: Danderyd, Sweden
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1945–2020
- **children**: 2
Beyond-armour effect

**Beyond-armour effect** is a term coined by Försvarets Fabriksverk (FFV), a semi-governmental Swedish defense firm, while developing the AT4 anti-tank weapon. The expression is now essentially common place in contemporary military jargon.

## History

Almost all armies began using man-portable antitank weapons with shaped charge warheads, or HEAT bullets as they are more widely known today, during World War II. The benefit of these warheads is that they are unaffected by the velocity of the projectile. They break through armor by detonating an explosive charge that is attached to a cone-shaped or, more accurately, ogive-shaped liner.

Shaped charge warheads have the drawback of having a deeper ogive-shaped liner, which allows the warhead to penetrate more deeply but creates a smaller hole—smaller holes are linked to less damage within armored vehicles than bigger ones.

Several M24 Chaffee light tanks had been dismantled and flown in by France during the siege of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. Only 25.4 mm of armor was the thickest they had. The vintage 2.36-inch American bazooka from World War Two, which was taken from Nationalist Chinese forces and provided by Communist China, served as the primary infantry antitank weapon for the Viet Minh. The French used the M24 to back their men in counterattacks during the siege. Portable rocket launchers were far from perfect tank-killers, as one Chaffee fought on after taking seven hits from 2.36-inch bazookas.

The U.S. Army also discovered that in combat, with rare exceptions, more than one hit by the M72 LAW rocket was required to disable or kill the North Vietnamese PT-76 light tank.
BBC Genome Project

The **BBC Genome Project** is an online searchable database of programme listings. It is based on materials of the _Radio Times_ from the first issue in 1923 to 2009. Television listings from post-2009 can be found in the BBC Programmes site.
BBC Africa Eye

**BBC Africa Eye** is a controversial part of the BBC World Service, which aims at investigating and exposing societal ills in many African countries.
In Nigeria, for example, it is noted for investigating and exposing the pregnancy scam that is common in the country.
Erica Lee Carter

**Erica Shelwyn Lee Carter** (née **Lee**; born February 2, 1980) is an American Democratic politician. She was the U.S. representative for Texas's 18th congressional district from 2024 to 2025. She replaced her mother, U.S. Representative Sheila Jackson Lee, who died in office.

## Other websites

- Erica Lee Carter for U.S. Congress

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Erica Lee Carter
- **image**: Erica Lee Carter 118th Congress portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **state**: Texas
- **term start**: November 12, 2024
- **term end**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Sheila Jackson Lee
- **successor**: Sylvester Turner
- **office1**: Trustee of the Harris County Department of Education
- **term start1**: January 2013
- **term end1**: January 2019
- **constituency1**: 1st Precinct, Position 6
- **birth name**: Erica Shelwyn Lee
- **mother**: Sheila Jackson Lee
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Bachelor's degree, BA)
Duke University (Master of Public Policy, MPP)
Texas's 18th congressional district

**Texas's 18th congressional district** of the United States House of Representatives includes much of inner city Houston and the surrounding area.  It has been the Downtown Houston district since 1972. The district is currently represented by Democrat Sylvester Turner.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Texas
- **district number**: 18
- **image name**: Texas US Congressional District 18 (since 2021).tif
- **image width**: 400
- **image caption**: Texas's 18th congressional district since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Sylvester Turner
- **party**: Democratic
- **residence**: Houston
- **percent urban**: 99.94
- **percent rural**: 0.06
- **population**: 788,066
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $59,212
- **percent white**: 16.7
- **percent black**: 32.2
- **percent asian**: 4.9
- **percent more than one race**: 2.2
- **percent hispanic**: 43.4
- **percent other race**: 0.7
- **cpvi**: D+23
Annise Parker

**Annise Danette Parker** (born May 17, 1956) is an American Democratic politician. She was the 61st Mayor of Houston, Texas from 2010 until 2016. She also was an at-large member of the Houston City Council from 1998 to 2003 and city controller from 2004 to 2010.

Parker was Houston's second female mayor and one of the first openly gay mayors of a major U.S. city, with Houston being the most populous U.S. city to elect an openly gay mayor until Lori Lightfoot was elected mayor of Chicago in 2019.

## Other websites

- Annise Parker article in Ballotpedia
- Annise Parker campaign website (archived)
- CityMayors Mayor of the Month profile of Annise Parker (February 2015)
- Parker, Annise and Madeline Appel. Mayor Annise Parker Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, December 29, 2010.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Annise Parker
- **image**: Annise Parker.JPG
- **caption**: Parker in 2008
- **office**: 61st List of mayors of Houston, Mayor of Houston
- **term start**: January 2, 2010
- **term end**: January 2, 2016
- **predecessor**: Bill White (Texas politician), Bill White
- **successor**: Sylvester Turner
- **office1**: 14th City Controller of Houston
- **term start1**: January 2, 2004
- **term end1**: January 2, 2010
- **predecessor1**: Judy Johnson
- **successor1**: Ronald C. Green, Ronald Green
- **office2**: Member of the Houston City Council
from At-large Position 1
- **term start2**: January 2, 1998
- **term end2**: January 2, 2004
- **predecessor2**: Gracie Saenz
- **successor2**: Mark Ellis
- **birth name**: Annise Danette Parker
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Rice University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **website**:
Bill White (Texas politician)

**William Howard White** (born June 16, 1954) is an American lawyer, businessman and politician. He was the 60th mayor of Houston from 2004 to 2010. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

White was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Texas in the 2010 election, however he lost to Republican Governor Rick Perry. He was the U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1995.

## Other websites

- Profile at CityMayors.com
- Bill White for Texas Governor _Official campaign website_
- Bill White's Environmental Record at GreenHoustonTX

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bill White
- **image**: Bill White.jpg
- **caption**: White in 2009
- **office1**: 60th List of mayors of Houston, Mayor of Houston
- **term start1**: January 2, 2004
- **term end1**: January 2, 2010
- **predecessor1**: Lee P. Brown
- **successor1**: Annise Parker
- **office2**: United States Deputy Secretary of Energy
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: June 26, 1993
- **term end2**: January 20, 1995
- **predecessor2**: Linda Stuntz
- **successor2**: Charles B. Curtis
- **birth name**: William Howard White
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Andrea White, Andrea Ferguson
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Texas at Austin (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **signature**: Bill White Signature.svg
Kathy Whitmire

**Kathryn Jean Whitmire** (née **Niederhofer**; born August 15, 1946) is an American politician, businesswoman, and accountant. She was the 57th Mayor of Houston from 1982 to 1992. She was the city's first female mayor.

## Other websites

- Whitmire, Mayor Kathy and Jim Barlow. Mayor Kathy Whitmire Oral History, Houston Oral History Project, July 14, 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Kathy Whitmire.jpeg
- **office**: 57th List of mayors of Houston, Mayor of Houston
- **term start**: January 2, 1982
- **term end**: January 2, 1992
- **predecessor**: Jim McConn
- **successor**: Bob Lanier (politician), Bob Lanier
- **office1**: 47th President of the United States Conference of Mayors
- **term start1**: 1989
- **term end1**: 1990
- **predecessor1**: Arthur John Holland, Arthur Holland
- **successor1**: Robert M. Isaac, Robert Isaac
- **office2**: Politics of Houston, City Controller of Houston
- **term start2**: December 13, 1977
- **term end2**: January 2, 1982
- **predecessor2**: Leonel Castillo
- **successor2**: Lance Lalor
- **birth name**: Kathryn Jean Niederhofer
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **relations**: John Whitmire (former brother-in-law)
- **residence**: Hauʻula, Hawaii, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Houston (Bachelor of Business Administration, BBA)
Sam Yorty

**Samuel William Yorty** (October 1, 1909 – June 5, 1998) was an American politician, attorney, and radio host. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1951 to 1955. He was the 37th Mayor of Los Angeles from 1961 to 1973. He began his career as a Democrat, but later became a Republican in 1973.

Yorty ran for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States twice in 1964 and in 1972, losing both times.

Yorty died on June 5, 1998 at his home in Los Angeles, California from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 88.

## Other websites

- _Time_: Mayor Yorty Cover, September 2, 1966
- "Yorty's Chortle", _Time Magazine_. April 16, 1965
- Author, Jennifer. "Sam Yorty Dead At 88", CNN, June 5, 1998
- Meyerson, Harold. "Sam Yorty, 1909-1998", _LA Weekly_, June 12, 1998 Sam Yorty, 1909-1998
- Pearson, Richard. "Combative Politician Sam Yorty Dies at 88", _The Washington Post_, June 7, 1998
- Oral history interview on California politics Political advocacy and loyalty : oral history transcripts / and related material, 1977-1982
- City of Los Angeles archives for the Yorty administration https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002745/http://ens.lacity.org/clk/rmdroot/clkrmdroot56919374_05052004.pdf
- Join California Sam Yorty

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sam Yorty
- **image**: Sam Yorty, 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Yorty in 1964
- **order**: 37th Mayor of Los Angeles, California, Mayor of Los Angeles
- **term start**: July 1, 1961
- **term end**: July 1, 1973
- **predecessor**: Norris Poulson, C. Norris Poulson
- **successor**: Tom Bradley (American politician), Tom Bradley
- **office1**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from California
- **term start1**: January 3, 1951
- **term end1**: January 3, 1955
- **predecessor1**: Helen Gahagan Douglas
- **successor1**: James Roosevelt
- **constituency1**: (1951–53)
 (1953–55)
- **state assembly2**: California
- **district2**: California's 64th State Assembly district, 64th
- **term2**: January 4, 1937 – January 6, 1941
- **preceded2**: John D. McCarthy
- **succeeded2**: Roger Alton Pfaff
- **birth date**: October 1, 1909
- **birth place**: Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (until 1973)
Republican Party (United States), Republican (from 1973)
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Army Air Corps
- **rank**: Captain (United States), Captain
- **unit**: Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army), Intelligence Corps
- **battles**: World War II Asiatic-Pacific Theater, Pacific Theater
Fred Hofheinz

**James Fred Hofheinz** (born March 15, 1938) is an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He was the 55th mayor of Houston, Texas from 1974 to 1978. Hofheinz's father, Roy, was mayor of the city in the 1950s.

## Other websites

- Hofheinz, Mayor Fred and Frank Michel. Mayor Fred Hofheinz Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, February 11, 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fred Hofheinz
- **image**: Fred Hofheinz UH.jpeg
- **caption**: Fred Hofheinz campaigning at the University of Houston, 1973
- **office**: 55th List of mayors of Houston, Mayor of Houston
- **term start**: January 2, 1974
- **term end**: January 2, 1978
- **predecessor**: Louie Welch
- **successor**: Jim McConn
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Linda Hickerson
- **father**: Roy Hofheinz
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Roy Hofheinz Jr. (brother)
- **residence**: Houston, Texas
- **alma mater**: University of Texas (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
University of Houston (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **profession**: Lawyer, Attorney
California State University, Fullerton

**Cal State Fullerton** is a major public teaching university in Fullerton, California. With nearly 42,000 students, the university has one of the highest enrollments in the U.S. The university is known for its affordability and is a leader in educating first-generation students and students from historically underrepresented groups, such as Hispanics.

There are eight colleges within Cal State Fullerton:

- College of the Arts
- College of Business and Economics
- College of Communications
- College of Education
- College of Engineering and Computer Science
- College of Health and Human Development
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences
- College of Natural Science and Mathematics

The College of Business and Economics is particularly acclaimed, and is the largest business school on the West Coast and one of the few dual accredited in accounting and business.

Cal State Fullerton was founded in 1957. Before that time, much of the area now occupied by the campus was citrus farms. The Arboretum and Botanical Gardens at Cal State Fullerton preserve some pre-university artifacts, such as the home of one of Orange County's first medical doctors, as well as the natural landscapes of such diverse regions as the African savannah, the Pacific Northwest and the Southwest deserts.

The student-run newspaper at Cal State Fullerton is the Daily Titan.

Notable alumni include Kevin Costner, U.S. Representatives Ed Royce and Lou Correa, singer Gwen Stefani, theologian Kim Riddlebarger, and countless entrepreneurs and CEOs in many industries.
Nation of immigrants

**Nation of immigrants** is a belief. Nation of immigrants is a belief that the United States of America is a nation made up of immigrants. That means: Nation of immigrants is a belief that the United States of America is a group of people with a shared language; Nation of immigrants is a belief that the United States of America is a group of people with a shared history; Nation of immigrants is a belief that the United States of America is a group of people with a shared culture; Nation of immigrants is a belief that the United States of America is a group of people who came to the United States of America recently. Part of the reason the set of words "nation of immigrants" is used so much is that the 35th president of the United States of America made it the name of his book.

## Read the book

- http://archive.org/details/nationofimmigran00kenn
Jürgen Trumpf

**Jürgen Trumpf** (8 July 1931 – 13 May 2023) was a German politician. He was the Secretary-General for the Council of the European Union from 1 September 1994 to 17 October 1999. He was also the first High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy for a few months in 1999.

Trumpf died on 13 May 2023 in Bonn, Germany at the age of 91.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jürgen Trumpf
- **office**: High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy
- **term start**: 1 May 1999
- **term end**: 18 October 1999
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **successor**: Javier Solana
- **office1**: Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union, Secretary General of the Council of the European Union
- **term start1**: 1 September 1994
- **term end1**: 18 October 1999
- **predecessor1**: Niels Ersbøll
- **successor1**: Javier Solana
- **birth place**: Düsseldorf, Rhine Province, Free State of Prussia, Prussia, Weimar Republic, Germany
- **death place**: Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- **education**: University of Innsbruck
- **image**: P0009360117H Jürgen Trumpf.jpg
Colorado's 4th congressional district

**Colorado's 4th congressional district** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is located in the eastern part of the state. It is made up of most of the rural Eastern Plains, as well as portions of the Colorado Front Range, including Loveland, Highlands Ranch, Castle Rock, and Parker.

The district is currently represented by Republican Lauren Boebert. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+13, it is the most Republican district in Colorado. It is also the richest congressional district in the state of Colorado.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Colorado
- **district number**: 4
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Lauren Boebert
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Windsor
- **percent urban**: 72.9
- **percent rural**: 27.1
- **population**: 767,791
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $109,710
- **percent white**: 75.8
- **percent hispanic**: 13.6
- **percent black**: 1.7
- **percent asian**: 3.5
- **percent more than one race**: 4.5
- **percent other race**: 0.9
- **cpvi**: R+9
Krishna Aur Kans

**Krishna Aur Kans** is a 2012 Hindi animated movie made by Reliance Entertainment. Vikram Veturi directed it. The film was tax-free in six states when it came out and was available in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and English. A new mobile game was also launched for Janmashtami based on the movie. It was the most widely released animated movie in India.