Inverted roller coaster

**Inverted Coaster** (_sometimes known as **Inverts** by Coaster enthusiasts_) is a roller coaster designed by Bolliger and Mabillard and was first conceived in 1992. Unlike the other coaster which above the track, This coaster sits you by the bottom of the track, making a flying sensation.

## Development

The inverted coaster was coined by the Swiss roller coaster designers Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) In 1991/92. The first installation of the Inverts came at Six Flags Great America in 1992. Batman: The Ride opened to much fanfare and was "cloned" many times at other parks. The inverted coaster quickly became an favorite with custom designs installed nearly every year. The tallest and fastest inverted coaster is Wicked Twister at Cedar Point at 215 feet (66 m) tall and reaching speeds up to 72 miles per hour. Although, it was not built by B&M. The longest inverted coaster is Banshee at Kings Island which travels along 4,124 feet of track.

Other roller coaster manufacturers followed in the footsteps of Bolliger & Mabillard and began working on their own inverted coaster designs, including Vekoma, Intamin (Which was the builders of Wicker Twister in 2002) and other smaller companies. Intamin has few designs classified as inverted coasters, although they do install inverted coaster trains on some of their launched designs. Vekoma

In recent years, Vekoma has become the first manufacturer to install a family-friendly inverted roller coaster.

The inversions usually include vertical loops, zero gravity rolls, Immelmann loops, cobra rolls, and corkscrews.

## Installations

189 inverted roller coasters have been installed at various theme parks, some of which have been relocated. The following list is not exhaustive and only shows the most notable installations.

|Name|Park|Opened|Manufacturer|Status|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags Great America|1992|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags Great Adventure|1993|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Flight Deck|California's Great America|1993|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags Magic Mountain|1994|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Raptor|Cedar Point|1994|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Nemesis|Alton Towers|1994|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|El Condor|Walibi Holland|1994|Vekoma|Operating|
|Diavlo|Himeji Central Park|1994|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags St. Louis|1995|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|T3|Kentucky Kingdom|1995|Vekoma|Closed 2022|
|Eurostar|German Traveling Fairs|1995|Intamin/Giovanola|Operating|
|Flight Deck|Canada's Wonderland|1995|Vekoma|Operating|
|Hurricane|Rusutsu Resort|1995|Vekoma|Operating|
|Lethal Weapon - The Ride|Warner Bros. Movie World|1995|Vekoma|Operating|
|Fly - The Great Nor'easter|Morey's Piers|1995|Vekoma|Operating|
|F2 Fright Flight|Nasu Highland Park|1995|Vekoma|Operating|
|Mind Eraser|Six Flags America|1995|Vekoma|Operating|
|Montu|Busch Gardens Tampa Bay|1996|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags Over Georgia|1997|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|The Great White|SeaWorld San Antonio|1997|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Mind Eraser|Darien Lake|1997|Vekoma|Operating|
|Mind Eraser|Six Flags New England|1997|Vekoma|Operating|
|Mind Eraser|Elitch Gardens|1997|Vekoma|Operating|
|Mayan Adventure|Formosa Aboriginal Culture Village|1997|Vekoma|Operating|
|Alpengeist|Busch Gardens Williamsburg|1997|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Jaguar|Isla Magica|1997|Vekoma|Operating|
|Nio|Mitsui Greenland|1997|Vekoma|Operating|
|Great Bear|Hersheypark|1998|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Linear Gale|LaQua|1998|Intamin|Operating|
|Volcano, The Blast Coaster|Kings Dominion|1998|Intamin|Closed 2018|
|Blue Tornado|Gardaland|1998|Vekoma|Operating|
|Cape Cobras|Ratanga Junction|1998|Vekoma|Operating|
|_Kong_ <small>Formerly _The Hangman_</small>||Six Flags Discovery Kingdom <small>Opryland</small>|| 1998 <small>1995</small>||Vekoma||Operating <small>Closed 1997</small>|||
|Tornado|Parque de Atracciones de Madrid|1999|Intamin|Operating|
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags Over Texas|1999|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Dragon Challenge|Islands of Adventure|1999|Bolliger & Mabillard|Closed 2017|
|Roller Coaster|Dream Park|1999|Vekoma|Operating|
|Afterburn|Carowinds|1999|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Limit|Heide Park|1999|Vekoma|Operating|
|Anaconda|Gold Reef City|1999|Giovanola|Operating|
|Twisted Typhoon|Wild Adventures|1999|Vekoma|Operating|
|Vampire|Walibi Belgium|1999|Vekoma|Operating|
|Invertigo|Kings Island|1999|Vekoma|Operating|
|Queen Bee|Center Norte|1999|Pinfari|Closed 2007|
|Desafio|Parque de la Costa|1999|Vekoma|Operating|
|Tornado|Parque de Atracciones de Madrid|1999|Intamin|Operating|
|Katun|Mirabilandia|2000|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Batman: The Ride|Six Flags Mexico|2000|Vekoma|Operating|
|Mirage Rosso|Zoosafari Fasanolandia|2000|Fabbri Group|Operating|
|Kumba|Superland|2001|Vekoma|Operating|
|MP Xpress|Movie Park Germany|2001|Vekoma|Operating|
|Talon|Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom|2001|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Tornado|Särkänniemi|2001|Intamin|Operating|
|Great Fluffy Sky Adventure|Fuji-Q Highland|2001|Hoei Sangyo Co., Ltd.|Operating|
|Flying Ace Aerial Chase|Kings Island|2001|Vekoma|Operating|
|Silver Streak|Canada's Wonderland|2001|Vekoma|Operating|
|Screaming Condor|Leofoo Village Theme Park|2001|Intamin|Operating|
|Vertical Velocity|Six Flags Great America|2001|Intamin|Operating|
|Batman la Fuga|Parque Warner Madrid|2002|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Stunt Fall|Parque Warner Madrid|2002|Vekoma|Operating|
|Wicked Twister|Cedar Point|2002|Intamin|Operating|
|Le Vampire|La Ronde|2002|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|V2: Vertical Velocity|Six Flags Discovery Kingdom|2002|Intamin|Operating|
|Snow Mountain Flying Dragon|Happy Valley, Shenzhen|2002|Vekoma|Operating|
|Sky Rocket|Dreamworld|2002|Vekoma|Operating|
|Jubilee Odyssey|Fantasy Island|2002|Vekoma|Operating|
|Queen Bee|Botton's Pleasure Beach|2002|Pinfari|Operating|
|Nemesis Inferno|Thorpe Park|2003|Bolliger & Mabillard|Operating|
|Swamp Thing|Wild Adventures|2003|Vekoma|Operating|
|Flying Ace Aerial Chase|Carowinds|2003|Vekoma|Operating|