juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pete Wilson

**Peter Barton "Pete" Wilson** (born August 23, 1933) is an American Republican Party politician.

Wilson was the 36th Governor of California from 1991 through 1999. Before this, he was a United States Senator from 1983 through 1991, the Mayor of San Diego from 1971 through 1983 and a California State Assemblyman from 1967 through 1971.

A Republican, Wilson passed the anti-immigrant 1994 California Proposition 187. Since then, the only California Republican to win a major statewide election is Arnold Schwarzenegger.

He ran for the Republican nomination for President in 1996.

## Other websites

- Reaffirming Liberty: Wilson for President Campaign Brochure
- Pete Wilson, Candidate for Governor, 1994 Platform Papers, Speeches and Endorsements
- Pete Wilson Biography and Inaugural addresses
- Hoover Institution Biography
- Cal Voter: Gov. Wilson's Record on Crime
- Undated speech by Pete Wilson on Affirmative Action titled "The Minority-Majority Society"

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Pete Wilson official portrait, 1991 (cropped).jpg
- **name**: Pete Wilson
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1991
- **order**: List of Governors of California, 36th
- **office**: Governor of California
- **term start**: January 7, 1991
- **term end**: January 4, 1999
- **lieutenant**: Leo T. McCarthy <small>(1991–95)</small>
Gray Davis <small>(1995–99)</small>
- **predecessor**: George Deukmejian
- **successor**: Gray Davis
- **order2**: United States Senator
from California
- **term start2**: January 3, 1983
- **term end2**: January 7, 1991
- **predecessor2**: Samuel I. Hayakawa
- **successor2**: John F. Seymour
- **order3**: List of mayors of San Diego, 29th
- **office3**: Mayor of San Diego
- **predecessor3**: Francis Earl Curran
- **successor3**: William E. Cleator, Sr. (acting)
- **state assembly4**: California
- **district4**: California's 76th State Assembly district, 76th
- **term start4**: January 3, 1967
- **term end4**: January 7, 1971
- **predecessor4**: Clair Burgener
- **successor4**: Bob Wilson
- **birth place**: Lake Forest, Illinois, U.S.
- **birthname**: Peter Barton Wilson
- **spouse**: Gayle Wilson, Gayle Edlund Wilson
- **children**: Todd Chandler Graham (stepson)
 Philip Edlund Graham (stepson)
- **alma mater**: Yale University
UC Berkeley School of Law
- **profession**: Politician
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **serviceyears**: 1955–1958
- **unit**: Infantry commander
Gray Davis

**Joseph Graham** "**Gray**" **Davis, Jr.** (born December 26, 1942) is an American retired politician and attorney.

Davis served as the 37th Governor of California from 1999 to 2003. He was a member of the Democratic Party, only months into his second term, in 2003 Davis was recalled and removed from office, the second state governor successfully recalled in U.S. history.

Before serving as governor, Davis was chief of staff to Governor Jerry Brown (1975–81), a California State Assemblyman (1983–87), California State Controller (1987–95) and the 44th Lieutenant Governor of California (1995–99).

Davis holds a BA in history from Stanford University and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. He was awarded a Bronze Star for his service as a Captain in the Vietnam War.

## Other websites

- Gray Davis Digital Library  (active web site, launched 2006)
- Department of Energy article on Davis' energy conservation efforts

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gray Davis
- **image**: Gray Davis.jpg
- **order**: List of Governors of California, 37th Governor of California
- **lieutenant**: Cruz Bustamante
- **term start**: January 4, 1999
- **term end**: November 17, 2003
- **predecessor**: Pete Wilson
- **successor**: Arnold Schwarzenegger
- **office1**: List of lieutenant governors of California, 44th Lieutenant Governor of California
- **governor1**: Pete Wilson
- **term start1**: January 2, 1995
- **term end1**: January 4, 1999
- **predecessor1**: Leo T. McCarthy
- **successor1**: Cruz Bustamante
- **office2**: California State Controller, Controller of California
- **governor2**: George Deukmejian
Pete Wilson
- **term start2**: January 5, 1987
- **term end2**: January 2, 1995
- **predecessor2**: Kenneth Cory
- **successor2**: Kathleen Connell
- **state assembly3**: California
- **district3**: California's 43rd State Assembly district, 43rd
- **term start3**: 1982
- **term end3**: 1986
- **predecessor3**: Howard Berman
- **successor3**: Terry Friedman
- **office4**: Chief of Staff to the Governor of California
- **governor4**: Jerry Brown
- **term start4**: 1975
- **term end4**: 1981
- **predecessor4**: Edwin Meese
- **successor4**: B. T. Collins
- **birth name**: Joseph Graham Davis Jr.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Sharon Davis, Sharon Ryer
- **education**: Stanford University
Columbia University
- **signature**: Gray Davis Signature.svg
- **rank**:  Captain (United States O-3), Captain
- **serviceyears**: 1967–1969
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **mawards**: Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star
Kapuas River

The **Kapuas River** is the longest river in Indonesia and one of the world's longest rivers.
Jamal Murray

**Jamal Murray** (born February 23, 1997) is a Canadian basketball player. He was picked 7th by the Denver Nuggets in the 2016 NBA Draft. He is  tall. He wears the number 27. He played at the University of Kentucky before entering the draft. At this season's all star break, he was selected as part of the WORLD rising stars team and scored 36 points.
Mapai

**Mapai**, Hebrew: מפא"י , is a former Israeli political party. Mapai is an acronym for Mifleget Poalai Eretz Israel which is Hebrew for party of the proletariat of the land of Israel.

Its ideology was social democratic and Zionist.

Founders were David Ben-Gurion and Aaron David Gordon.

Mapai was established in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1930 and merged into HaAvoda in 1968.
Alignment (Israel)

**HaMa'arakh**, Hebrew: המערך , meaning _The Alignment_, was an Israeli alliance of social democratic parties.

HaMa'arakh existed two times:

1. 1965-1969 between Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda.

These two parties merged with Rafi into HaAvoda in 1968.

2. 1968-1991 between HaAvoda and Mapam.

Mapam was a predecessor of Meretz.
Gammelstad Church Town

**Gammelstad Church Town** () is a World Heritage Site in Gammelstaden close to the city of Luleå, Sweden. The church village consists of 424 wooden houses around a stone church from the early 15th-century.

## Motivation for World Heritage Site

Gammelstad Church Town was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1996 with the motivation:

## References

</references>

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå
- **image**: Gammelstad.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: Gammelstad Church Town
- **location**: Gammelstaden, Luleå Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden
- **criteria**: (ii), (iv), (v)
- **id**: 762
- **year**: 1996
- **locmapin**: Sweden Norrbotten#Sweden
Iron deficiency (plant disorder)

**Iron deficiency** is a plant disorder. When a plant doesn't get enough iron, its leaves get yellow and brown.
Clint Hurdle

**Clinton Merrick Hurdle** (born July 30, 1957) is a retired manager of MLB teams. His most recent job was as the manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates. On September 28 2019, Hurdle was fired by the Pirates. He decided not to take a new job, and instead retired. During the He has previously managed the Colorado Rockies. In 2007, he led the Rockies to the World Series, which they lost to the Boston Red Sox. Before he became a manager, Hurdle played baseball as an outfielder and was a member of the Kansas City Royals, Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, and St. Louis Cardinals.
Iron poisoning

**Iron poisoning** happens when you eat too much iron or iron supplement pills. If you are two years old, eating about three grams can kill you. Symptoms include stomach pain and bloody vomit.
Hatnua

**HaTnu'a** () is an Israeli political party.

Its ideology is social liberal, secular and Zionist.

HaTnu'a was founded in 2012 by Tzipi Livni (also political leader), as a splitting from Kadima.

Number of seats in the 20th Knesset: 5 (down one from 19th Knesset).<br/ >
HaTnu'a is cooperating with HaAvoda ("Labor") and HaTnu'a HaYeruqa ("The Green Movement") as HaMahaneh HaTziyoni (_The Zionist Union_). Together they have 24 seats.
Minette

**Minette** is a French word for rocks with very little iron. In the 6 billion tons of minette on Earth, 2 billion are iron. Over time, France has decided to just import rocks with more iron in them.
Johanna Mikl-Leitner

**Johanna Mikl-Leitner** (born February 9, 1964 in Hollabrunn) is an Austrian politician of the ÖVP.

Mikl-Leitner has been governor of Lower Austria since April 19, 2017, succeeding fellow party member Erwin Pröll. She had already been active in Lower Austrian politics.

On a national level, she was a member of the National Council (_Nationalrat_) from 1999 to 2003, and from 2011 to 2016 interior minister in the First and Second Faymann government.

Mikl-Leitner grew up in the Weinviertel region of Lower Austria. She obtained a masters at Vienna University of Economics and Business, worked as a teacher, at Austrian employers' organization (_Industriellenvereinigung_) and at a publishing company before entering into politics.

She is married with two daughters, and lives in Klosterneuburg.

## References

- Bio at Austrian Parliament Website

## Other websites

- Homepage
Nickel-iron battery

The **nickel–iron battery** (NiFe battery) are batteries made of iron and nickel oxide hydroxide, with a potassium hydroxide electrolyte. They are very strong, and do not break easily. They can last for more than 20 years. They are slow to charge. They are often used on trains. They are similar to the nickel cadmium battery, but using iron instead of toxic cadmium. The voltage is 1.2 volts per cell, the same as the nickel cadmium battery.

Nickel-iron batteries are very durable. They can be charged many times. They are often associated with Thomas Edison, although he did not invent this type of battery. Edison's company manufactured the batteries until the early 1970s. Today they are made by several Chinese companies. They are often used in applications where a very long service life is required, such as large off-grid solar power systems.

## Related pages

- Nickel–zinc battery - a similar battery with a higher capacity and higher voltage, but a shorter lifespan
Oregrounds iron

**Oregrounds iron** was the best iron made in the 18th century. It was made in the Swedish city of Öregrund. Oregrounds iron is made by making pig iron in a blast furnace, then refining the pig iron in a finery forge.
Osmond process

The **Osmond process** is a way to make wrought iron. First, pig iron is refined in a modified finery forge. Then, the drops of melted iron fall down, and collect into a large ball of iron. This ball is called an Osmond.
Pelletization

**Pelletization** is the process of turning something, usually a metal ore or animal feed, into small pellets.

In ores, usually something is added to the pellets to make them more usable. After the ore is pelletized, it has to be cooled down to be used.
Rieke metals

**Rieke metals** are a group of metal powders made by Reuben D. Rieke. They have a large surface area and are very reactive.
Russia iron

**Russia iron** was a type of iron made in Russia. It was made in the 19th and 20th century. Russia iron was very resistant to rust, corrosion, and heat.
Stringer (slag)

A **stringer** is a thin strand of slag in wrought iron. If there is not much of it, it makes the iron stronger. But if there is too much, it makes the iron weaker.
District of Alto Adige

**District of Alto Adige** was a district in the "Department of Benaco" in the Napoleon's "Cisalpine Republic" (1797-1798).

## History

Under the Cisalpine Republic a District of Alto Adige (called in Italian: _Distretto dell'Alto Adige_) was created as a part of the short-lived "Department of Benaco". The District of Alto Adige included some municipalities of today's province of Verona.

The "Department of Benaco", which was created in 1797 and included some territories of actual Province of Trento and Province of Verona, was disbanded in 1798 and with it the District of Alto Adige after a structural reorganization of the Napoleon's first Italian republic.

The _Alto Adige_ name was used again by the French in 1810, a few kilometres to the north of the disappeared District of Alto Adige on the upper course of the river Adige, when was created the Department of Alto Adige.

## Related pages

- Department of Alto Adige
- Alto Adige

## Bibliography

- Reinhard Stauber. _Der Zentralstaat an seinen Grenzen. Administrative Integration, Herrschaftswechsel und politische Kultur im südlichen Alpenraum 1750–1820_ (Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 64), Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001.
Borax

**Borax** is a chemical compound. It usually is in the form of a white powder. The powder has soft crystals. They are easy to dissolve in water. Its scientific name is "sodium borate". Miners find half of the borax in the world in the deserts of California. They discovered it in Death Valley in 1881.

## Uses

Borax has many uses. It is an ingredient of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes. It is also used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry. Factories use it as a fire retardant, and to kill fungi that can harm the human body. It is also used in fiberglass, as a flux in metallurgy, slime, and as an insecticide. When mixed with water, it helps the soap clean dishes or clothes better. It can take the smell and stain off bathroom and kitchen surfaces. It also takes the smell out of shoes.

Maria Telkes used borax in the first solar-power<nowiki/>ed home, invented in 1948. The special walls of the home took energy from the sun and stored it in liquid salt. She used borax to keep the energy storage system running well. The borax kept bacteria from changing the salt solution into something different.
Donley County, Texas

**Donley County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 3,258 people lived there. The county seat is Clarendon.
Armstrong County, Texas

**Armstrong County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,848 people lived there. The county seat is Claude.
Randall County, Texas

**Randall County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 140,753 people lived there. The county seat is Canyon.
Castro County, Texas

**Castro County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 7,371 people lived there. The county seat is Dimmitt.
Swisher County, Texas

**Swisher County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 6,971 people lived there. The county seat is Tulia.
Briscoe County, Texas

**Briscoe County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,435 people lived there. The county seat is Silverton.
Lyda Ann Thomas

**Lyda Ann Thomas** (née **Quinn**; November 20, 1936 – April 19, 2017) was an American politician. She served as the mayor of Galveston, Texas from 2004 to 2010. She was first elected in 2004 to replace Roger "Bo" Quiroga. Thomas was the third female mayor of Galveston. She serve three terms as mayor, and stepped down in 2010 after reaching her a city-imposed term-limit. She was a member of the Democratic Party.

Thomas is known for being mayor of Galveston during Hurricane Ike on September 10, 2008 and ordered in a full evacuation.

Thomas was born in Galveston. She studied at The Hockaday School in Dallas. Thomas died at her Galveston home on April 19, 2017 at the age of 80 from cancer.

## Other websites

- The City Council of Galveston, Texas
- Evacuation worked, but created a highway horror  O'Driscoll, Patrick; Richard Wolf and Rick Hampson (9/26/2005 7:47 PM). USA Today
- With Rita strengthening, Galveston orders evacuation
- Gulf Coast residents watch surprise tropical storm
- Ike's changing course delayed Galveston's evacuation call, city says
Stella Turk

**Stella Maris Turk, MBE** (1925 – 3 April 2017) was a British zoologist, naturalist, and conservationist.

Turk was known for her activities in marine biology and conservation as it applies to marine molluscs and mammals. Turk became a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 2002, and was awarded the Stamford Raffles Award by the Zoological Society of London in 1979.

## More reading

- J. Light, 2003. "In conversation with Stella Turk." _Mollusc World_ 3: 16–17, 20.

## Other websites

- Photograph of Stella Maris Turk in an article that mentions a film about her

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Stella Maris Turk
- **birth name**: Stella Maris Treharne
- **birth date**: 1925
- **birth place**: Isles of Scilly, Great Britain
- **death place**: Cornwall, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **field**: Zoology, natural history, Conservation biology, conservation
- **work institutions**: University of Exeter
- **prizes**: Stamford Raffles Award
- **spouse**: Frank Turk (biologist), Frank Turk
José Vicente Rangel

**José Vicente Rangel Vale** (10 July 1929 – 18 December 2020) was a Venezuelan leftist politician. He ran for President three times in the 1970s and 1980s and later supported Hugo Chávez.

Rangel served under Chávez as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2001, as Minister of Defense from 2001 to 2002, and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2002 to 2007.

Rangel died on 18 December 2020 in Caracas from cardiac arrest after having a long-illness at the age of 91.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: José Vicente Rangel
- **image**: Jose Vicente Rangel.png
- **birth place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **death place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **birth name**: José Vicente Rangel Vale
- **nationality**: Venezuelan
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **profession**: Journalist
- **office**: 21st Vice President of Venezuela
- **term start**: 2002
- **term end**: 2007
- **president**: Hugo Chavez
- **predecessor**: Diosdado Cabello
- **successor**: Jorge Rodríguez (politician), Jorge Rodriguez
- **office2**: Minister of Defense
- **term start2**: 2001
- **term end2**: 2002
- **office3**: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela
- **term start3**: 2 February 1999
- **term end3**: 14 February 2001
- **president3**: Hugo Chavez
- **predecessor3**: Miguel Ángel Burelli Rivas
- **successor3**: Luis Alfonso Dávila
Hollabrunn

**Hollabrunn** is an Austrian town in the Hollabrunn District in the Weinviertel region of Lower Austria. It had about 11,700 people in 2018.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hollabrunn
- **image skyline**: Hollabrunn.jpg
- **image caption**: The parish church of Hollabrunn
- **image shield**: AUT Hollabrunn COA.jpg
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **map caption**: Location within Hollabrunn (district), Hollabrunn district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Lower Austria
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Hollabrunn District, Hollabrunn
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Erwin Bernreiter
- **elevation m**: 236
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 2020
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 02952
- **website**: [http://www.hollabrunn.gv.at www.hollabrunn.gv.at]
Bressuire

**Bressuire** is a _commune_ in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It is a subprefecture of the Deux-Sèvres department. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of the same name.

## Geography

Bressuire is to the northwest of the Deux-Sèvres department. The city is at about  from Bordeaux,  from Paris,  from Marseille and  from Toulouse.

The _commune_ has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The _commune_ of Bressuire is surrounded by the _communes_:

### Climate

The climate of Bressuire, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Bressuire are known, in French, as _Bressuirais_ (women: _Bressuiraises_).

With a population of 19,300, Bressuire has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Bressuire**

## Administration

Bressuire is a subprefecture of the Deux-Sèvres department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Bressuire and the administrative centre () of the canton of Bressuire.

It is part of the intercommunality _Le Bocage Bressuirais_ ().

### Twinned and partner towns

Bressuire is twinned with:
- Mequinenza, Aragon, Spain, since 1982
- Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, since 1990
- Hodac, Romania, since 1990
- Kpalimé, Togo, since 1991
- Friedberg, Germany, since 1992
- Leixlip, County Kildare, Leinster, Ireland, since 1996
- Ryazan, Russia, since 1997
- Parczew, Poland, since 1998

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Bressuire
- Communes of the Deux-Sèvres department

## Other websites

- City Council website
- CA Bocage Bressuirais

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bressuire
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Bressuire (Deux-Sèvres).svg
- **image**: Bressuire (13).JPG
- **caption**: _Chateau de Bressuire_
- **arrondissement**: Bressuire
- **canton**: Bressuire
- **intercommunality**: Bocage Bressuirais
- **mayor**: Jean-Michel Bernier
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 167
- **elevation min m**: 98
- **elevation max m**: 236
- **area km2**: 180.59
- **population**: 19300
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 79049
- **postal code**: 79300
- **website**: [http://www.ville-bressuire.fr/ www.ville-bressuire.fr]
Anderson County, Texas

**Anderson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 57,922 people lived there. The county seat is Palestine.

## History

The county was made in 1846.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,078 square miles.

### City

- Palestine (county seat)

### Towns

- Elkhart
- Frankston

### Other

- Alderbranch
- Bethel
- Blackfoot
- Bois d'Arc
- Bradford
- Brushy Creek
- Cayuga
- Cronin
- Crystal Lake
- Deanwright
- Elmtown
- Elmwood
- Fosterville
- Greens Bluff
- Long Lake
- Montalba
- Mound City
- Neches
- Pert
- Salmon
- Slocum
- Tennessee Colony

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Anderson County
- **state**: Texas
- **founded**: March 24, 1846
- **seat wl**: Palestine
- **largest city**: Palestine
- **area total sq mi**: 1078
- **area land sq mi**: 1063
- **area water sq mi**: 15
- **area percentage**: 1.4
- **pop**: 57922
- **census yr**: 2020
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **ex image**: Anderson County Courthouse Palestine Wiki (1 of 1).jpg
- **ex image size**: 250
- **ex image cap**: The Anderson County Courthouse in Palestine
- **web**: www.co.anderson.tx.us/
- **named for**: Kenneth Lewis Anderson, Kenneth L. Anderson
Eastland County, Texas

**Eastland County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 17,725 people lived there. The county seat is Eastland.
Council for Secular Humanism

The **Council for Secular Humanism** is a non-profit organization that promotes secular values. Since 1991 it has been a program of the Center for Inquiry.

In 2016, the Center for Inquiry merged with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, keeping one office in Washington DC.  This made the Center for Inquiry the largest secularist organization in the United States.

## Other websites

- Council for Secular Humanism official website
Center for Inquiry

The **Center for Inquiry** is a nonprofit educational organization formed to promote secularist values.  It is the largest secularist organization in the U.S.

In 2016, the Center for Inquiry merged with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science to become the largest secularist organization in the U.S. The organization was started by humanist philosopher Paul Kurtz.  In 2008, attorney Ron Lindsay became leader of the organization.  In 2016, Robyn Blumner, the executive director of the Dawkins Foundation, became the new leader.

## Other websites

- Center for Inquiry official website
Roberto Ferreiro

**Roberto Oscar Ferreiro** (25 April 1935 – 20 April 2017) was an Argentine professional football player and manager. Ferreiro played club football for Independiente and River Plate.

He earned 18 caps in the Argentina national team between 1962 and 1966.

After retiring as a player Ferreiro went on to become a manager, taking charge at Independiente in the 1970s. He led the team to a number of championships, including the 1973 Intercontinental Cup and Copa Libertadores 1974.

Ferreiro died on 20 April 2017 in Buenos Aires at the age of 81.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Roberto Ferreiro
- **image**: Roberto Ferreiro (1972).jpg
- **image size**: 150
- **caption**: Ferreiro in 1972.
- **fullname**: Roberto Oscar Ferreiro
- **birth place**: Avellaneda, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **position**: Defender (association football), Right back
- **years1**: 1958–1968
- **clubs1**: Club Atlético Independiente, Independiente
- **caps1**: 241
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1968–1970
- **clubs2**: Club Atlético River Plate, River Plate
- **caps2**: 86
- **goals2**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 327
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1962–1966
- **nationalteam1**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
- **nationalcaps1**: 18
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1973–1974
- **managerclubs1**: Club Atlético Independiente, Independiente
John T. Noonan Jr.

**John Thomas Noonan Jr.** (October 24, 1926 – April 17, 2017) was an American circuit judge. He served as a Circuit Judge on the United States Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from December 17, 1985 through December 27, 1996.

Noonan Jr. was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard University, at St John's College, Cambridge and at The Catholic University of America. From 1967 until his death in 2017, Noonan Jr. was married to Mary Lee Bennett. They had three children.

Noonan Jr. died on April 17, 2017 in Berkeley, California, aged 90.
April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack

On April 20, 2017, three police officers were shot by someone with a Kalashnikov rifle on the Champs-Élysées, a shopping street in Paris, France. One was killed and two others, along with another person, were seriously injured before the shooter was killed. Someone who helped the shooter was identified. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility.

## Aftermath

President François Hollande called for an emergency security meeting at the Élysée Palace. He later said that the shooting was a terrorist attack. Following the shooting, U.S. President Donald Trump, who was holding a press conference with Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni, expressed his condolences to the France and said, "[W]e have to be strong and we have to be vigilant."

## Related pages

- _Charlie Hebdo_ shooting
- 2025 Pahalgam Massacre
- 2025 D.C. Jewish museum shooting
Jean-Luc Mélenchon

**Jean-Luc Mélenchon** (; born 19 August 1951) is a French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of the French Republic. He ran for President of France twice: he finished in fourth place in 2012 and 2017, then in 2022, he came in third.

## Political career

In 1976, he was elected municipal councilor of Massy (1983), general councilor of the Essonne departement (1985), and senator of the same department (1986, reelected in 1995 and 2004). He also served as Minister-Delegate of Vocational Education between 2000 and 2002, under the Minister of National Education, Jack Lang, in the cohabitation government of Lionel Jospin.

As leader of the Left Party, he joined the electoral coalition of the Left Front before the 2009 European elections and was elected member of the European Parliament in the South-West constituency (reelected in 2014).

### Presidential politics

During the protest movement against the pension reform of 2010 his public stature grew thanks to his many public and television appearances. He was also the candidate of that coalition in the 2012 presidential election, at the outcome of which he came in fourth, receiving 11.1% of the votes. He was a candidate in the 2017 presidential election "outside the frame of political parties", and founded the movement "Unsubmissive France" (FI) in February 2016. He came in fourth place winning 19.5% of the vote.

He ran for the presidency again for the 2022 election, coming in third place winning 21.95% of the vote.

## Other websites

- Page on the French Senate website
- MEP webpage

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jean-Luc Mélenchon
- **honorific-suffix**: French Parliament, MP
- **image**: 2024-02-07 meeting-Mélenchon-Belfort 07 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Member of the National Assembly (France), National Assembly
for Bouches-du-Rhône's 4th constituency
- **term start**: 21 June 2017
- **term end**: 21 June 2022
- **predecessor**: Patrick Mennucci
- **successor**: Manuel Bompard
- **office1**: Member of the Member of the European Parliament, European Parliament
- **term start1**: 14 July 2009
- **term end1**: 18 June 2017
- **constituency1**: South-West France (European Parliament constituency), South-West France
- **office2**: Ministry of National Education (France), Minister of Vocational Education
- **primeminister2**: Lionel Jospin
- **term start2**: 27 March 2000
- **term end2**: 6 May 2002
- **predecessor2**: Claude Allègre
- **successor2**: Luc Ferry
- **office3**: Senate (France), Senator
- **term start3**: 1 October 2004
- **term end3**: 7 January 2010
- **successor3**: Marie-Agnès Labarre
- **constituency3**: Essonne
- **term start4**: 2 October 1986
- **term end4**: 27 April 2000
- **constituency4**: Essonne
- **birth name**: Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon
- **birth place**: Tangier, Tangier International Zone
- **party**: La France Insoumise (since 2016)
- **alma mater**: University of Franche-Comté
- **website**:
Angel Espinosa

**Ángel Espinosa Capó** (October 2, 1966 – April 12, 2017) was a Cuban amateur boxer. He was part of the 1980s at junior middleweight and middleweight and captured the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships. He never won an Olympic medal due to Cuba's boycott of the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics. A hard hitting Cuban with a southpaw stance one of the most feared in his era was known to have about 300 amateur fights.

Espinose was found dead in his gym in Miami, Florida from a suspected cardiac arrest on 12 April 2017, aged 50.

## Other websites

- Record(  2009-10-25)
- sports-reference
Burton Watson

**Burton DeWitt Watson** (June 13, 1925 – April 1, 2017) was an American scholar and translator of both Chinese and Japanese literature. He was born in New Rochelle, New York.

Watson received awards including the Gold Medal Award of the Translation Center at Columbia University in 1979, the PEN Translation Prize in 1982 for his translation with Hiroaki Sato of _From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry_, and again in 1995 for _Selected Poems of Su Tung-p'o_. He also received the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation in 2015.

Watson died on April 1, 2017 in Kamagaya, Japan, aged 91.
Bill Hagerty

**William Francis Hagerty** **IV** ( ; born August 14, 1959) is an American politician, former diplomat and businessman. Since 2021, he has been the junior United States senator from Tennessee. Before becoming senator, he was the 30th United States ambassador to Japan from 2017 to 2019 under the first Trump administration.

In 2020, Hagerty was elected to the U.S. Senate. He defeated Marquita Bradshaw. Hagerty is running for re-election in 2026 election.

## Official websites

- Team Hagrety
- Bill Hagrety: U.S. Senate

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bill Hagerty
- **image**: Bill Hagerty senatorial portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Tennessee
- **alongside**: Marsha Blackburn
- **term start**: January 3, 2021
- **predecessor**: Lamar Alexander
- **office1**: 30th United States Ambassador to Japan
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: August 31, 2017
- **term end1**: July 22, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Caroline Kennedy
- **successor1**: Rahm Emanuel
- **office2**: Economic and Community Development Commissioner of Tennessee
- **governor2**: Bill Haslam
- **term start2**: February 14, 2011
- **term end2**: June 6, 2014
- **predecessor2**: Matt Kisber
- **successor2**: Randy Boyd (university president), Randy Boyd
- **birth name**: William Francis Hagerty IV
- **birth place**: Gallatin, Tennessee, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Vanderbilt University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD)
- **website**:
Lewis Eisenberg

**Lewis Michael "Lew" Eisenberg** (born 1942) is an American financier, investor and philanthropist.

Eisenberg is known for co-founding and heading a private equity firm, Granite Capital International Group L.P. Lewis Eisenberg has a relation in American political fundraising circles. He is most notable for the various national, state, and bi-state appointments he held throughout his career, specifically as the Chairman of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey at the time of the September 11, 2001 attack of the World Trade Center, which the Port Authority operated.

In January 2017, Eisenberg was named as President Donald Trump's Ambassador to Italy. He was confirmed by the Senate on August 3, 2017.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Lewis Eisenberg official photo.jpg
- **office**: United States Ambassador to Italy
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: October 4, 2017
- **term end**: January 4, 2021
- **predecessor**: John R. Phillips (attorney), John R. Phillips
- **successor**: Jack Markell
- **office1**: United States Ambassador to San Marino
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: October 4, 2017
- **term end1**: January 4, 2021
- **predecessor1**: John R. Phillips
- **successor1**: Jack Markell
- **office3**: Chair of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- **term start3**: November 9, 1995
- **term end3**: December 2001
- **predecessor3**: Kathleen Donovan
- **successor3**: Jack Sinagra
- **birth name**: Lewis Michael Eisenberg
- **birth place**: Illinois, U.S.
- **residence**: Vero Beach, Florida
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: Dartmouth College
Cornell University
Risa Itō

is a Japanese manga artist. Her main works are _Hey Pitan!_, _Higepiyo_ and _Oruchuban Ebichu_ ("Ebichu Minds the House"). _Oruchuban Ebichu_ was produced as an animated TV program for Gainax.

She was born in Hara town, Suwa District in Nagano Prefecture.

## Work

- _Hey Pitan!_
- _Oruchuban Ebichu_
- _Higepiyo_
- _One Woman, Two Cats_
- _Onna no Mado_

## Awards

- 2005 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo - Oi Pītan!!
- 2006 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Short Story Award - One Woman,
- Two Cats, Oi Piitan!!
- Onna no Mado

## Other websites

- Risa Itō Web Site
- Profile
NI Railways

**NI Railways** also known as **Northern Ireland Railways** is the national railway of Northern Ireland.  It is run by Translink, and they also run buses such as Ulsterbus and buses in Belfast called Metro.

.
Cuba Gooding

**Cuba Gooding** may refer to:

- Cuba Gooding, Sr. (1944–2017), American singer
- Cuba Gooding, Jr. (born 1968), American actor
Weinviertel

The **Weinviertel** (_Wine Quarter_), also called the **Viertel unter dem Manhartsberg** (_Quarter below the Manhartsberg_), is a region in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.

The Weinviertel is the most northeastern part of (Lower) Austria. It lies above the Danube River and borders both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The city/state of Vienna lies in the south.

It consists of low hills, which form the most western spur of the Carpathian Mountains.

It is well known for its winegrowing (the biggest of Austria).

The maximum temperature in July and August is about 24 °C.

The Weinviertel comprises the following districts:
- Gänserndorf District
- Hollabrunn District (most of it)
- Korneuburg District
- Mistelbach District
and:
- Horn District (small part in the east)
- Krems-Land District (small part in the east)
- Tulln District (northern part)

## Other websites

- www.wienviertel.at
Washiqur Rahman

**Washiqur Rahman** (Bengali: ওয়াশিকুর রহমান বাবু) (c. 1988 - March 30, 2015) was a Bangladeshi blogger.  He was hacked to death by two men with meat cleavers in Dhaka, Bangladesh, after he wrote blog posts critical of Islam.

Washiqur Rahman, also spelled Oyasiqur Rhaman, was part of the 2013 Shabag movement, which called for the death penalty for Islamists for war crimes during the 1971 war for independence from Pakistan.
Rahman used the pen name Kucchit Hasher Channa, or Ugly Duckling. Two students from an Islamic school were arrested by police. The two said they didn't know about Rahman's writing and they didn't know anything about blogs. Someone told them to kill Rahman as a religious duty. One of the attackers traveled from Chittagong and stayed overnight at a mosque.  The other attacker was from an Islamic school in Dhaka.  Rahman had a page on Facebook that said "I am Avijit", meaning he was a supporter of Avijit Roy, a Bangladeshi-American blogger who was killed a month earlier.

On July 20, 2016, a Dhaka court indicted five people for the killing.  Police believed they were members of the banned militant group Ansarullah Bangla Team.

## Other websites

On Facebook
Murder of Faisal Abedin Deepan

**Faisal Arefin Dipan** (Bengali: ফয়সাল আরেফিন দীপন)(c. 1972 - 31 October 2015) was a Bangladeshi book publisher of the Jagriti Prokashoni publishing house. He was hacked to death inside his house in Dhaka, the Bangladeshi capital.

Deepan was a secular book publisher who printed writing that discussed topics like atheism and sexual orientation.  He had received death threats from religious extremists.  He published books by Bangladeshi-American writer and blogger Avijit Roy who was the four secular bloggers killed in Bangladesh the same year. Dipan's father said his company had published Avajit Roy's 2014 book, Biswasher Virus (The Virus of Faith).

An hour earlier, another publisher and two writers were attacked, but they survived.  A local al-Qaeda group said they were responsible for the attack. Ahmedur Chowdhury, a secular publisher, was attacked in his office at the Shuddhashar publishing house.

## International reaction

British politicians condemned the murder. British bishop Declan Lang, the chair of the international affairs department of the British bishops' conference, said that the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales should "speak out when people are imprisoned, tortured or killed on account of their atheism." Eric Adriaans, the National Executive Director of Centre For Inquiry Canada said that Canada should offer asylum to people targeted by religious extremists.

The International Publishers Association honored Deepan at their annual conference and called on the United Nations to do more about freedom of expression in Bangladesh. Tutul sent a message to the conference, saying: "If Jagriti Faisal Abedin Deepan were alive today, he would play an important role in this conference. But because he published free-thinking books, Islamist fundamentalists killed him. I urge all my publisher friends to continue to publish the works of free thinkers. I believe this is the best reply to the fundamentalists. By increasing the number of people that free-thinking books can reach, we'll be able to weaken fundamentalism in Bangladesh." Tutal also called for freedom for Bangladeshi writer and publisher, Shamsuzzoha Manik.  Manik was arrested under a Bangladeshi law that prohibits criticism of religion.  Manik is 73 years old and published a titled "Islam Bitorko" ("Debate on Islam").
Lawrence Hogan

**Lawrence Joseph Hogan** (September 30, 1928 – April 20, 2017) was an American Republican U.S. Representative. He was the father of the former Governor of Maryland, Larry Hogan.

Hogan represented the 5th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1975. Hogan did not run for re-election in 1974 and was unsuccessful that year in his candidacy for the Republican nomination for governor. He became county executive for Prince George's County, Maryland, in 1978 and served until 1982.

Hogan suffered a stroke and died on April 20, 2017 in Baltimore, Maryland, aged 88.

## Other websites

- Hogan's Maryland Archives biography

- Larry Hogan Sr. Speaks about his decision on the Nixon Impeachment _Vimeo_

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Lawrence Hogan
- **image**: Lawrence Joseph Hogan (restoration cropped).jpg
- **district**: Maryland's 5th congressional district, 5th
- **state**: Maryland
- **term start**: January 3, 1969
- **term end**: January 3, 1975
- **predecessor**: Hervey Machen
- **successor**: Gladys Spellman
- **order2**: 3rd
- **title2**: List of Prince George's County Executives, Prince George's County Executive
- **constituency2**: Prince George's County, Maryland
- **term start2**: 1978
- **term end2**: 1982
- **predecessor2**: Winfield M. Kelly, Jr., Winfield Kelly
- **successor2**: Parris Glendening
- **birth name**: Lawrence Joseph Hogan
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **alma mater**: Georgetown University,
San Francisco State College,
American University,
University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland
- **children**: 6 (notably Larry Hogan and Patrick N. Hogan)
Yvonne Monlaur

**Yvonne Monlaur** (15 December 1939 – 18 April 2017) was a retired French movie actress who was active in the late 1950s and 1960s. She was best known for her roles in the Hammer horror movies. She was born in Pau, France.

In 1960, she also starred in the Hammer horror movie _The Brides of Dracula_ alongside Peter Cushing and Freda Jackson and in _The Terror of the Tongs_ (1961) with Christopher Lee.

Monlaur died on April 18, 2017 in Paris, aged 77.
Chilly Willy

**Chilly Willy** is a fictional character. He is an anthropomorphic cartoon penguin. The character was created by Paul J. Smith for the Walter Lantz studio in 1953. It soon became the second most popular Lantz/Universal character, behind Woody Woodpecker.
Germaine Mason

**Germaine Mason** (20 January 1983 – 20 April 2017) was a Jamaican-born track and field athlete who competed in high jump. In 2006, he started representing Great Britain. As a British athlete, he won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Mason was really good at high jump. He won silver and bronze medals at the World Junior Championships in 2000 and 2002. His first big win as a senior athlete was at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, where he won a gold medal by jumping 2.34 meters high.

In 2004 and 2005, he jumped a bit lower, but he still won a bronze medal at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.

Mason could compete for Great Britain because his father was born in London. His mother convinced him to switch and compete for Britain in 2006.

At the Beijing Olympics on 19 August 2008, Mason won a silver medal for Great Britain. He jumped 2.34 meters high, which was the same as his personal best. Only one person, Russia's Andrey Silnov, jumped higher at 2.36 meters.

## Death

Mason died in a motorbike accident on 20 April 2017 when he was 34 years old. He was riding his motorbike after a party and crashed.
His funeral was at the Hagley Park Seventh-day Adventist Church in Kingston, Jamaica. His friend, famous runner Usain Bolt, was there and even helped dig Mason's grave.

## Achievements

|bgcolor="#eeeeee" colspan="6"|Representing|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1999|CARIFTA Games (U17)|Fort-de-France, Martinique|bgcolor="gold"|1st|high jump|2.03 m||
|rowspan=3|2000|CARIFTA Games (U20)|St. George's, Grenada, Grenada|bgcolor="gold"|1st|high jump|2.12 m|
|CAC Junior Championships (U20)|San Juan, Puerto Rico|bgcolor="gold"|1st|high jump|2.15 m|||
|World Junior Championships|Santiago, Chile|bgcolor="silver"|2nd|high jump|2.24 m|||
|rowspan=4|2002|CARIFTA Games (U20)|Nassau, Bahamas|bgcolor="silver"|2nd|high jump|2.16 m|
|CAC Junior Championships (U20)|Bridgetown, Barbados|bgcolor="gold"|1st|high jump|2.23 m|||
|World Junior Championships|Kingston, Jamaica|bgcolor=CC9966|3rd|high jump|2.21 m|||
|Commonwealth Games|Manchester, Great Britain|5th|high jump|2.20 m||||
|rowspan=3|2003|World Indoor Championships|Birmingham, Great Britain|–|high jump|NM||
|Pan American Games|Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic|bgcolor="gold"|1st|high jump|2.34 m|||
|World Championships|Paris, France|5th|high jump|2.29||||
|2004|World Indoor Championships|Budapest, Hungary|bgcolor=CC9966|3rd|high jump|2.25 m||
|2006|European Championships|Gothenburg, Sweden|17th (q)|high jump|2.19 m|||
|2007|World Championships|Osaka, Japan|27th (q)|high jump|2.19 m|||
|2008|Olympic Games|Beijing, China|bgcolor="silver"|2nd|high jump|2.34 m||

## Other websites

- Obituary in The Independent by Marcus Williamson
- Official website
- Management website
Magdalena Abakanowicz

**Marta Magdalena Abakanowicz-Kosmowska** (June 20, 1930 – April 20, 2017) was a Polish sculptor and fiber artist. She was known for her use of textiles as a sculptural medium.  She was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznań, Poland from 1965 to 1990 and a visiting professor at University of California, Los Angeles in 1984. She was born in Falenty, Poland.

Abakanowicz died on April 20, 2017 in Warsaw at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Electrical Properties of Textile Fiber
- Magdalena Abakanowicz, artnet
- The Jackboot Has Lifted. Now the Crowds Crush , By Rita Reif, _The New York Times_, June 3, 2001
- Magdalena Abakanowicz
Jay Dickey

**Jay Woodson Dickey, Jr.** (December 14, 1939 – April 20, 2017) was an American politician. He was a former U.S. Representative from the Fourth Congressional District of Arkansas. He served in Congress from 1993 to 2001.

Both the Dickey Amendment (1996), which blocks CDC funds to be used for injury prevention research that might advocate or promote gun control, and the Dickey-Wicker Amendment (1995), which prohibits federal funds to be spent on research that involves the destruction of a human embryo, are named for him.

After the 2012 Aurora shooting, former congressman Dickey said that he regrets his role in blocking the CDC from researching gun violence.

Dickey died on April 20, 2017 in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, aged 77.

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Jay Dickey
- **image name**: jaydickey.jpg
- **birth name**: Jay Woodson Dickey, Jr.
- **birth place**: Pine Bluff, Arkansas, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Pine Bluff, Arkansas, U.S.
- **state**: Arkansas
- **district**: Arkansas's 4th congressional district, 4th
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **term end**: January 3, 2001
- **preceded**: Beryl Anthony, Jr.
- **succeeded**: Mike Ross (politician), Mike Ross
- **education**: Pine Bluff High School
- **alma mater**: Hendrix College
University of Arkansas School of Law
- **party**: Republican Party of Arkansas, Republican