juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kaus Mia

**Kaus Mia** was a Bangladeshi businessman who gained national attention for his exceptional commitment to paying taxes. Born in 1931, he started his career as a small grocer at the age of 19, before moving on to the tobacco industry.

## Recognition

Mia first gained public recognition in 2021, when he was named the best taxpayer of the Mujib Year, which marked the birth centenary of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh. The award was presented to him by the National Board of Revenue (NBR) in recognition of his exemplary record of tax compliance and contribution to the country's economic development.

## Life story

Mia's success story is all the more remarkable given his humble beginnings. As a young man, he started his own small grocery store in his hometown of Khulna, in the southwest of Bangladesh. Later on, he entered the chewing tobacco industry and founded his own company, Kaus Tobacco Industries, which has become a leading player in the sector.

Despite his success, Mia has never shied away from his tax obligations. He has consistently paid his taxes on time and in full, earning him a reputation as a model citizen and a responsible business owner.

Mia's commitment to tax compliance has not gone unnoticed. In addition to being named the best taxpayer of the Mujib Year, he has also been recognized by the NBR as a top taxpayer in previous years. His example has inspired many others to follow in his footsteps, and he has become a role model for aspiring entrepreneurs and responsible citizens across Bangladesh.

Kaus Mia died on 25 June 2024 due to diseases of old age.

## Achievements

In recognition of his achievements, Mia has received numerous awards and accolades from various organizations, including the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) and the Bangladesh Chewing Tobacco Manufacturers Association (BCTMA). However, he remains humble and focused on his goals, stating that his ultimate aim is to contribute to the development of his country and make a positive impact on society.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Md Kaus Mia
- **birth place**: Chandpur District, British India
- **death place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **yearsactive**: 1950–2024
Big in America

**Big in America** is a reality show broadcast by RTL II and VIVA , which set itself the task of showing in the spring of 2005 how Lou Pearlman discovered his new international boy band. The show looks similar to High School Musical.

## Season 1

Based on the success of Backstreet Boys, NSYNC & O-Town, Lou Pearlman decided to form a new boy band with. The band consists of Richie, Izzy, Jay and Drew. Drew left the band because he wants to spend more time with his family. He was replaced by Kyle, who was kicked out by Lou for Chris and Mikel. The show state that they rehearse for their first hit single "Maria".

## Season 2

The second season of the series accompanied US5 on their first world tour through England and Russia. The season's language was English.

## Cast

|Permanent Members|German cast|Producers|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Richie Stringini|Mikel Johnson|Mark Dollar|
|Izzy Gallegos|Christoph Watrin|Mike Michaels|
|Jay Khan|Roger Moore|Lou Pearlman|
|Drew|Peter Goekert|—|
|Kyle|—|—|
Izzy Gallegos

**Christopher Carl Helsby "Izzy" Gallegos** (born September 19, 1983) is an American singer and dancer , member of the boy band US5.

## Early Life

By the time he got to US5, he was already performing in the band Exact at the age of 15, where he also created music for Aaron Carter and Jessica Simpson. He left the band in 2004, because - as he stated - it stopped giving him joy. After the band broke up, he went to a casting in America and got into the US5 team.

## US5

He starred in German TV show Big in America in 2005. He released Maria with the band at fortunately the song reached number 1 in Germany, which make him and his bandmates to fame. Izzy is a true member of US5, he stayed at the band until the band's disbandment.

## After US5

He reunited with his former German bandmate: Christoph Watrin and formed **_Izzy & Chris**._

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Izzy Gallegos
- **image**: Izzy Gallegos, Us5 2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Izzy, having concert in Düsseldorf at 2008
- **birthname**: Christopher Carl Helsby "Izzy" Gallegos
- **birth place**: Stockton, California, Stockton, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: singer
- **yearsactive**: 1998–present
Christoph Watrin

**Christoph Watrin** (born 7 August 1988 in Cologne) is a German singer and musician.

## Early Life

Chris was born in Cologne in 1988. He attended professional piano lessons when he was a child.

## US5

In 2005, he acted in a German TV show Big in America with his German bandmate, Michael. Fortunately, he joined US5 and making fame with them.

## Career

He released Rot Grün Blau in 2012. In 2019, He reunited with bandmate Izzy to form _Izzy & Chris_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Christoph Watrin
- **image**: Christoph Watrin, Us5 2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Chris having concert in Düsseldorf, 2008
- **birthname**: Christoph Watrin
- **birth place**: Cologne, Germany
- **occupation**: singer,actor
- **yearsactive**: 1993–present
Mikel Johnson (singer, born 1987)

**Mikel Johnson** (born 18 July 1987 ) is a German singer.

## US5

Mikel starred at TV show Big in America for US5. In 2007, after the release of "Rhythm Of Life", he persuaded his solo career and replaced by Vince Tomas.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Mikel Johnson
- **birthname**: Michael Johnson
- **birth place**: Mainz, Germany
- **occupation**: singer, actor
- **yearsactive**: 2005–present
Rajshahi College

**Rajshahi College** is a prestigious educational institution located in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. It was established in 1873 and is one of the oldest and largest colleges in the country. The college is affiliated with the National University of Bangladesh and offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in various fields of study.

## History

Rajshahi College was founded during the British colonial period in 1873. The college was initially named as Rajshahi Collegiate School and was converted into a college in 1881. The college was established to provide higher education to the people of Rajshahi and its surrounding areas. The college played a significant role in the socio-cultural and political movements of East Bengal and the Indian subcontinent.

## Academics

Rajshahi College offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in various fields of study, including arts, science, commerce, and social sciences. The college has several academic departments, including Bengali, English, history, philosophy, economics, physics, chemistry, mathematics, zoology, botany, and computer science. The college has highly qualified and experienced faculty members who are dedicated to providing quality education to students.

## Facilities

Rajshahi College has a large and beautiful campus with modern facilities. The college has several academic buildings, a central library, computer labs, science labs, a gymnasium, an auditorium, and sports facilities. The college also has a student dormitory and a canteen that serves delicious and affordable food to the students.

## Extracurricular activities

Rajshahi College encourages students to participate in extracurricular activities to develop their skills and talents. The college has several student organizations, including debating clubs, cultural clubs, sports clubs, and social service clubs. The college also organizes several events and programs throughout the year, including annual sports days, cultural events, and seminars.

## Notable alumni

Rajshahi College has produced many notable alumni who have made significant contributions to the country and the world. Some of the notable alumni of the college: Akshay Kumar Maitreya, Jadunath Sarkar, Qazi Motahar Hossain and Pramathanath Bishi etc.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Rajshahi College
- **native name**: রাজশাহী কলেজ
- **native name lang**: bn
- **image**: Administrative Building of Rajshahi College 02.jpg
- **image alt**: The main iconic building of Rajshahi College campus
- **caption**: Administrative Building of Rajshahi College
- **type**: Government College
- **founder**: King Haranath Ray Chowdhury
- **academic affiliation**: National University of Bangladesh
- **principal**: Md. Abdul Khaleque
- **city**: Rajshahi District, Rajshahi
- **state**: Rajshahi
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **postcode**: 6100
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
U.S. Route 22

**U.S. Route 22** (**US 22**) is an east–west United States highway  that goes from Cincinnati, Ohio at US 27, US 42, US 52, and US 127, to Newark, New Jersey at U.S. Route 1/9. The highway is  long.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 22
- **map custom**: yes
- **length mi**: 648.84
- **length round**: 2
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: West
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus a**: in Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- **terminus b**: in Newark, New Jersey, Newark, NJ
- **states**: Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey
Peter Obi

**Peter Gregory Onwubuasi Obi**, commonly known as **Peter Obi**, is a Nigerian politician and activist who was the former governor of Anambra State and the presidential candidate of the Labour Party in the 2023 general elections in Nigeria.

## Early life

Peter was born on July 19, 1961, and grew up in Onitsha⁣ where he currently lives. Obi was the former governor of Anambra State and in 2022, he became the 2023 Nigerian presidential election nominee of Labour Party.

He had his tertiary education at the University of Nigeria in 1984 after his secondary education at Christ the King College, Onitsha. He has worked in different managerial capacities, from Chairman and Director of Guardian Express Mortgage Bank, Guardian Express Bank Plc, Future View Securities Ltd, Paymaster Nigeria Ltd, Chams Nigeria Ltd, Data Corp Ltd and Card Centre Ltd. He was also the youngest chairman of Fidelity Bank Nigeria.

## Political Career

In 2003, Obi went into politics as a member of All Progressive Grand Alliance after his entrepreneurship stage for governor. He won the election in 2006.

## Awards and Recognitions

In 2007, he was named _Man of the Year_ by Sun Newspaper. Two years later, he was awarded the Most Prudent Governor in Nigeria and Governor of the Decade in 2020 by This Day. Obi has won many awards including Champion Newspaper's Nigeria's Most Trustworthy Governor in 2009. Followed by West Africa ICT Development Award for Governor of the Year in 2010. He was one of the Africans for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Best Performing Governor on Immunization in South-East Nigeria in 2012. Obi also won Silverbird Man of the Year in 2013.

## Personal life

Obi is married to  Margaret Brownson Obi.

## Other websites

- Peter Obi Profile on African Confidential
- Peter Obi and a Dream Deferred Council on Foreign Relations
U.S. Route 23

**U.S. Route 23** or **U.S. Highway 23** (**US 23**) is a north–south United States highway that goes from US 1/US 17 in Jacksonville, Florida to I-75 in Mackinaw City, Michigan. The highway is  long.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 23
- **length mi**: 1435.17
- **length round**: 2
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: in Jacksonville, Florida, Jacksonville, FL
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: at Mackinaw City, Michigan, Mackinaw City, MI
- **states**: Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan
- **previous type**: US
- **previous route**: 22
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 24
Big Blue Bubble

**Big Blue Bubble, Inc.** is a video game company, which is based in Canada, which has also developed more than 100 games. It's headquarters are in London, Ontario, and it was started in 2004. It's most popular game, and what it is most known for is My Singing Monsters. On just the Google Play store alone, My Singing Monsters has gained more than 10 Million downloads.

### Beginning (2004-2009)

Big Blue Bubble was began in 2004 by Damir Slogar, as well as with Renata Slogar. They got their start by making casual, and mobile games.

### 2010 - 2011

After moving away from making mobile games, they returned to doing so. They based mobile games off of a freemium strategy. This return to mobile caused Big Blue Bubble to focus more on older mobile games they made in the past.

### 2012 - Present

My Singing Monsters is released in September of 2012. My Singing Monsters was perceived well, and became one of Big Blue Bubble's most popular games.

In August - September of 2020, the Swedish company EG7 (Enad Global 7), bought Big Blue Bubble for $16 Million Canadian Dollars.

## Other websites

- Company Website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Big Blue Bubble
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **parent**: Enad Global 7 <small>(2020–present)</small>
- **key people**: Claudette Critchley <small>(CEO)</small>
- **industry**: Computer and Video Games
- **num employees**: 51-200
- **homepage**: [https://www.bigbluebubble.com/ bigbluebubble.com]
- **founder**: Damir Slogar
U.S. Route 41

**U.S. Route 41**, or **U.S. Highway 41** (**US 41**), is a north–south United States highway that goes from Miami, Florida to just east of Copper Harbor, Michigan. The highway is  long.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 41
- **map custom**: yes
- **map notes**: US 41 highlighted in red
- **length mi**: 2008
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: Brickell Avenue in Miami, Miami, FL
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: Fort Wilkins Historic State Park, Ft. Wilkins State Park near Copper Harbor, Michigan, Copper Harbor, MI
- **states**: Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan
- **previous type**: US
- **previous route**: 40
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 42
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

**Non-equilibrium thermodynamics** is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is a relatively new field of study that seeks to understand the behavior of complex systems, such as living organisms, fluids, and gases, which are constantly changing and evolving over time.

In traditional thermodynamics, the focus is on systems that are in thermal equilibrium, meaning that they are at a uniform temperature throughout and there is no net heat flow. However, many real-world systems are not in thermal equilibrium, and this is where non-equilibrium thermodynamics comes into play.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with the flow of energy and matter through systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. It aims to understand how these systems behave and how they can be manipulated to achieve specific outcomes. Some of the key concepts in non-equilibrium thermodynamics include entropy production, irreversible processes, and dissipative structures.

**Entropy production** is a measure of the rate at which disorder increases in a system. In a system that is not in thermal equilibrium, entropy production is always positive, meaning that the system is becoming more disordered over time. Irreversible processes are processes that cannot be reversed, meaning that they lead to a permanent change in the system. Dissipative structures are complex systems that are able to maintain their organization and structure, despite the constant flow of energy and matter through them.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics has many practical applications, particularly in the fields of biology, chemistry, and engineering. For example, it is used to study the behavior of living organisms, such as the way in which cells maintain their structure and function, and the way in which biological systems evolve over time. It is also used to understand the behavior of materials and fluids under different conditions, such as in the development of new materials and the design of more efficient energy systems.

In summary, non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a fascinating field of study that seeks to understand the behavior of complex systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. It has many practical applications in a variety of fields, and it continues to be an area of active research and development. As we continue to explore the complex behavior of non-equilibrium systems, we are sure to discover many new and exciting phenomena that will help us to better understand the world around us.
U.S. Route 97

**U.S. Route 97** (**US 97**) is a United States highway in the Pacific Northwest area of the United States. The highway goes north and south through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The highway is  long.

There was once a plan for US 97 to go north to Alaska. In the 1960s, the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities asked British Columbia and Yukon, both in Canada, to renumber their highways "97" to match the US numbering. British Columbia did renumber (British Columbia Highway 97), but Yukon did not.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 97
- **established**: 1926
- **length mi**: 669.61
- **length round**: 2
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: in Weed, California, Weed, CA
- **terminus b**: at the Canada–United States border, Canada–US border near Oroville, Washington, Oroville, WA
- **states**: California, Oregon, Washington (state), Washington
- **previous type**: US
- **previous route**: 96
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 98
Taltali Upazila

**Taltali** () is an upazila of Barguna District in Barisal division of Bangladesh.

## Geography

Taltali is at 22.0876°N 90.1770°E. Its area is 258.94 square kilometers and has a population of 88,004 people. The literacy rate in Taltali is 89%. It is near the Bay of Bengal, and on its west, there is the Burishwar river and Barguna Sadar Upazila. To the east, there is the Andharmanik river and Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali.

## Administration

Taltali Upazila is split into seven smaller parts called union parishads. These are Barabagi, Chhotabagi, Kariibaria, Nishanbaria, Panchakoralia, Sarikkhali, and Sonakata.

## People

The population of Taltoli upazila is 88,004 people, and most people live in rural areas. The literacy rate here is 89%, which means many people can read and write. The main jobs are farming and fishing. There is a forest called TengraGiri Wildlife Conservation and a beach called Shuvo-Shondha. Lots of tourists come here to see the natural beauty of Paira-Bishkhali-Bay of Bengal Mohona. Some Rakhaine people also live here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Taltali
- **native name**: তালতলী
- **settlement type**: Upazilas of Bangladesh, Upazila
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Barguna District
- **population total**: 88,004
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: 541
- **area total km2**: 258.94
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
U.S. Route 11

**U.S. Route 11** or **U.S. Highway 11** (**US 11**) is a north–south United States highway that is 1,645 miles (2,647 km) long. The southern end of the highway is at US 90 in the Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge in eastern New Orleans, Louisiana. The northern end is at the Rouses Point–Lacolle 223 Border Crossing in Rouses Point, New York.

In Knoxville, Tennessee, US 11 splits into U.S. Route 11W and U.S. Route 11E. US 11W and US 11E come together as US 11 in Bristol, Virginia less than a mile north of the Tennessee-Virginia state line.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 11
- **map custom**: yes
- **map notes**: US 11 in red, US 11E in blue, US 11W in magenta
- **length mi**: 1645
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: in New Orleans, Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: at the Rouses Point–Lacolle 223 Border Crossing
- **states**: Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York (state), New York
- **previous type**: US
- **previous route**: 10
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 12
Pisonian conspiracy

The Pisonian conspiracy was a plot to assassinate the Roman Emperor Nero in AD 65, led by Gaius Calpurnius Piso. Piso was a prominent senator and nobleman who was dissatisfied with Nero's leadership and wanted to overthrow him. The conspiracy involved a number of other high-ranking individuals, including members of the Roman Senate, and was intended to take place during a public performance of the emperor's musical compositions.

However, the plot was uncovered by one of the conspirators, and Piso and his associates were arrested and executed. The Pisonian conspiracy is significant in Roman history because it represents one of the most serious threats to the stability of the Roman Empire during the reign of Nero, and highlights the tensions and conflicts that existed within the Roman elite at the time.
Sidney Bechet

**Sidney Bechet** (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer.

Bechet was born in 1897 in New Orleans. His brother gave him a clarinet. He played it very well by the time he was 6 years old. By age 15 he had played in many bands. He moved to Chicago when he was 17. He played with King Oliver's band and others.

In 1919 he moved to New York and joined a band that went to Europe. They played at London’s Royal Philharmonic Hall for five months. In London he started playing a soprano saxophone much of the time. Bechet worked in London until 1922 when he was arrested for assault, jailed, and sent back to the U. S.

His first recordings came out in 1923. He played solos on “Wild Cat Blues” and “Kansas City Man Blues.” This made him "the first important jazz soloist on records in history (beating Louis Armstrong by a few months)."

In 1925, he played in France with La Revue Nègre, the show that made dancer Josephine Baker famous.  More trouble around a shooting put Bechet in a Paris jail during 1928 and 1929. He had to leave France.

Back in New York from 1930, Bechet worked sometimes in Noble Sissle’s show band for most of the decade.

In 1940-41, he made famous recordings of “Old Man Blues,” “Nobody Knows The Way I Feel This Morning,” “Egyptian Fantasy,” and “I Know That You Know.”

He went back to Paris in 1949 to play at the Salle Pleyel Jazz Festival. He was so popular that he decided to stay in France. In 1958 he played at the Brussels World’s Fair. Soon after that, he got lung cancer. He died on his birthday in 1959.

### Singles

- "Kansas City Man Blues", 1923
- "Texas Moaner Blues", with Louis Armstrong, 1924
- "Got the Bench, Got the Park (But I Haven't Got You)", 1931
- "Dear Old Southland", 1937
- "Blues in Thirds", 1940
- "Egyptian Fantasy", 1941
- "Muskrat Ramble", 1940
- "Blue Horizon", 1944
- "Dutch Swing College Blues", 1951
- "Petite Fleur", 1952

### Albums

- "A Jazz Masterwork", 1948
- "Sidney Bechet & Claude Luter", 1950
- "Jazz Classics Vol. 1", 1950
- "Jazz Classics Vol. 2", 1950
- "Sidney Bechet - Bunk Johnson: Days Beyond Recall", 1951
- "Sidney Bechet, Claude Luter: On Parade", 1951
- "Sidney Bechet, Claude Luter, Andre Reweliotty et son Orchestre: Bechet-Souvenirs", 1951
- "Sidney Bechet, Muggsy Spanier: Jam Session", 1952
- "Sidney Bechet", 1952
- "Port of Harlem Six", 1952
- "Soprano Sax Solos", 1952

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sidney Bechet
- **image**: Sidney Bechet, Freddie Moore, Lloyd Phillips (Gottlieb 00521).jpg
- **caption**: Photographic portrait of Bechet at Jimmy Ryan's Club in New York, 1947, by William P. Gottlieb
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- **death place**: Garches, France
- **genre**: Jazz, Dixieland
- **occupation**: Musician, composer
- **instrument**: Clarinet, soprano saxophone
- **years active**: 1908–1957
- **associated acts**: Louis Armstrong, Tommy Ladnier
Vector control

Vector control serves as an important cross-cutting activity that aims to enhance the impact of other strategic interventions, with specific focus on prevention of selected neglected tropical diseases whose transmission cycle relies on vectors or intermediate hosts.

Vector control is any method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens. The most frequent type of vector control is mosquito control using a variety of strategies. Several of the "neglected tropical diseases" are spread by such vectors.

Insecticides, larvicides, rodent<nowiki/>icides, Lethal ovitraps and repellents can be used to control vectors. For example, larvicides can be used in mosquito breeding zones; insecticides can be applied to house walls or bed nets, and use of personal repellents can reduce incidence of insect bites and thus infection.

Vector control is a highly effective way to reduce malaria transmission and is a vital component of malaria control and elimination strategies. WHO currently recommends deployment of either insecticide-treated nets or indoor residual spraying for malaria vector control in most areas at risk of malaria.

Vector control is crucial to reduce the incidence of infection from diseases; this is especially important for those for which there is currently no effective cure or preventive medical measures available, such as Dengue, West Nile virus and Chikungunya virus.

Vectors, as defined by the California Department of Public Health, are “any insect or other arthropod, rodent or other animal of public health significance capable of harboring or transmitting the causative agents of human disease, or capable of causing human discomfort and injury."
Ciutadella de Menorca

**Ciutadella de Menorca** or simply **Ciutadella** is a municipality in the western end of Menorca, one of the Balearic Islands (Spain). It is one of the two primary cities in the island, along with Maó.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ciutadella de Menorca
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **image skyline**: CiutadellaPort.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Port of Ciutadella
- **image seal**: Escudo de Ciudadela (Islas Baleares).svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Llorenç Ferrer
- **area total km2**: 186.3
- **population total**: 31,941
- **population as of**: January 1, 2024
- **population density km2**: 171.4
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 07760, 07769
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 07015
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:ES, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Orpington

**Orpington** is a town located in the London Borough of Bromley, in the southeast of Greater London, England. It is situated about 16 miles southeast of central London and has a population of approximately 16,000 people.

The town has a rich history dating back to the Roman times, with evidence of a Roman villa found in the area. During the medieval period, the town was known for its wool and became an important centre for weaving.

In the 19th century, the arrival of the railway transformed Orpington from a small village into a thriving commuter town. The town grew rapidly in the 20th century and became a popular residential area for people working in London.

Today, Orpington is a bustling town with a range of amenities and attractions, including the Walnuts Shopping Centre, the Priory Gardens, and the Orpington Hospital. The town is also home to several schools and has good transport links to London and the surrounding areas, making it a popular choice for commuters.
Model-based design

**Model-based design** is a way to create systems by using 'behavioral' and 'implementation' computer models, to simulate how they should work before being built in the real world. It is used in many industries, including aerospace, automotive, and medical sectors. These models can be used for fast testing of ideas. They can verify the success and performance of a system faster and more efficiently than creating any physical products first.

## Behavioral Models

In model-based design, engineers start by creating a computer model that represents a product, often referred to as a "digital twin". This is a behavioral representation of the product, which helps engineers understand how the product should behave in different scenarios, in order to verify that it meets its requirements. This allows designers to simulate and test systems before they are actually built, allowing for a more efficient and effective design process.

## Implementation Models

Once the engineers are happy with the behavior of the digital twin, they create a more specific implementation model. Implementation models provide a more detailed representation of a system's structure and functionality.  They often use specific languages or tools to describe the system's components and their interactions. Implementation models can be used to automatically generate code, which helps save time and reduces the possibility of errors.

## Product Examples

Model-based design is often used in embedded systems, such as equipment and medical devices. Engineers might create a digital twin of a pacemaker, and use this to simulate how it will behave in different scenarios. This can help ensure that the pacemaker will function correctly before it is placed in a patient. Automotive companies use model-based design when creating vehicles. A digital twin of an engine may be created to simulate how it will perform in different driving conditions. This can help engineers optimize the design of the engine before building it in the real world.

## Advantages

- System models can be tested in different scenarios early on, so designers can identify issues before physical products are built in the real world.
- Existing models can be used as a starting point for new ones, allowing for new products to be developed quicker than would otherwise be possible.
- Implementation models can be used to automatically generate code, reducing development costs and improving the overall quality of the product.

## Disadvantages

- Model-based design requires knowledge in computer modeling and simulation, which may be a barrier for some designers or companies.
- The accuracy of simulations depends on the quality of the models used. If models are not built accurately, they may not provide useful information.
- As a system becomes more complex, the amount of functionality increases, making it more difficult and time-consuming to create accurate models.
Platymantis cornutus

The **horned wrinkled ground frog** (_Platymantis cornutus_) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines.  Scientists have seen it between 500 and 900 meters above sea level in the Central Cordillera mountains.
Sophie-Philippine of France

**Sophie-Philippine of France** (27 July 1734 – 2 March 1782) was a French princess, a _fille de France_, and a Duchess of Louvois. She was a daughter of King Louis XV of France and Queen Marie Leszczyńska. She was one of the _Mesdames de France_.

## Life

Sophie was born on 27 July 1734 in the Palace of Versailles in France. She was the eight child and sixth daughter of King Louis XV of France and his wife, Marie Leszczyńska. Sophie and her sisters were called the _Mesdames de France_.

Sophie and the younger daughters of Louis XV were sent to live at the Abbey of Fontevraud. Sophie was able to leave the abbey in 1750. Madame Campan, the future lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie Antoinette, said that the sisters were not given much of an education, and said that they were traumatized from their stay.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Sophie of France
- **title**: fils de France, Princess of France
Duchess of Louvois
- **image**: Jean-Marc Nattier, Madame Sophie de France (1748) - 01.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Sophie in 1748, by Jean-Marc Nattier
- **full name**: Sophie Philippine Élisabeth Justine de France
- **house**: House of Bourbon, Bourbons of France
- **father**: Louis XV of France
- **mother**: Marie Leszczyńska
- **birth place**: Palace of Versailles, France
- **death place**: Palace of Versailles, France
- **burial place**: Basilica of St Denis, France
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism
- **signature**: Signature of Princess Sophie (Philippine Élisabeth Justine) of France, Madame Sophie in 1753 at the marriage of the Prince of Condé.png
Simon Ekpa

**Simon Ekpa** (born 21 March, 1985) is a Nigerian-Finnish political activist and former athlete. He is one of Nnamdi Kanu's disciples who fights for the independence of Biafra from Nigeria. Ekpa is said to have caused trouble in the South-East, especially with his sit-at-home orders before the 2023 general election in Nigeria.
U.S. Route 80

**U.S. Route 80** or **U.S. Highway 80** (**US 80**) is an east–west United States highway in the Southern United States. Its western end is at Interstate 30/US 67 in Dallas, Texas. Its eastern end is at Georgia State Route 26 in Tybee Island, Georgia near the Atlantic Ocean. The highway is  long.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 80
- **history**: Original west end at U.S. Route 101 in California, US 101 in San Diego, California, San Diego, CA. Moved to Dallas, Texas, Dallas, TX by 1991.
- **length mi**: 1035
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: November 11, 1926
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: on the Dallas–Mesquite, Texas, Mesquite, TX city line
- **junction**: in Meridian, Mississippi, Meridian, MS

in Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery, AL

in Columbus, Georgia, Columbus, GA

in Macon, Georgia, Macon, GA

in Dublin, Georgia, Dublin, GA

in Pooler, Georgia, Pooler, GA
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: in Tybee Island, Georgia
- **states**: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **previous type**: US
- **previous route**: 79
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 81
Vivek Ramaswamy 2024 presidential campaign

The presidential campaign of Vivek Ramaswamy for the 2024 United States presidential election began on February 21, 2023. By early February, it was reported that Ramaswamy, a first generation Indian American, was preparing a presidential campaign. A wealthy biotech entrepreneur, Ramaswamy officially announced his campaign on February 21, 2023.

Ramaswamy is an outspoken critic of “woke-ism”, which he considers victimhood belief-system that negatively impacts the key American values of faith, patriotism, and work-ethics. Ramaswamy has also criticized the corporate environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) initiatives, alleging that these ESG activities mix business with politics and disadvantage the shareholders. The New York Times has described Ramaswamy as an anti-woke candidate, and _The Hill_ characterizes him as a conservative.

His campaign admitted in May 2023 that he had paid an editor to edit his English Wikipedia page before announcing his candidacy, but denied that it was politically motivated.

Following the 2024 Iowa caucus on January 15, 2024, Ramaswamy ended his campaign, and formally endorsed Donald Trump.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **logo**: Vivek 2024 Logo.png
- **candidate**: Vivek Ramaswamy
- **announced**: February 21, 2023
- **suspended**: January 15, 2024
- **slogan**: A New American Dream
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement

The **Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement** of the University of Pennsylvania in Washington, D.C., and is named for the 46th president of the United States, Joe Biden. It is a think tank.
Joe Biden classified documents incident

Between November 2022 and January 2023, about 25 to 30 classified government documents were found by President Joe Biden's lawyers in his former office at the Penn Biden Center in Washington, D.C., and in his personal home in Wilmington, Delaware, during his time in the Senate and his vice presidency in the Obama administration.

On November 2, 2022, Biden's attorneys discovered the first set of classified documents in a locked closet at the Penn Biden Center. Biden's attorneys found a second set of documents at Biden's home on December 20, and several more on January 9 and January 12, 2023. Biden's personal attorney said on January 21 that the Justice Department discovered six items and some of Biden's handwritten notes from his vice presidency.

On January 12, 2023, Attorney General Merrick Garland created a special counsel to investigate the findings.
2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine

On February 20, 2023, the President of the United States, Joe Biden, visited Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was his first visit since the 2022 Russian invasion started. Mostly because of security concerns, he did not tell the public before his arrival. Only two journalists went with him.

This was the first time in modern history that a current U.S. President has traveled to an active war zone not controlled by the American military. It was the closest a president had come to a combat zone since Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.

The Pentagon and the Secret Service did not want Biden to visit Kyiv. Some people thought he might meet Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy near the Polish border or in Lviv, Western Ukraine. The visit came when US poll numbers began to drop about supporting Ukraine in the war.

During his visit, Biden announced more military aid for Ukraine, worth US$500 million and including ammunition for a rocket launcher system.

Reactions to the visit were mixed, with some Republicans criticizing it and many Democrats supporting it. Many Russian politicians and military experts, such as former President Dmitry Medvedev, criticized Biden. Polish President Andrzej Duda said the trip was important for the Ukrainian soldiers.
Sweetheart Like You

"**Sweetheart Like You**" is a 1983 song by Bob Dylan and is the second single from his 22nd studio album _Infidels_. It peaked at number 55 in the United States and number 74 in Australia. It was covered by Rod Stewart for his 17th studio album _A Spanner in the Works_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Sweetheart Like You
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Bob Dylan
- **album**: Infidels (Bob Dylan album), Infidels
- **b-side**: "Union Sundown"
- **released**: December 1983
- **recorded**: April 18, 1983
Power Station (recording studio), Power Station, New York City
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 4:31
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Bob Dylan
- **prev title**: I and I (song), I and I
- **prev year**: 1983
- **next title**: Jokerman (song), Jokerman
- **next year**: 1984
White Iverson

"**White Iverson**" is a 2015 debut single by American rapper Post Malone and is the lead single from his debut studio album _Stoney_. It went to number 14 in the United States, number 41 in Canada, number 71 in Portugal and number 91 in Ireland. It has over one billion views on YouTube.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: White Iverson
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Post Malone
- **album**: Stoney (album), Stoney
- **released**: August 14, 2015
- **recorded**: February 2015
- **label**: Republic Records, Republic
- **writer**: * Post Malone, Austin Post
* FKi 1st, Trocon Roberts, Jr.
* Nikhil Lal
* Masamune Kudo
* Ikenna  Asonye
* Idan Kalai
* Andre Jackson
- **producer**: Post Malone, Rex Kudo
- **chronology**: Post Malone
- **next title**: Too Young (Post Malone song), Too Young
- **next year**: 2015
Motukarara

**Motukarara** is a settlement in the Selwyn District and Banks Peninsula. It is located on State Highway 75 and on the northeast of Lake Ellesmere/Te Waihora. It has a Racecourse for horse racing.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 9


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Motukarara
- **settlement type**: Locality
- **image skyline**: Motukarara, Canterbury, New Zealand, 5 May 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Rural road near Motukarara
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: New Zealand
- **subdivision type1**: Islands of New Zealand, Island
- **subdivision name1**: South Island
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of New Zealand, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Canterbury, New Zealand, Canterbury
- **subdivision type3**: Territorial authority
- **subdivision name3**: Selwyn District
- **subdivision type4**: Ward
- **subdivision name4**: Springs
- **seat type**: Electorates
- **seat**: Selwyn (New Zealand electorate), Selwyn
Te Tai Tonga
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Time in New Zealand, NZST
- **utc offset**: +12
- **timezone dst**: NZDT
- **utc offset dst**: +13
- **postal code type**: Postcodes in New Zealand, Postcode
- **postal code**: 7672
- **area code**: 03
- **blank name**: Local iwi
- **blank info**: Ngāi Tahu
Just Like Heaven (The Cure song)

"**Just Like Heaven**" is a 1987 song by the English gothic rock band The Cure and is the third single from their seventh studio album _Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me_. It went to the top 40 in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, Ireland and France. It did not chart in Canada and went on to be covered by Dinosaur Jr. and Katie Melua.

## Track listing

- 7" – Fiction / Fics 27 (UK)
1. "Just Like Heaven" [edited remix] (3:17)
1. "Snow in Summer" (3:26)

- 7" – Polydor / 887-104-7 (FR)
1. "Just Like Heaven" [Remix] (3:17)
1. "Snow in Summer" (3:26)

- 7" – Elektra / 7 69443 (U.S.)
1. "Just Like Heaven" [edited remix] (3:17)
1. "Breathe" (4:47)

- 7" – Polydor / 887 104-7 (FR)
1. "Just Like Heaven" (3:17)
1. "Breathe" (4:47)

- 12" – Fiction / Ficsx 27 (UK)
1. "Just Like Heaven" [remix] (3:29)
1. "Snow in Summer" (3:26)
1. "Sugar Girl" (3:14)

- also released on CD Fixcd 27

- 12" – Elektra / 0 66793 (U.S.)
1. "Just Like Heaven" [remix] (3:29)
1. "Breathe" (4:47)
1. "A Chain of Flowers" (4:55)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Just Like Heaven
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Cure
- **album**: Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me
- **released**: 5 October 1987
- **recorded**: Studio Miraval, France, 1987
- **length**: 3:32
- **label**: Fiction Records, Fiction
- **writer**: Robert Smith (musician), Robert Smith, Simon Gallup, Porl Thompson, Boris Williams, Lol Tolhurst
- **producer**: David M. Allen, Robert Smith
- **prev title**: Catch (The Cure song), Catch
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: Hot Hot Hot!!! (The Cure song), Hot Hot Hot!!!
- **next year**: 1988
Murder of Stephen Lawrence

**Stephen Lawrence** (13 September 1974 – 22 April 1993) was a black British teenager from Plumstead, southeast London. He was murdered in a racist attack while waiting for a bus in Well Hall Road, Eltham on the 22 April 1993, when he was 18 years old. The case caused changes of views on racism and the police. It also led to the partial end of the rule against double jeopardy. Two of the killers were convicted of murder on 3 January 2012.

## Infobox (news event)

- **date**: 22 April 1993
- **place**: England
- **notes**: Hate crime, Racially motivated attack
- **image**: Well_Hall_Road%2C_SE9_-_geograph.org.uk_-_229103.jpg
- **caption**: Well Hall Road, Eltham, in 2006, near the scene of the crime.
- **image size**: 320
Crazy (Willie Nelson song)

"**Crazy** is a 1961 song by Patsy Cline and was written by Willie Nelson. It went to number 9 in the United States, number 8 in Canada, number 56 in Australia and number 14 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It has been covered by numerous artists including Willie Nelson and Linda Ronstadt.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Crazy
- **caption**: One of side-A labels of US single
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Patsy Cline
- **album**: Showcase (Patsy Cline album), Showcase
- **b-side**: Who Can I Count On?
- **studio**: Bradley Film and Recording Studio, Nashville, Tennessee
- **length**: 2:41
- **label**: Decca Records, Decca
- **writer**: Willie Nelson
- **producer**: Owen Bradley
- **prev title**: I Fall to Pieces
- **prev year**: 1961
- **next title**: She's Got You
- **next year**: 1962
Your Love Alone Is Not Enough

"**Your Love Alone Is Not Enough**" is a 2007 song by Welsh band Manic Street Preachers and is the second single from their eighth studio album _Send Away the Tigers_. It is a duet with Nina Persson from The Cardigans. It went to number 1 in Scotland, number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 5 in Norway, number 7 in Belgium and Ireland, number 20 in New Zealand, number 48 in Sweden, number 66 in Switzerland and number 78 in the Netherlands.

## Track listings

**CD single**
1. "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" – 3:57
1. "Boxes & Lists" – 3:56

**Maxi CD single**
1. "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" – 3:57
1. "Love Letter to the Future" – 3:44
1. "Welcome to the Dead Zone" – 3:42
1. "Little Girl Lost" – 2:14

**7-inch limited edition**
1. "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" – 3:55
1. "Fearless Punk Ballad" – 3:59

**Digital download**
1. "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" – 3:55
1. "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" (James Solo Acoustic) – 3:59
1. "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough" (Nina Solo Acoustic) – 3:59

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Your Love Alone Is Not Enough
- **caption**: Cover image taken from _Monika Monster Future First Woman on Mars_ by Valerie Philips
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Manic Street Preachers featuring Nina Persson
- **album**: Send Away the Tigers
- **genre**: * Blues rock
* Pop music, pop
- **length**: 3:55
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: * James Dean Bradfield
* Nicky Wire
* Sean Moore (musician), Sean Moore
- **producer**: Dave Eringa
- **chronology**: Manic Street Preachers
- **prev title**: Underdogs (song), Underdogs
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: Autumnsong
- **next year**: 2007
Louis II of Italy

Louis II (825 — 12 August 875) also known as "the younger" was the son of Emperor Lothar I of the Holy Roman Empire. He was king of Italy and emperor of the Carolingian Empire, co-ruling with his father until 855.
U.S. Route 90

**U.S. Route 90** or **U.S. Highway 90** (**US 90**) is an east–west United States highway in the Southeastern United States. Its western end is at Interstate 10 Business/Texas State Highway 54 in Van Horn, Texas. Its eastern end is at Florida State Road A1A in Jacksonville Beach, Florida, near the Atlantic Ocean. The highway is  long.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 90
- **map custom**: yes
- **map notes**: US 90 highlighted in red
- **length mi**: 1633
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: West
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus a**: in Van Horn, Texas, Van Horn, TX
- **junction**: in San Antonio, Texas, San Antonio, TX

in Houston, Texas, Houston, TX

in Houston, TX

in New Orleans, Louisiana, New Orleans, LA

in New Orleans, LA

in Gulfport, Mississippi, Gulfport, MS

in Mobile, AL

in Lake City, Florida, Lake City, FL

in Jacksonville, FL
 in Jacksonville, FL
- **terminus b**: in Jacksonville Beach, FL
- **states**: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida
- **previous type**: US
- **previous route**: 89
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 91