juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Silence procedure

**Silence procedure** (French: _procédure d'approbation tacite_) is a decision-making tactic or process used in international political contexts.  The procedure is based on the Latin phrase _qui tacet consentire videtur_ which means "he who is silent is taken to agree" or "silence means consent".

The silence procedure is used to enhance the process of consensus-building.  It is used by many international groups, including NATO, and the European Union (EU).

In the contexts of such multi-party groups, silence signifies a willingness to work together to limit the possible causes of paralysis.
Ahumada Municipality

**Ahumada** is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat is Villa Ahumada. The municipality covers an area of 17,131.5 km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 11,727.

### Towns and villages

|**Name**|**Population**|
| --- | --- |
|Villa Ahumada|8,753|
|Moctezuma|129|
|Ojo Caliente, Chihuahua|509|
|Álamos de Peña|326|
|El Carrizal|102|
|**Total Municipality**|**11,727**|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ahumada
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image shield**: Escudo Ahumada.png
- **image map**: Ahumada en Chihuahua.svg
- **map caption**: Municipality of Ahumada in Chihuahua
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua
- **subdivision type2**: Municipal seat
- **subdivision name2**: Villa Ahumada
- **area total km2**: 17131.5
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 11457
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
Villa Ahumada

**Villa Ahumada** (officially **Miguel Ahumada**) is the seat of the Ahumada Municipality in the Chihuahua, Mexico. It had 8,753 inhabitants (2005). It is located along Highway 45, about  south of Ciudad Juárez and  north of the city of Chihuahua.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Villa Ahumada
- **settlement type**: Municipal seat and city
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image shield**: Escudo Ahumada.png
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: States of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Ahumada Municipality, Ahumada
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 8,753
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
Municipalities of Coahuila

<noinclude>**Coahuila** is divided into
**38 municipalities** _(municipios)_.

</noinclude>{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#d8edff;"
!INEGI code
!Municipality
!Municipal Seat
|-
|001  ||Abasolo  || Abasolo
|-
|002  ||Acuña  || Ciudad Acuña
|-
|003  ||Allende  || Allende
|-
|004 ||Arteaga  || Arteaga
|-
|005  ||Candela  || Candela
|-
|006  ||Castaños  || Castaños
|-
|007  || Cuatrociénegas  || Cuatrociénegas de Carranza
|-
|008  ||Escobedo  || Escobedo
|-
|009  ||Francisco I. Madero  || Francisco I. Madero
|-
|010  ||Frontera  || Ciudad Frontera
|-
|011  ||General Cepeda  || General Cepeda
|-
|012  ||Guerrero  || Guerrero
|-
|013  ||Hidalgo  || Hidalgo
|-
|014  ||Jiménez  || Jiménez
|-
|015  ||Juárez  || Juárez
|-
|016  ||Lamadrid  || Lamadrid
|-
|017  || Matamoros  || Matamoros de la Laguna
|-
|018  ||Monclova  || Monclova
|-
|019  ||Morelos  || Morelos
|-
|020  ||Múzquiz  || Santa Rosa de Múzquiz
|-
|021  ||Nadadores  || Nadadores
|-
|022  ||Nava  || Nava
|-
|023  ||Ocampo  || Ocampo
|-
|024  ||Parras  || Parras de la Fuente
|-
|025  ||Piedras Negras  || Piedras Negras
|-
|026  ||Progreso  || Progreso
|-
|027  ||Ramos Arizpe  || Ramos Arizpe
|-
|028  ||Sabinas  || Sabinas
|-
|029  ||Sacramento  || Sacramento
|-
|030  ||Saltillo  || Saltillo
|-
|031  ||San Buenaventura  || San Buenaventura
|-
|032  ||San Juan de Sabinas  || Nueva Rosita
|-
|033  ||San Pedro de las Colonias  || San Pedro de las Colonias
|-
|034  ||Sierra Mojada  || Sierra Mojada
|-
|035  ||Torreón  || Torreón
|-
|036  ||Viesca  || Viesca
|-
|037  ||Villa Unión  || Villa Unión
|-
|038  || Zaragoza  || Zaragoza
|}<noinclude>

</noinclude>
General Cepeda Municipality

**General Cepeda** is a one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat is General Cepeda. The municipality covers an area of 3517 km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 11,284.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: General Cepeda
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image shield**: Coat of arms, General Cepeda (Coahuila).jpg
- **shield size**: 90px
- **image map**: General Cepeda en Coahuila.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Municipality of General Cepeda in Coahuila
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Coahuila
- **subdivision type2**: Municipal seat
- **subdivision name2**: General Cepeda, Coahuila, General Cepeda
- **area total km2**: 3517
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 11,284
Providenciales

**Providenciales** is the main tourist island in the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is also where most of the people in the country live, with a population of about 32,000. The island has an area of .

Grace Bay is where most of the resorts are. The first resort was Club Med. It opened in 1984. Blue Hills, Five Cays, and The Bight were the original villages.

## Other websites

- Providenciales - Visit Turks and Caicos Islands
Vortex (Kings Island)

**Vortex** is a steel roller coaster at Kings Island in Mason, Ohio. It was designed and built by Arrow Dynamics. It cost $4 million. The ride officially opened to the public on April 11, 1987. When it opened, Vortex was the tallest, full-circuit roller coaster with the highest drop in the world. It was also the first one where riders are upside down six times.
Vortex is where The Bat used to be. The Bat was the world's first suspended roller coaster. There have been more than 38 million rides on Vortex. It is one of the most popular attractions at Kings Island.

## Other websites

- Official _Vortex_ page

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Vortex
- **image**: Vortex Kings Island.jpg
- **imagedimensions**: 200px
- **location**: Kings Island
- **section**: Coney Mall
- **type**: Steel
- **status**: Closed
- **manufacturer**: Arrow Dynamics
- **model**: Custom Looping Coaster
- **lift**: Chain lift hill
- **height ft**: 148
- **drop ft**: 138
- **length ft**: 3800
- **speed mph**: 55
- **inversions**: 6
- **duration**: 2:30
- **angle**: 55
- **capacity**: 1,600
- **cost**: $4,000,000 USD
- **previousattraction**: The Bat (Kings Island; opened 1981), The Bat
- **gforce**: 3.9
- **virtual queue name**: Fast Lane (Cedar Fair), Fast Lane
- **virtual queue image**: Cedar_Fair_Fast_Lane_availability_icon.svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
- **restriction in**: 48
- **trains**: 3
- **carspertrain**: 7
- **rowspercar**: 2
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **rcdb number**: 71
- **transfer accessible**: available
Michelle Creber

**Michelle Nicole Creber** (born September 7, 1999) is a Canadian voice actress, actress and singer who is best known for voicing Apple Bloom, as well as the singing voice for Sweetie Belle in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. She released her first solo album titled _Timeless: Songs of a Century_ on August 28, 2012. The album features popular musicians from the brony community. She also hosts her own Internet radio show called Saturday Night Songs, on the brony media network "Everfree Network". and Michelle Creber burps from youtube videos.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Michelle Creber at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michelle Creber
- **image**: Michelle Creber - Leo Awards 2015 (Vancouver, BC) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Creber in 2015
- **birth name**: Michelle Nicole Creber
- **birth place**: Vancouver, Canada
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian
- **known for**: Apple Bloom and Sweetie Belle’s singing voice (until 2013) in _My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic_
- **occupation**: Voice actress, actress, singer
- **years active**: 2008–present
Tamim Iqbal

**Tamim Iqbal Khan** popularly known as **Tamim Iqbal** () (born  20 March 1989) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. Tamim made his One Day International and Test debut at 2007. He is a left-handed opening batsman and was the captain of Bangladesh national cricket team from March 2020 to August 2023.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Tamim Iqbal
- **image**: Tamim Iqbal Khan.jpg
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **fullname**: Tamim Iqbal Khan
- **nickname**: Tamim
- **birth place**: Chittagong, Bangladesh
- **heightft**: 5
- **heightinch**: 9
- **family**: Akram Khan (cricketer), Akram Khan (paternal uncle),
Nafees Iqbal (brother)
- **role**: Opening batsman
- **batting**: Left-handed bat
- **international**: true
- **testdebutdate**: 4–6 January,
- **testdebutyear**: 2008
- **testdebutagainst**: New Zealand
- **testcap**: 50
- **lasttestdate**: 22 February
- **lasttestyear**: 2020
- **lasttestagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **odidebutdate**: 9 February,
- **odidebutyear**: 2007
- **odidebutagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **odicap**: 83
- **lastodidate**: 23 September
- **lastodiyear**: 2023
- **lastodiagainst**: New Zealand
- **odishirt**: 29
- **t20idebutagainst**: Kenya
- **t20idebutdate**: 1 September
- **t20idebutyear**: 2007
- **t20idebutfor**: Bangladesh
- **t20icap**: 17
- **lastt20iagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **lastt20idate**: 9 March
- **lastt20iyear**: 2020
- **club1**: Chittagong Division cricket team, Chittagong Division
- **year1**: 2004–present
- **club2**: Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club, Nottinghamshire
- **year2**: 2011
- **club3**: Chittagong Kings
- **year3**: 2012
- **club4**: Duronto Rajshahi
- **year4**: 2013-Present
- **club5**: Wayamba United
- **year5**: 2012
- **club6**: Karachi Kings
- **year6**: 2019-Present
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **column3**: Twenty20 International, T20I
- **column4**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches1**: 60
- **matches2**: 243
- **matches3**: 78
- **matches4**: 92
- **runs1**: 4,405
- **runs2**: 8,357
- **runs3**: 1,758
- **runs4**: 7,125
- **bat avg1**: 38.89
- **bat avg2**: 36.65
- **bat avg3**: 24.08
- **bat avg4**: 43.17
- **100s/50s1**: 9/27
- **100s/50s2**: 14/56
- **100s/50s3**: 1/7
- **100s/50s4**: 16/40
- **top score1**: 206
- **top score2**: 158
- **top score3**: 103*
- **top score4**: 334*
- **deliveries1**: 30
- **deliveries2**: 6
- **deliveries3**: –
- **deliveries4**: 252
- **wickets1**: 0
- **wickets2**: 0
- **wickets3**: –
- **wickets4**: 0
- **bowl avg1**: –
- **bowl avg2**: –
- **bowl avg3**: –
- **bowl avg4**: –
- **fivefor1**: –
- **fivefor2**: –
- **fivefor3**: –
- **fivefor4**: –
- **tenfor1**: –
- **tenfor2**: –
- **tenfor3**: –
- **tenfor4**: –
- **best bowling1**: –
- **best bowling2**: –
- **best bowling3**: –
- **best bowling4**: –
- **catches/stumpings1**: 20/–
- **catches/stumpings2**: 68/–
- **catches/stumpings3**: 18/–
- **catches/stumpings4**: 35/–
- **source**: http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/56194.html ESPNCricinfo
- **date**: 5 October 2023
Mohammad Ashraful

**Mohammad Ashraful** () (born 7 July 1984) is a Bangladeshi international cricket player. He was the captain of national side during 2008-2010. Ashraful captained his country in 13 Tests. But lost in 12 and one ended draw. He also captained 38 One Day Internationals (ODIs) of which Bangladesh won eight. Ashraful scored the fastest fifty in the test among any batsman of the world, also scored the fastest fifty in the ODI and twenty20 international comparing any Bangladeshi batsman. He is the youngest test centurion.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Mohammad Ashraful
- **image**: Mohammad Ashraful (3).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **fullname**: Mohammad Ashraful
- **birth place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **role**: Batsman
- **batting**: Right handed
- **bowling**: Right arm leg break
- **international**: true
- **testdebutdate**: 6 September
- **testdebutyear**: 2001
- **testdebutagainst**: Sri Lanka
- **testcap**: 17
- **lasttestdate**: 8 August
- **lasttestyear**: 2011
- **lasttestagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **odidebutdate**: 11 April
- **odidebutyear**: 2001
- **odidebutagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **odicap**: 51
- **lastodidate**: 15 October
- **lastodiyear**: 2011
- **lastodiagainst**: West Indies
- **club1**: Dhaka Metropolis
- **year1**: 2000–2001
- **club2**: Dhaka Division cricket team, Dhaka Division
- **year2**: 2001–2011
- **club3**: Mohammedan Sporting Club (Bangladesh), Mohammedan Sporting Club
- **year3**: 2008–present
- **club4**: Mumbai Indians
- **year4**: 2009
- **club5**: Dhaka Metropolis
- **year5**: 2011–present
- **club6**: Dhaka Gladiators
- **year6**: 2012-
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 57
- **runs1**: 2,419
- **bat avg1**: 22.60
- **100s/50s1**: 5/8
- **top score1**: 158*
- **deliveries1**: 1,615
- **wickets1**: 20
- **bowl avg1**: 60.40
- **fivefor1**: 0
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **best bowling1**: 2/42
- **catches/stumpings1**: 24/–
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **matches2**: 171
- **runs2**: 3,397
- **bat avg2**: 22.49
- **100s/50s2**: 3/20
- **top score2**: 109
- **deliveries2**: 697
- **wickets2**: 18
- **bowl avg2**: 36.72
- **fivefor2**: 0
- **tenfor2**: n/a
- **best bowling2**: 3/26
- **catches/stumpings2**: 35/–
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches3**: 127
- **runs3**: 6,444
- **bat avg3**: 28.26
- **100s/50s3**: 16/28
- **top score3**: 263
- **deliveries3**: 9,134
- **wickets3**: 155
- **bowl avg3**: 35.45
- **fivefor3**: 6
- **tenfor3**: 0
- **best bowling3**: 7/99
- **catches/stumpings3**: 66/–
- **column4**: List A cricket, List A
- **matches4**: 223
- **runs4**: 4,600
- **bat avg4**: 23.71
- **100s/50s4**: 5/25
- **top score4**: 118*
- **deliveries4**: 1,559
- **wickets4**: 47
- **bowl avg4**: 29.06
- **fivefor4**: 0
- **tenfor4**: n/a
- **best bowling4**: 4/28
- **catches/stumpings4**: 55/–
- **date**: 11 January
- **year**: 2013
- **source**: http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/55988.html Cricinfo
Marianne Faithfull

**Marianne Evelyn Gabriel Faithfull** (29 December 1946 – 30 January 2025) was an English singer and actress who had many hit songs, solo and with other singers. Her singing career began around 1964. She became popular in the 1960s with the release of her hit single "As Tears Go By". She became one of the lead female artists during the British Invasion in the United States.

Faithfull was born in Hampstead, London. She was of Austrian ancestry. She was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1981.

In 2006, Faithfull was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had surgery later the same year and recovered. In 2007, she said she was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 1995. In April 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, it was reported that Faithfull was being treated in hospital for COVID-19.

Faithfull died on 30 January 2025 in London at the age of 78.
Matlock (1986 TV series)

**Matlock** is an American mystery legal drama television series. It starred Andy Griffith as defense attorney Ben Matlock. The television series was broadcast on ABC and on NBC. The series was set in Atlanta, Georgia. It ran from September 1986 through May 1995. The series had 9 seasons and 195 episodes. The series had several spin-offs such as _Jake and the Fatman_ and _Diagnosis: Murder_.

## Other websites

- Andy Griffith as Ben Matlock An unofficial _Matlock_ website
- Ben Matlock at TV Acres  A page dedicated to Ben Matlock, including notable case synopses and list of Simpsons quotes.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Matlock Logo.svg
- **creator**: Dean Hargrove
- **theme music composer**: Dick DeBenedictis
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 9
- **num episodes**: 193 (+ pilot movie)
- **list episodes**: List of Matlock episodes
- **runtime**: 45–48 minutes
- **network**: NBC
- **network2**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **related**: _Jake and the Fatman_
_Diagnosis: Murder_
Peter Haskell

**Peter Abraham Haskell** (October 15, 1934 – April 12, 2010) was an American actor. He was mostly known for guest-starring in many famous shows such as _Columbo_, _Matlock_, _Barnaby Jones_, _Frasier_, _The Mary Tyler Moore Show_, _Medical Center_, and in _Dr. Kildare_.

Haskell was born on October 15, 1934 in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Buckingham Browne & Nichols and at Harvard University. Haskell was married to Annie Compton from 1960 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Dianne Tolmich from 1974 until his death in 2010. He had two children, a daughter and son. Haskell died on April 12, 2010 from unknown causes in Northridge, California, aged 75.
Humoral immunity

The **humoral immune system** is a part of the immune system which defends the body against invading organisms and other foreign material.

The humeral part is done by macromolecules outside the cells. These may be secreted antibodies, complement proteins, or certain antimicrobial peptides. Their job is to attack bacteria (and other foreign substances) which are loose in the blood stream or other fluids. In older medicine, these fluids were called "humors". Both the more primitive innate immune system, and the later acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, have humoral components.

The humoral immune system contrasts with the cell-mediated immunity. That  involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.

## How the humoral system works

The main cells that make it work are the B cells, which create and secrete antibodies that seek out the invaders and attach to them.  Once the invader is coated in antibodies, this targets the invader for destruction by other parts of the immune system.  Before the B cell can create antibodies, it first needs T helper cells to 'teach' the B cell about details of the incoming invader. This is a key part of the adaptive immune system, and the reference attached here summarizes the process.

The production of antibodies tailor-made to combat particular bacteria is the most important element, but there are a number of other humeral defenses from the more primitive innate immune system.
|Substance||Activity||Discovery|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Alexin(s) Complement||Soluble components in the serum that are capable of killing microorganisms ||Buchner (1890), Ehrlich (1892)|||||
|Antitoxins|Substances in the serum that can neutralize the activity of toxins. This is passive immunization ||von Behring and Kitasato (1890)||||
|Bacteriolysins|Serum substances that work with the complement proteins to induce bacterial lysis || Richard Pfeiffer (1895)||||
|Bacterial agglutinins and precipitins|| Serum substances that agglutinate bacteria and precipitate bacterial toxins ||von Gruber and Durham (1896), Kraus (1897)|||||
|Haemolysins|Serum substances that work with complement to lyse red blood cells || Belfanti and Carbone (1898) Jules Bordet (1899)||||
|Opsonins|Serum substances that coat the outer membrane of foreign substances and enhance the rate of phagocytosis by macrophages ||Wright and Douglas (1903)||||
|Antibody|Formation (1900), antigen-antibody binding hypothesis (1938), produced by B cells (1948), structure (1972), immunoglobulin genes (1976)|| Founder: P Ehrlich||||
Andrew Shaw

**Andrew Shaw** (born July 20, 1991 in Belleville, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played parts of 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Montreal Canadiens.

He began his hockey career with the Niagara IceDogs of the OHL and played for them for 2 seasons. He also played for the Owen Sound Attack for 1 season. He entered the draft on 2011 and he was drafted with the 139th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.

He was assigned to the Rockford IceHogs, the farm team of the Blackhawks. He was called up to the Blackhawks during the 2011-12 NHL season. On January 5, 2012, he got in his first-ever NHL fight on the second shift of his first NHL game. He returned to the game after receiving stitches and score the first goal of his NHL career on his first shot of his first game against Ilya Bryzgalov of the Philadelphia Flyers. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On April 26, 2021, Shaw announced his retirement from playing professional ice hockey. He said that he suffered too many concussions and doctors told him to retire.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Andrew Shaw
- **image**: Andrew Shaw - Chicago Blackhawks.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Shaw with the Blackhawks in 2014
- **birth place**: Belleville, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 182
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **former teams**: Montreal Canadiens Chicago Blackhawks
- **draft**: 139th overall
- **draft year**: 2011
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2011
- **career end**: 2021
Allison Crowe

**Allison Crowe** (November 16, 1981, British Columbia) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist and pianist.  Most of the songs she records are written by Crowe. She is known as well for releasing cover versions of certain songs. She is known for releasing independent albums. Cover songs include the Beatles' _Let it Be_ and _Imagine_ from John Lennon. Her distinctive voice is often compared against that of Mahalia Jackson. She appeared in a cameo role in the 2013 movie _Man of Steel_.
Moore's law

**Moore's law** is that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles about every two years.  Intel executive David House said the period was "18 months".  He predicted that period for a doubling in chip performance: a combination of the effect of more transistors and their being faster.

The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.
The paper stated that the number of components in integrated circuits had doubled every year from the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 until 1965 and predicted that the trend would continue "for at least ten years". His prediction has proved very accurate. The law is used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development.

The capabilities of many digital electronic devices are strongly linked to Moore's law: processing speed, memory capacity, sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras. All of these have improved at (roughly) exponential rates as well.

This exponential improvement has greatly increased the effect of digital electronics in the world economy. Moore's law describes a driving force of technological and social change in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

This trend continued for more than half a century. Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed. Brian Krzanich, CEO of Intel, announced that "our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two".
Shahriar Nafees

**Shahriar Nafees Ahmed** () (born 25 January 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a left-handed opening batsman. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Bangladesh in 2005. The opposition team was England. In 2005 he played his first Test.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Shahriar Nafis
- **fullname**: Shahriar Nafees Ahmed
- **birth place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **nickname**: Abir
- **heightft**: 5
- **heightinch**: 9
- **batting**: Left-handed
- **role**: Batting (cricket), Top-order Batsman
- **family**: Iftekhar Nayeem (brother)
- **international**: true
- **internationalspan**: 2005–present
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **testdebutdate**: 12 September
- **testdebutyear**: 2005
- **testdebutagainst**: Sri Lanka
- **testcap**: 43
- **lasttestdate**: 17 April
- **lasttestyear**: 2013
- **lasttestagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **odidebutdate**: 21 June
- **odidebutyear**: 2005
- **odidebutagainst**: England
- **odicap**: 76
- **lastodidate**: 6 December
- **lastodiyear**: 2011
- **lastodiagainst**: Pakistan
- **onet20i**: true
- **t20idebutdate**: 28 November
- **t20idebutyear**: 2006
- **t20idebutagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **t20icap**: 10
- **club1**: Barisal Division cricket team, Barisal Blazers,
- **year1**: 2005–present
- **club2**: Dhaka Warriors
- **year2**: 2008
- **club3**: Barisal Blazers
- **year3**: 2009/10
- **club4**: Barisal Burners
- **year4**: 2012
- **club5**: Khulna Royal Bengal
- **year5**: 2013–present
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **column4**: List A cricket, LA
- **matches1**: 24
- **runs1**: 1,267
- **top score1**: 138
- **bat avg1**: 26.39
- **100s/50s1**: 1/7
- **catches/stumpings1**: 19/0
- **matches2**: 75
- **runs2**: 2,201
- **top score2**: 123*
- **bat avg2**: 31.44
- **100s/50s2**: 4/13
- **catches/stumpings2**: 13/0
- **matches3**: 115
- **runs3**: 7,715
- **top score3**: 219
- **bat avg3**: 39.16
- **100s/50s3**: 14/46
- **deliveries3**: 96
- **wickets3**: 0
- **fivefor3**: 0
- **tenfor3**: 0
- **catches/stumpings3**: 63/0
- **matches4**: 165
- **runs4**: 4,889
- **top score4**: 147
- **bat avg4**: 31.54
- **100s/50s4**: 8/27
- **catches/stumpings4**: 47/0
- **source**: http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/56153.html ESPNcricinfo
- **date**: 4 September
- **year**: 2017
Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)

**Mohammed Rafique** () (born September 5, 1970) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was the leading wicket-taker for Bangladesh in Test matches.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Mohammad Rafique
- **full name**: Mohammad Rafique
- **birth place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **batting**: Left-hand bat
- **bowling**: Slow left-arm orthodox
- **role**: Allrounder
- **international**: true
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **country2**: Asia XI
- **testdebutdate**: 10 November
- **testdebutyear**: 2000
- **testdebutfor**: Bangladesh
- **testdebutagainst**: India
- **testcap**: 8
- **lasttestdate**: 29 February
- **lasttestyear**: 2008
- **lasttestfor**: Bangladesh
- **lasttestagainst**: South Africa
- **odidebutdate**: 5 April
- **odidebutyear**: 1995
- **odidebutfor**: Bangladesh
- **odidebutagainst**: India
- **odicap**: 27
- **lastodidate**: 10 June
- **lastodiyear**: 2007
- **lastodifor**: Asia XI
- **lastodiagainst**: Africa XI
- **onet20i**: true
- **t20idebutdate**: 28 November
- **t20idebutyear**: 2006
- **t20idebutfor**: Bangladesh
- **t20idebutagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **t20icap**: 5
- **club1**: Sylhet Division cricket team, Sylhet Division
- **year1**: 2000
- **club2**: Dhaka Division cricket team, Dhaka Division
- **year2**: 2002–2008
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 33
- **runs1**: 1,059
- **bat avg1**: 18.57
- **100s/50s1**: 1/4
- **top score1**: 111
- **deliveries1**: 8,744
- **wickets1**: 100
- **bowl avg1**: 40.76
- **fivefor1**: 7
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **best bowling1**: 6/77
- **catches/stumpings1**: 7/–
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **matches2**: 125
- **runs2**: 1,191
- **bat avg2**: 13.38
- **100s/50s2**: 0/2
- **top score2**: 77
- **deliveries2**: 6,414
- **wickets2**: 125
- **bowl avg2**: 37.91
- **fivefor2**: 1
- **tenfor2**: –
- **best bowling2**: 5/47
- **catches/stumpings2**: 28/–
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches3**: 62
- **runs3**: 1,748
- **bat avg3**: 18.02
- **100s/50s3**: 1/9
- **top score3**: 111
- **deliveries3**: 16,304
- **wickets3**: 237
- **bowl avg3**: 28.01
- **fivefor3**: 12
- **tenfor3**: 2
- **best bowling3**: 7/52
- **catches/stumpings3**: 23/–
- **column4**: List A cricket, LA
- **matches4**: 164
- **runs4**: 1,551
- **bat avg4**: 13.14
- **100s/50s4**: 0/3
- **top score4**: 77
- **deliveries4**: 8,430
- **wickets4**: 184
- **bowl avg4**: 31.85
- **fivefor4**: 2
- **tenfor4**: –
- **best bowling4**: 5/16
- **catches/stumpings4**: 43/–
- **source**: http://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/55973.html ESPNcricinfo
- **date**: 25 January 2019
Javed Omar

**Mohammad Javed Omar Belim** (born November 25, 1976) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He has played Tests and ODI cricket since 2005.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Javed Omar
- **image**: Javed Omar.jpg
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **fullname**: Mohammad Javed Omar Belim
- **nickname**: Gullu
- **birth place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **heightft**: 5
- **heightinch**: 9
- **role**: Batsman
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **bowling**: Leg spin
- **international**: true
- **testdebutdate**: 19 April
- **testdebutyear**: 2001
- **testdebutagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **testcap**: 12
- **lasttestdate**: 14 July
- **lasttestyear**: 2007
- **lasttestagainst**: Sri Lanka
- **odidebutdate**: 5 April
- **odidebutyear**: 1995
- **odidebutagainst**: India
- **odicap**: 25
- **odishirt**: 5
- **lastodidate**: 25 July
- **lastodiyear**: 2007
- **lastodiagainst**: Sri Lanka
- **club1**: Dhaka Division cricket team, Dhaka Division
- **year1**: 2001–present
- **club2**: Biman Bangladesh Airlines cricket team, Biman Bangladesh Airlines
- **year2**: 2000–2001
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Tests
- **matches1**: 40
- **runs1**: 1720
- **bat avg1**: 22.05
- **100s/50s1**: 1/8
- **top score1**: 119
- **deliveries1**: 6
- **wickets1**: 0
- **bowl avg1**: -
- **fivefor1**: -
- **tenfor1**: -
- **best bowling1**: -
- **catches/stumpings1**: 10/–
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **matches2**: 59
- **runs2**: 1312
- **bat avg2**: 23.85
- **100s/50s2**: 0/10
- **top score2**: 85*
- **deliveries2**: 0
- **wickets2**: n/a
- **bowl avg2**: n/a
- **fivefor2**: n/a
- **tenfor2**: n/a
- **best bowling2**: n/a
- **catches/stumpings2**: 12/–
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches3**: 82
- **runs3**: 156
- **bat avg3**: 28.29
- **100s/50s3**: 8/20
- **top score3**: 173
- **deliveries3**: 240
- **wickets3**: 2
- **bowl avg3**: 76.50
- **fivefor3**: 0
- **tenfor3**: 0
- **best bowling3**: 2/75
- **catches/stumpings3**: 28/–
- **column4**: List A cricket, LA
- **matches4**: 94
- **runs4**: 2037
- **bat avg4**: 23.68
- **100s/50s4**: 0/12
- **top score4**: 85*
- **deliveries4**: 240
- **wickets4**: 0
- **bowl avg4**: n/a
- **fivefor4**: n/a
- **tenfor4**: n/a
- **best bowling4**: n/a
- **catches/stumpings4**: 25/–
- **date**: 2 September
- **year**: 2007
- **source**: https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2/2197/2197.html
cricketarchive.com
Khaled Mashud

**Khaled Mashud** () (born February 8, 1976 in Rajshahi) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He was a wicketkeeper, also a middle order batsman, member of the national team between 1995-2007. Former Bangladeshi coach Dav Whatmore said that Khaled Mashud was the best wicket-keeper in Asia.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Khaled Mashud
- **image**: Khaled Mashud Pilot.jpg
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **fullname**: Khaled Mashud
- **nickname**: Pilot
- **birth place**: Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **role**: Wicket-keeper
- **international**: true
- **testdebutdate**: 10 November
- **testdebutyear**: 2000
- **testdebutagainst**: India
- **testcap**: 6
- **lasttestdate**: 28 June
- **lasttestyear**: 2007
- **lasttestagainst**: Sri Lanka
- **odidebutdate**: 5 April
- **odidebutyear**: 1995
- **odidebutagainst**: India
- **odicap**: 26
- **lastodidate**: 5 December
- **lastodiyear**: 2006
- **lastodiagainst**: Zimbabwe
- **club1**: Rajshahi Division cricket team, Rajshahi Division
- **year1**: 1997 – 2011
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 44
- **runs1**: 1,409
- **bat avg1**: 19.04
- **100s/50s1**: 1/3
- **top score1**: 103not out, *
- **deliveries1**: 0
- **wickets1**: –
- **bowl avg1**: –
- **fivefor1**: –
- **tenfor1**: –
- **best bowling1**: –
- **catches/stumpings1**: 78/9
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **matches2**: 126
- **runs2**: 1,818
- **bat avg2**: 21.90
- **100s/50s2**: 0/7
- **top score2**: 71not out, *
- **deliveries2**: 0
- **wickets2**: –
- **bowl avg2**: –
- **fivefor2**: –
- **tenfor2**: –
- **best bowling2**: –
- **catches/stumpings2**: 91/35
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches3**: 101
- **runs3**: 3,933
- **bat avg3**: 24.89
- **100s/50s3**: 3/18
- **top score3**: 201not out, *
- **deliveries3**: 50
- **wickets3**: 0
- **bowl avg3**: –
- **fivefor3**: –
- **tenfor3**: –
- **best bowling3**: –
- **catches/stumpings3**: 174/18
- **column4**: List A cricket, LA
- **matches4**: 184
- **runs4**: 2,578
- **bat avg4**: 20.46
- **100s/50s4**: 0/10
- **top score4**: 71not out, *
- **deliveries4**: 7
- **wickets4**: 0
- **bowl avg4**: –
- **fivefor4**: –
- **tenfor4**: –
- **best bowling4**: –
- **catches/stumpings4**: 147/49
- **date**: 21 November
- **year**: 2008
- **source**: http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/55954.html Cricinfo
International Cricket Council

The **International Cricket Council (ICC)** is the world governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909. It was renamed in 1965 as the International Cricket Conference, and in 1989 as the International Cricket Council.

## Membership levels

Following its Annual General Meeting (AGM) in July 2025, the ICC has 110 member countries, with the possibility of 113 by the end of 2025. There are twelve Full Members, whose men's teams are automatically eligible to play both Test and One Day International (ODI) cricket. The other 98 are Associate Members. Until June 2017, there was a third tier called Affiliate Members, which was then abolished so that all Affiliate Members became Associate Members. All Full and Associate Members play Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket.

### Full membership

ICC Full Members following the July 2025 AGM are:

**Men's teams** (Test/ODI)
- Afghanistan
- Australia
- Bangladesh
- England
- India
- Ireland
- New Zealand
- Pakistan
- South Africa
- Sri Lanka
- West Indies
- Zimbabwe

**Women's teams** (ODI)
- Australia Women
- Bangladesh Women
- England Women
- India Women
- Ireland Women
- New Zealand Women
- Pakistan Women
- South Africa Women
- Sri Lanka Women
- West Indies Women
- Zimbabwe Women

### ODI status

Associate Members cannot play Test cricket, but those with ODI status can play in that form against the Full Members. ODI status (men and women) applies automatically to Full Members, and to the following Associate Member teams:

**Men's teams**
- Canada
- Namibia
- Nepal
- Oman
- Netherlands
- Scotland
- United Arab Emirates
- United States

**Women's teams**
- Netherlands Women
- Papua New Guinea Women
- Scotland Women
- Thailand Women
- United Arab Emirates Women
ICC

**ICC** may refer to:
- International Cricket Council
- International Criminal Court
- International Chamber of Commerce
HoboSapiens

***HoboSapiens*** is the fourteenth studio album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist John Cale, former member of The Velvet Underground. It was released in October 2003 as his first full-length album on EMI Records label. The producers are John Cale and Nick Franglen.

## Songs from the album

All tracks written by John Cale.
1. "Zen" – 6:03
1. "Reading My Mind" – 4:11
1. "Things" – 3:36
1. "Look Horizon" – 5:40
1. "Magritte" – 4:58
1. "Archimedes" – 4:40
1. "Caravan" – 6:43
1. "Bicycle" – 5:05
1. "Twilight Zone" – 3:49
1. "Letter From Abroad" – 5:10
1. "Things X" – 4:50
1. "Over Her Head" – 5:22

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: HoboSapiens
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: John Cale
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 60:15
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: EMI Records, EMI
- **producer**: John Cale, Nick Franglen
- **prev title**: 5 Tracks
(2003)
- **next title**: Process (album), Process
(2005)
Boris Pasternak

**Boris Leonidovich Pasternak**  (30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator.  His parents were Jewish Ukrainians.  In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology _My Sister, Life_, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language.  Furthermore, Pasternak's translations of plays by Goethe, Schiller and Shakespeare are deeply popular with Russian audiences.

Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known as the author of _Doctor Zhivago_, a novel which takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War.  Due to its independent minded stance on the socialist state, _Doctor Zhivago_ was refused publication in the USSR.  The typescript of _Doctor Zhivago_ was smuggled out of the country to Milan and published in 1957.

Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature the following year, an event which humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by the CPSU and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the prize. In his letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. He is still listed as the winner for that year.

By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He is still a major figure in Russian literature. Furthermore, the samizdat methods were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents.

### Poetry collections

- _Twin in the Clouds_ (1914)
- _Over the Barriers_ (1916)
- _Themes and Variations_ (1917)
- _My Sister, Life_ (1922)
- _On Early Trains_ (1944)
- _Selected Poems_ (1946)
- _Poems_ (1954)
- _When the Weather Clears_ (1959)
- _In The Interlude: Poems 1945–1960_ (1962)

### Books of prose

- _Safe Conduct_ (1931)
- _Second Birth_ (1932)
- _The Last Summer_ (1934)
- _Childhood_ (1941)
- _Selected Writings_ (1949)
- _Collected Works_ (1945)
- _Goethe's Faust_ (1952)
- _Essay in Autobiography_ (1956)
- _Doctor Zhivago_ (1957)

## Further reading

- Boris Pasternak 1957. _Doctor Zhivago_. Pantheon Books
- Boris Pasternak 1959. _I Remember: sketches for an autobiography_. Pantheon Books.
- Boris Pasternak 1967. _Sister, my life: Summer 1917_. transl. C. Flayderman. Washington Square Press.
- Boris Pasternak 1976. _My sister, life and other poems_. Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich. ISBN  0-15-163964-7
- Olga Ivinskaya 1978. _A captive of time; my years with Pasternak_. Doubleday.

## Related pages

- List of Russian language poets
- List of Russian novelists

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Boris Pasternak
- **image**: Boris Pasternak 1958 photo.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **birth name**: Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Peredelkino, USSR
- **nationality**: Russian, Soviet
- **occupation**: Poet, writer
- **notableworks**: _My Sister, Life_, _The Second Birth_, _Doctor Zhivago (novel), Doctor Zhivago_
Marivan

**Marivan Hashiye** (, )  is a city in the Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 111,031 (in 2005). The city is located near the border of Iran and Iraq.

"Lake Zarivar" is located to the west of Marivan. It has a length of 5 kilometres and a width of 1.6 kilometres. The water of the lake is fresh and has a depth of 6 metres.
Marivans people are mostly Kurds and followers of Sunni Islam.

Mariwan is famous for its two boulevards, Falakay Penjwen and Falakay Halabja.

## Other websites

- Government of Marivan

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Marivan Hashiye
مریوان حاشیه
- **native name**: Merîwan Hashiye
مەریوان حاشیه
- **native name lang**: ckb
- **settlement type**: City
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **pushpin map alt**: Location in Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Marivan County, Marivan
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Marivan County), Central
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1950s
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 1310
- **population total**: 91664
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +3:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: +4:30
- **area code**: (+98)87
- **website**: [http://www.marivancity.ir Mariwan Municipality]
Nyan Cat

**Nyan Cat** is a moving image on the internet which became famous. It has a cat with a Pop-Tart (a type of food) for a body flying through space, with a colourful rainbow behind it. There is also a song that you can hear when watching the moving image. Nyan Cat was the 5th most watched video on YouTube, the place that has the video, in the year 1984. Image of Nyan Cat

### Animated GIF

On April 2, 1992, a person named Christopher Torres put the moving picture, without the song, on his place in the internet. The place is called _LOL-comics_, and the picture is still there. Torres was making pictures, and two different people wanted him to make a cat and a piece of food. He combined the two to make a picture, and then made it a moving picture a few days later.

### The Song

The song was made using The Vocaloid Oliver from Vocaloid in Japan and put onto the internet.

### YouTube video

A YouTube user called "saraj00n"  put the moving picture together with the song and put it onto the internet on April 5, 2011. saraj00n called it "Nyan Cat". Torres wanted the cat to be called "Pop Tart Cat", but because of saraj00n now it's called "Nyan Cat".

## Popularity

The original moving picture that saraj00n put onto the internet was seen 90,000,000 times . It's very well known, so other people made their own Nyan Cats. People made songs for their phones, pictures for computers, and progress bars. There are also things for iPhones, Android phones,  Windows Phones, and HP webOS.
There is also a game about Nyan Cat called "Nyan Cat Adventure".
Nyan Cat was in ninth place in a contest for best moving picture on the internet in 2011 by Business Insider.

## Other websites

- The first Nyan Cat moving picture on YouTube by saraj00n, April 5, 2011.
- Nyan Cat's place on the internet
Sanandaj

**Sanandaj** (, ) is the capital city of Kurdistan Province of Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Its population was 311,446, in 81,380 families (at 2006). Its population is mostly Kurds and followers of Sunni Islam.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sanandaj
- **native name**: سنندج
- **settlement type**: city
- **image skyline**: Sanandaj, Iran 2013 (30) (15025235812).jpg
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 160px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Sanandaj County, Sanandaj
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Sanandaj County), Central
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 311446
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 1538
- **area code**: 0871
- **website**: [http://e-sanandaj.ir/Homepage.aspx?site=douranportal&tabid=1&lang=fa-IR  Sanandaj municipality]
Susanna Hoffs

**Susanna Hoffs** (born 17 January 1959) is an American guitarist, vocalist and actress who has had many hit singles with the group The Bangles. Her hits included "Manic Monday" and "Walk Like an Egyptian". She and the group disbanded in 1990, although the Bangles regrouped nine years later. She also had some solo hit songs during her career. She was born near Los Angeles.
Ingrid Michaelson

**Ingrid Ellen Michaelson** (born December 8, 1979, New York City) is an American musician. She has had five studio albums since 2005. She has not been signed to any major record labels. Her music has been used in several television programs, including _The Vampire Diaries_ and _Scrubs_. Michaelson performed with singer Sara Bareilles on the hit single "Winter Song".
Bob Godfrey

**Roland Frederick "Bob" Godfrey** (May 27, 1921 – February 21, 2013) was an English Academy Award-winning animator. He won the Academy Award and the BAFTA Award for his animated short movie _Great_ in 1975.

Godfrey was born on May 27, 1921 in West Maitland, New South Wales, Australia to British parents. He was raised in Ilford, Essex. Godfrey studied at Leyton Art School. He was never married. Godfrey died on February 21, 2013 in England from natural causes, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Bob Godfrey at Internet Movie Database
- _Bob Godfrey Films_ Website of The Bob Godfrey Collection
- _Animation Research Centre_ archive of Bob Godfrey's films and artwork
- Remembering Bob Godfrey at FLIP Animation Magazine Retrieved February 2013
Todor Kolev (actor)

**Todor Kolev** (; August 26, 1939 – February 15, 2013) was a Bulgarian actor, singer, comedian, and television presenter. He appeared in more than 30 movies and more than 50 television shows.

Kolev was born on August 26, 1939 in Shumen, Bulgaria. On February 15, 2013, he died in Sofia from lung cancer, aged 73.
Vicente Fernández

**Vicente Fernández Gómez** (February 17, 1940 – December 12, 2021) was a Latin American singer and actor. He is known as **Chente** or **El Rey De La Canción Ranchera** (The King of Ranchera Music). He had sold over 50 million copies worldwide. Fernandez had won eight Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards. His career spanned for over 60 years until his retirement in 2016.

Fernández was born on February 17, 1940 in Jalisco, Mexico. He had three children including Latin American singer Alejandro Fernández.

Fernández was hospitalized after falling at his home in Guadalajara on August 6, 2021. He died on December 12, 2021 from problems caused by that fall at 6:15 am in a hospital in his home town Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Sony Music

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vicente Fernández
- **image**: Vicente Fernández - Pepsi Center - 06.11.11.jpg
- **birth name**: Vicente Fernández Gómez
- **birth place**: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- **death place**: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- **years active**: 1952–2016
Robin Sachs

**Robin David Sachs** (5 February 1951 – 1 February 2013) was an English actor. He was known for his roles in _Babylon 5: In the Beginning_, _Buffy the Vampire Slayer_, _The Lost World: Jurassic Park_, _Galaxy Quest_, and in _Resident Evil: Damnation_.

Sachs was born on 5 February 1951 in London, England. He was married to Siân Phillips from 1979 until they divorced in 1991. Phillips was Peter O'Toole's ex-wife. Then he was married to Casey Defranco from 1995 until they divorced in 2006. Sachs died on 1 February 2013 in his home in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 61.