juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Incheon

**Incheon** (officially, Incheon Metropolitan City) is a major port city in South Korea and famous for Incheon International Airport.

Incheon is 28 km from the nation’s capital, Seoul. It is at 126° 37´ east longitude and 37° 28´ north latitude, the same latitude as San Francisco, Washington, Madrid, and Teheran. Incheon is the third largest city in South Korea, after Seoul and Busan and 2.6 million people live in Incheon (2009).

There are ten administrative districts in Incheon and it is divided into 8 wards ("gu") and 2 counties ("gun").

Incheon Subway and Seoul Metropolitan Subway is linked (line number 1) and it takes approximately an hour from Incheon subway station to Seoul Station.

## History

The history of Incheon started from the Goguryeo Kingdom in 475 AD, under the reign of King Jangsu. Its original name was Michuhol and it changed several times and renamed to Incheon-gun in the 13th year of King Taejong’s reign during Joseon period. In 1949, after Korea`s 1945 liberation, Incheon City reorganized.  It was finally renamed to Incheon Metropolitan City in 1995.

During the Korean War, there was the battle of Incheon led by an American general of UN Douglas MacArthur and the battle resulted in a decisive victory. It was also a strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations(UN). In a show of gratitude to the American soldier, Koreans in the late 1950s erected the bronze statue of MacArthur in a central park at Incheon that overlooks the sea area through which his troops came ashore.

## Culture and Tourism

Incheon is famous for 17th Asian Games,Incheon International Airport, Incheon Port, Songdo International City, Incheon Subway, and Munhak Worldcup Stadium are five major cites of Incheon.

### Ganghwa-county

Ganghwa-county (Ganghwa Island) is famous for dolmens registered as one of the World Heritages by UNESCO.
Hwamunseok mats are Incheon's famous local products, a figured mat. The beauty of these hand-woven mats has made them one of the most famous specialty products of Ganghwa-gun, and one of the most beloved traditional Korean crafts.

### Wolmido (Wolmi Island)

Wolmido was once a military base of Japanese Army during the Japanese colonial period and a outpost of the battle of Incheon. Nowadays, Wolmido is one of the most famous tourist spots near the Metropolitan area. Along the 1 km-long Wolmido Street of Culture, there are lots of beautiful cafes and restaurants. Wolmido is also famous for street performers, portrait artists and Wolmi Festival.

## Incheon Free Economic Zone

To become an international economic hub and a center of business and service industry of Asia, Incheon is developing free economic zone in the three regions of Songdo, Cheongra, and the island of Yeongjong. Incheon's Free Economic Zone, the first in Korea, was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003 and it is planing to 2020.

## Other websites

- Incheon Metropolitan City homepage
- Incheon International Airport
Bismuth fluoride

**Bismuth fluoride** can mean either of these chemical compounds:

- Bismuth(III) fluoride, pale yellow solid, weak oxidizing agent
- Bismuth(V) fluoride, colorless solid, powerful oxidizing agent
Bismuth(III) oxychloride

**Bismuth(III) oxychloride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BiOCl. It has bismuth, oxide, and chloride ions in it. The bismuth is in its +3 oxidation state.

## Properties

Bismuth(III) oxychloride is a whitish solid. It is a weak oxidizing agent. It is somewhat shiny. It does not dissolve in water. It makes a very complicated molecule when it is heated.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting bismuth(III) chloride with water.

## Uses

It is used in cosmetics as a pearlescent coating.

## Related pages

- Bismuth(V) fluoride
- Bismuth(III) fluoride
Don Poile

**Donald Bruce Poile** (June 1, 1932 - February 23, 2024 in Fort William, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 66 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings. In addition to his time in the NHL, Poile had a successful minor league career with the Edmonton Flyers of the Western Hockey League. His brother Bud Poile is in the Hall of Famer.

Poile died on February 23, 2024.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 165
- **played for**: Detroit Red Wings
- **birth place**: Fort William, Ontario, Fort William, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- **career start**: 1952
- **career end**: 1962
Red Spooner

**Andrew George 'Red' Spooner** (August 24, 1910 — May 7, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played in one National Hockey League game for the Pittsburgh Pirates during the 1929–30 NHL season.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 8
- **weight lb**: 170
- **played for**: Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL), Pittsburgh Pirates
- **birth place**: Port Arthur, Ontario, Port Arthur, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1926
- **career end**: 1933
Egyptian Museum of Berlin

The **Egyptian Museum of Berlin** () is home to one of the world's most important collections of Ancient Egyptian artifacts.
The collection is part of the Neues Museum.
Bismuth(III) sulfide

**Bismuth(III) sulfide**, also known as **bismuth sulfide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>. It has bismuth and sulfide ions in it. The bismuth is in its +3 oxidation state.

## Properties and preparation

Bismuth(III) sulfide is a brown solid. It does not dissolve in water. It is made by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a bismuth compound like bismuth(III) chloride.

## Occurrence

It is found as the mineral **bismuthinite**. Bismuthinite is lead-gray to tin-white, with an iridescent tarnish. It is an important ore of bismuth. It has a metallic color. It was first found in Bolivia. Its specific gravity is around 6.8.

## Related pages

- Bismuth(III) oxide
- Bismuth(V) oxide
- Bismuth(III) bromide
Ephedra sinica

***Ephedra sinica***, known in Chinese as **ma huang** (), is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Hay fever and congestion are treated using this plant. Chemicals that come from this plant, mimic other chemicals inside the sympathetic nervous system, similar to amphetamine. They are often used for weight loss, but the U.S. FDA banned its use as a dietary supplement on April 2004.
Bismuthate

**Bismuthate** is an ion. Its chemical formula is BiO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. It has bismuth in its +5 oxidation state. It is a very strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hot water to make bismuth(III) oxide and oxygen. It also reacts with acids. Sodium bismuthate is the most common bismuthate. It is one of the few sodium compounds that does not dissolve in water.

## Related pages

- Bismuth(III) chloride
- Bismuth(V) fluoride, the other bismuth compound in its +5 oxidation state
Sodium bismuthate

**Sodium bismuthate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaBiO<sub>3</sub>. It has sodium and bismuthate ions in it.

## Properties

Sodium bismuthate is a light brown solid. It does not dissolve in water. It is one of the only sodium compounds that do not dissolve in water. It reacts with hot water to make sodium hydroxide, bismuth(III) oxide, and oxygen gas. It reacts with acids to make bismuth(III) salts, sodium salts, and oxygen gas. It is a strong oxidizing agent.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting a basic solution of bismuth(III) oxide and sodium hydroxide with a strong oxidizing agent.

## Uses

Sodium bismuthate is used in a test for manganese.

## Related pages

- Bismuth(V) oxide
- Bismuth(V) fluoride
- Bismuth(III) bromide
Kim Won-bong

**Kim Won-bong** (, 1898 – 1958) was a Korean independence activist, and politician. His nickname was 'Yaksan' ().

## Life

1940 Provisional interim parliament of Republic of Korea, February 1944, Provisional Government of Republic of Korea Defence Minister.

## References

- Daum article (Korean)

## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Kim Wonbong
- **mr**: Kim Wŏnpong
- **hangulho**: 약산
- **hanjaho**: 若山
- **rrho**: Yaksan
- **mrho**: Yaksan
- **child**: yes


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kim Won-Bong
- **image**: Kim Won-bong 1.jpg
- **office**: Ministry of State Control (North Korea), Minister of State Control
- **premier**: Kim Il Sung
- **predecessor**: Post established
- **successor**: Choe Chang-ik
- **party**: Workers' Party of Korea
- **convocation**: 1st Cabinet of North Korea
- **birth date**: c. 1898
- **birth place**: Miryang, South Gyeongsang Province, Korean Empire
<small>(now Miryang, South Korea)</small>
- **death date**: c. 1958
- **death place**: North Korea
- **spouse**: Park Cha-jeong
Choi Dong-Seon
- **children**: Kim Cheol-Geon
Kim Joong-Geon
Kim Hak-Bong
- **occupation**: Politician, military general
- **branch**: Korean Liberation Army
- **serviceyears**: 1941–1945
- **rank**: General
- **battles**: World War II
Joe Szura

**Joseph Boleslaw Szura** (December 18, 1938 – October 13, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 90 games in the National Hockey League for the California Golden Seals and 115 games in the World Hockey Association for the Los Angeles Sharks and Houston Aeros. Szura was born in Fort William, Ontario.

## Other websites

- Notice of death
Billy Bell

**William Edward Bell** (June 10, 1891 – June 3, 1952) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played four seasons in the National Hockey Association and six in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Wanderers, Montreal Canadiens and Ottawa Senators. He won the Stanley Cup in 1924 with the Canadiens.

## Career statistics

|ALIGN="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||ALIGN="center" rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||ALIGN="center" colspan="5"|Regular season|ALIGN="center" rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||ALIGN="center" colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1917–18|Montreal Wanderers|NHL|2|1|0|1|0||||||
|1917–18|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|6|0|0|0|3||||||
|1918–19|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|1|0|0|0|0||||||
|1920–21|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|4|0|0|0|0||||||
|1921–22|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|6|1|0|1|0||||||
|1921–22|Ottawa Senators|NHL|17|1|1|2|4||||||
|1922–23|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|15|0|0|0|0||||||
|1923–24|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|10|0|0|0|0||||||

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Billy Bell
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 180
- **birth place**: Lachine, Quebec, Lachine, Quebec, Canada
- **career start**: 1914
- **career end**: 1924
- **image**: Billy Bell (1917).jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Montreal Wanderers
Montreal Canadiens
Ottawa Senators (original), Ottawa Senators
Chondrostei

The **Chondrostei** are a sub-class of ray-finned fish, the Actinopterygii. They include the sturgeons, huge fish which provide caviar.

The Chondrostei are mainly cartilaginous fish with some ossification. There are 52 species divided among two orders. The orders are the Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefishes), and the Polypteriformes (reedfishes and bichirs).

This group has at times been classified with the sharks: the similarities are obvious, not only do the chondrosteans mostly lack bone, the structure of the jaw is more akin to that of sharks than other bony fish. Both lack scales (except the Polypteriforms). Additional shared features include spiracles and, in sturgeons, a heterocercal tail (the vertebrae extend into the larger lobe of the caudal fin). However the fossil record suggests that these fish have more in common with the Teleostei than their external appearance might suggest.

These are the following taxa grouped together:

- **Subclass** **Chondrostei**
    - Genus †_Eochondrosteus_
    - Order †Chondrosteiformes
        - Family †Chondrosteidae
    - Order Acipenseriformes
        - Family †Peipiaosteidae
        - Suborder **Acipenseroidei**
            - Family Acipenseridae (sturgeons)
            - Family Polyodontidae (bichirs, reedfish)

- Disputed:
    - Genus †_Birgeria_
    - Family †Coccolepididae
    - Order †Saurichthyiformes
    - Order †Ptycholepiformes

## Evolution

It is thought that the ancestors of the chondrosteans were bony fish but that this characteristic was lost in later evolutionary development, resulting in a lightening of the frame. Elderly chondrosteans show beginnings of ossification of the skeleton which suggests that this process is delayed rather than lost in these fish.

In the early Mesozoic, a number of fish families were beginning to develop adaptations which would make them lighter, faster and more efficient predators. Chondrosteans took a radical approach. Cartilage is lighter than bone, and they delayed the development of bone, so that it only developed in elderly fish. They lost the upper jaw bones completely. Other changes allowed them to shoot the jaw forwards to grab prey.

Why did Chondrosteans react with such total reorganization? Obviously selection pressure must have been very strong. However, in one way they were almost unique. Rarely amongst animals, they underwent polyploidy, several times. Instead of two sets of chromosomes (diploid), the Chondrosteans have 8 or 16 sets of chromosomes. Such a dramatic genetic change may have given the potential for a rapid, drastic reorganization of the body plan.

### Paraphyly

The Chondrostei are paraphyletic. The group does not contain all of its descendants. Therefore, it is going to be reorganized.
Don Meredith

**"Dandy Don" Meredith** (April 10, 1938 - December 5, 2010) was an American football player. He was born in Mount Vernon, Texas (about 100 miles east of Dallas. He died in Santa Fe, New Mexico from a brain hemorrhage. He was 72 years old. Meredith was a quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys from 1960 to 1968. In 1970 he became a television broadcaster when he joined the Monday Night Football crew.

## Football career

Meredith studied at Southern Methodist University (SMU). He played quarterback for SMU for three years. He was selected as an All-America in 1958 and 1959. In 1960, he was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round. He was then traded to the Dallas Cowboys for future draft picks. In 1960, the Cowboys were a newly formed _expansion_ team.

Meredith played quarterback for the Cowboys from 1960 to 1968. In 1965, he became the starting quarterback. In 1966, he led the Cowboys to their first winning season, with a record of ten wins, three losses, and one tie. He threw a career-high 2,805 yards and 24 touchdown passes. He was named NFL Player of the Year and selected to the Pro Bowl. He led the Cowboys to three division titles. He played in the 1966 and 1967 NFL Championship games.

"Dandy Don" announced his retirement in 1969, the same day that Roger Staubach was released from the Navy. Staubach then replaced Meredith as the quarterback. Meredith was 31 years old and in the prime of his career.

Meredith was inducted to Cowboys _Ring of Honor_ in 1976. He and Don Perkins were the second and third players added to the ring.

## Television

Don Meredith was one of the first athletes to move into television broadcasting as a color commentator. He joined Keith Jackson and Howard Cosell at Monday Night Football (MNF) in 1970. In 1973, he left MNF to join NBC for three years. In 1977, he returned to MNF until his retirement in 1984. He also appeared in a number of TV shows and movies, including _Police Story_ and commercials for Lipton Ice Tea.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **image**: Don meredith cowboys.jpg
- **caption**: Meredith with the Dallas Cowboys
- **position**: Quarterback
- **number**: 17
- **birth place**: Mount Vernon, Texas
- **death place**: Santa Fe, New Mexico
- **draftyear**: 1960
- **draftround**: 3
- **draftpick**: 32
- **afldraftyear**: 1960
- **afldraftround**: 1
- **afldraftpick**: territorial
- **high school**: Mount Vernon High School (Texas), Mount Vernon (TX)
- **college**: SMU Mustangs football, SMU
- **teams**: * Dallas Cowboys (1960 NFL season, 1960–1968 NFL season, 1968)
- **highlights**: * 3× Pro Bowl (1967 Pro Bowl, 1966–1969 Pro Bowl, 1968)
* Second-team All-Pro (1966 All-Pro Team, 1966)
* Bert Bell Award (1966)
* Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor
- **statlabel1**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue1**: 135–111
- **statlabel2**: Passing yards
- **statvalue2**: 17,199
- **statlabel3**: Passer rating
- **statvalue3**: 74.8
- **nfl**: MER148315
- **collegehof**: 1766
Ron Talakoski

**Ronald Paul Isaac Talakoski** (June 1, 1962 – July 6, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played nine games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers between 1986 and 1988.

Talakoski spent four years at the University of Manitoba. In October, 1986 he signed as a free agent with the New York Rangers and played three games for the club that season. The rest of his rookie year was spent in the American Hockey League (AHL) and the International Hockey League (IHL). In 1987-88 he played a six games for the Rangers then scored 24 goals for the IHL's Colorado Rangers before retiring. Talakoski also served as a firefighter in Thunder Bay, Ontario for 18 years. Talakoski was found dead by Thunder Bay Fire and Rescue Services after a short search near Pier 3 in Thunder Bay, after having been reported missing from his residence. He is reported to have suffered from Shy-Drager syndrome.
Lifeboat (shipboard)

A **lifeboat**, also known as a **liferaft**, is a small, stiff or inflatable boat carried for emergencies in the event of a disaster on a ship. Lifeboats are required by law to be on larger ships.

When steamships became commonplace in the 19th century, so did lifeboats. At the beginning of the 20th century larger ships meant that more people could travel, but rules about lifeboats were often overlooked. After the RMS Titanic sank on April 15, 1912, people realized that bigger ships need more lifeboats. The Titanic's lifeboats were only capable of carrying 1,178 people, even though the Titanic could carry as much as 3,320 people.

Because many lifeboats were needed on the decks of passenger ships this led to the use of most of the deck space being used for lifeboats which created the problem of narrow passageways. This was fixed by using inflatable boats.
Bismuth(III) iodide

**Bismuth(III) iodide**, also known as **bismuth triiodide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is BiI<sub>3</sub>. It has bismuth and iodide ions in it. The bismuth is in its +3 oxidation state.

## Properties

Bismuth(III) iodide is a dark gray solid. It is sometimes pale yellow, though. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with other iodides to make iodobismuth(III) ions, BiI<sub>5</sub><sup>2-</sup>.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting bismuth powder with iodine. It is also made by reacting bismuth(III) oxide with hydroiodic acid. It can also be made by reacting bismuth(III) chloride with any iodide such as potassium iodide.

## Uses

It was used in a test for bismuth ions. Bismuth ions form a dark gray precipitate when reacted with potassium iodide because bismuth(III) iodide was made.

## Related pages

- Bismuth(III) bromide
- Bismuth(V) fluoride
- Sodium bismuthate
- Zinc iodide
Bismuth(III) oxide

**Bismuth(III) oxide**, also known as **bismite** and **bismuth trioxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It has bismuth and oxide ions in it. The bismuth is in its +3 oxidation state.

## Properties

Bismuth(III) oxide is a pale yellow solid. It does not dissolve in water. It dissolves in acids to make other bismuth(III) salts. When it is electrolyzed, it makes a bright red solid, bismuth(V) oxide. It has several different crystal structures that have been studied. It reacts with rare earth metal oxides and the products are being studied.

## Occurrence

**Bismite** is the mineral form of bismuth(III) oxide. It is an ore of bismuth. Its Mohs hardness is 4.5 to 5 and its specific gravity is quite high, around 8 or 9. It is made when bismuthinite is oxidized. It was first found in Nevada in 1868.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting sodium hydroxide with a bismuth(III) salt such as bismuth(III) chloride. It can also be made by igniting powdered bismuth metal. Another way of making it is to react bismuth nitrate (made by dissolving bismuth in nitric acid) with concentrated sodium hydroxide.

## Uses

Bismuth(III) oxide is used in pyrotechnics to make fireworks that burn with an effect called "dragon's eggs". Lead(II,IV) oxide was used for this in the past, but now is considered too toxic to use. It is also used in research and the making of other bismuth compounds.

## Related pages

- Bismuth compounds
Pharmacoepidemiology

**Pharmacoepidemiology** studies the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people. It assesses good and bad effects, and risks for humans while using a particular drug.

Pharmacoepidemiology bridges pharmacology and epidemiology and borrows methodology from both of them. It uses **descriptive** epidemiological method by describing exposure to a drug and by calculating rates, e.g., incidence and prevalence. This produces a hypothesis about the drug, but does not test it. Pharmacoepidemiology also uses **analytic** epidemiological method by means of observation (case-control and cohort studies) and clinical trial<nowiki/>s. The analytic study compares an exposed group with a control group and tests the hypothesis.

Pharmacoepidemiology provides **pharmacovigilance.**  That  is  continual monitoring of unwanted effects and other safety-related aspects of drugs.  Pharmacovigilance is conducted by reporting systems through health care professionals who report adverse drug reactions to the central agency. The central agency combines reports from many sources to produce a more informative profile for drug products.
Tufa

**Tufa** is a porous variety of limestone. It is formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from water at normal temperatures.

Geothermally heated hot springs sometimes produce similar (but less porous) carbonate deposits known as travertine.

Do not confuse with the rock made of volcanic ash, which is called tuff.
Renault Espace

The **Renault Espace** is an MPV produced by Renault since 1984. It is available with up to seven seats and with 4- and 6-cylinder petrol and diesel engines. The Espace was Europes first MPV and debuted shortly after the Dodge Caravan in the US. The first generation was made from 1984 to 1991. The second generation was made between 1991 and 1996. The third generation was made from 1996 to 2002 and was the first to offer a bigger version called the Grand Espace. The fourth generation was the longest running model sold between 2002 and 2014 and received facelifts in 2006 and 2012. It is currently in its fifth generation launched in early 2015 but this version is not sold in the UK with right-hand drive. In 2023, Espace VI, a 7-seater Austral is due to take over.
Ian Curtis

**Ian Kevin Curtis** (15 July 1956 – 18 May 1980) was the singer of the post-punk band Joy Division. He was born in Stretford, Lancashire and grew up in Macclesfield, Cheshire. He suffered with epilepsy and committed suicide by hanging in Macclesfield in May 1980, aged 23, after the illness became severe. After this, Joy Division broke up. In 2007, a film about Curtis' life, named _Control_, was released. It made $8,159,508 and won five British Independent Film Awards.
Carrying capacity

In ecology, the **carrying capacity** of an environment is the number of organisms of a particular species that can live there depending on the amount of resources it has. If too many organisms live in an environment, it is called overpopulation.

The carrying capacity of an environment can change, and humans can have an effect on the carrying capacity. For example, agriculture and irrigation allow feeding more people; meaning the human carrying capacity is increased.

Some things that can change an environment's carrying capacity are pollution and the use of natural resources.

## Related pages

- Population
Gordon Freeman

**Gordon Freeman** is the main hero of the _Half-Life_ video game series. He is a theoretical physicist from MIT. During the series, Gordon must win in hard situations, often without backup. To try to make the game more believable, the character never speaks, and there are no cut scenes, all action is seen as if the player was Gordon, with the player being in control of Gordon's actions at nearly all times.

The character is seen first as a theoretical physicist working at Black Mesa Research Facility and working in an experiment which accidentally opens an portal, releasing confused, harmful aliens into Black Mesa. In the first _Half-Life_, Gordon Freeman fights through the facility with other workers, fighting the aliens as well as a military unit sent in to stop the incident and silence any surviving witnesses. In the second game, _Half-Life 2_, Gordon is introduced to a military world years after the Black Mesa incident, along with a force known as the Combine that took over the world.

## Infobox (character)

- **name**: Gordon Freeman
- **series**: Half-Life (series), Half-Life
- **alt**: A Caucasian man in an armoured suit clutches a shotgun. The man has brown hair, a short beard and mustache, green eyes and thick black glasses. The suit is predominately orange with black trim, the Greek letter _Lambda_ emblazoned on the suit's chest.
- **first**: _Half-Life (video game), Half-Life_ (1998)
- **creator**: Gabe Newell
- **nationality**: American
Joe Tallari

**Joe Tallari** (born October 5, 1980 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player.

## Playing career

In 2001 Tallari began his career playing for Niagara University where he was team's senior captain. Tallari moved to the Hartford Wolf Pack, the farm team for the New York Rangers. He stayed for just one season before moving to the Johnstown Chiefs of the ECHL, where he again topped the 50 point mark.

Over the following three seasons, Tallari switched between teams in the ECHL and the AHL, spending time with the Cleveland Barons, the Bridgeport Sound Tigers (on two occasions) and the Las Vegas Wranglers.  He then moved to Europe, signing with the Manchester Phoenix in the summer of 2007 to play under Tony Hand.  Tallari finished the season as the EIHL's second highest goal scorer, with 55 goals and 38 assists in 59 games.  This performance won Tallari the 'Best Newcomer' award at the 2008 Man of Ice Awards and ensured his selection for the 2007-08 EIHL All-Star team.

In April 2008 it was announced that Tallari would leave Manchester to sign for the Hockey Club Pustertal-Val Pusteria in order to try and qualify for the Italian national team. On 07 May 2009 he left Hockey Club Pustertal-Val Pusteria and signed a contract with HC Eppan Pirats Internorm.

## Other websites

- Arrivederci Joe, Tallari Lands Italian Dream   EIHL Official Website, 11/04/08.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **position**: Forward (ice hockey), Forward
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 195
- **played for**: HC Eppan Pirates, HC Eppan Pirats Internorm
Bridgeport Sound Tigers
Cleveland Barons (2001–2006), Cleveland Barons
Hartford Wolf Pack
Wheeling Nailers
- **birth place**: Thunder Bay, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 2004
- **career end**: 2010
Aquificae

The phylum **Aquificae** is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, and thermal ocean vents. Members of the genus Aquifex, for example, are productive in water between 85 and 95 °C. They are the dominant members of most terrestrial neutral to alkaline hot springs above 60 degrees Celsius. They are autotrophs and are the primary carbon fixers in these environments. They are true bacteria (domain bacteria) as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea. They are gram negative.
Chloroflexi

**Chloroflexi** is one of four classes of bacteria that produce energy from light and are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies.

Chloroflexi are typically filamentous (they look like microscopic strings), and can move about through bacterial gliding. They are facultatively aerobic (they can survive with oxygen or without it), but do not produce oxygen in the process of producing energy from light, or phototrophy. Additionally Chloroflexi have a different method of phototrophy (photoheterotrophy) than true photosynthetic bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis (looking at DNA) indicates that they had a separate origin.
Masai Mara

**Masai Mara National Reserve**  is a National Park in Kenya, East Africa. It was established in 1948 as a wildlife sanctuary, and has been made larger since then.

Masai Mara is a game reserve type of park, meant to protect the animals on the savannah of the Serengeti. It is named after the Maasi people, who are the traditional people of the area. Big as it is, the Masai Mara National Reserve is only a fraction of the Greater Mara Ecosystem.

The Mara is effectively the northern continuation of the Serengeti National Park game reserve in Tanzania.

## The Great Migration

This natural event is famous for involving a great population of large mammals. Huge numbers of herbivores migrate each year, followed by the big cats. The Grant's zebras, Thomson's gazelle, Blue wildebeest, Common elands, African buffalos, Masai giraffes, african bush elephants, and larger white rhinoceros, or Black rhinoceros, and others arrive to eat fresh grass after the rain, and later move on. Lions, leopards, East African cheetahs, follow, and also vultures and Spotted hyenas. hippos and Nile crocodiles are in the rivers. It is called _The Great Migration_.

The Great Migration is one of the most impressive natural events worldwide. Taking part each year are some 1,300,000 Blue wildebeests, 500,000 Thomson's gazelles, 97,000 Topi, 18,000 eland, Thomson's gazelle, 400,000 and 200,000 Grant's zebras. These plant-eating migrants are followed along their annual, circular route by hungry predators, most notably hunting they killed lions leopards and spotted hyena.

More than 470 species of birds have been identified in the park, many of which are migrants. Almost 60 species are raptors (birds of prey). Birds that call this area home for at least part of the year include: vultures, marabou storks, secretary birds, hornbills, crowned cranes, ostriches, long-crested Eagles, African pygmy-falcons and the lilac-breasted roller, which is the national bird of Kenya
Ray Crawford

**Ray Crawford** (October 26, 1915 - February 1, 1996) was an American racecar driver.

Crawford was born in Roswell, New Mexico. He died in Los Angeles, California.  He drove in the American Automobile Association and United States Automobile Club Championship Car series, racing in the 1954-1959 seasons with 13 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in 1955-1956, and 1959.  He finished in the top ten 6 times.
Baryon

**Baryons** are composite subatomic particles made of an odd number of valence quarks (at least three quarks). The most familiar baryons are the protons and neutrons which make up most of the visible matter in the universe. Electrons (the other major component of the atom) are leptons.

Since all quarks have a spin of 1/2, all baryons have a spin of 1/2 or 3/2 (the spins can cancel out). 1/2 spin baryons have the lowest energy state. 3/2 spin baryons are extremely unstable, and only live for 10<sup>-23</sup> seconds. After that, they jump down to a lower energy state by releasing photons containing energy. These 3/2 spin baryons are known as higher energy resonances.

All particles with 1/2 spin (or 3/2 spin) are called fermions, and obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. This means that no two fermions can be in the same point in space at the same time. This is not true for the other type of subatomic particle, called a boson. More than one boson—like a photon—can exist in the same point in space at the same time.

Baryons are one of two types of hadrons, which are particles made of quarks. The other type of hadron is called a meson.

The name **baryon** comes from Greek "barys," meaning heavy.
Upper Triassic

The **Upper Triassic** is the last epoch in the Triassic period. It began 237 million years ago and ended 201.3 million years ago. It happened after the Middle Triassic epoch and before the Lower Jurassic epoch.

Many early dinosaur species appeared for the first time during the Upper Triassic such as _Plateosaurus_, _Coelophysis_, and _Eoraptor_. The discovery of _Herrerasaurus_ makes it quite clear that the dinosaurs were taking hold of the land environments.

Pterosaurs were common in the air, and ichthyosaurs dominated the seas.

At the end of the Upper Triassic, some event or events caused the extinction of many animal species worldwide during the end–Triassic extinction event. It was similar to the more famous event that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. No one knows for sure what caused the event.

## Carnian Pluvial Event

Although the Triassic period was, in general, a dry period with the inland areas often being deserts, the Upper Triassic epoch saw a big change.

The Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) was a major global climate change and biotic turnover with many extinctions. It was early in the Upper Triassic, about 230 million years ago. Shifts in carbon and oxygen isotopes suggest a global warming.

Major changes in organisms responsible for calcium carbonate production occurred during the CPE. Carbonate sedimentation stopped in deep water settings of Southern Italy.

High extinction rates occurred among ammonoids, conodonts, bryozoa and crinoids. Major evolutionary innovations followed the CPE. The dinosaurs became established (dominant). In the seas there were calcareous nanofossils and scleractinian corals.
Amoebiasis

**Amoebiasis**, also known as **amebiasis** or **entamoebiasis**, is an  intestinal infection caused by  amoebas of the _Entamoeba_ group. The infection is usually caused by _Entamoeba histolytica_. The infection is normally got when someone drinks water with the parasite in it.

In some cases, the parasite lives in a person's large intestine and does not cause any symptoms. Symptoms vary from serious to none at all. There may be abdominal pain, mild diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea or severe colitis with tissue death and perforation. This last complication may cause peritonitis. People affected may develop anaemia due to loss of blood.

Amoebiasis is usually transmitted by water contaminated with faeces. It can also be got indirectly by contact with dirty hands or objects.

Infection is spread by ingesting the cyst form of the parasite. This tough and semi-dormant structure is found in faeces. Since amoebiasis is transmitted by contaminated food and water, it is often endemic in parts of the world with poor sanitation (such as México, Central America, western South America, South Asia, and western and southern Africa).

Amoebic dysentery is often confused with "traveller's diarrhoea" because of its prevalence in developing nations. In fact, most traveller's diarrhoea is bacterial or viral in origin.

_E. histolytica_ infections occur in both the intestine and (in people with symptoms) in tissue of the intestine and/or liver. So, two different classes of drugs are needed to treat the infection, one for each location. Such anti-amoebic drugs are known as _amoebicides_.
Aga Khan II

**Aga Khan II** (; ) the formal name for **Aqa Ali Shah** (. He was born in 1830 in Mahallat, Iran and died in August 1885 in Pune, India). He was a Muslim leader. He was the 47th Imam of a religious group called Nizari Ismaili Muslims. He became the Imam in 1881. He was a member of the Iranian royal family. He worked to improve his own community and the Muslim community in India. He really enjoyed sports and hunting.

## Early life

Aqa Ali Shah was the oldest son of Aga Khan I. He was an Iranian Prince. He was also a descendent of the Prophet Muhammad. The Prophet's daughter Fatima and son-in-law Ali b. Abi Talib were Aqa Ali Shah's ancestors. He lived in Iraq, Persia, and India during his childhood.

## The Ismaili Imamat

Aqa Ali Shah became Imam of the Ismailis when his father died in 1881,. He also got his father's title of Aga Khan. Aga Khan II continued a good relationship with the British.

He opened several schools for his followers in Bombay and other places.

When he died in 1885, his 7-year-old son became Imam, Aga Khan III.

## Sports and hobbies

The first Aga Khan owned some of the best Arabian horses in the world. Aqa Ali Shah kept these horses too. He was good at riding them. He liked other sports and hunting very much. He was famous for hunting tigers in India. Sometimes he chased tigers on foot. He was so good at shooting guns that he killed at least forty tigers that way.
Steve Berry (novelist)

**Steve Berry** (born in 1955) is an American author, professor and former attorney currently living in St. Augustine, Florida.

Steve Berry first appeared in print with his historical books _The Amber Room_ and _The Romanov Prophecy_ in 2003 and 2004. Berry had been writing since 1990, and it took him 12 years and 85 rejections (over five different editions) to finally sell a manuscript to Ballantine Books. Berry credits the nuns who taught him in Catholic school about how to write novels and contact publishers.

Today, Berry has nearly 11 million books in print, which have been translated into 37 languages and sold in 50 countries. Berry focuses his time on writing or planning new novels, teaching writing to people all over the world, golfing or spending time on the beach.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Steve Berry
- **image**: Steve Berry.jpg
- **caption**: Steve Berry
- **birth date**: 1955
- **occupation**: Lawyer, Attorney, Author
- **language**: English language, English
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **education**: Juris Doctor, Juris Doctor (J.D.)
- **alma mater**: Walter F. George School of Law
- **period**: 2003 - Current
- **genre**: Thriller (genre), Thriller, International Suspense
Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna

***Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna*** (Sometimes called ***Anastasia: The Story of Anna***) is a 1986 Golden Globe and Emmy Award-winning TV movie, starring Amy Irving, Olivia de Havilland, Omar Sharif and Christian Bale. The movie was loosely based on the story of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia and the novel _The Riddle of Anna Anderson_ by Peter Kurth. It was Christian Bale's first movie and was originally broadcast in two parts.

## Plot

The movie is about Anna Anderson, who believes that she is Anastasia, daughter of Nicholas II of Russia. Anna first tells her story in the 1920s when she is at a Berlin psychiatric hospital. Her story of escape from the Bolsheviks who killed the rest of her family in 1918 seems so vivid that many Russians believe her. She slowly gains more trust, but the Romanov family does not believe her. The movie never reveals if Anna really is Anastasia.

## Awards

|Year|Award|Category|Person|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="9"|1987||||
|Best Casting for TV Miniseries'|Lynn Kressel|Nominated|||
|Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Miniseries or a Special (Dramatic Underscore)|Laurence Rosenthal|**Won**|||
|Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special|Jane Robinson (costume designer)|**Won**|||
|Outstanding Miniseries|Michael Lepiner Kenneth Kaufman Graham Cottle Marvin J. Chomsky|Nominated|||
|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special|Olivia de Havilland|Nominated|||
|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV|Olivia de Havilland|**Won**|||
|Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV|Jan Niklas|**Won**|||
|Best Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV||Nominated|||
|Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV|Amy Irving|Nominated|||
Felix Yusupov

**Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston** (; March 23, 1887, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – September 27, 1967, Paris, France), was best known for murdering Grigori Rasputin. Rasputin was the faith healer who was said to have influenced Tsar Nicholas II and Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna in their decisions. Felix Yusupov was never punished for this murder.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Prince Felix Yusupov
- **house**: House of Yusupov (noble family)
- **father**: Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov-Elston
- **mother**: Princess Zenaida Nikolaievna Yusupova
- **image**: Felix_Yusupov.jpg
- **spouse**: Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia
- **issue**: Princess Irina Felixovna Yusupova
Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory

The **Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory** (AFDIL) is a laboratory in America that studies DNA. It is run by the United States Armed Forces.

AFDIL usually uses fingerprints from ID card records.
Hallux valgus

A **hallux valgus**, also called **bunion**, is when the bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe becomes larger. The big toe (hallux) may turn in toward the second toe, and the tissues around it can become swollen and red.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Bunion
- **image**: Hallux Valgus-Aspect pré op décharge.JPG
- **width**: 250
- **diseasesdb**: 5604
- **emedicinesubj**: orthoped
- **emedicinetopic**: 467
- **meshid**: D006215
Aquificaceae

The family **Aquificaceae** are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings such as hot springs, sulfur pools, and hydrothermal vents. Although they are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea.
Hydrogenothermaceae

The family **Hydrogenothemaceae** are bacteria that live in environments not good for humans. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, thermal ocean vents. They are the only bacteria that live there (things like the Archaea are not bacteria).
Gulzar

**Sampooran Singh Kalra**, known as **Gulzar** (born 18 August 1936) is a songwriter, poet and movie director from India. He has written songs for many Hindi movies.

Gulzar co-wrote the song "Jai Ho" for the movie _Slumdog Millionaire_. The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.
Vishal Bhardwaj

**Vishal Bhardwaj** (born 4 August 1965) is an Indian Hindi movie director. He has also composed music for many Hindi movies.

## Personal life

Bhardwaj was born on 4 August 1965, in Chandpur city in District Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh. His mother Satya Bhardwaj was a homemaker, and his father Ram Bhardwaj was a sugarcane inspector. His father also wrote poetry and lyrics for Hindi films. He and his family lived in Najibabad until he completed class five in school. They later moved to Meerut, where he played cricket for the state's under-19 team. His thumb broke during a practice session one day before an inter-university tournament, leaving him unable to play for the year. The same year, his father died, leaving him unable to continue his cricket career.
Turtle ship

The **turtle ship** was a type of warship built in Korea. It was used by the Koreans during the Japanese invasion of Korea in the 16th century. It was used to defeat the Japanese Navy. Because it looked like a turtle, it was called turtle ship.

### Outside

It has a dragon-shaped head, which can fire cannons through its mouth. Its tail can also fire artillery. Turtle ships have 12 cannons on each side. In total there are 24 cannons. As lots of iron nails are stuck in its back, nobody can approach it easily. Moreover, people who are in turtle ships can see the outside, while  people cannot look into it.

### Inside

Its inside is divided into two floors, one of which is the place where cannons are and the other is where people can row. There are twenty four rooms. Nineteen of them are where soldiers can take a rest. Three of them are where  weapons, such as swords, arrows and spears, are. In the other three rooms, iron goods can be stored. On the bottom, there is a huge water tank, which can make float and sink.

## Scale

At first, turtle ships were small warships which could hold about 100~150 soldiers. However, after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, it expanded from a two-storied warship to a three-storied one and the hull was longer.

### Offensive Disposition

It has several cannons from front to back and side to side, including a dragon-shaped head. Therefore, it take an important role in breaking through the enemy lines at the head of fleets. In addition, it is assumed that iron nails stuck in its back might hit and sink enemy ships with the water tank full.

### Defensive Disposition

Because it has iron nails and wooden boxes covered with swords in the back, it is distinguished in warding off attacks against enemies.

### Maneuverability

It has ten paddles in each side, and four rowers are arranged to one paddle. As its bottom is flat-shaped, it's really easy to maneuver in large tidal ranges, such as The West Sea and The South Sea of Korean Peninsula. It's also possible to do a half-turn in the middle of moving.

## References

- http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?gs=ws&gd=&cd=&d=&k=&inqr=&indme=&p=1&q=%B0%C5%BA%CF%BC%B1&masterno=7510&contentno=7510
- http://www.gbsun.com/index_151.htm
Foot-and-mouth disease

**Foot-and-mouth disease** (FMD) is one of the acute infectious diseases (highly contagious disease) of animals. Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes the disease which can infect domestic animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and deer. Generally, it is believed that FMD is not very contagious to humans. However, humans can spread FMD by carrying the virus on their clothes and body. FMD breaks out all over the globe, because it is highly contagious to many animals. The earliest description of FMD was that by Hieronymi Fracastorii (1546). He described the disease, as being unusual and affecting only cattle, when it occurred in northern Italy in 1514.

## Where FMD Occurs

While the disease is widespread around the world, North America, Central America, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, and many countries in Europe are considered free of FMD. Various types of FMD virus have been found in Africa, South America, Asia, and some parts of Europe.

## Symptoms

The most obvious signs of Foot and Mouth Disease are excessive slobbering (letting liquid fall from their mouth), a lack of appetite and lameness (unable to walk properly because of damage to one or both of their legs). Affected animals may experience a sudden rise in temperature, sores in the mouth or other areas.

## Signs of Foot and Mouth in cattle

- Slobbering and smacking lips
- Shivering
- Tender and sore feet
- Reduced milk yield
- Sores and blisters on feet
- Raised temperature

## Signs of Foot and Mouth in pigs

- Sudden lameness
- Prefers to lie down
- Sore on the upper edge of the hoof, where the skin and horn meet, and on the heels

## Causes

FMD is caused by a virus. Signs of illness can appear after an incubation period (the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear) of one to eight days, but often develop within three days. Immunity to one type does not protect an animal against other types.

## Other websites

- http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/BRMForProducers/English/FADs/FMD_checklist.pdf
- http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_foot_mouth_disease07.pdf
- http://www.fmdinfo.org/uDocs/pdfofbookforweb767.pdf
- http://www.fwi.co.uk/Articles/2007/09/12/105713/Foot-and-Mouth-Symptoms.htm
- http://www2.asg.wur.nl/UK/products/Vaccines_and.../FMD/FMDHistory/
- http://www.rmla.com/FMD.htm
- http://www.sunflower-health.com/fmd220803/fmdoutbreaks.htm