juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Memorial (society)

**Memorial** () was a Russian human rights organisation.

On 28 December 2021, the Supreme Court of Russia ordered the origanisation to close for violations of the foreign agent law. On 7 October 2022, Memorial Society was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Memorial
- **native name**: Мемориал
- **native name lang**: RUS
- **type**: Nonprofit organization, Non-profit
Non-governmental organization, NGO
- **purpose**: Human rights group
- **headquarters**: Moscow, Russia
- **awards**: Right Livelihood Award (2004), Nansen Refugee Award (2004), Hermann Kesten Prize (2008), Sakharov Prize (2009), Victor Gollancz Prize (2009), "Freedom of Expression Prize" Index on Censorship (2012), "The Guardian of National Memory" Award from Polish Institute of National Memory (2012)
- **key people**: Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989), Arseny Roginsky (1947–2017), Sergei Kovalev (1930–2021)
- **homepage**: [https://www.memo.ru/en-us/ Memorial International] (in English)
[http://memohrc.org/en Memorial Human Rights Centre] (in English)
Garry Chalk

**Garry Chalk** (born 1952) is a British-born Canadian actor. Chalk has lent his voice to over 30 animated television series and has been in films such as _The Fly II_, _Godzilla_ and _Freddy vs. Jason etc._

## Early Life

Chalk was born in Southampton, England and, at the age of 5 Chalk moved with his family to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

## Career

Since 1978 Chalk has been involved with professional theatre , and has performed at the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre Company (VPTC), the Arts Club Theatre Company (ACTC), The Vancouver Theatresports League and numerous theatres in British Columbia, Ontario and Alberta.

## Awards

- 2000–2001 Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: _Cold Squad_
- 2001–2002 Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: _Cold Squad_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Garry Chalk
- **image**: Garry Chalk 2013.jpg
Tunnel construction

**Tunnel construction** is an part of engineering which is about buliding tunnels. There are different ways to do this:
- If the tunnel is not deep underground, the simplest way to construct it is an **open put**. A hole is dug, and the walls at the side are built. At the end, the tunnel gets a roof.
- An alternative to this is to first bulid the walls and the roof, and then remove the material as needed. This is also known as **cut-and-cover**.
- Especially when building tunnels in mountains, or deeper underground there are special tunnel-boring machines. They bulid tunnel with a cicular cross-section.
Ezra Meeker

**Ezra Manning Meeker** (December 29, 1830 – December 3, 1928) was an American pioneer. He traveled the Oregon Trail by ox-drawn wagon as a young man, moving from Iowa to the Pacific Coast. Later in life he worked to remember the trail, rewalking the trail many times to recapture his childhood. Known as the "Hop King of the World," he was the first mayor of Puyallup, Washington.
House dust mite

**Dust mites** are very common and very small animals. They eat dust and live in people's homes. They cause allergies. Some people think dust mites are the same as bed bugs, but they are different. Even though dust mites are very small, some people can see them if they look closely enough. They are arachnids, like spiders, scorpions, and ticks.

### Diet

Dust mites eat flakes of skin from humans and other animals. They also eat some types of mold.

### Threats

Animals that eat dust mites include silverfish and pseudoscorpions.

### Where they are found

Dustmites are found around the world, but are more common in places that have more water in their air. In the united states, 84% of beds were found to have dust mites in them.
Dust mite allergy

**Dust mite allergy** is an allergy that is caused by the droppings of dust mites. It is common, and can cause asthma, eczema, or itching (though it may cause other things).

## Symptoms

Symptoms are:
- Sneezing
- A runny nose
- Itchy, red, or watery eyes
- A blocked nose
- An itchy nose, mouth, or throat
- Itchy skin
- Mucus dripping from your nose into your throat
- Cough
Nasal congestion

**Nasal congestion** or **stuffy nose** is when mucus or other fluid blocks the nose so that the person cannot breathe well.  This is usually because the membranes inside the nose have become larger because of inflammation in the blood vessels.
Post-nasal drip

**Postnasal drip** is when mucus drips from the nose into the throat.
Sinister Six

The **Sinister Six** are a group of Marvel Comics comic book characters. They appear in _Spider-Man_ comics and other comics. The Sinister Six are not always the exact same six characters, but they are always villains. The first Sinister Six were Vulture, Kraven the Hunter, Sandman, Doctor Octopus, Mysterio, and Electro. Doctor Octopus started the group because he wanted to kill Spider-Man.

## In other media

The team has been adapted into various forms of media, mainly in animated series and video games. A movie based on the team is in development as part of Sony's Spider-Man Universe.
Christian Gyan

**Christian Atta Gyan** (2 November 1978 – 29 December 2021) was a Ghanaian-Dutch professional footballer. He played as a defender. Gyan played for the Ghana national football team 23 times between 1998 until 2002.

Gyan was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer in November 2021. He died from the disease a month later on 29 December 2021 at the age of 43.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Christian Gyan
- **fullname**: Christian Atta Gyan
- **birth place**: Tema, Ghana
- **height**: 1.75 m
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: Gapoha
- **youthclubs2**: Feyenoord
- **years1**: 1997–2007
- **clubs1**: Feyenoord
- **caps1**: 193
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 1998
- **clubs2**: → SBV Excelsior, Excelsior (loan)
- **caps2**: 16
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2006–2007
- **clubs3**: → SBV Excelsior, Excelsior (loan)
- **caps3**: 16
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2008–2009
- **clubs4**: Turun Palloseura, TPS
- **caps4**: 116
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2009
- **clubs5**: Wrexham A.F.C., Wrexham
- **caps5**: 40
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2010
- **clubs6**: RoPS
- **caps6**: 0
- **goals6**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 280
- **totalgoals**: 3
- **nationalyears1**: 1998–2002
- **nationalteam1**: Ghana national football team, Ghana
- **nationalcaps1**: 23
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Ahmed Daham

**Ahmed Daham Karim** (12 October 1967 – 29 December 2021) was an Iraqi football midfielder. He played for the Iraq national football team from 1987 until 1996. He also played for Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and last coached Al-Ramadi FC. His managing career lasted from 2015 until his death.

Daham died from a heart attack in Ramadi, Iraq on 29 December 2021, at the age of 54.
Ramadi

**Ramadi** ( _Ar-Ramādī_; also formerly rendered as _Rumadiyah_ or _Rumadiya_) is a city in central Iraq, about  west of Baghdad and  west of Fallujah.

The area has previously been a war center between ISIL and the Iraqi government. It was heavily damaged during the Iraq War, when it was a major focus for the insurgency against occupying United States forces. Following the withdrawal of US forces from Iraq in 2011, the city was contested in late 2013 by the Iraqi government and the extremist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and eventually fell to ISIL in May 2015. On 28 December 2015, the Iraqi government declared, confirming media testimonies, that it had re-taken Ramadi, that government's first major military victory since its loss. However, Ramadi was highly damaged afterwards, with some estimates as high as 90% of the city being destroyed during the fighting. It has since seen large reconstruction and mostly been rebuilt from the ruins of war.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ramadi
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Iraq, City
- **image skyline**: Ramadi Aerial Picture - April 2008.jpeg
- **pushpin map**: Iraq
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Iraq
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Iraq, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Al Anbar Governorate
- **established date3**: 1879
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ibrahim al-Aousej
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation m**: 50
- **population total**: 223,500
- **population as of**: 2018
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 31001
- **timezone**: GMT+3
- **utc offset**: +3
Fallujah

**Fallujah** (, __  <small>Iraqi pronunciation:</small> <span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is a city in the Iraqi province of Al Anbar. It is  west of Baghdad.

The city was a small town in 1947. About 275,100 people lived here in 2011. It is known as the "city of mosques" for the more than 200 mosques found in the city and the surrounding villages.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fallujah
- **native name**: ٱلْفَلُّوجَة
- **native name lang**: ar
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Iraq, City
- **image skyline**: الفلوجة.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Iraq
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Iraq
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iraq
- **subdivision type1**: Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Al Anbar Governorate, Al Anbar
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Iraq, District
- **subdivision name2**: Fallujah District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Issa Saer al-Assawi
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 275,128
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: GMT+3
- **utc offset**: +3
- **elevation m**: 43
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 31002
Baby's Day Out

***Baby's Day Out*** is a 1994 American adventure comedy movie directed by Patrick Read Johnson and written by John Hughes, who also produced the film. It stars Joe Mantegna, Lara Flynn Boyle, Joe Pantoliano, and Brian Haley.

## Plot

Posing as children's photographers, three crooks named Edgar Mausey, Victor Riley, and Norbert LeBlaw scheme their way into a mansion to kidnap an infant named Bink. Their hostage proves quite resourceful, however, escaping their hideout and making his way into downtown Chicago. Now the con men have to find their abductee, who believes that in order to return home he must reenact scenes from his favorite storybook, including trips to the zoo and a construction site.

## Cast

- Adam Robert Worton and Jacob Joseph Worton as Bennington Austin "Bink" Cotwell IV
    - Verne Troyer as Bink's stunt double
- Joe Mantegna as Edgar "Eddie" Mauser
- Brian Haley as Victor "Veeko" Riley
- Joe Pantoliano as Norbert "Norby" LeBlaw
- Lara Flynn Boyle as Laraine Cotwell, Bink's mom
- Matthew Glave as Bennington Austin "Bing" Cotwell III, Bink's dad
- Cynthia Nixon as Gilbertine
- Fred Thompson as FBI Agent Dale Grissom
- John Neville as Mr. Andrews
- Robin Baber as Fat Lady
- Trevor Dalton as Norm
- Eddie Bracken as Old Soldier
- Dawn Maxey as Teenage Employee
- Anna Thomson as Mrs. McCray
- John Alexander as Gorilla
- Neil Flynn as Cop in the park
Awsha bint Khalifa Al Suwaidi

**Awsha bint Khalifa Al Suwaidi** (1920 - 27 July 2018), was a pioneer Emirati poet. She was nicknamed _Girl of the Gulf_. She was born in the Muwaiji area in the city of Al Ain. She lived in Dubai. She retired from poetry in the late nineties and continued to narrate her poems in praise of Mohamad. She was the sister of politician Ahmed Bin Khalifa Al Suwaidi

Her poems were published in many newspapers, magazines, and audiobooks. Her work was collected in _Arab Girl Diwan_ in 1990.
Investment Corporation of Dubai

**Investment Corporation of Dubai**  (ICD) is a Dubai-based government company established in May 2006. Its purpose is to merge and contain the commercial institutions and investment companies of Dubai. The company consists of a group of fully or partially owned government companies. There are many investments in the field of energy, transportation, real estate, industry and mining

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Investment Corporation of Dubai
- **type**: Government Agency
- **traded as**: Investment Corporation of Dubai
- **industry**: Investment Management
- **founded**: May 3, 2006
- **hq location city**: Dubai
- **hq location country**: UAE
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum (Crown Prince of Dubai and Chairman)
- **revenue**: AED 228 billion
- **revenue year**: 2019
- **assets**: AED 1,121 billion
- **assets year**: 2019
Mashreq (bank)

**Mashreqbank PSC** (Arabic:  _Orient Bank_), a bank in the United Arab Emirates. It is the oldest privately owned bank in that country. The bank was established in 1967 as **Bank of Oman**. This was before the formation of the UAE. It was the first bank in the UAE to install ATM cash machines, the first to issue debit and credit cards and the first to offer consumer loans.

Mashreq Bank offers Islamic banking services, including deposits, loans and credit cards, corporate finance and investment and conventional and Islamic asset management services.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Mashreqbank PSC
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **foundation**: 1986
- **location**: Dubai
- **key people**: Abdulla Al Ghurair (Chairman)
 Ahmed Abdelaal (CEO)
- **industry**: Financial services
- **locations**: 45 domestic branches
20 international branches <small>(2013)</small>
- **num employees**: 4,000
- **services**: Retail banking
Asset management
Investment banking
- **revenue**: $2.21 billion (2015)
- **subsid**: See #Subsidiaries and Associates, this list
Greifenberg

**Greifenberg** is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

## Other websites

- Webpage of the local Shooting Club "Schmied von Kochel" http://www.sg-schmiedvonkochel.de

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Greifenberg COA 2.svg
- **image photo**: Rathaus Greifenberg.jpg
- **image caption**: Town hall
- **image plan**: Greifenberg in LL.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Landsberg
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Schondorf
- **elevation**: 580
- **area**: 8.21
- **postal code**: 86926
- **area code**: 08192
- **licence**: LL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 81 123
- **divisions**: 4 Quarter (country subdivision), Quarters
- **website**: [http://www.greifenberg.info www.greifenberg.info]
- **mayor**: Patricia Müller
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Hofstetten, Bavaria

**Hofstetten** is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. It has 1759 residents.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Hofstetten
- **image coa**: DEU Hofstetten (Oberbayern) COA.svg
- **image photo**: Hofstetten, LL v S.JPG
- **image caption**: View towards the village
- **image plan**: Hofstetten in LL.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Landsberg am Lech
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Pürgen
- **elevation**: 676
- **area**: 17.02
- **postal code**: 86928
- **area code**: 08196
- **licence**: LL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 81 124
- **divisions**: 2 Ortsteile
- **mayor**: Ulrike Högenauer
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Hurlach

**Hurlach** is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

## Other websites

- European Holocaust Memorial - a monument ensemble against racism and totalitarianism at the place of the crime - under the executive management of the Citizens´Association European Holocaust Memorial Foundation
- The Holocaust in the Landsberg area- Citizens´ Association "Landsberg in the 20th Century" (English)

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Hurlach COA.svg
- **image photo**: Hurlach St. Laurentius 233.jpg
- **image caption**: Church of Saint Lawrence
- **image plan**: Hurlach in LL.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Landsberg am Lech
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Igling
- **elevation**: 584
- **area**: 17.15
- **postal code**: 86857
- **area code**: 08248
- **licence**: LL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 81 126
- **divisions**: 2 Ortsteile
- **website**: [http://www.hurlach.de/ www.hurlach.de]
- **mayor**: Andreas Glatz
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
ABCDEFU

"**ABCDEFU**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gayle, released on August 13, 2021, by Art House Records and Atlantic Records. The song was written by Gayle, Sara Davis, and Dave Pittenger, while it was produced by Pete Nappi.

The song peaked at number 15 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 in the US.

## Infobox (song)

- **image**: Gayle - ABCDEFU (higher resolution).png
- **alt**: X-ray image of a hand with a broken middle finger
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Gayle
- **released**: August 13, 2021
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **length**: 2:49
- **producer**: Pete Nappi
Emirates National Oil Company

**ENOC** (the **Emirates National Oil Company**), known by its trading name ENOC. It is the national oil company in Dubai in United Arab Emirates. Its Headquarter  in Jebel Ali, established in 1993, and one of the companies of the Governmental Investment Corporation of Dubai. ENOC is affiliated with more than 30 companies specialized in the fields of refining, lubricant blending, warehousing, aviation and retail.

In 1999, ENOC opened its first oil refinery at a cost of 1.5 billion dirhams. It produces 120,000 barrels per day (19 thousand cubic meters/day)

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Emirates National Oil Company (ENOC)
<big>شركة بترول الإمارات الوطنية</big>
- **logo**:
- **type**: Government-owned corporation
- **foundation**: 1993
- **location city**: Dubai
- **location country**: UAE
- **key people**: Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum
<small>(Chairman)</small>
Saeed Mohammed Al Tayer
<small>(Vice Chairman)</small>
- **owner**: Investment Corporation of Dubai
- **num employees**: 9000+
Igling

**Igling** is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

## Subdivisions

The municipality Igling consists of the subdivisions (_Ortsteile_) Holzhausen, Unterigling and Oberigling.

## Other websites

- European Holocaust Memorial - a monument ensemble against racism and totalitarianism at the place of the crime - under the executive management of the Citizens´ Association European Holocaust Memorial Foundation
- The Holocaust in the Landsberg area- Citizens´ Association "Landsberg in the 20th Century" (English)

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Igling COA.svg
- **image photo**: Igling, LL - Holzhausen b B - ehem Schloss v SO.jpg
- **image caption**: Castle in Holzhausen bei Buchloe
- **image plan**: Igling in LL.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Landsberg am Lech
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Igling
- **elevation**: 593-611
- **area**: 26.37
- **postal code**: 86859
- **area code**: 08248
- **licence**: LL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 81 127
- **divisions**: 3 Ortsteile
- **website**: [http://www.igling.de/ www.igling.de]
- **mayor**: Günter Först
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: FW
United Arab Emirates dirham

The **United Arab Emirates dirham** (; , sign: **د.إ**; code: **AED**; commonly abbreviated "DH" or "Dhs."), also known as simply the **Emirati dirham**, is the basic unit of the currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham consists of 100 .

The dirham is issued by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates. Its value is fixed with the US dollar at a rate of 3.6725 dirhams to the dollar. It is believed that the UAE will maintain this dirham-dollar rate.

The UAE dirham was introduced for the first time on May 19, 1973 as an alternative to the Bahraini dinar (issued by Bahrain in 1965  and was used by the Emirate of Abu Dhabi) and for the Qatar and Dubai riyals (issued by the Qatar and Dubai Monetary Council in 1966).

## Infobox (currency)

- **currency name in local**: درهم إماراتي <small></small>
- **image 1**: UAE 1 dirham coin, reverse.jpg
- **image title 1**: 1 dirham coin in reverse
- **iso code**: AED
- **inflation rate**: 2.5%
- **inflation source date**: _[https://www.webcitation.org/5mGrLAu4A The World Factbook]_, 2011 est.
- **pegged with**: United States dollar, USD

1 USD = 3.6725 AED
- **subunit name 1**: Fils (currency), Fils (فلس)
- **symbol**: د.إ
- **frequently used coins**: 25 fils, 50 fils, 1 dirham
- **rarely used coins**: 1, 5, 10 fils
- **frequently used banknotes**: 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 dirhams
- **rarely used banknotes**: 20, 200 dirhams
- **issuing authority**: Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, Central Bank of the UAE
- **issuing authority website**: www.centralbank.ae
Kaufering, Bavaria

**Kaufering** is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. It is on the river Lech.

During World War II, a subcamp of Dachau concentration camp was placed there.

## Notable people

- Andreas Mäckler (born 1958), German editor

## Other websites

- The European Holocaust Memorial - Citizens´ Association "Landsberg in the 20th Century" (English)
- Citizens´ Association "Landsberg in the 20th Century" - Founded 9 November 1983 - Since over 30 year active within the remembrance of the local Holocaust Concentration Camp Kaufering/Landsberg
- European Holocaust Memorial - a monument ensemble against racism and totalitarianism at the place of the crime - under the executive management of European Holocaust Memorial Foundation

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Kaufering
- **image coa**: DEU Kaufering COA.svg
- **image skyline**: Kaufering Leonhard 5.jpg
- **image caption**: Pilgrimage Church of Saint Leonhard
- **image plan**: Kaufering in LL.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Landsberg am Lech
- **elevation**: 585-630
- **area**: 17.70
- **postal code**: 86916
- **area code**: 08191
- **licence**: LL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 81 128
- **website**: [http://www.kaufering.de/ www.kaufering.de]
- **mayor**: Thomas Salzberger
- **leader term**: 2019–25
- **party**: Grüne
Skype for Business

**Skype for Business** (formerly **Microsoft Lync** and **Office Communicator**) was a softwareapplication for instant messaging and videotelephony. It was developed by Microsoft as part of the Microsoft Officesuite.

## History

Skype for Business was established in 2007 and launched on October 27, 2007. It was followed by _Office Communicator 2007 R2_, released on March 19, 2009.

## Visions

Skype for Business has many visions such as;

- Office Communicator 2007
- Office Communicator 2007 R2
- Lync 2010
- Lync 2013
- Skype for Business 2015
- Skype for Business 2016
- Skype for Business 2019

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Skype for Business
- **logo**: Microsoft Skype for Business logo.svg
- **logo size**: 100px
- **caption**: Skype for Business
- **developer**: Microsoft
- **latest release version**: 16.0.5095.1000
- **operating system**: Windows, macOS, Android (operating system), Android and iOS
- **genre**: Audio, Video, Instant Messaging
Kinsau

**Kinsau** is a municipality in Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Kinsau COA.svg
- **image skyline**: Kinsau.jpg
- **image caption**: Kinsau seen from the north
- **image plan**: Kinsau in LL.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Landsberg am Lech
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Reichling
- **elevation**: 664
- **area**: 11.44
- **postal code**: 86981
- **area code**: 08869
- **licence**: LL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 81 129
- **mayor**: Marco Dollinger
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Parallel import

When a company imports a product from abroad, and sells it at home, even though  the manufacturer sells the product as well, this  is known as **parallel import**. Such products are real, they are not counterfeit. These imports are legal, but they happen without the permission of the company who sells these products. Very often, they are called grey product.

Parallel importing is done for different reasons:

1. The product has been adapted to the specific market, and the versions are different.
1. The price is different. The company who does the parallel import buys the product at a lower price abroad, and will sell it at a price that is higher, but still below the price of the product at home.
1. Some people are able to obtain a better price, for example by buying abroad, or avoiding taxes. The idea is to give something back to those people who cannot get these benefits.

In the case of drugs, parallel importing may reduce the price of the drug, by introducing competition.

## Bibliography

- The Gray Blog is a blog dedicated to parallel market legal issues.
- Australian Library and Information Association - Statement on Parallel Importing
- Statement on parallel import and export, or parallel trade
- Australian Productivity Commission 2009: "Restrictions on the Parallel Importation of Books" - The Australian Productivity Commission report, released 14 July 2009, presented original research to advocate the removal of parallel import restrictions on books.
Break My Heart (Dua Lipa song)

"**Break My Heart**" is a 2020 song by English singer-songwriter Dua Lipa. The genre can be described as a pop song. The song samples the song Need You Tonight by rock band INXS. It is one of Lipas hughest charting songs. Iit charted at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song is on her second studio album _Future Nostalgia._
The Big Clock (1948 movie)

***The Big Clock*** is a 1948 American thriller movie directed by John Farrow and was based on the 1946 novel of the same name by Kenneth Fearing. It stars Ray Millard, Charles Laughton, Harry Morgan, Elsa Lanchester, Rita Johnson, Dan Tobin, Elaine Riley and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was remade in 1976 as _Police Python 357_ and again in 1987 as _No Way Out_.
Sirens of the Caribbean

***Sires of the Caribbean*** also known as ***Bad Girl Island*** is a 2007 Bahamian science fiction mystery movie directed by Stewart Raffill and starring AnnaLynne McCord, Antonio Sabato Jr., James Brolin, Ashley Loren.
Wulverdinghe

**Wulverdinghe** is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 311 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file
Illies, Nord

**Illies** () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 1,635 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file
Stand News

***Stand News*** () was a free, non-profit online news website based in Hong Kong, from 2014 to 2021. It was founded in December 2014. It replaced _House News_. It focused on social and political issues in Hong Kong. It was a pro-democratic news website.

On 29 December 2021, Hong Kong police officials arrested _Stand News_ employees for sedition and the website closes down.
Rosario Robles

**María del Rosario Robles Berlanga** (; born 1956) is a Mexican politician and criminal. She was the Secretary of Social Development in the cabinet of Enrique Peña Nieto. She also was substitute Head of Government of the Federal District ("Mayor of Mexico City"). She was the first female Mayor of Mexico City.

Robles was arrested on August 8, 2019 and charged with stealing MXN$4,6 billion (US$250,000,000). She faces seven years in prison.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rosario Robles
- **image**: Rosario-Robles.jpg
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **office**: Secretariat of Agrarian, Land, and Urban Development (Mexico), Secretary of Agrarian, Land, and Urban Development of Mexico
- **president**: Enrique Peña Nieto
- **term start**: 27 August 2015
- **term end**: 30 November 2018
- **predecessor**: Jesús Murillo Karam
- **successor**: Román Meyer Falcón
- **office1**: Secretariat of Social Development, Secretary of Social Development of Mexico
- **president1**: Enrique Peña Nieto
- **term start1**: 1 December 2012
- **term end1**: 27 August 2015
- **predecessor1**: Heriberto Félix Guerra
- **successor1**: José Antonio Meade
- **office2**: Head of Government of the Federal District
- **term start2**: 29 September, 1999
- **term end2**: 4 December, 2000
- **predecessor2**: Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
- **successor2**: Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- **office3**: Member of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico), Chamber of Deputies
 for the Electoral regions of Mexico, 2nd Circumscription
- **term start3**: 1 November, 1994
- **term end3**: 31 August 1997
- **party**: Democratic Revolution Party
- **occupation**: Economist, politician
- **alma mater**: National Autonomous University of Mexico
Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez

**Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez** (born May 13, 1954) is a Mexican politician. He is a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution. He was the 4th Head of Government of the Federal District from 2005 to 2006. Encinas was a member of Congress as senator representing the State of Mexico.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alejandro Encinas
- **image**: Alejandro Encinas (20798209388) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Alejandro Encinas in 2015
- **birth place**: Mexico City
- **residence**: State of Mexico
- **office**: Senate of Mexico, Senator for the State of Mexico
- **term start**: 1 September 2012
- **term end**: 31 August 2018
- **predecessor**: Ulises Ramírez Núñez
- **successor**: Juan Zepeda Hernández
- **office2**: Head of Government of the Federal District
- **order2**: 4th
- **term start2**: 2 August 2005
- **term end2**: 4 December 2006
- **predecessor2**: Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- **successor2**: Marcelo Ebrard
- **office3**: Government Secretary of the Federal District
- **term start3**: 21 March 2003
- **term end3**: 2 August 2005
- **predecessor3**: José Agustín Ortiz Pinchetti
- **successor3**: Ricardo Ruíz Suárez
- **office4**: Secretary of Economic Development of the Federal District
- **term start4**: 5 December 2000
- **term end4**: 18 February 2002
- **predecessor4**: Leticia Calzada Gómez
- **successor4**: Jenny Saltiel Cohen
- **office5**: Secretary of the Environment of the Federal District
- **term start5**: 5 December 1997
- **term end5**: 4 December 2000
- **predecessor5**: Position established
- **successor5**: Claudia Sheinbaum
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (2015-present)
- **otherparty**: Party of the Democratic Revolution, Democratic Revolution (Before 2015)
- **alma mater**: National Autonomous University of Mexico
Miguel Ángel Mancera

**Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa** (; born 16 January 1966) is a Mexican lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). He was the Mayor of Mexico City from 2012 to 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Miguel Ángel Mancera
- **image**: Miguel Mancera (enero 2017) cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Miguel Mancera in 2017
- **alt**: Miguel Ángel Mancera stands in front of a wall.
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **birth name**: Miguel Ángel Mancera Espinosa
- **residence**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **office**: Head of Government of the Federal District
- **order**: 6th
- **term start**: 5 December 2012
- **term end**: 29 March 2018
- **predecessor**: Marcelo Ebrard
- **successor**: Claudia Sheinbaum
- **office1**: National Governors Conference (Mexico), President of the National Conference of Governors
- **term start1**: 3 May 2017
- **term end1**: 13 December 2017
- **predecessor1**: Graco Ramírez
- **successor1**: Arturo Núñez Jiménez
- **office2**: Attorney General of Justice of Mexico City
- **term start2**: 8 July 2008
- **term end2**: 6 January 2012
- **governor2**: Marcelo Ebrard
- **predecessor2**: Rodolfo Félix Cárdenas
- **successor2**: Jesús Rodríguez Almeida
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **alma mater**: National Autonomous University of Mexico
Marcelo Ebrard

**Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón** (; born 10 October 1959) is a Mexican politician. He is a member of the  Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). On 1 December 2018 he was appointed Foreign Secretary by Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. He was president of the United Nations Global Network on Safer Cities. From 2006 until 2012, he was Mayor of Mexico City.

In 2010, Ebrard was nominated as the "world's best mayor" by the Project World Mayor. From 2009 to 2012, he was the chair of the World Mayors Council on Climate Change.

Ebrard was a candidate for President of Mexico in the 2024 general election. He was appointed as Secretary of Economy by President Claudia Sheinbaum in October 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Marcelo Ebrard
- **image**: Marcelo Ebrard (52544275532) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ebrard in 2022
- **office**: Secretariat of Economy, Secretary of Economy
- **president**: Claudia Sheinbaum
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **predecessor**: Raquel Buenrostro Sánchez
- **office1**: Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico), Secretary of Foreign Affairs
- **president1**: Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- **term start1**: 1 December 2018
- **term end1**: 12 June 2023
- **predecessor1**: Luis Videgaray Caso
- **successor1**: Alicia Bárcena Ibarra
- **office2**: List of heads of government of Mexico City,  5th Head of Government of Mexico City
- **term start2**: 5 December 2006
- **term end2**: 4 December 2012
- **predecessor2**: Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez
- **successor2**: Miguel Ángel Mancera
- **office3**: Secretary of Social Development of the Federal District
- **term start3**: 8 February 2005
- **term end3**: 7 September 2005
- **1blankname3**: Mayor
- **1namedata3**: Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- **predecessor3**: Raquel Sosa Elízaga
- **successor3**: Martha Pérez Bajarano
- **office4**: Secretary of Public Security of the Federal District
- **term start4**: 15 February 2002
- **term end4**: 7 November 2004
- **1blankname4**: Mayor
- **1namedata4**: Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- **predecessor4**: Joel Ortega Cuevas
- **successor4**: Leonel Godoy Rangel
- **office5**: Democratic Center Party of Mexico, Secretary General of the Democratic Center Party
- **term start5**: 30 June 1999
- **term end5**: 15 September 2000
- **predecessor5**: Office established
- **successor5**: Office abolished
- **office6**: Member of the Congress of the Union
 for the Electoral regions of Mexico, 4th Circumscription
- **term start6**: 1 September 1997
- **term end6**: 31 August 2000
- **birth name**: Marcelo Luis Ebrard
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **party**: National Regeneration Movement (2018–present)
Democratic Revolution Party (2000–2018)
Democratic Center Party of Mexico, Democratic Center Party (1999–2000)
Institutional Revolutionary Party (1977–1995)
- **parents**: Marcelo Ebrard, Sr.
Marcela Casaubón
- **children**: Anne Dominique Ebrard
 Francesca Ebrard
Marcelo Ebrard, Jr.
 Ivanna Ebrard
 Julián Ebrard
- **education**: El Colegio de México (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
École nationale d'administration
- **signature**: Firma de Marcelo Ebrard.svg
Antoine Bonifaci

**Antoine Bonifaci** (4 September 1931 – 29 December 2021) was a French footballer. He was born in Bezons, France. He played as a midfielder. Bonifaci played for the France national football team twelve times between 1951 until 1953. His career lasted from 1950 until 1963.

Bonifaci died on 29 December 2021 in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France at the age of 90.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Antoine Bonifaci
- **image**: Antoine Bonifaci en 1955 (Inter de Milan).jpg
- **caption**: Bonifaci with Inter Milan in 1955
- **birth place**: Bezons, France
- **death place**: Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Villefranche-sur-Mer
- **years1**: 1950–1954
- **clubs1**: OGC Nice, Nice
- **caps1**: 109
- **goals1**: 9
- **years2**: 1954–1955
- **clubs2**: Inter Milan
- **caps2**: 25
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1955–1957
- **clubs3**: Bologna F.C. 1909, Bologna
- **caps3**: 54
- **goals3**: 2
- **years4**: 1957–1960
- **clubs4**: Torino F.C., Torino
- **caps4**: 102
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 1960–1961
- **clubs5**: Vicenza Calcio, Vicenza
- **caps5**: 13
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1961–1963
- **clubs6**: Stade Français Paris (football), Stade Français
- **caps6**: 24
- **goals6**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 327
- **totalgoals**: 13
- **nationalyears1**: 1951–1953
- **nationalteam1**: France national football team, France
- **nationalcaps1**: 12
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
Gina Torres

**Gina Torres** (born April 25, 1969) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Zoe Washburne in the science fiction series _Firefly_ (2002–2003) and in _Serenity_ (2005). She also played Jessica Pearson in the USA Network legal drama series _Suits_ (2011–2018) and its spin-off series _Pearson_ (2019).

Torres was married to actor Laurence Fishburne between 2002 until they divorced in 2018.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gina Torres
- **image**: Gina-torres-gesf-2018-5560.jpg
- **caption**: Torres at the 2018 Global Education and Skills Forum, in Dubai
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **children**: 1
Karel Loprais

**Karel Loprais** (March 4, 1949 – 30 December 2021) was a Czech rally raid driver. He was the 6-time winner of the Dakar Rally in the truck category. Loprais was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia. He was nicknamed "Monsieur Dakar".

Loprais died on 30 December 2021 from COVID-19 at a hospital in Nový Jičín, Czech Republic at the age of 72.
Maisons-Laffitte

**Maisons-Laffitte** () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Maisons-Laffitte
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Château de Maisons-Laffitte 001.jpg
- **caption**: Château de Maisons, Château de Maisons-Laffitte
- **map size**: 270px
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Maisons-Laffitte (Yvelines).svg
- **adjustable map**: Maisons-Laffitte_map.png
- **map caption**: Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
- **arrondissement**: Saint-Germain-en-Laye
- **canton**: Sartrouville
- **insee**: 78358
- **postal code**: 78600
- **mayor**: Jacques Myard
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération Saint Germain Boucles de Seine, CA Saint Germain Boucles Seine
- **elevation m**: 38
- **elevation min m**: 22
- **elevation max m**: 57
- **area km2**: 6.75
Michelle Bolsonaro

**Michelle de Paula Firmo Reinaldo Bolsonaro** (born 22 March 1982) is a Brazilian socialite. She was the First Lady of Brazil from 2019 to 2022. She is the third wife of the 38th President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro. She has been seen as a possible presidential candidate for the 2026 general election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michelle Bolsonaro
- **image**: Michelle Bolsonaro, primeira-dama do Brasil.jpg
- **caption**: Michelle Bolsonaro in 2022
- **office**: First Lady of Brazil
- **term label**: In role
- **term**: 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2022
- **president**: Jair Bolsonaro
- **predecessor**: Marcela Temer
- **successor**: Rosângela Lula da Silva
- **birth name**: Michelle de Paula Firmo Reinaldo
- **birth place**: Ceilândia, Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, Brazil
- **children**: 2
- **signature**: Michelle Bolsonaro signature.png
Marcela Temer

**Marcela Tedeschi de Araújo Temer** (born 16 May 1983) is a Brazilian socialite. She is the wife of the 37th President of Brazil, Michel Temer. She was the 36th First Lady of Brazil from 31 August 2016 until 1 January 2019. She also was the Second Lady of Brazil from 2011 to 2016.

When she was first lady, she focused on social policies for children, having been an Ambassador for the Happy Child Program.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Marcela Temer
- **image**: Marcela Temer em setembro de 2016.jpg
- **office**: First Lady of Brazil
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: 31 August 2016
- **term end**: 31 December 2018
- **president**: Michel Temer
- **predecessor**: Marisa Letícia Lula da Silva
- **successor**: Michelle Bolsonaro
- **office1**: Second Lady of Brazil
- **term label1**: In role
- **term start1**: 1 January 2011
- **term end1**: 31 August 2016
- **1blankname1**: Vice President
- **1namedata1**: Michel Temer
- **predecessor1**: Mariza Gomes
- **successor1**: Paula Mourão
- **birth name**: Marcela Tedeschi de Araújo
- **birth place**: Paulínia, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil
- **party**: Brazilian Democratic Movement, MDB
- **children**: Michel (b. 2009)
- **alma mater**: FADISP
Susana Higuchi

**Susana Shizuko Higuchi Miyagawa** ( ; 26 April 1950 – 8 December 2021) was a Peruvian politician and engineer. She was First Lady of Peru from 1990 to 1994 as the wife of President Alberto Fujimori. She was a member of the Congress for two terms from 2000 to 2006.

Higuchi died on 8 December 2021 at a hospital in Lima, Peru from cancer at the age of 71.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Susana Higuchi
- **birth name**: Susana Shizuko Higuchi Miyagawa
- **birth place**: Lima, Peru
- **death place**: Lima, Peru
- **office**: Congress of the Republic of Peru, Member of Congress
- **term start**: 26 July 2001
- **term end**: 26 July 2006
- **constituency**: Lima
- **term start2**: 26 July 2000
- **term end2**: 26 July 2001
- **constituency2**: National
- **office3**: First Lady of Peru
- **president3**: Alberto Fujimori
- **term label3**: In role
- **term start3**: 28 July 1990
- **term end3**: 23 August 1994
- **predecessor3**: Pilar Nores de García
- **successor3**: Keiko Fujimori
- **party**: Independent Moralizing Front, FIM (until 2006)
- **children**: 4, including Keiko Fujimori, Keiko and Kenji Fujimori, Kenji
- **relatives**: Santiago Fujimori (Brother in law)
- **alma mater**: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
- **website**: [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/congresista/2001/shiguchi.htm Official site]
Giovanni D'Anzi

**Giovanni D'Anzi** (1 January 1906 – 15 April 1974) was an Italian singer-songwriter and composer. He sometimes performed in milanese dialect with some popular songs as Oh mia bela Madunina or El Biscella.

D'Anzi died on 15 April 1974 in Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy at the age of 74. In the last part of his òlife, he was also painter.

## Related pages

- List of Italian painters

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Giovanni D'Anzi
- **image**: Giovanni D'Anzi.jpg
- **caption**: Giovanni D'Anzi in 1955
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Milan, Lombardy, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
- **death place**: Santa Margherita Ligure, Liguria, Italy
- **genre**: Popular music, dialectal music
- **years active**: 1935–1974
- **label**: Fonola Dischi
- **website**: [http://discografia.dds.it/scheda_artista.php?ida=327 Giovanni D'Anzi on Discografia nazionale della canzone italiana]
Nadine Heredia

**Nadine Heredia Alarcón de Humala** (born May 25, 1976) is a Peruvian politician. She is the wife of former President of Peru Ollanta Humala. She was the First Lady of Peru from 2011 to 2016. She was President of the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) from 2013 until 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Nadine Heredia en 2012.jpg
- **office**: First Lady of Peru
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: July 28, 2011
- **term end**: July 28, 2016
- **predecessor**: Pilar Nores de García
- **successor**: Nancy Lange
- **president**: Ollanta Humala
- **office2**: President of the Peruvian Nationalist Party
- **term start2**: December 30, 2013
- **term end2**: August 26, 2016
- **predecessor2**: Ollanta Humala
- **successor2**: Ollanta Humala
- **birth name**: Nadine Heredia Alarcón
- **birth place**: Lima, Peru
- **children**: Illariy
Nayra
Samin
- **party**: Peruvian Nationalist Party
Cecilia Morel

**María Cecilia Morel Montes** (born January 14, 1954) is the widow of the former President of Chile Sebastián Piñera. She was the First Lady of Chile from 2018 until 2022. She was also the Sociocultural Area Director of the Presidency during her husband's first presidency between 2010 until 2014.

## Honours

- Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (27 March 2019)
    - Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (4 March 2011)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cecilia Morel Montes
- **image**: Cecilia morel.jpg
- **caption**: Cecilia in 2019
- **office**: First Lady of Chile
- **president**: Sebastián Piñera
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: 11 March 2018
- **term end**: 11 March 2022
- **successor**: Irina Karamanos
- **predecessor**: _Herself_
- **term label2**: In role
- **term start2**: 11 March 2010
- **term end2**: 11 March 2014
- **predecessor2**: Luisa Durán de la Fuente
- **successor2**: _Herself_
- **birth place**: Santiago, Chile
- **birth name**: María Cecilia Morel Montes
- **party**: National Renewal (Chile), National Renewal (before 2011)
- **occupation**: Family counselor
Rocío González Navas

**Rocío González Navas** (born November 6, 1953) is an Ecuadorian businesswoman. She was the First Lady of Ecuador from 2017 until 2021 as the wife of President Lenín Moreno.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rocío González Navas
- **image**: Rocío Gonzalez de Moreno.jpg
- **office**: First Lady of Ecuador
- **term start**: May 24, 2017
- **term end**: May 24, 2021
- **predecessor**: Anne Malherbe Gosselin
- **successor**: María de Lourdes Alcívar
- **birth place**: Latacunga, Ecuador
- **occupation**: Businesswoman
- **children**: 3
Anne Malherbe Gosselin

**Anne Malherbe Gosselin** (born **Anne Malherbe** on December 16, 1968) is a Belgian-Ecuadorian teacher. She is the wife of Rafael Correa, President of Ecuador from January 2007 until May 2017. She was born in Namur, Belgium.

She met Correa while both were at classes in the University of Louvain (UCLouvain), in Belgium. They later married and, during Correa's presidency. After the end of Correa's presidency, the couple moved to Belgium.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anne Malherbe Gosselin
- **image**: Anne Malherbe Gosseline (Cambio de mando 2017).jpg
- **order**: First Ladies and Gentlemen of Ecuador, First Lady of Ecuador
- **president**: Rafael Correa
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: January 15, 2007
- **term end**: May 24, 2017
- **predecessor**: María Beatriz Paret
- **successor**: Rocío González Navas
- **birth name**: Anne Malherbe
- **birth place**: Namur (city), Namur, Belgium
- **alma mater**: Université catholique de Louvain, University of Louvain
- **occupation**: Teacher
María Clemencia de Santos

**María Clemencia "Tutina" Rodríguez de Santos** (née **Rodríguez Múnera**, born 13 November 1955) is the wife of the 32nd President of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos. She was the First Lady of Colombia from August 2010 until August 2018.

She was seen as a fashion icons in Colombia when she was first lady.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-suffix**: Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, GCMSG Order of Isabella the Catholic, GCIC Order of Prince Henry, GCIH
- **image**: María Clemencia Rodríguez Múnera.jpg
- **caption**: Rodríguez de Santos in January 2014
- **office**: First Lady of Colombia
- **president**: Juan Manuel Santos
- **term label**: In role
- **predecessor**: Lina Moreno de Uribe
- **successor**: María Juliana Ruiz
- **birth name**: María Clemencia Rodríguez Múnera
- **birth place**: Bogotá, Colombia
- **nationality**: Colombian people, Colombian
- **party**: Party of the U <small>(2005-present)</small>
- **residence**: Casa de Nariño <small>(official)</small>
- **profession**: Graphic Designer
María Juliana Ruiz

**María Juliana Ruiz Sandoval** (born 25 May 1978) is a Colombian socialite and lawyer. She was the First Lady of Colombia from 2018 to 2022. She is married to Iván Duque Márquez.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: María Juliana Ruiz Sandoval
- **image**: Maria Juliana Ruiz Sandoval at White House.jpg
- **office**: First Lady of Colombia
- **president**: Iván Duque Márquez
- **term label**: In Role
- **term start**: August 7, 2018
- **term end**: August 7, 2022
- **predecessor**: María Clemencia de Santos
- **successor**: Verónica Alcocer
- **birth name**: María Juliana Ruiz Sandoval
- **birth place**: Bogotá, Colombia
- **citizenship**: Colombian
- **children**: 3