juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Allobates insperatus

***Allobates insperatus*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 16.02 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 16.25 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is brown in color with a light brown stripe on each side of the body. There is also a dark brown stripe on each side of the body. The belly can be cream or yellow-white in color. The throat can be cream-yellow or light gray in color.

## Home

People see this frog hiding near tree roots, in palm leaves, and on dead leaves on the ground.  It lives in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that are growing back. It does not need to live near streams. Scientists have seen the frog between 250 and 570 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog inside Güeppi-Sekime National Park. There are more protected parks in the place where the frog lives: Parque Nacional Cuyabeno, Parque Nacional Yasuní, Parque Nacional Sumaco Napo-Galeras, and scientists think it could live in these parks too.

## Young

This frog does not need to live near streams. Its tadpoles can swim in streams, but they can also swim in water in pieces of palm plants that have fallen to the ground, in water in pieces of bamboo plants that have fallen to the ground, and in small pools of water.

## Danger

Scientists from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature say this frog is not in danger of dying out from the world.  The government of Ecuador says this frog is in only a little danger of dying out in Ecuador. Human beings do change the places where it lives to make farms, make places to raise animals, get wood to build with, and look for oil.
Hyundai Trajet

The **Hyundai Trajet** was a MPV made by Hyundai from 1999 to 2008.

## History and Features

The Hyundai Trajet was developed as a seven-seater MPV, and its main goal was to be able to fit large famillies and shuttle market segments. The Trajet name is the French meaning of journey, path walk, etc. The MPV shared its platform with the Sonata, Grandeur and Santa Fe. It was debuted at the London Motor Show in the United Kingdom in 1999. It had 2.0 and 2.7 V6 petrol engines with a petrol/LPG version, a 2.0 diesel engine with a 5-speed manual transmission, and a 4-speed automatic transmission, which was facelifted in 2004.

## Markets

The Hyundai Trajet was sold mainly in Europe and Australia, and in South Korea, it was sold as the Hyundai Trajet XG, since it shared its platform with the Hyundai Grandeur XG.  In the Netherlands, the MPV was sold as the Hyundai Highway Van.

## Discontinuation

The production of the Hyundai Trajet ended in 2008 without a sucessor. Instead of developing a new sucessor as a replacement, Hyundai decided to adapt a new existent line to its existing models.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Trajet
- **image**: 2003 Hyundai Trajet GSi TD 2.0 Front.jpg
- **caption**: Hyundai Trajet (pre-facelift)
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **aka**: Hyundai Highway Van (Netherlands)
- **production**: 1999–2008
- **assembly**: South Korea: Ulsan
Indonesia: Bekasi ()
- **class**: Minivan, Large MPV
- **body style**: 5 door minivan
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front engine, front-wheel drive
- **platform**: Hyundai-Kia Y platforms, Hyundai–Kia Y4
- **transmission**: 5 speed manual transmission, manual
4 speed automatic transmission, automatic
- **predecessor**: Hyundai Santamo
Joint Chiefs of Staff

The **Joint Chiefs of Staff** (**JCS**) is the group of the most senior military leaders within the United States Department of Defense, which advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military affairs.

It is made up of a chairman (CJCS), a vice chairman (VJCS), the chiefs of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, and the National Guard Bureau. Each of the individual service chiefs works directly under the secretaries of their military departments.

## Infobox (infobox)

- **above**: Joint Chiefs of Staff
- **subheader**: JCS
- **image**:
- **caption**: Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
- **headerstyle**: background-color: #efefef
- **label1**: Role
- **data1**: Advisory board providing professional military advice to the United States Secretary of Defense, secretary of defense and the President of the United States, president
- **label2**: Established in practice
- **data2**: 1942
- **label3**: Constituting instrument
- **data3**: National Security Act of 1947
currently codified at

- **label4**: Predecessor entities
- **data4**: Joint Board
<small>(1903–1942)</small>
- **header5**: Members
- **label6**: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chairman
- **data6**: General (United States), Gen Charles Q. Brown Jr., United States Air Force, USAF
- **label7**: Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Vice Chairman
- **data7**: Admiral (United States), ADM Christopher W. Grady, United States Navy, USN
- **label8**: Number of members
- **data8**: Eight
- **header9**: Administration
- **label10**: Parent agency
- **data10**: U.S. Department of Defense
- **label11**: Staff organization
- **data11**: The Joint Staff (for the chairman and the vice chairman; the service chiefs and the National Guard Bureau chief have their own staffs assisting them)
- **label12**: Seat
- **data12**: The Pentagon
West Wales Premier League

The **West Wales Premier League** is a football league for teams in West Wales. It is at level 4 of the Welsh league system, and teams from this league can be promoted to the Ardal Leagues. The league was formed in 2020.

## 2024–25 teams

- AFC Glais
- Bryn Rovers AFC
- CK Swiss Valley AFC
- Cwm Wanderers AFC
- Cwmamman United AFC
- Dafen Welfare AFC
- Garden Village AFC
- Giants Grave AFC
- Mumbles Rangers FC
- Penlan AFC
- Pontarddulais Town FC
- Rockspur Fords FC
- Seaside AFC
- St Joseph’s AFC (Swansea)
- West End FC
- Ynystawe Athletic FC

## Champions

- 2020–21 - cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2021–22 - Penlan AFC
- 2022–23 - Penlan AFC
- 2023–24 - Rockspur Fords FC
Joint Base Andrews

**Joint Base Andrews** (**JBA**)  is a United States military facility in Prince George's County, Maryland. The facility is under the United States Air Force (USAF) 316th Wing, Air Force District of Washington (AFDW). The base was created in 2009, when Andrews Air Force Base and Naval Air Facility Washington were merged.

## Infobox (military installation)

- **name**: Joint Base Andrews
- **location**: Camp Springs, Maryland, Camp Springs, Maryland
- **country**: the United States of America
- **image**: File:US Navy 050521-N-0295M-026 Air Force One takes off from Andrews Air Force Base, Md., during the 2005 Joint Service Open House.jpg
- **alt**: Boeing VC-25A, widely known as Air Force One when the President is on board, of the 89th Airlift Wing based at JB Andrews.
- **caption**: Boeing VC-25, Boeing VC-25A, widely known as Air Force One when the President is on board, of the 89th Airlift Wing based at JB Andrews.
- **image2**:
- **caption2**: **Motto: **_America's Airfield_
- **type**: Joint base, US military Joint Base
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin label**: JB Andrews
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **ownership**: United States Department of Defense, Department of Defense
- **operator**: United States Air Force, US Air Force
- **controlledby**: Air Force District of Washington (AFDW)
- **built**: (as Camp Springs Air Base)
- **used**: – present (as Joint Base)
- **condition**: Operational
- **current commander**: Colonel (United States), Colonel Andrew M. Purath
- **garrison**: 316th Wing (Host)
- **iata**: ADW
- **icao**: KADW
- **faa**: ADW
- **wmo**: 745940
- **r1-number**: 01R/19L
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt concrete, Asphalt/Concrete
- **r2-number**: 01L/19R
- **r2-surface**: Concrete
- **footnotes**: **Source:** Federal Aviation Administration
Dobbins Air Reserve Base

**Dobbins Air Reserve Base** or **Dobbins ARB**  is a United States Air Force reserve air base in Marietta, Georgia. It is about  northwest of Atlanta. It was originally known as Dobbins Air Force Base. It was named in honor of Captain Charles M. Dobbins, a World War II C-47 pilot who died near Sicily.

## Infobox (military installation)

- **name**: Dobbins Air Reserve Base
- **location**: Marietta, Georgia, Marietta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **country**: the United States of America
- **image**: File:Lockheed C-130H Hercules ‘31037’ (29284261202).jpg
- **alt**: A C-130 Hercules operated by the 700th Airlift Sqn, part of the 94th Airlift Wing based at Dobbins ARB.
- **caption**: A Lockheed C-130 Hercules, C-130 Hercules operated by the 700th Airlift Squadron, part of the 94th Airlift Wing based at Dobbins ARB.
- **image2**:
- **type**: US Air Force Base
- **pushpin map**: USA Georgia # USA # North America
- **pushpin relief**: y
- **pushpin label**: Dobbins ARB
- **pushpin mark**: Roundel of the USAF.svg
- **pushpin marksize**: 20
- **ownership**: United States Department of Defense, Department of Defense
- **operator**: United States Air Force, US Air Force
- **controlledby**: Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)
- **built**: (as Rickenbacker Field)
- **used**: 1941 – present
- **condition**: Operational
- **current commander**: Colonel Carl Magnusson
- **garrison**: 94th Airlift Wing (Host)
- **website**: [https://www.dobbins.afrc.af.mil/ www.dobbins.afrc.af.mil/]
- **iata**: MGE
- **icao**: KMGE
- **faa**: MGE
- **wmo**: 722270
- **r1-number**: 11/29
- **r1-surface**: Concrete
- **r2-number**: 110/290
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt concrete, Asphalt
- **footnotes**: **Source:** Federal Aviation Administration
United States Navy Memorial

The **United States Navy Memorial** is a memorial in Washington, D.C. for people who have served or are currently serving in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Merchant Marine.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: United States Navy Memorial
- **photo**: U.S. Navy Memorial in Washington, D.C..JPG
- **photo caption**: United States Navy Memorial
- **map**: United States Washington, D.C. central
- **location**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **governing body**: U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation
West Wales

**West Wales** is the area in the south-western parts of Wales. It normally includes the areas of Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire, and Ceredigion; all three are part of Dyfed. It also sometimes includes Swansea and Neath Port Talbot.
Just as I Am (hymn)

"**Just as I Am**" is a Christian hymn, written by Charlotte Elliott in 1835. It first appeared in the _Christian Remembrancer_.

## Lyrics

<poem>

Just as I am - without one plea,
But that Thy blood was shed for me,
And that Thou bidst me come to Thee,
-O Lamb of God, I come!

Just as I am - and waiting not
To rid my soul of one dark blot,
To Thee, whose blood can cleanse each spot,
-O Lamb of God, I come!

Just as I am - though toss'd about
With many a conflict, many a doubt,
Fightings and fears within, without,
-O Lamb of God, I come!

Just as I am - poor, wretched, blind;
Sight, riches, healing of the mind,
Yea, all I need, in Thee to find,
-O Lamb of God, I come!

Just as I am - Thou wilt receive,
Wilt welcome, pardon, cleanse, relieve;
Because Thy promise I believe,
-O Lamb of God, I come!

Just as I am - Thy love unknown
Has broken every barrier down;
Now to be Thine, yea, Thine alone,
-O Lamb of God, I come!

Just as I am - of that free love
The breadth, length, depth, and height to prove,
Here for a season, then above,
-O Lamb of God, I come!</poem>

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: "Just as I Am"
- **type**: Hymn
- **image**: Elliott Bradbury Just as I am.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: The hymn with music by Bradbury
- **text**: by Charlotte Elliott
- **melody**: "Woodworth" by William Batchelder Bradbury, William B. Bradbury and others
- **meter**: 8.8.8.6
- **publisher**: _Christian Remembrancer_
Rafael Cadenas

**Rafael Cadenas** (born 8 April 1930) is a Venezuelan poet and essayist. He taught for many years at the Central University of Venezuela. In 2022, he won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.

## Other websites

- Author's website
- "Rafael Cadenas: “Nunca he sabido lo que es un poema”", Harry Almela, 8.31.2008
- "Contra la barbarie de la propia estimación: Entrevista con Rafael Cadenas", Claudia Posadas

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Rafael Cadenas 2016.jpg
- **birth place**: Barquisimeto, Venezuela
- **signature**: Rafael_Cadenas_signature.jpg
Luis Mateo Díez

**Luis Mateo Díez Rodríguez** (born 21 September 1942) is a Spanish writer. He is best known for his works that focus on the fictional Kingdom of Celama. Two of his novels have won both the Premio de la Crítica and the Premio Nacional de Narrativa. Díez also won the National Prize for Spanish Literature in 2020 and the Miguel de Cervantes Prize in 2023. He was born in Villablino, Spain. In 2001, he became a member of the Real Academia Española.
Álvaro Pombo

**Álvaro Pombo García de los Ríos** (born 23 June 1939) is a Spanish poet, novelist and activist. Pombo was elected to the Real Academia Española on 19 December 2002, he took up his seat on 20 June 2004. In November 2024, Pombo was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office**: Seat _j_ of the Real Academia Española
- **term start**: 20 June 2004
- **predecessor**: Pedro Laín Entralgo


## Infobox (person)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Most Excellent
- **image**: Alvaropombo.jpg
- **birth name**: Álvaro Pombo García de los Ríos
- **birth place**: Santander, Spain, Santander, Spain
Gonzalo Rojas

**Gonzalo Rojas Pizarro** (December 20, 1916 – April 25, 2011) was a Chilean poet. In 2003, he was awarded the Cervantes Prize. He was born in Lebu, Chile.

On the morning of April 25, 2011, Rojas died from problems caused by a stroke in Santiago at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- _What Do We Love When We Love_: Poem by Gonzalo Rojas
Oxalic acid

**Oxalic acid** (also known as **ethanedioic acid**) is a chemical compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Its chemical formula can be written as  or . It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid, a type of chemical which has two  functional groups. A salt of oxalic acid is called an oxalate.

Oxalic acid is found in many plants. It is named for the genus _Oxalis_, also known as wood sorrels, where it was first discovered in the 18th century.

Oxalic acid is a weak acid according to the chemical definition, meaning it does not completely separate into hydronium ions and oxalate when mixed with water, but it is one of the strongest carboxylic acids, with a pKa of 1.2. Stronger organic acids usually contain other elements like nitrogen, sulfur, or fluorine.
Francisco Umbral

**Francisco Alejandro Pérez Martínez** (11 May 1932 – 28 August 2007), better known as **Francisco Umbral**, was a Spanish journalist, novelist, biographer and essayist. In 2000, Umbral won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.

## Other websites

- Obituary in _The Times_
- (in Spanish)
- The Guardian: Francisco Umbral, Celebrated and controversial Spanish writer whose columns attacked the famous

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Francisco Umbral
- **image**: Francisco Umbral, 1992.jpg
- **caption**: Umbral in 1992
- **birth name**: Francisco Alejandro Pérez Martínez
- **birth place**: Madrid, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **occupation**: journalist
- **language**: Spanish
- **nationality**: Spanish
- **genre**: novelist
British Columbia Highway 6

**Highway 6** (_British Columbia Highway 6_) is a two-lane highway in British Columbia that is divided by the river in two parts―the first part between USA border and Nelson is known as the **Nelson-Nelway Highway** and the second part between Vernon and South Slocan is known as the **Vernon-Slocan Highway**. It was opened in 1941, it had concurrent with Highway 3 and  Highway 3A and the highway is about  in length.
Ford Maverick (2022)

The **Ford Maverick** is a compact pickup truck made by Ford since 2021.

## History and Features

In 2019 Ford announced that the company plans to make a small pickup truck that uses the same platform of the Ford Focus. In 2020, a tailgate photo was leaked to the press revealing that the pickup truck would use the name Maverick that was used on a compact car made by Ford from 1970 to 1979.

The production began on September 2021. and went on sale in late 2021 as a 2022 model. but in 2022 Ford suspended the orders and said it intended to resume the orders from 2023 model year. The Maverick has a 2.0 turbo EcoBoost gasoline engine and a gasoline hybrid version that has a 2.5 liter gasoline engine combined with a 88 Kw (118 hp) electric motor the Pickup Truck has a 8-speed automatic transmission (turbo version only) and the hybrid version has a Ford HF45 transmission it was facelifted in 2024 as a 2025 model.

## Markets

The Ford Maverick is sold only in South and North America.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Ford Maverick
- **image**: 2022 Ford Maverick XLT AWD with FX4 Off-Road Package.jpg
- **caption**: 2022 Ford Maverick XLT AWD
- **manufacturer**: Ford Motor Company
- **model code**: P758
- **production**: 2021–present
- **model years**: 2022–present
- **assembly**: Mexico: Hermosillo (Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly)
- **class**: Pickup_truck#Compact_pickup_truck, Compact pickup truck
- **body style**: 4-door pickup truck
- **platform**: Ford C2 platform, Ford C2
- **chassis**: Unibody
- **motor**: Permanent-magnet synchronous motor, permanent-magnet synchronous AC (hybrid)
- **drivetrain**: Parallel hybrid
- **battery**: 1.1 kWh Lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion (hybrid)
- **length**:
 (Tremor)
- **height**:
 (Tremor)
- **weight**:
 (Tremor)
- **sp**: us
Arrhenius acid-base theory

The **Arrhenius acid-base theory** is the first modern scientific definition of acids and bases. It was discovered by and named after Svante Arrhenius, and was part of why he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903.

The Arrhenius theory has been mostly replaced by the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories in modern chemistry, which use more general definitions of acid based on hydrogen ions and electrons. It is still used in education to introduce the ideas of acids and bases.

## Definitions

An **Arrhenius acid** is a chemical that increases the amount of hydronium ions in a mixture. An **Arrhenius base** is a chemical that increases the amount of hydroxide ions.

An **Arrhenius acid-base reaction** starts with an Arrhenius acid and an Arrhenius base, and ends with water and a salt. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are a classic example of an Arrhenius acid and base, and undergo the reaction
to make table salt and water. These reactions are also known as **neutralization reactions**, because they take an acid and a base and make a neutral salt solution.

## Weaknesses

The Arrhenius theory only describes chemicals that can dissolve in water, and only how they behave when in water. Acids and bases can act differently in different solvents like ammonia or oil. Some acids and bases do not dissolve in water at all, like fatty acids and calcium carbonate from antacids.

Ammonia does not contain a hydroxide ion or react with water to make hydroxide, but still acts like a base in experiments, such as changing the color of litmus paper.

The theory also cannot explain amphoteric chemicals like sodium bicarbonate that can act like either an acid or a base.
Hyundai Terracan

The **Hyundai Terracan** was a mid-size SUV made by Hyundai from 2001 to 2007. It replaced the Hyundai Galloper.

## History and Features

The Hyundai Terracan was previewed by the concept Hyundai Highland. and was launched in 2001 the SUV had a chassis that was derived from the Mitsubishi Pajero. the name is derived from Tarascan which was a mesoamerican empire.

it has a 2.4 liter (avaliable in China only) and a 3.5 V6 Gasoline engines and a 2.5 and 2.9 turbo diesel engines with a 5-speed manual transmission and a 4-speed automatic transmission it received a minor improvement in 2005.

## Markets

The Hyundai Terracan was sold in South Korea Europe India Australia New Zealand and South America in China it was sold and made by Hawtai as the Hawtai Terracan from 2003 to 2011.

## Discontinuation

The Hyundai Terracan was discontinued in 2007 due to weak sales and was replaced by the Hyundai Veracruz.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Terracan
- **image**: Hyundai Terracan pre-facelift front.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **aka**: Hawtai Terracan (China)
- **production**: 2001–2007 (South Korea)
2003–2011 (China)
2003–2007 (India)
- **assembly**: South Korea: Ulsan
China: Rongcheng, Shandong (Hawtai)
India: Chennai (Hyundai Motor India Limited, Hyundai India)
- **predecessor**: Hyundai Galloper
- **successor**: Hyundai Veracruz
- **class**: Mid-size SUV
- **body style**: 5-door SUV
- **layout**: Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
- **transmission**: 5-speed manual transmission, manual
4-speed automatic transmission, automatic
- **related**: Mitsubishi Pajero
Kia Sorento
Hyundai Galloper
Flu Shot (episode) (30 Rock)

**"Flu Shot"** is the eighth episode of the third season of the American TV comedy series 30 Rock. It was written by Jon Pollack and directed by Don Scardino. The episode first aired on NBC in the United States on January 15, 2009. Guest stars in this episode include George Bartenieff, Scott Bryce, Salma Hayek, and Chris Parnell.

In the episode, Liz Lemon (played by Tina Fey) fights for her staff's right to get flu shots from Dr. Leo Spaceman (played by Chris Parnell). However, Jack Donaghy (played by Alec Baldwin) doesn't allow it because there are not enough shots. Meanwhile, Jack tries to find creative ways to spend time with his girlfriend, Elisa (played by Salma Hayek), who works seven days a week. At the same time, Jenna Maroney (played by Jane Krakowski) and Tracy Jordan (played by Tracy Morgan) try to do something nice for the crew.

"Flu Shot" received mixed reviews from TV critics. Robert Canning of IGN said the episode was not up to the usual 30 Rock standards. According to Nielsen ratings, it was watched by 6.6 million households during its original broadcast and received a 3.2 rating/8 share among viewers aged 18–49.
Ivanili Heights

**Ivanili Heights** (Bulgarian: Иванилски възвишения, ‘Ivanilski Vazvisheniya’) are a series of hills in Graham Land on the Oscar II Coast. They stretch 10 km from north to south and are 7.5 km wide. The highest point is Stargel Peak, which rises to 1,434 meters.

The Ivanili Heights are located between two glaciers:

- Brenitsa Glacier to the west
- Rogosh Glacier to the east

They are connected to the Foster Plateau in the north by the Okorsh Saddle. The name "Ivanili Heights" comes from the village of Ivanili in Northern Bulgaria.
Remote Area Medical

**Remote Area Medical (RAM)** is a non-profit organization that provides free mobile clinics. These clinics offer dental, vision, and medical care to people who do not have enough money for health care. Sometimes, they also provide veterinary services for animals.

**Stan Brock**, a British philanthropist, founded RAM. At first, RAM was meant to help people in developing countries. However, it now focuses on helping people in the United States who need health care.

## History

**RAM** was started in 1985 by Stan Brock. He used to work with Marlin Perkins on the TV show **Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom**.

At first, RAM helped people in poor countries. Later, it started helping people in the United States too. Now, RAM runs clinics in the U.S. and other countries when needed.

The clinic in **Wise, Virginia**, is the biggest pop-up free clinic in the country. In 2017, over 1,000 volunteers helped at the clinic, serving 2,300 people.

In 2018, RAM held its 900th clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee. In 2019, it held its 1,000th clinic in the same city.

RAM was also featured on the TV show **60 Minutes** on CBS.
Ben Ainslie

**Ben Ainslie** is the CEO of Athena Sports Group. He is also the Team Principal, CEO, and Skipper of INEOS Britannia. Additionally, he is the CEO of the Emirates Great Britain SailGP Team.

## Early life

Ainslie was born on February 5, 1977, in , Macclesfield England. His parents are Roddy and Sue Ainslie. His father, Roddy, captained a boat in the first Whitbread Round The World Race in 1973. Ben's older sister, Fleur, is married to Jerome Pels, who used to be the secretary general of the International Sailing Federation (ISAF). Ben went to Terra Nova School in Cheshire, Truro School in Cornwall, and Peter Symonds Sixth Form in Hampshire.

## Olympic success

Ben Ainslie is a very successful British sailor. He is the most successful sailor in Olympic history. He won medals at five Olympic Games in a row, starting in 1996. He won gold medals at four of these Olympics, from 2000 to 2012. He is one of three men to win medals in five different Olympic Games in sailing. The other two men are Torben Grael and Robert Scheidt. Ben is the second person to win four gold medals in sailing, after Paul Elvstrøm.
Russian Revolution of 1905

The **Russian Revolution of 1905** is also called the First Russian Revolution. It started on January 22, 1905, with many protests and unrest across the Russian Empire. This unrest led to the creation of a constitutional monarchy with the Russian Constitution of 1906.

Many different groups were unhappy and took action, including workers on strike, peasants revolting, and soldiers mutinying. These actions were against Tsar Nicholas II, the nobility, and the ruling class. Because of the pressure, they had to make changes, such as creating the State Duma (a legislative body) and allowing a multi-party system.

## Reasons for the Revolution

1. **Unhappy Peasants**: Poor peasants were angry because their landlords treated them badly and the old semi-feudal system continued.
1. **Russo-Japanese War**: Russia lost the war against Japan, which made people more upset.
1. **Economic Problems**: A recession starting in 1899 led to many people in cities losing their jobs.

## Key Events

- **Bloody Sunday (1905)**: On January 22, 1905, workers marched peacefully to the tsar's Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg. The guards shot at them, causing many deaths and injuries.
- **Widespread Protests**: Demonstrations and strikes spread across the empire, but the tsar's troops violently suppressed them.
- **Potemkin Mutiny**: In June, sailors on the battleship Potemkin revolted.
- **General Strike**: In October, railway workers went on strike, which grew into a general strike in Saint Petersburg and Moscow. The striking workers formed councils, like the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies, to discuss their plans.
2024–25 United States Norovirus outbreak

The **2024–25 United States Norovirus outbreak** was an ongoing disease outbreak began in the United States of America, The virus is rapidly surging across the states due to H5N6 outbreak, According to the NoroStat Data in mid 2024–25 with more than 495 cases and its spreading widely in the entire country, In August 1, 2024

The norovirus was first identified in Norwalk, Ohio since 1968 by 25%. And its also known as "Stomach bug flu", a 1929 study said.

In 2023 research the cases surged 2,500 each year.

## Related pages

- United Kingdom norovirus epidemic
- 2024–2025 China HMPV outbreak

## Infobox (epidemic)

- **name**: 2024–25 United States Norovirus outbreak
- **arrival date**: –present
- **type**: Disease outbreak
- **disease**: Norovirus
- **first outbreak**: California, U.S.
- **index case**: Northeast Ohio
- **location**: United States
- **confirmed cases**: 495
- **notes**: The NoroStat, with more than 2,500 cases each year of the virus.
Simone Missick

**Simone Missick** (née **Cook**; born January 19, 1982) is an American actress known for her work in television and film. She gained significant recognition for her role as Misty Knight in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, particularly in the Netflix series _Luke Cage_, as well as in _The Defenders_ and _Iron Fist_. Missick's portrayal of Misty, a detective with a strong moral compass and a tactical mind, was well-received by both audiences and critics.

In addition to her work in the Marvel franchise, Missick has appeared in various other projects, including the series _Altered Carbon_ and _Self Made: Inspired by the Life of Madam C.J. Walker_. She has been praised for her versatility and ability to bring depth to her characters.
Eris Aragoza

**Eris Aragoza**, (born on February 27, 1996) is a Filipino actor, host, dancer and singer in the Philippines, He is currently a host in the variety Philippine noontime show in It's Showtime Online U at Kapamilya ABS-CBN Network.

## Career

Aragoza was born and raised in Binangonan, province of Rizal, at the age of 23 he joined at the segment of BidaMan in August 23, 2019 at It's Showtime at the placed of 2nd runner up.

### Television

- 2019 – _It's Showtime, BidaMan_ as himself

### Films

- 2021 - _Your Momshies, Your Soul is Mine_ as Banchong
- 2017 - _In My Father's Arms_ as Miggy

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eris Aragoza
- **birth name**: Eris Aragoza
- **birth place**: Binangonan, Rizal, Philippines
- **nationality**: Filipino
- **other names**: Eris
- **occupation**: actor, host, dancer & singer
- **known for**: _BidaMan, It's Showtime_ (2nd runner-up)
- **years active**: 2019–present
Edmundo González

**Edmundo González Urrutia** (born 29 August 1949) is a Venezuelan politician, analyst, and diplomat who is the disputed President-elect of Venezuela. He is a member of the Unitary Platform. He ran for President of Venezuela against current President Nicolás Maduro in the 2024 election.

González was awarded the Sakharov Prize in December 2024, alongside Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado.

## 2024 presidential election controversy

After the presidential election, a political crisis began after the Venezuelan government's announcement of the election results, which said Maduro won the election. However analysts argue that González actually won the election based on the actual votes cast. Most European countries and the United States rejected the official results and see González as the election winner, while a other countries including Russia, China, Iran, North Korea and Cuba see Maduro as the winner.

Maduro did not respect the results of the election, and instead asked the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, which is made up of justices loyal to Maduro, to approve the results that showed him as the winner, which they did. An arrest warrant was later issued for González. He was granted asylum in Spain, leaving Venezuela on 7 September 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Edmundo González
- **image**: Edmundo González 2025 (2).jpg
- **caption**: González in 2025
- **office1**: Ambassador of Foreign relations of Venezuela, Venezuela to Argentina
- **president1**: Rafael Caldera
Hugo Chávez
- **termstart1**: November 1998
- **termend1**: July 2002
- **office2**: Ambassador of Foreign relations of Venezuela, Venezuela to Algeria
- **president2**: Carlos Andrés Pérez
- **termstart2**: 1991
- **termend2**: 1993
- **birth place**: La Victoria, Aragua, United States of Venezuela, Venezuela
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **otherparty**: Democratic Unity Roundtable, MUD (2013–2021)
Unitary Platform, PU (since 2021)
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Central University of Venezuela
American University
- **occupation**: Diplomat, politician
- **residence**: Madrid, Spain
- **spouse**: Mercedes López de González
- **birth name**: Edmundo González Urrutia
- **relatives**: (great-grandfather)
Derek Humphry

**Derek Humphry** (29 April 1930 – 2 January 2025) was a British and American journalist and author. He was also an activist, supporting legal assisted suicide and the right to die. In 1980, he co-founded the Hemlock Society. In 2004, he co-founded Final Exit Network.

From 1988 to 1990, he was president of the World Federation of Right to Die Societies.

He was the author of _Jean's Way_ (1978), _The Right to Die: Understanding Euthanasia_ (1986), and _Final Exit: The Practicalities of Self-Deliverance and Assisted Suicide for the Dying_ (1991).

Humphry died of congestive heart failure on 2 January 2025 under hospice care in Eugene, Oregon at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Official blog

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Derek Humphry
- **image**: Derek Humphry 2012.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200x300px
- **alt**: Derek Humphry photo image (2012)
- **caption**: Humphry in 2012
- **birth place**: Bath, England, Bath, Somerset, England
- **awards**: Martin Luther King Memorial Prize (1972)
 Saba Prize (2000)
- **death place**: Eugene, Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.
Joseph Aoun

**Joseph Khalil Aoun** (born 10 January 1964) is a Lebanese general and politician who has been the 14th president of Lebanon since 9 January 2025. In 2017, he became the 14th Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces.

## Early life

He was born on January 10, 1964 in the town of Sin El Fil. He completed his secondary studies at the Frère-Mont-Lasalle School and obtained a degree in political sciences.

## Military career

His military life, he volunteered in 1983, and since 1984 he has participated in several roles such as officers in 1986, the diving course in 1987, and the military officer course in 1996, in addition to the battalion commander course in 2002, and a staff course in 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Joseph Aoun
- **native name**: جوزيف عون
- **image**: Nikos Christodoulides meets with Joseph Aoun (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Aoun in 2025
- **order**: 14th
- **office**: President of Lebanon
- **primeminister**: Najib Mikati
Nawaf Salam (designate)
- **term start**: 9 January 2025
- **predecessor**: Najib Mikati (acting)
- **order1**: 14th
- **office1**: Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces
- **term start1**: 8 March 2017
- **predecessor1**: Jean Kahwaji
- **birth place**: Sin el Fil, Mount Lebanon Governorate, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon
- **spouse**: Nehmat Nehmeh
- **alma mater**: Lebanese American University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Lebanese Army Military Academy
- **branch**: Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Army
- **serviceyears**: 1983–present
- **rank**:  General (Lebanon and Syria), General
- **battles**: Lebanese Civil War
The Art of Racing in the Rain (movie)

***The Art of Racing in the Rain*** is a 2019 American comedy-drama movie directed by Simon Curtis and written by Mark Bomback. It is based on the 2008 novel of the same name by author Garth Stein. The movie stars Milo Ventimiglia, Amanda Seyfried, Kevin Costner as the voice of Enzo the golden retriever.

It was released on August 9, 2019 by 20th Century Fox.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Art of Racing in the Rain
- **director**: Simon Curtis (filmmaker), Simon Curtis
- **screenplay**: Mark Bomback
- **music**: Dustin O'Halloran
Hauschka, Volker Bertelmann
- **cinematography**: Ross Emery
- **editing**: Adam Recht
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 109 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $18–20 million
- **gross**: $33.8 million
Chatoyancy

In gemology, **chatoyancy** (/ʃəˈtɔɪ.ənsi/ _shə-TOY-ən-see_), also called **chatoyance** or the **cat's eye effect**, is an optical reflectance effect seen in certain gemstones, woods, and carbon fiber. Chatoyancy in wood occurs in various species – particularly hardwoods and the various types of Nanmu woods of China and South East Asia, particularly where stresses from the weight of the growing tree result in denser patches, or where stresses cause burl or _bird’s eye_. This ‘figure’, which has a striking three-dimensional appearance, is highly prized by woodworkers and their clients alike, and is featured regularly in furniture, musical instruments, and other decorative wood products. Figuring takes on a variety of forms and is referred to as _flame_, _ribbon_, _tiger stripe_, _quilting_, among other names.

This effect is sometimes called _wet look_, since wetting wood with water often displays the chatoyancy, albeit only until the wood dries. Certain finishes cause the wood grain to become more pronounced. Oil finishes, epoxy, and shellac can strongly bring out the _wet look_ effect. When the refractive index of the finish nearly matches that of the wood, light scattering no longer occurs at the wood surface, adding the appearance of depth to the wood's figure.
Van Andel Arena

**Van Andel Arena** is an arena in the Heartside district of Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States. More than five million people visited in its first five years. It is the home of the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League, the Grand Rapids Gold of the NBA G League and the Grand Rapids Rise of the Pro Volleyball Federation. Van Andel Arena is the fourth-largest arena in Michigan. It is the largest arena in West Michigan. There are seats for 10,834 for ice hockey games and up to 13,184 seats for concerts.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Grand Rapids Griffins
- Grand Rapids Gold

## Infobox (venue)

- **name**: Van Andel Arena
- **nickname**: "The Freezer on Fulton"
- **image**: Van Andel Arena 2021.jpg
- **location**: Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.
- **broke ground**: February 8, 1995
- **opened**: October 8, 1996
- **owner**: Grand Rapids-Kent County Convention/Arena Authority
- **operator**: SMG (property management), SMG
- **cost**: United States dollar, $78 million
($ in  dollars)
- **architect**: Rossetti Architects
- **structural engineer**: McClurg & Associates, Inc.
- **services engineer**: URS Corporation, URS Greiner, Inc./Henderson
- **general contractor**: Hunt Construction Group, Hunt/Erhardt Joint Venture
- **tenants**: Grand Rapids Griffins (American Hockey League, AHL) (1996–present)
Grand Rapids Hoops (Continental Basketball Association, CBA) (1996–2001)
Grand Rapids Rampage (Arena Football League, AFL) (1998–2009)

Grand Rapids Rise (Pro Volleyball Federation, PVF) (2024-present)
- **capacity**: Ice Hockey: 10,834
Arena Football: 10,618
Basketball: 11,500
Concerts: 13,184
Mauro Morandi

**Mauro Morandi** (1939 – 3 January 2025) was an Italian island hermit who was the sole resident of the Italian island Budelli from 1989 to 2021. He was nicknamed "**Robinson Crusoe**". He became world famous and a source of inspiration for people.

## Biography

Mauro Morandi was born in Modena, Italy in 1939. He worked as a physics teacher and physical education teacher until 1989. In 1989, shortly after setting off on a sailing trip to Polynesia he shipwrecked on Budelli, a tiny (1.6km²) island in the Strait of Bonifacio between Sardinia and Corsica, well-known for its pink-sanded beach. Fascinated by the beauty of the island, he decided to leave his old life behind and settle permanently on the island, taking over the role of the previous hermit-caretaker who was about to retire. He lived for 32 years alone on the island, in a house made of coral, shells and granite that he heated with a simple fireplace. He took care of the flora and fauna on the island, cleaned the beaches, and educated tourists about the island's ecosystem.

He was forced to leave the island in 2021 by the Italian authorities because he had made "some changes to his residence without a permit." A petition to let him stay on the island garnered over 7000 signatures, but the authorities' decision stood. Morandi moved to the nearby island La Maddalena, where he lived a modest life in a small apartment. He wanted to keep the beauty of the island for himself, but came to realize that sharing it could contribute to make others "aware of the value of nature." With the help of a smartphone he was given, he became a source of inspiration through social media and had over 66000 followers on Instagram.

After a fall in the summer of 2024, Morandi went to a nursing home in Sassari, and later moved to his hometown Modena. His health continued to deteriorate, and Morandi died there on 3 January 2025, at the age of 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mauro Morandi
- **birth place**: Modena, Italy
- **death place**: Modena, Italy
- **residence**: Budelli (1989-2001)
- **nationality**: Italian
Allobates sumtuosus

***Allobates sumtuosus*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, and Peru. Scientists think it could also live in Colombia.

## Home

People see this frog in forests and on the sides of hills.  Scientists have seen the frog between 90 and 100 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog inside protected parks in Peru, Suriname, Brazil, and other countries, for example Mabura Hill Forest Reserve in Guyana and Sipaliwini Nature Reserve in Suriname. There are more protected parks in the place where the frog lives: Estação Ecológica do Grão Pará, Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Floresta do Parú, Reserva Biológica do Rio do Trombetas, Reserva Biológica de Maicurú, Floresta de Faro, and Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, and scientists think it could live in these parks too.

## Young

The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. She lays 5-11 eggs at a time. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water. Scientists think the female frog might carry tadpoles too, but they are not sure.  The tadpoles swim in small pools of water. Sometimes the adult frogs put the tadpoles in foam nests.

## Danger

Scientists from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, humans cut down trees to get wood to build with, and this causes some problems for the frog.
Cadillac CT5

The **Cadillac CT5** is a mid-size luxury sedan made by Cadillac since 2019 it replaced the Cadillac CTS.

## History and Features

The Cadillac CT5 was revealed at the New York Auto Show in 2019. and was put on sale in the end of 2019 it has a fastback design and the CT5 has a 2.0 liter turbo engine with a 10-speed automatic transmission.

The CT5-V a performance version that replaced the CTS-V and the XTS-V was revealed in May 30 2019. it has a 3.0 liter twin turbo engine with 360 hp another performance version called the CT5 Blackwing was announced in the start of 2021 as a 2022 model the version is considered by some people a spiritual sucessor of the Cadillac CTS-V. it has a 6.2 liter supercharged V8 engine that has 668 hp and a 6-speed manual transmission the CT5 received a facelift in 2023.

## Markets

The Cadillac CT5 is sold mainly in North America but its also sold in China South Korea and Middle East.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Cadillac CT5
- **image**: 2021 Cadillac CT5-V, Front Right 2, 11-21-2021.jpg
- **caption**: '21 CT5-V
- **manufacturer**: General Motors
- **production**: November 2019–present
- **model years**: 2020–present
- **designer**: Josh Thurber Henri Kavaja
- **class**: Mid-size luxury car
- **body style**: 4-door sedan (car), sedan
- **platform**: GM Alpha platform, GM Alpha 2
- **layout**: Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, FR layout / Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout, F4 layout
FMR layout (V-Blackwing)
- **weight**: (Luxury RWD)
Cadillac GT4

The **Cadillac GT4** is a compact luxury Crossover SUV made by Cadillac since 2023.

## History and Features

The Cadillac GT4 was first revealed in May 2023. and launched in 2023 it is produced by SAIC-GM a joint venture between SAIC Motor and General Motors its also the first Cadillac model made mainly for China the car has a 1.5 liter turbo and 2.0 liter turbo gasoline engines with a 9-speed automatic transmission both versions of the GT4 operate a hybrid system.

## Markets

The Cadillac GT4 is the first Cadillac car made mainly for the Chinese market and is sold only there.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Cadillac GT4
- **image**: CADILLAC GT4 China (5).jpg
- **manufacturer**: SAIC-GM
- **production**: 2023–present
- **assembly**: China: Yantai, Shandong (SAIC-GM)
- **class**: Compact luxury crossover SUV
- **body style**: 5-door SUV
- **drivetrain**: Mild hybrid, MHEV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive or Front-engine, all-wheel-drive, all-wheel-drive
- **platform**: GM Epsilon platform#E2XX, E2XX platform
- **transmission**: 9-speed _GM 9T50 transmission, 9T50_ automatic
Model year

In the US and Canada, cars are identified by **model year** (MY), unlike other countries that use production dates or codes. "MY" often precedes the year (e.g., MY2019). The new model year usually starts in August or September of the previous year, but can be earlier.

This practice began in the 1920s with yearly styling updates to encourage new car purchases. In the mid-1930s, this was standardized to stabilize auto industry employment. Regulations allow selling the next model year as early as January 2nd of the previous year. Recreational vehicles have even more leeway, allowing a model year up to two years before manufacturing.
Chevrolet Spin

The **Chevrolet Spin** is a mini MPV made by Chevrolet since 2012 it replaced the Chevrolet Meriva and the Chevrolet Zafira.

## History and Features

The Chevrolet Spin was entirely developed and engineered entirely on Brazil. during the development it was known as the PM5/PM7 project. it uses the platform of the Brazilian version of the Chevrolet Cobalt and was made to replace both The Chevrolet Meriva and the Chevrolet Zafira.

The Spin was revealed in June 2012 in Brazil. and has two-row and three-row seating versions and has a 1.2 liter (offered in Indonesia only) 1.5 liter (avaliable in southeast asia only) gasoline engines a 1.8 liter flex engine and a 1.3 diesel engine with a 5-speed manual transmission and a 6-speed automatic transmission the Spin received a facelift in 2018.  and a second facelift in 2024.

## Markets

The Chevrolet Spin is sold mainly in Brazil but is also sold in other South American countries like Argentina in Indonesia it was sold and produced locally there in Bekasi from 2013 to 2015 it was sold also in Philipines and Thailand however the plant in Indonesia cloaed in 2015. and the last spin was sold in 2016.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Chevrolet Spin
- **image**: 2013 Chevrolet Spin 1.5 LTZ (20190616).jpg
- **caption**: 2013 Chevrolet Spin 1.5 LTZ (Indonesia)
- **manufacturer**: General Motors
- **production**: June 2012 – present (Brazil)
February 2013 – June 2015 (Indonesia)
- **assembly**: Brazil: São Caetano do Sul (GM do Brasil)
Indonesia: Bekasi, Bekasi, West Java (GM Indonesia)
- **designer**: Matt Noone (exterior)
Dagoberto Tribia (interior)
- **class**: Mini MPV
- **body style**: 5-door Station wagon, wagon
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **platform**: GM Gamma platform, GM Gamma II platform
- **related**: Chevrolet Cobalt#Second generation (2011), Chevrolet Cobalt
- **transmission**: 5-speed _GM F17_ Manual transmission, manual
6-speed _GM 6T30_ Automatic transmission, automatic
6-speed _GM GF6_ automatic (1.8)
Spaghetti alla puttanesca

**Spaghetti alla puttanesca** is a pasta dish made with tomatoes, olives, capers, anchovies, garlic, pepperoncini and olive oil. It was invented in Naples in the mid-20th century.
Caroline Munro

**Caroline Jane Munro** (born 16 January 1949) is an English actress, model and singer known for her many appearances in horror, science fiction and action films of the 1970s and 1980s.
Mountainside, New Jersey

**Mountainside** is a borough in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 census, 7,020 people lived here.
Swiss lemonade

**Swiss lemonade**, **limonada suíça** or **Brazilian lemonade** is a type of Brazilian limeade. It is made of lime pieces with peel, ice cubes, sugar, and water. The ingredients are usually beaten together in a blender and then strained. There are several versions of this drink, including one with condensed milk ().

The word lemonade is used since lime is known as **Tahitian lemon** () in Brazil.