juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Piet van der Sanden

**Petrus Joannes Antonius** "**Piet**" **van der Sanden** (11 November 1924 – 18 January 2015) was a Dutch politician and journalist. He was a member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands between 1971 and 1972 and again from 1973 to 1989 for the Catholic People's Party and later the Christian Democratic Appeal. He also served a stint as member of the European Parliament between 1973 and 1974.

Piet van der Sanden was born in Gouda, South Holland. He died on 18 January 2015 in The Hague, South Holland, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Parlement.com biography
Venette

**Venette** is a village in Picardie, in the northern part of France. There are about 2,700 people living there. It is next to Compiègne.

The village has a long history going back to the 14th century.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **name**: Venette
- **mayor**: Renza Fresch
- **elevation min m**: 31
- **elevation max m**: 86
- **elevation m**: 34
- **caption**: The town hall in Venette
- **image**: Venette (60), mairie, rue de la République 2.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Compiègne
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **postal code**: 60280
- **insee**: 60665
- **intercommunality**: Région de Compiègne
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Venette.svg
Compiègne

**Compiègne** is a commune in the Oise department, in Picardy. It is also one of its sub-prefectures. The history of the city goes back to Roman times. In those times, there was a river crossing of the Oise River. The river was called Isara at the time. On the outskirts of the modern city, roman houses (villae) were found. Today, about 40.000 people live in the city and about 97.000 in its urban area.
Sandslåns SK

**Sandslåns SK** is a now non-active sports club in Sandslån in Sweden. The club was established in 1927. It was known as the "bandy pride of Ångermanland". The club was also nicknamed _Timmerkusarna_. In 1950 the bandy team reached the Norrland Championship final. They lost the final to Haparandapojkarna. The bandy team played its home games at Flottarvallen.

The bandy team played in the Swedish top division in the seasons of 1961 and 1975-1976. In the 1977-1978 season Anders Wedin when playing for the club became the Swedish second division topscorer.

The club has even played once in the World Cup.

The soccer team played in the Swedish third division in 1962.

In 1949 the junior soccer team won the district championship.

For a short time during the early 1950s the club even ran ice hockey activity.

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Sandslåns SK
- **full name**: Sandslåns sportklubb
- **nicknames**: SSK
- **sport**: association football
bandy
ice hockey
- **ballpark**: Flottarvallen
- **city**: Sandslån, Sweden
Accipitriformes

**Accipitriformes** is an order which includes most of the diurnal birds of prey: hawks, eagles, vultures, and many others, about 225 species in all.

For a long time, the majority view was to include them with the falcons in the Falconiformes. However, a recent DNA study has shown that falcons are not closely related to the Accipitriformes. Instead, they are related to parrots and passerines.

Since then putting the falcons next to the parrots in taxonomic order has been adopted by most ornithologists. The DNA-based proposal includes the New World vultures in the Accipitriformes, but the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) classifies the New World vultures as a separate order, the Cathartiformes.
Mullsjö Mission Covenant Church

The **Mullsjö Mission Covenant Church** () is a church building in Mullsjö in Sweden. It belongs to both the Uniting Church in Sweden and the Swedish Alliance Mission. The current building was opened in 1992. It replaced an older building which had been there since 1922.

## Other websites

- Mullsjö Mission Covenant Congregation

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Mullsjö Mission Covenant Church
- **native name**: Mullsjö missionskyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **location**: Mullsjö
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Uniting Church in Sweden
Swedish Alliance Mission
- **previous denomination**: Mission Covenant Church of Sweden
- **consecrated date**: 1992
- **parish**: Mullsjö Mission Covenant Congregation, Mullsjö
Harrier

**Harriers** are species of diurnal hawks. They are birds of prey.  Harriers usually hunt by flying low over open ground, feeding on small mammals, reptiles, or birds.  The young of the species are sometimes referred to as ring-tail harriers.

## Details

Most harriers are placed in the genus _Circus_. This scientific name comes from the circling movements the birds make when courting.

Two other harriers are in the genus _Polyboroides_, the _harrier-hawks_, which are allopatric (geographically separated) and restricted to the Afrotropic ecozone.  The remaining single species forms the  genus _Geranospiza_.

### Ring-tails

_Ring-tail_ is an informal term used by birders for the juveniles and females of several harrier species. If seen in the field the exact species usually cannot be known.  Ring-tail harriers include the juveniles and females of Montagu's harrier (_Circus pygargus_); Northern or hen harrier (_Circus cyaneus_); and pallid harrier (_Circus macrourus_).

## Other websites

- Harrier videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
- Harrier videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Gustaf Adolf Church

The **Gustaf Adolf Church** () is a church building in the Gustav Adolf Park at Östermalm in Stockholm in Sweden. The church belongs to the Oscar Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated on 6 November 1892 by bishop Gottfrid Billing.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Gustaf Adolf Church
- **native name**: Gustaf Adolfskyrkan
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Gustaf Adolfskyrkan 2010.JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: The Gustaf Adolf Church in October 2010
- **location**: Östermalm
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **parish**: Oscar Parish, Oscar
- **diocese**: Diocese of Stockholm (Church of Sweden), Stockholm
Hjorthagen Church

The **Hjorthagen Church** () is a church building at Dianavägen at Hjorthagen in Stockholm in Sweden. It belongs to the Engelbrekt Parish of the Church of Sweden. Construction began in 1907. The church was inaugurated on 25 March 1909 by archbishop Johan August Ekman.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Hjorthagen Church
- **native name**: Hjorthagens kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Hjorthagens kyrka Stockholm gavel entre 20060401.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: The Hjorthagen Church in April 2006
- **location**: Hjorthagen
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **architect**: Carl Bergsten
- **parish**: Engelbrekt Parish, Engelbrekt
- **diocese**: Diocese of Stockholm (Church of Sweden),  Stockholm
Kungsholmen Church

The **Kungsholmen Church** () or the **Ulrika Eleonora Church** () is a church building at Bergsgatan on the island of Kungsholmen in Stockholm in Sweden. The church belongs to the Västermalm Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated on 2 December 1688 (Old Style).

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Kungsholmen Church
- **other name**: Ulrika Eleonora Church
- **native name**: Kungsholmens kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Kungsholms kyrka February 2015 01.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Kungsholmen Church in February 2015
- **location**: Kungsholmen
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **consecrated date**: }
- **parish**: Västermalm Parish, Västermalm
- **diocese**: Diocese of Stockholm (Church of Sweden),  Stockholm
Saint Nicholas Church, Örebro

The **Saint Nicholas Church** () or the **Nicholas Church** () is a church building in central Örebro, Sweden. It was originally called the **Örebro Church** () because it was the only Church of Sweden church building in town until the early 20th century. It belongs to the Örebro Nicholas Parish of the Church of Sweden. Construction began in the late 13th century. The church is supposed to have been completed by the mid 14th century.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Saint Nicholas Church
- **other name**: Nicholas Church
- **native name**: Sankt Nikolai kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Sankt Nicolai kyrka May 2014.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Saint Nicholas Church in May 2014
- **location**: Örebro
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **former name**: Örebro Church
- **parish**: Örebro Nicholas Parish, Örebro Nicholas
- **diocese**: Diocese of Strängnäs, Strängnäs
Timrå Church

The **Timrå Church** () is a church building in Östrand in Timrå in Sweden. It belongs to the Timrå Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was inaugurated on 16 October 1796.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Timrå Church
- **native name**: Timrå kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Timrå kyrka ext2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Timrå Church in October 2011
- **location**: Östrand, Timrå
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **parish**: Timrå Parish, Timrå
- **diocese**: Diocese of Härnösand, Härnösand
Stöde Church

The **Stöde Church** () is a church building in Stöde in Sweden. It belongs to the Stöde Parish of the Church of Sweden. Construction begun in 1757. The church was completed in 1759.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Stöde Church
- **native name**: Stöde kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Stöde kyrka 2006-07-12.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Stöde Church in July 2006
- **location**: Stöde
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **parish**: Stöde Parish, Stöde
- **diocese**: Diocese of Härnösand, Härnösand
Njurunda Church

The **Njurunda Church** () is a church building in Njurundabommen in Sweden. It belongs to the Njurunda Parish of the Church of Sweden. The church was opened on 13 April 1865 by bishop Anders Fredrik Beckman.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Njurunda Church
- **native name**: Njurunda kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Njurunda kyrka01.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Njurunda Church in June 2006
- **location**: Njurundabommen
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **parish**: Njurunda Parish, Njurunda
- **diocese**: Diocese of Härnösand, Härnösand
Malung Church

The **Malung Church** () is a church building in Malung, Sweden. Belonging to the Malung Parish of the Church of Sweden, it is supposed to have been built in 1365.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Malung Church
- **native name**: Malungs kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **image**: Malungskyrka2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Malung Church in September 2008
- **location**: Malung
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **parish**: Malung Parish, Malung
- **diocese**: Diocese of Västerås, Västerås
Web resource

A **web resource** is anything that can be obtained from the World Wide Web. Some examples are web pages, e-mail, information from databases, and web services. Web resources have changed since the Internet was first created. The early concept was of static (non moving) files or documents. The meaning of the term now has a wider use to include nearly everything that can be obtained via the Internet. Uniform resource locators or URLs, are used to identify a resource on the web.
Hälleforsnäs IF

**Hälleforsnäs IF** is a sports club in Hälleforsnäs in Sweden. The club was once known for its bandy successes. Now the club now plays floorball and soccer. The club was established in 1925. The club and played 21 seasons in the Swedish men's bandy top division. The men's bandy team reached the semifinals during the season of 1978-1979. They lost the semifinal game series to Brobergs IF.

On 30 August 2005 it was announced that the bandy activity would be disestablished.

## Other wesbties

- Floorball section
- Soccer section

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Hälleforsnäs IF
- **full name**: Hälleforsnäs idrottsförening
- **nicknames**: Brukets blå
- **sport**: association football, soccer
bandy (1925-2005)
floorball
- **ballpark**: Edströmsvallen
- **city**: Hälleforsnäs, Sweden
Lesjöfors IF

**Lesjöfors IF** is a sports club in Lesjöfors in Sweden. The club was established in 1924 as a soccer and Nordic skiing club. It adopted the game of bandy by the late 1920s. The men's bandy team played 21 seasons in the Swedish bandy top division.

## Other websites

- Official websites
- Lesjöfors IF at the Swedish Football Association's website

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Lesjöfors IF
- **full name**: Lesjöfors idrottsförening
- **nicknames**: Bandybaronerna
- **sport**: association football, soccer
bandy
field hockey (earlier)
Nordic skiing (earlier)
- **ballpark**: Stålvallen
- **city**: Lesjöfors, Sweden
Radio Hall of Fame

The **National Radio Hall of Fame** is a museum dedicated to those who have helped he development of the radio medium throughout its history in the United States.  The Hall of Fame is housed in a wing of the Museum of Broadcast Communications building in Chicago, Illinois.
Honor killing

An **honor killing** is a member of a family being killed by other members, because of the killers feeling that the victim has brought shame on the family. Reasons a woman could be targeted include refusing to enter an arranged marriage, having sex outside marriage, and being a victim of rape. Honor killings are associated with the Middle East and South Asia. They also happen in countries that have immigrants from those places. Murder is not the only honor crime. Acid attacks and beating are also done for the same reasons as honor killings. Victims of honor killings are mostly young women.

In at least one European country, one of its largest NGOs has a help line in regard to honor-related violence.
Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

The **Order of the White Eagle** () is Poland's highest decoration awarded to both civilians and the military for their service. It was officially created on 1 November 1705 by Augustus II the Strong. It was given to eight of his closest, diplomatic and political supporters.

It is awarded to the most respected Poles and the highest-ranking representatives of foreign countries. The Order of the White Eagle is attached to a blue ribbon hung over the left shoulder to the right side. The star of the Order, once sown, is worn on the left side of the chest.
Obstetric fistula

An **obstetric fistula** is an unwanted hole in a woman's body that was caused by having a baby.  It can happen when having the baby is difficult, especially if the mother does not receive good medical care.  The hole can go from the vagina to the bladder or from the vagina to the bowel.  A surgeon can fix the hole with surgery.
Jensen Ackles

**Jensen Ross Ackles** (born March 1, 1978) is an American television actor. He is best known for his role as Dean Winchester in the television series _Supernatural_ (2005–present). He has also appeared in other television shows such as _Days of Our Lives_, _Dark Angel_ and _Smallville_.

Ackles was born in Dallas, Texas. He is the son of Alan Ackles, also an actor. He has been married to Danneel Ackles since 2010. The couple have three children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jensen Ackles
- **image**: Jensen Ackles (35444313103).jpg
- **caption**: Ackles at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: Jensen Ross Ackles
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **known for**: Supernatural TV Series, The Boys TV Series, etc.
- **height**: 6ft 0 (182.9 cm)
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor, director
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **children**: Justice Jay 'JJ' Ackles, Zeppelin Bram, and Arrow Rhodes. The 2 youngest are twins.
Ice Ice Baby

**"Ice Ice Baby"** is a hip hop single performed by Vanilla Ice. It samples the 1981 song "Under Pressure" by Queen and David Bowie. It appeared on his 1989 studio album _Hooked_. It later appeared on his other album _To the Extreme_.

"Ice Ice Baby" was first released as the B-side to a cover version of "Play That Funky Music". The original version of "Play That Funky Music" was a well-liked and popular song with the listening audiences. The cover version was not liked much, so the single was not selling well. But a disc jockey decided to play "Ice Ice Baby" instead of the single's A-side. Once the public heard this song, it became more successful than "Play That Funky Music".

The song hit #1 on _Billboard_ Hot 100.
Two Wives

***Two Wives*** is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Melodrama, Family, Romance (love), Romance
- **writer**: Ruel S. Bayani
- **director**: FM Reyes
 Richard Arellano
- **starring**: Kaye Abad
 Jason Abalos
 Erich Gonzales
 Patrick Garcia
- **opentheme**: _Anong Nangyari Sa Ating Dalawa?_
 by Morissette
- **country**: Philippines
- **language**: Filipino language, Filipino, English language, English
- **num episodes**: 110
- **executive producer**: Katrina Juban
- **producer**: Rizza Gonzales Ebriega
- **location**: Philippines
- **runtime**: 30-45 minutes
- **channel**: ABS-CBN
Pro tempore

***Pro tempore*** (abbreviated ***pro tem*** or ***p.t.***) is a Latin phrase which means "for the time being" in English.  This phrase is often used to describe a person who temporarily acts in place of an elected or appointed official. Should the official, a mayor for example, be absent or unavailable for any reason, the pro tempore becomes the acting official (acting mayor in this case). The president pro tempore of the United States Senate has been elected by the Senate since it began 1789. In academic use a professor pro tempore is usually a temporary position. In legal use a judge pro tempore is often an attorney who has been temporarily appointed by a judge. It is also found as a phrase in many kinds of documents to simply mean "for the time being."
Restriction enzyme

A **restriction enzyme** is an enzyme that cuts DNA at particular places. It works at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as "restriction sites".  To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each strand of the DNA double helix.

These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and defend them against invading viruses, which are bacteriophages.

Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up _foreign_ DNA in a process called _restriction_. The host DNA is protected by another enzyme which protects the host DNA and blocks cleavage. Together, these two processes are the **restriction modification system**. It is the earliest and simplest immune system. They are also a kind of selfish, mobile genetic element.

Over 3000 restriction enzymes have been studied in detail, and more than 600 of these are available commercially. These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in laboratories, and are a vital tool in molecular cloning.

## Origins

Restriction enzymes probably evolved from a common ancestor and became widespread by horizontal gene transfer. In addition, there is growing evidence that restriction endonucleases evolved as a selfish genetic element.

## Related pages

- Zinc finger
- Gene editing
- CRISPR
Population control in Singapore

**Population control in Singapore** had two distinct phases. First, to slow and reverse the boom in births that started after World War II. Second, from the 1980s, to encourage parents to have more children because numbers had fallen below replacement levels.

In the 1960s and 1970s, The Family Planning and Population Board (FPPB) was set up. At first it favoured small families, and later ran the Stop at Two programme. This pushed for small two-children families and promoted sterilisation.

As birthrates fell, so the government introduced a policy that encouraged having three or more children.

## Related pages

- Family planning
- Contraception
- Overpopulation
Selfish DNA

**Selfish DNA** is a term for sequences of DNA that have two properties:
- the DNA sequence spreads by forming more copies of itself in the genome; and
- it does not help the reproductive success of its host organism. It may or may not have negative effects.

In his 1976 book, _The Selfish Gene_, Richard Dawkins suggested the idea of selfish DNA when the noncoding DNA in eukaryotic genomes was discovered. In 1980, two articles in the journal _Nature_ expanded and discussed the concept. According to one of these articles:

Normal genetically functional DNA might be seen as "replicating entities" that effect their replication by manipulating the cell that they control. In contrast, units of selfish DNA  may exploit existing mechanisms in the cell, and multiply without affecting the fitness of the organism in other respects.

There is no sharp boundary between the concepts of selfish DNA and genetically functional DNA. Often it also is difficult to see if a unit of noncoding DNA is functionally important or not; or if important, in what way. What is more, it is not always easy to distinguish between some instances of selfish DNA and some types of viruses.

## History of the idea

The idea that some genetic elements might not be useful to the organism is not a new one. In 1928, a Russian geneticist reported an X chromosome in _Drosophila obscura_. He claimed that the resulting female-biased sex ratio might drive a population extinct.

In 1941 it was first suggested that there might be a conflict between normal inherited nuclear genes from both parents and  mitochondrial genes from one parent (the female). It could lead to cytoplasmic male sterility in plants.

Around the same time, several other examples of selfish genetic elements were reported. For example, a maize geneticist described how chromosomal knobs led to female meiotic drive in maize. Meiotic drive is when one copy of a gene is passed on to offspring more than the expected 50% of the time.

The Swedish botanist and cytogeneticist Gunnar Östergren in 1945 noted how chromosomes may spread in a population because of their own ”parasitic” nature. Discussing B chromosomes in plants he wrote: ”In many cases these chromosomes have no useful function at all to the species carrying them, but that they often lead an exclusively parasitic existence … [B chromosomes] need not be useful for the plants. They need only be useful to themselves.” - Gunnar Östergren.

Then, in the early 1950s, Barbara McClintock published a series of papers describing the existence of "transposable elements". These are among the most successful selfish genetic elements. The discovery of transposable elements led to her being awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1983.
Jack Stewart (ice hockey)

**John Sherratt "Black Jack" Stewart** (May 6, 1917 – May 25, 1983) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Blackhawks. He is in the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Mullsjö, Nordmaling Municipality

**Mullsjö** is a minor locality in Nordmaling Municipality, Sweden. In 2010, 76 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mullsjö
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Nordmaling Municipality, Nordmaling
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västerbotten County, Västerbotten
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ångermanland
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 76
- **population density km2**: 2.11
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Bruksvallsloppet

**Bruksvallsloppet** is an international cross-country skiing event, held in Bruksvallarna, Sweden over a Friday-Sunday in November every year. The event acts as FIS World Cup preselection. The competitions are international. During some seasons the event is the final before the World Cup opens. During other seasons, the event instead occurs between World Cupe events. This depends on if the FIS World Cup starts by late October, or if it begins by mid-late November.

In Sweden, the event is generally considered the first major competition of the season.

## Other websites

- Official website
Olsfors

**Olsfors** is a locality in Bollebygd Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 623 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Olsfors
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Bollebygd Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västra Götaland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Västergötland
- **area total km2**: 0.56
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 623
- **population density km2**: 1113
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Orrefors

**Orrefors** is a locality in Nybro Municipality in Kalmar County in Sweden. In 2010, 719 people lived there 2010. The Orrefors glassworks are located there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Orrefors
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Nybro Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kalmar County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 1.23
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 719
- **population density km2**: 584
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Blomstermåla

**Blomstermåla** is a locality in Mönsterås Municipality in Kalmar County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,527 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Blomstermåla
- **image skyline**: Blomstermala station.JPG
- **image caption**: Blomstermåla Train Station
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Mönsterås Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kalmar County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 2.53
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,527
- **population density km2**: 603
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Kode

**Kode** is a locality in Kungälv Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,380 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kode
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Kungälv Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västra Götaland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Bohuslän
- **area total km2**: 1.27
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,380
- **population density km2**: 1084
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
100 Things to Do Before High School

***100 Things to Do Before High School*** is an American sitcom that aired on Nickelodeon from November 11, 2014 to February 27, 2016. It is created by Scott Fellows who also created _Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide_ and _Big Time Rush_. It stars Isabela Moner, Jaheem Toombs and Owen Joyner.

## Cast

- Isabela Moner as CJ
- Jaheem King Toombs as Fenwick
- Owen Joyner as Crispo

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Teen situation comedy, sitcom
- **creator**: Scott Fellows
- **writer**: Scott Fellows
- **starring**: Isabela Moner
Jaheem King Toombs
Oewn Joyner
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 25
- **executive producer**: Scott Fellows
- **camera**: Single-camera
- **runtime**: 21-23 minutes
- **company**: Nickelodeon
- **network**: Nickelodeon
Marco Minghetti

**Marco Minghetti** (November 18, 1818 - December 10, 1886) was an Italian economist and statesman.

## Biography

Minghetti was born at Bologna into a family of rich landowners. In March 1848 Pope Pius IX offered to him the post of minister in the first constitutional government of the Papal States. However, on 29 April 1848, after the speech with which Pius IX announced the withdrawal of the papal army from the front of the first italian war of independence, Minghetti resigned.

Member of the "Historical Right", he was Minister of the Interior in the governments led by Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour and Bettino Ricasoli. He was also Minister of the Treasury in the government led by Luigi Carlo Farini. He was twice Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy: from 24 March 1863 to 28 September 1864 and from 10 July 1873 to 25 March 1876.

In 1864 Minghetti signed the "Convention of September" with France: with this document, Italy renounced in Rome and moved the capital from Turin to Florence. There were many protests against this agreement and consequently Minghetti was forced to resign. During his second experience as President, Minghetti raised taxes to achieve a balanced budget. He was able to accomplish this, but there were protests against his tax policy and was forced to resign for the second time.

Minghetti was the last president of the "Historic Right": after him began the period of the "Historical Left", that remained in power until Francesco Crispi.

He died in Rome.
Roots Hall

**Roots Hall** is where Southend United play their home matches. It is near Southend Hospital and Southend High School for Boys (SHSB). It has one of the largest attendance in League 1.
Alexis Tsipras

**Alexis Tsipras** (, ; born 28 July 1974) is a Greek politician. He served as the Leader of the Opposition from 2019 to 2023. He has been a member of Syriza since 2013. He was Prime Minister of Greece from 2015 to 2019.

Tsipras is a member of the Syriza party, and is a democratic socialist. A major issue of his term has been dealing with the Greek debt crisis.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alexis Tsipras
- **image**: Alexis Tsipras MSC 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Leader of the Opposition (Greece), Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister**: Kyriakos Mitsotakis
- **term start**: 8 July 2019
- **term end**: 29 June 2023
- **predecessor**: Kyriakos Mitsotakis
- **successor**: Sokratis Famellos
- **primeminister1**: Antonis Samaras
- **term start1**: 20 June 2012
- **term end1**: 26 January 2015
- **predecessor1**: Antonis Samaras
- **successor1**: Antonis Samaras
- **office2**: Prime Minister of Greece
- **president2**: Prokopis Pavlopoulos
- **deputy2**: Yannis Dragasakis
- **term start2**: 21 September 2015
- **term end2**: 8 July 2019
- **predecessor2**: Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou
- **successor2**: Kyriakos Mitsotakis
- **president3**: Karolos Papoulias
Prokopis Pavlopoulos
- **deputy3**: Yannis Dragasakis
- **term start3**: 26 January 2015
- **term end3**: 27 August 2015
- **predecessor3**: Antonis Samaras
- **successor3**: Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou
- **office4**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **term start4**: 20 October 2018
- **term end4**: 15 February 2019
- **predecessor4**: Nikos Kotzias
- **successor4**: Georgios Katrougalos
- **office5**: Leader of Syriza
- **term start5**: 7 September 2009
- **term end5**: 29 June 2023
- **predecessor5**: Alekos Alavanos
- **successor5**: Stefanos Kasselakis
- **party**: Communist Party of Greece, Communist Party (before 1991)
Synaspismos (1991–2013)
Syriza (2013–)
- **otherparty**: Party of the European Left
- **birth place**: Athens, Greece
- **partner**: Peristera Baziana
- **children**: 2
- **education**: National Technical University of Athens
- **signature**: Alexis Tsipras Signature (Greece prime minister).svg
- **caption**: Tsipras in 2019
Chuck Locke

**Charles Edward Locke** (May 5, 1932 - January 9, 2015) was an American professional baseball player. Locke was a right-handed pitcher. He only played for the Baltimore Orioles in 1955. He was born in Malden, Missouri.

Locke died in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, aged 82.

## Other websites

- Obituary

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Chuck Locke
- **position**: Pitcher (baseball), Pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Malden, Missouri
- **death place**: Poplar Bluff, Missouri
- **debutdate**: September 16
- **debutyear**: 1955
- **debutteam**: Baltimore Orioles
- **finaldate**: September 23
- **finalyear**: 1955
- **finalteam**: Baltimore Orioles
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 0–0
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 0.00
- **stat3label**: Inning (baseball), Innings
- **stat3value**: 3
- **teams**: *Baltimore Orioles (1955)
Andrew Benson

**Andrew Alm Benson** (September 24, 1917 – January 16, 2015) was an American biologist and a professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego until his retirement in 1989. He was known for his work in understanding the carbon cycle in plants.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Andrew A. Benson
- **image**: Dr Andrew Benson 2007.jpg
- **caption**: Andrew Benson
- **birth place**: Modesto, California
- **death date**: January 16, 2015 (age 97)
- **death place**: La Jolla, California
- **field**: Biochemistry
- **work institutions**: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- **prizes**: Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award (1962)
Dacia Valent

**Dacia Soraya Valent** (12 February 1963 - 22 January 2015) was a Somali-born Italian politician. She was a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 through 1994. She was born in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Valent died in Rome, Italy from a heart attack, aged 51.

## Other websites

- Official blog
- Dacia Valent profile from the European Parliament Website
Nick Koback

**Nicholas Nicholie "Nick" Koback** (July 19, 1935 – January 23, 2015) was a Polish-American professional baseball player. His career spanned eight seasons, three of which were spent with the Major League Baseball (MLB) Pittsburgh Pirates from 1953 through 1955.

Koback died January 23, 2015 in Hartford, Connecticut, aged 79.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Nick Koback
- **image**: Nick_Koback.jpg
- **caption**: Koback as a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates
- **position**: Catcher
- **birth place**: Hartford, Connecticut
- **death place**: Hartford, Connecticut
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **debutdate**: July 29
- **debutyear**: 1953
- **debutteam**: Pittsburgh Pirates
- **finaldate**: July 4
- **finalyear**: 1955
- **finalteam**: Pittsburgh Pirates
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .121
- **stat2label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat2value**: 4
- **teams**: *Pittsburgh Pirates (–)
Link Byfield

**Eric Linkord** "**Link**" **Byfield** (December 5, 1951 – January 24, 2015) was a Canadian news columnist, author and politician. Byfield was editor and publisher for the _Alberta Report_ magazine for eighteen years. Byfield helped found the Wildrose Party of Alberta in 2007. Byfield founded the Citizens Centre for Freedom and Democracy.

On January 24, 2015, Byfield died of liver and esophageal cancer, aged 63, in the Sturgeon Community Hospital in St. Albert, Alberta.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Link Byfield
- **birthname**: Eric Linkord Byfield
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: St. Albert, Alberta, Canada
- **spouse**: Joanne Byfield
- **children**: 4
- **profession**: Publisher
Columnist
Author
Alberta Senate nominee election, 2004, 2004 Senator Nominee
- **party**: Wildrose Alliance Party of Alberta, Wildrose Alliance (20082015)
Wildrose Party of Alberta (2007)
Independent (20042006)
- **blank1**: Awards
- **data1**: Alberta Centennial Medal 2005
Demis Roussos

**Artemios** "**Demis**" **Ventouris Roussos** (,  15 June 1946 – 25 January 2015) was an Egyptian-born Greek singer and performer. He had international hit records as a solo performer in the 1970s after having been a member of Aphrodite's Child.

He sold over 60 million albums worldwide and became "an unlikely kaftan-wearing sex symbol".

Roussos died in Athens, Greece, aged 68.

## Other websites

- Fan club
- Official Demis Roussos Fan Club on Facebook

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Demis Roussos
- **image**: Demis Roussos in Baku 2-cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Roussos in Baku, 2013
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Artemios Ventouris Roussos
- **birth place**: Alexandria, Egypt
- **death place**: Athens, Greece
- **instrument**: Fender Precision Bass
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, world music, pop-folk, soft rock, progressive rock
- **occupation**: Vocalist, bass guitarist, guitarist, trumpeter
- **years active**: 1963–2015
- **associated acts**: Aphrodite's Child, Vangelis, The Idols
Bill Monbouquette

**William Charles Monbouquette** (August 11, 1936 – January 25, 2015) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox (1958–1965), Detroit Tigers (1966–1967), New York Yankees (1967–1968), and the San Francisco Giants (1968). He was born in Medford, Massachusetts.

Monbouquette died on January 25, 2015 in Gloucester, Massachusetts, aged 78.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Bill Monbouquette
- **image**: Bill Monbouquette 1967.jpg
- **caption**: Monbouquette in 1967
- **position**: Pitcher (baseball), Pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Medford, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Gloucester, Massachusetts
- **debutdate**: July 18
- **debutyear**: 1958
- **debutteam**: Boston Red Sox
- **finaldate**: September 3
- **finalyear**: 1968
- **finalteam**: San Francisco Giants
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 114–112
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 3.68
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 1,122
- **teams**: * Boston Red Sox (–)
* Detroit Tigers (–)
* New York Yankees (–)
* San Francisco Giants ()
- **highlights**: * 4× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), 1960, 1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), 1960², 1962 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), 1962, 1963 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1963)
* Pitched a no-hitter on August 1, 1962
Medford, Massachusetts

**Medford** is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States, on the Mystic River. It is five miles northwest of downtown Boston. In the 2020 U.S. Census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is the home of Tufts University.
Malden, Missouri

**Malden** is a city in the northeast corner of Dunklin County, Missouri, United States. It is  located near the intersection of Missouri Route 25 and U.S. Route 62. The population was 3,706 at the 2020 census.
Lee Spick

**Lee Spick** (25 April 1980 – 26 January 2015) was an English professional snooker player. A former English under-15 champion, he reached the last 48 of ranking events on five occasions, including twice in the World Championship. He was born in Mansfield, England.

Spick on 26 January 2015 from liver disease, aged 34.
R. K. Laxman

**Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Laxman** (24 October 1921 – 26 January 2015) was an Indian cartoonist, writer, illustrator, and humorist. He was best known for his creation _The Common Man_. It was for his daily cartoon strip, "You Said It" in _The Times of India_. It started in 1951.

Laxman died from multiple organ failure caused by a urinary tract infection in Pune, Maharashtra, India, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Laxman's-eye view  Frontline Magazine – 18–31 July 1998

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: R.K.Laxman
- **image**: R. K. Laxman.jpg
- **birth place**: Mysore, India
- **death place**: Pune, Maharashtra, India
- **occupation**: Cartoonist, Illustrator
- **family**: R. K. Narayan (brother)
- **signature**: Signature of R. K. Laxman.svg
- **spouse**: Kamala
- **awards**: Padma Bhushan, Ramon Magsaysay Award, Ramon Magsaysay, Padma Vibhushan
- **known for**: The Common Man, Common Man cartoon
Tom Uren

**Thomas "Tom" Uren** (28 May 1921 – 26 January 2015) was an Australian politician and boxer. He was Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party. He helped create the heritage and conservation movement in Australia. Uren was a member of the House of Representatives for Reid serving from 1955 through 1990.

## Infobox (mp)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Tom Uren
- **constituency mp**: Division of Reid, Reid
- **parliament**: Australian
- **predecessor**: Charles Morgan (Australian politician), Charles Morgan
- **successor**: Laurie Ferguson
- **term start**: 22 November 1958
- **term end**: 19 February 1990
- **birth place**: Balmain, New South Wales, Balmain, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **death place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **spouse**: Patricia
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
- **occupation**: Boxer, soldier
Paul Crouch

**Paul Franklin Crouch** (March 30, 1934 – November 30, 2013) was an American Christian broadcaster. Crouch, along with his wife Jan, and televangelist Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker, founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network in 1973 (TBN) along with his wife Jan Crouch. Crouch was born in St. Joseph, Missouri.

Crouch died in Orange, California from heart disease, aged 79.
Orange, California

**Orange** is a city in Orange County, California. It is 3 miles north from Santa Ana, California. The population was 139,911 as of 2020.
UY Scuti

**UY Scuti** is a red supergiant (RSG) or red hypergiant star. It is a pulsating variable star in the constellation Scutum and one of the largest known stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. It is also one of the most luminous and well-known of its kind.

The star has an estimated median radius of 909 times that of the Sun, or a diameter of 1.26 trillion m (2 billion mi; 8.45 AU); thus a volume 750 million times that of the Sun.

It is at a distance of about 1,800 parsecs (5,870 light years) from Earth. If placed at the center of the Solar system, its photosphere would engulf the inner planets of the Solar System (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars), and would engulf all asteroids as well. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune would not be engulfed.
Karesuando Church

The **Karesuando Church** () is a wooden church building in Karesuando in Sweden. It belongs to the Karesuando Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was inaugurated on 3 December 1905 by Bishop Olof Bergqvist of the Diocese of Luleå. It then replaced an older church. The church is the northernmost church in Sweden.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Karesuando Church
- **native name**: Karesuando kyrka
- **native name lang**: Swedish
- **image**: Karesuando Church 2010.JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Karesuando Church in July 2010
- **location**: Karesuando
- **country**: Sweden
- **denomination**: Church of Sweden
- **parish**: Karesuando Parish, Karesuando
- **diocese**: Diocese of Luleå, Luleå
Jakobsbergs GoIF

**Jakobsbergs GoIF** is a sports club in Jakobsberg in Sweden. It is active within handball. The men's soccer merged with FC Järfälla in 1993. In 2003, the women's soccer also merged with FC Järfälla.

The club won the Swedish women's soccer national chapionship in 1977. The club also finished up second in 1975. They lost the 1975 final game against Öxabäcks IF on penalty kicks.

## Other websites

- Men's handball team
- Women's handball team

## Infobox (sports team)

- **name**: Jakobsbergs GoIF
- **full name**: Jakobsbergs gymnastik- och idrottsförening
- **sport**: association football, soccer (earlier)
handball
- **arena**: Viksjöhallen (handball)
- **city**: Jakobsberg, Sweden
Alfonso La Marmora

**Alfonso La Marmora** (18 November 1804 – 5 January 1878), or Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, Alfonso Lamarmora and Alfonso Ferrero, Cavaliere La Marmora, was an Italian general and statesman.

He was born at Turin in a rich and noble family: his father was a Marquis. In 1822 he graduated in the Military Academy of Turin; then began a military career, which led him to become general in 1856. In the Kingdom of Sardinia he was twice Minister of War in the governments led by Massimo D'Azeglio and Camillo Cavour.

In 1854 La Marmora made a law that improved the quality of the troops, created new academies for officers, retouched the recruitment system, bringing to 60,000 Army soldiers (of which only a quarter in active service, while the rest evaded the lever paying a substitute), doubled the units of riflemen and strengthened the light cavalry at the expense of heavy. Even the artillery, health and administrative apparatus were renovated, as well as logistics services.

In 1855 he resigned from the post of Minister of War because he went to fight in the Crimean War. He was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 19 July 1859 to 21 January 1860. In the years immediately after the Italian unification, he was governor of Milan and Prefect of Naples.

Member of the "Historical Right", La Marmora was Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Italy from 18 September 1864 to 20 July 1866. He resigned from office to go fight the third Italian independence war: on this occasion, however, he committed several strategic errors, which cost a heavy defeat for Italy.

In 1870 he retired from political life. He died in Florence and was buried in Biella in the church of San Sebastiano. His brother, Alessandro La Marmora, founded the corps of Bersaglieri.
Luminous blue variable

**Luminous blue variables** (**LBVs**) are massive evolved stars. They show unpredictable and sometimes dramatic variations in their spectra and their brightness.

These unstable supergiants or hypergiants are also known as **S Doradus variables**. S Doradus is one of the brightest stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

LBVs are extraordinarily rare with just 20 listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as SDor, and some of these are no longer considered to be LBVs.

In their "quiescent" state they are typically B-type stars, occasionally slightly hotter, with unusual emission lines. They are found in a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram known as the _S Doradus instability strip_. They are the least luminous have a temperature around 10,000 K and a luminosity about 250,000 times the Sun. The most luminous have a temperature around 25,000 K and a luminosity over a million times the Sun. These are some of the most luminous of all stars.

Their relationship to supernovae is unclear.

## Discovery and history

The LBV stars P Cygni and Eta Carinae have been known as unusual variables since the 17th century, but their true nature was not fully understood until much more recently.  The term "S Doradus variable" was used to describe them as a group in 1974. AE Andromedae is one of the most luminous blue variables in the Andromeda galaxy, M31.