juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fernando Barrachina

**Fernando Barrachina Plo** (24 February 1947 – 4 January 2016) was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a central defender.

## Career

Born in Granada, Barrachina played for Granada, Valencia and Cádiz.

He made one international appearance for Spain in 1969.

## Later life and death

He died on 4 January 2016, at the age of 68.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Fernando Barrachina
- **image**: Visita de Fernando Barrachina Plo a Alginet (País Valencià, 1973).jpg
- **caption**: Barrachina, with his signature moustache, surrounded by people while visiting Alginet (1973).
- **fullname**: Fernando Barrachina Plo
- **birth place**: Granada, Spain
- **death place**: Valencia, Spain
- **position**: Defender (association football), Central defender
- **youthclubs1**: Granada CF, Granada
- **years1**: 1966–1969
- **clubs1**: Granada CF, Granada
- **caps1**: 63
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 1969–1977
- **clubs2**: Valencia CF, Valencia
- **caps2**: 146
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 1977–1979
- **clubs3**: Cádiz CF, Cádiz
- **caps3**: 33
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1979–1980
- **clubs4**: Quart Poblet
- **totalcaps**: 242
- **totalgoals**: 4
- **nationalyears1**: 1969–1970
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national under-23 football team, Spain U23
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1969
- **nationalteam2**: Spain national football team, Spain
- **nationalcaps2**: 1
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
Zelimkhan Yaqub

**Zelimkhan Yaqub** (; 21 January 1950 – 9 January 2016) was an Azerbaijani poet. He served as a deputy of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan from 1995 to 2005. He was also named the national poet of Azerbaijan in 2005. He was born in Bolnisi Municipality, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union.

Yaqub died on 9 January 2016 in Baku, aged 65.
Ulrich Hahnen

**Ulrich Hahnen** (10 May 1952 in Krefeld – 10 January 2016) was a German politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as a deputy of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2010 until his death. In 1994, he became a member of the City Council of Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia.

Hahnen died from cancer on 10 January 2016 at the age of 63.
Kingbird

The **kingbird** (_Tyrannus melancholicus_) is a large tyrant flycatcher. This bird breeds from southern Arizona in the United States to as far as south as central Argentina, western Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. Birds from the northernmost and southern breeding areas migrate to warmer parts of the range after breeding.

## Description and ecology

An adult tropical kingbird is  long and weighs . Both male and female are similar, but young birds have pale buff edges on the wing coverts.

The call is a high-pitched twittering trill, _tree-e-e-e-e-e-e_, with a more complex version sung by the male at dawn.

Their breeding habitat is semi-open areas with trees and shrubs, including gardens and roadsides. Tropical kingbirds like to view their surroundings from an open perch, usually high in a tree. They take long flights to catch insects in mid-air, which is called hawking. They sometimes hover to pick food off of plants, which is called gleaning. They also eat some fruit.

These birds defend their territory against intruders, even much larger birds such as toucans, caracaras or hawks.

They make a flimsy cup nest in a tree. The eggs are cream-colored with reddish-brown marks. The female incubates the typical clutch of two or three eggs for 16 days. After they hatch, it is about 18–19 more days until fledging.

The tropical kingbird is not a threatened species of the IUCN. This is because this bird is very common and they adapt well to changes in their environment.

## Other websites

- Nesting _Tyrannus melancholicus_http://lagunadeapoyo.blogspot.com/2015/05/tropical-kingbird-iii-feeding-babies.html
Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds

**Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds** (10 November 1942 – 4 January 2016) was a Latvian computer scientist and mathematician. He was a member of Latvian Academy of Sciences from 1992. He discovered Freivalds' algorithm. He also taught at the University of Latvia with students including Daina Taimina and Andris Ambainis. He was born in Cesvaine and studied at Moscow State University (MSU).

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2010.

Freivalds died from a heart attack on 4 January 2016 in Riga, aged 73.
Contraband

The word **contraband** (Old French _contrebande_ "a smuggling") means any item which is illegal to be possessed or sold. The term is used for goods such as:
- smuggled goods
- stolen goods – knowingly dealing in stolen goods is an offense in itself, called fencing
- the fruits of fraud, forgery etc.

## Law of armed conflict

In international law, contraband means goods sent to territories under the control of the enemy that can be used in armed conflict. Traditionally, contraband is classified into two categories, **absolute contraband** and **conditional contraband**. Absolute contraband includes arms, munitions, and various materials. These can include chemicals and certain types of machinery that may be used to wage war.

Conditional contraband includes food and livestock feed. Cargo of this kind, while presumably innocent in character, can be seized if the supplies are destined for the armed forces of the enemy. Under conditions of modern warfare almost everything can be called absolute contraband.

## American Civil War

During the American Civil War, slaves who sought refuge in Union army military camps or who lived in territories that fell under Union control were declared contraband.  This policy was first used by General Benjamin F. Butler in 1861 in what came to be known as the "Fort Monroe Doctrine," established in Hampton, Virginia.  By war's end, the Union had set up 100 contraband camps in the Southern United States.  The Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony (1863–1867) was developed to be a colony. Many adult former slaves worked for wages for the Army at such camps.
Contraband (disambiguation)

**Contraband** refers to goods which are illegal to possess or trade. **Contraband** may also refer to:

## Movies

- _Contraband_ (1980 movie), an Italian crime drama directed by Lucio Fulci
- _Contraband_ (2012 movie), an American film

## Other uses

- Contraband (coal mine), items which for safety reasons are not allowed to be taken underground in a coal mine
- Contraband (American Civil War), a status for fugitive slaves behind Union lines in Rebel territory during the American Civil War
- Contraband Bayou, a large bayou in Louisiana, United States
Mystery shopper

**Mystery shopping** (or **mystery customer**) is a management tool used to find out how customers are being treated. Retail companies use it to get an idea about how their branches are being managed and operated. Also franchise chains use it to make sure franchisees are keeping to the agreements made with the parent company.

The idea is to get information which is otherwise  hard to obtain. Quality of service, or compliance with regulations and/or agreements are what is often investigated. A company hires a person to be a customer. The company being evaluated does not know who the mystery shopper is.

Mystery shoppers perform specific tasks such as buying a product, asking questions, registering complaints or behaving in a certain way. Afterwards, they provide detailed reports or feedback about their experiences.
Dogue de Bordeaux

The **Dogue de Bordeaux**, **Bordeaux Mastiff**, **French Mastiff** is a dog breed that originated in France. The dogs are large, and usually grow to a shoulder height of between  and . The males weigh  and the females weigh  but the official standard does not specify a weight. The Bordeaux is a very powerful dog, with a very muscular body. The breed has been put to work in many different capacities, from pulling carts and hauling heavy objects, to guarding flocks and, historically, the castles of the European elite.
Australian Kelpie

The **Australian Kelpie**, or simply **Kelpie**, is an Australian sheepdog. The word 'Kelpie' is Gaelic and means "water sprite". They are very successful at herding and driving livestock with little or no guidance. The Kelpie is a medium-sized dog. They come in both the tan markings and solid colors. The Kelpie has been exported throughout the world and is used mainly to herd sheep, cattle and goats.

## Characteristics

The Kelpie can do the work of several men. They are tireless workers and can work all day in the hottest climates. Kelpies are able to travel more than  in a single day. Like the Border Collie the Kelpie is an intimidator. It locks eyes with an animal to get it to move. Unlike the Border Collie, the Kelpie also nips at the heels of herd animals to get and keep them moving.
A typical Kelpie weighs from 25 to 45 pounds. They have a life expectancy of from 10 to 14 years on average. Kelpies have natural oils in their skin that keeps their coat weather resistant. For that reason they should be bathed only when absolutely necessary to avoid drying out their skin. An occasional rubdown with a towel keeps them clean.

## Types

The breed has been separated into two distinct varieties: the Show (or Bench) Kelpie and the Working Kelpie. The Show Kelpie is seen at conformation dog shows in some countries and is selected for appearance rather than working instinct, while the Working Kelpie is bred for working ability rather than appearance.
Tajdid

**Tajdid** () is an Arabic word that means "renewal". It is usually put together with _din_ to mean "renewal of the religion." A similar but less common expression is _ihya' al-din_ (), which may be translated as "revival of the religion."

The purpose of the tajdid (renewal or revival) is to implement this ideal model in Muslims' lives, wherever and whenever Muslim society exists. This purpose implies that tajdid is a continuous effort by Muslims always to explain Islam and make it applicable in continually changing situations without violating its principles.

The notion of tajdid in the Islamic tradition can be traced back to the Prophet Muhammad, who said that "At the start of each century there will arise in this ummah (the Muslim community) those who will call for a religious renewal". Such people (mujaddids, or renewers of Islam), are believed to always come in the time when Muslim community departs from the true path defined by the Qur'an and sunnah (example of the Prophet). The task of the mujaddid, therefore, is to return Muslims to their basic sources (the Qur'an and sunnah), to clean Islam from all un-Godly elements, to present Islam and make it flourish more or less in its original pure form and spirit.

The tradition of a renewal of the faith went back to Islam's first century, with the caliph Umar II ('Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz), who came to power in the Muslim year 99 and was particularly revered for his piety, in contrast to his predecessors. He was viewed as a renewer of the faith in an age of increasingly profane rule, and later mujaddids and their movements in various parts of the Islamic world followed his precedent.

## References

- A Quest For True Islam: A Study of the Islamic Resurgence Movement among the Youth in Bandung, Indonesia by Rifki Rosyad.
Alexander Hickman

**Thomas Alexander Hickman** (October 19, 1925 – January 11, 2016) was a Canadian lawyer, politician and judge. He was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland. From 1966 to 1979, he was a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly. He held many cabinet positions including Minister of Justice and Attorney General, Minister of Health, Minister Responsible for Intergovernmental Affairs, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Education.

Hickman died on January 11, 2016 at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Order of Canada Citation

## Infobox (person)

- **other names**: Thomas
- **birth date**: October 19, 1925
- **birth place**: Grand Bank, Newfoundland
- **known for**: 1966–1979: Member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly

He was named as minister titles.

- **title**: Judge

Lawyer

Politician
Oscar Fritschi

**Oscar Fritschi** (25 February 1939 – 8 January 2016) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. He was born in Winterthur, Switzerland. From 1986 to 1992 Fritschi was president of the FDP of the Canton of Zurich. From 1991 to 1992 he was a member of the Cantonal Council of the Canton of Zurich. On November 25, 1991, he was elected in the National Assembly. He resigned in 1999 after he no longer had support.

Fritschi died at a hospital in Zurich, Switzerland from a short-illness at the age of 76.
John Harvard (politician)

**John Harvard** (June 4, 1938 – January 9, 2016) was a Canadian journalist and politician in Manitoba.  He served as a federal Member of Parliament from 1988 to 2004, and was appointed the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba just before Canada's federal election in 2004.

Harvard died in Manitoba at the age of 77.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honorable
- **name**: John Harvard
- **order**: 23rd
- **office**: Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
- **term start**: June 30, 2004
- **term end**: August 4, 2009
- **predecessor**: Peter Liba
- **successor**: Philip S. Lee
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Adrienne Clarkson
Michaëlle Jean
- **premier**: Gary Doer
- **riding1**: Winnipeg—St. James
- **parliament1**: Canadian
- **term start1**: November 21, 1988
- **term end1**: June 2, 1997
- **predecessor1**: George Minaker
- **successor1**: _Riding abolished_
- **riding2**: Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia, Charleswood—Assiniboia
- **parliament2**: Canadian
- **term start2**: June 2, 1997
- **term end2**: May 6, 2004
- **predecessor2**: _Riding created_
- **successor2**: Steven Fletcher (politician), Steven Fletcher
- **birth place**: Glenboro, Manitoba, Glenboro, Manitoba
- **spouse**:
Pat Bovey
- **children**: five
- **profession**: Broadcast journalist
- **party**: Liberal Party of Canada
Abbas Bahri

**Abbas Bahri** (1 January 1955 – 10 January 2016) was a Tunisian mathematician. He was the winner of the Fermat Prize and the Langevin Prize in mathematics. He was a professor of mathematics at Rutgers University.

He mainly studied the calculus of variations, partial differential equations, and differential geometry. He introduced the method of the critical points at infinity, which is a fundamental step in the calculus of variations.

On 10 January 2016, he died following a long illness at the age of 61.

## Related pages

- List of scientists from Africa

## Other websites

- Official Rutgers website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abbas Bahri
- **birth place**: Tunis, Tunisia
- **alma mater**: Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University (University of Paris 6), Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University
- **occupation**: Mathematician, Professor at Rutgers University
Ann Z. Caracristi

**Ann Zeilinger Caracristi** (February 1, 1921 – January 10, 2016) was an American cryptanalyst. She was the former Deputy Director of the National Security Agency, where she served at many positions over a 40-year career. She served as a member of the Secretary of Defense Joint Security Commission and President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. She became the first woman at NSA to be promoted to _GS-18_ rank, in 1975. She was born in Bronxville, New York.

In 2002, her name was given to a Naval Intelligence Professionals' award. Caracristi died January 10, 2016, in Washington, D.C. from complications of dementia at the age of 94.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ann Z. Caracristi
- **image**: CaracristiPortrait.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **title1**: Deputy Director of the NSA
- **term start1**: April 1, 1980
- **term end1**: July 30, 1982
- **birth name**: Ann Zeilinger Caracristi
- **birth place**: Bronxville, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **alma mater**: Russell Sage College, Federal Executive Institute
- **profession**: cryptanalyst, intelligence consultant and official
- **predecessor1**: Robert E. Drake
- **successor1**: Robert E. Rich
Veijo Meri

**Veijo Väinö Valvo Meri** (31 December 1928 – 21 June 2015) was a Finnish writer. His work was mainly about World War II and the Cold War. The work is anti-war and has dark humor. He was born in Viipuri, Finland. He wrote novels, short stories, poetry, and essays. He was known for his works; _Manila rope: A novel_, _Private Jokinen’s marriage leave_ and _Beneath the Polar Star: Glimpses of Finnish History_. He won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1973.

Meri died in Helsinki, Finland at the age of 86.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Veijo-Meri-1960.jpg
- **birth place**: Vyborg, Viipuri, Finland
- **death place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **occupation**: Writer
Wim Bleijenberg

**Wim Bleijenberg** (5 November 1930 – 10 January 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a forward. He played for Wageningen, Rigtersbleek, Ajax, Blauw-Wit Amsterdam, Go Ahead Eagles, Apeldoorn and the national team. He was born in Veenendaal, Utrecht.

Bleijenberg died on 10 January 2016, aged 85.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Wim Bleijenberg
- **image**: Wim Bleijenberg (1953).jpg
- **fullname**: Willem Bleijenberg
- **birth place**: Veenendaal, Netherlands
- **death place**: Huissen, Netherlands
- **position**: Forward (Association Football), Forward
- **youthclubs1**: VV Veenendaal
- **years1**: 1951–1952
- **clubs1**: FC Wageningen, Wageningen
- **goals1**: 21
- **years2**: 1952–1956
- **clubs2**: VV Rigtersbleek, Rigtersbleek
- **years3**: 1956–1960
- **clubs3**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **caps3**: 79
- **goals3**: 46
- **years4**: 1960–1962
- **clubs4**: Blauw-Wit Amsterdam, Blauw-Wit
- **caps4**: 55
- **goals4**: 46
- **years5**: 1962–1963
- **clubs5**: Go Ahead Eagles
- **caps5**: 27
- **goals5**: 20
- **years6**: 1963–1966
- **clubs6**: AGOVV Apeldoorn, AGOVV
- **caps6**: 60
- **goals6**: 38
- **nationalyears1**: 1953–1954
- **nationalteam1**: Netherlands national football team, Netherlands
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 16 January 2013
- **ntupdate**: 16 January 2013
Reginaldo Araújo

**António Reginaldo Matias de Araújo** (2 October 1977 – 11 January 2016) was a Brazilian footballer. He played as a defender. He played for Coritiba, São Paulo, Santos, Flamengo, Santa Cruz and Criciúma. He was born in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo.

Araújo died from a heart attack on 11 January 2016 in Cornélio Procópio, Paraná. He was 38.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Reginaldo Araújo
- **fullname**: António Reginaldo Matias de Araújo
- **height**: 1.81 m
- **birth place**: Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- **death place**: Cornélio Procópio, Brazil
- **position**: Defender (soccer), Right-back
- **youthyears1**: 1993–1996
- **youthclubs1**: Sociedade Esportiva Matsubara, Matsubara
- **years1**: 1997–2001
- **years2**: 2001
- **years3**: 2002
- **years4**: 2003
- **years5**: 2004–2005
- **years6**: 2005–2006
- **years7**: 2006
- **years8**: 2007
- **years9**: 2008
- **years10**: 2009
- **years11**: 2010
- **clubs1**: Coritiba Foot Ball Club, Coritiba
- **clubs2**: São Paulo Futebol Clube, São Paulo
- **clubs3**: Coritiba
- **clubs4**: Santos Futebol Clube, Santos
- **clubs5**: Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo
- **clubs6**: Esporte Clube Noroeste, Noroeste
- **clubs7**: Santa Cruz Futebol Clube, Santa Cruz
- **clubs8**: S.C. Beira-Mar, Beira Mar
- **clubs9**: Criciúma Esporte Clube, Criciúma
- **clubs10**: Foz do Iguaçu Futebol Clube, Foz do Iguaçu
- **clubs11**: Rio Branco Sport Club, Rio Branco (PR)
- **caps1**: 51
- **caps2**: 12
- **caps3**: 23
- **caps4**: 38
- **caps5**: 10
- **caps7**: 11
- **caps8**: 8
- **goals1**: 2
- **goals2**: 1
- **goals3**: 2
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **goals7**: 1
- **goals8**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 2015–2016
- **managerclubs1**: Paraná Soccer Technical Center, PSTC (assistant manager)
- **nationalyears1**: 1999
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national under-23 football team, Brazil U-23
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Gunnel Vallquist

**Gunnel Vallquist** (19 June 1918 – 11 January 2016) was a Swedish writer and translator. She became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1982. She wrote over twenty books. She also translated _In Search of Lost Time_ by Marcel Proust from French into Swedish. She was born in Stockholm.

Vallquist died on 11 January 2016, aged 97.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gunnel Vallquist
- **image**: Gunnel Vallquist.jpg
- **caption**: Gunnel Vallquist
- **birth place**: Stockholm
- **baptised**: 19 June 1918
- **death date**: 11 January (aged 93)
- **death place**: Stockholm
- **nationality**: Swedish
Brian Johnson (rugby league)

**Brian James Johnson** (26 June 1956 – 11 January 2016) was an Australian professional rugby league player and coach. He was born in Dapto, New South Wales. He played as a fullback. He played in Sydney for the St George Dragons and Eastern Suburbs. He later played in England for Warrington.

Johnson died from Alzheimer's disease on 11 January 2016 in Wollongong, aged 59.
Darryl Cherney

**Darryl Cherney** (born 1950s) is an American musician and environmental activist. He is a member of the Earth First! environmental movement. He was born in New York City, New York, but raised in Eureka, California. Cherney ran for congress in the 1988 Democratic primary, but lost.

On May 24, 1990, Cherney and his friend, fellow activist Judi Bari, were injured when a pipe bomb exploded in his car. Both were severely injured by the explosion. The case was investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which accused Cherney of bombing themselves. He later sued the FBI and was later awarded $4.4 million. Bari died from her injuries. In 2012, Cherney's documentary movie _Who Bombed Judi Bari?_ was released.

Cherney announced in 2015 that he was running for President of the United States for the Green Party nomination in the 2016 United States presidential election. He is running against Jill Stein for the nomination.

## Other websites

- Darryl Cherney's home page
- March 2012 interview with Cherney about his documentary Who Bombed Judy Bari?
- Interview with Cherney  on Independent Eye's public radio series _Hitchhiking off the Map_.
- Infamous Troubadour: The Life, Times and Future of Darryl Cherney, North Coast Journal February 17, 2005.
- Interview with Darryl Cherney  in Modern Pagans, RE/Search publications.
- Cherney's documentary Who Bombed Judy Bari?
- Activist songs by Darryl Cherney covering the bombing
- Who Bombed Judi Bari? _Los Angeles Times_ review accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
Prohibition Party

The **Prohibition Party** (**PRO**) is a political party in the United States. The party is known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages.

It is the oldest existing third party in the United States. The party was an important part of the temperance movement. While never one of the leading parties in the United States, it was once an important force in the Third Party System during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This was also the case in mid century Europe. It declined dramatically after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933.

The party earned only 519 votes in the 2012 presidential election with Jack Fellure as the candidate. James Hedges was the candidate in the 2016 presidential election winning 5,617 votes.

## Other websites

- (Party)
- (People)
Doping in sport

In sport, **doping** is the use of a drug that athletes or competitors are not allowed to use. Certain drugs, such as steroids, are not allowed (or banned) in professional sports. This is because they can help a competitor's performance, by making them stronger or faster. This gives them an unfair advantage over other competitors. The drugs may be legal, but competitors will not be allowed to use them. Many sports make competitors take a drug test to prove that they are not using any drugs.

## Related pages

- Blood doping
- List of chemicals in doping cases in sport
- List of doping cases in athletics
- List of doping cases in sport
- Doping in the United States
- World_Anti-Doping_Agency
Gloria La Riva

**Gloria Estela La Riva** (born August 13, 1954, in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is an American politician. She works with the Party for Socialism and Liberation and in California with the Peace and Freedom Party, and previously with the Workers World Party.

She was the PSL's 2008 presidential candidate, and was also vying for the nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party in California, but lost the bid to Ralph Nader. La Riva ran as the PSL's presidential candidate in the 2016 race, with Eugene Puryear as her running mate.

She is running for President in the 2020 election with Leonard Peltier as her running mate.

## Other websites

- 2016 campaign website
- "Standing for Castro at the US election", a brief report on Gloria La Riva by France 24, October 29, 2008
- "Meet Gloria" , profile on Votepsl.org

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Gloria La Riva
- **image**: Gloria La Riva at Trump inauguration protest SF Jan 20 2017 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gloria La Riva in 2017
- **alma mater**: Brandeis University
- **party**: Party for Socialism and Liberation
- **otherparty**: Peace and Freedom Party (affiliated nonmember)
- **occupation**: Newspaper Printer, activist
Governor of New Mexico

The **Governor of the State of New Mexico** is the chief executive of the state of New Mexico. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New Mexico's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. They also make annual State of the State addresses to the New Mexico State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.

The current governor is Michelle Lujan Grisham, a Democrat. Grisham won the November 2018 gubernatorial election and was sworn in as the 32nd Governor of the state of New Mexico on January 1, 2019.

## Living former governors of New Mexico

, there were four former governors of New Mexico living, the oldest being Jerry Apodaca (1975–1979, born 1934). The most recent governor of New Mexico to die and most recent to serve to die was Bill Richardson (2003–2011), who died on September 1, 2023.

|Governor|Gubernatorial term|Date of birth (and age)|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Toney Anaya|1983–1987||
|Garrey Carruthers|1987–1991||
|Gary Johnson|1995–2003||
|Susana Martinez|2011–2019||

## Other websites

- Official site of Governor's office

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Governor
- **body**: New Mexico
- **insignia**: Seal of the Governor of New Mexico.png
- **insigniasize**: 150px
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the Governor
- **image**: Michelle Lujan Grisham 2015.jpg
- **alt**: = Michelle Lujan Grisham
- **incumbent**: Michelle Lujan Grisham
- **incumbentsince**: January 1, 2019
- **style**: _The Honorable_
- **termlength**: Four years, can succeed self once; eligible again after 4-year respite
- **residence**: New Mexico Governor's Mansion, Governor's Mansion
- **formation**: January 6, 1912
- **deputy**: John Sanchez
- **salary**: $110,000 (2013)
- **website**: [http://www.governor.state.nm.us Official website]
Doping (semiconductor)

In electronics, **doping** is the process of adding certain chemical elements to a semiconductor in order to change its electrical conductivity. These elements are tiny impurities. This is done to create diodes that make electricity go in one direction, or to make transistors and semiconductor switches.

When the element boron is added to silicon, the boron "dopant" is called an "acceptor" because it likes accepting electrons. When the element phosphorous is added to silicon, the phosphorous is called a "donor" because it does not like electrons.

There are two types of doping: n-type (negative type) doping and p-type (positive type) doping

1. **n–type doping**: In this, elements with five valence electrons are added as impurities ("pentavalent" or "donor") in the semiconductor. The semiconductor has four valence electrons, so when it is doped with pentavalent impurities, the four valence electrons make covalent bonds, and the remaining one becomes free to move. This is how n-type doping increases conductivity of the semiconductor. The excess of electrons (e<sup>-</sup>) in the n-type semiconductor generates an overall negative charge, hence the name "n-type".
1. **p-type doping**: In this, elements with three valence electron are added as impurities ("trivalent" or "acceptor") in the semiconductor. Three of the four electrons in the semiconductor bond with the three electrons of the dopant. The remaining electrons cannot form bonds, and thus the vacant space left behind are known as holes. Then, electrons from other atoms jump in the holes to fill them, again causing different holes to appear. This process repeats over and over, increasing conductivity.

The impurities are added to the silicon through multiple processes, including "spin coating". A thin layer of phosphorus or boron, usually mixed with a liquid to help it spread out, is spun at high speeds on the silicon. The mixture spreads out the phosphorous or boron, and then is baked.

Another process called "ion implantation" involves a scaled down particle accelerator that smashes atoms of the chosen dopant into the silicon, which adds the impurity.
Dope

**Dope** may mean:

- A slang word for cocaine, marijuana, opium, heroin, methamphetamine, and other illegal drugs
- Dopant, an chemical added to a substance to change it
- Dope, an industrial metal band from the U.S. city of Villa Park, Illinois
Marc Allan Feldman

**Marc Allan Feldman** (October 10, 1959 - June 22, 2016) was an American physician, political commentator, and activist. Feldman was also a practicing physician. He had been employed at the Cleveland Clinic since August 1998. He was also the owner of a small business called Openivo, Inc. Feldman had also served as the president of the Ophthalmic Anesthesia Society.

On January 13, 2015 Feldman announced that he was running for President of the United States in the 2016 election as a Libertarian. His main goal in running was to address how much money influences the political system. He had called his campaign "Votes Not For Sale" and wouldn't take any donations over $5. On May 26, 2016, Feldman participated in a political debate at the 2016 Libertarian National Convention, alongside Gary Johnson, Austin Petersen, John McAfee, and Darryl W. Perry. Feldman would place fifth on the second nominating ballot, losing to Gary Johnson.

On June 22, 2016, Dr. Feldman was found unresponsive at the America's Best Value Inn in Brook Park, Ohio.  He was pronounced dead at the scene a short time later.  The cause of death was atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marc Allan Feldman
- **image**: Marc Allan Feldman (20277052616) (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C.
- **death place**: Brook Park, Ohio
- **education**: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
- **occupation**: Physician, political commentator, activist
- **known for**: United States presidential election, 2016, 2016 presidential candidate
- **party**: Libertarian Party (United States), Libertarian Party
Austin Petersen

**Austin Wade Petersen** (born February 19, 1981) is an American producer, writer, political activist, and commentator. He was the runner-up for the Libertarian Party's nomination for President of the United States in 2016, finishing second place to former governor Gary Johnson with 21% of the vote.

As of 2016, Petersen is the owner and CEO of a photo and video consulting firm called Stonegait LLC and is the founder of _The Libertarian Republic_ and _Liberty Viral_, both libertarian news and commentary websites.

## Early life

Petersen was born in Independence, Missouri, but raised on a farm in Peculiar, Missouri. He is the son of Donna and John D. Petersen. He studied at Missouri State University, where he graduated with a degree in musical theater.

## United States presidential campaign, 2016

Petersen was running for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election for the presidential nomination for the Libertarian Party.

After Gary Johnson won the nomination for President of the United States of the Libertarian Party (United States), Petersen delivered a concession speech. During the speech, Petersen said, "You have my full support, my full respect, and my gun!" and proceeded to gift Johnson with a replica of George Washington's flintlock pistol. Petersen could not, however, endorse Johnson's preferred Vice Presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Governor, William Weld. He threw his support to ballot access lawyer Alicia Dearn. Afterwards, Gary Johnson threw away the pistol that Austin Petersen had given him.

Petersen has stated his intention to return home to spend time with his family, to relax, and to recover from the strenuous months of campaigning. He looks forward to supporting Gary Johnson's presidential campaign and working to further the ideals of the Libertarian Party (United States).

## Post-political activities

A few months after losing the Libertarian Nomination for President Petersen has done Facebook Live streams where he talks about current political issues and has stated he is interested in running for President in 2020.

## United States senate campaign, 2018

On July 4, 2017, Petersen announced that he is running under the Republican Party in the 2018 Missouri Senate race against current Democratic Senator Claire McCaskill.

## Other websites

- Personal website
- Stonegaite Pictures official website
- Austin Petersen at _The Libertarian Republic_

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Austin Petersen
- **image**: Austin Petersen by Gage Skidmore 2 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Petersen in 2018
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (after 2017)
- **birth name**: Austin Wade Petersen
- **birth place**: Independence, Missouri, United States, U.S.
- **otherparty**: Libertarian Party (United States), Libertarian (until 2017)
- **residence**: Kansas City, Missouri
- **alma mater**: Missouri State University
- **occupation**: CEO of Stonegait LLC
Publisher at _The Libertarian Republic_
- **known for**: Former 2016 Libertarian Party presidential candidate
John McAfee

**John David McAfee**   (September 18, 1945 – June 23, 2021) was a British and American computer programmer. He was the developer of the first commercial anti-virus program. This bore the McAfee brand-name for years, until it was bought by Intel and given the Intel name.

## Early life

McAfee was born in an U.S. Army base stationed in the United Kingdom. He was raised in Virginia and Alabama.

## Business career

His wealth peaked at $100 million, before his investments suffered in the global crisis of 2007. McAfee also had interests in smartphone apps, yoga and all-natural antibiotics.

## Political career

On September 8, 2015, McAfee announced that he would seek the office of President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election as the candidate of a newly formed political party called the Cyber Party. On December 24, 2015 he re-announced his candidacy bid, saying that he would instead seek the Libertarian  nomination for President.

On June 4, 2018, McAfee announced his plans to run for president as a Libertarian in the 2020 presidential election.

## Death

On June 23, 2021, McAfee was found dead after committing suicide by hanging in a prison cell in Sant Esteve Sesrovires near Barcelona. Hours before his death, Spain approved for McAfee to be extradited to the United States for tax crimes.

## Other websites

- John McAfee's website
- McAfee's 2016 presidential campaign website
- John McAfee on Facebook
- Bio on NNDB
- "Zone Labs To Get Funding, New Board Member" , _InformationWeek_, October 2, 2000

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John McAfee
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, KBE
- **image**: John McAfee by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: McAfee in June 2016
- **birth place**: Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom, U.K.
- **death place**: Sant Esteve Sesrovires, Spain
- **death cause**: Suicide by hanging
- **party**: Libertarian Party (United States), Libertarian Party
Previous affiliations:
Cyber Party (2015)
- **nationality**: British / American
- **known for**: Intel Security, McAfee, Inc
- **alma mater**: Roanoke College
- **occupation**: Software developer, founder of McAfee, Chairman of Future Tense Secure Systems
Lionel Cranfield, 3rd Earl of Middlesex

**Lionel Cranfield, 3rd Earl of Middlesex** (1625 – 26 October 1674) was an English peer, named **Hon. Lionel Cranfield** from 1640 until 1651.

Cranfield became next Earl of Middlesex, after his brother, in 1651. Around 1655, he married Rachel, daughter of the Earl of Westmorland and widow of Henry Bourchier, 5th Earl of Bath. In May 1660, he was one of the six people selected by the Convention Parliament to ask Charles II of England to come back. He became a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Charles II in 1673. He died the next year without children; his titles went to no one, and his property went to the son of his sister, Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset.
National Geographic (magazine)

The ***National Geographic***, formerly ***The National Geographic Magazine***, is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published since the first issue in 1888. This was nine months after the Society itself was founded. It mostly contains articles about world culture, history and geography. Its famous trademark is the yellow rectangular border that goes around the cover of each issue.

The magazine is published monthly. Additional maps are also included with subscription copies. It is available in a traditional printed format. Special and online formats are also available.

As of 2015-2016 the magazine had a worldwide circulation of 6.8 million per month. Its U.S. circulation is around 3.5 per month.

In 2008 the magazine won three National Magazine Awards. This included an award for general excellence the second year in a row.

On 9 September 2015, the National Geographic Society announced a deal with the 20th Century Fox that would move the magazine to a new partnership, National Geographic Partners, controlled by 20th Century Fox.

The magazine has had various editors since it was founded.

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: National Geographic
- **image file**: National Geographic Logo 2016.png
- thumb
- **editor**: Susan Goldberg
- **frequency**: Monthly
- **total circulation**: 6.1 million (global)
- **circulation year**: June 2016
- **category**: Geography, History, Nature, Science
- **country**: United States
- **based**: Washington, D.C.
- **language**: English and various other languages
- **issn**: 0027-9358
- **oclc**: 643483454
Berge Furre

**Berge Ragnar Furre** (13 April 1937 – 11 January 2016) was a Norwegian historian, theologian and politician. He was a member of the Socialist People's Party (SF) and later Socialist Left Party (SV). He was the leader of the Socialist Left Party from 1976 until 1983. He was also known for work on 1900s Norwegian history. He was born in Sjernarøy, Finnøy.

Furre died after an illness on 11 January 2016, aged 78.
Ivan Bukavshin

**Ivan Aleksandrovich Bukavshin** (; 3 May 1995 – 12 January 2016) was a Russian chess Grandmaster. He won the Russian Cup in 2015. He became Grandmaster in 2011. He was U12 European champion in 2006, U14 European Youth Champion in 2008 and U16 European champion in 2010. He was born in Rostov-on-Don.

Bukavshin died in Tolyatti on 12 January 2016. He was originally thought to have suffered a stroke. Now it is reported that a massive overdose (or poisoning) of Drotaverine caused his death. It is possible that the reports are consistent, because the overdose might have caused the stroke.

## Other websites

- Ivan Bukavshin chess games at 365Chess.com
Rescue 911

***Rescue 911*** was an American reality-based television series. The show premiered on CBS on April 18, 1989 and ended on August 27, 1996. The series was hosted by William Shatner. It carried reenactments. It also included  footage of real emergencies.

It was never intended as a teaching tool. However some viewers used the knowledge they got watching the show. There were two specials: _100 Lives Saved_ and _200 Lives Saved_. They were dedicated to viewers who wrote CBS with their stories about watching _Rescue 911_.

The show carried two episodes on Hurricane Hugo. It also had episodes on the 1986  New Year's Eve fire in Puerto Rico. It covered a June 1990 tornado and a 1987 Amtrak train wreck.

A reboot of _Rescue 911_ was scheduled for late 2019.
Missionaries of Charity

**Missionaries of Charity** (MC) is a Roman Catholic Latin rite congregation started on 7 October in 1950. It was founded  by Mother Teresa. It started in the slums of Kolkata (Calcutta, India) with Mother Teresa and 12 sisters. It now has a membership of nearly 5,000 sisters worldwide. Members of the religious order show they belong to this group using the order's initials, "M.C." A sister who belongs to MC must follow their vows of chastity, poverty and obedience. There is also a fourth vow, to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor." MC members all wear the same white and blue habit that Mother Teresa wore.

## From one to three stripes

In 1948 Mother Teresa changed her Sisters of Loreto habit to a simple cotton white sari with one blue stripe. Blue is the color of the Virgin Mary. The sari covered an all white habit. She (and later, her sisters of charity) wore the habit for over ten years. But parents of several Bengali sisters pointed out that the sari with one blue stripe was also worn by poor women who swept the streets of Calcutta. Mother Teresa and her sisters officially adopted the three blue stripes in 1960.

## Other websites

- Volunteering with the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata
- Missionaries of Charity Fathers (started by Mother Teresa)
Columba

**Saint Columba** (Irish _Colm Cille_, "Columb of the Church"; 7 December, 521–9 June, 597) was an Irish priest and missionary. He left Ireland in 563 AD on his mission to bring Christianity to Dál Riata, now western Scotland. He built the famous monastery on the Island of Iona which became known as a "holy island'.

## Early life

Columba was born on December 7, 521 A.D. in Gartan, County Donegal. His father was Fedhlimidh, a great-grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages, 4th century High King of Ireland. His mother was Eithne of the Uí Néill clan. She was a member of the royal family of Leinster. While still young he decided on a monastic life. He was educated in Ireland at schools in Moville, Glasnevin and Clonard Abbey. He founded the Irish monasteries at Derry and at Durrow, County Offaly.

## Iona

In about 563 AD, Columba and his followers left Donegal by boat and traveled to the island of Iona off the west coast of Scotland. His mission to Scotland may have been more a case of penance for a battle he may have caused. He refused to return a copy of the Gospels he had copied without permission. He upset the king of Ireland by his refusal, which led to a battle won by his clan. Columba felt remorse over the deaths this caused. Once there he and his monks began the religious conversion of most of Scotland which at that time was pagan. Their fame and influence spread to most of Europe. It became a place of pilgrimage. It also became known as a holy island where 48 kings of Scotland, 4 kings of Ireland and 8 kings of Norway are buried. In 597 Comumba died on Iona. Books on his life began being written a century later. The best known of these was written by Adomnán sometime between 697 and 700. He was proclaimed a saint before the modern process of canonization.

## Other websites

- Text of "The Life of Columba_, by Adomnán of Iona
- Text of _The Life of St. Columba'', author unknown
Jimmy Fitzmorris

**James Edward "Jimmy" Fitzmorris, Jr.** (November 15, 1921 – June 30, 2021) was an American businessman and civic leader. He was the Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana from 1972 to 1980. He was the first full-time lieutenant governor in state history. He was the last lieutenant governor whose duties included presiding over the Louisiana State Senate.

In 1979, he ran third in the nonpartisan blanket primary for governor. In 1983, he was unsuccessful is his effort to regain the lieutenant governor's office.

Fitzmorris died on June 30, 2021 in Slidell, Louisiana less than five months before his 100th birthday.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **imagesize**: 150px
- **name**: Jimmy Fitzmorris
- **office**: 46th Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana
- **term start**: May 9, 1972
- **term end**: March 10, 1980
- **governor**: Edwin W. Edwards
- **preceded**: Clarence C. Aycock, Clarence C. "Taddy" Aycock
- **succeeded**: Bobby Freeman (politician), Bobby Freeman
- **office2**: President of the Louisiana State Senate (ex officio)
- **term start2**: 1972
- **term end2**: 1976
- **preceded2**: Clarence C. "Taddy" Aycock
- **succeeded2**: Michael O'Keefe (Louisiana politician), Michael H. O'Keefe
- **office3**: New Orleans City Councilman
- **term start3**: 1954
- **term end3**: 1966
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Slidell, Louisiana, U.S.
- **spouse**: Gloria Lopez Fitzmorris (married 1945-1995, her death)
- **children**: Lisa Marie Clement
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **occupation**: Railroad executive
David Margulies

**David Joseph Margulies** (February 19, 1937 – January 11, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as the Mayor of New York City in _Ghostbusters_ and in _Ghostbusters II_ and as Neil Mink in _The Sopranos_.

Margulies died in Manhattan, New York from unknown causes at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- David Margulies at Internet Broadway Database

## Infobox (person)

- **birthname**: David Joseph Margulies
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1972–2016
Tom Latham

**Thomas Paul "Tom" Latham** (born July 14, 1948) is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for  serving from 2013 through 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. On December 17, 2013, Latham announced he would not seek reelection next term, becoming the third member of the House to announce his retirement on the same day (along with Rep. Frank Wolf from Virginia and Utah Rep. Jim Matheson).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Tom Latham
- **image**: Tom Latham, official portrait, 112th Congress.jpg
- **state**: Iowa
- **term start**: January 3, 2013
- **term end**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor**: Leonard Boswell
- **successor**: David Young (politician), David Young
- **state1**: Iowa
- **term start1**: January 3, 2003
- **term end1**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Greg Ganske
- **successor1**: Steve King
- **state2**: Iowa
- **term start2**: January 3, 1995
- **term end2**: January 3, 2003
- **predecessor2**: Fred Grandy
- **successor2**: Steve King
- **birth name**: Thomas Paul Latham
- **birth place**: Hampton, Iowa, Hampton, Iowa, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Kathy Latham
- **alma mater**: Iowa State University
Piet Steenkamp

**Petrus Antonius Josephus Maria** "**Piet**" **Steenkamp** (8 March 1925 – 8 January 2016) was a Dutch politician and economist. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), which he co-founded. He was President of the Senate from 1983 to 1991. He was born in Uithoorn, North Holland.

Steenkamp died on 8 January 2016 in Eindhoven, North Brabant, aged 90.
Andrew Smith

**Andrew Smith** (September 9, 1990 – January 12, 2016) was an American basketball player. He was a center. He played college basketball for the Butler Bulldogs (Butler University) from 2009 to 2013. He played professionally for BC Neptūnas in Lithuania from 2013 to 2014. He was born in Washington, D.C. and grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Smith died from non-Hodgkin lymphoma on January 12, 2016 in Indianapolis, at the age of 25.

## Other websites

- Official profile  at Butler Sports