juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model

A **mathematical model** is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of building a mathematical model is termed **mathematical modeling**. Mathematical models are used in the natural sciences (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology) and engineering disciplines (e.g. computer science, artificial intelligence). They are also used in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science). Physicists, engineers, statisticians, operations research analysts and economists use mathematical models a lot.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6550437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6550437http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=icn_2014_3_40_30195

## Types of mathematical models

Mathematical models can take many forms.  The types of models include:
- dynamical systems - for systems that change,
- statistical models - for finding patterns in large groups of measurements or data,
- differential equations - to study how variables change over time, or
- game theoretic models - for studying how many independent decision makers can interact.
These and other types of models can overlap, with a given model involving a variety of abstract structures. Mathematical models can include logical models.  In many cases, the quality of a scientific field depends on how well the mathematical models built on theory agree with results of repeatable experiments.  When theoretical mathematical models do not match experimental measurements, scientists try to correct the model.  Such corrections lead the way to better theories to explain the facts.

## More reading

- Books
- Bender, E.A. [ 1978 ] ( 2000 ). _An Introduction to Mathematical Modeling_, New York : Dover.
- Gershenfeld, N., The Nature of Mathematical Modeling, Cambridge University Press, (1998).
- Yang, X.-S., Mathematical Modelling for Earth Sciences, Dudedin Academic, (2008).

- Specific applications
- Peierls, Rudolf. Model-making in physics, Contemporary Physics, Volume 21 (1), January 1980, 3-17
- Korotayev A., Malkov A., Khaltourina D. ( 2006 ). _Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth_. Moscow : Editorial URSS.

## Other websites

- General reference material
- McLaughlin, Michael P. ( 1999 )
- Plus teacher and student package: Mathematical Modelling. Brings together all articles on mathematical modeling from _Plus_, the online mathematics magazine produced by the Millennium Mathematics Project at the University of Cambridge.

- Philosophical background
- Frigg, R. and S. Hartmann, Models in Science, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, (Spring 2006 Edition)
- Griffiths, E. C. (2010) What is a model?
Natalie Cassidy

**Natalie Ann Cassidy** (born 13 May 1983) is an English actress and television personality from London. She is best known for her role as Sonia Jackson in _EastEnders_.

Cassidy was a contestant in the 2009 series of the reality programme _Strictly Come Dancing_. She was a housemate in Celebrity _Big Brother_ 2012 (UK).
Galactose

**Galactose** (from the Greek stem γάλακτ– _galakt–_, "milk") is a sugar. It has almost the same chemical structure as glucose.

Large amounts of pure galactose do not exist in nature. Instead, galactose is usually found with glucose in lactose, a sugar found in milk and other milk products. After lactose is digested and absorbed, galactose arrives in the liver. There it is changed into either glucose or glycogen.
We Came to Kill

***We Came to Kill*** is the second album of German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: We Came to Kill
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 1997
- **recorded**: 1997
- **genre**: Aggrotech
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **prev title**: Thanks for Nothing
- **prev year**: 1995
- **next title**: Killing Time Again
- **next year**: 1998
Thanks for Nothing

***Thanks for Nothing*** is the first studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Thanks for Nothing
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 1996
- **genre**: Aggrotech
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **next title**: We Came to Kill
- **next year**: 1997
Killing Time Again

***Killing Time Again*** is the third studio album of German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Killing Time Again
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 1998
- **genre**: Aggrotech
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **prev title**: We Came to Kill
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: Execution Tracks
- **next year**: 1998
Execution Tracks

***Execution Tracks*** is the fourth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Execution Tracks
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 1998
- **genre**: Aggrotech
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **prev title**: Killing Time Again
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: Maschine Zeit
- **next year**: 2000
Maschine Zeit

***Maschine Zeit*** is the fifth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Maschine Zeit
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: May 2, 2000
- **recorded**: 2000
- **genre**: Aggrotech, futurepop
- **length**: 59:45
- **label**: Bloodline Records
- **producer**: Gerrit Thomas
- **prev title**: Execution Tracks
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: T (Funker Vogt album), T
- **next year**: 2000
Survivor (album)

***Survivor*** is the seventh studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Survivor
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 2002
- **genre**: Aggrotech
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **prev title**: T (album), T
- **prev year**: 2000/2001
- **next title**: Revivor
- **next year**: 2003
Apuleius

**Apuleius** was a philosopher and rhetorician tried for using magic to win an older and richer bride. He's better known for his novel about the cult of Isis, the tale of Cupid and Psyche, and the adventures of its hero, Lucius.

Apuleius was born in about 125, in Madauros, Numidia. It is not known what his first name was, although writers in the Middle Ages often called him "Lucius Apuleius" because the hero of his novel was called Lucius. Apuleius was educated in Carthage and Athens, and then traveled around the Mediterranean learning about religious cults. In 158 he delivered a speech recorded as _Apologia Apuleii_ 'The Apology of Apuleius' in the town of Sabratha, Tripolitania (modern Libya), as a defense against the charge of using magic to win a richer and older bride called Pudentilla. Apuleius, in his Apology, provides a glimpse into second century Roman law, the economic and social conditions of Roman North Africa, and the attitude towards magic.

Apuleius died in about 175 A.D., having written his novel, known as either _The Golden Ass_ or _The Metamorphoses_ (also Transformations of Lucius), and the Apology, as well as books on Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle.

## Other websites

- Apuleius (123–180 CE) the Famous Berber writer
- Apulei Opera (Latin texts of all the surviving works of Apuleius) at The Latin Library
- English translation of _Florida_ by H. E. Butler (PDF)
- English translation of the _Apologia_ by H. E. Butler
- English translation of the _God of Socrates_ by Thomas Taylor
- English translation of the _Apologia_ by H. E. Butler (PDF)
- Apuleius – Apologia: Seminar  (Latin text of the _Apologia_ with H. E. Butler's English translation and an English crib with discussion and commentary)
- _Apology as Prosecution: The Trial of Apuleius_
- Apuleius' works: text, concordances and frequency list

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Apuleius
- **image**: Apuleius3.png
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: depiction of Apuleius
- **birth date**: c. 125
- **birth place**: Madaurus
- **death date**: c. 170
- **occupation**: Novelist, writer, public speaker
- **notableworks**: _The Golden Ass_
2011 England riots

Rioting took place in several English cities, and towns, between 6 and 10 August 2011. Looting and arson also took place at this time. The riots started when a demonstration took place, on 6 August, about the police's shooting of Mark Duggan in Tottenham, North London. It turned into a riot. Over the next few days, the riots spread to other places in London and then to other areas of England. The riots caused five deaths. 186 police officers were hurt. The University of Nottingham found that British people became more racist after the riots.

## Shooting of Mark Duggan

On 4 August, a police officer shot and killed 29-year-old Mark Duggan during a traffic stop on the Ferry Lane bridge next to Tottenham Hale station. Friends and relatives of Duggan said that he was unarmed, but he was carrying a gun which a man was convicted of supplying to him.

## Causes

On 12 August, historian David Starkey blamed black gangster culture. He said that "whites have become black". Max Hastings of the _Daily Mail_ blamed a culture of welfare dependence.
Chutney

**Chutneys** are a condiment used in South Asian cuisine. They can be made as a tomato relish, a ground peanut relish, yoghurt, curd, or mint dipping sauce. They contain spice and vegetable or fruit mix.
Hitachi Province

was an old province of Japan  in the area of Ibaraki Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

The province had borders with Iwashiro, Iwaki, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Ishioka.

## History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Hitachi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples

_Kashima jinjū_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Hitachi.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Izu Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of on Honshū. It was also known as .

Izu had borders with Sagami and Suruga Provinces.

## History

During the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road passed through northern Izu. Travelers from Edo to Kyoto stopped at the post town (_shuku-eki_) at Mishima.

In the 1850s, Shimoda was opened to American trade.  The first American Consulate in Japan was opened at the temple of Gyokusen-ji in Shimoda.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The Izu Peninsula is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture. The Izu Islands are considered part of Tokyo.

## Shrines and Temples

_Mishima taisha_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Izu.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Yamato Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Nara Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also called .

The ancient capital city of the province was Wakigami in Katsujō District.  When the capital of Japan was moved to Heijō-kyō, the capital of the province was established in Takaichi District.  The exact locations are not known.

## History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Yamato Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The battleship _Yamato_ was named after this ancient province. The _Yamato_ was the flagship of the Imperial Japanese Navy fleet during World War II,

## Shrines and Temples

_Ōmiwa jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Yamato.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Billy Connolly

**Sir William "Billy" Connolly** CBE (born 24 November 1942) is a Scottish actor, comedian and  musician. Sometimes, he is known as _The Big Yin_ (_The Big One_ in Scottish).

## Early and personal life

Connolly was born at home in Anderston, Glasgow. He grew up in a tenement in the same inner-city area. Connolly has five children. He is married to Pamela Stephenson, the mother of his three youngest children.

In 2013, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and had surgery for prostate cancer. In January 2019, Connolly said he was "nearing the end of his life" as his Parkinson's advanced.

## Career

Connolly has acted in many movies including: _Indecent Proposal_ (1993), _Mrs. Brown_ (1997), _The Boondock Saints_ (1999), _The Debt Collector_ (1999), _The Man Who Sued God_ (2001), _The Last Samurai_ (2003) and _Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events_ (2004). He provided his voice for the movies _Open Season_ (2006) and _Brave_ (2012).

Connolly has been repeatedly voted Britain's best comedian by television viewers. He is also a folk musician and television presenter.

Connolly was nominated for a BAFTA award for his role in the movie Mrs. Brown. He was given a CBE in 2003.

## Other websites

- Official website
Kai Province

, also known as , is an old province in Japan in the area of Yamanashi Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

During the Sengoku period, the warlord Takeda Shingen ruled Kai from his stronghold at Kōfu. After the Takeda, the area was controlled by the Tokugawa clan.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Kai Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The area was briefly renamed Kōfu Prefecture; and it was renamed Yamanashi Prefecture in 1871.

## Geography

Kai is west of Tokyo. The province is landlocked. It is in a mountainous region that includes Mount Fuji along its border with Shizuoka Prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples

_Asama jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Kai.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Dewa Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

## History

In 708, Dewa_-no kuni_ was separated from Echigo.

In 712,  Dewa and Mutsu Province were reorganized

Shiba Kaneyori received the Dewa Province as a fief from Ashikaga Takauji in 1335.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Dewa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples

_Ōmonoimi jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Dewa.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Revivor

***Revivor*** is the eighth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Revivor
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 2003
- **genre**: Aggrotech, futurepop
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **prev title**: Survivor (album), Survivor
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: Navigator (album), Navigator
- **next year**: 2005
Navigator (album)

***Navigator*** is the ninth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Navigator
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Funker Vogt
- **released**: 2005
- **genre**: Aggrotech
- **label**: Metropolis Records
- **prev title**: Revivor
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Aviator (album), Aviator
- **next year**: 2007
Shinano Province

or  is an old province of Japan in the area of Nagano Prefecture on the island of Honshū. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Matsumoto.

## History

The boundaries of Mutsu were formally established during the reigns of Empress Genshō and Empress Kōken.

In 713, the road between Mino Province and Shinano Province was widened.  There were increasing numbers of travelers on this road.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Shinano Province weres reformed in the 1870s.

The World War II–era Japanese aircraft carrier _Shinano_ was named after this old province.

## Shrines and Temples

_Suwa taisha_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Shinano.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
- Hokusai, _A View of Mount Fuji across Lake Suwa,_ circa 1831
Rafinha Bastos

**Rafael Bastos Hocsman**, better known by his stage name **Rafinha Bastos** (born December 5, 1976 in Porto Alegre, Brazil) is a Brazilian comedian, journalist and television personality.

## Other websites

- Official Site  (In Portuguese)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rafinha Bastos
- **image**: Rafinha Bastos (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Porto Alegre
- **occupation**: actor, humorist
Matt Lucas

**Matthew Richard Lucas** (born 5 March 1974) is a British actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for _Little Britain_, a comedy sketch programme he and David Walliams wrote and performed.

## Life

Lucas was born and raised in London. He is from a Jewish family and is openly gay. He has alopecia.

On 16 June 2022, he appeared on the BBC television programme _Who Do You Think You Are?_ and discovered that many of his grandmother's cousins had been killed in the Holocaust. In Amsterdam in 1942, his grandmother's cousin Werner Goldschmidt rented a room from Anne Frank's father, Otto Frank. He was living with them just before the family went into hiding.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Matt Lucas
- **image**: Matt Lucas by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Lucas at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con
- **genre**: Black comedy, sketch comedy
- **influences**: Barry Humphries
Vic Reeves
Bob Mortimer
David Walliams
- **medium**: Actor, comedian, writer
- **active**: 1994–present
- **birth name**: Matthew Richard Lucas
- **spouse**: (divorced)
- **notable work**: _Little Britain_
_Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series), Come Fly with Me_
_Alice in Wonderland (2010 film), Alice in Wonderland_
_Paddington (movie), Paddington_
_Wonka (movie), Wonka_
Wendy Richard

**Wendy Richard** born Wendy Emerton, (20 July 1943 – 26 February 2009) was a British actress. She is best known for her roles as Miss Brahms in _Are You Being Served?_ and as Pauline Fowler in _EastEnders_.

She was born in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire. She lived in London for most of her life. She died of metastatic breast cancer there.
Alasdair MacIntyre

**Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre** (12 January 1929 – 21 May 2025) was a Scottish philosopher. He was best known for work on moral and political philosophy. He was also known for his work in history of philosophy and theology. He was Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP) at London Metropolitan University, and an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland.

MacIntyre died on 21 May 2025 in South Bend, Indiana at the age of 96.

## Works

- _After Virtue_ (1981)
- _Whose Justice? Which Rationality?_ (1988)
- _Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry_ (1990)
- _Dependent Rational Animals_ (1999)

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **region**: Western philosophy
- **era**: Contemporary philosophy
- **image**: Alasdair MacIntyre.jpg
- **caption**: MacIntyre in 2009
- **name**: Alasdair MacIntyre
- **birth name**: Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre
- **birth place**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **death place**: South Bend, Indiana, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Queen Mary, University of London, Queen Mary College, London
Victoria University of Manchester, University of Manchester
University of Oxford
- **notable works**: _After Virtue_ (1981)
- **academic advisors**: Dorothy Emmet
Palace of Culture and Science

The **Palace of Culture and Science** is the second-tallest building in Poland. It is in Warsaw. It is 237 metres high.

An agreement about the building was signed between the governments of the Polish People's Republic and the Soviet Union on 5 April 1952. The tower was an imposed and unwanted "gift" to the people of Poland. It was erected with great propagandist fanfare and named after Joseph Stalin upon its completion in 1955. Stalin's name was later removed from the colonnade, interior lobby and one of the building's sculptures.

To decide on the height of the building, Soviet and Polish architects gathered in the area of the Śląsko-Dąbrowski Bridge on the east bank of the Vistula river. Over the site of the future skyscraper flew a small plane pulling a balloon behind it. The group standing near the bridge had radio contact with the pilot of the plane. First, the balloon flew at an altitude of , then higher at  and . The Soviets, led by Lev Rudnev, decided that  was enough for the highest point of the city. The Poles, led by the plenipotentiary for the construction of the building and chief architect of Warsaw, Józef Sigalin, began to shout "Higher!" after every  of balloon height increase. Finally, the tower was set at a height of , with a  main structure, a  turret and a  spire.

In 2024 it is used as an exhibition centre and office complex. There is a multiplex cinema with eight screens, four theatres , the Museum of Evolution and  the Museum of Technology, offices, bookshops, a large swimming pool, an auditorium hall for 3,000 people called Congress Hall, and a university, Collegium Civitas, on the 11th and 12th floors of the building. The terrace on the 30th floor, at , is a well-known tourist attraction with a panoramic view of the city. The Warsaw City Council and city offices are located in the building.

## Related pages

- Parade Square
Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows

**Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows** (also known as **D.R.U.G.S.**) is an American post-hardcore band. They formed in 2010. D.R.U.G.S released their debut self-titled album on February 22, 2011. It was met with generally positive reviews. AbsolutePunk gave the album a 78%.

## Self-titled debut album D.R.U.G.S

On November 11, 2010, Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows released their first song, "If You Think This Song Is About You, It Probably Is." On December 6, 2010, they released their second song, "Mr. Owl Ate My Metal Worm." This was followed by "Sex Life", released on January 18, 2011, which is the first single from the album. The album sold 14,000+ copies and peaked at #29 on the Billboard 200. Since then, it has hit #1 on Billboards Hard Rock charts.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows
- **image**: Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows in Vegas.jpg
- **caption**: Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows in Las Vegas Valley, Las Vegas after performing their first ever Nevada show.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: D.R.U.G.S.
- **origin**: Pontiac, Michigan, Pontiac, Michigan United States, USA
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, alternative rock
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **label**: Sire Records, Sire, Decaydance Records, Decaydance
- **associated acts**: Chiodos, Underminded, From First to Last, Matchbook Romance, Cinematic Sunrise, Isles & Glaciers, The Sound of Animals Fighting, Story of the Year, The Color of Violence
- **url**: [http://www.thisisdrugs.com/ www.thisisdrugs.com]
- **current members**: Craig Owens
Matt Good
Nick Martin
Adam Russell
Aaron Stern
Denise Welch

**Jacqueline Denise Welch** (born 22 May 1958) is an English actress, television personality, writer and broadcaster. She is most famous for portraying the roles of Natalie Barnes in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (1997–2000), and Steph Haydock in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2010, 2026–present). Welch is also known for her appearances as a regular panellist on the ITV chat show _Loose Women_ (2000–2002, 2005–2013, 2018–present). From 2021 to 2022, she appeared as Trish Minniver in the Channel 4 soap opera _Hollyoaks_.

Welch's other acting roles include the television dramas _Spender_ (1991–1993), _Soldier Soldier_ (1993–1995), and _Down to Earth_ (2004–2005). In 2011, she was a contestant on the sixth series of _Dancing on Ice_, where she was partnered with professional skater Matt Evers and in 2012, she won the ninth series of _Celebrity Big Brother_.

## Personal life

Welch was born in Tynemouth, Northumberland and currently lives in Cheshire.

Welch confessed that her marriage was nearly ruined because of her mental illness, as well as an affair she had during her depression. In April 2010, her 320-page autobiography _Pulling Myself Together_ was published, in which she describes how she overcame her problems with alcohol, drugs and depression. It became a best-seller in the UK.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Denise Welch
- **image**: Denise Welch.png
- **caption**: Publicity photo of Welch
- **birth name**: Jacqueline Denise Welch
- **birth place**: Northumberland, Tynemouth, Northumberland, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **known for**: Role of List of Coronation Street characters#Natalie Barnes, Natalie Barnes on _Coronation Street_ (1997–2000)
 Role of Steph Haydock on _Waterloo Road (TV series), Waterloo Road_ (2006–2010, 2026–present)
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2; including The 1975#Band members, Matthew Healy
- **website**: [http://www.officialdenisewelch.co.uk Official website]
Georgia Engel

**Georgia Bright Engel** (July 28, 1948 – April 12, 2019) was an American actress. She was the voice of Bobbie in the _Open Season_ franchise.  She was also on _The Mary Tyler Moore Show_ and on _Everybody Loves Raymond_.  She had two Emmy nominations for both shows. She was born in Washington, D.C..

She played a good witch in the 2007 recurring role of Esmeralda on the NBC soap opera _Passions_.

Engel died of unknown causes in Princeton, New Jersey on April 12, 2019 at the age of 70.
Kazusa Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Chiba Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  It was also known as  or .

The ancient capital city of the province was in or near Ichihara, Chiba.

## History

Kazusa was originally part of a larger territory known as , which was divided into Kazusa Province and Shimōsa Province during the reign of Emperor Kōtoku (645-654). Part of Kazusa was made into Awa Province during the reign of Empress Genshō.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Kazusa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples

_Tamasaki jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Kazusa.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Equal Vision Records

**Equal Vision Records** is a record label based in Albany, New York. The record label focuses in metal or punk-based rock genres. Equal Vision Records was founded in the early 1990s by Ray Cappo. In July 2009, Equal Vision Records made a sub-label named "Mantralogy." This sub-label will feature bands that "deliver edgy, Krishna-conscious music."

## Infobox (record label)

- **name**: Equal Vision Records
- **founded**: 1990
- **founder**: Ray Cappo
- **distributor**: Alternative Distribution Alliance (USA)
- **genre**: Various
- **country**: United States
- **location**: Albany, New York
- **url**: [http://www.equalvision.com/ equalvision.com]
Jon Favreau

**Jonathan Kolia** "**Jon**" **Favreau** (; born October 19, 1966) is an American movie director, actor, comedian, screenwriter, and voice actor. He appeared in such movies as _Elf_ (in which he was also the director) and _Open Season_ (but got replaced by Matt Taylor for the rest of the series). He is also known for directing _Iron Man_ and _The Jungle Book_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jon Favreau
- **image**: Jon Favreau 2016.jpeg
- **caption**: Favreau in 2016
- **birth name**: Jonathan Kolia Favreau
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **children**: Max Favreau
Madeleine Favreau
Brighton Rose Favreau
Associação Sportiva Sociedade Unida

**Associação Sportiva Sociedade Unida** is a football club which plays in Brazil.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: ASSU
- **fullname**: Associação Sportiva Sociedade Unida
- **founded**: 2002
- **ground**: Estádio Edgarzão,
Assu, Brazil
- **capacity**: 4,000
- **chairman**: Dailson Machado
- **manager**: Ademilson Almeida
Gemma Arterton

**Gemma Christina Arterton** (born 12 January 1986) is a British actress. She was born and raised in Gravesend, Kent and lives in London.

## Background

Gemma was born on 1986 and studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She starred in St Trinian's, was a Bond girl in Quantum of Solace and played the title character in Tamara Drewe. She co-starred with Justin Timberlake in the 2013 film Runner Runner.

She was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2011.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gemma Arterton
- **image**: Gemma Arterton 4, 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Arterton in 2013
- **birth name**: Gemma Christina Arterton
- **birth place**: Gravesend, Kent, England
- **yearsactive**: 2007–present
- **occupation**: Actress
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **spouse**: Stefano Catelli
(m. 2010-2015, divorced)
- **relatives**: Hannah Arterton (sister)
Paedophryne

***Paedophryne*** is a genus of microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea. All six species known so far are amongst the smallest frog and vertebrate species.

## _Paedophryne amauensis_

***Paedophryne amauensis*** is a recently discovered species of frog from Papua New Guinea. Only  long, it is the world's smallest known vertebrate.

### Discovery

The frog species was discovered in August of 2009 by Christopher Austin when exploring Papua New Guinea. The National Science Foundation sponsored the exploration.

### Characteristics

The frog is a millimeter smaller than the previous record holder for being the world's smallest vertebrate – a species of carp (_Paedocypris progenetica_) from Indonesia. The frog mainly lives on land. According to its discoverers, the life cycle of the frog does not include a tadpole stage.
Travis Lane Stork

**Travis Lane Stork, MD** (born March 9, 1972, in Fort Collins, Colorado) is an American emergency physician and television personality. He is best known for being _The Bachelor_, and as the host of the syndicated daytime talk show, _The Doctors_.

## Medical career

Stork graduated _magna cum laude_ from Duke University, and earned his M.D. from the University of Virginia. He completed his emergency medicine residency at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Before returning to Vanderbilt as a faculty physician, he worked as an attending physician in a private hospital system in Colorado. Dr. Stork currently splits his time between Nashville and Los Angeles, where he hosts the syndicated television show "The Doctors".

## _The Bachelor_

While Stork was finishing his residency program, he met the producers of _The Bachelor_ by chance. They invited him to interview for the show. In 2006, Stork was the bachelor during season 8 of _The Bachelor._ During the season finale of the show, Stork chose school teacher, Sarah Stone, who coincidentally lived only a few blocks away from his residence. He proposed a relationship instead of marriage. After the series ended, they broke up. In May 2011 Travis got engaged to his girlfriend of two years, Dr. Charlotte Brown, a Nashville native.

## _The Doctors_

In 2007 Stork was selected to serve as the lead host on _The Doctors_, a Los Angeles-based daytime medical/talk show, produced by Jay McGraw, son of Dr. Phil McGraw, which debuted in September 2008. On the show, Stork heads a panel of three other physicians from different fields (pediatrics, plastic surgery and obstetrics) as they discuss health issues and answer audience questions. The idea came about from a series of _Dr. Phil_ show segments. Stork has been a frequent contributor on _Dr. Phil_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Travis Stork
- **image**: DrTravisStorkByPhilKonstantin.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: Dr. Travis Stork in San Diego in 2008
- **birth place**: Fort Collins, Colorado
- **occupation**: Emergency physician and television personality
Brad Womack

**Stephen Bradley Womack** (born November 10, 1972 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American entrepreneur. He is the co-owner of Austin, Texas bars Dizzy Rooster and Chugging Monkey. Brad has an identical twin brother named Chad. He is best known to the American television audience as the bachelor of the eleventh season of the reality dating show _The Bachelor_  in which he became the first Bachelor not to choose either of the two finalists.  In 2011, Womack returned for a second turn as _The Bachelor_.

## Other websites

- ABC Brad Womack bio
- Brad Womack pictures and bio

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brad Womack
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia
- **occupation**: Bar Owner
Hida Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

## History

In the late 1580s, Kanamori Nagachika occupied Hida Province.  Kanamori's heirs held the province through the Edo Period when it came under direct rule by the Tokugawa shogunate.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Hida Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples

_Hidaichinomiya-Minashi jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Hida.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Kōzuke Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Gunma Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It is also known as  or .

The ancient capital city of the province was near Maebashi.

## History

In the Nara period, Kōzuke was part of Keno Province.  This was changed in the reforms of the Taihō Code in 701.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Kōzuke Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples

_Ichinomiyanukisaki jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Kōzuke.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Mino Province

, one of the List of Provinces of Japan, encompassed part of modern-day Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

Mino had borders with Echizen, Hida, Ise, Mikawa, Ōmi, Owari, and Shinano Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Tarui. The main castle town was at Gifu.

## History

In 713, the road crossing through Mino and Shinano provinces was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers.

In 1600, the Battle of Sekigahara took place at the western edge of Mino, near the mountains between the Chūbu region and the Kinki region.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Mino Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Shrines and Temples

_Shitori jinja_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Mino.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Cody Cameron

**Cody Cameron** (born October 12, 1970) is an American voice actor, writer, animator, director, artist, and screenwriter. He is the voice of many characters; this includes Pinocchio and the Three Little Pigs in the _Shrek_ series and Mr. Weenie in the _Open Season_ series.

## Career

Cameron first started his career at DreamWorks Animation and wrote dialogue and storyboarding for the _Shrek_ movies, _Shark Tale_, and the 2005 _Madagascar_ movie.

In 2004, he decided to leave DreamWorks to join a brand new job at Sony Pictures Animation, where he worked as an actor in the _Open Season_ series as Mr. Weenie, directed _Open Season 3_ and _The ChubbChubbs Save Xmas_ (in which he also co-wrote), and worked as a story artist on _Surf's Up_ and the _Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs_ movies.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2000|_Chicken Run_||Additional story||
|rowspan="3"|2001|_Shrek_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs|Story artist Additional dialogue|
|_Shrek in the Swamp Karaoke Dance Party_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||||
|_Morto the Magician_||Special thanks|||
|rowspan="2"|2003|_Shrek 4D_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||
|_Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas_||Additional Storyboard artist|||
|rowspan="2"|2004|_Shrek 2_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs|Additional dialogue|
|_Far Far Away Idol_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||||
|2005|_Madagascar_|Willie|Additional story artist||
|rowspan="2"|2006|_Open Season_|Mr. Weenie||
|_Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run_|Mr. Weenie||||
|rowspan="3"|2007|_Surf's Up_||Story artist|
|_Shrek the Third_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs Ogre Baby|Additional dialogue Story artist|||
|_The ChubbChubbs Save Xmas_|Elf Aliens|Writer|||
|2008|_Open Season 2_|Mr. Weenie|||
|2009|_Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs_|Additional voices|||
|rowspan="4"|2010|_Shrek Forever After_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||
|_Open Season 3_|Mr. Weenie Nate Distinctive Dog|Director|||
|_Scared Shrekless_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||||
|_Donkey's Christmas Shrektacular_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||||
|rowspan="2"|2011|_Thriller Night_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs||
|_The Pig Who Cried Werewolf_|Horst||||
|2013|_Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2_|Barry the Strawberry Dill Pickles|Director||
|2018|_Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse_||Story artist||
|2022|_Puss in Boots: The Last Wish_|Pinocchio|Additional story artist||

## Television

|Year|Title|Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007|_Shrek the Halls_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs|Made for television Voice||
|rowspan="2"|2010|_Scared Shrekless_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs|Made for television Voice|
|_Donkey's Christmas Shrektacular_|Pinocchio Three Little Pigs|Made for television Voice|||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cody Cameron
- **image**: Cody Cameron, 2013 San Diego Comic Con-cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Cody Cameron in 2013
- **birth place**: United States
- **alias**: Codie Cameron, Coddy Cameron
- **occupation**: Voice actor, writer, animator, director, artist, screenwriter
- **years active**: 1999-present
Fred Stoller

**Frederick "Fred" Stoller** (born March 19, 1958) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist and writer. He is best known for recurring role on _Everyone Loves Raymond_. He has been in many movies  such as the _Open Season_ franchise and _Austin Powers in Goldmember_. Stoller has been very active as a guest star on many  Television series. He has been on _Wizards of Waverly Place_, _Hannah Montana_, _Dharma & Greg_, _Seinfeld_, and _Scrubs_ as well as many others. He wrote two episodes of _Seinfeld_.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (comedian)

- **embed**: yes
- **genre**: Comedy


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fred Stoller
- **image**: Fred Stoller (12962499783) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Stoller in 2012
- **birth name**: Frederick Stoller
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **notable works**: _Everybody Loves Raymond_
Ryūkyū Domain

was a domain of Japan in the area of Okinawa Prefecture at the Pacific edge of the East China Sea.

## History

In 1609, Japanese forces invaded the Ryūkyū Kingdom.  After this, the Ryukyuan kings were forced to pay annual tribute to the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province.

After the Meiji Restoration, the kingdom was replaced by the Ryūkyū Domain which existed from 1872 through 1879.

In 1879, Okinawa Prefecture was established.

## Shrines and Temples

_Naminoue Shrine_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of the Ryukyu Islands.  In 1890, the shrine was recognized in the system of State Shinto.  It is among the ranked, nationally significant shrines or  which includes five sanctuaries.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Tane Province

was an island province of Japan in the area of Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. The history of the province started in 674 and ended in 824.

## History

Kofun burial mounds are found on Tanegashima. Two very old Shinto shrines on Yakushima suggest that these islands were the southern border of the Yamato state.

Annals of the Nara period regard Tane-no-kuni as the name for all the Ryukyu Islands, including Tanegashima and Yakushima.

### Timeline

- **674** {_Temmu 2_): Ambassadors of _Tane no kuni_ were received in the Japanese court.

- **702** (_Taihō 2_):  The _Shoku Nihongi_ records,  "Satsuma and Tane broke the relation and disobey to the king's order. So (the government) sent an army, conquered them, counted the population, and placed the officials."

- **824** (_Tenchō 1_): Tane was made part of Ōsumi Province.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Michelle Murdocca

**Michelle Murdocca** (born September 20, 1963) is an American actress, producer, voice artist, and comedienne. She is the voice of Maria in the _Open Season_ series.  She produced the 2012 movie series _Hotel Transylvania_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michelle Murdocca
- **birth place**: New York City, USA
- **alias**: Michelle Murdoca, Michele Murdocca, Michele Murdoca
- **occupation**: Producer, actress, voice artist, comedienne,
- **years active**: 1988-present
- **spouse**: John Murdocca (m. 1997)
- **children**: Chloe Chen, Isabella Chen
Jeff Cardoni

**Jeffrey E. "Jeff" Cardoni** (born January 1972) is an American composer. He can play many different instruments. He studied classical piano before playing drums and guitar in many bands. He was in the rock band Alien Crime Syndicate for a short time. After graduating James M. Coughlin High School, Cardoni studied engineering at Pennsylvania State University between 1988 and 1991.

He is best known for his work on television projects such as _CSI: Miami_, _The Defenders_, _The League_, and movie scores, such as _Just Friends_, _Firehouse Dog_, _Miss March_, _Open Season 3_ and _Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay_. Cardoni performed the music for _Open Season 3_.

## Early life

Cardoni was born in January 1970.

### Film scores

- _Firehouse Dog_
- _Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay_
- _Just Friends_
- _Miss March_
- _Open Season 3_

## Awards and nominations

He has won many awards from the American Society of Composers, Artists and Publishers (ASCAP) for his musical scores on television.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jeff Cardoni
- **image**: Jeff Cardoni by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jeffrey E. Cardoni
- **birth date**: January 1972
- **origin**: United States
- **instrument**: Singer, Vocals, piano
- **genre**: Piano rock, comedy rock
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, arrangement, arranger, musician
Diedrich Bader

**Karl Diedrich Bader** (born December 24, 1966), better known as **Diedrich Bader**, is an American actor, comedian, and voice actor.

Many know him for his roles as the self-defense instructor Rex from _Napoleon Dynamite_, Oswald Harvey from _The Drew Carey Show_, Charlie Davies from _Outsourced _ and his voice portrayal of Batman on _Batman: The Brave and the Bold_.  Bader is also well remembered in his voice roles as the android Zeta in the _Batman Beyond_ spinoff, _The Zeta Project_, Warp Darkmatter in _Buzz Lightyear of Star Command_, the Fiskerton Phantom in _The Secret Saturdays_, and his recurring role as Hoss Delgado in _The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Diedrich Bader by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Bader in July 2011
- **birthname**: Karl Diedrich Bader
- **birth place**: Alexandria, Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian, voice actor
- **yearsactive**: 1988–present
Iwaki Province (718)

was an old province in the area that is today Fukushima Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  The history of the province started in 718 and ended between 722 and 724.

## History

Iwaki Province was created during the reign of Empress Genshō.

## Related pages

- Iwaki Province (1868)
- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Iwaki Province (1868)

was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  It was sometimes called .  The history of the province started in 1868 and ended in 1869.

## History

During the Edo period and early Meiji period, the Date clan were daimyo in the area.

## Related pages

- Iwaki Province (718)
- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal

The **United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal** was a major political scandal in the United Kingdom. It was caused by leaked expense claims made by members of the United Kingdom Parliament over several years. _The Daily Telegraph_ leaked the claims in 2009. The claims showed that MPs had misused the expenses system to gain money. This made the British public very angry. The scandal made lots of MPs leave or be sacked, and it made them apologise and pay money back. Some people were prosecuted and put in prison.
Kevin Michael Richardson

**Kevin Michael Richardson ** (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor, producer, writer and voice artist.

## Personal life

Richardson married his wife Monica in May 2006. They have two children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kevin Michael Richardson
- **image**: Kevin Michael Richardson (25875895270).jpg
- **caption**: Richardson at the 2016 San Diego Comic Con
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **alias**: Kevin M. Richards, Kevin Michael Richards, Kevin M. Richardson, Kevin Richardson, KMR
- **occupation**: Actor, voice artist
- **yearsactive**: 1989 – present
- **spouse**: Monica Richardson (2006–present)
- **website**: http://www.kevinmichaelrichardson.com
Gordon Tootoosis

**Gordon Tootoosis** (born October 25, 1941 – July 5, 2011) was a Canadian actor, voice artist, and comedian. He was of Cree and Stoney descent. Tootoosis was a descendant of Yellow Mud Blanket, brother of the famous Cree leader Pitikwahanapiwiyin. In _Open Season_ (2006), he voiced Sheriff Gordy. He played the same role in _Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run_ (2006). In July 2011, he died in the hospital from pneumonia, aged 69.