juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tavey

**Tavey** is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Héricourt.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tavey
- **image**: 2016-09 - Tavey - 12.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Tavey
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Tavey (Haute-Saône).svg
- **insee**: 70497
- **postal code**: 70400
- **arrondissement**: Lure
- **canton**: Héricourt-2
- **commune**: Héricourt, Haute-Saône, Héricourt
- **elevation min m**: 336
- **elevation max m**: 448
- **area km2**: 2.96
- **population**: 494
- **population date**: 2019
Meythet

**Meythet** is a former commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Haute-Savoie department in southeast France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Annecy.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Meythet
- **image**: Mairie meythet A 28avril02.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Meythet
- **arrondissement**: Annecy
- **canton**: Annecy-1
- **commune**: Annecy
- **insee**: 74182
- **postal code**: 74960
- **elevation min m**: 411
- **elevation max m**: 460
- **area km2**: 3.24
- **population**: 8346
- **population date**: 2019
- **demonym**: Meythésan / Meythésane
- **website**: [http://www.mairie-meythet.fr/ www.mairie-meythet.fr]
Malans, Haute-Saône

**Malans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Killing of Cheryl Noel

**Cheryl Noel was killed** by police on January 21, 2005. The killing of Cheryl Noel happened in Baltimore County, Maryland. She lived in Baltimore County, Maryland. The killing of Cheryl Noel was done by a SWAT team. The SWAT team killed Cheryl Noel during a no knock drug raid. She used a gun. She used the gun to defend: herself; and her family; and her home. She used the gun because: it was early in the morning; the SWAT team did not say anything before breaking in. The gun was a gun which the law allowed her to have. This raid has become controversial. The killing of Cheryl Noel has become controversial. The things that happened because of this raid have become controversial. The reasons the police have given for the killing of Cheryl Noel have become controversial.

## Things like this

Cheryl Noel's family went to court against the SWAT team which killed Cheryl Noel. In 2011 a court said that the SWAT team did not have to pay Cheryl Noel's family money.

The SWAT officer who killed Cheryl Noel killed someone else in 2012. The 2012 was almost the same as the killing of Cheryl Noel.
Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar

**Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar** (5 November 1838-17 October 1916); also known as Bapusaheb was the penultimate Raja of Phaltan between 1841 and 1916. His reign was one of the Longest in Indian history.

## Life

Born on 5th November 1838; succeeded to gadi as a minor on 7th December 1841, and installed as ruler 26th March 1860. The late Deshmukh Janrao died without issue in 1841; therefore his widow, Sahebjibdi, adopted the present Chief, and a nazar of a large amount was paid on the occasion to the Raja of Satara, of which State Phaltan was a feudatory. He attended the 1911 Delhi Durbar at the age of 72. He witnessed the start of World War I. He died at the age of 77 on 17 October 1916. He was succeeded by his son and heir Maloji IV Rao Mudhojirao Naik Nimbalkar.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar
- **title**: Raja of Phaltan
- **image**: Mudhojirao alias Bapusaheb Naik Nimbalkar of Phaltan.jpg
- **caption**: Photo (taken in 1911)
- **reign**: 7 December 1841-17 October 1916 (74 years)
- **coronation**: 26 March 1860
- **predecessor**: Bajaji II Rao Nimbalkar
- **successor**: Maloji IV Rao Mudhojirao Naik Nimbalkar
- **house**: Nimbalkar
- **birth date**: 5 November 1838
Vincenzo Aloi

**Vincenzo Aloi** (born September 22, 1933) is an American mobster involved in stock fraud who briefly served as the acting boss of the Colombo crime family.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Vincenzo Aloi
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
Ray Norton

**Otis Ray Norton** (September 22, 1937) was an American sprinter who competed in the 1960 Olympics in Rome.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Ray Norton
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **sport**: Sprint running
- **club**: Santa Clara Valley Youth Village
- **collegeteam**: San Jose State College
- **birth place**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **show-medals**: yes
Uwe Jacobsen

**Uwe Jacobsen** (born 22 September 1940) is a former German freestyle swimmer. He competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **birth place**: Aschersleben, Germany
José Carlos da Silva José

**José Carlos da Silva José** (22 September 1941 – 26 April 2025), known as **José Carlos**, was a Portuguese footballer and manager. He mainly played as central defender for Sporting CP, who he joined in 1962. He would make a total of 348 appearances for them, winning three Primeira Divisão titles, four Taça de Portugals, and the 1963–64 European Cup Winners' Cup. Shortly after the 1966 FIFA World Cup, Sporting rejected a transfer offer from La Liga club FC Barcelona to sign him.

He was capped 36 times for Portugal, and played for them at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He made his Portugal debut on 19 March 1961, during a 6–0 win against Luxembourg in 1962 FIFA World Cup qualifying. His last appearance would be nearly ten years later, in a 5–0 win against Denmark in the UEFA Euro 1972 UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying.

José Carlos died on 26 April 2025 at the age of 83 .

## Honours

- Sporting CP
- Primeira Divisão: 1965–66, 1969–70, 1973–74
- Taça de Portugal: 1962–63, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1973–74
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1963–64

- Portugal
- FIFA World Cup third place: 1966

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: José Carlos
- **fullname**: José Carlos da Silva José
- **birth place**: Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: G.D. Fabril, CUF
- **years1**: 1960–1962
- **clubs1**: G.D. Fabril, CUF
- **caps1**: 51
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 1962–1974
- **clubs2**: Sporting CP
- **caps2**: 248
- **goals2**: 3
- **years3**: 1974–1975
- **clubs3**: S.C. Braga, Braga
- **totalcaps**: 299
- **totalgoals**: 4
- **nationalyears1**: 1961–1971
- **nationalteam1**: Portugal national football team, Portugal
- **nationalcaps1**: 36
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1975
- **managerclubs1**: Clube Oriental de Lisboa, Oriental
- **manageryears2**: 1975–1976
- **managerclubs2**: S.C. Braga, Braga
- **manageryears3**: 1978
- **managerclubs3**: Boavista F.C., Boavista
- **manageryears4**: 1980–1981
- **managerclubs4**: Varzim S.C., Varzim
- **manageryears5**: 1981–1982
- **managerclubs5**: G.D. Chaves, Chaves
- **manageryears6**: 1982–1984
- **managerclubs6**: R.D. Águeda, Águeda
- **manageryears7**: 1984–1985
- **managerclubs7**: Gil Vicente F.C., Gil Vicente
- **manageryears8**: 1985–1986
- **managerclubs8**: União de Santarém, União Santarém
- **manageryears9**: 1986–1988
- **managerclubs9**: Gil Vicente F.C., Gil Vicente
- **manageryears10**: 1988–1989
- **managerclubs10**: U.S.C. Paredes, Paredes
- **manageryears11**: 1989–1990
- **managerclubs11**: AD Fafe, Fafe
- **manageryears12**: 1990–1992
- **managerclubs12**: Valpaços
- **manageryears13**: 1993–1994
- **managerclubs13**: Lanheses
- **manageryears14**: 1995
- **managerclubs14**: F.C. Penafiel, Penafiel
- **manageryears15**: 1996–2001
- **managerclubs15**: S.C. Dragões Sandinenses, Dragões Sandinenses
- **manageryears16**: 2004–2005
- **managerclubs16**: S.C. Lourinhanense, Lourinhanense
Larry Jones

**Larry Jones** (September 22, 1942 – August 16, 2025) was an American professional basketball player. He played six seasons in the American Basketball Association (ABA) for the Denver Rockets, The Floridians, Utah Stars, and Dallas Chaparrals. He also played two seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

On January 15, 1970, Jones became the first player in ABA history to record 5,000 points.

Jones died on August 16, 2025 at the age of 82.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Larry Jones
- **image**: Larry Jones basketball.jpeg
- **width**: 175
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 180
- **birth place**: Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
- **high school**: East High School (Columbus, Ohio), East (Columbus, Ohio)
- **college**: Toledo Rockets men's basketball, Toledo (1960–1964)
- **draft year**: 1964
- **draft round**: 3
- **draft pick**: 20
- **draft team**: Philadelphia 76ers
- **career start**: 1964
- **career end**: 1974
- **career number**: 12, 32, 23, 22
- **career position**: Point guard / shooting guard
- **coach start**: 1976
- **coach end**: 1984
- **team1**: Philadelphia 76ers
- **years2**: 1965
- **team2**: →Wilkes-Barre Barons
- **years3**: 1965–1967
- **team3**: Wilkes-Barre Barons
- **years4**: 1967–68 ABA season, 1967–1969–70 ABA season, 1970
- **team4**: Denver Rockets
- **years5**: 1970–71 ABA season, 1970–1971–72 ABA season, 1972
- **team5**: Miami Floridians, Floridians
- **years6**: 1972–73 ABA season, 1972
- **team6**: Utah Stars
- **years7**: 1972–1973
- **team7**: Dallas Chaparrals
- **team8**: Philadelphia 76ers
- **years9**: 1975
- **team9**: European Professional Basketball League#Munich Eagles, Munich Eagles
- **cyears1**: –
- **cteam1**: Detroit Pistons (assistant)
- **cyears2**: 1978–1979
- **cteam2**: Las Vegas Dealers
- **cyears3**: 1984
- **cteam3**: Columbus Minks
- **highlights**: * 4× ABA All-Star (1968 ABA All-Star Game, 1968–1971 ABA All-Star Game, 1971)
* 3× All-ABA First Team (1967–68 ABA season, 1968–1969–70 ABA season, 1970)
* First-team All-Mid-American Conference, MAC (1962)
- **stats league**: NBA and ABA
- **stat1label**: Point (basketball), Points
- **stat1value**: 10,505 (19.1 ppg)
- **stat2label**: Rebound (basketball), Rebounds
- **stat2value**: 2,725 (4.9 rpg)
- **stat3label**: Assist (basketball), Assists
- **stat3value**: 2,030 (3.7 apg)
- **bbr**: jonesla01
José Pereira

**José Costa Pereira** <small>MPIH</small> (15 September 1933) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was nicknamed _Pássaro Azul_ (Blue Bird).

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: José Pereira
- **fullname**: José Costa Pereira
- **birth place**: Torres Vedras, Portugal
- **height**: 1.77 m
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1952–1967
- **clubs1**: C.F. Os Belenenses, Belenenses
- **caps1**: 302
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1967–1971
- **clubs2**: S.C. Beira-Mar, Beira-Mar
- **nationalyears1**: 1965–1966
- **nationalteam1**: Portugal national football team, Portugal
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Martí Filosia

**Narcís Martí Filosia** (15 September 1945) is a Spanish footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Martí Filosia
- **fullname**: Narcís Martí Filosia
- **birth place**: Palafrugell, Spain
- **position**: Midfielder#Attacking midfielder, Attacking midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: FC Palafrugell, Palafrugell
- **youthclubs2**: FC Barcelona, Barcelona
- **years1**: 1964–1966
- **clubs1**: CD Condal, Condal
- **caps1**: 28
- **goals1**: 16
- **years2**: 1966–1975
- **clubs2**: FC Barcelona, Barcelona
- **caps2**: 89
- **goals2**: 16
- **years3**: 1968
- **clubs3**: → CD Condal, Condal (loan)
- **caps3**: 3
- **goals3**: 3
- **years4**: 1975–1977
- **clubs4**: UE Sant Andreu, Sant Andreu
- **caps4**: 66
- **goals4**: 13
- **totalcaps**: 186
- **totalgoals**: 48
- **nationalyears1**: 1964
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national under-18 football team, Spain U18
- **nationalcaps1**: 5
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
- **nationalyears2**: 1965
- **nationalteam2**: Spain national football team, Spain amateur
- **nationalcaps2**: 4
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
Bob Gassoff

**Robert Allen Gassoff** (April 17, 1953 – May 29, 1977) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of four seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), all for the St. Louis Blues.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Gassoff played parts of two seasons with the Medicine Hat Tigers in the Western Hockey League (WHL).

Gassoff was drafted 48th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1973 NHL Entry Draft. He would also be drafted by the 33rd overall by the Minnesota Fighting Saints in the 1973 WHA amateur draft.

On January 23, 1974, Gassoff made his NHL debut in a 4–1 defeat against the Pittsburgh Penguins. His first point would be an assist on a Pierre Plante goal in a 7–1 victory against the Atlanta Flames on February 19. Gassoff scored his first NHL goal in a 5–1 victory against the California Golden Seals on December 3, 1974.

## Personal life

Gassoff's brother Brad also played in the National Hockey League (NHL). His son would also play hockey before retiring and becoming a Navy SEAL.

On May 29, 1977, Gassoff's career and life were cut short after he was killed in motorcycle accident. He was riding downhill without a helmet and crashed head-on with a car near the property of Blues teammate Garry Unger. Unger had questioned Gassoff if it was a good idea to drive since he had been drinking earlier in the day.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Quesnel, British Columbia, Quesnel, British Columbia, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: near Gray Summit, Missouri, Gray Summit, Missouri, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 190
- **played for**: St. Louis Blues
- **draft**: 48th overall
- **draft year**: 1973
- **draft team**: St. Louis Blues
- **wha draft**: 33rd overall
- **wha draft year**: 1973
- **wha draft team**: Minnesota Fighting Saints
- **career start**: 1973
- **career end**: 1977
Michael Ruse

**Michael Escott Ruse**  (21 June 1940 – 1 November 2024) was a British-born Canadian philosopher of science. His works focused in the philosophy of biology. He worked on the relationship between science and religion, the creation–evolution controversy, and the demarcation problem in science.

Ruse was born in Birmingham, England. He studied at University of Bristol and at McMaster University. Ruse taught at the University of Guelph and at Florida State University.

Ruse died on 1 November 2024 at the age of 84.

## Other websites

- Can a Christian be a Darwinian? Lecture given in 2007 at The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
- Speech by Michael Ruse 1993 to American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Biography and summary of Gifford Lectures  (2001, University of Glasgow), by Dr Brannon Hancock
- An autobiographical interview with Michael Ruse at What Is It Like to Be a Philosopher?

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **name**: Michael Ruse
- **image**: Michael Ruse photo scruffy Mcgruff and pet human (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ruse in 2020
- **birth name**: Michael Escott Ruse
- **birth place**: Birmingham, England
- **region**: Western Philosophy
- **era**: Contemporary philosophy
- **school tradition**: Analytic philosophy
- **main interests**: Philosophy of biology
Philosophy of science
- **notable ideas**: Orthogenesis as the view that evolution has a kind of momentum of its own that carries organisms along certain tracks
- **institutions**: Florida State University (2000–2024)
University of Guelph (1965–2000)
- **doctoral students**: David Castle (philosopher), David Castle
- **children**: 5
Constitution of San Marino

The **Constitution of San Marino** consists of a series of legal documents and statutes developed over centuries. It forms the legal and political foundation of the Republic of San Marino. It is regarded as one of the world’s oldest constitutions still in effect. The foundational document, known as the "Statutes of 1600," codifies various laws and principles that are essential to the governance of the republic, some of which date back to as early as the 13th century.

## Historical background

The development of San Marino’s constitution began in the 13th century when the republic started formalizing its governance through a series of statutes and laws. The primary legal document, known as the "Statutes of 1600," was ratified as a comprehensive framework to govern the republic. These statutes outlined San Marino’s commitment to independence, justice, and democratic values, principles that continue to guide the country’s governance today.

San Marino’s constitution has evolved through amendments and additional laws, but its core principles remain rooted in historical statutes. This legal continuity is seen as one of the reasons behind the country’s political stability and independence.

## Related pages

- Grand and General Council
- Captains Regent
- Politics of San Marino

## Infobox (constitution)

- **document name**: Constitution of San Marino
- **date created**: Gradually codified from the 13th to 17th centuries
- **date ratified**: 1600 (as a comprehensive legal framework)
- **location of document**: San Marino
- **system**: Constitutional republic
- **branches**: Executive, Legislative, Judicial
- **date last amended**: Various amendments
- **writer**: Compilation of historic statutes and laws
- **signers**: Representatives of the Republic of San Marino
Guarantors' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules

The **Guarantors' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules** (Italian: _Collegio Garante della Costituzionalità delle Norme_) is the constitutional court of the Republic of San Marino. Established in 2002, this judicial body is tasked with overseeing the constitutionality of laws and regulations to ensure they align with the constitutional principles of San Marino.

## History

The Guarantors' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules was established in 2002, following constitutional reforms aimed at enhancing the judicial oversight within San Marino. Prior to this, there was no dedicated court to review the constitutionality of the legislation in San Marino.

## Structure and function

The Guarantors' Panel is composed of judges appointed by the Grand and General Council of San Marino. The panel serves as the guardian of constitutional legality, with the authority to review laws, decrees, and regulations to ensure compliance with the Constitution of San Marino. Its rulings are binding and cannot be appealed, making it the final arbiter on matters of constitutional law in San Marino.

## Notable cases

The Guarantors' Panel has ruled on several landmark cases, setting important precedents in constitutional law. These decisions have reinforced the rights of individuals and clarified the boundaries of government powers under the Constitution.

## Related pages

- Constitution of San Marino
- Politics of San Marino

## Infobox (government agency)

- **name**: Guarantors' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules
- **native name**: Collegio Garante della Costituzionalità delle Norme
- **logo width**: 150px
- **formed**: 2002
- **jurisdiction**: San Marino
- **headquarters**: City of San Marino, San Marino
- **chief1 name**: [Current President's Name]
- **chief1 position**: President
- **parent agency**: Constitutional Framework of San Marino
Flying inflatable boat

A **flying inflatable boat** is a light craft consisting of an inflatable boat  with a self-propelled delta wing. These boats, also called zodiacs,  use inflatable rubber tubes for buoyancy and are very popular for their ease of transport and storage, as well as their versatility in different bodies of water.

### Inflatable boat

- Construction Materials: Inflatable boats are made of durable materials such as PVC or Hypalon, which provide durability and resistance to marine conditions.
- Portability: They can be deflated and stored in compact bags, making them easy to transport and store.
- Common Uses: They are used in a variety of applications, from emergency rescues to recreational activities such as fishing and diving.

### Motorized Hang Glider

The most recent innovation in inflatable boat design is the incorporation of a delta wing, allowing the boat to fly. This flying craft is capable of combining aquatic navigation with flight, significantly expanding its capabilities and applications.

## Structure and Functioning

1. Delta Wing: A delta-shaped wing is attached to the craft, providing aerodynamic lift. The wing is light yet strong, designed to withstand the stresses of flight.
1. Propulsion: Equipped with a propeller motor that not only propels the boat through the water, but also provides the power needed for takeoff and flight.
1. Control System: The pilot controls the direction and altitude through a system of cables and pulleys connected to the delta wing and the propeller engine.

## Applications

- Rescue and Emergency: Perfect for search and rescue missions in areas inaccessible by land.
- Exploration and Science: Ideal for scientific explorations in remote and unexplored regions.
- Sports and Recreation: Offers an exciting experience for water and air sports enthusiasts.

## Safety and Regulations

Like any air or water vehicle, these vessels require proper training for safe operation. In addition, they must comply with national and international regulations for navigation and aviation.

## Detected cases in the Canary Islands

Recently, the Civil Guard in the Canary Islands has detected several cases of inflatable boats with flight capacity that are not approved in Spain. These vessels, although innovative, present significant risks if not used correctly and do not comply with established safety regulations.

## Literature

- _Manual Internacional de los Servicios Marítimos de Búsqueda y Salvamiento_ (en castellà). vol. 2: Coordinación de las Misiones. Londres, 2010. .
Numitor Silvius

**Numitor Silvius** was a legendary king of Alba Longa, an ancient city in central Italy and an ancestor of the founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. He was known for his just rule and is celebrated in Roman mythology as the grandfather of the legendary twins who went on to establish Rome. Numitor was the eldest son of Procas, who reigned before him as king of Alba Longa.

## Life and reign

Numitor inherited the throne of Alba Longa from his father, Procas. His reign, however, was disrupted by his younger brother, Amulius, who seized the throne in a violent coup. Amulius sought to ensure his power by forcing Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, into becoming a Vestal Virgin, which would prevent her from bearing any children who might challenge his rule. Despite this, Rhea Silvia gave birth to the twins Romulus and Remus, fathered by the god Mars, according to legend.

## Deposition by Amulius

After taking control, Amulius feared that any descendants of Numitor might reclaim the throne. To eliminate any potential threat, he ordered that Romulus and Remus be abandoned in the Tiber River. The twins, however, were miraculously saved and raised by a she-wolf (_lupa_) and later by a shepherd named Faustulus. When they grew older and learned of their royal heritage, Romulus and Remus gathered support, overthrew Amulius, and restored Numitor to the throne.

## Restoration and legacy

Numitor’s reign was restored following the defeat of Amulius by Romulus and Remus. Numitor’s support and blessings were instrumental in the establishment of Rome. Romulus, with Numitor's approval, went on to found the city of Rome, marking the beginning of Roman civilization. Numitor’s legacy continued through the founding of Rome, with his descendants considered among the city's first royal lineage.

## Mythological significance

Numitor's story represents themes of loyalty, justice, and divine destiny, as he is seen as a rightful king restored to power through his grandsons. His lineage ties the origins of Rome to the ancient kings of Alba Longa, giving the Romans a noble heritage connected to both divine and royal ancestry. This myth served to reinforce Roman ideals of family honor and the importance of loyalty to one’s lineage.

## Related pages

- Romulus and Remus
- Rhea Silvia
- Amulius
- Alba Longa
- Roman Kingdom

## References

- Livy, _Ab Urbe Condita_ (The History of Rome)
- Virgil, _Aeneid_
- Plutarch, _Parallel Lives_ - "The Life of Romulus"

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Numitor Silvius
- **title**: King of Alba Longa
- **caption**: Numitor with his grandsons, Romulus and Remus (artistic depiction)
- **reign**: c. 8th century BC
- **predecessor**: Procas
- **successor**: Romulus and Remus (founding of Rome)
- **spouse**: Unknown
- **issue**: Rhea Silvia
- **house**: House of Silvius
- **father**: Procas
- **religion**: Roman mythology
Amulius

**Amulius** was a mythological king of Alba Longa, known for his role in the story of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. He was the younger son of Procas, the king of Alba Longa, and is infamous for his usurpation of the throne from his elder brother, Numitor, and for his attempt to prevent the birth of future claimants to the throne.

## Background and usurpation of the throne

Amulius was born into the royal family of Alba Longa, part of the line descended from Aeneas, the Trojan hero. Upon the death of Procas, the kingship was meant to pass to the elder son, Numitor, but Amulius seized the throne by force. He exiled Numitor and took control of the kingdom. To prevent Numitor’s line from challenging his rule, he took drastic measures to eliminate any heirs.

## Rhea Silvia and the birth of Romulus and Remus

Amulius feared that any descendants of Numitor might one day attempt to reclaim the throne. To ensure this, he forced Numitor’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, to become a Vestal Virgin, which legally required her to remain celibate and childless. However, according to myth, Rhea Silvia was visited by the god Mars and bore twin sons, Romulus and Remus.

When Amulius learned of the birth of Romulus and Remus, he ordered the infants to be thrown into the Tiber River, hoping to eliminate any threat to his rule. However, the twins survived and were eventually raised by a she-wolf (_lupa_) and later by a shepherd named Faustulus.

## Downfall and death

As young men, Romulus and Remus learned of their true heritage and gathered a band of supporters. They attacked Alba Longa, overthrew Amulius, and restored their grandfather Numitor to the throne. In most versions of the myth, Amulius was killed during the uprising, bringing his rule to a violent end.

## Legacy and role in Roman mythology

Amulius’s story is central to the myth of Rome’s founding, embodying themes of tyranny and justice. He serves as a contrast to Numitor's just and rightful rule and plays a pivotal role in setting the stage for Romulus and Remus’s ascension. Amulius’s fear-driven actions and his attempt to thwart destiny ultimately led to his downfall and the establishment of Rome, fulfilling the divine prophecy connected to Romulus and Remus.

## Related pages

- Romulus and Remus
- Rhea Silvia
- Roman mythology

## References

- Livy, _Ab Urbe Condita_ (The History of Rome)
- Virgil, _Aeneid_
- Plutarch, _Parallel Lives_ - "The Life of Romulus"

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Amulius
- **title**: King of Alba Longa
- **caption**: Amulius, as depicted in a classical painting
- **reign**: c. 8th century BC
- **predecessor**: Procas
- **successor**: Numitor
- **issue**: None
- **house**: House of Silvius
- **father**: Procas
- **religion**: Roman mythology
Makoto Nagao

**Makoto Nagao** (October 4, 1936 – May 23, 2021) was a Japanese computer scientist. He worked in machine translation, natural language processing (NLP), and digital libraries.

## Early life and education

Nagao was born in Mie Prefecture, Japan. He studied at Kyoto University.

## Career

Nagao worked on machine translation, which helps computers change text from one language to another. He also worked on NLP, which helps computers understand human language. He made tools like KNP and Juman for the Japanese language. Nagao also worked on image processing and pattern recognition.

Nagao was the 23rd president of Kyoto University from 1997 to 2003. He was the director of the National Diet Library from 2007 to 2012.

## Awards

Nagao received many awards, including:
- IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award
- ACL Lifetime Achievement Award
- Japan Prize

## Legacy

Nagao's work in computer science, especially in machine translation and NLP, has had a lasting impact. He mentored many students who became notable in the field.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Makoto Nagao
- **image**: Makoto Nagao cropped Makoto Nagao 20141212.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Makoto Nagao
- **birth place**: Mie Prefecture, Japan
- **death place**: Kyoto, Japan
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **fields**: Computer science
- **alma mater**: Kyoto University
- **known for**: Machine translation, Natural language processing, Digital library, Digital libraries
Castelli Romani

The **Castelli Romani** ("Roman Castles") refers to a group of picturesque hill towns located in the Alban Hills, southeast of Rome in the region of Lazio, Italy. Known for their scenic landscapes, historical significance, and culinary traditions, the Castelli Romani towns have long been a favorite retreat for Romans looking to escape the heat and bustle of the city. Today, the area is popular with both local and international tourists for its rich cultural heritage, wines, and festivals.

## Geography

The Castelli Romani area is situated on the slopes of the volcanic Alban Hills, an ancient volcanic complex. The area is dotted with small towns and lakes, including Lake Albano and Lake Nemi, which are remnants of volcanic craters. The region's elevation and fertile volcanic soil make it suitable for vineyards, olive groves, and orchards, contributing to its reputation for high-quality wine and food.

## History

The Castelli Romani towns have ancient origins, with settlements dating back to the Latins, the early Italic tribes who were later incorporated into the Roman Republic. The area was historically significant as the center of the Latin League and the location of religious festivals dedicated to Jupiter at Monte Cavo. Over the centuries, the Alban Hills became a retreat for Roman elites, who built villas and estates there.

During the Middle Ages, many of these towns were fortified by noble families and came to be known as "castelli" (castles), a term that reflects their defensive structures. By the Renaissance, these towns became popular among wealthy Romans and popes, who established summer residences there to escape the hot climate of Rome.

## Wine and cuisine

The Castelli Romani area is renowned for its culinary traditions and winemaking, particularly the production of white wines such as Frascati. The area's volcanic soil and temperate climate make it ideal for vineyards, producing wines that are enjoyed both locally and abroad. Many towns hold annual food festivals celebrating local products, with Marino's famous grape festival drawing large crowds each October.

## Tourism and culture

The Castelli Romani has long been a popular tourist destination for its natural beauty, historical sites, and culinary offerings. The area features numerous trails, parks, and cultural events, including the _Sagra dell’Uva_ (Grape Festival) in Marino, the _Infiorata_ flower festival in Genzano, and many religious celebrations. The Regional Park of the Castelli Romani was established to protect the natural environment, preserving both the forests and traditional agricultural landscapes.

## Related pages

- Alban Hills
- Latium

## Infobox (region)

- **name**: Castelli Romani
- **native name**: Roman Castles
- **subdivision type**: Region
- **subdivision name**: Lazio, Italy
- **subdivision type1**: Metropolitan area
- **subdivision name1**: Rome
- **area total km2**: 184.3
- **population total**: approx. 283,000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **elevation m**: 450
- **timezone1**: CET
- **timezone1 dst**: CEST
Frascati (wine)

**Frascati** is a wine that is grown in Frascati, and a few villages around it. Frascati lies in the greater Rome area. The wines grown are either white wine, or spumante.
Digital library

A **digital library** (also called an **online library** or an **internet library**) is a place where digital objects are kept. These objects can be text, images, audio, video, or other digital media. Digital libraries can be accessed through the internet.

## History

The idea of digital libraries has roots in the 1960s and 1970s, when early efforts were made to digitize library collections and make them accessible electronically. The term "digital library" was popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994.

## Features

Digital libraries store digital content. This content can be digitized (scanned from physical items) or created digitally. They help people find and use information easily. Digital libraries can be very large or small and can be managed by individuals or organizations.

## Examples

Some well-known digital libraries are:
- Project Gutenberg
- Google Books
- Internet Archive

## Benefits

Digital libraries have many benefits:
- They are easy to access from anywhere with an internet connection.
- They can store a lot of information in a small space.
- They help preserve rare and old items by digitizing them.

## Challenges

Digital libraries also face challenges:
- Keeping digital content safe and accessible over time.
- Ensuring that everyone can access the digital content, including people with disabilities.
Buddhist symbolism

In Buddhism, the conch symbolizes the propagation of the law in the world. The conch also represents the universality and strength of the law. Conch shells were held sacred because of their clockwise spiraling structure, which was believed linked to the sun and heavenly constellations.
Colostethus imbricolus

**Silverstone's rocket frog** (_Colostethus imbricolus_) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home

This frog lives on the ground near streams in forests. Sometimes people see it on banana farms. Scientists saw the frog between 200 and 300 meters above sea level.

One of the places this frog lives is a protected park: Parque Nacional Utría.

## Young

After the eggs hatch, the female frog carries the tadpoles to streams, where they swim and grow.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. Humans cut down the forests to get wood to build with, to make towns, and to make farms. Some of the farms are legal and some are against the law. The chemicals that farmers put on the plants to make them grow can also hurt this frog.  There are gold mines near where the frogs live, and any frogs near the mines could be hurt or die.   Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis could kill this frog too, but they are not sure if it has killed many of these frogs or not.
Free Willy

***Free Willy*** is a 1993 American family drama film, directed by Simon Wincer, produced by Lauren Shuler Donner and Jennie Lew Tugend, written by Keith A. Walker and Corey Blechman from a story by Walker and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures under their Family Entertainment imprint. The film stars Jason James Richter in his film debut, Lori Petty, Jayne Atkinson, August Schellenberg, Michael Madsen and Michael Ironside with the eponymous character, Willy, played by Keiko.

## Other websites

- Official Warner Bros. site

The story is about a 12-year-old orphaned boy named Jesse who befriends a captive orca, Willy, at an ailing amusement park. When he discovers that the park owner has been planning to dispose of Willy, he hatches a scheme to break Willy out of captivity.
Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home

***Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home*** (also known as **Free Willy 2**) is a 1995 American family adventure drama film directed by Dwight Little from a screenplay by Karen Janszen, Corey Blechman and John Mattson. It is the sequel to the 1993 film Free Willy and second installment in the Free Willy film series distributed by Warner Bros. under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label.
Free Willy 3: The Rescue

***Free Willy 3: The Rescue*** is a 1997 American family film directed by Sam Pillsbury and written by John Mattson. Released by Warner Bros. under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment banner, it is the sequel to Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home in addition to being the third film in the Free Willy franchise and final installment of the original storyline as well as the last to be released theatrically. Jason James Richter and August Schellenberg reprise their roles from the previous films while Annie Corley, Vincent Berry and Patrick Kilpatrick joined the cast. The story revolves around Jesse and Randolph attempting to stop a group of whalers, led by its ruthless captain, from illegally hunting Willy while secretly receiving help from an unlikely source involving the captain's young son after an accident changed his view on whales.
Free Willy: Escape from Pirate's Cove

***Free Willy: Escape from Pirate's Cove*** is a 2010 American family movie written and directed by Will Geiger with the story by Cindy McCreery. It is a reboot as well as the fourth and final installment in the _Free Willy_ film series. It stars Bindi Irwin, in her film debut, and Beau Bridges. The film was released by Warner Home Video on DVD and Blu-ray on 23 March 2010 in the United States and on 2 August in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Aref Al-Haj

Are haitham Aref Al Haj Mohammad () born on May 28, 2001, is a Jordanian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Al-Hussein Sports Club in the Jordanian Professional League and the Jordan national team .

### Al-Sareeh

Born in Irbid, Aref is a youth product of Al-Sareeh.

#### Jabal Al-Mukaber (loan)

After being promoted to the first team of Al-Sarih Club, he was loaned to the Palestinian club, Jebel Mukaber, where he became one of the main contributors to their winning the West Bank Premier League title in 2023.

#### Al-Faisaly (loan)

Jordanian clubs such as Al-Wehdat and Al-Hussein were interested in Aref Al-Haj, following the relegation of Al-Sareeh from the Jordanian first tier. However, on 12 July 2023, Aref Al-Haj signed a season-long loan deal with Al-Faisaly SC.

HHe was a contributor to Al-Faisaly's first ever AFC Champions League win, scoring an 85th-minute goal against Al-Sadd.

Aref Al-Haj finished his loan tenure with 9 goals and 10 assists.

### Al-Hussein

On 16 July 2024, Aref Al-Haj signed a permanent contract with Al-Hussein SC.

## International career

Al-Hajj was a youth international for Jordan , representing the Jordan U-23 team at the 2024 AFC U-23 Championship held in Qatar in December 2023.

## Playing style

Aref Al-Haj is described as a tall and graceful player, who has exceptional close control, dazzling feet, a real eye for a pass and strong finishing ability. He is capable of playing at an advanced role on the right, in behind a central striker or as a part of a front two.

### Club

- _Last updated 8 August 2024._

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2" valign="center"|Al-Faisaly|2023–24|Jordanian Pro League|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|
|rowspan="2" valign="center"|Al-Hussein|2024–25|Jordanian Pro League|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|

## Honours

**Jabal Al-Mukaber**

- West Bank Premier League: 2022–23

**Al-Faisaly**

- Jordan Shield Cup : 2023

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Aref Al-Haj
- **fullname**: Aref Haitham Aref Al Haj Mohammad
- **birth place**: Irbid, Jordan
- **height**: 1.77 m
- **currentclub**: Al-Hussein SC (Irbid), Al-Hussein
- **clubnumber**: 77
- **position**: Forward (association football), Winger
- **youthyears1**: –2022
- **youthclubs1**: Al-Sareeh SC, Al-Sareeh
- **years1**: 2022–2024
- **clubs1**: Al-Sareeh SC, Al-Sareeh
- **years2**: 2022–2023
- **clubs2**: →Jabal Al-Mukaber Club, Jabal Al-Mukaber (loan)
- **years3**: 2023–2024
- **clubs3**: →Al-Faisaly SC, Al-Faisaly (loan)
- **years4**: 2024–
- **clubs4**: Al-Hussein SC (Irbid), Al-Hussein
- **nationalyears1**: 2024
- **nationalteam1**: Jordan national under-23 football team, Jordan U-23
- **nationalcaps1**: 8
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalyears2**: 2024–
- **nationalteam2**: Jordan national football team, Jordan
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **ntupdate**: 3 October 2024
Flag of Miami

The **flag of Miami** has three horizontal stripes of orange, white and lime green with the seal of Miami. It was adopted November 13, 1933. The flag displays the words "The City of Miami" and "Dade Co, Florida".

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Miami
- **image**: Flag of Miami, Florida.svg
- **proportion**: 2:4
- **adoption**: November 13, 1933
Flag of Utrecht

The **flag of Utrecht** () has two diagonal stripes of red and white. It was adopted 4 May 2021.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Utrecht
- **image**: Flag of Utrecht city.svg
- **proportion**: 2:4
Milan Fashion Week

**Milan Fashion Week** is a fashion trade show held twice a year in Milan, Italy. Designers showcase autumn/winter collections in February/March and spring/summer collections in September/October. Milan Fashion Week is one of the "Big Four" fashion weeks in the world, along with New York, Paris, and London.

## History and operations

Milan Fashion Week began in 1958 and is organized by the National Chamber of Italian Fashion.

## Related pages

- Fashion week
- Fashion District of Milano

## Infobox (recurring event)

- **name**: Milan Fashion Week
- **image**: John Varvatos Fall 2010 04.JPG
- **caption**: A moment from Milan Fashion Week in February 2010
- **genre**: Clothing and fashion exhibitions
- **frequency**: Semi-annually
- **location**: Milan, Italy
- **first**: 1958
- **organised**: National Chamber of Italian Fashion
Carolina Herrera

**Carolina Herrera** is a Venezuelan American fashion designer and businesswoman. Known for her elegant style, she started her fashion brand in 1980. Herrera has dressed several First Ladies, including Jacqueline Onassis, Laura Bush, Michelle Obama, and Melania Trump.

## Early Life

Herrera was born on 8 January 1939 in Caracas, Venezuela.

## Career

In 1980, Herrera launched her first fashion line with support from Diana Vreeland, then Editor-in-Chief of _Vogue_. She showcased her first collection in Manhattan at the Metropolitan Club, which received positive reviews.

## Awards and Honors

Herrera has won many awards, including the 2004 "Womenswear Designer of the Year" and the 2008 Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America. She also received Spain's Gold Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts in 2002 and the Fashion Group International Superstar Award in 2012.

## Infobox (fashion designer)

- **name**: Carolina Herrera
- **image**: Carolina Herrera alt.jpg
- **birth name**: María Carolina Josefina Pacanins y Niño
- **birth place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **children**: 4
Fighter (movie)

***Fighter*** is a 2024 Indian movie directed by Siddharth Anand. It stars well-known Bollywood actors Hrithik Roshan, Deepika Padukone, and Anil Kapoor in the lead roles. The movie is a mix of action and drama and features a story about the Indian Air Force.

## Plot

The story of _Fighter_ is about the bravery and dedication of Indian Air Force pilots. Hrithik Roshan and Deepika Padukone play the roles of pilots who fight against enemies and protect their country. The movie is expected to show thrilling air battles and intense action scenes.

## Cast

- Anil Kapoor as Group Captain Rakesh "Rocky" Jaisingh, Commanding Officer of Air Dragons Unit
- Hrithik Roshan as Squadron Leader Shamsher "Patty" Pathania
- Deepika Padukone as Squadron Leader Minal "Minni" Rathore
- Karan Singh Grover as Squadron Leader Sartaj "Taj" Gill
- Akshay Oberoi as Squadron Leader Basheer "Bash" Khan
- Rishabh Sawhney as Azhar Akhtar
- Sanjeeda Sheikh as Saachi Gill, Taj's wife
- Ashutosh Rana as Abhijeet Rathore, Minni's father (special appearance)
- Geeta Agrawal as Usha Rathore, Minni's mother
- Talat Aziz as Mr. Pathania, Patty's father
- Sharib Hashmi as Wing Commander Varthaman, Ilyushin Il-76 Pilot
- Ramon Chibb as Air Commodore Abhinder "Abhi" Bali, Chief Instructor, Air Force Academy
- Sanjeev Jaiswal as Majeed Khan
- Baveen Singh as Squadron Leader Sukhdeep "Sukhi" Singh
- Mahesh Shetty as Squadron Leader Rajan "Unni" Unnithan
- Seerat Mast as Squadron Leader Naina "NJ" Jaisingh, Rocky's sister and Patty's deceased fiancée
- Sanjiv Chopra as Air Marshal Rohan Rawal, AOC in C Western Air Command
- Nishan Khanduja as Flying Officer Manoj "Birdie" Bhardwaj
- Karan Sharma as Flying Officer Ajeet "Jeet" Deshpande
- Chandan K Anand as Wing Commander Harish "Nauty" Nautiyal
- Harnam Singh Sandhu as Squadron Leader Sanjay Mathur
- Indhu Reddy as Flight Lieutenant Rajshree Mehta
- Aditi Sandhya Sharma as Flight Cadet Neha "NJ" Jaiswal<sup>[_citation needed_]</sup>
- Hrushi Poddar as Flight Cadet Sunil
- Mushtaq Kak as Maulana Maqsood Abrar
- Vinay Varma as Air Commodore Debyajyoti "Debu" Biswas, AOC, Air Force Station, Srinagar
- Lokesh Batta as Squadron Leader Sandeep "Sandy" Kumar
- Himani Sahani as Squadron Leader Tanya Aggarwal
- Harish Khatri as Prime Minister of India
- Chandra Shekhar Dutta as RAW agent Yafeth Salim a.k.a. Zareena Begum
- Samvedna Suwalka as Bela Unnithan, Unni's wife
- Geeta Sodhi as Mrs. Gill, Taj's mother
- Gurmeet Chawla as Chief of the Air Staff
StarTop

***Startop*** is an Albanian reality TV Show focused on business and innovation that aired on the Albanian national TV channel Top Channel,featuring aspiring entrepreneurs pitching innovative ideas to seasoned investors.The program began airing on October 22, 2022, and ended on January 7, 2023, with a total of 12 episodes.

## Format

_Startop_ aimed to showcase and support promising business ideas through presentations by participants before a panel of four recognized business experts. Each contestant presented their business idea and received advice and guidance from the invited experts. The name _Startop_ combined the term "start-up" with the name of the broadcasting channel, highlighting the show's focus on new businesses.

## Expert Panel

The panel consisted of several professionals and business people from various fields who offered support and suggestions, as well as discussed opportunities to improve the participants' ideas.

## Staff and Moderator

The creator and author of the project was Ledja Liku, and the scriptwriter was Ardi Pulaj. The show was hosted by well-known Albanian presenter Eno Popi, who facilitated discussions between the contestants and the expert panel.

## Collaboration and Support

_Startop_ was a collaboration between Top Channel and the Dritan Hoxha Media Foundation, which supported the project by promoting new business initiatives in the program. The Ministry of State for Entrepreneurship and Business Climate was also an important partner that provided financial support to help develop the presented businesses.

## Goals and Impact

The main goal of _Startop_ was to promote innovation and entrepreneurship among young Albanians. The show highlighted the challenges associated with starting and growing a new business, including finding investors and navigating the market. Through the Top Channel platform, _Startop_ aimed to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit in Albania and the Albanian diaspora, encouraging ideas that could positively impact the country's economy.

## Episodes

The first season included a total of 12 episodes, with each episode focusing on the presentations of a new group of contestants.

## Official websites

- Official Page

## Infobox (television)

- **alt name**: StarTop Albania
- **genre**: Reality
- **screenplay**: Ardi Pulaj
- **presenter**: Eno Popi
- **country**: Albania
- **language**: Albanian
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 12
- **executive producer**: Ledja Liku
- **camera**: multi-camera
- **editor**: Silvana Babaramo
- **network**: Top Channel