juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Central University of Gujarat

**Central University of Gujarat** is a public central research university in Kundhela village, Dabhoi taluka, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, offering courses at undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral levels. Rama Shanker Dubey is vice-chancellor of Central University of Gujarat.

The university includes 16 schools, 14 academic departments, and 2 other special centres.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Central University of Gujarat
- **other name**: CUG
- **established**: 2009
- **type**: Central University (India)
Public university, Public
research university
- **visitor**: President of India
- **chancellor**: Hasmukh Adhia, Dr. Hasmukh Adhia
- **vice chancellor**: Rama Shanker Dubey
- **address**: Kundhela village
- **city**: Vadodara District
- **state**: Gujarat
- **postalcode**: 391760
- **country**: India
- **campus**: Rural
- **language**: English language, English
- **affiliations**: Government of India Parliament of India University Grants Commission (India), UGC, National Assessment and Accreditation Council, NAAC, Association of Commonwealth Universities, ACU
- **accreditation**: National Assessment and Accreditation Council, NAAC with Grade 'A+'
- **website**: [http://www.cug.ac.in/ www.cug.ac.in]
- **logo**: Central University of Gujarat Logo.png
Banasthali Vidyapith

**Banasthali Vidyapith**, also known as **Banasthali University,** is a private women's university located in Tonk district, Rajasthan, India. The university offers programs at the secondary, senior secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate degree levels.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Banasthali Vidyapith
- **motto**: _University for Women: University with a change_
- **founder**: Hiralal Shastri
Ratan Shastri
- **type**: Private university, Private
- **president**: Chitra Purohit
- **vice-president**: Sidharth Shastri
- **vice chancellor**: Ina Aditya Shastri
- **city**: Tonk district
- **state**: Rajasthan
- **country**: India
- **campus**: jungle, Rural, more than
- **affiliations**: University Grants Commission (India), UGC
University of Rajasthan

The **University of Rajasthan**, informally known as Rajasthan University (RU, ISO: Rājasthān Viśvavidyālaya), is a public state university located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It was founded in 1947 by an Act of the State Legislative Assembly and is recognised as a prominent institution in the region. Rajasthan University is one of the largest university systems in the state with over 100,000 students on its campuses and affiliated colleges. The Governor of Rajasthan serves as the university chancellor.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Rajasthan
- **other names**: Rajasthan University (RU)
- **former name**: University of Rajputana
- **motto lang**: hi
- **mottoeng**: _Dharma Is the Root of the Prestige of the Whole World_
- **type**: Public university, Public research university
- **head label**: Visitor
- **head**: President of India
- **chancellor**: Governor of Rajasthan
- **vice chancellor**: Alpana Kateja
- **students**: 125,000
- **undergrad**: 56000
- **postgrad**: 18000
- **doctoral**: 1000
- **address**: Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Rajasthan University Campus, Talvandi, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004
- **postalcode**: 302004
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi, English language, English
- **accreditation**: National Assessment and Accreditation Council, NAAC
- **affiliations**: University Grants Commission (India), UGC, Association of Indian Universities, AIU
- **academic affiliation**: University Grants Commission (India), University Grants Commission
AQUOS sense4

The **AQUOS sense4** is a mobile phone developed by SHARP and sold by Docomo. It was released on November 12, 2020.

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: AQUOS sense4
- **developer**: Sharp Corporation, SHARP
- **serieslabel**: AQUOS
- **type**: Mobile phone
- **weight**: 177g
- **os**: Android 10
- **soc**: Qualcomm SNapdragon 720
- **memory**: 4GB
- **storage**: 64GB
- **memory card**: microSDXC
- **battery**: 4570mAh
- **rear camera**: 12MP
- **front camera**: 8MP
Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiclayo

The **Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiclayo ** is a Latin Catholic suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Piura in Peru's northwestern Lambayeque region.

It is also the former diocese of Pope Leo XIV. The current bishop, since 14 February 2024, is Edinson Edgardo Farfán Córdova.

The Diocese of Chiclayo was created on 17 December 1956 as the Diocese of Chiclayo. On 17 April 1963, some of its territory was lost to form the Territorial Prelature of Chota.

## Infobox (diocese)

- **jurisdiction**: Diocese
- **name**: Chiclayo
- **latin**: Dioecesis Chiclayensis
- **local**: Diócesis de Chiclayo
- **image**: Santa María Catedral - Chiclayo.jpg
- **caption**: Cathedral of St. Mary
- **metropolitan**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Piura, Piura
- **rite**: Latin Church, Latin Rite
- **cathedral**: Catedral Santa María
- **area km2**: 18,226
- **population**: 1,218,000
- **population as of**: 2006
- **catholics**: 1,115,000
- **catholics percent**: 91.5
- **bishop**: Edinson Edgardo Farfán Córdova
- **founded**: 17 December 1956
- **parishes**: 22
- **map**: Diócesis_de_Chiclayo.svg
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas

The **Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas** (**PUST**), also known as the ***Angelicum*** or ***Collegio Angelico*** is a pontifical university in the historic center of Rome, Italy. The _Angelicum_ is run by the Dominican Order.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Pontifical University of
Saint Thomas Aquinas
- **native name**: Latin: Pontificia Studiorum Universitas a
Sancto Thoma Aquinate in Urbe

- **image alt**: Seal of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
- **image size**: 125px
- **caption**: Seal (emblem), Seal of the university
- **motto**:

- **established**:
(reformed 1577, 1963)
- **type**: Pontifical university
- **chancellor**: Gerard Francisco Timoner III
- **rector**: Thomas Joseph White
- **students**: 1007 (2014–2015)
- **city**: Rome
- **country**: Italy (but extraterritorial of the Holy See)
- **colors**: Black and white
- **other name**: _Angelicum_; PUST
- **athletics affiliations**: Clericus Cup Football Team
- **mascot**: Minerva the Owl
REGZA Tablet AT500

The **REGZA Tablet AT500** is a tablet computer that was released on May 26, 2012. It was developed by REGZA.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: REGZA Tablet AT500
- **developer**: Toshiba#REGZA, REGZA
- **serieslabel**: REGZA
- **predecessor**: AT300/24C
- **successor**: AT501
- **type**: Tablet_computer, Tablet
- **weight**: 590g
- **os**: Android Ice Cream Sandwich, Android 4.0 → Android Jelly Bean, 4.1
- **soc**: NVIDIA Tegra 3
- **memory**: 1GB
- **storage**: 32GB,64GB
- **memory card**: SD
- **rear camera**: 5MP
- **front camera**: 2MP
Mozzetta

The **mozzetta** is a short elbow-length outfit with a cape that covers the shoulders and is buttoned over the front chest area. It is worn by some of the clergy of the Catholic Church, among them the pope, cardinals, bishops, abbots, canons and religious superiors. It is sometimes made with satin, silk or ermine material.
Sufar

The **Diocese of Sufar**, is an ancient episcopal seat of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. The location of the seat of the bishopric is now unknown but it could have been somewhere in Algeria. The current titular bishop is Robert P. Reed, who replaced Robert Francis Prevost, now known as Pope Leo XIV, in 2016.
Dicastery for Bishops

The **Dicastery for Bishops**, formerly named **Congregation for Bishops** is the department of the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church that is in charge the selection of most new bishops.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **name**: Dicastery for Bishops
- **type**: Dicastery
- **seal**: Emblem of the Holy See usual.svg
- **seal size**: 100px
- **seal caption**: Coat of arms of the Holy See
- **picture**: Via della Conciliazione din Roma1.jpg
- **picture caption**: Palazzo delle Congregazioni in Piazza Pio XII (in front of St. Peter's Square) is the workplace for most congregations of the Roman Curia
- **website**: http://www.congregazionevescovi.va
- **agency type**: Dicastery
- **preceding1**: Congregation for the Erection of Churches and Consistorial Provisions
- **preceding2**: Congregation for Bishops
- **headquarters**: Palazzo delle Congregazioni, Piazza Pio XII, Rome, Italy
- **chief1 name**: **Vacant**
- **chief1 position**:
Prefect
- **chief2 name**: Ilson de Jesus Montanari
- **chief2 position**:
Secretary
Hasmukh Adhia

**Hasmukh Adhia**, IAS (born 3November 1958) is an Indian banker and a retired civil servant. He is one of the key persons behind the architecture and roll-out of the Goods and Services Tax & Demonetization scheme announced in 2016. He is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1981Gujarat cadre batch who served as Finance Secretary and Revenue Secretary of State. He previously served in several capacities for the Indian and Gujarat governments, including as Financial Services Secretary.

He is the present Chairman of  the boards of State public sector undertakings Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL) (GACL) and Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Ltd(GMDC), GIFT City,  standing committee of Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar and former Non-Executive Chairman of Bank of Baroda. A week after the government nominated him chairman of state-owned Bank of Baroda where he served till 29 February 2024, he was appointed as the Chancellor of Central University of Gujarat. Also, he serves as Chief Advisor to Gujarat Chief Minister in CMO from 2022 onwards.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hasmukh Adhia
- **office2**: Chancellor (education), Chancellor of Central University of Gujarat & Chairman of Standing Committee of Pandit Deendayal Energy University
- **term start2**: 8 March 2019
- **predecessor2**: Yoginder K Alagh
- **office3**: Chairman of GIFT City
- **term start3**: 24 June 2022
- **predecessor3**: Sudhir Mankad
- **office4**: Chairman of Bank of Baroda
- **term start4**: 1 March 2019
- **term end4**: 29 February 2024
- **predecessor4**: Ravi Venkatesan
- **successor4**: MR Kumar
- **appointer4**: Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
- **office5**: Finance Secretary (India), Finance Secretary of India
- **appointer5**: Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
- **minister5**: Arun Jaitley
- **predecessor5**: Ashok Lavasa
- **successor5**: Ajay Narayan Jha
- **term start5**: 1November 2017
- **term end5**: 30November 2018
- **office6**: Revenue Secretary of India
- **appointer6**: Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
- **minister6**: Arun Jaitley
- **predecessor6**: Shaktikanta Das
- **successor6**: Ajay Bhushan Pandey
- **term end6**: 30November 2018
- **term start6**: 1September 2015
- **office7**: Secretary to the Government of India, Financial Services Secretary of India
- **predecessor7**: G S Sandhu
- **successor7**: Anjuly Chib Duggal
- **termend7**: 31August 2015
- **termstart7**: 3November 2014
- **image**: File:Dr. Hasmukh Adhia.jpg
- **birth place**: Rajkot district, Gujarat
- **nationality**: Indian
- **alma mater**: Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
Gujarat University
Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Swami Vivekanand Yoga University
- **occupation**: Retired Indian Administrative Service, IAS officer
Pontifical Commission for Latin America

The **Pontifical Commission for Latin America** is a department of the Roman Curia that has been charged with giving help to the Catholic Church in Latin America since 1958. The Commission works under the leadership of the Dicastery for Bishops.

Robert Francis Prevost was president of the Commission from April 12, 2023 until his election as Pope Leo XIV on May 8, 2025.

There are two secretaries, both laypersons: Rodrigo Guerra López and Emilce Cuda, appointed in July 2021 and February 2022, respectively. When appointed, Guerra was the only layperson with the rank of secretary in the Curia; the only layman with a higher rank was Paolo Ruffini, prefect of the Dicastery for Communications. Cuda became one of the few women in senior positions in the Curia.

Pope Pius XII created the Commission as an independent body in the Roman Curia on 19 April 1958.
Santa Monica degli Agostiniani

The Chapel of **Santa Monica degli Agostiniani** (_Saint Monica of the Augustinians_) is a 20th-century Augustinian titular church in central Rome. It is south of the Vatican and is dedicated to Saint Monica.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Santa Monica degli Agostiniani
- **fullname**: Augustinian Chapel of Saint Monica
- **native name**: Cappella Santa Monica degli Agostiniani
- **native name lang**: it
- **image**: Borgo - Chiesa di Santa Monica.JPG
- **location**: Piazza del Sant’Uffizio 8, Borgo (rione of Rome), Borgo, Rome
- **country**: Italy
- **language(s)**: Italian
- **denomination**: Catholic Church, Catholic
- **tradition**: Roman Rite
- **religious order**: Augustinians, Augustinian
- **status**: titular church
- **dedication**: Saint Monica
- **consecrated date**: 1941
- **people**: Pope Leo XIV, O.S.A.
- **functional status**: active
- **architect**: Giuseppe Momo and Silvio Galizia
- **architectural type**: Rationalist architecture, Rationalist
- **completed date**: 1941
- **diocese**: Diocese of Rome, Rome
2011 Welsh devolution referendum

A **referendum on powers of the Welsh Assembly** was held in Wales on 3 March 2011. Voters were asked if they wanted the Welsh Assembly to make laws in all the areas it is in charge of. The question was: ‘Do you want the Assembly now to be able to make laws on all matters in the 20 subject areas it has powers for?’

At the time, the Assembly could make some laws (Acts of the Assembly) on its own, but needed approval from Westminster for all others. The rules for the referendum and the powers involved were set out in the Government of Wales Act 2006. The results were announced on 4 March 2011.

Overall, 63.49% voted 'yes' and 36.51% voted 'no', with 21 out of 22 local areas voting in favour. The voter turnout was 35.2%.

The referendum was not legally binding but allowed the Welsh Government to make an order giving the Welsh Assembly more powers. This order was made on 30 March and started on 5 May 2011, the same day as the Assembly election.

## Infobox (referendum)

- **title**: Do you want the Assembly now to be able to make laws on all matters in the 20 subject areas it has powers for?
- **country**: Wales
- **yes**: 517132
- **no**: 297380
- **total**: 815628
- **electorate**: 2289044
- **map**: Welsh devolution referendum, 2011.svg
- **mapdivision**: Local_government_in_Wales#Principal_areas, principal area
- **name**: 2011 Welsh Devolution Referendum
Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano

The **Diocese of Albano** is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Diocese of Rome in Italy. It is made up of seven towns in the Province of Rome. Albano Laziale is on the Appian Way about 15 kilometers from Rome. In the 1720s, catacombs were found here.

## Infobox (diocese)

- **jurisdiction**: Suburbicarian Diocese
- **name**: Albano
- **latin**: Albanensis
- **image**: Piazza Pia Albano.jpg
- **caption**: Albano Laziale Cathedral
- **country**: Italy
- **province**: Diocese of Rome, Rome
- **area km2**: 661
- **population**: 510,950 (est.)
- **population as of**: 2018
- **catholics**: 493,870 (est.)
- **catholics percent**: 96
- **parishes**: 77
- **denomination**: Catholic Church
- **rite**: Roman Rite
- **established**: 4th century
- **cathedral**: Albano Cathedral, Basilica Cattedrale di S. Pancrazio Martire
- **priests**: 104 (diocesan)
80 (Religious Orders)
- **bishop title**: Bishop
- **bishop**: Vincenzo Viva
- **emeritus bishops**: Marcello Semeraro
Paolo Gillet (Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus)
- **map**: Albano diocesi.png
- **website**: [http://www.webdiocesi.chiesacattolica.it/cci_new/s2magazine/index1.jsp?idPagina=19040 www.webdiocesi.chiesacattolica.it]
2005 World Series

The **2005 World Series** was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2005 season. The 101st edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Chicago White Sox and the National League (NL) champion Houston Astros.

The White Sox beat the Astros in four games, winning their third World Series championship and their first in 88 years. The series was played between October 22–26, 2005.

## Infobox (world series)

- **country**: World
- **year**: 2005
- **champion**: 2005 Chicago White Sox season, Chicago White Sox (4)
- **champion manager**: Ozzie Guillén
- **champion games**: 99–63, , GA: 6
- **runnerup**: 2005 Houston Astros season, Houston Astros (0)
- **runnerup manager**: Phil Garner
- **runnerup games**: 89–73, , GB: 11
- **date**: October 22–26
- **venue**: Guaranteed Rate Field, U.S. Cellular Field (Chicago)
Minute Maid Park (Houston)
- **mvp**: Jermaine Dye (Chicago)
- **television**: MLB on Fox, Fox (United States)
MLB International (International)
- **announcers**: Joe Buck and Tim McCarver (Fox)
Dave O'Brien (sportscaster), Dave O'Brien (MLB International)
- **radio network**: Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio, ESPN
WMVP (CHW)
KTRH (HOU)
- **radio announcers**: Jon Miller and Joe Morgan (ESPN)
John Rooney (sportscaster), John Rooney and Ed Farmer (WMVP)
Milo Hamilton and Alan Ashby (KTRH)
- **umpires**: Joe West (umpire), Joe West (crew chief), Jeff Nelson (umpire), Jeff Nelson, Jerry Layne, Derryl Cousins, Gary Cederstrom, Ángel Hernández (umpire), Ángel Hernández
- **hofers**: **White Sox:**
Harold Baines (Bench Coach)
Tim Raines (1B Coach)
Frank Thomas (DNP)
**Astros:**
Jeff Bagwell
Craig Biggio
- **alcs**: 2005 Chicago White Sox season, Chicago White Sox over 2005 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim season, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (4–1)
- **nlcs**: 2005 Houston Astros season, Houston Astros over 2005 St. Louis Cardinals season, St. Louis Cardinals (4–2)
Scotland Act 2016

The **Scotland Act 2016** is a UK law that gave more powers to Scotland. It changed the older Scotland Act of 1998. This happened after a report on how to give Scotland more control, following a 2014 independence referendum where Scotland decided to stay in the UK.

The law lets Scotland make more decisions about things like how its own elections work, road rules, energy, abortion, welfare, trains, and taxes. It also says that the Scottish Parliament and Government are now a permanent part of the UK and can only be ended if the people of Scotland vote for it.
Jean Jadot

**Jean Jadot** (23 November 1909 – 21 January 2009) was a Belgian Catholic prelate. He was apostolic delegate to the United States from 1973 to 1980. He also was president of the Secretariat for Non-Christians from 1980 to 1984. He was made a bishop by Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens on 1 May 1968.

On 27 June 1980, Pope John Paul II made him the Pro-President of the Secretariat of Non-Christians, a role normally given to a cardinal.

On 19 June 1982, Jadot ordained Robert Francis Prevost for the Augustinians in Rome. Prevost would later be elected as Pope Leo XIV on 8 May 2025.

Jadot died in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Belgium on 21 January 2009 at the age of 99.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **name**: Jean Jadot
- **title**: Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, President of the Secretariat for Non-Christians
- **image**: J JADOT.jpg
- **caption**: Jean Jadot
- **church**: Roman Catholic Church
- **see**: titular see, Titular See of Zuri
- **term**: 1980–1984
- **predecessor**: Sergio Pignedoli
- **successor**: Francis Arinze
- **ordination**: 11 February 1934
- **consecration**: 1 May 1968
- **consecrated by**: Leo Joseph Suenens
- **birth place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **death place**: Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Belgium
- **previous post**: Priest
James Patrick Green

**James Patrick Green** (born May 3, 1950) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. From 2006 to 2022, he was apostolic nuncio to many Scandinavian countries from 2017 to 2022.

Green is known for officially making Robert F. Prevost, who would later become Pope Leo XIV at the 2025 papal conclave, a bishop.

Pope Francis accepted his resignation from his role as nuncio on April 30, 2022.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency, The Most Reverend
- **name**: James Patrick Green
- **type**: Archbishop
- **title**: Apostolic Nuncio emeritus of Apostolic Nunciature to the Nordic countries, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway
Titular Archbishop of Altinum
- **image**: Monseñor James Green.jpg
- **appointed**: 6 April 2017 (Sweden, Iceland)
13 June 2017 (Denmark)
12 October 2017 (Finland)
18 October 2017 (Norway)
- **retired**: 30 April 2022
- **predecessor**: Henryk Józef Nowacki
- **successor**: Julio Murat
- **ordination**: 15 May 1976
- **ordained by**: John Krol
- **consecration**: 6 September 2006
- **consecrated by**: Angelo Sodano, Ivan Dias and Justin Francis Rigali
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **other post**: Titular Archbishop of Altinum
Dinesh Kumar

**Dinesh Kumar** may refer to:

- Dinesh Kumar (bowls) (born 1977), Indian international lawn bowler
- Dinesh Kumar (boxer) (born 1988), Indian boxer
- Dinesh Kumar (choreographer) (born 1975), Indian choreographer
- Dinesh Kumar (cyclist), Indian cyclist at events such as 2022 Commonwealth Games
Scotland Act 1998

The **Scotland Act 1998** is a law passed by the UK Parliament. It created the Scottish Parliament, which makes some laws for Scotland and can change some taxes. It also created the Scottish Government.

This law is one of the biggest changes to Scotland's constitutional position since 1707, when Scotland and England joined to become Great Britain.

People in Scotland voted in 1997 to have their own parliament with tax powers. The 1998 Act made this happen.

The Act says what the Scottish Parliament can and cannot make laws about. Things the Scottish Parliament cannot make laws about are called "reserved matters." The UK Parliament can still make laws for Scotland on any issue.

The Act also created the Scottish Executive, which is now called the Scottish Government. It is led by the First Minister.

If there are disagreements about what laws the Scottish Parliament can make, the UK's highest court, the Supreme Court, makes the final decision. The UK government can also stop a Scottish law from going ahead in some cases.

The powers of the Scottish Parliament and Government can be changed over time if both the Scottish and UK Parliaments agree.

The Scotland Act became law on the 17 November 1998. The first Scottish Parliament elections were in May 1999, and the Parliament started working on the 1 July 1999.
Dicastery

A **dicastery** is the name of some departments in the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church.

## Current dicasteries

As of 2022, there are sixteen dicasteries:
|Congregation|Current prefect|Country|Picture|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith|Víctor Manuel Fernández|||
|Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments|Arthur Roche|||
|Dicastery for Evangelization|Luis Antonio Tagle|||
|Dicastery for the Causes of Saints|Marcello Semeraro|||
|Dicastery for Bishops|Robert Francis Prevost|||
|Dicastery for the Clergy|Lazarus You Heung-sik|||
|Dicastery for the Eastern Churches|Claudio Gugerotti|||
|Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Simona Brambilla|||
|Dicastery for Culture and Education|José Tolentino de Mendonça|||
|Dicastery for the Service of Charity|Konrad Krajewski|||
|Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life|Kevin Farrell|||
|Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity|Kurt Koch|||
|Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue|George Koovakad|||
|Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development|Michael Czerny|||
|Dicastery for Legislative Texts|Filippo Iannone|||
|Dicastery for Communication|Paolo Ruffini|||
Licentiate of Canon Law

**Licentiate of Canon Law** (**JCL**) is the title of a higher graduate degree with canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church given by pontifical universities of canon law. Licentiate is the title of a person who holds an academic degree called a licence.
Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church)

**Doctor of Canon Law** is the doctoral-level higher degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.  It can also be an honorary degree awarded by Anglican colleges. It may also be abbreviated **ICD** or **dr.iur.can.**

The Roman Church has the oldest continuously used legal system in the world.
Local Government Act 2000

The **Local Government Act 2000** is a UK law that changed how local governments in England and Wales work. It aimed to:

- Give local councils more power to improve their local economy, society, and environment.
- Make councils switch from using committees to having a leader (like a mayor) and a cabinet to make decisions. People could vote for the mayor in some areas.
- Separate the roles in councils, so some councillors check the work of the leaders.
- Create rules for how councillors should behave, with a national group to handle complaints.
- Make councils publish how they work.

One big change was letting areas have directly elected mayors. By 2017, most local referenda on this idea failed, and only a few areas chose to have one. Out of 53 referenda only 16 resulted in a directly elected mayor. Other mayors in the UK are mostly for ceremonial purposes. Directly elected mayors are like older types of powerful mayors in Britain and some other European countries.
President (corporate title)

A **president**, in corporate terms, is the leader of a company or organisation. The differences between a CEO and president can be varied depending on the type of business they are in charge of.

## Infobox (occupation)

- **name**: President
- **type**: Employment
- **activity sector**: Business
- **competencies**: Leadership, financial skills
- **related occupation**: Chief executive officer, vice president
IPad Pro (7th generation)

**iPad Pro 7th generation** (also known as **iPad Pro 7** and **iPad Pro M4**) is a tablet computer developed by Apple Inc.. It was released on 15 May 2024. It has two sizes, 11-inch and 13-inch.

## Features

iPad Pro 7th generation 11-inch has 12MP wide back camera, 12MP face detection, HDR selfie camera, Apple M4 chipset, 11 inch OLED 120hz screen, 10290mAh battery capacity and 8/16GB RAM.

iPad Pro 7th generation 13-inch has 12MP wide back camera, 12MP face detection, HDR selfie camera, Apple M4 chipset, 13 inch OLED 120hz screen, 10290mAh battery capacity and 8/16GB RAM.

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **name**: iPad Pro 7
- **image**: IPad Pro 13-inch backside.jpg
- **caption**: Back of the 13-inch iPad Pro 7 in Space Black
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **manufacturer**: Foxconn (on contract)
- **family**: iPad Pro
- **type**: Tablet computer
- **generation**: 7th
- **soc**: Apple M4
- **memory**: ,  RAM
- **storage**: 256 GB, 512 GB, 1 TB and 2 TB
- **connectivity**: Wi-Fi 6E with 2x2 MIMO and Simultaneous dual band, Bluetooth, Bluetooth 5.3
 **Wi-Fi + Cellular models** 5G (sub‑6 GHz) with 4x4 MIMO, Gigabit LTE with 4x4 MIMO and LAA
- **predecessor**: iPad Pro (6th generation)
- **aka**: iPad Pro (7th generation)
- **power**: **11-inch**: Built-in 31.29-watt-hour rechargeable lithium-polymer battery
**13-inch**: Built-in 38.99-watt-hour rechargeable lithium-polymer battery
- **ramtype**: LPDDR5X
- **camera**: 12 MP wide and 12 MP landscape front-facing ultrawide
- **related**: iPad Air (6th generation)
- **cpu**: (3 high performance + 6 high efficiency),  (4 high performance + 6 high efficiency)
- **graphics**: 10 core 7th generation Apple-designed GPU
Alsodes gargola

The **Tonchek spiny-chest frog**  (_Alsodes gargola_) is a frog.  It lives in Chile and Argentina.

## Home

This frog lives near lakes and streams high on the hills where there are no big trees. Some adult frogs spend the winter on land and some spend it in the water. Scientists have seen the frog between 200 and 2200 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in at least three protected places: Nahuel Huapi National Park, Los Alerces National Park, and Lago Puelo National Park.

## Young

This animal spends 2-4 years swimming as a tadpole before growing legs and becoming a frog. The tadpoles eat dead things.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Trout fish that people brought from other parts of the world can also hurt this frog. Scientists are not sure if the trout have killed enough of them to be a threat.
Apple A15

The **Apple A15 Bionic** is a microprocessor designed by Apple and manufactured by TSMC and first used in the IPhone 13 smartphone, iPad Mini (6th generation) tablet computer, IPhone SE (3rd generation), the IPhone 14 smartphone. It is also used in the Apple TV.

## Infobox (cpu)

- **name**: Apple A15 Bionic
- **image**: Apple A15.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **designfirm**: Apple Inc.
- **slowest**: 3.23
- **numcores**: 6
Persepolis W.F.C.

**Persepolis Women Football Club** is a professional football club. It is located in the Tehran, Iran. It plays in the Iran Women's Football League. This is the highest level of women's football in Iran. Persepolis were promoted from the first division league at the end of the 2024–25 season. They train at Azadi Stadium and play at Kazemi Stadium.

## Stadium

In 2024, the Persepolis Women’s Football Club designated Marghoobkar Stadium as its initial home ground. This arrangement lasted until November 2024, when the team relocated its home matches to Derafshifar Stadium. Later, a decision was made to establish Kazemi Stadium as the club’s new permanent home venue, reflecting efforts to enhance facilities for the team.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Persepolis (Women)
- **upright**: 0.9
- **fullname**: Persepolis Football Club
- **nickname**: Persepolis Girls
Tehran Reds
Tehran Lionesses
- **ground**: Derafshifar Stadium
- **capacity**: 2,500
- **founded**:

_(reestablished)_
- **owner**: Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club
 (:fa:بانک شهر, Shahr Bank: 30%
Bank Mellat: 20%
Tejarat Bank: 20%
Bank Saderat: 5.175%
Ministry of Sport and Youth: 5.158%
Refah Bank: 5%
EN Bank: 5%
Public Shareholders: 9.667% – Iran Fara Bourse: [https://www.tsetmc.com/instInfo/55289848471625247 PSPP1])
- **chrtitle**: President
- **chairman**: Reza Darvish
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **manager**: Shadi Rezaei
- **season**: 2024–25
- **website**: http://fc-perspolis.com
- **league**: Kowsar Women Football League
- **position**: Women 1st Division champions
- **current**: 2024–25 Persepolis F.C.Women season
- **pattern la1**: _whiteborder
- **pattern b1**: _Perspolis_1404_red
- **pattern ra1**: _whiteborder
- **leftarm1**: E50000
- **body1**: E50000
- **rightarm1**: E50000
- **shorts1**: E50000
- **socks1**: E50000
- **pattern la2**: _Perspolis_1404_black
- **pattern b2**: _Persepolis_black_1404
- **pattern ra2**: _Perspolis_1404_black
- **leftarm2**: 000000
- **body2**: 000000
- **rightarm2**: 000000
- **shorts2**: 000000
- **socks2**: 000000
Coat of arms of Pope Leo XIV

On 8 May 2025, Pope Leo XIV became the pope. He kept the same coat of arms and motto that he used as a bishop.

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms shows the Pope’s love for Jesus, Mary, and the Church. It also shows that he is from the Order of Saint Augustine.

### Shield

The shield has two parts:
- The top part is blue. It has a white lily. The lily means the Virgin Mary.
- The bottom part has a light color. It shows a red heart on a closed book. An arrow goes through the heart. This is from Saint Augustine. He said God’s word touched his heart.

### Motto

The Latin motto is _In Illo Uno Unum_. It means: "In the One, we are one." It comes from Saint Augustine. It means Christians are one in Jesus Christ.

### Papal symbols

The coat of arms also has papal signs:
- A mitre (hat),
- Two crossed keys behind the shield.

## Meaning

The coat of arms shows that Pope Leo XIV wants people to love Jesus, honor Mary, and be one Church. It shows his faith and his Augustinian way of life.

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Coat of arms of Pope Leo XIV
- **image**: Coat of arms of Leone XIV.svg
- **image width**: 120
- **lesser caption**: Coat of arms with papal tiara
- **armiger**: Pope Leo XIV
- **year adopted**: 2025
- **motto**: _In Illo Uno Unum_ (Latin: "In the One, we are one")
American Chemical Society

The **American Chemical Society** (**ACS**) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry.  Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related fields. It is one of the world's largest scientific societies by membership. The ACS is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has a large concentration of staff in Columbus, Ohio.

The ACS is a leading source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the Chemical Abstracts Service. Its publications division produces over 80 academic journals including the prestigious _Journal of the American Chemical Society_, as well as the weekly trade magazine _Chemical & Engineering News_. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the Chemical Abstracts Service, a provider of chemical databases worldwide.

The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in the United States and outside the United States as well. These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and the discussion of student and faculty research. The organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities.

The ACS has been criticized for predatory pricing of its products (SciFinder, journals and other publications), for opposing open access publishing, as well as for initiating numerous copyright enforcement litigations despite its non-profit status and its chartered commitment to dissemination of chemical information.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: American Chemical Society
- **type**: learned society, Scientific society
- **status**: 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization
- **headquarters**: Washington, D.C.
- **location**: United States
- **membership**: more than 155,000
- **leader title**: Presidents of the American Chemical Society, President
- **leader name**: Mary K. Carroll
- **key people**: Albert G. Horvath (CEO)
- **budget year**: 2016
- **size**: 120 px
Kannada News

**Kannada News Today** is a regional news platform based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,
 which has received a **Regional Award**.   It was founded in March 2019 by journalist Satish Raj Goravigere,    who received the **Media Contribution Award** in 2024  and the **Rajyotsava Honor** in 2023.

In 2025, **Satish B Gudagenatti**, a former MLA candidate in the 2018 **Karnataka Assembly election** from Belagavi Rural,

joined as Senior Editor

The platform publishes news in the Kannada language and operates alongside its English-language sister site, Timesnib, which covers national and international news.

It is noted as the first news outlet in Karnataka to introduce AI-based news anchors and use digital innovations in news presentation.

## Recognition and initiatives

Kannada News Today   has received several recognitions:
- Media Contribution Award (2024) for contributions to digital journalism in Kannada.

- Rajyotsava Honor (2023) for media work in Karnataka.

- Excellence in Regional Source Award, given by Janapada Mattu Kreeda Sangha, a cultural organization.

- The platform started the Sadhana Awards to recognize journalists for community-level reporting in different parts of the state.

In 2024, it also launched media literacy workshops in rural areas and government colleges, working with educators and journalists to help counter misinformation.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Kannada News Today
- **native name**: ಕನ್ನಡ ನ್ಯೂಸ್ ಟುಡೇ
- **url**: https://kannadanews.today
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Digital media, News website
- **language**: Kannada language, Kannada
- **founded**: March 2019
- **founder**: Satish Raj Goravigere
- **headquarters**: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- **area served**: Karnataka (primary), India
- **current status**: Active
- **owner**: Kannada News Today Digital Network
Royal Society of Chemistry

The **Royal Society of Chemistry** (**RSC**) is a learned society and professional association in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the chemical sciences". It was formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, the Faraday Society, and the Society for Analytical Chemistry with a new Royal Charter and the dual role of learned society and professional body. At its inception, the Society had a combined membership of 49,000 in the world.

The headquarters of the Society are at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London. It also has offices in Thomas Graham House in Cambridge (named after Thomas Graham, the first president of the Chemical Society) where _RSC Publishing_ is based. The Society has offices in the United States, on the campuses of The University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University, at the University City Science Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in both Beijing and Shanghai, China and in Bangalore, India.

The organisation carries out research, publishes journals, books and databases, as well as hosting conferences, seminars and workshops. It is the professional body for chemistry in the UK, with the ability to award the status of Chartered Chemist (CChem) and, through the Science Council the awards of Chartered Scientist (CSci), Registered Scientist (RSci) and Registered Science Technician (RScTech) to suitably qualified candidates.

The designation FRSC is given to a group of elected Fellows of the society who have made major contributions to chemistry and other interface disciplines such as biological chemistry. Prior to 2006, the names of Fellows were published each year in _The Times_ (London). Honorary Fellowship of the Society ("HonFRSC") is awarded for distinguished service in the field of chemistry.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: The Royal Society of Chemistry
- **logo**: RSC-brand-guidelines-2019 tcm18-246471.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo since 2019
- **formation**: (1841)
- **type**: Learned society
- **headquarters**: Burlington House
London
- **location**: United Kingdom
- **membership**: 50,000+
- **language**: English
- **leader title**: Patron
- **leader name**: Charles III
- **leader title2**: President
- **leader name2**: Gillian Reid
- **leader title3**: President-Elect
- **leader name3**: Annette Doherty
- **key people**: Helen Pain (CEO)
- **budget**: £65.7M
Android Go

**Android Go** is a lighter version of the Android, it runs very fast for lower-end and very cheap smartphones. It was released on 5 December 2017. It works for smartphones with 2GB or less, for smartphones runs Android 15 Go, it works for only 3GB or more.

Alcatel 1X became the first smartphone to run Android Go, which is released on February 2018. Nokia 1 also became the first Nokia smartphone to run Android Go, which is released on April 2018.

## Apps

Android Go comes with these apps such as Google Go, Gallery Go, Google Assistant Go, Gmail Go and many others. It also launched Google Camera Go for Android Go smartphones.

On 6 May 2022, YouTube Go will shut down in August 2022.

## Versions

Android 8.1 Go was released for the first time, it currently available on Android 15.
|Version|Android version numbers|Minimum RAM required|Android Go release date|Android release date|Days after release|End of support||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|8.1 Oreo (Go edition)|8.1|rowspan="3"|512 MB|December 5, 2017|December 5, 2017|0|October 4, 2021|
|9 Pie (Go edition)|9|August 15, 2018|August 6, 2018|9|March 7, 2022|||
|10 (Go edition)|10|September 25, 2019|September 3, 2019|22|March 6, 2023|||
|11 (Go edition)|11|rowspan="2"|1 GB|September 10, 2020|September 8, 2020|2|March 27, 2024|
|12 (Go edition)|12|December 14, 2021|October 4, 2021|71|March 31, 2025|||
|13 (Go edition)|13|rowspan="2"|2 GB|October 19, 2022|August 15, 2022|65|2026|
|14 (Go edition)|14|December 15, 2023|October 4, 2023|72|rowspan="3"|Current||
|15 (Go edition)|15|rowspan="2"|3 GB|March 21, 2025|September 3, 2024|199||
|16 (Go edition)|**16**|November 7, 2025|June 10, 2025|150||||

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: Android Go
- **logo**: File:Android Go edition logo (New).png
- **screenshot**: File:Android 14 Go Home Screen.png
- **screenshot size**: 250px
- **caption**: Android Go 14 home screen with Pixel Launcher
- **developer**: Many (mostly Google)
- **family**: Unix-like (modified Linux kernel)
- **working state**: Security updates only
- **released**: 8.1 (Go Edition) /
- **latest release version**: 16 (Go edition)
- **marketing target**: Low-end and very cheap smartphones (with 2 GB RAM or less)
- **supported platforms**: arm64-v8a (64-bit)
armeabi-v7a (32-bit)
The World Academy of Sciences

**The World Academy of Sciences** **for the advancement of science in developing countries** (**TWAS**) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the _Third World Academy of Sciences_. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: The World Academy of Sciences
- **image**: TWAS logo.png
- **abbreviation**: TWAS
- **type**: International nongovernmental organization (INGO)
- **location**: Trieste, Italy
- **region served**: Worldwide
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Apple A18

The **Apple A18** and **Apple A18 Pro** are a microprocessor made by Apple. They were manufactured by TSMC. They were announced on 9 September 2024. They were first used by iPhone 16, iPhone 16 Plus, iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max. It also used by iPhone 16e.

## Infobox (cpu)

- **name**: Apple A18 Series
- **fastest**: 4.04
- **numcores**: 6 cores (2 performance @4.04 GHz + 4 efficiency @2.42 GHz)
- **l2cache**: A18: 8MB (performance cores)
A18 Pro: 16MB (performance cores)
 4MB (efficiency cores)
- **llcache**: A18: 12MB (system level cache)
A18 Pro: 24MB (system level cache)
- **application**: Mobile

- **amountmemory**: 8GB
- **predecessor**: Apple A17 Pro (iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max)
Apple A16 Bionic (iPhone 15, iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Plus)
Apple A15 Bionic (iPhone SE (3rd generation))
- **co-processor**: Neural processing unit, NPU: 35 TOPS
City manager

A **city manager** is an official appointed as the administrative manager of a city in the council–manager form of city government. Local officials serving in this position are referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or chief administrative officer (CAO) in some municipalities.

## Related pages

- Council-manager government

## Further reading

- Kemp, Roger L. _Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity_, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, Eng., UK 1998().
- _______, _Model Government Charters: A City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Handbook_, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, Eng., UK, 2003 ()
- _______, _Forms of Local Government: A Handbook on City, County and Regional Options_, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, USA, and London, Eng., UK, 2007 ().
- Stillman, Richard Joseph. _The rise of the city manager: A public professional in local government_. (University of New Mexico Press, 1974)
- Weinstein, James. "Organized business and the city commission and manager movements." _Journal of Southern History_ (1962): 166–182. in JSTOR
- White, Leonard D. _The city manager_ (1927)
- Woodruff, Clinton Rogers (1928). "The City-Manager Plan". _American Journal of Sociology_. **33** (4): 599–613.

## Other websites

- International City/County Management Association, ICMA is the professional and educational organization for chief appointed managers, administrators, and assistants in cities, towns, counties, and regional entities throughout the world.
- Staunton, Virginia: Birthplace Of City Manager Form Of Government, a history on the city manager system of government.
Administration (government)

The term **administration**, as used in the context of government, differs according to the jurisdiction under which it operates. In general terms, the administration can be described as a decision-making body.

## Related pages

- Executive (government)
Utah War

The **Utah War**, also known as the **Mormon War** or **Mormon Rebellion**, was an armed conflict between Mormon [settler]]s in Utah Territory and the U.S. government’s armed forces. It lasted from May 1857 to July 1858.

The Mormon religion existed since the 1830s. One of the things they believed in was that a man could legally marry more than one woman. This is known as plural marriage, or polygamy. James Buchanan was the U.S. president at the time. One of the things he wanted to do is to abolish polygamy. Buchanan also learned that the Mormons wanted to split from the United States. They wanted to create an independent country, with Brigham Young as their leader. So, Buchanan replaced Young, by sending Alfred Cumming, as a governor. He didn't tell Young though. Also, Cumming wasn't Mormon. The Mormons killed between 120 and 140  settlers, who were on their way to California. The massacre is known as Mountain Meadows Massacre today.

## References

- [Allen, James B.; Leonard, Glen M. (1976), The Story of the Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Co., ISBN 0-87747-594-6]
- [Arrington, Leonard (1985). Brigham Young: American Moses. New York: A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-3945-1022-4.]
Paste (food)

**Paste** refers to a thick liquid, usually made by mixing dry and wet ingredients. Some examples include red bean paste and vanilla paste. Another word for paste is purée.