juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rogers Commission Report

The **Rogers Commission Report** was created by a Presidential Commission charged with investigating the Space Shuttle _Challenger_ disaster during its 10th mission, STS-51-L.

## Outcome

The report, released and submitted to President Ronald Reagan on 9 June 1986, both determined the cause of the disaster that took place 73 seconds after liftoff, and urged NASA to improve and install new safety features on the shuttles and in its organizational handling of future missions.

## Commission members

- William P. Rogers, chairman and former United States Secretary of State (under Richard Nixon) and United States Attorney General (under Dwight Eisenhower)
- Neil Armstrong (Vice Chairman), retired astronaut and first human to walk on the Moon (Apollo 11)
- David Campion Acheson, diplomat and son of former Secretary of State Dean Acheson
- Eugene E. Covert, aeronautics expert and former Chief Scientist of the U.S. Air Force
- Richard P. Feynman, theoretical physicist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics
- Robert B. Hotz, Editor, _Aviation Week And Space Technology_
- Donald J. Kutyna, Air Force general with experience in ICBMs and Shuttle management
- Sally K. Ride, American engineer, astrophysicist and first female American astronaut in space, flew on _Challenger_ as part of missions STS-7 and STS-41-G
- Robert W. Rummel, Trans World Airlines executive and aviation consultant to NASA
- Joe Sutter, engineer for Boeing and part of the team that developed the Boeing 747 aircraft
- Arthur B. C. Walker, Jr, solar physicist and Stanford University professor
- Albert D. Wheelon, physicist and developer of Central Intelligence Agency's aerial surveillance program
- Charles E. Yeager, retired Air Force general and the first person to break the sound barrier in level flight
- Alton G. Keel Jr., executive director of the commission

## Other websites

- Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle _Challenger_ Accident – the Rogers Commission report on the accident (NASA.gov parsed HTML version)
- Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle _Challenger_ Accident – pdf version (9.85Mb), compiled by Thomas ('thomasafb') - Volume I only
- Hearing on the Space Shuttle Accident and the Rogers Commission Report.  219 pages (14.2 MB) U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space. Date: 99th Congress, 2nd Session, February 18, June 10 and 17, 1986. See also GPO _Challenger_ index page.
- https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v2appf.htm – Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle _Challenger_ Accident, Appendix F – Personal Observations on Reliability of Shuttle by R. P. Feynman
Joe Sutter

**Joseph Frederick Sutter** (March 21, 1921 – August 30, 2016) was an American engineer for the Boeing Airplane Company and manager of the design team for the Boeing 747 under Malcolm T. Stamper. _Smithsonian Air and Space Magazine_ has described Sutter as the "father of the 747".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joe Sutter
- **image**: Joe_Sutter,_Nova_Gorica,_June_2006.jpg
- **caption**: Joe Sutter in 2006
- **birth date**: March 21, 1921
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington, U.S.
- **death place**: Bremerton, Washington, Bremerton, Washington, U.S.
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **known for**: Chief engineer for the development of the Boeing 747
- **education**: Aeronautical engineering
- **alma mater**: University of Washington, B.S. 1943
- **employer**: Boeing Commercial Airplanes
- **notable works**: _747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation_
- **spouse**: Nancy French
- **children**: 3
- **awards**: National Medal of Technology, United States Medal of Technology <small>(1985)</small>
Daniel Guggenheim Medal <small>(1990)</small>
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Aircraft Award
Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy
Alton G. Keel Jr.

**Alton Gold Keel Jr.** (born September 15, 1943) is an American engineer, diplomat, and businessman. He was born in Hampton, Virginia.

In July 1986, President Ronald Reagan appointed Keel as the acting principal deputy to the National Security Advisor.  From 1987-89, Keel was the United States Permanent Representative to NATO.

## Other websites

- Josie Loyd, "Ambassador Alton G. Keel Jr. Speaks to the Newest Jeffersonian Engineers", U.Va. Engineer, spring 2007.
- U.S. NATO Mission website
Donald J. Kutyna

General **Donald Joseph Kutyna** (born December 6, 1933) is a retired United States Air Force officer. He was born in Chicago.

He was commander in chief of the North American Aerospace Defense Command and the United States Space Command from 1990 to 1992, and commander of Air Force Space Command at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado from 1987 to 1990.

## Other websites

- Interview
Gene Porter Bridwell

**Gene Porter Bridwell** (born October 4, 1935) is an American NASA official. He was the seventh director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He was director from January 6, 1994 to February 3, 1996. Bridwell was born in Linton, Indiana.
William R. Lucas

**William Ray Lucas** (March 1, 1922 – February 10, 2025) was an American NASA official and chemist. He was the fourth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.  He was director from June 15, 1974 to July 3, 1986. He was known for his handling of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Lucas was born in Newbern, Tennessee.

Lucas died at his home in Huntsville, Alabama, on February 10, 2025, at the age of 102.
Newbern, Tennessee

**Newbern** is a town in Dyer County, Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,349.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Newbern, Tennessee
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: "Home of the Newbern Illinois Central Depot"
- **image map**: File:Dyer County Tennessee Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Newbern Highlighted 4752400.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Newbern in Dyer County, Tennessee.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tennessee
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Tennessee, County
- **subdivision name2**: Dyer County, Tennessee, Dyer
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1857-1858
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 11.74
- **area land km2**: 11.74
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 4.53
- **area land sq mi**: 4.53
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3349
- **population density km2**: 285.18
- **population density sq mi**: 738.64
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 377
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 38059
- **area code**: Area code 731, 731
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 47-52400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1295678
- **website**: http://www.cityofnewbern.org/
Dyersburg, Tennessee

**Dyersburg** is a city and the county seat of Dyer County, Tennessee, in the United States. It is located in northwest Tennessee,  northeast of Memphis on the Forked Deer River. The population was 16,164 at the 2020 census.
Rick Husband

**Rick Douglas Husband** (July 12, 1957 – February 1, 2003) (Colonel, USAF) was an American astronaut and fighter pilot. He traveled into space twice: as Pilot of STS-96 and Commander of STS-107. He and the rest of the crew of STS-107 were killed when _Columbia_ disintegrated during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **birth name**: Rick Douglas Husband
- **image**: Richard Husband, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg
- **caption**: January 1999 portrait
- **type**: NASA Astronaut
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Amarillo, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Over Texas
- **previous occupation**: Test pilot
- **alma mater**: Texas Tech University, Texas Tech, B.S. 1980
California State University, Fresno, Fresno State University, M.S. 1990
- **rank**: Colonel (United States), Colonel, United States Air Force
- **selection**: List of astronauts by selection#1994, 1994 NASA Group 15
- **time**: 25d 17h 33m
- **mission**: STS-96, STS-107
- **insignia**:
William C. McCool

**William Cameron "Willie" McCool** (September 23, 1961 – February 1, 2003) (Cmdr, USN) was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut.

He was the pilot of Space Shuttle _Columbia_ mission STS-107. He and the rest of the crew of STS-107 were killed when _Columbia_ disintegrated during re-entry into the atmosphere. He was the youngest male member of the crew. McCool was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **name**: William C. McCool
- **othername**: William Cameron McCool
- **image**: William Cameron McCool.jpg
- **caption**: William McCool in August 2001
- **type**: NASA Astronaut
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Over Texas, U.S.
- **previous occupation**: Naval aviator, test pilot
- **alma mater**: United States Naval Academy, USNA, B.S. 1983
University of Maryland, College Park, UMCP, M.S. 1985
Naval Postgraduate School, NPS, M.S. 1992
- **rank**: Commander (United States), Commander, United States Navy, USN
- **selection**: List of astronauts by selection#1996, 1996 NASA Group 16
- **time**: 15d 22h 20m
- **mission**: STS-107
- **insignia**:
Michael P. Anderson

**Michael Phillip Anderson** (December 25, 1959 – February 1, 2003) was a United States Air Force officer and NASA astronaut. Anderson and his six fellow crew members were killed in the Space Shuttle _Columbia_ disaster when the craft disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **name**: Michael P. Anderson
- **image**: Michael P. Anderson.jpg
- **caption**: 1995 portrait
- **type**: NASA Astronaut
- **nationality**: American
- **birth name**: Michael Phillip Anderson
- **birth place**: Plattsburgh, New York,
United States
- **death place**: over Texas
- **previous occupation**: Aviator, Pilot, scientist
- **alma mater**: University of Washington, Washington, B.S. 1981
Creighton University, Creighton, M.S. 1990
- **rank**: Lieutenant Colonel (United States), Lt. Colonel, United States Air Force, U.S. Air Force
- **selection**: List of astronauts by selection#1994, 1994 NASA Group 15
- **time**: 24d 18h 08min
- **mission**: STS-89, STS-107
- **insignia**:
David M. Brown

**David McDowell Brown** (April 16, 1956 – February 1, 2003) was a United States Navy captain and a NASA astronaut. He died on his first spaceflight, when the Space Shuttle _Columbia_ (STS-107) disintegrated during orbital reentry into the Earth's atmosphere.

Brown became an astronaut in 1996, but had not served on a space mission prior to the _Columbia_ disaster. Brown was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

## Other websites

- David Brown STS-107 Crew Memorial
- Captain David Brown Aerospace and Medical Research Endowment
- Florida Today — Florida Tech dedicates dorms to Columbia 7 — October 29, 2003

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **birth name**: David McDowell Brown
- **image**: David M. Brown, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg
- **type**: NASA Astronaut
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Arlington County, Virginia
- **death place**: Airspace over Texas
- **previous occupation**: Test pilot
- **rank**: Captain (U.S. Navy), Captain, United States Navy, USN
- **selection**: NASA Astronaut Group 16, NASA Astronaut Group 16 (1996)
- **time**: 15d 22h 20m
- **mission**: STS-107
- **insignia**:
Laurel Clark

**Laurel Blair Clark** (née **Salton**; March 10, 1961 – February 1, 2003) was an American medical doctor, United States Navy Captain, NASA astronaut and Space Shuttle mission specialist.

Clark died along with her six fellow crew members in the Space Shuttle _Columbia_ disaster.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **name**: Laurel Clark
- **image**: Laurel Clark, NASA photo portrait in blue suit.jpgborder
- **caption**: Laurel Clark
- **type**: NASA astronaut
- **nationality**: American
- **birth name**: Laurel Blair Salton
- **birth place**: Ames, Iowa, United States
- **death place**: Over Texas
- **previous occupation**: Flight surgeon
- **rank**: Captain (U.S. Navy), Captain, United States Navy, U.S. Navy
- **selection**: List of astronauts by selection#1996, 1996 NASA Group
- **time**: 15d 22h 20m
- **mission**: STS-107
- **insignia**:
Wakarusa, Indiana

**Wakarusa** is a town in Harrison and Olive townships in Elkhart County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,998 at the 2020 census.
Károly Fatér

**Károly Fatér** (9 April 1940 – 19 September 2020) was a Hungarian footballer. He was born in Veszprém County. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where he won a gold medal with the Hungarian team.

Fatér died on 19 September 2020 in Budapest, aged 80.
Steve Smith (pole vaulter)

**Stephen Norwood Smith** (November 24, 1951 – September 23, 2020) was an American Olympic pole vaulter. He was the first person to clear the 18 foot barrier indoors.  He was the number one ranked pole vaulter in the world in 1973. Smith was born in Long Beach, California. He took part in the 1972 and 1980 Summer Olympics.

Smith died on September 23, 2020, in San Clemente, California. He was 68.
Vyacheslav Voynarovskii

**Vyacheslav Igorevich Voinarovskiy** (8 February 1946 – 24 September 2020) was a Russian opera singer and actor. He was born in Khabarovsk, Soviet Union. He was known for his roles in _The Garage_ (1980), _To Kill a Dragon_ (1989) and in _Mother_ (1990). In 1999, he was honored as a People's Artist of Russia.

Voynarovskii died on 24 September 2020 from a long-illness in Moscow, aged 74.
Primordial nuclide

**Primordial nuclides** are nuclides found on Earth which have existed since before the Earth was formed. They are also called **primordial isotopes**.

Primordial nuclides are found in the interstellar medium. They were formed in or after the Big Bang, by nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae. or by being hit by cosmic rays. 286 primordial nuclides are known.

There are 252 _stable_ nuclides, plus another 34 nuclides that have half-lives long enough to have survived from the formation of the Earth. These are the primordial nuclides. The 34 primordial radionuclides are isotopes of 28 separate elements.

Oxygen is one of the primordial nuclides. Obviously, it is found on Earth in rocks and in the atmosphere. The molecules have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the interstellar medium from which the solar system was formed. They were formed in, or after, the Big Bang, by nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae followed by mass ejection, by cosmic ray spallation, and perhaps by other processes.
Ramatuelle

**Ramatuelle** (Provençal: _Ramatuela_) is a commune in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2016, it had a population of 2,077.

## Other websites

- Tourism Office

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Ramatuelle
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: 83350 Ramatuelle, France - panoramio (3).jpg
- **caption**: A view of Ramatuelle
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Ramatuelle (Var).svg
- **arrondissement**: Draguignan
- **canton**: Sainte-Maxime
- **insee**: 83101
- **postal code**: 83350
- **mayor**: Roland Bruno
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 146
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 324
- **area km2**: 35.57
Dudley Riggs

**Dudley Riggs** (January 18, 1932 – September 22, 2020) was an American improvisational comedian. He created the Instant Theater Company in New York City. He later moved to Minneapolis to become a member of the Brave New Workshop comedy group. He was born in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Riggs died on September 22, 2020 in Minneapolis, aged 88.
Victory Gardens Theater

**Victory Gardens Theater** is a theater company in Chicago, Illinois dedicated to the creation and production of new plays and playwrights. It is located in the Lincoln Park area of the city near DePaul University.

The theater company was founded in 1974. Eight local actors gave $1,000 to start a company outside the Chicago Loop. The theater's first production, _The Velvet Rose_, by Stacy Myatt premiered on October 9, 1974. Since 2011, Chay Yew has continued their mission as the Artistic Director.

## Other websites

- Victory Gardens Theater Web Site
Victory Gardens, New Jersey

**Victory Gardens** is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,582.
Glory (1989 movie)

***Glory*** is a 1989 American war drama movie directed by Edward Zwick.

It is about the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, the Union Army's first African-American regiment in the American Civil War.

It stars Matthew Broderick as Colonel Robert Gould Shaw and Denzel Washington, Cary Elwes, and Morgan Freeman as fictional members of the 54th.

_Glory_ was nominated for five Academy Awards and won three, including Best Supporting Actor for Washington.

It premiered in limited release in the United States on December 14, 1989, and in wide release on February 16, 1990, making $27 million on an $18 million budget.

A PG rated version of the movie was created by PepsiCo, and given to schools for use in their classrooms. This version contains no blood and an introduction by Montel Williams.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Glory
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Edward Zwick
- **producer**: Freddie Fields
- **screenplay**: Kevin Jarre
- **based on**:

- **music**: James Horner
- **cinematography**: Freddie Francis
- **editing**: Steven Rosenblum
- **studio**: Freddie Fields Productions
- **distributor**: TriStar Pictures
- **runtime**: 122 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $18 million
- **gross**: $27 million
Cary Elwes

**Ivan Simon Cary Elwes** (; born 26 October 1962) is a British actor and writer. He is best known for his leading movie roles as Westley in _The Princess Bride_ (1987), Robin Hood in _Robin Hood: Men in Tights_ (1993), and Dr. Lawrence Gordon in the _Saw_ movie series.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Cary Elwes (49199419048).jpg
- **caption**: Elwes in 2019
- **birth place**: Westminster, London, England
- **birth name**: Ivan Simon Cary Elwes
- **occupation**: Actor, writer
- **years active**: 1979–present
- **alma mater**: Sarah Lawrence College
- **parents**: Dominick Elwes (father)
 Elliott Kastner (stepfather)
Tessa Kennedy (mother)
- **relatives**: Cassian Elwes (brother)
 Damian Elwes (brother)
- **children**: 1
Edward Zwick

**Edward M. Zwick** (born October 8, 1952) is an Emmy Award-winning American movie and television director, writer and producer. He was born in Chicago. His best known movies are _About Last Night, Glory, Legends of the Fall,_ and _The Last Samurai._ He is also the co-creator of the television series _thirtysomething_ and _Once and Again_.
Dean Jones (cricketer)

**Dean Mervyn Jones**  (24 March 1961 – 24 September 2020) was an Australian cricket commentator, coach and former cricketer. He played Tests and One Day Internationals for Australia. In 2019 Jones was added into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame. He was born near Melbourne, Victoria. He played for Victoria, Derbyshire and the national team. He worked for _The Sydney Morning Herald_.

Jones died of cardiac arrest caused by a stroke at a Mumbai hospital on 24 September 2020 at the age of 59.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Dean Jones
- **honorific suffix**: Member of the Order of Australia, AM
- **country**: Australia
- **fullname**: Dean Mervyn Jones
- **nickname**: Deano, Professor, The Suit
- **birth place**: Coburg, Victoria, Australia
- **death place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **bowling**: Right arm off spin
- **role**: Batsman
- **international**: true
- **internationalspan**: 1984–1994
- **testdebutdate**: 16 March
- **testdebutyear**: 1984
- **testdebutagainst**: West Indies
- **testcap**: 324
- **lasttestdate**: 13 September
- **lasttestyear**: 1992
- **lasttestagainst**: Sri Lanka
- **odidebutdate**: 30 January
- **odidebutyear**: 1984
- **odidebutagainst**: Pakistan
- **odicap**: 79
- **lastodidate**: 6 April
- **lastodiyear**: 1994
- **lastodiagainst**: South Africa
- **club1**: Victorian Bushrangers, Victoria
- **club2**: Durham County Cricket Club, Durham
- **year2**: 1992
- **club3**: Derbyshire County Cricket Club, Derbyshire
- **year3**: 1996–1997
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 52
- **runs1**: 3,631
- **bat avg1**: 46.55
- **100s/50s1**: 11/14
- **top score1**: 216
- **deliveries1**: 198
- **wickets1**: 1
- **bowl avg1**: 64.00
- **fivefor1**: 0
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **best bowling1**: 1/5
- **catches/stumpings1**: 34/–
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **matches2**: 164
- **runs2**: 6,068
- **bat avg2**: 44.61
- **100s/50s2**: 7/46
- **top score2**: 145
- **deliveries2**: 106
- **wickets2**: 3
- **bowl avg2**: 27.00
- **fivefor2**: 0
- **tenfor2**: 0
- **best bowling2**: 2/34
- **catches/stumpings2**: 54/–
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches3**: 245
- **runs3**: 19,188
- **bat avg3**: 51.85
- **100s/50s3**: 55/88
- **top score3**: 324not out, *
- **deliveries3**: 2,710
- **wickets3**: 27
- **bowl avg3**: 57.22
- **fivefor3**: 1
- **tenfor3**: 0
- **best bowling3**: 5/112
- **catches/stumpings3**: 185/–
- **column4**: List A cricket, LA
- **matches4**: 285
- **runs4**: 10,936
- **bat avg4**: 46.93
- **100s/50s4**: 19/72
- **top score4**: 145
- **deliveries4**: 802
- **wickets4**: 23
- **bowl avg4**: 30.69
- **fivefor4**: 0
- **tenfor4**: 0
- **best bowling4**: 2/0
- **catches/stumpings4**: 114/–
- **date**: 26 January
- **year**: 2009
- **source**: https://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/player/6044.html ESPNcricinfo
Dean Jones

**Dean Jones** may mean:
- Dean Jones (cricketer) (1961–2020), Australian cricketer
- Dean Jones (actor) (1931–2015), American actor
- Dean Jones, singer of Extreme Noise Terror

## Related pages

- Jones (surname)
- List of people with surname Jones
Vapor pressure

**Vapor pressure** is the pressure applied by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases at a given temperature in a closed system. The vapor pressure shows how fast a liquid evaporates. A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often called a volatile.  As the temperature of a liquid increases, the kinetic energy of its molecules also increases. As the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, the number of molecules changing into a vapor also increases, so it increases the vapor pressure.
Cubic crystal system

In crystallography, the **cubic** **crystal system** is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.

There are three main types of these crystals:

- Primitive cubic
- Body-centered cubic
- Face-centered cubic

## Types

|Name|Description|Picture|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Primitive cubic|One atom at each corner of the cube.||
|Body-centered cubic|One atom at each corner of the cube, and one in the middle of the cube.||
|Face-centered cubic|One atom at each corner of the cube, and one in the middle of each face (side) of the cube.||
Jackson County, Tennessee

**Jackson County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 11,617 people lived there. The county seat is Gainesboro.
Jefferson County, Tennessee

**Jefferson County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 54,683 people lived there. The county seat is Dandridge.
NGC 723

**NGC 723** is a spiral galaxy in the Cetus constellation. It is about 65 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Rochelle Sharpe

**Rochelle Sharpe** is an American journalist. She won a 1991 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting. Her work has appeared in the _New York Times_ and NPR. She was an adjunct professor at Boston University.
NGC 725

**NGC 725** is a spiral galaxy in the Cetus constellation. It is about 464 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
NGC 726

**NGC 726** is a barred spiral galaxy in the Cetus constellation. It is about 240 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Paramagnetism

**Paramagnetism** is a form of magnetism whereby some materials are weakly attracted by an applied magnetic field and form induced magnetic fields in the direction of the magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials include most chemical elements and some compounds. They have a relative magnetic permeability that is a little bit higher than 1. The magnetic moment caused by the applied magnetic field is linear in the field strength and weak.
NGC 727

**NGC 727** is a barred spiral galaxy in the Fornax constellation. It is about 446 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
NGC 731

**NGC 731** is an elliptical galaxy in the Cetus constellation. It is about 172 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
NGC 732

**NGC 732** is a lenticular galaxy in the Andromeda constellation. It is about 269 million light-years away from the Milky Way.
Reidsville, Georgia

**Reidsville** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Tattnall County.
Butler, Georgia

**Butler** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Taylor County.
Assérac

**Assérac** is a commune of 1,790 people (2017). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Saint-Benoist-sur-Vanne

**Saint-Benoist-sur-Vanne** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Saint-Benoît-sur-Seine

**Saint-Benoît-sur-Seine** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Saint-Christophe-Dodinicourt

**Saint-Christophe-Dodinicourt** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Sainte-Maure

**Sainte-Maure** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Sainte-Savine

**Sainte-Savine** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Saint-Étienne-sous-Barbuise

**Saint-Étienne-sous-Barbuise** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Saint-Flavy

**Saint-Flavy** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Lisa Gartner

**Lisa Gartner** is an American journalist. She won a 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, and Livingston Award . In 2019, she won a George Polk Award. She graduated from Northwestern University. She worked for the Washington Examiner, Tampa Bay Times, Philadelphia Inquirer, and San Francisco Chronicle.

## Other websites

- Lisa Gartner of the Philadelphia Inquirer has won the George Polk Award for Justice Reporting
Baldringen

**Baldringen** is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. As of 31 December 2019, 270 people lived there.
Nufringen

**Nufringen** is a municipality in Böblingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Gebäude und Straßenansichten in Nufringen 65.jpg
- **image caption**: The town hall in Nufringen
- **image coa**: Wappen Nufringen.svg
- **image plan**: Nufringen in BB.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Stuttgart
- **district**: Böblingen
- **elevation**: 459
- **area**: 10.04
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08115037
- **postal code**: 71154
- **area code**: 07032
- **licence**: BB
- **website**: [http://www.nufringen.de/ www.nufringen.de]
- **mayor**: Ingolf Welte
- **leader term**: 2017–25
Corine Rottschäfer

**Corine Spier-Rottschäfer** (8 May 1938 – 24 September 2020) was a Dutch model and beauty queen. She won the 1959 Miss World contest, representing the Netherlands.  She was the first woman from her country to win the title. The pageant was held in London, United Kingdom. Rottschäfer was born in Hoorn, Netherlands.

Rottschäfer died on 24 September 2020 at the age of 82.
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

**Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac** (6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist. He is mostly known because he discovered that water is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom oxygen with Alexander von Humboldt. He is also known for two laws related to gases with temperature and for his work on alcohol and water mixtures.
Bobby Wilson (tennis)

**Robert Keith Wilson** (22 November 1935 – 22 September 2020) was a top-ranking English tennis player. Wilson reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon four times, Forest Hills twice, and Roland Garros once during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He was also a well known Great Britain Davis Cup team member. Wilson was born in Hendon, Middlesex.

Wilson died on 22 September 2020 in Finchley, Middlesex at the age of 84.
Cara Fitzpatrick

**Cara Fitzpatrick** is an American journalist. She won a 2016 Pulitzer Prize in Local Reporting. and 2015 George Polk Award. In 2018, she was a Spencer Fellow. In 2019, she was a New Arizona Fellow. She graduated from University of Washington, and the Columbia University School of Journalism. She worked for the _Tampa Bay Times_.  She is an editor at Chalkbeat.
Pearson's green tree frog

**Pearson's green tree frog**, **Pearson's tree frog**, the **mountain stream tree frog**, **cascade tree frog** or **Cedar Creek tree frog** (_Ranoidea pearsoniana_) is a frog from Australia.  It lives in Queensland and New South Wales, from 200 to 1000 metres above sea level.

This frog lives in forests where the trees are close together.  It lives in fast-flowing streams in the forest.  It hides under rocks during the day and looks for food at night.  The females lay eggs in pools where the water does not flow fast, 360-730 at a time.  The eggs stick to the undersides of rocks or to plants or to the bottom of the pool.  The tadpoles become frogs after 2 to 2.5 months.
European Canoe Slalom Championships

The **European Canoe Slalom Championships** is an annual international canoeing and kayaking event organized by the European Canoe Association (ECA) since 1996. Until 2004 it was held every two years.

## Summary

|width=30|Edition|width=30|Year|width=300|Host|width=30|Events|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=center|1|1996|Augsburg, Germany|align=center|8|||
|align=center|2|1998|Roudnice nad Labem, Czech Republic|align=center|8|||
|align=center|3|2000|Mezzana, Italy|align=center|7|||
|align=center|4|2002|Bratislava, Slovakia|align=center|8|||
|align=center|5|2004|Skopje, Macedonia|align=center|6|||
|align=center|6|2005|Tacen, Slovenia|align=center|8|||
|align=center|7|2006|L'Argentière-la-Bessée, France|align=center|8|||
|align=center|8|2007|Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia|align=center|8|||
|align=center|9|2008|Kraków, Poland|align=center|8|||
|align=center|10|2009|Nottingham, Great Britain|align=center|8|||
|align=center|11|2010|Bratislava, Slovakia|align=center|9|||
|align=center|12|2011|La Seu d'Urgell, Spain|align=center|9|||
|align=center|13|2012|Augsburg, Germany|align=center|9|||
|align=center|14|2013|Kraków, Poland|align=center|9|||
|align=center|15|2014|Vienna, Austria|align=center|9|||
|align=center|16|2015|Markkleeberg, Germany|align=center|10|||
|align=center|17|2016|Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia|align=center|10|||
|align=center|18|2017|Tacen, Slovenia|align=center|10|||
|align=center|19|2018|Prague, Czech Republic|align=center|10|||
|align=center|20|2019|Pau, France|align=center|8|||
|align=center|21|2020|Prague, Czech Republic|align=center|8|||
|align=center|22|2021|Ivrea, Italy|align=center||||
|align=center|23|2022|Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia|align=center||||

## References

- European Championships results archive

## Other websites

- European Canoe Association
World Canoe Slalom Championships

The **ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships** are an international event in canoeing organized by the International Canoe Federation. The World Championships have taken place every year in non-Summer Olympic years since 2002. From 1949 to 1999, they had taken place in odd-numbered years. The 2001 championships were scheduled to take place in Ducktown, Tennessee (East of Chattanooga) from 20 to 23 September, but were canceled in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
European Canoe Association

The **European Canoe Association** (ECA) is the umbrella organization for canoeing sport in Europe. It was founded in Rome, Italy, on December 11, 1993. The organization has 45 member countries. The association was recognized by the International Canoe Federation at the ICF congress in Acapulco in 1994.

## Other websites

- Official website
European Canoe Marathon Championships

The **Canoe Marathon European Championships** is an international canoe marathon event organised by the European Canoe Association. The first edition took place in 1995 and subsequent stagings were held every two years until 2013, after which it became an annual competition.

## Other websites

- European Canoe Association
European Shooting Championships

The **European Shooting Championships** are the global sport shooting European championships as regards the disciplines of the sport shooting.

## Other websites

- ISSF Results Overview
- European Championships in all Shooting disciplines and events
- European Championships complete archive results (2010-2020) at European Shooting Confederation
European Gymnastics Championships

The European Union of Gymnastics organises **European Gymnastics Championships** for each of the following gymnastics disciplines:

### Current

European Artistic Gymnastics Championships

|Discipline|Competition|First held|Current Frequency||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=3|Artistic gymnastics|European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1955|(even years since 1990)|
|European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1957|(even years since 1990)|||
|European Men's and Women's Artistic Gymnastics Individual Championships|2005|(odd years)|||
|Trampoline|European Trampoline Championships|1969|(odd years)||
|Rhythmic gymnastics|Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships|1978|||
|Acrobatic gymnastics|European Acrobatics Championships|1978|(odd years)||
|TeamGym|European TeamGym Championships|1996|(even years)||
|Aerobic gymnastics|Aerobic Gymnastics European Championships|1999|(odd years)||

### Defunct

|Discipline|Competition|First held|Last held|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Artistic gymnastics|European Cup in Artistic Gymnastics|1988|1995|
|Rhythmic gymnastics|European Cup in Rhythmic Gymnastics|1989|1995|
|Artistic gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics|European Team Gymnastics Championships|1997|2003|

## Other websites

- Official website
European Union of Gymnastics

**European Gymnastics** is one of five continental unions that represents the interests of Europe in the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. It was formed on 27 March 1982.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: European Gymnastics
- **formation**: 27 March 1982
- **headquarters**: Lausanne
- **region served**: Europe
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Farid Gayibov
- **website**: [http://www.europeangymnastics.com/ www.europeangymnastics.com]
European Inline Speed Skating Championships

The **European Inline Speed Skating Championships** is the main inline speed skating championships in Europe, organized by European Confederation of Roller Skating.

## Medal history

- _<small>Through Barcelona 2019</small>_
|Rank|Country|Gold|Silver|Bronze|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**1**||434|306|217|929|
|**2**||164|185|205|532|
|**3**||70|101|120|285|
|**4**||69|77|88|231|
|**5**||46|78|105|223|
|**6**||28|52|58|133|
|**7**||8|2|1|11|
|**8**||2|9|14|24|
|**9**||1|2|2|5|
|**10**||0|6|6|12|

## Related pages

- World Juniors Inline Speed Skating Championships
- World Seniors Inline Speed Skating Championships

## Other websites

- CERS Official Website
- Results
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/cadeteurochampionships.htm
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/junioraeurochampionships.htm
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/juniorbeurochampionships.htm
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/senioreurochampionships.htm
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/senior-men-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/senior-women-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/junior-jun-a-boys-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/junior-jun-a-girls-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/jun-b-youth-boys-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/jun-b-youth-girl-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/cadet-boys-euros
- https://www.britishskatinglegends.com/cadet-girls-euros
European Badminton Championships

The **European Badminton Championships** is a tournament organized by the Badminton Europe (**BE**).

## Other websites

- European Championships, Individuals at _badmintoneurope.com_
Badminton Europe

**Badminton Europe** (BE) is the governing body of badminton in Europe. It is one of the five continental bodies under the flag of the Badminton World Federation (BWF). It now has 53 member associations and 1 associate member. It was founded on 27 September 1967 in Frankfurt, Germany.

On its annual meeting held on 8 April 2006 the members decided to change the name from **European Badminton Union** (EBU), to **Badminton Europe** (BE).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Badminton Europe
- **size**: 150px
- **abbreviation**: BE
- **formation**: 27 September 1967
- **type**: List of international sport federations, Sports federation
- **headquarters**: Brøndby, Denmark
- **membership**: 53 member associations
1 associate member
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Sven Serré
- **website**: http://badmintoneurope.com/Cms/
University of Kashmir

The **University of Kashmir** (also known as **Kashmir University** and abbreviated as **KU**) is a university located in Srinagar, in the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Talat Ahmad was appointed as the Vice Chancelor of the KU in August 2018.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Kashmir
- **native name**: کشمیر یونیورسٹی
- **motto**: من الظّلامت الى النّور
- **motto lang**: Arabic
- **mottoeng**: From Darkness to Light
- **chancellor**: List of lieutenant governors of Jammu and Kashmir, Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir
- **vice chancellor**: Nilofer Khan
- **city**: Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
- **country**: India
- **students**: 100000+
- **type**: Public University, Public
- **campus**: Urban,
- **language**: English, Kashmiri language, Kashmiri, Urdu
- **website**: ,  and
- **parent**: Government of Jammu And Kashmir
Johnson County, Tennessee

**Johnson County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 17,948 people lived there. The county seat is Mountain City.
Heartbreaker (song)

**"Heartbreaker"** is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. The song was released on September 21, 1999 in North America as the lead single to her seventh studio album _Rainbow_ (1999). The song samples the 1982 R&B song "Attack of the Name Game" under Stacy Lattisaw. "Heartbreaker" is about a relationship from a female perspective; the protagonist returns to her lover. But her lover constantly cheats on her.

"Heartbreaker" received mixed music reviews from critics. A number of critics felt the song wasn't original in terms of a creative step forward. However, it hit #1 on the United States _Billboard_ Hot 100 and the Canadian Singles Chart.

In the video, Carey played two women: herself and a woman named Bianca. There was a physical fight between these two women in a movie theater.
Lauderdale County, Tennessee

**Lauderdale County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 25,143 people lived there. The county seat is Ripley.
Tifton, Georgia

**Tifton** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Tift County.
Lyons, Georgia

**Lyons** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Toombs County.
Jeffersonville, Georgia

**Jeffersonville** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Twiggs County.
Lyons, Illinois

**Lyons** is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Lincolnwood, Illinois

|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;border-top:none;"|**Demographics (2020)**|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**White**|**Black**|**Native**|**Asian**|
|58.3%|1.9%|0.3%|31.1%|
|**Islander**|**Other**|**Mixed**|**Hispanic (any race)**|
|0.01%|2.6%|5.7%|7.4%|

**Lincolnwood** is a village in Cook County, Illinois in the United States. In 2020 the population was 13,463. It shares its southern, eastern, and a small section of its western boundary with Chicago, also bordering Skokie to the north and west.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lincolnwood
- **native name**: formerly Tessville, Illinois
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image map**: File:Cook County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lincolnwood Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location of Lincolnwood in Cook County, Illinois.
- **image map1**: Illinois in United States (US48).svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Illinois in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: County (United States), County
- **subdivision type3**: Civil township, Township
- **subdivision name1**: Illinois
- **subdivision name2**: Cook County, Illinois, Cook
- **subdivision name3**: Niles Township, Cook County, Illinois, Niles
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1922
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–manager
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.97
- **area total sq mi**: 2.69
- **area land km2**: 6.97
- **area land sq mi**: 2.69
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area water percent**: 0
- **population total**: 13463
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 1931.19
- **population density sq mi**: 5001.11
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 60712
- **area code**: Area Codes 224/847
- **geocode**: 43744
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 17-43744
Chadwick, Illinois

**Chadwick** is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Douglas, Wyoming

**Douglas** is a city in Wyoming in the United States. It is the county seat of Converse County.
We Are Not Your Kind

***We Are Not Your Kind*** is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Slipknot. We Are Not Your Kind was released on August 9, 2019.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: We Are Not Your Kind
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slipknot
- **released**: August 9, 2019
- **recorded**: November 2018 – April 2019
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
- **length**: 63:29
- **label**: Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
- **producer**: Greg Fidelman
- **prev title**: Day of the Gusano: Live in Mexico
- **prev year**: 2017
- **next title**: The End, So Far
- **next year**: 2022
Yukari Anzai

is a Taiwanese–Japanese voice actress. She grew up in Fukushima in Japan. She is represented by Swallow. She played the voices for Momo Minamoto in _Release the Spyce_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yukari Anzai
- **native name**: 安齋 由香里
- **native name lang**: ja
- **birth date**: December 31
- **birth place**: Taiwan
- **occupation**: Voice acting in Japan, Voice actress
- **years active**: 2017–present
- **agent**: Swallow
- **height**: 160 cm
Chapin, Illinois

**Chapin** is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Chatham, Illinois

**Chatham** is a village in Illinois in the United States.
Bar Nunn, Wyoming

**Bar Nunn** is a town in Wyoming in the United States.
Chesterfield, Illinois

**Chesterfield** is a village in Illinois in the United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Chesterfield, Illinois
- **settlement type**: List of towns and villages in Illinois, Village
- **image map**: File:Macoupin County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Chesterfield Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Macoupin County, Illinois
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin label**: Chesterfield
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Illinois
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Macoupin County, Illinois, Macoupin
- **subdivision type3**: Township
- **subdivision name3**: Chesterfield Township, Macoupin County, Illinois, Chesterfield
- **established title**: Founded
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Village president
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.40
- **area total sq mi**: 0.54
- **area land km2**: 1.40
- **area land sq mi**: 0.54
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 595
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 170
- **population density km2**: 121.38
- **population density sq mi**: 314.23
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 62630
- **area code**: Area code 618, 618
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 17-13165
Gerhard Weber (designer)

**Gerhard Weber** (3 June 1941 – 24 September 2020) was a German fashion designer and entrepreneur. He founded Gerry Weber, a fashion manufacturer and retailer in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia. He sponsored sports, especially tennis, and built a stadium named after the company. Weber was born in Halle.

Weber died on 24 September 2020 in Münster, Germany at the age of 79.
John J. Myers

**John Joseph Myers** (July 26, 1941 – September 24, 2020) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Peoria between 1990 and 2001, Ecclesiastical Superior of Turks and Caicos from 2001 to 2016 and Archbishop of Newark during the same time. Myers was born in Earlville, Illinois.

Myers died on September 24, 2020 in Ottawa, Illinois at the age of 79.
John Walter Jones

**John Walter Jones** (28 March 1946 – 24 September 2020) was a Welsh civil servant and executive. He was the first Chief Executive of the Welsh Language Board, a post which he held between 1993 and 2004. Jones was born in Moelfre, Anglesey.

Jones died in September 2020 at the age of 74.
Ray Batten

**Raymond "Ray" Batten** (23 September 1945 – 23 September 2020) was an English professional rugby league footballer. He was born in York, Yorkshire. He played in the 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1980s.

He played at representative level for Great Britain and England, and at club level for Heworth ARLFC and Leeds. He coached at club level for Wakefield Trinity.

Batten died on his 75th birthday on 23 September 2020.
Brenda Robertson

**Brenda Mary Robertson**, CM, ONB (May 23, 1929 – September 23, 2020) was a Canadian Conservative politician. She was a Senator from New Brunswick between 1984 and 2004. She was the first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick and the first woman to become a cabinet minister in the province. She was born in Sussex, New Brunswick.

Robertson died on September 23, 2020 in Riverview, New Brunswick at the age of 91.