juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wit

**Wit** is a form of intellectual humour. A wit is someone skilled in making witty remarks. A witty remark is a smart observation, put with humor and said in the perfect moment. Forms of wit include: the **quip** and the **repartee**.

Witty remarks may be intentionally cruel, and may be more ingenious than funny.

A **quip** is an observation or saying that has some wit but perhaps descends into sarcasm, or otherwise is short of point; a witticism also suggests the diminutive. **Repartee** is the wit of the quick answer. (Wilde: "I wish I'd said that." Whistler: "You will, Oscar, you will".)

es:Ingenio (desambiguación)
Joss stick

**Joss sticks** are a type of incense. They are traditionally burned before an Asian religious image, idol, buddha statue, or shrine. But some joss stick burning rituals (and the prayers that come with it) do not need to be done in front of religious images. They can be burned before anything without limits; like in front of a door, or open window as an offering. In modern days, the burning of joss sticks can be used for any reason, like making the smell of a room better or lighting fireworks up.
AFK Union Žižkov

**AFK Union Žižkov** is a football club in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1907 in the city of Prague.

## Historical names

- AFK Union Žižkov (1907–?)
- ASK Union Žižkov (?–1948)
- Sokol Union Žižkov (1948–1950)
- Sokol Žižkov B (1950–1952)
- ZSJ Pošta Žižkov (1952–1953)
- TJ Dynamo Žižkov Spoje (1953–?)
- TJ Spoje Žižkov
- TJ Union Žižkov
- AFK Union Žižkov

## Other websites

- Official site
Flirting

**Flirting** is a form of human behavior from one person toward another person, or between two people, usually showing a sexual or romantic interest in the other person. It can include conversation, body language (such as winking), or short physical contact.

## Other websites

- SIRC Guide to Flirting
- Nonverbal Courtship Patterns In Women: Context and Consequences
- Psychology Today - Flirting Fascination  –Reviews several studies on flirting
Trustworthiness

**Trustworthiness** or **honesty** is mainly a moral value. A trustworthy person is someone in whom we can place our trust and be sure that the trust will not be betrayed. Examples could be
- Do we trust this person to look after our children when we are not present?
- Do we trust this person to carry out a complicated repair to a piece of machinery?

The first example is moral. It depends on what we know about the person, their family and upbringing.

The second example is technical. We would need to know what kind of jobs the person had done before and, perhaps, what kind of training he had.

In order for one to trust another,their worth and integrity must be proven over time. That applies especially to the first (moral) case.
Trustworthiness in technical matters may be identified by attributes such as reliability, dependability and qualifications.

## Related pages

- Sincerity
- Virtue
- Loyalty
Shamisen

The **shamisen** or **samisen** (Japanese: 三味線, literally "three taste strings"), also called **sangen** (literally "three strings") is a Japanese musical instrument with three strings, that is played with a big plectrum called a _bachi_. The pronunciation in Japanese is usually "shamisen".

## Other websites

- Buy shamisen and other traditional Japanese instruments
- God of Shamisen is a progressive/metal band that has implemented the acoustic and amplified sound of the tsugaru-jamisen.
- About the shamisen
- Buy shamisens and shamisen accessories

### Audio

- Play with a shamisen
- Listen to a shamisen (in modern times)
- Listen to arrangements with shamisen of nagauta pieces Kokaji, Tsurukame, Echigo Jishi and Musume Dojoji

### Video

- Shamisen Player - Public Performance #2
- Shamisen Player - Public Performance
Obi

**Obi** (帯, おび) is a Japanese word meaning "belt" or "band". Mostly, it is used to describe the types of sash worn with kimono and keikogi.

Obi are worn by both men and women. They can be very simple, made of one layer of lightweight fabric, or decorated heavily, made of stiff, woven material, embroidered and dyed with different designs.

Obi for men are less wide and shorter than obi for women. Men mostly wear _kaku_ obi, but sometimes wear _heko_ obi, which are made of much softer material. _Heko_ obi are worn casually, but _kaku_ obi can be worn casually and formally.

Obi for women are much wider and longer. Most women usually wear a _nagoya_ obi, which is wider at one end. In summer, women wear _hanhaba_ obi with _yukata_. Formal obi for women can be woven from metallic yarns, covered in embroidery, or dyed in an elegant design.

Obi for women are usually the most expensive part of a kimono outfit. However, obi for men can be expensive as well. Expensive obi are usually made by very skilled artists. Some of these people are called National Living Treasures because they are so skilled.

Obi worn for practicing martial arts are a lot thinner and shorter than other kinds of obi. They come in different colours, and the colours show how skilled someone is in practicing martial arts. When someone becomes skilled enough, they wear a new colour of obi. Both men and women wear the same size and length of obi in martial arts, and they are not decorated with embroidery or dyes designs.
Britské listy

**Britské listy** is an Internet cultural and political daily published in the Czech Republic. It specialises in critical analysis of Czech politics; some Czech commentators consider this as "left-wing views".  It is editorially open and will publish stimulating pieces by authors from any part of the political spectrum

## Other websites

- Britské listy
- Focus on the Czech Republic (The best of Czech daily Britské listy)
Nitrogen cycle

The **nitrogen cycle** is the way that nitrogen in nature is changed into many different forms that are used by living organism[s].

Air is about 78% nitrogen. Nitrogen chemicals are needed for life. Nitrogen is a necessary part of proteins, DNA, and RNA. In plants, nitrogen is needed for photosynthesis and growth.  However, living things cannot use the elemental nitrogen in the air for these things. Nitrogen fixation is needed to change the nitrogen in air (N<sub>2</sub>) into forms that can be used by life. Most nitrogen fixation is done by microorganisms called bacteria. These bacteria have an enzyme that combines N<sub>2</sub> with hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>) to make ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>).

Some of these bacteria live in the roots of plants (mostly legumes). In these roots, they make ammonia for the plant and the plant gives them carbohydrates. Other plants take nitrogen compounds out of the soil through their roots. All nitrogen in animals comes from eating plants.

Ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub>) in soil is made by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers, bacteria and fungi that break down dead life into its parts. This process is called _ammonification_. Ammonium has a positive charge. It easily joins to clay and humus in the soil. Ammonia and ammonium are poisonous to fish and other animals. Sewage and other waste-water is regularly measured because of this. If ammonia levels are too high, _nitrification_ must happen.

Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonia and ammonium to nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) and then to nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) by bacteria. Because nitrite and nitrate have a negative charge they do not easily join to soil and will wash out of the soil during rain and irrigation.  High nitrate levels in drinking water are harmful for babies and can cause blue-baby syndrome.   High nitrate levels can also cause too much algae growth in lakes and pools.  This eutrophication can be harmful to fish and other water animals.  The use of fertilizers is controlled because of this.

Where there is no oxygen, some bacteria will make nitrate into nitrogen gas (N<sub>2</sub>) to extract energy. This starts the nitrogen cycle over again. This process is called _denitrification_.
Moscow State University

**Lomonosov Moscow State University** (**MSU**; ), also known as **Moscow State University**, is the largest and oldest university in Russia. It was made in 1755 and is in Moscow. It was made by Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov. It is named after Lomonosov.

The university building is an example of Stalinist architecture. In total, there are seven such towers around Moscow. The tower at the university is the largest one. The tower was designed by architect Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev. It was built after the war. He was awarded the Stalin Prize for its construction, in 1949. The building was the largest skyscraper outside New York for a long time. It was the tallest buildimg in Europe, until 1988. The central tower is 240m high. It has 36-stories. It is flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometers of corridors and 5,000 rooms. Facilities that are inside the building include a concert hall, a theatre, a museum, various administration services, a library, a swimming pool, a police station, a post office, a laundry, a hairdresser's salon, a canteen, bank offices, shops, cafeterias, and a bomb shelter. Along with the university administration, four of the main faculties - Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Geology, the Faculty of Geography, and the Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts - now are in the Main building. The star on the top of the tower is large enough so that it has a small room and a viewing platform; it weighs 12 tons. The building's facades are decorated with giant clocks, barometers, and thermometers, statues, carved wheat sheaves, and Soviet crests (recently renovated). It stands before a terrace featuring statues of male and female students gazing optimistically and confidently into the future.

## Other websites

- Moscow State University
- Pictures of Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow State University campus on Google Maps
Boarding school

A **boarding school** is a school where students live and sleep. Some boarding schools have day students who go home at the end of the school day. If the school costs money, they don't have to pay as much money. A person who stays at a boarding school is called a "boarder". In the UK 1% of children go to boarding schools and 13% of private school pupils are boarders. Most boarding schools are private. This means that as well as having to pay to sleep there, students have to pay for their education.

In Ghana most secondary school<nowiki/>s are boarding.

Famous private boarding schools include Eton College, Rugby School and Harrow School in the United Kingdom, Phillips Exeter Academy in the United States and Cornway College in Zimbabwe.

There are therapeutic boarding schools which offer treatment for psychological difficulties. Special needs education for children are catered for in some boarding schools. Some boarding schools offer 'democratic education', such as Summerhill School (where pupils make many of the decisions). Others are determinedly international, such as the United World Colleges. Military schools or academies provide discipline and may offer a way into military service. Gordonstoun in Scotland is a co-educational school for both day and boarding pupils.

Some famous novels use boarding schools as their setting. Examples include the_ Harry Potter_ series by J.K. Rowling;_ A Little Princess_ by Frances Hodgson Burnett; _The Catcher in the Rye _by J.D. Salinger;_ the Malory Towers, St. Clare's _and _The Naughtiest Girl _series_ _by Enid Blyton; and _Nicholas Nickleby _by Charles Dickens.
Utrecht (province)

**Utrecht** (officially _Province of Utrecht_) is a province in the Netherlands. It is found near the centre of the country. Utrecht is the smallest province by size in the Netherlands. About 1,388,000 people are living in Utrecht (2023).

Its capital is also called Utrecht, it is the city of Utrecht.

## Other websites

- Detailed Map of Utrecht
- Province maps showing subdivision in municipalities:
    - Municipalities of Utrecht Province
    - Detailed Information about Utrecht's Municipalities

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Utrecht
- **settlement type**: Province
- **image skyline**: Natuurgebied Kaapse Bossen Utrecht 07.JPG
- **image caption**: Kaapse Bossen (municipality of Utrechtse Heuvelrug)
- **image flag**: Utrecht (province)-Flag.svg
- **image shield**: Utrecht provincie wapen.svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Prov-Utrecht-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1815
- **seat**: Utrecht (city), Utrecht
- **area total km2**: 1560
- **area land km2**: 1484
- **area water km2**: 76
- **elevation max m**: 69
- **elevation min m**: -5
- **population as of**: 2023
- **population total**: 1388000
- **population density km2**: 935
George II of Great Britain

**George II** (George Augustus, 10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was a British king. He was born in Germany. He was the last British monarch born outside of Great Britain. New British law in the early 1700s allowed that only his father's mother, Sophia of Hanover, and her Protestant children to inherit the British throne. After the deaths of George's grandmother and Queen Anne of Great Britain in 1714, George's father became king of Great Britain as George I.

He became King of Great Britain and King of Ireland in 1727 after the death of his father. He was also Elector of Hanover. His son, Frederick, Prince of Wales died before him, so Frederick’s son became George III of Great Britain.

George II died of heart problems on the toilet on 25 October 1760.  His body was buried  on 11 November in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Caroline of Ansbach

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: George II of Great Britain
- **image**: King George II by Charles Jervas.jpg
- **succession**: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, King of Great Britain and Ireland
Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Elector of Hanover
- **reign**: 11 June 1727 – 25 October 1760
- **coronation**: 11 October 1727
- **predecessor**: George I of Great Britain, George I
- **successor**: George III of the United Kingdom, George III
- **birth date**: 9 November 1683
- **birth place**: Hanover
- **death place**: Kensington Palace, London, England
- **spouse**: Caroline of Ansbach
- **house**: House of Hanover, Hanover
- **father**: George I of Great Britain
- **mother**: Sophia Dorothea of Celle
Mandy Moore

**Amanda Leigh Moore**, known as **Mandy Moore** (born April 10, 1984) is an American actress and pop singer-songwriter. She was born in Nashua, New Hampshire and grew up in Longwood, Florida, outside of Orlando. She has been active since the late 1990s. She is known for the voice of Sheriff Callie in _Sheriff Callie's Wild West_, Bingo in _Rivit Monsters_, Polana in _Trolls: The Beat Goes On!_ and _Trolls: TrollsTopia_ and Courtney in the _Family Guy_ episode _No Giggity, No Doubt_, Rapunzel in Sofia the First and Tangled: The Series, Mara in Tron: Uprising, Tabitha Vixx in The Simpsons.

Moore is also a cast member of the 2016 American dramedy series _This Is Us_.

And she's also the Theme song singer of: _Sheriff Callie's Wild West_.

## Career

She also sings the Theme song of the show _Sheriff Callie's Wild West

## Discography

**Studio albums**
- _So Real_ (1999)
- _Mandy Moore_ (2001)
- _Coverage_ (2003)
- _Wild Hope_ (2007)
- _Amanda Leigh_ (2009)
- _Silver Landings_ (2020)
- _In Real Life_ (2022)

## Filmography

| 2014–2017
|_Sheriff Callie's Wild West''
| Sheriff Callie
| Voice, main role

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mandy Moore
- **image**: Mandy Moore 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Moore at the 83rd Academy Awards in 2011
- **birth name**: Amanda Leigh Moore
- **birth place**: Nashua, New Hampshire, U.S.
- **nationality**: American people, American
- **net worth**: United States dollar, US $23 million
Oiran

were courtesans in Japan. Oiran were part of Japanese society during the Edo period, (1600–1868). Prostitution was legal then, but only in special neighborhoods that were closed to outsiders. There were different kinds of oiran, depending on their beauty, skills in art, education, and more. High-ranking oiran were called . Only nobles could be with one. Tayū had many servants, and when they went outside, their servants carried them and followed them, making a procession. They wore very expensive clothes and jewelry. Any man who wished to be with an oiran had to follow difficult rituals and etiquette.

Geisha replaced oiran. Geisha practiced common types of entertainment enjoyed by the people of that time. They became more popular than oiran. The last known oiran was in 1761. A few women still practice the arts of the oiran today (without sex) to continue the cultural heritage.

## Other websites

- Tayu no Dochu
- Niigata Prefecture Bunsui Sakura Festival Oiran Parade
Ryōtei

A  is a type of very expensive and elegant Japanese restaurant. Traditionally they only accept new customers who are recommended by known and trusted clients. They usually include entertainment by geisha, but not always in modern times. Ryōtei are usually a place where very important business or political meetings can take place in private.

## Other websites

- New York Times article: _ In Tokyo's Ryotei, The Art of Service_
- _The Traditional Ryotei Are in Danger_ at japaninc.com
Taiko

means simply "drum" in Japanese. Outside Japan, the word is used to refer to any of the different kinds of Japanese drums (, _wadaiko_, "Japanese drum" in Japanese) and to the more or less new art of taiko drumming bands (sometimes better called, "kumi-daiko", ). The taiko drum originated in the country of Japan. This drum was created by Daihachi Oguchi in 1951. The taiko drum makes a very loud, deep sound.

In a traditional Japanese village the _odaiko_ (big drum) defined the extent of the village land. In modern Japan, wadaiko has become more of a performance art, seen only during festivals or in concert. The most famous Wadaiko performance group are 'Kodo' (meaning heart-beat). They are not only the worlds most respected Japanese drumming group, they also maintain many traditional art forms. They group lives on the island 'Sado Higashima' and live together as a community in a traditional way. Many other cultures have adopted this style of drumming, from Germany and the United States to Australia.

## Other websites

- Taiko history
- Taiko drums
- Taiko

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Taiko
- **names**: wadaiko, taiko drum
- **image**: TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg
- **image capt**: A _kumi-daiko_ group in Aichi Prefecture, Aichi, Japan
- **background**: percussion
- **classification**: Percussion
- **hornbostel sachs**: 212.2
- **hornbostel sachs desc**: Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly, which have tubular bodies.
- **inventors**: Unknown, origin possibly from India, China, or Korea.
- **developed**: 5th-7th century CE
- **midi**: General MIDI, 116/117 (Taiko Drum)
Kitagawa Utamaro

**Kitagawa Utamaro** (;  – 31 October 1806), also called **Utamaro**,  was a Japanese artist. He was a master of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.

## Career

Utamaro is known for his studies of women (_bijinga_). He also made nature studies.

His work was popular in Europe.  He influenced artists in Europe who were called Impressionists.

## Other websites

- Kitagawa Utamaro Online
- Utamaro
- (from "Collection of Insects in Pictures")
- Kitagawa Utamaro at Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut
Hanamachi

A **hanamachi** (花街) is a Japanese word used to call a neighborhood where courtesans and geisha lived and worked. The word's literal meaning is _"flower town"_. These neighborhoods used to have many _okiya_ (_geisha houses_) and _ochaya_ (_tea houses_, where geishas entertained guests). The term _hanamachi_ is used in modern Japan to call the areas where modern-day geisha are still living and working. Today, _hanamachi_ are rare outside of Kyoto.
Japanese traditional dance

There are two types of Japanese traditional dance: _Odori_, which was created in the Edo period; and _Mai_, which was created in the western part of Japan. Odori came from _Kabuki_ drama, where it is danced by men. Mai derives from _Noh_ drama, also danced by men. Today it is usually danced by female dancers, and is mostly done in houses, instead of on stage.

A type of the Mai style of Japanese dance is the _Kyomai_ or Kyoto style dance.  Kyomai was created in the 17th century Tokugawa cultural period. Noh drama, music and dance was heavily influenced by the elegance of the manners of the Japanese Imperial Court. Kabuki drama, and hence Odori, was a more democratic form, but still (viewed with modern eyes) quite traditional.
Parkour

**Parkour** is an activity in which the goal is to move from one place to another as quickly and efficiently as possible, using the abilities of the human body. Parkour helps to overcome barriers, and is practiced in rural and urban areas. Parkour practitioners are called _traceurs_, or _traceuses_ for females.

Founded by David Belle in France, practitioners only use efficient movements to develop their bodies and minds, and to be able to overcome barriers in an emergency. It may also be a form of entertainment or a hobby.

Acrobatics (such as flips and wall flips) are not part of parkour, because of inefficiency in a difficult situation (emergency). Freerunning is the branch of parkour, when such flips are used rather than efficient movement.

In 1988, David Belle was 15 years old. His father Raymond Belle was a great fireman. David was influenced by his father. He left school at the age of 16 and his father helped him to make him stronger. David and his classmates began to create new actions to train themselves. They named it parkour.

The basic motion of parkour
1. Landing
2. Roll
3. Rolling
4. Swan dive
5. Balance
6. Cat balance
7. Precision one foot take off
8. Precision 2 footed take off
9. Dismount
10. Turn vault
11. Wall run
12. Tic tac
13. Tic tac to precision
14. Crane
15. Moonstep
16. Catleap
17. 180% cat　　
18. Running cat　　
19. Tic tac to cat
20. Monkey vault
21. Kingkong vault　　
22. Double kingkong
23. Diving kingkong
24. Kong precision
25. Kingkong cat　　
26. Dash vault
27. Kingkong dash
28. Lazy vault
29. Speed vault
30. Underbar
31. Lache
32. Hand stand
33. Flag
34.Palmspin　　
35. Wall spin
36. Aerial。
37. Sideflip
38. Backflip
39. Frontflip
40. Star Jumping

Parkour does involve risks but usually the public tends to overestimate those. Football, as well as quite a lot of other sports as well, has a higher injury rate.

## Other websites

- American Parkour - American parkour and free running community full of information about parkour and how to get started practicing the art
- Parkourpedia of Australian Parkour Association
- Parkour.NET  - International parkour community.
Shakuhachi

The  is a Japanese flute which is played vertically (up-down) like a recorder, instead of horizontally (from side to side) like the Western transverse flute. Its name means "1.8 foot", its size. It is traditionally made of bamboo, but ones made of wood or plastic exist today. It was used by the monks of Zen Buddhism in the practice of _suizen_ (blowing meditation).

## Related pages

- Flute

## Other websites

- Shakuhachi info websites
- Archive of articles about the shakuhachi
- Shakuhachi Playing Tips  from Kakizakai Kaoru
- An online calculator for the positioning of the holes while constructing a Shakuhachi - German
- Shakuhachi in Federal Prison
- Open Directory Project - Shakuhachi
- Shakuhachi playing tips  from Phil Nyokai James
- The Shakuhachi Blog - News & Information

- Shakuhachi groups websites
- Myspace Shakuhachi Community
- Listing of Shakuhachi Schools and Organizations
- International Shakuhachi Society
- Shakuhachi Society of British Columbia
- Seattle Shakuhachi Society
- Australian Shakuhachi Society
- Shakuhachi Mailing List web archive
- ShakuhachiForum.com — world shakuhachi discussion
- Shakuhachi Chamber Music International
Christian movements

**Christian movements** are different religious, political and philosophical ideas of Christianity that means Christians belonging to one movement have a small difference in beliefs than a person from a different movement. Liberal Christianity and Evangelicalism are examples of different Christian movements.
Li Guang

**Li Guang** (;  ? – 119 BC) born in Tianshui, Gansu, China, was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty. His father, Li Xin, was a great military leader. Li Guang became a soldier when he was young. As Li Guang fought bravely in the battlefields, he was soon promoted to a general. He killed himself in the year 119 BC.

## Achievements

Li Guang, renowned for his leadership during the Western Han dynasty, was a stalwart military commander whose loyalty to his subordinates was unwavering. During the reign of Emperor Jing (157-141 BCE), Li Guang's merit ascended steadily. He rose to prominence as Commander-in-chief of Longxi, assuming the mantle of leadership as the head of the gentlemen of cavalry and Commandant of the imperial guard. Successively, he governed various commanderies as their appointed governor, showcasing his administrative prowess and dedication to imperial service. He fought mainly against the Xiongnu people which were located  to the north of Han China.

Under the reign of Emperor Wu (141-87 BCE), Li Guang's influence continued to burgeon. He was appointed Chamberlain for the Palace Garrison, entrusted with the safeguarding of the imperial residence. His military acumen led to his elevation as General of the imperial guard, a position of paramount importance in ensuring the security of the realm. Additionally, he assumed the mantle of governorship over Youbeiping, a strategic border region crucial for maintaining stability in the vicinity of modern Beijing. Through these appointments, Li Guang's legacy as a trusted guardian of the Han dynasty flourished. Through trials and triumphs, he stood by his soldiers, earning their respect and camaraderie. His prowess in archery was unmatched, a skill that bolstered his reputation and secured victories on the battlefield. His bravery and strategic acumen made him a formidable opponent, striking fear into the hearts of Hun adversaries who dubbed him the "Flying General."

Despite his military successes, Li Guang found himself marginalized by the court's bureaucrats, his contributions often overlooked or overshadowed. This neglect and disillusionment weighed heavily upon him, ultimately leading to his demise amidst a tide of sorrow and regret.
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea

The **Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea** is a London borough, west of central London. Notting Hill is in North Kensington.

The borough includes several districts in the west of London; before 1965 the two boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea were separately administered.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
- **settlement type**: London boroughs, London borough, Royal borough
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.svg
- **shield size**: 100px
- **image map**: Kensington and Chelsea in Greater London.svg
- **map caption**: Kensington and Chelsea shown within Greater London
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type2**: Country of the United Kingdom, Constituent country
- **subdivision name2**: England
- **subdivision type3**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name3**: Greater London, London
- **subdivision type4**: Ceremonial counties of England, Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name4**: Greater London
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1 April 1965
- **seat type**: Admin HQ
- **seat**: Kensington Town Hall, London, Holland Street
- **government type**: London borough council
- **governing body**: Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council
- **leader title2**: London Assembly
- **leader name2**: James Small-Edwards (Labour) AM for West Central (London Assembly constituency), West Central
- **leader title3**: List of MPs elected in the 2019 United Kingdom general election, MPs
- **area total km2**: 12.13
- **area rank**: List of English districts by area, (of )
- **population rank**: List of English districts by population, (of )
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT
- **utc offset**: ±00:00UTC
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time, BST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **postal code type**: Postcodes in the United Kingdom, Postcodes
- **postal code**: , ,
- **area code**: 020
- **iso code**: GB-KEC
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank1 info**: 00AW
- **blank2 name**: GSS coding system, GSS code
- **blank2 info**: E09000020
- **blank name sec2**: List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Police
- **blank info sec2**: Metropolitan Police
- **website**: [http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/ www.rbkc.gov.uk]
London Borough of Enfield

The **London Borough of Enfield** is the northernmost London borough. It is controlled by the Labour party. It is an area with people from many countries and cultures in it.

## Infobox (london borough)

- **name**: London Borough of Enfield
- **short name**: Enfield
- **imagename**: Image:LondonEnfield.png
- **status**: London Boroughs, London borough
- **area rank**: 261st
- **area km2**: 82.20
- **ons code**: 00AK
- **adminhq**: Civic Centre, Enfield Town
- **ethnicity**: 69.6% White
16.5% British African-Caribbean community, African-Caribbean
9.8% British Asian, South Asian
0.2% Jewish
3.9% Other
- **url**: http://www.enfield.gov.uk/
- **leadership**: Leader & Cabinet
- **mayor**: Cllr Kate Anolue
- **leader of council**: Labour Party
- **mps**: David Burrowes
Andrew Love
Joan Ryan
- **gla constituency**: Enfield and Haringey
- **gla member**: Joanne McCartney
Huo Qubing

**Huo Qubing** (; 140 BC - 117 BC) was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was very good at shooting with his bow on a horse. When he was 18, he was ordered to attack the Xiongnu with 800 cavalry. Finally, his troops killed about 2,000 enemies and kidnapped the imperial officials.

In the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu ordered Huo Qubing to invade the Xiongnu with 10,000 cavalry. He occupied 5 cities within 6 days and finally killed 8,000 enemies. In order to fairly eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing led 100,000 cavalry and fought with their enemies in the desert in the spring of 119 BC. Huo Qubing died in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), the capital of the Han Dynasty, when he was 24.
Kali Yuga

In Hinduism, **Kali Yuga** (Devanāgarī: , lit. "Age of Kali", "age of vice"), is one of the four stages or yugas that the world goes through. Traditionally, most Hindus believe that the Kali Yuga is 432,000 years long. Kali Yuga, in Punjabi known as Kalyug, is also recognized and stated in Sikhism.

## Other websites

- On the Golden period of 10,000 years in current Kali Yuga
- Future History of the World - description of the features of Kali Yuga
- Comparison of Hindu and Christian end-of-world prophecies
- Story of the Kali Yuga 'taking up residence' at beginning of the current age
- Kali Yuga and the Precession of the Equinoxes
Squash (plant)

**Squashes** are a kind of vegetable. They are originally from the Americas. Gourds are in the same family as squashes. Pumpkins and zucchini (courgette) are types of squashes.  Although squash is a fruit according to its botanical classification, it is generally considered a vegetable in food preparation. A squash can grow up to fifteen feet tall.

## Word origin

The English word "squash" comes from askutasquash (which means "a green thing eaten raw"). This is a word from the Narragansett language, which was documented by Roger Williams in his 1643 publication _A Key Into the Language of America_. There are similar words for squash in related languages of the Algonquian family such as Massachusett.

## Squash and art

The squash has been an important crop in the Andes mountains since the pre-Columbian Era. The Moche culture from Northern Peru made ceramics from earth, water, and fire. This pottery was used to represent important themes. Squash are a popular shape in Moche ceramics.

## Other websites

- Squash Display at Missouri Botanical Garden - Pics of 150 varieties from The Great Pumpkin Patch, Arthur, IL
- Big-Pumpkins.de  This is a very informative site for the new as well as experienced giant pumpkin (Riesenkürbis) and squash grower aimed towards the German speaking audience, though all growers are welcome.
- The Great Squash Cook-off  - Recipe contest for winter squash in Brooklyn, NY
Squash

**Squash** may refer to:
- Squash (plant), the fruit
- Squash (sport), an indoor racket sport
    - Squash tennis, a similar game but played with equipment related more to that of tennis
    - _Squash_ (2002 movie), an Academy Award-nominated short movie about a squash game
- Squash (drink), a drink made of concentrated fruit syrup or fructose
- Squash (professional wrestling), an extremely one-sided match in professional wrestling
- SquashFS, a read-only file system
Nelumbo

***Nelumbo*** is a genus of water plants which are also known as lotus.  Lotus flowers are large – up to 20 cm (8 inches) across – and they smell sweet.

The Sacred lotus of Asia has pink flowers. The American lotus has yellow flowers.

In India the lotus is considered a symbol of purity

The lotus flowers grow over the water. Lotus leaves often float on top of the water. The roots of lotus plants are in the mud (wet dirt) under the water. Every part of every plant must have air for respiration (breathing). Air spaces in the stems and roots make the lotus able to live and respire under water.

People can eat lotus roots and seeds. Cattle (cows) like to eat the leaves and flowers.

Lotuses look rather like water lilies from the Nymphaeaceae family.  It is the "National flower" of both India and Vietnam and also the "Provincial flower" of Sindh province, Pakistan.

## Species

- _Nelumbo lutea_ <small>Willd.</small> – American lotus
- _Nelumbo nucifera_ <small>Gaertn.</small> – sacred lotus
- †_Nelumbo aureavallis_ <small>Hickey</small>
Nymphaeaceae

In botany, **Nymphaeaceae** is the name of a family of plants which grow in water. The family is also called _water-lily family_.

Their flowers suggest they are one of the earliest groups of angiosperms. Modern genetic analyses by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group researchers has confirmed its basal position among flowering plants.

Also, the Nymphaeaceae are more diverse and wdespread than other basal angiosperms. Nymphaeaceae is in the order Nymphaeales. According to the most widely accepted flowering plant classification system, this is the second diverging group of angiosperms after _Amborella_.
Ugly Betty

***Ugly Betty*** is a Golden Globe- and Peabody Award-winning American comedy-drama television series. It stars America Ferrera, Vanessa Williams, and Eric Mabius. It premiered on September 28, 2006, on ABC in the United States. The series follows the life of Betty Suarez (Ferrera), and her incongruous job at the ultra-chic New York City fashion magazine _"Mode"_. Betty's status as a "fish out of water" drives much of the plot. Ugly Betty ended on April 14, 2010 after low ratings during season 4.

## Seasons

**USA TV ratings**

Based on average total viewers per episode of _Ugly Betty_ on ABC:

||Season||Timeslot (EDT)||Season premiere||Season finale||TV Season||Rank||Viewers (in millions)||18-49 (Rank)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|September 28, 2006|May 17, 2007|style="font-size:11px;text-align:center"|2006-2007|||||||||||||
|style="text-align:center"|11.3|style="text-align:center"|3.7/10 (**#40**)|||||||||||||
|September 27, 2007|May 22, 2008|style="font-size:11px;text-align:center"|2007-2008|||||||||||||
|style="text-align:center"|9.4|style="text-align:center"|3.6|||||||||||||
|September 25, 2008|May 21, 2009|style="font-size:11px;text-align:center"|2008-2009|||||||||||||
|style="text-align:center"|8.0|style="text-align:center"|2.8|||||||||||||
|October 16, 2009|April 14, 2010|style="font-size:11px;text-align:center"|2009-2010|||||||||||||
|style="text-align:center"|5.5|style="text-align:center"|1.5|||||||||||||

## In popular culture

Since the show's debut, the main characters have become the latest fixures in the lexicon of pop media culture. They have already had parodies, news media stories and art-imitating-life situations, as well as recognition from the United States Congress itself.

## Other websites

- Bettysuarez.com Betty's "personal site"
- Bettyalamode.com  _Ugly Betty_ Fansite
- _Ugly Betty_ Italia  The first Italian site about _Ugly Betty_
- _Ugly Betty_ UK A UK _Ugly Betty_ Blog

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Fernando Gaitán
- **developer**: Silvio Horta
- **theme music composer**: Jeff Beal
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 4
- **num episodes**: 85
- **list episodes**: List of Ugly Betty episodes
- **executive producer**: Salma Hayek, Silvio Horta, Ben Silverman
- **starring**: America Ferrera
Eric Mabius
Rebecca Romijn
Tony Plana
Ana Ortiz
Ashley Jensen
 Becki Newton
Mark Indelicato
Alan Dale
Vanessa L. Williams, Vanessa Williams
Michael Urie
- **location**: New York City, New York (state), New York, ("Pilot (Ugly Betty episode), Pilot")
USA Los Angeles, California, USA (rest of the series)
- **runtime**: 60 min (approx. 42 min without commercials)
- **network**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **related**: Remake of _Betty la Fea_
Shinto shrine

A **Shinto shrine** is a sacred place or site where people worship in the Shinto religion. Many Shinto shrines have buildings, gates, and natural areas such as forests and rivers around them. The usual Japanese word for a Shinto shrine is .

## Related pages

- Ichinomiya
- Japanese mythology
- Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines

## Other websites

- Shinto Rites & Procedures - How to perform Shinto rites.
- omiyasan.com in Japanese.
Miko

are women in the service of Shinto shrines. The translation of _Miko_ is "Woman of God" (chosen by, or totally devoted to, the gods), but the closest meaning is _"shrine maiden"_. In Shinto, there are priestesses; but Miko are not priestesses, because they have less authority. However, they can act as priestesses if needed. They usually help Shintoist priests.

## Other websites

- Odamachi:Miko, Shinto Shrine Maidens
Mineko Iwasaki

, born **Masako Tanaka** on November 2, 1949 in Kyoto, was Japan's number one  _geiko_ (geisha) until she retired at the age of 29. She entertained many important people when they visited Japan, like Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles. She retired because she was tired of the profession, and wanted to start a family.

Author Arthur Golden did an interview to her and used her as inspiration for his book _Memoirs of a Geisha_, that was later made a movie. Iwasaki later said that the book was full of lies, and that nothing that Golden said ever happened to her. She put a lawsuit against Golden for this, and they solved it out of court in 2003. After the publication of _Memoirs of a Geisha_, Iwasaki wrote her autobiography, _Geisha, A Life_.

## Related pages

- Geisha
- Kyoto

## Other websites

- "Q & A: Remaking a Memoir" (interview by Tamara Wieder, from _The Boston Phoenix_, October 10-17, 2002)
Libra (astrology)

**Libra** is an astrological sign,  related to the constellation Libra, in the Southern Hemisphere near Scorpius and Virgo. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun meets Libra from September 23 to October 23, and in the sidereal zodiac, it ends on November 15. Libra, (The Scales of Balance), is the only symbol of the zodiac that is inanimate (it is not represented by an animal or person). The opposite sign to Libra is Aries.

The corresponding month in the Babylonian calendar is _Tišritum_, made for Shamash (the Sun).

## Symbol

Libra's symbol, like the scales, is the only symbol in the zodiac that is not represented by an animal or person.

## Mythology

In mythology  a Libra is related to the Greek Goddess of love, Aphrodite, the Greek mythology
Libra is also related to the Greco-Roman goddess Aphrodite/Venus and sometimes also the goddesses Eris/Discordia & Harmonia/Concordia,Dike, Themis, Hera/Juno, Ishtar, Freyja, Persephone, Frigg and Forsetti the god Xolotl.

## Traditional relationships with Libra

- Birthstone = Opal, Tourmaline, Philosopher
- Colors =  Sea Blue, Pale Green, Pink, Lavender
- Gemstones = Lapis, Tourmaline, Aventurine
- Metal = Silver, Platinum, Steel, Gold

## Libra People

- Kamala Harris - politician
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez - politician
- Karyn Parsons- Actress, Model
- Toni Braxton - singer, model
- Park Jimin - Singer
- Will Smith - Actor, musician
- Doja Cat - Musician
- Crystal Renee Hayslett- Actress
- Serena Williams, athlete, model, actress
- Terri J. Vaughn - actress, model
- James Earl Carter - thirty-ninth president of the United States of America
- Al Capp - cartoonist
- Michael Douglas - actor, movie producer
- Mahatma Gandhi - activist, pacifist, philosopher
- Bob Geldof - musician, humanitarian
- Julio Iglesias - singer
- Margot Kidder - actress
- Kate Winslet - English Actress
- Groucho Marx - comedian, filmmaker
- Roger Moore - actor
- Eleanor Roosevelt - politician
- Bashar Rahal - actor,producer
- Susan Sarandon - actress
- Bobby Seale - activist
- Dmitri Shostakovich - composer
- Desmond Tutu - cleric, activist
- Sting - musician
- Captain Row Robinson - New Zealand Maori Chief and Fisherman
- Truman Capote - Novelist, Playwright, Story Writer
- Crystal Sinclair
- Dustin Dukes
- Ne-Yo - Musician
- Zac Efron - Actor
- Marina Diamandis - Singer/Songwriter
- Eminem - Rapper
- Park Jimin- South Korean singer
- Cardi B-Rapper
- Lil Wayne-Rapper
- Kim Kardashian-socialite
- Usher-R&B singer
- Hilary Duff-Disney actress and singer
- Serena Williams - Tennis Player
- Bella Thorne-Disney actress and singer
- Bruno Mars-Singer
- Snoop Dogg -Rapper
- Avril Lavigne-Singer
- Dakota Johnson - Actress
- Alicia Silverstone - Actress
- Josh Hutcherson - Actor
Matsya

Hindus believe that the Matsya was the first important avatar of Vishnu in Dashavatar.

As the Matsya avatar, Vishnu took the form of a big fish. Sometimes, it is said that he took the form of a half-man and half-fish. There is a story about this in Hindu scriptures. The story tells about a demon (an asura). That asura was very wicked. He snatched the Vedas, the holy books of the Hindus, and went deep inside the sea. At this point, Vishnu changed his form. He became a _matsya_, that is, a fish. He entered the sea and brought back the Vedas. He gave the Vedas to Manu. The Hindu scriptures say that Manu was the first man in the world. He may be compared with Noah or Adam.
Kurma

**Kurma** is an avatar in the Hindu religion. Hindus believe that Vishnu, an important god of Hinduism, had several forms, or avatars, and the second important avatar is called the Kurma avatar. In this avatar, Vishnu took the form of a kurma to help the devtas and asuras to churn the Kshira Sagara, to gain amrita. This avatar took the Mount Mandaar on his back and helped the mount to churn the ocean. Kurma is a Sanskrit language word that means a tortoise. As a kurma, Vishnu is the symbol of strength and stability.
Varaha

Hindus believe that Vishnu had taken many important avataras, and the Varaha avatara was the third avatara of Vishnu in Dashavatara. In this avatara, Vishnu took the form of a wild boar, Varaha is a Sanskrit language word that means a wild boar. The Hindu scriptures tell a story about this avatara. There was a daitya (a demon) named Hiranyaksha. He threw the Earth (called Prithvi by the Hindus) into the waters of the primordial ocean. The Earth was about to sink in the primodial ocean. At this point, Vishnu took the form of a wild boar. He entered the primordial ocean and carried the Earth on its body and brought the earth safely to where it should be in the Solar System and killed Hiranyaksha by stabbing him to death with his tusks and breaking his chest with his mace. Thus, Vishnu as a boar named Varaha saved the Earth from being destroyed to rubble in the primordial ocean by killing Hiranyaksha by stabbing him to death with his tusks and breaking his chest with his mace.
Prithvi

**Prithvi** is the name for the goddess of the Earth in Hinduism.

The goddess Prithvi is also called Vasundhara, Dharti, Bhumi.
Daitya

A **Daitya**, according to Hinduism, is a type of giant that fought against the gods.
Manu (Hinduism)

**Manu** is a term found in Hinduism.

It has various meanings in different mythologies. In early texts, it refers to the archetypal man, or to the first man on Earth.
Wild boar

The **wild boar** (_Sus scrofa_) belongs to the family of the real pig (Suidae) from the order of artiodactyls. They live today in almost every part of the world, even many countries that are not their natural habitats.

The wild boar is native to Eurasia and North Africa. Wild boars are omnivorous and easily adapt to changes. They were hunted in Europe from long ago for many of their body parts, and were shown in the mythology of many ancient civilizations. Greek, Phoenician, and Persian mythology showed them as fierce, sometimes evil, while others showed them as brave, powerful animals. Again, others saw them as parasitic. Even today many people see wild boars very differently.

The hair of the boar was often used when making the toothbrush until the 1930s. The hair for the bristles usually came from the neck area of the boar. The brushes were popular because the bristles were soft. However, this was not the best material for oral hygiene because the hairs dried slowly and usually held bacteria.

## Appearance

The body of the wild boar, when seen from the side, often looks very big. This impression is partly because, compared to the large body mass, the legs of the wild boar are short and do not look very strong. The wild boar's head is very large. Its eyes are high up on the head, while the ears are small with bristles around it. Its tail can move very quickly, and the wild boar often uses it to show when his mood. If seen from the front, the body looks quite narrow. The wild boar has 44 teeth in its jaw, which helps its strong bite. The male and the female wild boars' snout shapes are different.

## Piglets

A wild boar usually gives birth to about 4 – 6 piglets at a time. Piglets weigh from about 750 – 1000g when they are first born. They are fully weaned after 3 – 4 months. They begin eating solid foods such as worms and grubs after about 2 weeks.

## In culture

Wild boar appears in European culture as symbol of warrior virtues. It also appears in Greek, Norse mythologies, vaishnavism, hinduism.

- Erymanthian Boar
- Hildisvini
- Sæhrímnir
- Varaha
- Kalki

## Further reading

- "Hunt goes on to find missing boar" (from BBC News)

## Other websites

- Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) photos
- Scoring system, official rules and category links