Hera

In Greek mythology, **Hera** was the goddess of women, family, and marriage. She is married to Zeus. She is one of the Twelve Olympians. Hera was also a protector of cities, a goddess of kingship and legitimacy. The name Hera is hypothesized to mean 'lady', or ‘relating to the year’ by modern historians, but Ancient Greek authors thought her name was derived from ‘air’ (ἀήρ, pronounced “ah-AIR”) or ‘beloved’(Ἐρατή, pronounced “air-ah-TEH’).  Her own special signs are the peacock, the pomegranate, and the cow. Her other important items are the crown and veil.

Hera's parents are Kronos and Rhea. Her brothers and sisters are Zeus (whom she also married), Hestia, Demeter, Hades, and Poseidon. Hera has two daughters and two sons, Hebe, Eileithyia, Ares and Hephaestus. Her step-children include Athena, Dionysus, Persephone, and the twins, Apollo and Artemis.

Hera is the queen of all the Greek gods and goddesses. She is often represented in art as regal and serious. Hera is also called 'The Queen of Heaven' because she rules over Mount Olympus where all of the gods and goddesses live and because she is the wife of Zeus. Some myths associate her with rulership, empires, queens, and kingdoms. The Ancient Greeks wrote that Hera is one of the most beautiful and important goddesses, and she was a pretty important goddess in some parts of Greece. However, most people only know her for being vengeful against a few of Zeus’s children and mistresses, though most of them went unnoticed by the goddess.

## Important myths

Hera’s most well-known myths are about her wrath towards some of Zeus’s lovers and children, but her mythology is a bit more complicated than that.

**<big>Kronos</big>**

Kronos was the previous king of the gods who swallowed his children after they were born. Hera was one of these children. Fortunately she and her other siblings were released by Zeus and she fought to overthrow him in a war referred to as the Titanomachy.

**<big>Marriage to Zeus</big>**

After Zeus became king he started liking Hera and wanted to sleep with her. Some stories (such as the Iliad) say that they were together before the Titanomachy, but only married later. Another story says that Zeus turned into a bird and caused a storm, causing Hera to put him in her lap to protect him. He then turned back and asked her to marry him. She agreed and they got married.

**<big>Jason and the Argonauts</big>**

Jason was a hero from a place called Thessaly and he had to go on a quest for a Golden Fleece in order to become king of Thessaly. While he was trying to cross a river, he encountered Hera (disguised as an old woman) and carried her to the other side, losing a sandal in the process. From that point on Hera helped him succeed on his quest by helping him find a crew, a boat, and allies on his journey.

**<big>Dionysus</big>**

Dionysus is a son of Zeus by a human princess named Semele. Hera tried to kill him when he was a baby with the Titans. The Titans were going to make Dionysus come to him by showing him toys, and then eat him. Zeus scared the Titans away with his thunderbolts, but the Titans had already eaten everything but Dionysus's heart. Zeus used the heart to make Dionysus again. He did this by putting the heart in the womb of Semele before another incident, which led to him being sewn into Zeus’s thigh. Dionysus was then born for a second time.

### Echo

Echo is a nymph in Greek mythology. She once had the job of distracting Hera from Zeus having relationships with other women. She did this by leading Hera away and flattering her. When Hera found out she was very angry with Echo. She put a curse on her that meant that she could only speak the words of other people after she had heard them. It is due to this story that we get the meaning behind the word

### Io

Io is a mistress of Zeus. Hera almost caught Io and Zeus together, but Zeus hid Io by turning her into a cow. Hera was not fooled and said that Zeus had to give her the cow as a present. Once Io belonged to Hera she was looked after by Argus. It was Argus's job to make sure that Io and Zeus were never together. Zeus ordered Hermes to kill Argus so that Io would be free. Hermes did this by killing Argus after he had been lulled to sleep. Hera then sent a gadfly to sting Io as she walked about on the earth.

### Lamia

Lamia is a queen of Libya whom Zeus was in love with. Hera was jealous of Lamia and turned her into a monster. When she was a monster, Lamia then killed her children. Another version of this story is that Hera killed Lamia's children and was then so sad that she turned into a monster. Hera also put a curse on Lamia. The curse was that Lamia could not close her eyes. Hera chose this curse because she wanted Lamia to always think about the picture of her dead children. Zeus then gave Lamia the gift of being able to take her eyes out, so that she could rest. She could then put them back in again afterwards.

### Leto

When Hera found out that Leto was pregnant with twins by Zeus she was angry. She banished Leto from Olympus, she also banned her from giving birth on any mainland or island that was known. Leto found a floating island, called Delos. It was neither a mainland or a _real_ island, so Leto was allowed to give birth there. Artemis was born first, who then helped Leto to give birth to Apollo. After Artemis and Apollo was born, Hera was furious. So she sent the snake-monster, Python to hunt Leto and her twins. When Apollo reached to his adulthood, he slayed Python in Delphi and decreed that the humans will built a temple there in honour of his victory against Python. Few years later, Hera sent a giant named Tityos to rape Leto, but he was killed by Apollo and Artemis. Delos was later held down with four pillars so that it would not float around anymore. It is said to be surrounded by swans and later became a sacred place to Apollo.

### Heracles

Heracles is the stepson of Hera. Hera discovered that her husband, Zeus had an affair with a mortal woman named Alcmene and she became extremely jealous at the mortal woman. Hera used all the power she had to prevent Alcmene from giving birth to Heracles. When Alcmene was about to give birth to Heracles, Hera requested that Zeus swore an oath and declare upon all the other Gods that the descendant of Perseus will be born on that day and the child will rule eveything around him. Then Hera descended from Olympus to Argos and cause the wife of Sthenelus, son of Perseus to gave birth to Eurystheus after only seven months while Hera tried to prevent Alcmene into giving birth to Heracles by holding back her daughter Eileithyia. This cause the fullfilment of Zeus' oath in that it was Eurystheus instead of Heracles. Hera continues her wrath on Heracles while he was still an infant. She sends two poisonous snakes to Heracles to kill him in his cradle. Heracles throttles the snake with his bare hands and the nurse sees him playing with the dead snake as if they were a child's toy, filling her with panic. When he is grown up and married, she then fills him with madness and he kills his wife and children, causing him to do Twelve Labours to atone for the crime. Afterwards he dies and ascends to Olympus, where Hera lets him marry her daughter Hebe and welcomes him like her own son.

## Related pages

- Uni - Etruscan mythology version of Hera.
- Juno - Roman mythology version of Hera.