juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pollyanna (1960 movie)

***Pollyanna*** (1960) is a Walt Disney Productions movie. It stars child actress Hayley Mills and Jane Wyman. The movie is based on the 1913 children's novel _Pollyanna_ by Eleanor Porter. David Swift wrote the screenplay and directed the movie. _Pollyanna_ is the first of six movies Mills made for Disney. She won an Academy Juvenile Award for her performance as Pollyanna.

## Story

Pollyanna is an orphan. She arrives in the town of Harrington to live with her rich Aunt Polly. The girl is a happy youngster who believes in the goodness of life. She makes many friends. Aunt Polly controls the town because she is the richest citizen. The people of Harrington want an old orphanage rebuilt. Aunt Polly opposes the idea. The people defy Aunt Polly and plan a bazaar to raise funds for a new building. Aunt Polly is furious. She forbids Pollyanna to participate. On the evening of the bazaar however, Pollyanna slips away and has a wonderful time. She returns home. She tries to avoid her Aunt by climbing a tree outside her bedroom window. She falls and injures her legs. Her cheerful spirits sink, making recovery doubtful. The people of Harrington learn of Pollyanna's accident. They visit her and assure her that she is loved. Pollyanna's spirits return to their usual cheerfulness. She leaves for Baltimore with Aunt Polly to have an operation on her legs.
Tropaeolum

**Tropaeolum** is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants and the only genus in the family Tropaeolaceae. The genus _Tropaeolum_ is native in Central America and South America. The roots of the specie T. polyphyllum from Chile can survive underground when air temperatures drop as low as -15°C (5°F).
Yun Hyu

**Yun Hyu** (Korean:윤휴, 尹鑴, October 14, 1617–May 20, 1680) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier during the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His other names were **Baegho** (백호, 白湖) and **Haheon** (하헌, 夏軒). His Chinese style names were **Du'goe** (두괴, 斗魁) and **Huijung** (희중, 希仲). He was a middle-ranking member of the North Man party.

## Works

- Baekhojunseo (백호전서, 白湖全書)
- Baekhodokseogi (백호독서기, 白湖讀書記)
- Juryeseol (주례설, 周禮說)
- Hongbeomseol (홍범설, 洪範說)
- Jungyongdaehakhuseol (중용대학후설, 中庸大學後說)
- Jungyongseol (중용설, 中庸說)
- Baekhojip (백호집, 白湖集)

## Related pages

- Silhak
- Heo Mok
- Heo Jeok
- Song Siyeol
- Yun Seondo
- Song Jungil

## Other websites

- http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=15008
- http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_6JOb_A1617_1_0008791&curSetPos=0&curSPos=0&isEQ=true&kristalSearchArea=P
Human settlement

In archaeology, geography, and history, a **human settlement** is a place where people live, either permanently (all the time) or temporarily (only some of the time). When people go to an area to live there, it is called **settling** an area. When they come from far away it is sometimes called a colony. The term may include hamlets, villages, suburbs, towns and cities. Nomadic people do not settle.
Microtia

**Microtia** meaning 'small ear' is a deformation of the outer ear. Over 90% of the time, only one ear is affected, but both ears can be affected. More boys are affected than girls. The right ear is more affected than the left. One in 1000 people have microtia. It can affect hearing. There are four grades of microtia:
- Grade I: A slightly small ear with identifiable structures and a small but present external ear canal
- Grade II: A partial or hemi-ear with a closed off ("stenotic") external ear canal producing a conductive hearing loss
- Grade III: Absence of the external ear with a small peanut vestige structure and an absence of the external ear canal and ear drum
- Grade IV: Absence of the total ear {"anotia")
Grade III is most common, and can be corrected by surgery.
Ishikari Province

was an old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Ishikari Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Ishikari Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Ishikari Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Ishikari and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Kitami Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Sōya Subprefecture and Abashiri Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Kitami Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan including Kitami Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Kitami and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Kushiro Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Kushiro Subprefecture and part of Abashiri Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Kushiro Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Kushiro Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Kushiro and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Albert II

The name **Albert II** refers to :

- Albert II of Belgium 6th King of Belgium (1993-2013).

- Albert II, Prince of Monaco Prince of Monaco.
Nemuro Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Nemuro Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Nemuro Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Nemuro Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Nemuro and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Queen Letizia of Spain

**Queen Letizia of Spain** (_Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano_, born 15 September 1972), is the wife of Felipe VI, the king of Spain.

Before her marriage to the prince, she worked as a journalist for several mass media companies. These included the Austrian newspaper _La Nueva España_, _ABC_ and EFE. She also presented the news on television. In 2000, she received the Larra Prize for her work as the best journalist under 30 years of age.

## Life

In 1998, she married Alfonso Guerrero. The next year they divorced. Later she met the Prince Felipe at a dinner party. They married on May 22, 2004. Their daughter Leonor was born in October 2005. She is the second in the line of succession for the Spanish Crown. Sofía, her second daughter, was born in April 2007.

Since her second wedding, she has had the title of Princess of Asturias. She accompanies her husband on official travel wherever she can. She very much likes fashion. People and the press are always noticing what she is wearing.

Following the abdication of her father-in-law in June 2014, her husband succeeded to the Spanish throne as Felipe VI with Letizia as his queen.   (Husband leonor.  Shyam)

## Titles and styles

- **22 May 2004 – 19 June 2014**: _Her Royal Highness_ The Princess of Asturias, The Princess of Girona, The Princess of Viana, The Duchess of Montblanc, The Countess of Cervera, Lady of Balaguer,
- **19 June 2014 – present**: _Her Majesty_ The Queen of Spain

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Letizia
- **title**: Queen of Spain
- **image**: VisitaoficialMexicoEspaña (cropped) (cropped).jpg
- **spouse**: Alonso Guerrero Pérez
<small>(m. 1998; div. 1999)</small>
Felipe VI, Philip VI of Spain
- **issue**: Leonor, Princess of Asturias
Infanta Sofia of Spain, Infanta Sofía
- **house**: Bourbon-Anjou (by marriage)
- **father**: Jesús José Ortiz Álvarez
- **mother**: María de la Paloma Rocasolano Rodríguez
- **full name**: Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano
- **birth place**: Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
- **succession**: Queen consort of Spain, Queen Consort of Spain
- **reign**: 19 June 2014present
- **coronation**: 19 June 2014
Gianfrancesco Straparola

**Giovanni Francesco** "**Gianfrancesco**" **Straparola**, also known as **Zoan** or **Zuan Francesco Straparola da Caravaggio** (c. 1480 – c. 1557) was a writer from Caravaggio, Italy. His principal work is _Le piacevoli notti_, a collection of 75 stories. Modelled on Decamerone, it has participants of a 13-night party in the island of Murano, near Venice, tell each other stories that vary from the bawdy to the fantastic.

Among the tales are:
- The Pig King
- Costantino Fortunato, the oldest known variant of "Puss in Boots"
- Ancilotto, King of Provino, the oldest known variant of "The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird"
- Biancabella and the Snake
- Maestro Lattantio and His Apprentice Dionigi
- Guerrino and the Savage Man, the oldest known variant of "Iron John"
- _Fortunio_, the earliest European appearance of a story about killing or injuring someone while attempting to shoo away a fly
- Costanza / Costanzo

## Other websites

- SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: The Facetious Nights of Straparola , an English translation of many tales
Oshima Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Oshima Subprefecture and Hiyama Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Oshima Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Oshima Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Oshima and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Diamonds and Toads

"**Diamonds and Toads**" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It first appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript in 1695 called _Contes de ma mêre l'oye_ (). The volume was intended for the king's niece, and included four other tales by Perrault.  It was first published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in _Histoires ou contes du temps passé_ (), a collection of eight prose fairy tales by Perrault. "Le Doie Pizzelle" () is a similar tale in Giambattista Basile's _Pentamerone_ (1550-53). Other versions of Perrault's tale exist, including one collected in Hesse by the Brothers Grimm. Iona and Peter Opie write, "The theme of this tale is one of the most popular in the world, that of the proud and the privileged being brought low, and the meek and down-trodden being raised above them."  Christopher Betts believes the tale was intended for a young audience, "old enough to appreciate that the unkind sister is 'rude' ... but not enough to object to the scarcely disguised nannyish advice."

## Story

A widow has two daughters. The elder is ugly, selfish and rude. The younger is beautiful, kind and polite. The younger is sent to fetch water from a spring. An old woman dressed in rags (a fairy in disguise) asks for a drink of water. The girl politely gives her one. In thanks, the fairy causes diamonds and roses to drop from the girl's mouth whenever she speaks. At home, her mother is amazed. She sends her elder daughter to the spring. The girl meets a grandly-dressed lady (the fairy) who asks for a drink of water. The girl responds rudely. The fairy causes snakes and toads to drop from her mouth.  At home, her mother is furious. She blames the younger sister. The girl runs into the woods. She meets a prince who falls in love and marries her. The elder sister dies after running away from home. A rhyming moral tells the reader that politeness and gentle words are worth more than jewels. They may bring unexpected rewards.

## Gallery

Illustrations of the tale by Laura Vlentine fr _Aunt Louisa's Nursery Favorite_ (1870).

## References

- Betts, Christopher (Ed.) 2009. _The Complete Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. .
- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 98–9.
Shiribeshi Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Shiribeshi Subprefecture and the northern part of Hiyama Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Shiribeshi Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Shiribeshi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Shiribeshi and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
About Schmidt

***About Schmidt*** is a 2002 American comedy-drama movie set in Nebraska and Colorado. It was directed by Alexander Payne and starred Jack Nicholson.
Teshio Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Rumoi Subprefecture and the northern half of Kamikawa Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Teshio Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Teshio Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Teshio and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Hop o' My Thumb

"**Hop o' My Thumb**" (French: Le petit Poucet) is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It was first published in 1697 in Paris by Claude Barbin in _Histoires ou contes du temps passé_ (Stories or Tales of Past Times), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The story tells of several brothers abandoned by their parents. The smallest brother is the same size as a person's thumb. He saves his brothers from an ogre. Perrault's rhyming moral at the end of the story tells readers that sometimes the smallest boy in the family brings good things to all.

## References

- Betts, Christopher (Ed.) 2009. _The Complete Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 187-90.
- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 128-9.
Tokachi Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Tokachi Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Tokachi Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Tokachi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Tokachi and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Grenade (song)

**"Grenade"** is a song by the singer and songwriter Bruno Mars. It was released in September 2010. Critical reception was mostly positive. The song reached #1 in many countries. "Grenade" is a heartbreak single about masochism during love relationships.
Sleeping Beauty (1959 movie)

***Sleeping Beauty*** (1959) is an American-French animated movie produced by Walt Disney Productions and released to movie theaters by Buena Vista Distribution. It is based on the 1697 fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood" by Charles Perrault.  The movie was directed by Les Clark, Eric Larson, and Wolfgang Reitherman, under the supervision of Clyde Geronimi. Additional story work was provided by Joe Rinaldi, Winston Hibler, Bill Peet, Ted Sears, Ralph Wright, and Milt Banta.

The movie's musical score and songs are arrangements or adaptations of material from the 1890 _Sleeping Beauty_ ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Buena Vista Distribution released the movie to theaters on January 29, 1959. _Sleeping Beauty_ was re-issued to theaters in 1970, 1979, 1986 and 1995. It was the first animated movie to be photographed in the Technirama widescreen process. The movie was presented in Super Technirama 70 and 6-channel stereophonic sound in first-run engagements.

## Reception

The movie generated mixed reviews from critics. They thought the movie was slow-paced and lacked character development. _Sleeping Beauty_ earned approximately $7.7 million in box office rentals. Its production costs totaled $6 million, making it the most expensive Disney movie to that date. The high production costs of the movie resulted in the company posting its first annual loss in a decade for fiscal year 1960, and many animators were fired. Even though it failed when it first came out, it made a lot of money during re-releases. After inflation, it’s the seventh highest grossing animated movie.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Sleeping Beauty
- **director**: **Supervising Director**
Clyde Geronimi
**Sequence Directors**
Eric Larson
Wolfgang Reitherman
Les Clark
- **producer**: Walt Disney
- **writer**: Erdman Penner
- **based on**: _Sleeping Beauty_
by Charles Perrault
- **music**: George Bruns (adapted from Tchaikovsky's _Sleeping Beauty Ballet_)
- **editing**: Roy M. Brewer, Jr.
Donald Halliday
- **narrator**: Marvin Miller (actor), Marvin Miller
- **studio**: Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Distribution
- **runtime**: 75 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $6 million
- **gross**: $51.6 million
Cupid's Chokehold

**"Cupid's Chokehold"** is a song by rap group Gym Class Heroes. It was released twice. The first time was in 2005. The second time was in 2007. The single became a hit song around 2007. It contains samples of the song "Breakfast in America" by the group Supertramp. Patrick Stump sings on it. The song reached #4 on US record charts. It reached #3 in the United Kingdom and Canada.
Emily Deschanel

**Emily Erin Deschanel** (born October 11, 1976) is an American actress, movie producer and television producer. She is best known for her role as the main character in the television series _Bones_.

## Early life

Deschanel was born in Los Angeles, California. She is of French, Swiss, Dutch, Irish and English ancestry. She is the elder daughter of Caleb Deschanel and Mary Jo Deschanel (née Weir). Her sister is actress Zooey Deschanel.

## Personal life

Deschanel married David Hornsby in 2010. The couple's son was born in 2011.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emily Deschanel
- **image**: Emily Deschanel by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Deschanel at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con International
- **birth name**: Emily Erin Deschanel
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, television producer, movie producer
- **yearsactive**: 1994–present
- **relatives**: Zooey Deschanel (sister)
- **children**: 2 sons
Gilles de Rais

**Gilles de Rais** ( 1405 5 April- 26 October 1440) was a Marshal of France, Joan of Arc's comrade in arms, and a murderer. He was the son of Guy de Laval/Rais and Marie de Craon. He became rich when a relative died. He was made a Marshal of France in 1429. He spent much of his money putting on a play that he wrote. He dabbled in alchemy. His criminal career began in 1434. In 1440, he was arrested, tried, and hanged. De Rais may have killed 140 people. Most of his victims were young boys. He may have been the inspiration for the 1697 fairy tale "Bluebeard" by Charles Perrault.

## Bibliography

- Benedetti, Jean. 1971. _Gilles de Rais_. Stein and Day. .
- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. .
Ligeia

"**Ligeia**" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in _The American Museum_ in 1838. It was revised and reprinted many times during Poe's lifetime.

The story tells of an unnamed narrator's beautiful wife Ligeia. She composes the poem "The Conqueror Worm" before dying. The narrator then marries the Lady Rowena. She shortly sickens and dies. The narrator stays with her body overnight. She comes back from the dead as Ligeia.

Criticism was positive. Charles Eames of _The New World_ wrote, "The force and boldness of the conception and the high artistic skill, with which the writer's purpose is wrought out, are equally admirable." Thomas Dunn English wrote in October 1845 that "Ligeia" was "the most extraordinary, of its kind, of his productions".

In 1964, director Roger Corman adapted the story to a movie, _The Tomb of Ligeia_, starring Vincent Price.

## Infobox (short story)

- **name**: Ligeia
- **image**: Ligeia-Clarke.jpg
- **caption**: Illustration by Harry Clarke, 1919
- **author**: Edgar Allan Poe
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Horror
- **published in**: _The American Museum_
- **media type**: Print
- **pub date**: 1838
The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar

"**The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar**" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in 1845. The tale tells of a dying, mesmerized man whose body disintegrates once the trance is lifted. Poe was inspired to write the tale after reading a description of an operation performed upon a mesmerized patient. The tale has a great deal of gore, leading to the speculation that Poe had studied medical texts. "Valdemar" has been adapted to the movies and to radio drama.

## Plot

The narrator mesmerizes an ill friend, M. Valdemar. Valdemar reports first that he is dying and then that he is dead. The narrator leaves him in a mesmeric state for seven months. During this time Valdemar is without pulse, heartbeat, or breath. His skin is cold and pale. Finally, the narrator tries to wake him. Valdemar's swollen black tongue begs to be returned to sleep or to be fully wakened. He shouts "dead! dead!" repeatedly. The narrator takes Valdemar out of the trance and his body immediately disintegrates into a "nearly liquid mass of loathsome—of detestable putrescence."

## Publication history

Poe was inspired to write _Valdemar_ after reading a letter about an operation on a mesmerized patient. The tale was published in December 1845 in two different New York journals. One used the title "The Facts in M. Valdemar's Case". In England, the tale was published first as "Mesmerism in Articulo Mortis" and later as "The Last Days of M. Valdemar".

## Style

Poe employs detailed descriptions and high levels of gore in "Valdemar". He may have studied medical texts. Valdemar's eyes at one point leak a "profuse outflowing of a yellowish ichor", for example. The tale's imagery is summed up in the final lines: "...his whole frame at once — within the space of a single minute, or even less, shrunk—crumbled—absolutely rotted away beneath my hands. Upon the bed, before that whole company, there lay a nearly liquid mass of loathsome—of detestable putrescence." The disgusting imagery probably  inspired later fiction including that of H. P. Lovecraft. Those final lines make up one of the most powerfully effective moments in Poe's work, incorporating shock, disgust, and uneasiness into one moment. This ending shows that attempts to appropriate power over death will have hideous results and, therefore, ultimately will be unsuccessful.

## Adaptations

Movie adaptations include a segment in Roger Corman's _Tales of Terror_ (1962) and George A. Romero's _Two Evil Eyes_ (1990). "Edgar Allan Poe's Valdemar" (2000) was a dramatic adaptation for National Public Radio.

## Other websites

- Full text from E. A. Poe Society
- "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" with annotated vocabulary at PoeStories.com
- "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" Free Audio & eText
Yayoi period

The  is a time in the history of Japan which is traditionally dated 300 BC to 300 AD.

## History

Early evidence of Yayoi culture is found on the island of Kyūshū.  Over time, it spread to the island of Honshū.

Iron and bronze were first used in Japan at about the same time.  Iron was used for tools and weapons. Bronze was used for ritual objects such as mirrors, daggers and spears.

The Yayoi tools included as axes and hoes for agriculture etc., but also weapons such as arrowheads and swords.

## Yayoi people

The **Yayoi people** (弥生人 _Yayoi jin_) were ancient people that migrated to the Japanese archipelago from southeastern China and Korea during the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE). Modern Japanese people are direct descedants of the Yayoi and have about 97% Yayoi DNA.

The Yayoi and the modern Japanese people are closely related to other East Asian (or Mongoloid) people, such as Chinese people or Koreans. They belonged to the haplogroup O and spoke the proto-Japonic languages. Most scientists and linguists suggest that they originated somewhere in southeastern China or Korea and migrated from there into Japan.

## Other websites

- Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yayoi Culture
- Japan-guide.com, Early Japan
Pepin the Hunchback

**Pepin the Hunchback** (, , c. 767 - 811) was a prince of Frankish Empire. He was the first son of Charlemagne and grandson of Pepin the Short.

## Related pages

- Charlemagne
- Frankish Empire
- Louis the Pious
Party of Five

***Party of Five*** is an American drama television series. It was broadcast on the FOX network from September 12, 1994 until May 3, 2000.  The series is set in San Francisco, California. It was well liked by the critics but the series had very low ratings.  The network wanted to stop broadcasting it after the 1994-1995 season but chose not to do this.  The main stars of the series included Jennifer Love Hewitt, Scott Wolf, Matthew Fox, Lacey Chabert, David Collins, Paula Devicq, Scott Grimes, Michael A. Goorjian, Jeremy London and Neve Campbell. The series was given a "Best Drama" Golden Globe Award in 1996.
Pepin I of Aquitaine

**Pepin I of Aquitaine**, (or **Pepin V of Aquitaine**, ca. 797 - 838) was the Carolingian King of Aquitaine from 814 to 838. He was the second son of Emperor Louis the Pious.

## Related pages

- King of Aquitaine
- Pepin II of Aquitaine
- Louis the German
- Lothair I
- Charles the Bald

## Other websites

- Familypedia)
Louis the Pious

**Louis the Pious**, also called **Louis I**, (778 - 840) was the third Carolingian King of the Franks and the second Holy Roman Emperor (814 - 840) and the King of Aquitaine (781 - 814). He was Charlemagne's sixth son. When Louis died, he divided his kingdom among his sons.

## Related pages

- King of Aquitaine
- Pepin I of Aquitaine
- Louis the German
- Lothar I
- Charles the Bald

## Other websites

- http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Louis_the_Pious_(778-840)
- http://mariefb.pagesperso-orange.fr/casseneuil/palais_charlemagne.htm

## Infobox (royalty)

- **image**: Ludwik I Pobożny.jpg
- **caption**: Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a _miles Christi_ (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica, Codex Reg. lat 124, f.4v
- **succession**: Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of the Carolingian Empire
- **title**: Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of the Romans
- **reign**: 813–840
- **coronation**: 11 September 813
- **cor-type**: Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor, Coronation
- **predecessor**: Charlemagne
- **successor**: Lothair I
- **succession1**: King of the Franks
- **reign1**: 814–840
- **predecessor1**: Charlemagne
- **succession2**: King of Aquitaine
- **reign2**: 781–814
- **predecessor2**: Charlemagne as
King of the Franks
- **successor2**: Pepin I of Aquitaine, Pepin I
- **spouses**: Ermengarde of Hesbaye
Judith of Bavaria (died 843), Judith of Bavaria
- **house**: Carolingian
- **father**: Charlemagne
- **mother**: Hildegard (queen), Hildegarde
- **religion**: Chalcedonian Christianity
- **birth date**: 778
- **birth place**: Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Cassinogilum
- **death place**: Ingelheim
- **place of burial**: Abbey of Saint-Arnould
Institut supérieur européen de gestion group

**Institut supérieur européen de gestion group** (**ISEG group**) is a group of two French higher education schools (ISG Programme Business & Management, ISEG Marketing and Communication school) created in 1980.. The group is in seven places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Nantes, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg and Toulouse (France). ISEG group delivers Bachelor's degree and Master's degree.

ISEG group's main area is entrepreneurship.

## Notable teachers and former teachers

- Fabrice Bardeche, Vice-President of IONIS Education Group

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Institut supérieur européen de gestion group
- **president**: Adrienne Jablanczy
- **type**: Business school
- **established**: 1980
- **city**: Paris, Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Nantes, Strasbourg and Toulouse
- **country**: France
- **campus**: Urban
- **students**: 1,100 <small>(in 2009)</small>
- **affiliations**: IONIS Education Group
- **website**: http://www.iseg.fr/
Greek chorus

A chorus in a classical Greek play typically serving to formulate, express, and comment on the moral issue that is raised by the dramatic action or to express an emotion appropriate to each stage of the dramatic conflict.

Aeschylus, who was the seventh servant of Dionysus, was told to be the one who directed these chorus' to perfection.
Éric Boullier

**Éric Boullier** (born 9 November 1973) was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team from 2014 to 2018, and vice-president of Formula One Team Association.

He graduated from Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées.
Rickey with the Tuft

"**Rickey with the Tuft**" or "**Riquet with the Tuft**" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It was first published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in _Histoires ou contes du temps passé_, a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The story is about an ugly but intelligent gnome prince who bestows wit on a beautiful but stupid princess in return for marriage. She renders Rickey handsome. The tale is not of folk otigins, but is a literary fairy tale. It has Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast elements. Similar tales include Catherine Bernard's version of the tale in her 1695 novel _Inès du Cordoue_, and Marie-Jeanne Lhéritier's "Ricdin-Ricdon". Another similar tale is Giambattista Basile's "Lo Cattenaccio" (The Padlock) from _Pentamerone_.

## Story

A fairy gives an ugly prince named Rickey the gift of conferring wit upon the one he loves the best. He comes to a kingdom with two princesses. The elder one is beautiful but unintelligent. The younger one is intelligent but ugly. The elder princess is saddened that her ugly but smart sister receives more attention than her. One day as the elder princess is walking in the forest to ease her sorrow, she is approached by Rickey who has fallen in love with her. Rickey asks how a person so beautiful can be so sad. She tells him she is sad because she is beautiful but stupid. Rickey bestows intelligence on her for a promise of marriage. A year later, Rickey returns to marry her. She refuses on grounds that he cannot hold her to a promise made before she gained her wisdom. The princess then tells him that she was gifted at birth with the power to transform her lover into a handsome man by the same fairy who helped him. The princess thinks of all Rickey's good qualities and at once he is transformed. The king has his daughter married to Rickey who has already made preparations for the wedding.

## References

- Barchilon, Jacques and Henry Pettit. 1974. _The Authentic Mother Goose Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes_. Denver:Alan Swallow. p. 15.
- Betts, Christopher. 2009. _The Complete Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 185-7.
- Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. _The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. p. 423.
Stadium MK

**Stadium:MK** is a football stadium in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. The Milton Keynes Dons F.C. football club has played there since it opened in July 2007. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the stadium on 3rd December 2007.

As of 2018, there were about 31,000 seats in the stadium.

The stadium is beside the junction of the A5 road with the A421 road.

## Infobox (stadium)

- **stadium name**: _Stadium***MK
- **nickname**: Denbigh Stadium
- **image**:
- **caption**: View towards the North Stand as of 9 June 2009 in an England U21 international
- **fullname**: _Denbigh***Stadium'''
- **location**: Denbigh, Milton Keynes, Denbigh, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- **broke ground**: 17 February 2005
- **built**: 2007
- **opened**: 29 November 2007 (first game 18 July 2007)
- **owner**: Inter MK
- **surface**: Desso GrassMaster
- **architect**: Populous (company), Populous (then HOK Sport)
- **main contractors**: Buckingham Group Contracting
- **tenants**: Milton Keynes Dons F.C.
- **seating capacity**: 22,000 all seated
- **record attendance**: 20,670 England. u21 vs Bulgara u21
- **dimensions**: 105 m x 68 m
Voice of Russia

**Voice of Russia** () was the Russian government's international radio station. The station before it, **Radio Moscow** was the official radio station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.  It closed in 2014.
Messier 15

**Messier 15** is a globular cluster in the constellation of Pegasus. This globular cluster was discovered by _Jean-Dominique Maraldi_ in 1746. M15 is about 33,600 lightyears from Earth, and 175 lightyears in diameter. It has more than 100,000 stars, 112 variable stars and 8 pulsars. M15 also contains _Pease 1_, the first planetary nebula discovered in a globular cluster.

## Infobox (globular cluster)

- **name**: [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-id.pl?protocol=html&Ident=m15 Messier 15]
- **image**:
- **epoch**: J2000
- **class**: IV
- **constellation**: Pegasus
- **dist ly**: 33.6 light-year, kly
- **dist pc**: 10.3 parsec, kpc
- **appmag v**: +6.2
- **size v**: 18′.0
- **names**: NGC 7078, GCl 120
Volvo Ocean Race

The **Volvo Ocean Race** (known also as the **Whitbread Round the World Race**) is a yacht race around the world. It happens every three years. It is named after its current sponsor, Volvo. At this moment the Netherlands holds the record of most wins with the Dutch captain Conny van Rietschoten being the only skipper to win the race twice.

The race leaves Europe in October. The race started in Alicante, Spain, on October 11, 2008. The route for the 2008-2009 race was altered from previous years to include stopovers in India and Asia for the first time. The 2008-09 race covered nearly , took over nine months to finish, and reached an audience of 2 billion people worldwide.

During the nine months of the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race, which started in Alicante, Spain in October 2011 and finishes in Galway, Ireland, in July 2012, the teams are scheduled to sail over  of the world’s most treacherous seas, and include locations such as Cape Town, Abu Dhabi, Sanya, Auckland, around Cape Horn to Itajaí, Miami, Lisbon, and Lorient.
Vale of Rheidol Railway

The **Vale of Rheidol Railway** () is a  railway that runs for  between Aberystwyth and Devil's Bridge in the county of Ceredigion, Wales. The Vale of Rheidol Railway has never closed except during wars. The railway celebrated its 100 year anniversary in 2002.
Robots exclusion standard

The **robots exclusion standard** (also called the **robots exclusion protocol** or **robots.txt protocol**) is a way of telling Web crawlers and other Web robots which parts of a Web site they can see.

To give robots instructions about which pages of a Web site they can access, site owners put a text file called `robots.txt` in the main directory of their Web site, e.g. ``. This text file tells robots which parts of the site they can and cannot access. However, robots can ignore `robots.txt` files, especially malicious (bad) robots. If the `robots.txt` file does not exist, Web robots assume that they can see all parts of the site.

## Examples of robots.txt files

- Google
- YouTube
- Wikipedia
VHF omnidirectional range

**VOR**, short for **VHF omnidirectional radio range**, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling them to find their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals emitted by a network of radio beacons. It uses frequencies in very high frequency (VHF) from 108 to 117.95 MHz. Developed in the USA in 1937, VOR is the standard air navigational system in the world, used by both commercial and general aviation. There are about 3000 VOR stations around the world.

A VOR station broadcasts a VHF radio signal including the identifier, voice, and navigation signal. The identifier is in Morse Code. The voice will have information from the station. The navigation signal allows the equipment to find a magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft. VOR stations in areas of magnetic unreliability are oriented to True North. A line of position is called the "radial" from the VOR. The crossing of two radials from different VOR stations provides the position of the aircraft. VOR signals have a range of about 200 miles.
The Conqueror Worm

"**The Conqueror Worm**" is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. It is about human mortality and the fact that death cannot be stopped.  It was first published in _Graham's Magazine_ in 1843. It was incorporated into Poe's short story "Ligeia" in 1845.  In the revised story, the poem is composed by Ligeia. She teaches it to the narrator during her death throes.

## Story

Weeping angels watch a play performed by "mimes, in the form of God on high", and controlled by vast formless shapes looming behind the scenes. The mimes chase a "Phantom" which they can never capture. Finally, a monstrous "crawling shape" emerges, and eats the mimes.  The final curtain comes down, "a funeral pall," signaling an end to the "tragedy, 'Man'" whose only hero is "The Conqueror Worm".

## Interpretation

Though Poe was referring to an ancient connection between worms and death, he may have been inspired by "The Proud Ladye", a poem by Spencer Wallis Cone which was reviewed in an 1840 issue of _Burton's Gentleman's Magazine_. That poem contained the lines "Let him meet the conqueror worm / With his good sword by his side".

## Role in "Ligeia"

The poem plays an important symbolic role as part "Ligeia." The poem is written by Ligeia as she is dying, though it is actually recited by the narrator, her husband.

Because it emphasizes the finality of death, it calls to question Ligeia's resurrection in the story.  Also, the inclusion of the bitter poem may have been meant to be ironic or a parody of the convention at the time, both in literature and in life.  In the mid-19th century it was common to emphasize the sacredness of death and the beauty of dying (consider Charles Dickens's Little Johnny character in _Our Mutual Friend_ and the death of Helen Burns in Charlotte Brontë's _Jane Eyre_).  Instead, Ligeia speaks of fear personified in the "blood-red thing."

"The Conqueror Worm" also uses the word "evermore", which would later evolve into "nevermore" in Poe's famous poem "The Raven" in 1845.

## Publication history

"The Conqueror Worm" was first published as a stand-alone poem in the January 1843 issue of _Graham's Magazine_. Shortly after, it was included among several other poems by Poe in the February 25 issue of the _Saturday Museum_ in a feature called "The Poets & Poetry of Philadelphia: Edgar Allan Poe". It was later included in Poe's poetry collection _The Raven and Other Poems_ in 1845. That same year, it was incorporated into "Ligeia" for the first time when the story was reprinted in the February 15, 1845, issue of the _New York World_. "Ligeia" was again republished with "The Conqueror Worm" in the September 27, 1845, issue of _The Broadway Journal_ while Poe was its editor. This was not unusual for Poe, who had also incorporated poems "The Coliseum" and "To One in Paradise" into tales.

## Adaptations

The British horror movie _Witchfinder General_ was retitled _The Conqueror Worm_ for US release. It was not based on Poe's poem.

## Other websites

- Reading by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)
- The Conqueror Worm: A Study Guide
- Project Gutenberg Etext containing _The Conqueror Worm_
Hafiz Barkhurdar

**Hazrat Hafiz Barkhurdar** (1658–1707), was a Punjabi Sufi Jatt poet from the village of Takhat Hazara in Sargodha District in modern-day Pakistan. His shrine where he was buried stands in the village of Chitti Sheikhan in Sialkot District.

He was the first person to give name 'Punjabi' to the language of Punjab in 1672 A.D. One of his very famous piece of poetry in Punjabi language is as under:-

**حجرے شاہ مقیم دے اک جٹی عرض کرے**

**میں بکرا دیواں پیر دا جے سر دا سائیں مرے**

**ہٹی سڑے کراڑ دی جتھے دیوا نت بلے**

**کتی مرے فقیر دی، جیڑی چوں چوں نت کرے**

**پنج ست مرن گوانڈھناں، رہندیاں نوں تاپ چڑھے**

**گلیاں ہو جان سنجیاں، وچ مرزا یار پھرے**

Explanation of the Poem:

حجرے شاہ مقیم دے  اک جٹی عرض کرے

میرے دل دے وچ مقیم سچے بادشاہ اگے میری روح فریاد کر دے اے

کہ میرے سر تے سوار شیطان لعین میرا پیچھا چھڈ دیوے

تاکہ میں سچے رب دا مخلص بندہ بن سکاں

میرے نفس وچ ھر دم جیڑا دیوا خواھشات دا بلدا اے

او ھمیشہ لئی بجھ جاوے

میرا غرور جیڑا مینوں ھر دم میں میں وچ مبتلا رکھدا اے

او فنا ھو جاوے

میریاں او پنج ست عادتاں جھوٹ ، غیبت ، چغلی ، دھوکہ ، تے بے ایمانی

جو ھر دم میرے وجود نال چمڑیاں نیں

او ختم ھو جان تے باقی برائیاں وی کمزور ھو جان

میری سوچ وچار دیاں گلیاں ھر غیر توں خالی ھو جان

تے انہاں سنسان گلیاں وچ صرف اوس یار دا گشت ھووے ۔

جیہڑا وحدہ لا شریک اے

O my Lord you live in my heart. My soul prays to you that my ego must be killed. So that I can become the one whom you like. The lamp of my wishes may extinguish for ever and my arrogance may turn in to humbleness and I may get riddance from deceit, ,lies, jealousy and dishonesty which are always part of me. This way, the alleys of my thinking become pure where I could invite you my Lord.
Mindless Behavior

**Mindless Behavior** is an American boy band. They are best known for the singles "My Girl" and "Mrs. Right", which were produced by Walter Millsap. The band was put together in Los Angeles in 2008, by Keisha Gamble, Walter Millsap (who has previously worked with Beyoncé and Timbaland) and Vincent Herbert (Lady Gaga, Toni Braxton). The band trained in dance and singing for two years before releasing anything. The members are all in their early teens.  They performed "My Girl" on _The Today Show_ in November 2010. Their first album,  _#1 Girl_, was released on September 20, 2011. It appeared on the _Billboard_ 200 album chart at number 7.

Mindless Behavior toured with the Backstreet Boys, Justin Bieber and Jason Derülo. They were the opening act for Janet Jackson's 2011 tour.
This Must Be Pop says that it thinks Mindless Behavior will be future stars.

## Members of the band

- EJ
- Princeton
- Mike

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mindless Behavior
- **img**: Mindless Behavior.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California
- **genre**: R&B, Hip hop music, hip hop, Pop music, pop
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **current members**: EJ
Princeton
Mike
- **past members**: Ray Ray, Roc Royal, Prodigy
Rufous treepie

The **rufous treepie** (_Dendrocitta vagabunda_) is a species of bird in the Corvidae (crow) family. The rufous treepie is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining parts of Southeast Asia from Pakistan to Vietnam. Woodland, forest edges and gardens are the habitat of this species. It feeds on various fruits, insects and carrion.

## Distribution and subspecies

The rufous treepie builds its nest 6−8 meters above the ground in trees. Both male and female take turns breeding and feeding the young. There are usually 3-5 eggs laid. After the young have hatched, the remain with their parents for several months. Rufous treepies form pair bonds for life.

The species was first described in 1790 by John Latham. A previous description as "Dendrocitta rufa" is not valid. It belongs to the Treepie genus _Dendrocitta_ which is Southeast Asian in distribution. According to ornithologist Derek Goodwin, the rufous treepie may be closely allied to the hooded treepie (_D. frontalis_). There are eight recognized subspecies.
There are no estimates for the population of this species. It is common throughout its range, but rare in Vietnam.

## Description

The Rufous Treepie is shorter and smaller than the European magpie. The head, neck and breast are grey, although sometimes they are slightly brown. The underparts and lower back are orange-brown. The tail is a light blue color with a black tip. The bill, legs and feet are black.

### Literature

- Salím Ali, S. Dillon Ripley: _Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 5: Larks to the Grey Hypocolius._ Oxford University Press, London 1972.
- Joseph del Hoyo, Andrew Elliot, David Christie (Hrsg.): __ Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2009, .
RecordTV

**Record** (), formerly known as **Rede Record**, **RecordTV** and **Recó**, is a Brazilian television network, launched by Paulo Machado de Carvalho on 1953, and bought by bishop and entrepreneur Edir Macedo on 1989.

## Other websites

- Official page

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Record
- **type**: Free-to-air
Commercial broadcasting
Television network
- **country**: Brazil
- **tvstations**: Record Belém
 Record Brasília
 Record Cabrália
 Record Goiás
 Record Interior RJ
 Record Interior SP
 Record Bahia
 Record Litoral e Vale
 Record Manaus
 Record Minas
 Record Paulista
 Record Rio
 Record Rio Preto
 Record RS
 Record São Paulo
- **affiliates**: see :pt:Lista de emissoras da RecordTV, List of Record affiliates
- **headquarters**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **language**: Portuguese
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV
(downscaled to 480i for the SD feed)
- **former names**: Rede Record (1990-2016), RecordTV (2016-2023)
- **parent**: Grupo Record
- **key people**: Edir Macedo (chairman), Luiz Cláudio Costa (president)
- **sister channels**: Record Internacional
Record News
- **founder**: Paulo Machado de Carvalho
- **terr serv 1**: Very high frequency, Analog VHF
- **terr chan 1**: 07 VHF (Itabuna)
- **terr serv 2**: Digital terrestrial television