juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
California Golden Seals

The **California Golden Seals** were an ice hockey team in the NHL that played from 1966 to 1976. The Golden Seals entered the league at the start of the 1966-67 NHL season as the Oakland Seals. In the 1970-71 season, the team was renamed to the California Golden Seals. Due to poor attendance, the Golden Seals' owners moved to the team to Cleveland, where they became known as the Barons.
Tom Barrasso

**Thomas Patrick Barrasso** (born March 31, 1965) is an American retired ice hockey goaltender. He played a career total of 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Buffalo Sabres, Pittsburgh Penguins, Ottawa Senators, Carolina Hurricanes, Toronto Maple Leafs and the St. Louis Blues. During his first season, Barrasso won both the Calder Memorial Trophy, for best rookie, as well as the Vezina Trophy for best goaltender. Barrasso also won the Stanley Cup twice, both times with the Penguins, in 1991 and 1992. Barrasso retired in 2003.

## Other websites

- Tom Barrasso's profile at Hockeydraftcentral.com

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Tom Barrasso.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **played for**: ***National Hockey League, NHL***
 Buffalo Sabres
 Pittsburgh Penguins
 Ottawa Senators
 Carolina Hurricanes
 Toronto Maple Leafs
 St. Louis Blues
***American Hockey League, AHL***
 Rochester Americans
- **catches**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 210
- **ntl team**: United States
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, MA, United States, USA
- **draft**: 5th overall
- **draft year**: 1983
- **draft team**: Buffalo Sabres
- **career start**: 1983
- **career end**: 2003
Atlanta Flames

The **Atlanta Flames** were an ice hockey team in the NHL from Atlanta, Georgia, USA from 1972 to 1980. The team was moved to Calgary, Alberta, Canada for the start of the 1980–81 NHL season and were renamed the Calgary Flames. The team was named after the burning of Atlanta, led by U.S. Army general William Sherman during the American Civil War.
Afroasiatic languages

**Afroasiatic** (**Afro-Asiatic**), also called **Afrasian** or **Hamito-Semitic** or **Semito-Hamitic**, is a large language family. They are mainly spoken in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and parts of the Sahel. There are around 300 Afroasiatic languages that are still spoken. About 495 million people speak an Afroasiatic language as their first language. There are six branches of the language family: Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Omotic and Semitic. The most spoken language is Arabic, a Semitic language. It has around 313 million native speakers.

The name "Semito-Hamitic" comes from Shem and Ham, two sons of Noah in Genesis.

## Infobox (language family)

- **name**: Afroasiatic
- **region**: Malta, Horn of Africa, North Africa, Sahel, West Asia
- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **family**: One of the world's primary Language family, language families
- **protoname**: Proto-Afroasiatic language, Proto-Afroasiatic
- **child1**: Berber languages, Berber
- **child2**: Chadic languages, Chadic
- **child3**: Cushitic languages, Cushitic
- **child4**: _Egyptian language, Egyptian_
- **child5**: Omotic languages, Omotic
- **child6**: Semitic languages, Semitic
- **iso2**: afa
- **iso5**: afa
- **glotto**: afro1255
- **glottorefname**: Afro-Asiatic
- **map**: Detailed Afroasiatic map.svg
- **mapcaption**: Distribution of the Afro-Asiatic languages
St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda

**St. John's** is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda, an island nation in the Lesser Antilles. St. John's is located on the island of Antigua.

## References

Hammand World Atlas Corporation, _Hammond World Atlas, Fifth Edition_, 2007, p. 208

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: St. John's
- **image skyline**: Stjohnsstreetantigua.jpg
- **image caption**: Newgate Street in St. John's
- **map caption**: Location of St. John's in Antigua and Barbuda
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Antigua and Barbuda
- **subdivision type1**: Island
- **subdivision name1**: Antigua
- **established title**: Colonised
- **established date**: 1632
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10
- **area total sq mi**: 4
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 31000
- **population density km2**: 3100
- **timezone**: AST
- **utc offset**: -4
- **blank name**: Emergency Numbers
- **blank info**: Police/Ambulance: 911
Fire: 462 0044
Air/Sea Rescuse: 462 3062
Police HQ: 462 0125
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

The **University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign** (**UIUC**) is a university in the state of Illinois, United States. It is the oldest and largest campus in the University of Illinois system.

The university has 18 Colleges that offer more than 150 programs of study. It is a selective state schools in the United States. Many of its popular undergraduate and graduate programs are ranked high in the US.

## History

The university was established in 1867. It opened for classes on March 2, 1868 with only two faculty members and a small group of students. In 1982, the name of the university was changed from the University of Illinois to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

## Colleges and schools

The university has the following colleges and schools:
- College of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences
- College of Applied Health Sciences
- Institute of Aviation
- College of Business
- College of Education
- College of Engineering
- College of Fine and Applied Arts
- Graduate College
- Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations
- College of Law
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
- Graduate School of Library and Information Science
- College of Media
- College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign
- School of Social Work
- College of Veterinary Medicine

## Notable alumni and faculty

Notable people associated with the university have been successful in fields such as science, business, and politics. The university has produced many Nobel Prize winners.

John Bardeen, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972, worked on the faculty of the university from 1951 to 1991.
Roger Ebert, who became the first movie critic to win a Pulitzer Prize.

## Other websites

- Official Website
Bambi, a Life in the Woods

***Bambi, a Life in the Woods*** () is a novel by Austrian author Felix Salten. It was published in 1923. The story is about a Roe Deer and his life as he grows up.

## Adaptations

The book was made into a film called _Bambi_ by Walt Disney Productions. The film is famous and received a midquel titled _Bambi II_ in 2006. In the Disney films, Bambi was made a White-tailed deer. Scott Jeffrey Has Also A Forthcoming Horror Film Titled _Bambi: The Reckoning_, Which Will Serve As A Horror Reimagining of the novel.

## Other websites

- Bambi, the Austrian deer , article by Paul A. Schons published in _Kulturecke_ by the Germanic-American Institute, September, 2000

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Bambi, A Life in the Woods
- **title orig**: Bambi: Eine Lebens­geschichte aus dem Walde
- **translator**: Whittaker Chambers
- **image**: Bambi book cover.jpg
- **image caption**: Bambi book cover
- **author**: Felix Salten
- **country**: Germany
- **language**: German
- **publisher**: Simon and Schuster
- **pub date**: 1923
- **english pub date**: 1928
- **followed by**: Bambi's Children
African penguin

The **African penguin** (_Spheniscus demersus_), also known as the **Black-footed** or **Jackass penguin**), is found on the south-western coast of Africa. It lives in colonies on 24 islands between Namibia and Algoa Bay, near Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The largest colony on Dyer Island, near Kleinbaai. Two colonies were established by penguins in the 1980s on the mainland near Cape Town at Boulders Beach near Simon's Town and Stony Point in Betty's Bay. Mainland colonies probably only became possible in recent times due to fewer predators, although the Betty's Bay colony has been attacked by  leopards. The only other mainland colony is in Namibia, but it is not known when this was established.

The African penguin may live up to 20 years. It grows up to 65 cm tall and weighs up to 3 kg. They eat fish, crabs and squids. The breeding time is 38 days.

Boulders Beach is a tourist attraction, for the beach, swimming and the penguins. The penguins will allow people to approach them as close as a meter (three ft).

The closest relatives of the African Penguins are the Humboldt and Magellanic penguins found in southern South America and the Galápagos Penguin found in the Pacific Ocean near the equator.
United States Department of the Treasury

The **United States Department of the Treasury** is a Cabinet department and the treasury of the United States government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue.  The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton. He almost single-handedly worked out the nation's early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washington's administration as well.  His statue still stands outside the Treasury building.

## Other websites

- United States Department of the Treasury website
- Department Of The Treasury Meeting Notices and Rule Changes  from The Federal Register RSS Feed

## References

- "Enough Wise Men, The Story of Our Constitution" by Forrest McDonald -- Published by the Dominion of Canada and by Longmans Canada Limited, Toronto 1970

## Infobox (govt agency)

- **agency name**: Department of the Treasury
- **seal**: US-DeptOfTheTreasury-Seal.svg
- **seal width**: 140 px
- **seal caption**: Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury, Treasury Seal
- **formed**: September 2, 1789
- **preceding1**: Board of Treasury
- **jurisdiction**: Federal government of the United States
- **headquarters**: 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, D.C.
- **employees**: 115,897 (2007)
- **budget**: $11.10 billion (2007)
- **chief1 name**: Scott Bessent
- **chief1 position**: United States Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary
- **chief2 name**: TBD
- **chief2 position**: Deputy Secretary
- **chief3 name**: Rosa Gumataotao Rios
- **chief3 position**: Treasurer of the United States, Treasurer
- **child1 agency**: Internal Revenue Service
- **child2 agency**: United States Mint
- **child3 agency**: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
- **child4 agency**: Template:US Treasury agencies, Several others
- **website**: [http://www.ustreas.gov/ www.ustreas.gov]
Loose (album)

***Loose*** is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released on 9 June 2006. It is her most successful album, selling more than 8 million copies worldwide. The hip-hop producer Timbaland helped Furtado recording this CD. It featured many hits including the U.S. number-one singles  "Promiscuous" and "Say It Right" and the European hit "All Good Things (Come to an End)".

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Nelly Furtado, except "Promiscuous" (lyrics written by Tim "Attitude" Clayton, Furtado and Tim Mosley) and "Maneater" (lyrics written by Furtado with additional lyrics by Jim Beanz).

- Notes
- <sup></sup> signifies a vocal producer

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Loose
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Nelly Furtado
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2005–06
- **prev title**: Folklore (Nelly Furtado album), Folklore
(2003)
- **next title**: Loose: The Concert
(2007)
All Good Things (Come to an End)

"**All Good Things (Come to an End)**" is a pop song by the Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released at the end of 2006. It hit number-one in the European charts.
Puklice

**Puklice** is a village in the Jihlava District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 760 people live there. It covers 10,92 km². Puklice was first documented in 1318.
Gump Worsley

**Lorne John "Gump" Worsley** (May 14, 1929 in Montreal, Quebec – January 26, 2007 in Beloeil, Quebec) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Born and raised in Montreal, he was given his nickname due to friends deciding he looked like comic-strip character Andy Gump. He died of a heart attack.

## Achievements

- Stanley Cup Champion 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969(with Montreal)
- Won the Vezina Trophy in 1966 and 1968.
- Named to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1968.
- Named to the NHL Second All-Star Team in 1966.
- Played in the All-Star Game in 1961, 1962, 1965 and 1972.
- Owns the record for the most career losses in the NHL with 352.
- Currently 7th in all time games played, 15th in career wins and 24th in shutouts.

## References

- _They Call Me Gump_ by Lorne "Gump" Worsley with Tim Moriarty
- _The Trail of the Stanley Cup_, Volume 3 by Charles L. Coleman
- _The Complete Encyclopedia of Hockey_ edited by Zander Hollander
- Hockey Hall of Fame Obituary

## Other websites

- Subject of The Weakerthans song, Elegy for Gump Worsley 

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: 1962 Topps Gump Worsley.png
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Beloeil, Quebec, Beloeil, QC, CAN
- **caught**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 7
- **weight lb**: 155
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Montreal Canadiens
Minnesota North Stars
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **career start**: 1952
- **career end**: 1974
- **halloffame**: 1980
Michel Larocque

**Michel 'Bunny' Larocque** (April 6, 1952 - July 29, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, and St. Louis Blues in the National Hockey League.

## Playing career

Larocque would help win four Vezina Trophies. During that time, the trophy was given to the main goaltenders on the team allowing the fewest goals in the regular season.  The first three were mostly because of the all-star play of Ken Dryden.  The final trophy was with Denis Herron and Richard Sevigny in 1981.  He would win four Stanley Cups with Montreal in 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1970–71|Ottawa 67's|OHA|56|—|—|—|3345|189|5|3.39|—|
|1971–72|Ottawa 67's|OHA|55|—|—|—|3287|189|4|3.45|—|
|1972-73|Nova Scotia Voyageurs|AHL|47|—|—|—|2705|113|1|2.50|—|
|1973–74|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|27|15|8|2|1431|69|0|2.89|—|
|1974–75|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|25|17|5|3|1480|74|3|3.00|—|
|1975–76|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|22|16|1|3|1220|50|2|2.46|—|
|1976–77|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|26|19|2|4|1525|53|4|2.09|—|
|1977–78|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|30|22|3|4|1729|77|1|2.67|—|
|1978–79|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|34|22|7|4|1986|94|3|2.84|—|
|1979–80|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|39|17|13|8|2259|125|3|3.32|—|
|1980–81|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|28|16|9|3|1623|82|1|3.03|—|
|1980–81|Toronto Maple Leafs|NHL|8|3|3|2|460|40|0|5.22|—|
|1981–82|Toronto Maple Leafs|NHL|50|10|24|8|2647|207|0|4.69|—|
|1982–83|Toronto Maple Leafs|NHL|16|3|8|3|835|68|0|4.89|—|
|1982–83|Philadelphia Flyers|NHL|2|0|1|1|120|8|0|4.00|—|
|1983-84|Springfield Indians|AHL|5|5|3|2|301|21|0|4.18|—|
|1983–84|St. Louis Blues|NHL|5|0|5|0|300|31|0|6.20|—|
|1984-85|Peoria Rivermen|AHL|13|7|3|3|786|41|0|3.13|—|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 185
- **played for**: Montreal Canadiens
Toronto Maple Leafs
Philadelphia Flyers
St. Louis Blues
- **birth place**: Hull, Quebec, Hull, Quebec, PQ, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Hull, Quebec, Hull, Quebec, PQ, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1972
- **career end**: 1985
- **draft**: 6th overall
- **draft year**: 1972
- **draft team**: Montreal Canadiens
Lorne Chabot

**Laurent Edward Chabot** (October 5, 1900 – October 10, 1946) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender. Lorne played in the National Hockey League from 1926 to 1937. During this time, he played for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Maroons, and New York Americans. Lorne won the 1935 Vezina Trophy for the being the league's best goaltender. He was the first hockey player to appear on the cover of Time Magazine.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Lorne chabot time magazine.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 185
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Toronto Maple Leafs
Montreal Canadiens
Chicago Black Hawks
Montreal Maroons
New York Americans
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **career start**: 1926
- **career end**: 1937
Normie Smith

**Norman "Normie" Smith** (March 18, 1908 in Toronto – February 2, 1988) was a Vezina-winning goaltender for the Detroit Red Wings. Smith did not let in a goal by the Montreal Maroons in the NHL's longest game, a 176-minute, 30-second game, on way to a Stanley Cup championship in 1936. After suffering an arm injury, his quality of play dropped in 1937–38 and the Red Wings finished last. During a game in 1939, he did not show up, causing problems with Jack Adams. Normie Smith retired rather than report to the minor leagues. He returned to play briefly with the Detroit Red Wings when World War II left a vacuum of players in the NHL.

## Other websites

- Normie Smith biography
Dave Kerr

**David Alexander Kerr** (January 11, 1910 in Toronto, Ontario – May 11, 1978) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 427 games in total, 327 of them with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Playing career

He played amateur hockey before joining the NHL, winning the Allan Cup in 1930 with the Montreal AAA senior men's team. The next season was his first in the NHL, playing for the Montreal Maroons. The next season, he played in the IHL and after that played two more for the Maroons.

On December 14, 1934, Kerr was acquired by the Rangers. It is with the Rangers where he is most notable for playing. He played six seasons for them, becoming the Rangers' first regular goalie. He led New York to a Stanley Cup victory in 1940. That year, because of his 1.54 GAA and eight shutouts, he was a First Team All-Star and won the Vezina Trophy. He was also a second team All-Star in 1938.

## References

- http://www.newyorkrangers.com/tradition/alumnispotlight.asp?Alumni=Kerr
Johnny Mowers

**Johnny Mowers** (October 29, 1916 in Niagara Falls, Ontario - December 7, 1995) was an ice hockey goaltender who played for the Detroit Red Wings, winning the Vezina Trophy in 1943. Born in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Mowers played goal for the Red Wings on their way to the Stanley Cup in 1943, shutting out the Boston Bruins twice in the four games.
Harry Lumley

**Harry "Apple Cheeks" Lumley** (November 11, 1926 – September 13, 1998) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender in the National Hockey League.

Born in Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada, Lumley starred for several years with the Owen Sound Mercurys and later with the Owen Sound Orphans and then the Barrie Colts. He also played with the Indianapolis Capitals of the American Hockey League, a minor league team of the Detroit Red Wings. Lumley made his professional start in the National Hockey League, however, with the New York Rangers in the 1943–44 season, when he was loaned to the Rangers for a single game. He was the youngest goaltender to play in the NHL, as he was 17 years old.

## Awards and achievements

- Stanley Cup Championship (1950)
- NHL First All-Star Team Goalie (1954 & 1955)
- Vezina Trophy Winner (1954)
- Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1980

## Other websites

- Picture of Harry Lumley's Name on the 1950 Stanley Cup Plaque
- Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Goaltender
- **birth place**: Owen Sound, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **caught**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 195
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Detroit Red Wings
New York Rangers
Toronto Maple Leafs
- **career start**: 1943
- **career end**: 1961
- **halloffame**: 1980
Denis DeJordy

**Joseph Denis Emile DeJordy** (born November 15, 1938, in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada), is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.  He played goal for four NHL teams, most notably the Chicago Black Hawks.

## Playing career

Denis DeJordy was a goaltender with the Chicago Black Hawks, Los Angeles Kings, Montreal Canadiens and Detroit Red Wings over 12 seasons in the National Hockey League.  He shared the Vezina Trophy with Glenn Hall in 1967.  During the 1966 – 1967 season he played 44 games, posting a 2.46 Goals Against Average.

## Awards

- 1959 OHA-Jr. First All-Star Team
- 1959–60 Best Rookie - Sault Thunderbirds (EPHL)
- 1961 Stanley Cup Championship  (Chicago)
- 1962–63 Les Cunningham Award - Buffalo Bisons (AHL)
- 1962–63 Harry (Hap) Holmes Memorial Award - Buffalo Bisons (fewest goals against)(AHL)
- 1963 AHL First All-Star Team
- 1966 CPHL First All-Star Team
- 1966–67 Vezina Trophy - Chicago Black Hawks (shared with Glenn Hall) (NHL)
- 1974 AHL Second All-Star Team

## References

- Detroit Red Wings Facts Book 1973–74
- Denis DeJordy's Name on the 1961 Stanley Cup

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: 1962 Topps Denis DeJordy.jpg
- **position**: Goaltender
- **birth place**: Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **caught**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lb**: 175
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Los Angeles Kings
Montreal Canadiens
Detroit Red Wings
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **career start**: 1959
- **career end**: 1974
Carl von Clausewitz

**Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz** () (July 1, 1782 in Burg bei Magdeburg  – November 16, 1831 in Breslau) was a Prussian general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. He joined the Russian Army to fight against the French invasion of Russia. Later, he wrote about war, army and the military science.

He wrote the book _On War_, in which he said that "War is the continuation of politics by other means." In his book, _On War_, Clausewitz wrote how to win a war, how to build an army, and what war is.  He did not think war was an art or a science.  Instead, war was about people, money, and land.

## Related pages

- Niccolo Machiavelli
- Sun Tzu

## Other websites

- Clausewitz homepage , much information about him.
- Paul Roques, Le général de Clausewitz. Sa vie et sa théorie de la guerre, Paris, Editions Astrée, 2013.  http://www.editions-astree.fr/BC/Bon_de_commande_Roques.pdf

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz
- **lived**: July 1, 1782–November 16, 1831
- **placeofbirth**: Burg bei Magdeburg, Prussia
- **placeofdeath**: Breslau
- **image**: Clausewitz.jpg
- **caption**: Carl von Clausewitz in Prussian service, painting by Karl Wilhelm Wach
- **allegiance**: Prussia
- **serviceyears**: 1792–1831
- **rank**: Major-General
Rogatien Vachon

**Rogatien "Rogie"  Vachon** (born September 8, 1945 in Palmarolle, Quebec) was a French-Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Los Angeles Kings, Detroit Red Wings, and Boston Bruins in the National Hockey League.

Vachon shared the 1968 Vezina Trophy with Gump Worsley while with the Canadiens, along with three Stanley Cups. In 1971, Vachon was traded to the Kings, where he achieved his greatest individual success.  He was added to the NHL's second all-star team in 1975 and 1977.

## Achievements

- Stanley Cup Champion 1968, 1969, 1971 (with Montreal)
- Canada Cup Champion 1976
Polk County, Florida

**Polk County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, 725,046 people lived there. The county seat is Bartow, Florida. Its largest city is Lakeland.  The center of population of Florida is in the town of Lake Wales.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Polk County
- **state**: Florida
- **ex image**: Bartow crths new01.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Polk County courthouse in Bartow
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **flag**: Flag of Polk County, Florida.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Polk County, Florida.svg
- **logo**: Logo of Polk County, Florida.svg
- **seal size**: 100px
- **founded year**: 1861
- **founded date**: February 8
- **seat wl**: Bartow
- **largest city wl**: Lakeland
- **area codes**: 863
- **area total sq mi**: 2011
- **area land sq mi**: 1798
- **area water sq mi**: 213
- **area percentage**: 10.6
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 725,046
- **density sq mi**: 403
- **web**: www.polk-county.net
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **named for**: James K. Polk
Georgetown University

**Georgetown University** is a Catholic university in Washington, D.C.  It was started in 1789 by the Jesuit priest John Carroll. It is the oldest Catholic university in the United States of America. In the 19th century, the university sold more than 300 slaves in order to pay for its expansion.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Georgetown University
- **image**: Georgetown University Seal.svg
- **image alt**: A vertical oval-shaped black and white design with a bald eagle whose wings are spread and who is grasping a globe and a cross with its claws. Around the seal are leaves and the numbers 17 and 89 appear on either side.
- **motto**: _Utraque Unum_ ()
- **mottoeng**: Both into One
- **established**: January 23, 1789
- **type**: Private university, Private nonprofit university
- **religious affiliation**: Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic (Society of Jesus, Jesuit)
- **endowment**: $1.661 billion (2017)
- **chairman**: William Doyle (businessman), William Doyle
- **president**: John J. DeGioia
- **provost**: Robert Groves
- **academic staff**: Total: 2,173
(1,291 full-time / 882 part-time)
- **administrative staff**: 1,500
- **students**: 17,849
- **undergrad**: 7,636
- **postgrad**: 10,213
- **city**: Washington, D.C.
- **country**: U.S.
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **former names**: Georgetown College (Georgetown University), Georgetown College (1789–1814)
- **free label**: College yell
- **free**: _Hoya Saxa_
- **colors**: Blue, gray

- **sports**: 23 varsity sports teams
<small>11 men's and 12 women's</small>
- **nickname**: Georgetown Hoyas, Hoyas
- **mascot**: Jack the Bulldog
- **sporting affiliations**: National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA Division I (NCAA), Division I – Big East Conference, Big East
Patriot League <small>(American football, football)</small>
Middle Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association, MAISA; Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges, EARC
- **logo**: Georgetown University Logotype.svg
DC

**DC** can mean many things:

- DC Comics, who make comic books about Superman, Batman, and others
- Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States of America
- Dubai City, to distinguish it from the emirate
- Direct current, a type of electricity
Jack Adams Award

The **Jack Adams Award** is awarded annually to the National Hockey League coach "adjudged to have contributed the most to his team's success." It has been awarded 33 times to 28 different winners. The winner is selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association at the end of the regular season. Many coaches have won the award numerous times. Pat Burns has won three times, the most of any coach.

## Winners

|scope="col"|Season|scope="col"|Winner|scope="col"|Team|scope="col"|Win #|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Philadelphia Flyers|1|||||
|||Los Angeles Kings|1|||||
|||Boston Bruins|1|||||
|||Montreal Canadiens|1|||||
|||Detroit Red Wings|1|||||
|||New York Islanders|1|||||
|||Philadelphia Flyers|1|||||
|||St. Louis Blues|1|||||
|||Winnipeg Jets|1|||||
|||Chicago Black Hawks|1|||||
|||Washington Capitals|1|||||
|||Philadelphia Flyers|1|||||
|||Edmonton Oilers|1|||||
|||Detroit Red Wings|1|||||
||Jacques Demers|Detroit Red Wings|2|||||
|||Montreal Canadiens|1|||||
|||Winnipeg Jets|1|||||
|||St. Louis Blues|1|||||
||Pat Quinn|Vancouver Canucks|2|||||
||Pat Burns|Toronto Maple Leafs|2|||||
|||New Jersey Devils|1|||||
|||Quebec Nordiques|1|||||
||Scotty Bowman|Detroit Red Wings|2|||||
|||Buffalo Sabres|1|||||
||Pat Burns|Boston Bruins|3|||||
|||Ottawa Senators|1|||||
|||St. Louis Blues|1|||||
|||Philadelphia Flyers|1|||||
|||Phoenix Coyotes|1|||||
||Jacques Lemaire|Minnesota Wild|2|||||
|||Tampa Bay Lightning|1|||||
|||Buffalo Sabres|1|||||
|||Vancouver Canucks|1|||||
|||Washington Capitals|1|||||
|||Boston Bruins|1|||||
|||Phoenix Coyotes|1|||||
|||Pittsburgh Penguins|1|||||
|||St. Louis Blues|1|||||
|||Ottawa Senators|1|||||
|||Colorado Avalanche|1|||||
|||Calgary Flames|1|||||
|||Washington Capitals|1|||||
||John Tortorella|Columbus Blue Jackets|2|||||
|||Vegas Golden Knights|1|||||
||Barry Trotz|New York Islanders|2|||||
||Bruce Cassidy|Boston Bruins|1|||||
||Rod Brind'Amour|Carolina Hurricanes|1|||||
||Darryl Sutter|Calgary Flames|1|||||
||Jim Montgomery|Boston Bruins|1|||||
||Rick Tocchet|Vancouver Canucks|1|||||

## References

- General
- Specific

## Infobox (sports award)

- **name**: Jack Adams Award
- **image**: Hhof_jack_adams.jpg
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **givenfor**: National Hockey League coach "adjudged to have contributed the most to his team's success."
- **first**: 1974
- **mostwins**: Pat Burns (3)
- **mostrecent**: Rick Tocchet
Vancouver Canucks
Bagpipes

The **bagpipes** are a musical instrument. They are sometimes just called "pipes". They have a bag that holds air. The player keeps the bag full of air by blowing into it with a tube or pumping it with a bellows. To make music, the bag is pressed and the air comes out through a kind of flute or "chanter". There are usually one or more other tubes coming from the bag that make sounds whenever the bag is squeezed, called "drones". Each drone normally plays a different note, and stays on the same note the whole time it is playing, to play a harmony with the "chanter". The sounds are made by a single or, more commonly, double reed which vibrates when air is blown over it.

Scotland is traditionally linked to the bagpipes, and many pipe tunes come from there. Many, many other places, however, also have different types of bagpipes: over all of Europe, some of North Africa, and into the Middle East such as the Ottoman Empire.

The Scottish pipes, the Great Pipe, or piob-mhor, first had only one drone pipe. The second pipe was added in the mid 1500s and the third pipe was added in the 1700s.

Bagpipes have always been folk instruments, but after the 15th century some were used for court music, and others have survived as military instruments. For the chanter, two single-reed cane pipes are placed parallel, one pipe often sounding a drone or other accompaniment to the other pipe.Oct 6, 2023.

## Usage in warfare

Bagpipes have been used in war for an extended time period, with some accounts of it going back to the Scottish Battle of Pinkie in 1547. Bagpipes have been used in war to raise morale upon others whilst demoralizing enemies, and coordinating troops and tactics, an example of this being how it was used within clans in the Jacobite Uprisings due to their distinctive and loud noise. Military usage of bagpipes can be for funerals or parades, in which case their likely played by Pipe and Drum bands.

### Possible ancient origin

Evidence of the usage of bagpipes is still to be proven. However, a number of visual and textual hints have been proposed. The _Oxford History of Music_ posits that a sculpture of bagpipes has been found on a Hittite slab at Euyuk in Anatolia, dated to 1000 BC.

TBA

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Bagpipes
- **image**: Great Highlands Bagpipe 001.jpg
- **image capt**: Great Highland bagpipe
- **classification**: Woodwind
Pizmonim

**Pizmonim** (, singular _pizmon_) are Jewish songs and melodies sung to praise God.
Luca Marenzio

**Luca Marenzio**  (born Coccaglio, near Brescia, Italy, 18 October? 1553?;  died Rome, 22 August  1599) was an Italian composer who lived in the late Renaissance. He was one of the best known composers of madrigals.

## Life

Marenzio may have been born in 1553.  We think this because his father once wrote down his son’s age.  The date may have been 18 October because that was his saint’s feast day.

He had his early education in Brescia possibly in Mantua.  Then he moved to Rome, where he worked as a singer for Cardinal Cristoforo Madruzzo.  After the cardinal's death he worked at the court of Cardinal Luigi d'Este.  Here he started to become known as a composer.  By 1581 his music had become extremely popular.  His books of madrigals were often reprinted.  His madrigals were often included in published collections.

In 1587 he moved to Florence where he worked for Ferdinando I de' Medici for two years; in 1589 he returned to Rome, where he spent most of his last years, except for a trip to Poland from 1596 to 1597, during which time he worked at the court of Sigismund III Vasa in Warsaw.  It seems from what some people wrote that his trip to Poland ruined his health, and he died in Rome in 1599, shortly after returning from Poland.

## Music

Marenzio wrote some religious music: motets, and madrigals based on religious texts.  However, most of his famous music consists of secular (not religious) madrigals.  They were written during a period of twenty years, and they vary a lot in style.

Marenzio published at least fifteen collections of music, mostly madrigals but also _canzonette_ and _villanelle_.  These were similar to madrigals but very light in character.  Some of his later works are very chromatic: they use harmony that was unusual for the time.  He often makes the music fit the meaning of the words.  This is called word-painting.  For example: the phrase "sinking in the sea" is sung to notes which go lower and lower.

## Influence

Marenzio’s music had a lot of influence on composers in Italy, as well as in the rest of Europe.  There were several of his madrigals in _Musica transalpina_, a collection of madrigals published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge  in England.

## References

- Article "Luca Marenzio", in _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
Nicholas Yonge

**Nicholas Yonge** (born about 1560; buried October 23, 1619) was an English singer and publisher (his name is an old spelling of the word "Young" and pronounced the same way).  He is most famous for publishing a collection of music called _Musica transalpina_. The first part of the collection appeared in 1588 (during the reign of Elizabeth I).

_Musica transalpina_ was a collection of Italian madrigals.  The title _Musica transalpina_  means: "music from across the Alps" because the music came from Italy which was the other side of the Alps.
Yonge kept the tunes, but the Italian words of the madrigals were translated into English.  _Musica transalpina_ had 57 separate pieces by 18 Italian composers, including Alfonso Ferrabosco and Luca Marenzio.  Ferrabosco was living in England at the time.

Music publishing was quite a new thing in those days. The publication of this book had a huge influence on music in England.  It made madrigals very popular in England and during the next twenty years composers such as Thomas Morley, John Wilbye and Thomas Weelkes composed a large number of English madrigals.

In 1597 Yonge published a second book of _Musica transalpina_ which was also very influential.

## References

- David Brown, "Nicholas Yonge".  _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
Treehouse of Horror (The Simpsons episode)

**Treehouse of Horror** is the third episode in season 2 of ***The Simpsons***. It was first shown on October 25, 1990. It is the first-ever "Treehouse of Horror" episode and has since been followed by a yearly "Treehouse of Horror" episode.  This episode features three stories. The last one is the famous _The Raven_ by Edgar Allan Poe.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: The Simpsons
- **season**: 2
- **episode**: 3
- **director**: Wes Archer
Rich Moore
David Silverman
- **writer**: Story 1: John Swartzwelder

Story 2: Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky

Story 3: Sam Simon and Edgar Allan Poe
- **production**: 7F04
- **guests**: James Earl Jones as the wikt:move#Noun, mover, Serak the Preparer, and the narrator of "The Raven"
- **prev**: Simpson and Delilah
- **next**: Two Cars in Every Garage and Three Eyes on Every Fish
- **season article**: The Simpsons season 2
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
WWE Divas Championship

The **WWE Divas Championship** was a championship in WWE competed for by women, called Divas by WWE. It was established in 2008 and Michelle McCool was the first champion. It was deactivated in 2016 in favor of the new WWE Women's Championship. Charlotte was the final champion.

## History

As a result of the WWE Brand Extension in 2002, the WWE Women's Championship was made exclusive to the Raw brand. Thereafter, only Divas on the Raw brand were able to compete for the WWE Women's Championship, while the Divas on the SmackDown brand were unable to compete for a women's-exclusive championship. The rule was, however, ignored on rare occasions as Melina and Ashley have been the only divas who were on the SmackDown brand to challenge for the title. This led to the creation of the WWE Divas Championship, which was announced on June 6, 2008 during an episode of _SmackDown_ by SmackDown General Manager Vickie Guerrero. In order to determine the competitors for the new title, two 'Golden Dreams matches', the object of which was to retrieve a star that was hanging on a pole above one corner of the ring, were held. The first Golden Dreams match was won by Natalya, and the second by Michelle McCool. The championship belt was officially unveiled on the July 4, 2008 episode of _SmackDown_ prior to the second Golden Dreams match. Natalya and McCool competed against each other at The Great American Bash, which McCool won and became the first champion.

At WrestleMania 32 on April 3, 2016, Lita announced that a new WWE Women's Championship would be created. In the process, the Divas Championship would be retired. Later in the night, the Divas Champion Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks in a Triple Threat match to win the new Women's Championship.

## Reigns

There were 26 reigns and 1 vacancy. The first champion was Michelle McCool. She beat Natalya to win the title at The Great American Bash on July 20, 2008. The last champion was Charlotte. She beat Nikki Bella at Night of Champions. At WrestleMania 32, Charlotte beat Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the new WWE Women's Championship, retiring the WWE Divas Championship in the process.

## Related pages

- WWE
- WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)
- WWE Women's Championship

## Other websites

- Official WWE Divas Championship history

## Infobox (pro wrestling championship)

- **name**: WWE Divas Championship
- **image**: WrestleMania 32 Axxess 2016-03-31 20-20-18 ILCE-6000 DSC04218 (26933143076).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Charlotte (wrestler), Charlotte was the last champion.
- **created**: July 20, 2008
- **retired**: April 3, 2016
- **promotion**: WWE
- **firstchamp**: Michelle McCool
- **finalchamp**: Charlotte (wrestler), Charlotte
- **mostreigns**: Eve Torres and AJ Lee (List of WWE Divas Champions, 3 reigns)
- **longestreign**: Nikki Bella (List of WWE Divas Champions, 301 days)
- **shortestreign**: Jillian Hall (List of WWE Divas Champions, 5 minutes)
- **oldest**: Layla El, Layla ()
- **youngest**: Paige (wrestler), Paige ()
- **heaviest**: Beth Phoenix  ()
- **lightest**: Kelly Kelly ()
Alain Vigneault

**Alain Vigneault** (born May 14, 1961) formerly coached the Montreal Canadiens, Vancouver Canucks, and New York Rangers. He is currently coach of the Philadelphia Flyers.
Lindy Ruff

**Lindy Ruff** (born February 17, 1960) is the current head coach of the New Jersey Devils. He is currently the longest-serving coach in the NHL, being Buffalo's coach since 1997.

## Infobox (ice hockey biography)

- **name**: Lindy Ruff
- **image**: Lindyruff 2006nhlawards.jpg
- **caption**: Ruff in 2006
- **birth place**: Warburg, Alberta, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 201
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence/Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **played for**: Buffalo Sabres
New York Rangers
- **league coach**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **team coach**: New Jersey Devils
- **coached for**: Buffalo Sabres
Dallas Stars
- **draft**: 32nd overall
- **draft year**: 1979
- **draft team**: Buffalo Sabres
- **career start**: 1979
- **career end**: 1993
- **career start coach**: 1993
John Tortorella

**John Robert Tortorella** (born June 24, 1958 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American ice hockey coach currently with the Philadelphia Flyers.

He coached the Tampa Bay Lightning and won both the Jack Adams Award and the Stanley Cup, with the Lightning, in 2004. He coached the New York Rangers from February 23, 2009 to May 29, 2013. He was fired by the Rangers after a disappointing playoff run. He was hired to coach for the Vancouver Canucks for only one season before being relieved of duty after failing to qualify for the playoffs. He is currently with the Philadelphia Flyers as their coach.

## NHL coaching record

|Team|Year|Regular Season|Post Season||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|4|0|3|1|-|1|4<SUP>th</SUP> in Atlantic (73 Pts.)|--|--|--|-|
|43|12|17|1|3|28|5<SUP>th</SUP> in Southeast (59 Pts.)|--|--|--|-|
|82|27|40|11|4|69|3<SUP>rd</SUP> in Southeast|--|--|--|-|
|82|36|25|16|5|93|1<SUP>st</SUP> in Southeast|5|6|.455|Lost East Semifinals|
|82|46|22|8|6|106|1<SUP>st</SUP> in Southeast|16|7|.696|**Stanley Cup Champions**|
|82|43|33|-|6|92|2<SUP>nd</SUP> in Southeast|1|4|.200|Lost East Quarterfinals|
|82|44|33|-|5|93|2<SUP>nd</SUP> in Southeast|2|4|.333|Lost East Quarterfinals|
|82|31|42|-|9|71|5<SUP>th</SUP> in Southeast|--|--|--|-|
|21|12|7|-|2|26|4<SUP>th</SUP> in Atlantic (95 Pts.)|3|4|.429|Lost East Quarterfinals|
|42|20|17|-|5|35|3<SUP>rd</SUP> in Atlantic|--|--|--|-|
|82|44|33|-|5|93|3<SUP>rd</SUP> in Atlantic|1|4|.200|Lost East Quarterfinals|
|82|51|24|-|7|109|1<SUP>st</SUP> in Atlantic|10|10|.500|Lost East Conference Finals|
|48|26|18|-|4|56|2<SUP>nd</SUP> in Atlantic|5|7|.417|Lost East Semifinals|
|75|34|33|-|8|83|5<SUP>th</SUP> in Pacific|--|--|--||
|82|36|35|-|11|76|8<SUP>th</SUP> in Metropolitan|--|--|--||
|82|50|24|-|8|108|3<SUP>rd</SUP> in Metropolitan|1|4|.200|Lost East Quarterfinals|
|82|45|30|-|7|97|4<SUP>th</SUP> in Metropolitan|2|4|.333|Lost East Quarterfinals|
|82|47|31|-|4|98|5<SUP>th</SUP> in Metropolitan|6|4|.600|Lost East Semifinals|
|70|33|22|-|15|81|4<SUP>th</SUP> in Metropolitan|4|6|.400|Lost East Quarterfinals|
Charity

**Charity** could mean:

- Charity (practice), the practice of benevolent givings
- Charitable organization, an association formed for charitable purposes
- 501(c)(3) organization which is a USA specific category for a public charity or a private foundation
- Charity (virtue), in Christianity
- Charity (name), a given name
- Charity (racehorse)
- Charity (programming language)
- HMS _Charity_ (R29), a Royal Navy destroyer
- Alms
- Altruism

**Places**:
- Charity, Guyana, a small town
- Charity Island, Saginaw Bay, Michigan

In **entertainment**:
- Charity (play), a play by W. S. Gilbert
- "Charity" (single), a single by Skunk Anansie
- Charity Shea, an actress in the upcoming TV series _The Best Years_

## Related pages

- Charites, Graces of Roman mythology
Geographic Names Information System

The **Geographic Names Information System** (**GNIS**) contains name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features in the United States of America and its Territories. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey and the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.

## Other websites

- U.S. Board on Geographic Names website
- Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
12 Rounds

**12 Rounds** is a British rock band that was started by Atticus Ross and singer Claudia Sarne.

## Albums

- 1996: _Jitter Juice_ (Polydor)
- 1998: _My Big Hero_ (Nothing)
- 1998: _ My Big Hero_ (Interscope)

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: 12 Rounds
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor, Nothing Records, Nothing, Interscope Records, Interscope
- **url**: http://www.12rounds.net/
- **current members**: Atticus Ross
Claudia Sarne
- **past members**: Adam Holden
Emigration

**Emigration** is leaving one's country or area to go live in another. Emigration (leaving) from one country is usually followed by Immigration (coming into) into another. The difference between the two is the perspective (or point of view) of which country a person is leaving and which country they are going to.

The urge to migrate is a part of human nature. People migrated well before we had written history. Emigrants from a place are its diaspora.

People who move around all the time are called nomads.

## Reasons

Emigration happens for different reasons:
- People think that they benefit from moving elsewhere, because they have a better job, or they have a better chance of economic success, or they are economically better off. This kind of migration is generally called economic migration.
- The climate, or climatic events force people to move. Climatic events include floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.  This kind of migration is generally known as environmental migration. As an example, people left Plymouth, on the Island of Montserrat, after a series of volcanic eruptions in 1995.
- People have disadvantages where they live, often because they have special views or opinions, or they disagree with the majority or those in power.  Often they face persecution, for example because of special religious views or because they belong to an ethnic group. Many people emigrated from Europe to what was the "New World" because they had religious beliefs that were different from the majority.
- People who emigrate (or flee) from one country to another, for reasons including armed conflicts or wars are usually called refugees, once they arrive in another country.
- Very often people move to where the rest of their family lives.
International law handles the different groups of migrants differently.

## Related pages

- Political asylum
- Deportation
- Diaspora
- Immigration
- Exile
- Human migration
- Refugee
- Migrant worker
Brassicales

The **Brassicales** are an order of flowering plants. They are in the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system.

## Classification

- Order **Brassicales**
    - Family Akaniaceae
    - Family Bataceae (salt-tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia)
    - Family Brassicaceae (mustard and cabbage family)
    - Family Capparaceae (caper family, sometimes included in Brassicaceae)
    - Family Caricaceae (papaya family)
    - Family Gyrostemonaceae
    - Family Koeberliniaceae
    - Family Limnanthaceae (meadowfoam family)
    - Family Moringaceae (thirteen species of trees from Africa and India)
    - Family Pentadiplandraceae
    - Family Resedaceae (mignonette family)
    - Family Salvadoraceae
    - Family Setchellanthaceae
    - Family Tovariaceae
    - Family Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family)