juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kanyakumari

**Kanyakumari** ();  "The Virgin Princess" (also known as **Cape Comorin**) is a town in Kanyakumari District in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The town is at the southern tip of Indian subcontinent. The As southernmost town in India, it is sometimes called 'The Land's End'.

Kanyakumari is a popular tourist destination in India. It is famous for its ocean sunrise, sunset and moonrise. It also has the  Thiruvalluvar Statue and Vivekananda Rock Memorial off the coast. The town is a pilgrimage centre. Kanyakumari is bordered on the west, south and east by the Laccadive Sea. It has a coastal line of  stretched on the three sides.

The town is  km south of Thiruvananthapuram city. It is about  south of Nagercoil, the headquarters of Kanyakumari District.

On the shores of the town is a temple dedicated to Goddess Kanyakumari (the virgin Goddess). That is how the  town got its name. Kanyakumari has been a city since the Sangam period. It and has been referred to in old Malayalam literature and in the writings of Ptolemy and Marco Polo.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kanyakumari
- **image skyline**: Vivekananda Rock Memorial, Kanyakumari.jpg
- **image caption**: Vivekananda Rock Memorial, Kanyakumari
- **nickname**: Cape Comorin, Kumari, Thiruvenisangam
- **pushpin map**: India Tamil Nadu#India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tamil Nadu
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts in Tamil Nadu, District
- **subdivision name2**: Kanyakumari district, Kanyakumari
- **established title**: Established
- **named for**: Devi Kanya Kumari
- **government type**: Municipality
- **governing body**: Kanyakumari Municipality
- **leader title**: District Collector
- **leader name**: Arvind
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 25.89
- **elevation m**: 30
- **population total**: 29761
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population density km2**: 665
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 629 702
- **area code**: 91-4652 & 91-4651
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **registration plate**: TN 74
- **demographics1 info1**: Tamil language, Tamil
- **leader name1**: Vijay Vasanth
- **leader title1**: Member of Parliament
- **leader name2**: Thalavai Sundaram
- **leader title2**: Member of Legislative Assembly
- **other name**: Cape Comorin
Petrykivka painting

**Petrykivka painting** is a traditional Ukrainian decorative painting. It originates from the Petrykivka village in Dnipropetrovsk oblast of Ukraine.

In 2013 it was included to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Pesse

**Pesse** is a village located in the Dutch province of Drenthe in the Netherlands. The Pesse canoe is known as the world's oldest boat is located in Pesse.
John Stabb

**John Dukes Schroeder** (July 12, 1961 – May 7, 2016), known professionally as **John Stabb**, was an American punk rock singer. He was best known as one of the founding members of the hardcore punk band Government Issue. He also sang in the bands Betty Blue, The Factory Incident, Stabb, Stain, Emma Peel, Weatherhead, and History Repeated.44

Stabb was born in Washington, D.C.. He was raised in Rockville, Maryland. While living in Rockville, he attended Colonel Zadok A. Magruder High School. Stabb occasionally acted. He was also a freelance writer for  Washington City Paper and Forced Exposure.

## Personal life

Stabb married his long-time partner Mina Devadas on St. Patrick’s Day 2016 while he was at Holy Cross Hospital (Silver Spring). After a 112-day battle with stomach cancer, he died at a hospice in Rockville, Maryland, on May 7, 2016, at 54.

## Other websites

- Official Artist Page - John Stabb Schroeder website
- John Stabb Schroeder - Discogs Discography catalog

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: John Stabb
- **caption**: Stabb in 1988 with Government Issue at Maxwell's in Hoboken, New Jersey
- **birth name**: John Dukes Schroeder
- **alias**: Stabb
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **death place**: Rockville, Maryland, U.S.
- **genre**: Hardcore punk, punk rock, alternative rock, post-hardcore
- **occupation**: Musician, singer, actor, writer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1979–2016
- **label**: Dischord
Semblance
DSI Records
Tragic Life
Diesel Boy
Postfact
Rusty Knuckles
Morphius
- **associated acts**: Government Issue
The Factory Incident
Betty Blue
History Repeated
Weatherhead
Glee Club
Stabb
Stain
Emma Peel
Pseudo Heroes
Nico de Bree

**Nico de Bree** (16 September 1944 – 6 May 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. De Bree started his professional career at local club Elinkwijk. He moved to N.E.C. in 1966.

After playing 204 matches for the Nijmegen club, he moved to play in Belgium and won the 1975 league title with RWDM. He won the 1978 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup with Anderlecht. He also played for Winterslag and Beerschot.

He died of cancer in Vienna on 6 May 2016, aged 71.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Nico de Bree
- **image**: Training RWD Molenbeek , Brussel i.v.m. wedstrijd tegen Feijenoord op 23 a.s. , Bestanddeelnr 929-0436.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: de Bree in 1977
- **fullname**: Nicolaas Alphonsus Petrus de Bree
- **birth place**: Zuilen, Netherlands
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: HMS
- **years1**: 1963–1966
- **clubs1**: USV Elinkwijk, Elinkwijk
- **years2**: 1966–1972
- **clubs2**: N.E.C. (football club), N.E.C.
- **years3**: 1972–1973
- **clubs3**: Racing White Daring
- **years4**: 1973–1977
- **clubs4**: Racing White Daring, RWDM
- **years5**: 1977–1980
- **clubs5**: R.S.C. Anderlecht, Anderlecht
- **years6**: 1980–1981
- **clubs6**: K.R.C. Genk, Winterslag
- **years7**: 1981–1983
- **clubs7**: K. Beerschot V.A.C., Beerschot
- **years8**: 1983–1984
- **clubs8**: FC Dordrecht, DS'79
Gene Gutowski

**Gene Gutowski**, born as ***Witold Bardach***, (July 26, 1925 in Lwów, Poland, now Ukraine – May 10, 2016 Warsaw) was a Polish-born American movie producer. He produced many of Roman Polanski's movies. He was known for producing _The Pianist_, _The Fearless Vampire Killers_, _Cul-de-sac_.

Gutowski died of pneumonia in Warsaw, Poland on May 10, 2016, aged 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Gene Gutowski (Garmisch, 1946).jpg
- **birth place**: Lwów, Poland
- **death date**: (aged 90)
- **death place**: Warsaw, Poland
- **birth name**: Witold Bardach
- **spouse**: Zillah Rhoades (1947–55)
Judy Wilson (1963–73)
Corinna Liddell (1976–83)
Dorota Puzio (1990–94)
- **years active**: 1958–2016
- **occupation**: Movie producer
Acetylcholinesterase

**Acetylcholinesterase** is an enzyme found in nerve synapses, including nerve-to-muscle junctions. Its function is to end  transmission across a synapse.

It breaks up neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, and allows us to extend our muscles after contraction.

## Related pages

- Nerve impulse
John Warr

**John James Warr** (16 July 1927 – 9 May 2016) was an English cricketer. He was a successful county player for Middlesex County Cricket Club. He played two Test matches for England. With his Test bowling average remains the worst of any retired English player.  Warr was known for his sense of humour and made many humorous after dinner speeches. He was born in Ealing, Middlesex, England,

Warr died on 9 May 2016, aged 88.
John Young (baseball)

**John Thomas Young** (February 9, 1949 – May 8, 2016) was an American professional baseball player. He also scouted and worked in the front office. Young played in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers in 1971. He founded Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities (RBI), a youth baseball program aimed at increasing participation among African Americans in baseball. He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Young died in Los Angeles, California from diabetes on May 8, 2016, aged 67.
Karl Maramorosch

**Karl Maramorosch** (January 16, 1915 – May 9, 2016) was an Austrian-born American virologist, entomologist and plant pathologist. He was born in Vienna, and of Jewish descent.

He got his Ph.D. at Columbia University.

He made research on viruses, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae and other micro-organisms and their transmission to plants through insect in many parts of the world.

He was the co-author of a textbook on techniques in virology. He was the author of numerous papers on the biology and ecology of plant viruses, their hosts and vectors. He received the Wolf Prize in Agriculture in 1980 for his work to the study of crop pathogens.

Maramorosch died in Ithaca, New York on May 9, 2016, aged 101.
John Bradshaw (author)

**John Elliot Bradshaw** (; (June 29, 1933 – May 8, 2016) was an American educator, counselor, motivational speaker and author. He hosted a number of PBS television programs such as _Bradshaw On: Homecoming_. He was active in the self-help movement. He was known for creating the idea of "wounded inner child" and the dysfunctional family. His books are mainly works of popular psychology. His most popular book is _Homecoming: Reclaiming and Championing Your Inner Child_. He was born in Houston, Texas.

On May 8, 2016, Bradshaw died of heart failure in Houston at the age of 82.

## Other websites

- Curriculum vitae
Michael Ratner

**Michael Ratner** (1943 – May 11, 2016) was an American lawyer. He was the President Emeritus of the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and president of the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Ratner was known for his human rights activism.

He was known as representing the Guantanamo Bay prisoners in the United States Supreme Court, where, in June 2004, the court decided his clients have the right to test the legality of their detentions in court.

Ratner died from complications of cancer on May 11, 2016, aged 72.
Tony Cozier

**Winston Anthony Lloyd Cozier** (10 July 1940 – 11 May 2016) was a Barbadian cricket writer who was born in Bridgetown. He was a commentator on West Indian cricket from 1958 until his death.

Cozier died on 11 May 2016 in Bridgetown from a long-illness, aged 75.

## Other websites

- West Indies in India Nov 1974/Jan 1975 – Summary ESPNcricinfo – Excerpt from Cozier's book
- Tony Cozier Unplugged CaribbeanCricket.com, 20 April 2004 – Two-part interview with Cozier
- West Indies cricket needs Legends' clout Tony Cozier's last column for ESPNcricinfo published on 1 May 2016.
Peter Behrens (musician)

**Peter Behrens** (4 September 1947 – 11 May 2016) was a German drummer and actor. He was best known for being a member of the band Trio in the early 1980s, where he played the drums. After Trio ended in 1986, and after overcoming alcoholism and a drug problem he retired.

Behrens had two children. He died on 11 May 2016 from multiple organ failure in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, aged 68.

## Other websites

- http://www.stephan-remmler.de/peter_behrens/peter_behrens.htm
- http://www.taz.de/pt/2004/01/05/a0189.nf/textdruck

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Peter Behrens
- **image**: Peter Behrens.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Sande, Lower Saxony, Sander, Lower Saxony, Germany
- **death place**: Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony, Germany
- **instrument**: Drums
- **genre**: New German Wave, Krautrock
- **occupation**: Musician, actor, clown
- **associated acts**: Silberbart, Trio (band), Trio
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

***The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah*** is a painting by John Martin. Martin painted it in 1852.

John Martin was famous for painting landscapes in the style of Romanticism.   He painted pictures of the end of the world and events from the Bible.

_The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah_ was the last painting that Martin finished. He completed it in 1852 and sent it to the Royal Academy. In 1853 he started to paint _The Last Judgment_, _The Great Day of His Wrath_, and _The Plains of Heaven_, but he became sick. He died the next year.

The painting shows the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah from the Bible. The picture shows Lot and his two daughters running from the city.  Lot's wife looked back and became a pillar of salt.  The painting has a red color and a storm in the sky, typical of Martin's work.

_The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah_ is in the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle, England.
Anne van den Ban

**Anne Willem van den Ban** (28 February 1928 — 7 May 2016) was a Dutch scholar. His work is on Agricultural Extension. He was born in Leeuwarderadeel. He taught on how innovations can help farmers produce more crops. He helped create many new ways for farmers to produce crops in The Netherlands.

Van den Ban was an adviser to the Executive Council of the International Society for Extension Education (INSEE). He received a Life Time Achievement Award in September 2008 for his _"outstanding contribution in the field of Extension Education, Agricultural Development and Rural Development"_. from this organization

Van den Ban died at the age of 88 on 7 May 2016 in Wageningen.
Use Your Fingers

***Use Your Fingers*** is the debut studio album by Bloodhound Gang. The album was released in July 18, 1995.
Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles

**Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles** (21 April 1713 in Versailles – 22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) He was a member of the influential House of Noailles and was a nephew of Marie Victoire de Noailles, daughter-in-law of Louis XIV of France. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution.

## Background and early life

Given the title of **Duke of Ayen** at birth he was born in Versailles and was one of six children. His father Adrien Maurice de Noailles was a distinguished military man of the reign of Louis XIV. Louis' mother was Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, the niece and heiress of Madame de Maintenon (Louis XIV's second _secret_ wife)

## Marriage and children

On 25 February 1737 he married _Cathérine_ Françoise Charlotte de Cossé, with whom he had four children

1. Jean de Noailles, Duke of Noailles (26 October 1739, Paris – 20 October 1824)
1. Adrienne Catherine de Noailles (24 December 1741 – December 1813) married René de Froulay, Count of Tessé, last Marquis of Lavardin (1736–1814)
1. Emmanuel Marie Louis de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles (12 December 1743 - September 1822) French diplomat who remained unmarried.
1. Philippine Louise de Noailles (1745-1791) married  Louis Antoine Armand de Gramont, Duke of Lesparre.

## Titles

- 21 April 1713 - 24 June 1766 The Duke of Ayen.
- 24 June 1766 - 22 August 1793 The Duke of Noailles.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Louis de Noailles
- **title**: 4th Duke of Noailles
- **image**: Louis de Noailles, Duke of Noailles (1713-793), Marshal of France, (École Française).jpg
- **birth place**: Versailles, Kingdom of France, France
- **death place**: Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
- **burial place**: Picpus Cemetery, Paris
- **spouse**: Cathérine de Cossé
- **issue**: Jean de Noailles, Jean, Duke of Noailles
Madame de Tessé, Adrienne Catherine, Countess of Tessé
Emmanuel Marie Louis de Noailles, Emmanuel Marie Louis, Marqius of Noailles
Philippine Louise de Noailles
- **noble family**: House of Noailles, Noailles
- **father**: Adrien Maurice de Noailles, Adrien Maurice, Duke of Noailles
- **mother**: Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Automatic Identification System

**Automatic Identification System** (AIS) is a way for a ship to send data by radio to tell other ships its position. AIS was made to avoid ships colliding and make it safer to travel by sea. AIS sends messages every few seconds, and these are received other boats and by stations on land and on some satellites.  A ship knows its position by using Global Positioning System (GPS). Since 2004, all ships above 300 tons and all passenger ships have to use AIS. It is now also used by many yachts and other leisure boats.
Rockcrawling

**Rock crawling** is an extreme form of off-road driving. Participants use vehicles anywhere from stock to highly modified to overcome obstacles (usually rocks).  In rock crawling, drivers drive highly modified four-wheel drive vehicles such as trucks, Jeeps, and "buggies" over very harsh terrain.  Driving locations include boulders, mountain foothills, rock piles, mountain trails, etc.

Rock crawling is about slow-speed, careful and precise driving, and high torque generated through large gear reductions in the vehicle's drivetrain.  Rock crawlers often drive up, down and across obstacles that would appear impassable. Most vehicles used to rock climb are primarily 4x4s.

Rock crawling competitions range from local events to national series.  A rock crawling competition consists of obstacle courses that are about  long.  Each obstacle is set up with gates, similar to a ski course. Usually a spotter (person who guides the driver) helps the driver through hard obstacles. Spotters may also use a rope to help prevent a vehicle from tipping over.

### The vehicles

Vehicles commonly used include Jeep, Nissan Patrol, Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Rover, Ford Bronco, Suzuki Samurai, International Harvester Scout. Also, vehicles like the Mercedes Unimog due to its portal axles and greatly increased ground clearance. These vehicles are outfitted with custom parts. Power is usually not an issue, as rock crawlers typically lower their gear ratios in order to drive more slowly over obstacles without stalling the engine. These custom parts can include:
1. locking differentials
1. taller off-road tires
1. upgraded suspension
1. four wheel steering
1. roll cage for driver protection
1. engine modifications for increased performance, mostly torque
1. lowered gearing in either or all of the transmission, transfer case (including often employing a second transfer case to reduce gearing even more), or axle differentials
1. winches
1. body armour (rocker panels, tube fenders, etc.)
1. beadlocks (locks tires to the rims for low tire pressures)
1. long-travel shock absorbers, drop shackles, spring-over conversions (to increase wheel travel), coil-over spring/shock combinations, and upgraded control arms
1. portal axles

Oversized, low-pressure, knobby, mud-terrain tires are used. Most vehicles have a low-geared transfer case to make the most torque in the low speeds used for rock crawling. Suspension-wise, rock crawling vehicles sometimes have aftermarket lift kits installed, raising the chassis and increasing suspension flexibility. Highly modified rock crawling vehicles are less suitable for driving on roads and highways.

Building a dedicated rock crawler can cost a lot of money. For rock crawling competitions, getting a sponsor can help to cover some of these costs.

## Related pages

- Jeep
- Land Rover
- Toyota
- Suzuki
- Daihatsu
- International Harvester Scout
Nagapattinam

Nagapattinam is a town and headquarters of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu state of India. One of the town which was severely hit by the 2004 tsunami.

## Demographics

1. The town has an area of 14.92km2.

1. The population is 102,905.

1. The density of the people living is 615.99/km2

## Occupation

As Nagapattinam is nearby the sea, the main occupation of the people here is Fishing.
Anne de Noailles, 1st Duke of Noailles

**Anne de Noailles, (1st) Duke of Noailles** (born after 1613 - 15 February 1678) was a French noble whose two sons bought the House of Noailles to prominence at the French royal court. Prior to being created a duke in 1663, he was a count.

## Brief biography

A son of François de Noailles who was created the "Count of Ayen" in 1663. He was eventually created the **Duke of Noailles** during the reign of Louis XIV in 1663.

## Marriage and children

13 December 1645 he married Louise Boyer with whom he had six children with;

1. Anne Jules de Noailles, Duke of Noailles (5 February 1650 – 2 October 1708) married Marie Françoise de Bournonville and bhad children.
1. Louis Antoine de Noailles  (27 May 1651 – 4 May 1729) a bishop and cardinal, who remained unmarried. Known as the **Cardinal de Noailles**.
1. Jacques de Noailles (9 November 1653 - 22 April 1712) died unmarried.
1. Jean François de Noailles (28 August 1658 - 23 June 1692), "Marquis of Noailles". Married Marguerite Thérèse Rouillé in 1687 and had children
1. Louise Anne de Noailles (1662-1693) married Henri de Beaumanoir, Marquis of Lavardin.
1. Jean Baptiste Louis Gaston de Noailles (8 July 1669 - 15 September 1720) Bishop of Châlons.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Anne de Noailles
- **title**: Duke of Noailles
- **full name**: Anne de Noailles
- **image**: Noailles, Anne.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Anne de Noailles
- **noble family**: Duke of Noailles, House of Noailles
- **father**: François de Noailles, Count of Ayen
- **mother**: Rose de Roquelaure
- **spouse**: Louise Boyer
- **birth date**: after 1613
- **issue**: Anne Jules de Noailles, Duke of Noailles, Anne Jules, Duke of Noailles
Louis Antoine, "Cardinal de Noailles"
Jean François de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles, Jean François, Marquis of Noailles
Louise Anne, Marquise of Lavardin
Jean Baptiste, Bishop of Châlons
Elisa Mainardi

**Elisa Mainardi** (27 July 1930 – 8 May 2016) was an Italian stage, movie and television actress. She was born in Rome. She was known for her roles in _Fellini Satyricon_, _Roma_, and _And the Ship Sails On_. Mainardi was also known for being in movies directed by Federico Fellini.

Mainardi died in Rome, Italy on 8 May 2016, aged 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elisa Mainardi
- **image**: Elisa_Mainardi_54.jpg
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: Actress
Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (1924–2016)

**Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia** (_Aleksandar Pavlov Karađorđević_; 13 August 1924 – 12 May 2016) was the elder son of Prince Paul. His father served as Regent of Yugoslavia in the 1930s, and his wife, Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark.

He was born in White Lodge, Richmond Park, Surrey.

Alexander married Princess Maria Pia of Savoy, daughter of King Umberto II of Italy in 1955. Alexander and Maria Pia divorced in 1967.

On 17 February 2008, Alexander said that he did not support the declaration of independence by Kosovo.

Alexander died on 12 May 2016 in Paris, aged 91.
Joe Temperley

**Joe Temperley** (20 September 1929 – 11 May 2016) was a Scottish saxophonist. He has performed with many instruments but is most associated with the baritone saxophone and bass clarinet. He was born in Lochgelly, Scotland. Temperley played with The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, but most famously with Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra.

Temperley suffered from cancer and died on 11 May 2016 in Manhattan, New York from kidney failure.
Del Latta

**Delbert Leroy "Del" Latta** (March 5, 1920 – May 12, 2016) was an American politician. He served as member of the United States House of Representatives from 1959 through 1989. He was a Republican. He was born in Weston, Ohio.

Latta died in Bowling Green, Ohio on May 12, 2016, aged 96.
Claw of Archimedes

The **Claw of Archimedes** (also known as the "**Iron Hand**") was an ancient weapon. It was designed by Archimedes to defend the seaward part of Syracuse's city wall against amphibious assault. Although its exact nature is unclear, the accounts of ancient historians seem to describe it as a sort of crane equipped with a grappling hook. Apparently it was able to lift an attacking ship partly out of the water to capsize or suddenly drop it.
Bowling Green, Ohio

**Bowling Green** is a city in and the county seat of Wood County, Ohio, United States.  The population was 30,808 at the 2020 census. It is near Toledo, Ohio. Bowling Green is the home of Bowling Green State University.
Yukio Ninagawa

was a Japanese theatre director. He was known for his Japanese language productions of Shakespeare plays and Greek tragedies. He has directed _Hamlet_ differently eight times. He also directed _Titus Andronicus_, _Coriolanus_ and _Macbeth_. He was also a movie director. He directed the 2003 movie _Ao no Honō_.

Ninagawa died of pneumonia at a hospital in Tokyo on May 12, 2016, aged 80.

## Other websites

- Ninagawa Studio website
- Yukio Ninagawa official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yukio Ninagawa
蜷川幸雄
- **image**: Yukio Ninagawa.jpg
- **caption**: 2010 Cultural Medal recipient
- **birth date**: October 15, 1935
- **birth place**: Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- **death date**: May 12, 2016 (aged 80)
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **occupation**: Theatre director
Film director
- **yearsactive**: 1969–2016
Muhammad Abdul Wahhab

Haji **Muhammad Abdul Wahhab** (, _Ḥājī Muḥammad ‘Abdul-Wahhāb_; (January 1, 1923 – November 18, 2018) was a Muslim preacher of Islam and the _Ameer_ of Tablighi Jamaat in Pakistan. He played an important role in the Tablighi Jamaat movement.

## Biography

Wahhab was born in Delhi, India. He studied at Islamia College in Lahore.

In October 2013 it was reported that Haji Abdul Wahhab was suggested to head a Loya Jirga in preparation for peace talks with the Pakistani Taliban.

Wahhab died from complications of dengue fever on November 18, 2018 at the age of 95.
Yusuf al-Qaradawi

**Yusuf al-Qaradawi** (; 9 September 1926 – 26 September 2022) was an Egyptian-born Qatari Islamic scholar. He spent most of his life in Doha, Qatar. He is the chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.

He is best known for his programme, _al-Sharīʿa wa al-Ḥayāh_ ("Sharia and Life"), broadcast on Al Jazeera, which has an audience of 60 million worldwide. He is also well known for IslamOnline, a popular website he helped found in 1997 and for which he now serves as chief religious scholar.

## Views

He views music as permissible, and listens to it himself, he permits acting on movie sets and condemns those who withdraw from acting, believes mortgages are permissible, and shaving the beard to be makruh.

### Criticism

Shaykh al-Albani: He was criticised for having a very dangerous philosophy and passing verdicts that contradict the sharia, such as how he permitted music by Shaykh al-Albani.

Shaykh Fawzan: He released a book called refuting Qaradawi's book "Al-Halal wal-Haram" where he is very lax.

## Other websites

- onislam.net
- Al-Qaradawi's books translated into English and French
- Wolfgang G. Schwanitz: _Global Mufti al-Qaradawi_, Webversion 12-2010
- "Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi: Portrait of a leading Islamist cleric" , Ana Belén Soage, _Middle East Review of International Affairs_, 12/1 (March 2008), pp. 51–65.
- "Sheikh Yūsuf al-Qaradawi: A Moderate Voice from the Muslim World?", Ana Belén Soage, 'Religion Compass'', 4 (September 2010), pp. 563–575.
- [Yusuf al-Qaradawi and Minorities: Learned Intolerance, Qantara.de
- Daily Assembly 14 September 2005/20050914/Minutes/Transcript%20PDF.pdf), Mayor of London about Qardawi and Pope John XXIII, pp. 12–13, Greater London Authority
Catalogue of the Archbishops of Gniezno

**Catalogue of the Archbishops of Gniezno** is a Polish manuscript.
Hal Riney

**Hal Patrick Riney** (17 July 1932 – 24 March 2008) was an American advertising executive. He was born in Seattle, Washington. He was the founder of Publicis & Hal Riney. Riney was named #30 on the _Advertising Age_ 100 people of the 20th century. He was added into the Advertising Hall of Fame in 2001. He was mostly known as for narrating Ronald Reagan's 1984 re-election ads "Morning in America" and "Bear in the Woods".

## Personal life

Riney died at age 75 on 24 March 2008 from cancer at his home in San Francisco, California, aged 75.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hal Patrick Riney
- **birth date**: 17 July 1932
- **occupation**: Advertising executive
Bear in the woods

A television commercial known for its opening line **"There is a bear in the woods"** was created for the 1984 U.S. presidential re-election campaign of Ronald Reagan.

The commercial shows a grizzly bear wandering through a forest. The narrator of the ad, Hal Riney, talks about how the bear could be dangerous and that it would be smart to be prepared for that possibility. In the final scene a man appears and the bear takes a step back. The ad ends with a picture of Reagan and the tagline: "President Reagan: Prepared for Peace".

The bear could have either signified with the massive inflation the United States was facing, Democratic challenger Walter Mondale or the growing tensions of the Soviet Union and the Cold War.

Reagan was elected in a massive landslide in the 1984 elections winning 49 of the 50 states.

## Related pages

- "Morning in America"
Oscar Malapitan

**Oscar Malapitan** (born June 14, 1955) is a Filipino politician. He is the mayor of Caloocan City since June 30, 2013. He helped to make Caloocan the most competitive city in the Philippines.
Jemaa el-Fnaa

**Jemaa el-Fnaa** (Arabic: <big>ساحة جامع الفناء </big> _saaHat jamaaʻ al-fanâʼ_, also **Jamaa el Fna**, **Djema el-Fna** or **Djemaa el-Fnaa**) is a famous square in Old city of Marrakesh, Morocco.

## 2011 bombings

On April 28, 2011 an explosion originated at the cafe "Aragana" in the square. 17 people were killed while 25 were wounded in the blast. According to local media reports, one source of the blast was a gas pipe.

## Other websites

- The Time Machine | Photography portfolio about Jamaa El-Fna
- BBC news about preserving intangible patrimony
- A Night at Jamaa El-Fna - article in English with many high-quality pictures
- Torture to the beat of Jamaa al Fna drums
Differential (mechanical device)

A **differential** is a mechanical device made up of several gears. It is used in almost all mechanized four-wheel vehicles. It is used to transmit the power from the driveshaft to the drive wheels. Its main function is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different rpms allowing the wheels to go around corners while still receiving power from the engine.

## Different types

- An **open differential** (OD) is the most common type. It is also the least expensive. An open differential allows the vehicle to go around corners without dragging the outside wheel. However, power is transferred to the wheel with the least amount of traction (grip on the road). If that wheel is on ice or other slippery surfaces, the vehicle will not move forward and the wheel with the power will simply spin. In vehicles with two-wheel drive, if they have an open differential in effect they have only a single drive wheel. In four-wheel drive vehicles using open differentials (usually standard from the factory), only one wheel on each axle powers the vehicle. Advantages include seldom breaking an axle, less tire wear, and they are free as most new vehicles come with open differentials.
- A **limited slip differential** (LSD) overcomes this problem. Using a series of clutches (called a clutch pack), the LSD allows limited wheel slippage while maintaining power to both drive wheels. LSDs are popular in race cars, as there are oftentimes when they are coming out of turns and need to accelerate without losing power to one drive wheel.
- A **locking differential** (locker) is able to _lock_ the two drive wheels on an axle together. The advantage is that both wheels have power at all times. The disadvantage is that turning is much more difficult since both wheels must turn at the same rpms. So most lockers must be disengaged when making sharp turns. Lockers can also present the driver with some dangerous situations. For example, when traversing a slope (going crossways) if one drive wheel loses traction both lose traction and the vehicle may slide sideways down the slope. Drivers are often warned not to traverse a slope if the surface is loose or slippery. Lockers may be switched on or off mechanically, electronically (e-locker) or using compressed air (air locker). Lockers are desirable on off-road vehicles but are usually not useful on streets and highways.
- A **spool** is an open differential in which the axles have been mechanically fastened together. This does not allow either wheel to go faster or slower around corners. It is cheap and adds little or no weight to the vehicle, but is usually limited to off-road competitions and trail driving. They are not desirable for driving on the street as they will "chirp" the tires when going around corners.

## Other websites

- How a Differential Works and Types of Differentials, YouTube
- How an air-locker works, YouTube
- Around The Corner - How Differential Steering Works (1937)
Obstacle course

An **obstacle course** is a series of obstacles a person, vehicle or team must navigate. This is usually while being timed. Obstacle courses can include running, climbing, jumping, crawling, swimming, and balanceing with the aim of testing speed and endurance. Sometimes a course involves mental tests. In an off-road obstacle course, the driver is presented with a variety of different terrain to get over, around or through.

### Military

The military/Army obstacle course is used (mostly in recruit training). The purpose is to familiarize recruits with the kind of military tactics they will use in combat. It is also for physical fitness, building teamwork, and evaluating problem solving skills. Typical courses involve obstacles the participants must climb over, crawl under, balance, hang, jump, etc. Puddles of muddy water, ropes, nets, and "no touch" restrictions are often used to make the course more difficult.

### Off-road

Off-road obstacle courses may be set up with a variety of different challenging situations. More common obstacles are hills, rockcrawling gates, log crawls, and mud pits. Some include underground tunnels, balance beams and water slides. Others are for the purposes of teaching high-speed driving on unimproved roads. Features include different kinds of turns, changes in elevation, navigating high speed straightaways and maneuvering vehicles through tight S-turns (so called because from above they resemble a letter "s").

## Other websites

- Commando Training Centre Royal Marines assault course, YouTube
- Jeff Daniel's Jeep Show Offroad Obstacle Course, YouTube
Furcula

The **furcula** ("little fork" in Latin) is commonly called the **wishbone**. It is a forked bone in birds and
some extinct dinosaurs.

It is a strut between a bird's shoulders, and connects to each of the bird's scapulae (shoulder blades). A strut is a structure which resists compression (pushing together) along its length.

It is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles (collarbones). In birds, its main function is to strengthen the thoracic skeleton to withstand the forces of flight.

X-ray films of starlings in flight have shown that the furcula expands when the wings are pulled downward, and snaps back as they are raised. Acting like a spring, the furcula stores some of the energy generated by contraction of the breast muscles. Then it releases the energy during the upstroke as the furcula snaps back to the normal position. This, in turn, draws the shoulders toward the midline of the body.

Surprisingly, the furcula is not essential for flying, and there are a number of birds which can fly well, but have a reduced furcula, or none at all.

Several groups of theropod dinosaurs had furculae.
Wilfredo León

**Wilfredo León Venero**  (born 31 July 1993) is a Cuban volleyball player with Polish citizenship (since July 14, 2015), a member of Cuba men's national volleyball team in 2007–2012 and Russian club Zenit Kazan, silver medalist of the World Championship 2010, NORCECA Champion (2009, 2011), Cuban Champion (2009, 2010, 2011), Russian Champion (2015, 2016).

## Other websites

- Highlights  (movie)
- FIVB profile
Bartosz Kurek

**Bartosz Kamil Kurek** (born 29 August 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team and Japanese club JT Thunders Hiroshima, a participant of the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2009 European Champion, a gold medalist of the 2012 World League, a silver medalist of the 2011 World Cup, a bronze medalist of the 2011 World League, 2011 European Championship and 2015 World Cup, three-time Polish Champion (2009, 2010, 2011) and Italian Champion (2014).  He also won the 2018 World Champion title as well as the 2009 and the 2023 European Championship titles.

## Other websites

- Highlights  (movie)
- FIVB Profile
- PlusLiga player profile
Frans Jeppsson Wall

**Frans Jeppsson Wall** (born 19 December 1998), more commonly known as **Frans**, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. He won Melodifestivalen 2016 and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden with the song "If I Were Sorry". He is of both English and Nigerian descent.

### Studio albums

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Details|scope="col"|Peak chart positions|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: 2006 * Label: Universal Music AB * Format: CD, Digital download|20|||||
|* Released: 24 July 2020 * Label: Cardiac Records * Format: CD, digital download|—|||||
|colspan="20" style="font-size:85%"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||

#### As lead artist

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"|Year|scope="col" colspan="9"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Certifications|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|24|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||_Da Man_|||
|2008|1|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|* GLF: Gold|rowspan="7"|||
|rowspan="2"|2016|1|2|34|36|12|34|25|25|61|* GLF: 7× Platinum * BVMI: Gold * IFPI AUT: Gold|||
|89|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|2017|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|||||
|rowspan="5"|2019|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||_Present_||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|rowspan="3"|2020|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||rowspan="3"|_Present_|
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|2021|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||rowspan="3"|||
|rowspan="2"|2024|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|colspan="13" style="font-size:85%"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||||||||||

#### As featured artist

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"|Year|scope="col"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Certifications|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|1|* GLF: Platinum|_Da Man_|||||||
|2018|—|||||||||
|colspan="20" style="font-size:85%"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Frans
- **image**: ESC2016 - Sweden Meet & Greet 33.jpg
- **birth place**: Ystad, Scania, Sweden
- **occupations**: singer, songwriter
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 2006–present
Arrondissements of the Ain department

There are 4 **arrondissements in the Ain department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 4 arrondissements of Ain are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population <small>(2014)</small> !! Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density (Inh./km²) !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|011|Belley|Belley|98,110|1,307.2||115|
|012|Bourg-en-Bresse|Bourg-en-Bresse|354,177|3,104.8||201|
|013|Gex|Gex|89,200|426.2||27|
|014|Nantua|Nantua|84,640|837.0||65|

## History

Since its creation, the Ain department has had some changes:
- 1790 : creation of the Ain department with nine districts: Pont-de-Vaux, Bourg, Nantua, Gex, Belley, Saint-Rambert, Montluel, Trévoux and Châtillon-les-Dombes.
- 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Bourg, Belley, Nantua and Trévoux.
- 1815 : creation of the arrondissement Gex.
- 1926 : the arrondissements of Gex and Trévoux were eliminated.
- 1965 : Gex is again an arrondissement of the department.
Mustafa Badreddine

**Mustafa Badreddine**, (‎; 6 April 1961 – c. 12 May 2016), also known as Mustafa Badr Al Din, Mustafa Amine Badreddine, Mustafa Youssef Badreddine, Sami Issa and Elias Fouad Saab, was a Lebanese military leader. He was a member of Hezbollah. He was both the cousin and brother-in-law of late Imad Mugniyah. He was nicknamed Dhu al-Fiqar after the sword of Ali.

Badreddine escaped from the prison in 1990 during the invasion of Kuwait or the Iraqis released the imprisoned Badreddine and the others. Badreddine was wanted as a terrorist for his alleged role in the planning of the deadly AMIA bombing which occurred on 18 July 1994 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

On 12 May 2016, it was said that Badreddine had been killed by an explosion caused by an Israeli airstrike near the Damascus International Airport. The cause and timing of which is unclear.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mustafa Badreddine

- **image**: Basil al-Assad.jpg
- **caption**: Badreddine in 1991
- **birth name**: Mustafa Ali Badreddine
- **birth place**: Beirut, Lebanon
- **death date**: c.
- **death place**: Damascus, Syria
- **nationality**: Lebanese people, Lebanese
- **years active**: 1980s – 2016
- **parents**: Amine Badreddine and Fatima Jezeini
Rodrigo Espíndola

**Rodrigo Federico Espíndola** (29 July 1989 – 13 May 2016) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played for Chacarita Juniors, Racing Club and most notably Nueva Chicago. He played as a defender. He was born in Monte Grande, Argentina. He began his career in 2009.

Espíndola died on 13 May 2016 after being shot during a robbery in Monte Grande, Argentina, aged 26.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Rodrigo Espíndola
- **fullname**: Rodrigo Federico Espíndola
- **birth place**: Monte Grande, Argentina
- **death place**: Monte Grande, Argentina
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 2009–2014
- **clubs1**: Chacarita Juniors
- **caps1**: 55
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 2013–2014
- **clubs2**: Racing Club de Avellaneda, Racing Club
- **caps2**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2014–2016
- **clubs3**: Club Atlético Nueva Chicago, Nueva Chicago
- **caps3**: 21
- **goals3**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 76
- **totalgoals**: 2
Jean François de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles

**Jean François de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles** 28 August 1658 - 23 June 1692) was a French nobleman and was known by his title of "Marquis of Noailles" (_marquis de Noailles_)  He was a member of the influential House of Noailles. He was also a "_Maréchal de camp_"

## Children

Noailles married Marguerite Thérèse Rouillé in 1687 and had two daughters.

1. Louise Antoinette de Noailles (25 February 1688 - 21 August 1690) died in infancy.
1. Anne Catherine de Noailles (28 September 1694 - 7 November 1716) married Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu but had no children.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Jean François de Noailles
- **title**: Marquis of Noailles
- **full name**: Jean François de Noailles
- **image**: Jean François de Noailles, Marquis of Noailles from a larger painting by Nicolas de Largilliere circa 1698.jpg
- **caption**: The Marquis of Noailles from a larger painting by Largilliere circa 1698.
- **noble family**: Duke of Noailles, House of Noailles
- **father**: Anne de Noailles, Duke of Noailles, Anne de Noailles
- **spouse**: Marguerite Thérèse Rouillé
- **mother**: Louise Boyer
- **birth date**: 28 August 1658
- **issue**: Louise Antoinette
Anne Catherine, Duchess of Richelieu
- **death date**: 23 June 1692 (aged 33)
École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne

**École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne** is a renowned graduate engineering school in France.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
- _Ingénieur ENSTA Bretagne_ (ENSTA Bretagne Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- Master of Science & PhD
- _Mastères Spécialisés_ (MS)
- Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSTA Bretagne. It is in Brest.

Most of the 900 graduate engineer students at ENSTA Bretagne live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

## Research labs

Research activities at ENSTA Bretagne relate to the following topics:
- Boat Design
- Vehicles Design
- Mechanical Design
- Renewable energy
- Hydrography ; oceanography
- Pyrotechnics ; propulsion
- Embedded systems
- Engineering and organizational management

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne
- **established**: 1971
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **students**: 900
- **city**: Brest, France, Brest
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Conférence des Grandes Écoles
Groupe ENSTA
- **website**: http://www.ensta-bretagne.fr
Madeleine Carroll

**Edith Madeleine Carroll** (26 February 1906 – 2 October 1987) was an English and American actress. At the peak of her success, she (at that time) was the highest paid actress in the world. She earned just over $250,000 in 1938. She acted in movies and radio. She starred in several Alfred Hitchcock thrillers including _The 39 Steps_ (1935) and _Secret Agent_. She also played Gail in _Honeymoon in Bali_ (1939).

Carroll was born in West Bromwich, England. She died from pancreatic cancer at age 81 in Marbella, Spain.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Madeleine Carroll
- **image**: Madeleine Carroll Argentinean Magazine AD.jpg
- **caption**: Madeleine Carroll in 1939
- **birth place**: West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England, UK
- **death place**: Marbella, Spain
- **resting place**: Sant Antoni de Calonge
- **birth name**: Edith Madeleine Carroll
- **years active**: 1928–1955
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: Captain Phillip Astley (1931–1939)
Sterling Hayden (1942–1946)
Henri Lavorel (1946–1949)
Andrew Heiskell (1950–1965)
Gertrude Lawrence

**Gertrude Lawrence** (4 July 1898 – 6 September 1952) was an English actress, singer, dancer and musical theater performer. She appeared on stage in Broadway, New York City and West End, London.

Lawrence was in the children's play _Where the Rainbow Ends_. She also acted in _The King and I_. She won a Tony Award for that performance. In 1928–29 she starred in the stage play _Treasure Girl_.

Her best-known American movie role was in _The Glass Menagerie_. She played Amanda Wingfield, who had a southern American accent.

On 16 August 1952, Lawrence fainted backstage. The doctors said she was suffering from hepatitis.

Lawrence was born in London, England. She died from abdominal and liver cancer in New York City at age 54.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gertrude Lawrence
- **image**: File:Gertrude Lawrence 1947.jpg
- **caption**: Lawrence in 1947
- **birth name**: Gertrude Alice Dagmar Klasen
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: New York City, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1916–1951
- **spouse**: Francis Gordon-Howley
<small>(m.1917–1927; divorced)</small>
Richard Aldrich
<small>(m.1940–1952; her death)</small>