juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Homo antecessor

***Homo antecessor*** (Latin for "pioneer man") is an extinct human species that lived from around 1.2 million to 770,000 years ago. It is the first type of early human to reach Western Europe. Its scientific name is abbreviated as **_H. antecessor**._

## Fossils

The best-preserved _H. antecessor_ fossil is a maxilla (an upper jaw bone). It belonged to a 10-year-old individual found in Atapuerca, Spain. Eighty fossils from six individuals were found at the same site.

### Possible cannibalism

The bones from Spain had cuts on the bones created by flesh being cut from them. Many other _H. antecessor_ specimens were also cannibalised like this, perhaps for food or as a cultural practice.

## Description

_H. antecessor's_ brain was larger than that of _Homo erectus_, which came earlier in human evolution. Based on the anatomy of fossil skulls, scientists think _H. antecessor_ could hear the same range of sounds as modern humans and may have been right-handed.

_H. antecessor_ individuals were around 5.5 feet to 6 feet tall (1.6m - 1.8m). Males weighed around 200 pounds (90 kg).

_H. antecessor_ may have been broad-chested and rather heavy, much like Neanderthals. Its limbs were proportionally long, which is a trait more frequent in tropical populations.

The kneecaps are thin and have poorly developed tendon attachments. The feet indicate _H. antecessor_ walked differently from modern humans.

## Behavior

_H. antecessor_ made Oldowan style stone tools. These were simple pebble and flakes made out of quartz, chert, or other materials. Their tool-making industry was similar, but less complex than the Acheulean tool culture. Acheulean tool artifacts have been found in African and later European sites.

Groups may have sent hunting parties to kill deer in their savannah and mixed woodland environment. There is no evidence they were using fire, and they only lived in Iberia during warm periods, presumably retreating to the southern coast otherwise.

There is evidence that this species used basic language.

## Related pages

- Human timeline
Right Livelihood Award

The **Right Livelihood Award**, widely known as the **Alternative Nobel Prize**, is a major international award to honour those "working on practical and exemplary solutions to the most urgent challenges facing the world today". The prize was started in 1980 by Jakob von Uexkull, and is presented each year in early December. An international jury, invited by the five regular Right Livelihood Award board members, decides the awards in such fields as environmental protection, human rights, sustainable development, health, education, and peace. The prize money is shared among the winners, usually numbering four, and is EUR 200,000.

The prize has been awarded to a diverse group of people and organisations, including Mycle Schneider, Amory Lovins, Astrid Lindgren, Bianca Jagger, Memorial, Mordechai Vanunu, and Petra Kelly.
Dorothy Wise

**Dorothy Wise** (1914–1995) is an American professional pool player. She was born in Spokane, Washington. When she first started playing pool professionally, there were very few national tournaments for women. She won many local and state tournaments, so she called herself the world champion. The first national tournament for women happened in 1967. She won and kept winning for the next five years. She lost the title in 1972. She played in the final against 13-year-old Jean Balukas.

She became a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame in 1981. She was the first woman to be made a member.

Dorothy learned to play pool from her husband, Jimmy Wise. He managed billiard parlors (where people play pool) in several cities around the western United States. He watched Dorothy win the first national championship in 1967, but died later that year.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Dorothy Wise
- **nickname**: "Cool Hand" Dorothy
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **residence**: Redwood City, California
- **birth date**: 1914
- **birth place**: Spokane, Washington
- **death date**: 1995 (aged 80)
- **spouse**: Jimmy Wise
- **country**: United States
- **sport**: Pool (cue sports), Pool
- **nationals**: Champion, United States Open (1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971)
- **updated**: 3 August 2013
Joe Balsis

**Joe Balsis** was an American professional pool player. He was born in Minnersville, Pennsylvania. He was Armed Services Champion in 1944. Between 1965 and 1975 Balsis was in the finals of the U.S. Open five times. He won in 1968 and 1974. He won the Billiard Room Proprietor's Association tournament in 1965 and the World All-Around championship in Johnston City, Illinois in 1966. He is a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame.
Rudolph Wanderone

**Rudolf Walter Wanderone** (né **Wanderon Jr.**; January 19, 1913 – January 15, 1996), popularly known as **Minnesota Fats** or **New York Fats**,  was an American professional pool player. He never won a world championship.

His first nickname was "Brooklyn Fats" and then "New York Fats." Wanderone named himself "Minnesota Fats" after the character in the movie _The Hustler_. Wanderone was the host of a national television show, "Celebrity Billiards," during the 1960s. He is a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rudolf "Minnesota Fats" Wanderone, Jr.
- **image**: Erich Hagenlocher 01.jpg
- **birth date**: January 19, 1913
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **other names**: Minnesota Fats
New York Fats
Broadway Fats
Chicago Fats
Double-Smart
Triple-Smart Fats
- **occupation**: Pocket billiards, Pool Hustling, hustler
- **nationality**: American
Steve Mizerak

**Steve Mizerak** (October 12, 1944, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, USA – May 29, 2006) was an American professional pool player. He was a world champion during the 1970s and early 1980s. He won the U.S. Open four times: each year from 1970 to 1973. He also won the PPPA World Open title in 1982 and 1983. In 1986, he was in the movie _The Color of Money_. He is a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame.
Gelug

The **Gelug** or **Gelug-pa**, is a school of Tibetan Buddhism founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), a philosopher and Tibetan religious leader. The first monastery he established was at Ganden, and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the head of the school renowned as Ganden Throne Holder, though its most famous person is the Dalai Lama. There are others Gelug Masters, like Trijang Rinpoche and Ling Rinpoche.

Tsongkhapa was a big promoter of the Kadampa (Bka'-gdams-pa) teachings and the mahāyāna principle of universal compassion as the fundamental spiritual orientation. He combined this with a strong emphasis on the cultivation of in-depth insight into the doctrine of emptiness as taught by the Indian masters Nāgārjuna (2nd century) and Candrakīrti (7th century). Tsongkhapa said that these two aspects of the spiritual path, compassion and insight into wisdom, must be rooted in a big wish for liberation driven by a genuine sense of renunciation. He called these the "Three Principal Aspects of the Path", and said that it is on the basis of these three that one must embark on the profound path of vajrayāna Buddhism.

The central teachings of the Gelug School are the Stages of the Path (_lamrim_), based on the teachings of the Indian master Atiśa (c. 11th century) and the systematic cultivation of the view of emptiness. This is combined with the yogas of highest yoga tantra deities such as Guhyasamāja, Cakrasaṃvara, Yamāntaka and Kālacakra, where the key focus is the direct experience of the union of bliss and emptiness.
Audie Murphy

**Audie Leon Murphy** (June 20, 1925 in Kingston, Hunt County, Texas – May 28, 1971 in Brush Mountain near Roanoke, Virginia), was an American actor and soldier who fought during World War II. He was given the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Murphy was of Irish descent. His was the son of Berry Emmett Murphy and Josie Bell Killian. He grew up on farms near Farmersville and Greenville, Texas. When his father left the family, Audie stopped his studies at primary school in fifth grade to help support his family.

Murphy joined the Army in 1942. His first assignment was being sent to Morocco as a replacement in the 3rd Platoon in 1943. Audie Murphy was very good in several battles. In Italy, his abilities as a combat infantryman earned him promotions and decorations for his heroism. After being wounded in combat, Murphy was removed from the battlefield and promoted to Lieutenant. The Lieutenant General Alexander Patch, commander of the Army, gave him the Medal of Honour. Audie Murphy also received 33 U.S. medals for his courage and heroism in battle.

## Career

Audie Murphy began his acting career in 1948, in the comedy movie _Texas, Brooklyn & Heaven_. It was directed by William Castle. Murphy has been one of the best known Hollywood actors in westerns movies. He played the role the legendary "Billy the Kid" in _The Kid from Texas_ (1950) directed by Kurt Neumann, and then playing another legend Jesse James in _Kansas Raiders_ (1950), by Ray Enright. His greatest successes were Westerns was _The Duel at Silver Creek_ (1952), by Don Siegel, _Gunsmoke_ (1953) and _Drums Across the River_ (1954) directed by Nathan Juran, _Destry_ (1954) and _The Guns of Fort Petticoat_ (1957) directed by George Marshall, _Night Passage_ (1957) with James Stewart, _The Unforgiven_ (1960) with Burt Lancaster, _Gunfight at Comanche Creek_ (1963) one of his best movies. Murphy also had a television series _Whispering Smith_ (1961). In it he played the role of Tom 'Whispering' Smith, for 26 episodes of the TV Western.

Another of his great works for the movies were war movies, such as _To Hell and Back_ (1955) by Jesse Hibbs. It was a biography of his story during World War II.

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

## References

- Audie Murphy: War Hero and Movie Star by Judy Alter
- Daily Reading Activities: Winter, by Remedia Publications

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Audie Murphy
- **image**: Audie Murphy.jpg
- **caption**: Murphy wearing the U.S. Army khaki "Class A" (tropical service) uniform with full-size medals, 1948
- **birth place**: Kingston, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: 14 nautical miles northwest of Roanoke, Virginia, U.S.
- **placeofburial**: Arlington National Cemetery
- **allegiance**: United States
- **signature**: Signature Audie Murphy.svg
- **signature size**: 150px
- **signature alt**: Audie Murphy
6-plus-6-instruments

**6-plus-6-instruments** are musical instruments having each 12 tones. Their keys or cords are in two rows. In each row the tone distance is a whole-tone distance. The distance between both rows is a half-tone distance. So there is the same fingering in all 6 scales where the base tone is in the same row. If there is a third row, which is the same like the first row, there is the same fingering in all 12 scales, e. g. on a piano with a Janko keyboard.
Belper

**Belper** is a town on the A6 road, in Derbyshire, England. In 2001 there were 20,548 people living in Belper.
Oakham

**Oakham** is a town in Rutland, England. In 2001 there were 9,975 people living in Oakham.
Melton Mowbray

**Melton Mowbray** is a town in Leicestershire, England. Its Market days date back over 1000 years.
Sleaford

**Sleaford** is a town in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001, 14,494 people lived in Sleaford.
Coalville

**Coalville** is a town in the district of North West Leicestershire, in the East Midlands of England. In  the 2011 census, 34,575 people lived there. The town is on the A511 between Leicester and Burton upon Trent. It is close to junction 22 of the M1 motorway where the A511 meets the A50 between Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Leicester. The town borders Charnwood Forest.

Coalville is a Sister City with Romans-sur-Isère in southeastern France.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Coalville
- **static image name**: Clock tower, Coalville - geograph.org.uk - 213200.jpg
- **static image caption**: Memorial Square and Clocktower
- **population**: 37,661
- **shire district**: North West Leicestershire
- **population demonym**: Coalvillian
- **shire county**: Leicestershire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **constituency westminster**: North West Leicestershire (UK Parliament constituency), North West Leicestershire
- **post town**: COALVILLE
- **postcode district**: LE67
- **postcode area**: LE
- **dial code**: 01530
- **os grid reference**: SK4213
Rugeley

**Rugeley** (pronounced _Rooj-lee_) is a market town in Staffordshire, England. It is 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north of the cathedral city of Lichfield and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) southeast of Stafford, the county town. The 2011 census revealed that just over 24,000 people live in Rugeley.

It is on the north-eastern edge of Cannock Chase and is next to the River Trent.

The Trent & Mersey Canal flows through the town.

Although the town is in Staffordshire, it is in the Walsall postcode area, a town in the West Midlands, and the WS15 postcode district.

The town has two railway stations, Rugeley Town and Rugeley Trent Valley. Rugeley Trent Valley is on the West Coast Main Line and provides long-distance trains to London, Birmingham and Crewe. Rugeley Town is on the Chase Line and provides direct local trains to Walsall and Birmingham.

Rugeley used to have its own newspaper, the _Rugeley Times_. It was published from Bow Street in the town. However, the paper was sold to the Staffordshire Newsletter.

## Twinning

Rugeley is twinned with:
- Western Springs, Illinois, U.S.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Rugeley
- **country**: England
- **region**: Staffordshire
- **static image name**: St._Augustine's_Church_Rugeley.jpg
- **static image caption**: St Augustine's Church, Rugeley
- **static image alt**: St Augustine's Church in Rugeley, Staffordshire
- **population**: 24,033
- **os grid reference**: SK042180
- **map alt**: A map of the county of Staffordshire, with a red dot showing the position of the town of Rugeley
- **label position**: left
- **post town**: RUGELEY
- **postcode area**: WS
- **postcode district**: WS15
- **dial code**: 01889
- **constituency westminster**: Cannock Chase (UK Parliament constituency), Cannock Chase
- **unitary england**: Cannock Chase District, Cannock Chase
- **lieutenancy england**: Staffordshire
Swaffham

**Swaffham** is a town on the A1065 road in Breckland District, Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,935 people living in Swaffham.
Cromer

**Cromer** is a town in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 7,749 people living in Cromer.
Bridlington

**Bridlington** is a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 33,837 people living in Bridlington.
Wicki-Hayden note layout

In music, the **Wicki-Hayden note layout** has the same advantage over the traditional keyboard layout as the 6-plus-6-system: There is the same fingering in all 12 scales. It is used for the Hayden duet concertina. Kaspar Wicki patented it in 1896 in Switzerland.  Brian Hayden, a concertina player, refined this layout and patented it again in 1986 in Great Britain.
Concertina

A **concertina** is a musical instrument that makes sounds using air pushed and pulled through reeds using a bellows. The fingers push buttons at both ends of the instrument.

The **Anglo concertina** has the bass notes at the left side and makes other tones pushing than pulling a button.

The **English concertina** makes the same tone pushing and pulling a button.

The **duet concertinas** have the bass notes at the left side and make the same tone pushing and pulling a button.
The **Hayden duet concertina** has the same fingering for all scales. It has a shifted 6-plus-6 keyboard layout.

## Related pages

- Bandoneon

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Concertina
- **image**: Anglo-concertina-40button.jpg
- **classification**: Keyboard instrument, Keyboard
- **range**: depends on model
- **related**: Accordion
Army of the Pharaohs

**Army of the Pharaohs** is a hip-hop supergroup from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The supergroup was formed in 1998 by Jedi Mind Tricks' Vinnie Paz. Currently the group has 15 members.

## Members

- Current
- Apathy
- Block McCloud
- Celph Titled
- Crypt the Warchild
- Demoz
- Des Devious
- Doap Nixon
- Esoteric
- King Magnetic
- Jus Allah
- Journalist
- King Syze
- Planetary
- Reef the Lost Cauze
- Vinnie Paz

- Former
- 7L
- Virtuoso
- Bahamadia
- Chief Kamachi
- Faez One
- Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind

### Studio albums

- _The Torture Papers_ (2006)
- _Ritual of Battle_ (2007)
- _The Unholy Terror_ (2010)

### EP's

- _The Five Perfect Exertions EP_ (1998)

### Mixtapes/Compilations

- _Rare Shit, Collabos and Freestyles_ (Compilation) (2003)
- _The Bonus Papers_ (Mixtape) (2006)
- _After Torture There's Pain_ (Mixtape) (2007)

## Other websites

- Army of the Pharaohs Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Army of the Pharaohs
- **img**: ArmyofthePharaohs.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **img capt**: The original members of Army of the Pharaohs.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: AOTP
- **origin**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, USA
- **genre**: Hip-hop
- **years active**: – _present_
- **label**: Babygrande Records, Babygrande
Enemy Soil
- **associated acts**: Jedi Mind Tricks, Demigodz, 7L & Esoteric, QD
- **current members**: Apathy (rapper), Apathy
Block McCloud
Celph Titled
Crypt the Warchild
Demoz
Des Devious
Doap Nixon
7L & Esoteric, Esoteric
King Magnetic
Jus Allah
Journalist (rapper), Journalist
King Syze
Planetary
Reef the Lost Cauze
Vinnie Paz (rapper), Vinnie Paz
- **past members**: 7L & Esoteric, 7L
Virtuoso
Bahamadia
Chief Kamachi
Faez One
Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind
Skullcandy

**Skullcandy** is an American company. It makes headphones and earphones. Skullcandy is a privately held company. It is based in Park City, Utah. It was founded in 2003 by Rick Alden.

Skullcandy sponsors professional athletes in snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, wakeboarding, motocross, and biking. They are partners with the X Games, Zumiez Couch Tour, South by Southwest, and the Vans Warped Tour.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Skullcandy Inc.
- **type**: Private
- **founder**: Rick Alden
- **industry**: Sound recording and reproduction, Audio
- **products**: Headphones
Audio equipment, audio accessories
- **brands**: Authentic design Andi Nugraha
- **revenue**: $266.3 million (2015)
- **foundation**: 2003
- **location**: Park City, Utah
Amor Prohibido

***Amor Prohibido*** () is the name of Selena's fifth studio album. _Amor Prohibido_ is known as one of the biggest-selling Latin album of all time, being certified by the RIAA for shipping 2 million copies. The album had four number-one singles on the _Billboard_ Hot Latin Tracks chart, the only Spanish album by a female to do so.

## Personnel

- Chris Pérez, Henry Gomez - Guitar
- Rafael Garza, Rene Gasca - Trumpet
- Gilbert Garza- Trombone
- Johnny Saenz- Accordion
- Selena - Vocals
- Ricky Vela, Joe Ojeda - Keyboards
- A.B. Quintanilla III - Bass
- Suzette Quintanilla - Drums
- Stephanie Lynn- Background Vocals
- Rick Alvarez - Background Vocals
- Rock 'N' Roll James - Background Vocals

## Charts

**Album**
|Date|Chart|Position||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|May 6, 1995|U.S. _Billboard_ 200|align="center"|29|
|June 11, 1994|U.S. Latin Albums (_Billboard_)|align="center"|1|
|April 9, 1994|U.S. Mexican Regional Albums (_Billboard_)|align="center"|1|
|Abril 14, 1994|México Mexican Álbum Chart|align="center"|1|
|Junio 19, 1994|Argentine Albums Chart|align="center"|1|

## Certifications

<small>**Notes**</small>
<small>Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000.</small> In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.
|align="left"|Country|align="center"|Certification|align="center"|Sales|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|United States|align="center"|20x Platinum (Certification type: Latin)|align="center"|4,000,000+|
|align="left"|México|align="center"|2x Diamond|align="center"|2,000,000+|
|align="left"|Argentina|align="center"|Diamond|align="center"|500,000|
|align="left"|España|align="center"|4x Platinum|align="center"|400.000|
|align="left"|Chile|align="center"|Platinum|align="center"|6,000|

## Tour

The **Amor Prohibido Tour** was the final concert tour for American singer Selena. The tour grossed over $60 million. In February 1995, Selena performed at the Houston Astrodome. She performed to the record-breaking audience of over 60,000 fans. This was more than country singers such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Amor Prohibido
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Selena
- **released**: March 22, 1994 <small>(United States, US)</small>
- **recorded**: 1993-1994
- **genre**: Tejano music, Tejano, Latin Pop
- **length**: 32:37
- **label**: EMI Records
- **producer**: A.B. Quintanilla
- **prev title**: 17 Super Exitos
(1993)
- **next title**: 12 Super Exitos
(1994)
Milden

**Milden** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 106 people living in Milden. It has a church called St Peter.
Kersey

**Kersey** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 349 people living in Kersey. It also includes Kersey Tye, Kersey Upland, Wicker Street Green and William’s Green.

## Other websites

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Kersey
- **population**: 349
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TM002439
Newton, Suffolk

**Newton** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 497 people living in Newton.
Long Melford

**Long Melford** is a village and civil parish north of Sudbury in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 3,433 people living in Long Melford.
Lindsey

**Lindsey** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 187 people living in Lindsey.
Polstead

**Polstead** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 808 people living in Polstead. It is famous for the **Red Barn Murder** that happened there in 1827. It includes the hamlets of Mill Street, Polstead Heath, Hadleigh Heath, Bower House Tye and Whitestreet Green.

## Red Barn Murder

The Red Barn Murder was a murder (killing) that happened in Polstead in 1827. A man named William Corder shot his lover, Maria Marten. The Red Barn was a local landmark. Marten and Corder were going to meet at the barn and then elope to (run away and get married) Ipswich. Corder ran away to London and married another woman. He sent Marten's family letters that said that Maria was happy and healthy.

Maria Marten's mother had dreams about the murder. In the dreams, Maria's ghost pointed to where she was buried in the barn. On April 19, 1828, Maria's body was found in a sack (a bag) in a bin for holding grain. The London police found Corder and arrested him. They also found two pistols that he had bought the day of the murder.

The trial started on August 7, 1828. It was held at Shire Hall in Bury St Edmunds. William Corder was charged with killing Maria Marten by shooting and stabbing her. He was also charged with forgery. There were a total of 9 charges. He pleaded not guilty.

The jury deliberated for only 35 minutes. (_Deliberating_ is when the people in the jury talk and try to decide if the person is guilty or not guilty.) Corder was found guilty. He was sentenced to death by hanging. The judge ordered that after he was dead his body was to be dissected.

William Corder died on August 11, 1828 just before noon. He was hanged at the gallows in Bury St Edmunds. Many people showed up to see him die. One newspaper said there were 7,000 people who showed up. Another newspaper said there were 20,000. After he was dead, the body was taken back to the courtroom. More than 5,000 people came to the courtroom to see Corder's body. His body was dissected the next day. His skeleton was put on display in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In 2004, it was taken down and cremated.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Polstead
- **population**: 808
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **constituency westminster**: South Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency), South Suffolk
- **post town**: COLCHESTER
- **postcode district**: CO6
- **postcode area**: CO
- **dial code**: 01206
- **os grid reference**: TL991374
- **static image**: Church of St Mary - geograph.org.uk - 803800.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Church of St Mary, Polstead</small>
Great Waldingfield

**Great Waldingfield** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,457 people living in Great Waldingfield.
Little Waldingfield

**Little Waldingfield** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 350 people living in Little Waldingfield.
Assington

**Assington** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 371 people living in Assington.
Chelsworth

**Chelsworth** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, 146 people lived in Chelsworth.
Semer

**Semer** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 158 people living in Semer.
Raydon

**Raydon** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 487 people living in Raydon.
Freston, Suffolk

**Freston** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 122 people living in Freston.
Hintlesham

**Hintlesham** is a village and civil parish on the A1071 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 564 people living in Hintlesham.

## The church

The stairway to the roodloft in the south wall is one of the best preserved in the county. For about 350 years Hintlesham has been a joint parish with Chattisham whose church, St Margaret's, stands about a mile away, separated by a valley of meadows and woods.

## Hintlesham Hall

In August 1720 the hall was bought by Richard Powys, a Principal Clerk to The Treasury, and the Powys family lived there for nearly 30 years, after which it was sold to the lawyer Richard Lloyd, a future solicitor-general, and passed down through his descendants until the early 1900s.

In 1972 the hall was bought by chef Robert Carrier for £32,000 () and was restored. The business was later owned by the hotelier and broadcaster Ruth Watson and her husband. Today the hall is operated as a country-house hotel.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Hintlesham
- **country**: England
- **region**: East of England
- **population**: 609
- **population ref**: (2011 Census)
- **post town**: Ipswich
- **postcode area**: IP
- **postcode district**: IP8
- **shire district**: Babergh District, Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **hide services**: Yes
- **static image name**: Driveway to Hintlesham Hall - geograph.org.uk - 472463.jpg
- **static image caption**: Hintlesham Hall
Higham, Babergh

**Higham** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 132 people living in Higham.
Cliburn

**Cliburn** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 204 people living in Cliburn. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.

## Other websites

- http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/location.php?url=cliburn
Hitcham, Suffolk

**Hitcham** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 596 people living in Hitcham.
Morland

**Morland** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 380 people living in Morland.
Bildeston

**Bildeston** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,011 people living in Bildeston.
Aldham

**Aldham** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2005, there were 200 people living in Aldham.  It is around eight miles west of Ipswich.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: Aldham-g3.jpg
- **static image caption**: Aldham St Mary church
- **official name**: Aldham
- **population**: 200
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **post town**: Ipswich
- **postcode district**: IP7
- **postcode area**: IP
- **os grid reference**: TM0445
Little Cornard

**Little Cornard** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 305 people living in Little Cornard.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image**: Little Cornard All Saints church - geograph.org.uk - 1916631.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>All Saints Church</small>
- **official name**: Little Cornard
- **country**: England
- **region**: East of England
- **post town**: SUDBURY
- **postcode area**: CO
- **postcode district**: CO10
- **dial code**: 01787
- **civil parish**: Little Cornard
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **population**: 305
- **population ref**: _(2001)_
Worldwatch Institute

The **Worldwatch Institute** is an environmental organization based in Washington, D.C.  It helps to tell people who make policy and the public about the world economy and the environment.

Worldwatch Institute publications include The State of the World report, which is about urgent global environmental problems and new ideas for fixing them.

## History

- 1974—The institute was founded by Lester Brown.
- 1975—The first _Worldwatch Paper_ was published.
- 1984—First State of the World published.
- 1988—_World Watch Magazine_ was launched.
- 1992—_Vital Signs_, Worldwatch's third annual series, was started.
- 2000—Christopher Flavin became President of Worldwatch in October.
- 2008—Worldwatch hosted the 20th Anniversary of the James Hansen hearings.
- 2011—Robert Engelman became President of Worldwatch in October.
Quantum gravity

**Quantum gravity** is an area of research in physics. Right now, physics can describe gravity of real-life-sized objects using general relativity. Physicists can also describe the universe on a microscopic scale with quantum mechanics. The goal of quantum gravity is to develop a theory that contains both general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, combining the theories of the big and the small is very difficult in practice.

Physicists are working on several ways to write down a theory of quantum gravity. One approach is to search for a unified field theory. Physicists also try to develop theories at an even more fundamental level, like string theory, loop quantum gravity, or other methods, to find out why our current theories of gravity and quantum mechanics cannot be combined.
M5 (Sydney)

**M5**, formerly **Metroad 5** is a road. It is 47km long. It starts from Campbelltown at the Narellan Road (**A9**) interchange and ends at General Holmes Drive near Sydney Airport. The suburbs M5 passes include Liverpool and Campbelltown. The South Western Motorway and the M5 Freeway are part of the metroad. Some of the exits are Campbelltown Road, Westlink M7 (**M7**), Hume Highway, Moorebank Avenue, Heathcote Road, Henry Lawson Drive, The River Road, Fairford Road (**A6**), Belmore Road, King Georges Road (**A3**) and Marsh Street. The M5 East Freeway Tunnel is a major tunnel in M5.
Wonderama

***Wonderama*** was a long-running children's television program. It appeared on Metromedia-owned stations from 1955 to 1986. The show was made at  WNEW-TV in New York City.

_Wonderama_ also was run in five other markets in which Metromedia owned television stations, including WTTG in Washington D.C., KMBC-TV in Kansas City, KTTV in Los Angeles, WXIX-TV in Cincinnati and WTCN-TV in Minneapolis – Saint Paul. The show ran three hours long, and later two hours on Sunday mornings.

## Hosts

- Al Hodge (as Captain Video 1955 - 1956)
- Jon Gnagy (mid late 1950s)
- Sandy Becker (1955–56)
- Pat Meikle (co-hosting from 1955 to 1956)
- Herb Sheldon (1956–1958)
- Bill Britten (best known as New York's Bozo the Clown, co-host in 1958)
- Doris Faye (co-host in 1958)
- Sonny Fox (1959–1967)
- Bob McAllister (1967–1977)
- A documentary hosted by teens (1980–1985)

## The Bob McAllister years

Despite the frequent turnover of hosts throughout the 1950s, _Wonderama_ experienced its greatest viewership by way of one-time Baltimore kids' show host Bob McAllister, who replaced Sonny Fox as host in 1967 and remained host until 1977.

Each show's taping included _(but was not necessarily limited to)_ education, music, audience participation, games, interviews and cartoon shorts.
Each week, audience members received a package of parting gifts with some items, including:
- An Oral-B toothbrush
- An issue of Dynamite Magazine or Golden Magazine
- A supply of Good Humor ice cream
- A box of Hostess Twinkies
- A 6-pack of RC Cola
- A tube of Hold! cough lozenges
- A package of Fruit Stripe Gum
- A gift certificate for Burger King or McDonald's
- A pack of Lender's Bagelettes.
_(Each child also got a necklace made from a Lenders Bagelette which had either their name or their last initial painted on it.)_
- A 45 record of one of the music artists who performed on the Wonderama episode each week.

McAllister  sang the program's closing theme song. It was called _Kids Are People Too_ ("wacka-doo, wacka-doo, wacka-doo"). This later became the show's title when it moved to ABC on Sunday mornings.

Many stars from all genres of entertainment (music, movies, television, etc.) appeared on _Wonderama_, including:
- The Sylvers
- ABBA
- Jerry Lewis
- Jodie Foster
- Paul Lynde
- Muhammad Ali
- Joe Frazier
- José Feliciano
- The Jackson 5
- The cast of Monty Python
- The Amazing Randi
- Wolfman Jack
- Lena Zavaroni
- ..and numerous others.

## 1980 revival

Beginning in 1980, a documentary/magazine show for children (and hosted by teens) ran on Sunday mornings on WNEW-TV.  While this show maintained the _Wonderama_ title, the show itself was nothing like the kids festival that it once was.  This hour-long incarnation ran until 1983; reruns edited to 30 minutes aired from 1984 to 1986 on WNEW-TV/WNYW on Saturday mornings.

## Other websites

- YouTube Video of "Snake Cans" game.
- Metacafe Video of Ali vs. Frazier Marble championship.
Sonny Fox

**Irwin "Sonny" Fox** (June 17, 1925 – January 24, 2021) was an American television host, executive, and broadcasting consultant. He was the fourth full-time host of the children's television program, _Wonderama_.

Fox died on January 24, 2021 from COVID-19 in Los Angeles, aged 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sonny Fox
- **image**: Sonny-fox.jpg
- **caption**: Sonny Fox in 2018
- **birth name**: Irwin Fox
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Encino, Los Angeles, Encino, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Television host, executive and broadcasting consultant
- **known for**: Host of _Wonderama_
- **website**: https://www.sonnyfox.tv
Unsportsmanlike conduct

**Unsportsmanlike conduct** (or **unsporting behaviour**, or **ungentlemanly conduct**) describes a kind of action by professional sportspeople. It is when a player or team acts during the game in a way  that is not professional or is offensive. It is different to cheating or breaking the rules. Unsportsmanlike conduct is something most players and fans dislike. The official rules of many sports include a rule so that a referee can call unsportsmanlike conduct on a team or player. There may be a fine or penalty.
The Color of Money (movie)

***The Color of Money*** is a 1986 American sports drama movie about pool players. It was released in 1986. The movie stars Paul Newman, Tom Cruise, and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. Martin Scorsese was the director. It is the sequel to _The Hustler_. Newman won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, his first Oscar win after eight nominations, seven of them for Best Actor.
Love Will Tear Us Apart

"**Love Will Tear Us Apart**" is a song by the British post-punk band Joy Division. released in 1980 it is their most famous and well Known song by them

## Infobox (single)

- **name**: Love Will Tear Us Apart
- **cover**: Love will tear us apart2.jpg
- **artist**: Joy Division
- **b-side**: "These Days"
- **released**: April 1980 (7")
 June 1980 (12")
- **recorded**: March 1980, Strawberry Studios, Stockport, England
- **genre**: Post-punk
- **length**: 3:18
- **label**: Factory Records, Factory
- **writer**: Bernard Sumner
 Peter Hook
 Stephen Morris (musician), Stephen Morris
Ian Curtis
- **producer**: Martin Hannett and Joy Division
Unknown Pleasures

***Unknown Pleasures*** is English post-punk band Joy Division's first album. It was released in 1979 through Factory Records. Martin Hannett produced the record at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, England

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Unknown Pleasures
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joy Division
- **released**: June 1979
- **recorded**: 1 – 17 April 1979 at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, England
- **genre**: *Post-punk
*gothic rock
- **length**: 39:24
- **label**: Factory Records, Factory
- **producer**: Martin Hannett
- **chronology**: Joy Division albums
- **next title**: Closer (Joy Division album), Closer
(1980)
Closer (Joy Division album)

***Closer*** is the second and final album by post-punk band Joy Division. It was released on , two months after the suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Closer
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joy Division
- **released**: 18 July 1980
- **recorded**: 18–30 March 1980 at Britannia Row Studios, Islington, London
- **genre**: Post-punk
- **length**: 44:16
- **label**: Factory Records, Factory
- **producer**: Martin Hannett
- **chronology**: Joy Division albums
- **prev title**: Unknown Pleasures
- **prev year**: 1979
Asphalt

**Asphalt**, or **bitumen**,  is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of petroleum.  It is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. It is the material which made the La Brea tar pits.

Its main use is in road construction. Mixed with "aggregate" (sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc.) it makes a good road surface. It has various other names: pitch, tarmac, blacktop, asphalt concrete, asphalt pavement (US), all mean roughly the same thing.

Asphalt which is liquid is often called tar. Tar is also used for plant resin. Solid asphalt is often called pitch.

Although  a block of asphalt or pitch can look like a solid, it still flows, but very slowly. There have been a few "pitch experiments" to see how long it takes for a drip to form and drop off a block of apparently solid pitch.

## Related pages

- Tar
Alpheton

**Alpheton** is a village and civil parish on the A134 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 242 people living in Alpheton.
Monks Eleigh

**Monks Eleigh** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 425 people living in Monks Eleigh.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch

**Ashby-de-la-Zouch** is a town and civil parish in Leicestershire, England. In 2001 there were 12,758 people living in Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
Beverley

**Beverley** is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 17,549 people living in Beverley.
Scunthorpe

**Scunthorpe** is a town near the M180 motorway and the M181 motorway in Lincolnshire, England. The ending of the name in _thorpe_ meaning _new village_ in Norse, show it was a Viking settlement.

Scunthorpe is often referred to as an Industrial Garden town.

Scunthorpe has a population of approximately 80,000 people.

Scunthorpe is famous for its steelworks.

The football team is called Scunthorpe United. https://www.scunthorpe-united.co.uk/
Downham Market

**Downham Market** is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,730 people living in Downham Market.
Robert Blake (actor)

**Robert Blake** (born **Michael James Vincenzo Gubitosi**; September 18, 1933 – March 9, 2023), was an American actor. In 1975, he won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

## Early life

Robert Blake was born Michael James Gubitosi in Nutley, New Jersey, on September 18, 1933. His family were entertainers. His family moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1938 to focus on their career.

Blake had an unhappy childhood in which he was abused by his alcoholic father. He said that he was physically and sexually abused by both of his parents while growing up. At age 14, he ran away from home.

## Career

Robert Blake began his acting career as a child in dozens short films as _Joy Scouts_ (1939), _Captain Spanky's Show Boat_ (1939), _The Big Premiere_ (1940), _Good Bad Boys_ (1940), and the Oscar-winning short film _Main Street on the March!_ (1941). As an adult, Blake he began to play small roles in films like _The Black Rose_ (1950) with Tyrone Power and  directed by Henry Hathaway, _The Veils of Bagdad_ (1953) with Victor Mature, _Three Violent People_ (1956) with Charlton Heston, _Pork Chop Hill_ (1959) with Gregory Peck. He also had a role in _The Greatest Story Ever Told_ (1965), playing the role of Simon the Zealot. Robert Blake shot to fame when playing Perry in the film _In Cold Blood_ (1967) based on the book by Truman Capote, and directed by Richard Brooks. Another performance was playing a deranged police officer motorized in _Electra Glide in Blue_ (1973) for this film Blake was nominated for a Golden Globe.

## Television

Robert Blake has had a long and successful career in television. His great works include _Baretta_ as Det. Tony Baretta. Robert Blake played for 82 episodes broadcast between 1975 and 1978. Blake won a prestigious Emmy Award in 1975 and was nominated again in 1977 and also won Golden Globe in 1975 for _Baretta_.

Another of his works on television was his portrayal of James Riddle 'Jimmy' Hoffa in _Blood Feud_ (1983) directed by Mike Newell, for which he was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe in 1983. One of his last television appearances was in _Judgment Day: The John List Story_ (1993) directed by Bobby Roth, he plays the true story of a religious fanatic who kills his family. This role was one of his best performances and earned him a nomination for an Emmy in 1993.

## Murder trial

In March 2005, Blake was tried and acquitted of the 2001 murder of his second wife, Bonnie Lee Bakley. In November 2005, he was found liable in a California civil court for her wrongful death.

## More readings

- _LIFE_ 12 January 1968
- _Stephen J. Cannell Television Productions: A History of All Series and Pilots_ by Jon Abbott

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Blake
- **image**: Robert Blake Baretta 1977.JPG
- **caption**: Blake in 1977
- **birth name**: Michael James Gubitosi
- **birth place**: Nutley, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1939–1997
Bourne

**Bourne** is a town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 11,933 people living in Bourne.
Edenbridge

**Edenbridge** is a town and civil parish in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 7,808 people living in Edenbridge.
Newby

**Newby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 164 people living in Newby.
Colby, Cumbria

**Colby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 120 people living in Colby.
Long Marton

**Long Marton** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 704 people living in Long Marton.
Kirkby Thore

**Kirkby Thore** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 731 people living in Kirkby Thore.
Foxearth

**Foxearth** is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 303 people living in Foxearth.
East Grinstead

**East Grinstead** is a town          and civil parish in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 23,942 people living in East Grinstead. It is the home town of the 1990s pop group Right Said Fred. It is on the Meridian Line.
Petworth

**Petworth** is a town and civil parish in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 2,775 people living in Petworth.
Evesham

**Evesham** is a town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England. In 2001 there were 22,304 people living in Evesham. There are many coffee shops and a wonderful park the locals keep tidy.
Diss

**Diss** is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,917 people living in Diss.
Frome

**Frome** is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 24,510 people living in Frome.
Wincanton

**Wincanton** is a town near the A303 road in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 4,639 people living in Wincanton.
Coordination complex

A **coordination complex** are molecular compounds which are formed by the combination of two or more simple salt and which retain their identity in solid as well as in aqueous form.

Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2025 for study on coordination chemistry and metal-organic flamework.

## Related pages

- Coordination bonds
Denis Diderot

**Denis Diderot** (; 5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a known figure during the Enlightenment. He is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the _Encyclopédie_ along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. Born into a noble, Catholic family, in later years he rebelled, becoming an Atheist.

Diderot died from pulmonary thrombosis in Paris, aged 70.

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **region**: Western philosophy
- **era**: 18th-century philosophy
- **color**: #B0C4DE
- **image**: Denis Diderot 111.PNG
- **caption**: Diderot, by Louis-Michel van Loo, 1767.
- **name**: Denis Diderot
- **birth place**: Langres, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **school tradition**: Encyclopédistes
- **main interests**: Fatalism, atheism, political philosophy, materialism, determinism
- **signature**: Denis Diderot signature.svg
2 Baruch

**2 Baruch** is a text that was written in the late first century, or the early second century CE. It was  probably written after the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, in 70 CE, and before the second Roman-Jewish War, 132-135 CE. It is attributed to Baruch ben Neriah and is included in some editions of the Old Testament and the Peshitta, but neither Jews nor Christians regard it as scripture. The Syrian Orthodox Church includes it in the Bible. The text has 87 sections and is also known as **Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch** and **Letter of Baruch to the Nine and a Half Tribes**.
Northbourne

**Northbourne** is a village and civil parish near Deal in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 793 people living in Northbourne.
Huntshaw

**Huntshaw** is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 120 people living in Huntshaw.
East Bergholt

**East Bergholt** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2,689 people living in East Bergholt.
West Bergholt

**West Bergholt** is a village and civil parish in Colchester district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3,294 people living in West Bergholt.
Wormingford

**Wormingford** is a village and civil parish in Colchester district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 459 people living in Wormingford.
Civil parish

A **civil parish** is a type of local government. In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation and lowest tier of local government.

## Other websites

- National Association of Local Councils (UK)
Stanstead, Suffolk

**Stanstead** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 316 people living in Stanstead.
Cavendish, Suffolk

**Cavendish** is a village and civil parish in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 922 people living in Cavendish.
Belstead

**Belstead** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 189 people living in Belstead.
Rose Green

**Rose Green** is a hamlet in Lindsey, Babergh, Suffolk, England.

Rose Green has five listed buildings.
- A barn owned by Mr D Nesbitt
- Chapel Farmhouse
- Chapel of St James
- A cottage
- White Rose Inn