juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Medway

**Medway** (commonly called the **Medway Towns**) is a large urban area in North Kent. It is made up of 5 towns: Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham. It is named after the River Medway. As of 2019 it has 278,016 people.

## Other websites

- Medway Council
- Archive Images
- Detailed history of the Medway Towns
- Chatham's World Heritage Site application
- Medway's UK City of Culture 2025 bid

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Medway
- **settlement type**: Unitary authorities of England, Unitary authority area and Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough
- **image shield**: CoA of Medway.svg
- **shield size**: 100px
- **image map**: Medway UK locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Shown within Kent
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Countries of the United Kingdom, Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name2**: South East England
- **subdivision type3**: Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name3**: Kent
- **subdivision type4**: Status
- **subdivision name4**: Unitary authority
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1 April 1998
- **seat type**: Admin HQ
- **seat**: Gun Wharf, Chatham, Kent, Chatham
- **government type**: Unitary authority
- **governing body**: Medway Council
- **leader party**: Labour and Co-operative Party, Labour Co-op
- **leader title**: Leadership
- **leader name**: Leader & Cabinet
- **leader title1**: Mayor of Medway, Mayor
- **leader name1**: Cllr Marian Nestorov
- **leader title3**: Deputy Mayor
- **leader name3**: Cllr Douglas Hamandishe
- **leader title4**: Council Leader
- **leader name4**: Cllr Vince Maple
- **leader title2**: List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election, MPs
- **area total km2**: 192.03
- **area rank**: List of English districts by area, (of )
- **population rank**: List of English districts by population, (of )
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021 United Kingdom census, 2021)</span>
- **demographics1 title1**: Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom, Ethnic groups
- **demographics type2**: Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
- **demographics2 title1**: Religion in England, Religion
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT
- **utc offset**: 0
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time, BST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank1 info**: 00LC (ONS) E06000035 (GSS)
- **blank2 name**: Ordnance Survey National Grid, OS grid reference
Karhu

**Karhu** (in english "The Bear") is Finnish brand of beer. It is the most popular beer in Finland. Its history begins in 1920, in Pori. Production of Karhu stopped in the early 1930s, but continued again from 1958.

## Products

- Karhu III (4,6 %), launched 1961
- Karhu A (5,4 %)
- Tosi Vahva Karhu (Very Strong Bear) (8%), launched 1999
- Karhu III, 1 litran tölkki (4,6 %)
- Karhu Tumma (Dark Bear) I ( 2.8%)
- Karhu Ruis ( 4.6% / 6,0%)

## Other websites

- website
Kruskal's algorithm

**Kruskal's algorithm** is a greedy algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree in a weighted, undirected graph. Joseph Kruskal first described it in 1956:

In this case, the shortest edge is the one with the lowest weight.

## Example

Download the example data.

|Image|Description|
| --- | --- |
||**AD** and **CE** are the shortest edges, with length 5, and **AD** has been arbitrarily chosen, so it is highlighted.|
||**CE** is now the shortest edge that does not form a cycle, with length 5, so it is highlighted as the second edge.|
||The next edge, **DF** with length 6, is highlighted using much the same method.|
||The next-shortest edges are **AB** and **BE**, both with length 7. **AB** is chosen arbitrarily, and is highlighted. The edge **BD** has been highlighted in red, because there already exists a path (in green) between **B** and **D**, so it would form a cycle (**ABD**) if it were chosen.|
||The process continues to highlight the next-smallest edge, **BE** with length 7. Many more edges are highlighted in red at this stage: **BC** because it would form the loop **BCE**,  **DE** because it would form the loop **DEBA**, and **FE** because it would form **FEBAD**.|
||Finally, the process finishes with the edge **EG** of length 9, and the minimum spanning tree is found.|
Gillingham, Kent

**Gillingham** is a large town in Medway, North Kent. It has around 105,000 people, and a football team, Gillingham F.C..

It also has a railway station, Gillingham railway station.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Gillingham
- **unitary england**: Medway
- **lieutenancy england**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **country**: England
- **static image**: Mill Road, Gillingham, Kent, England - 25 January 2008.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Mill Road, Gillingham</small>
- **population**: 99,773
- **population ref**: (2001 census)
- **constituency westminster**: Gillingham and Rainham (UK Parliament constituency), Gillingham and Rainham
- **post town**: GILLINGHAM
- **postcode area**: ME
- **postcode district**: ME7
- **dial code**: 01634
- **os grid reference**: TQ775675
- **london distance**: 35.6mi
Koff

**Koff** is Finnish brand of beer. Koff is one of the most popular beers in Finland. It is made by Sinebrychoffs, a Finnish company that advertices lager beers.

## Products

- Koff I (2,5 %)
- Koff III (4,5 %)
- Koff IVA (5,2 %)
- Koff Extra Brew III (4,5 %)
- Koff Extra Brew IV (5,2 %)
- Koff Lite (4,2 %)

## Other websites

- Koff.fi
Olvi

**Olvi** is Finnish brand of beer. Olvi is mostly made from Finnish ingredients, besides _Humulus lupulus_, which is from Bavaria.

## Other websites

- The Olvi web site
Lapin Kulta

**Lapin Kulta** is Finnish, Hartwalls brand of beer. Traditionally it's been made in Tornio but 2010 production moved to Lahti.

## Products

- Lapin Kulta I
- Lapin Kulta III
- Lapin Kulta IVA (5,2 %)
- Lapin Kulta Long Neck
- Lapin Kulta Tuisku

## Other websites

- Lapin Kulta
A Werewolf Boy

***A Werewolf Boy*** is a South Korean fantasy romance movie. It did well at the box office in 2012. The movie has been a huge box-office success by drawing audiences totaling 6,600,000 people in less than two months. The movie's lyrical atmosphere and the performance of the stars caught audiences’ eyes.

## Plot

The movie starts with a flashback told by a grandmother, Suni. When a girl, Suni, lived in an isolated mountain village for her recuperation in 1965. A boy who looks like a beggar suddenly appeared. Nobody knows his origin, his family and how old he is. He cannot speak. He only growls like an aniimal. At first, Suni and can't get used to his strange behavior such as eating food with his hands ravenously. They grow fond of him gradually, so they named the boy Chulsu.

Jitae, who is a landlord of the house Suni is living, loves her. He begrudges Chulsu being close to Suni. With experts and old documents, Jitae found out that Chulsu was one of the abandoned children in the Korean war. Now he is a kind of werewolf boy. He is genetically modified by a scientist to make a more powerful soldier. Jitae slandered Chulsu because Chulsu has extreme strength unlike a normal human being. His body temperature is 46 degrees Celsius. Because of Jitae’s lies, people try to kill Chul-su to protect themselves. Suni decides to leave the village to keep him from being injured.

After 47 years, when Suni visits the village to sell the house, she sees Chulsu again. She is moved by his long waiting. Chulsu reads a fairy tale book to Suni which they promised to read together 47 years ago. However, she has to leave him again and return to America. She leaves a message "Wait for me." again as she did when she was young. Chulsu waits for her believing that she will come back again someday.

## Cast

The main actor, Song Joong-ki is a famous Korean actor. He achieves popularity through various kinds of movies and dramas. For example, _SungKyunKwan Scandle_, _Deep-rooted tree_, _The innocent Man_ and _Hearty Paws 2_. The main actress, Park Bo-young, is also a widely loved actress who made a big name through the movie _Speedy Scandle_. Both of them rose to more fame with the movie _A Werewolf Boy_.

## Music

"My prince", song by Park Bo-young

This is the song Suni sings to the accompaniment of a guitar for Chulsu in the movie. By seeing her singing mellifluously, Chulsu fell in love with her.

## Other websites

- Official site of the movie _A Werewolf Boy_
- Official site in English

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: A Werewolf Boy
- **director**: Jo Sung-hee
- **producer**: Kim Su-jin
 Yu in-beom
 Jeong Tae-seong
- **writer**: Jo Sung-hee
- **starring**: Song Joong-ki
 Park Bo-young
- **music**: Shim Hyun-jung
- **cinematography**: Choi Sang-muk
- **editing**: Nam Na-yeong
- **studio**: Bidangil Pictures
- **distributor**: CJ Entertainment
- **runtime**: 122 minutes
- **country**: South Korea
- **language**: Korean
Harnai District

**Harnai District** () is a district in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan.
Chilevisión

**Chilevisión**, whose letters stand for **Red de Televisión Chilevisión**, is a Chilean television network.

## Programs

|Program|TV Presenters/Actors|
| --- | --- |
|_Chilevisión Noticias Matinal_||
|_La mañana_||
|''Chilevisión Noticias Tarde||
|_Chilevisión Noticias Central_||
|_Primer plano_||

### Previous programs

|Program|TV Presenters/Actors|
| --- | --- |
|_SQP_|Julio César Rodríguez|
|_La jueza_|Carmen Gloria Arroyo|
|_Sin vergüenza_|Karol Dance, Faloon Larraguibel, Constanza Mengotti and Camilo Huerta|
|_Tolerancia Cero_|Matías del Río|
|_Última Mirada_|Matías del Río|
|_Hazme Reír_|Antonio Vodanovic|
|_Lo que callamos las mujeres_ <small>(TV Series from Chilevisión)</small> || Eva Gómez Actors by episodes||
|_Graduados_ <small>(Telenovela from Chilevisión)</small> || Marcial Tagle, Fernanda Urrejola, Ricardo Fernández, Elvira Cristi, Pedro Campos and Carolina Meštrović||
|_Sin Senos no hay Paraíso_ <small>(Telenovela from Telemundo)</small> || Carmen Villalobos||
|_Infieles_ <small>(TV Series from Chilevisión)</small> || Actors by episodes||
|_Quiero Un Cambio_|Francisca García-Huidobro|
|_En La Mira_|Macarena Pizarro|
|_El Club de la Comedia_ <small>(Stand-up from Chilevisión)</small> || Pedro Ruminot, Sergio Freire, Alison Mandel, María José León, Rodrigo Salinas, José Miguel Flores, Pato Pimienta and Fabrizio Copano||
|_Pasión de Gavilanes_ <small>(Telenovela from RTI Colombia, Telemundo and Caracol Televisión)</small> || Mario Cimarro, Danna García, Alfonso Baptista, Michel Brown, Paola Rey and Natasha Klauss||
|_¡Salta si puedes!_|Rafael Araneda and Carolina de Moras|
|_Family Guy_ <small>(Animated TV series from FOX)</small> || Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, Mila Kunis, Mike Henry, Patrick Warburton, Jennifer Tilly, Butch Hartman, Lacey Chabert and Tara Strong||
|_Falling Skies_ <small>(TV series from TNT)</small> || Noah Wyle, Moon Bloodgood, Drew Roy, Connor Jessup, Jessy Schram, Maxim Knight, Seychelle Gabriel, Peter Shinkoda, Mpho Koaho, Sarah Carter, Colin Cunningham and Will Patton||
|_Baila! Al ritmo de un sueño_|Cristián Sánchez|
|_Rosario_ <small>(Telenovela from Venevisión)</small> || Guy Ecker and Lorena Rojas||
|_La Sexóloga_ <small>(Telenovela from Chilevisión)</small> || Isidora Urrejola, Álvaro Morales, Tiago Correa, Claudia Di Girólamo, Héctor Noguera, Liliana Ross, Malucha Pinto and Roberto Vander||
|_Corazón valiente_ <small>(Telenovela from Telemundo)</small> || Adriana Fonseca and José Luis Reséndez||
|_Psíquicos_|Iván Núñez|
|_Yingo_|Karol Dance and Carolina Meštrović|
|_Amazonas_|Cristián Sánchez|

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Chilevisión
- **logo**: Chilevisión.svg
- **logo size**: 230px
- **type**: Free-to-air
Commercial broadcasting
Television network
- **country**: Chile
- **area**: Nationwide
- **headquarters**: Santiago, Chile
- **language**: Spanish
- **picture format**: 1080i High-definition television, HDTV
- **owner**: Paramount Global
- **terr serv 1**: Digital terrestrial television
Coloratura

**Coloratura** is a term meaning florid singing in which singers demonstrate great agility with their voices. Although often associated with light sopranos, it can apply to any voice type such as tenor, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, especially in the bel canto repertoire.
High intensity training

**High Intensity Training** (HIT) is a form of strength training popularized in the 1970s by Arthur Jones. HIT focuses on performing quality weight training repetitions to the point of momentary muscular failure. The training takes into account the number of repetitions, the amount of weight, and the amount of time the muscle is exposed to muscle tension in order to maximize the amount of muscle fiber recruitment.

## Other websites

- Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #1
- Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #2
- What is High Intensity Training?
Beth Hatefutsoth

The **Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora** (or "**Beth Hatefutsoth**") is an history and anthropology museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is dedicated to the Jewish communities around the world. The museum was established in 1978 after 10 years of building. The museum is a part of the Tel Aviv University campus and also has an educational center to study Jewish folklore. The museum is also a center to documenting and preserving the memory of Jews and Jewish families who have been killed or destroyed in anti-Semitic incidents.

## Other websites

- Museum of Jewish Diaspora - Beit Hatefusoth  at ilMuseums.com
- Tracing History in Israel - slideshow by _The New York Times_
International Institute for Terrorism Research

**International Institute for Terrorism Research** or **International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT)** is an international non-profit research center located in Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Israel. The center explores terrorism in Israel and around the world and organizes international meetings with politicians from around the world.

## Other websites

- International Institute for Terrorism Research
1923 Great Kantō earthquake

was a Japanese natural disaster in the Kantō region of the island of Honshū.  The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.  It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes.

This earthquake destroyed Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka. It caused widespread damage. About 140,000 people died.

## Related pages

- 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

## Other websites

- Great Kanto Earthquake photos
- Great Kanto earthquake at British Pathé
- Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 at Brown University
- USGS Earthquake Lists

## Infobox (earthquake)

- **title**: 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
- **timestamp**: 1923-09-01 02:58:35
- **anss-url**: iscgem911526
- **isc-event**: 911526
- **local-time**: 11:58:32 Japan Standard Time, JST (UTC+09:00)
- **duration**: 48 s  4 min
- **magnitude**: 7.9 8.0 8.2 Moment magnitude scale, M<sub>w</sub>
- **type**: Megathrust earthquake, Megathrust
- **countries affected**: Japan
- **intensity**: Mercalli intensity scale, XI (_Extreme_)
- **tsunami**: Up to
in Atami, Shizuoka, Atami, Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka, Tōkai region, Tōkai
- **landslide**: Yes
- **aftershocks**: 6 of 7.0 M or higher
- **casualties**: 105,385–142,800 deaths
Tom Daley

**Tom Daley** (born 21 May 1994) is an English diver. He was born in Plymouth, Devon. He mainly dives from the 10 metre platform, both on his own and in synchro (diving at the same time with another person). He became the World Champion at the age of 15 in 2009.

Daley went to the 2008 Summer Olympics where he was the youngest athlete for Britain. He also went to the 2012 Summer Olympics where he came third in the 10 metre platform event. He has won many other medals. For example, at the 2010 Commonwealth Games he won two golds in the 10 metre platform: one for the individual event, the other for the synchro event with Peter Waterfield.

He has won the BBC Award for Young Personality of the Year three times.

## Personal life

He grew up in Eggbuckland, Plymouth with his mother Debbie, father Rob and two younger brothers, Ben and Will. He went to school at the Thruston Primary School in Plymouth and later went to Plymouth College. He started swimming when he was 3, and diving when he was 7. He did his first international competition when he was 11. In 2013, he stated that he is in a relationship with a man. In 2014, he stated that he is gay.
Emmanuel College, Cambridge

**Emmanuel College** is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1584 and has around 650 students. Emmanuel has the tradition of doing very well in the exams.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Graham Chapman.

In 2006, the Dean of Emmanuel College said that same-sex couples can have civil partnerships<nowiki/> at Emmanuel's Chapel. This made it the first in the Church of England to allow this.

## Other websites

- Official website
Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge

**Fitzwilliam College** is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often called **Fitz** from the students. It was created in 1966, but it is based on earlier student groups and associations. These began in 1869 with the idea of helping poor people to study at Cambridge. Today the college has around 750 students and is one of the largest. Fitzwilliam has the tradition of doing quite well in the sports.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Charles Scott Sherrington and Albert Szent-Györgyi who both won Nobel Prizes.

The name of the college comes from the Fitzwilliam family.

## Other websites

- Official website
Girton College, Cambridge

**Girton College** is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1869 and it was the first college for women. It was given official status only in 1948, when women were allowed in the university. In 1976, it started allowing men too. The college has about 700 students.

The college is about 2.5 miles (4 km) away from the university town. It takes the name from the village where it is found, Girton.

Some very famous people have studied at this Girton, like Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.

It has one of the biggest libraries in Cambridge.

## Other websites

- Official website
Federation of Genealogical Societies

The **Federation of Genealogical Societies** is a non-profit organization and consortium of Genealogy Societies. Its headquarters are located in Austin, Texas in the United States. It works with genealogy organizations around the world.

## Other websites

- Federation of Genealogical Societies
- FGS Blog
- FGS 2011 Conference, September 7-10, 2011
- FGS Society Hall
Pendulum (Australian band)

**Pendulum** are an Australian/British drum and bass duet from Perth, Western Australia. The duo consists of Paul Harding and Ben Mount.

The band was created in 2002 by Rob Swire, Gareth McGrillen, and Paul Harding. The live members of the band left in 2012 to focus on other projects with Swire and McGrillen leaving to create the band Knife Party. The DJ set for the band is still active though.

They released their debut album _Hold Your Colour_ on 25 July 2005. Their second album _In Silico_ was released on May 12, 2008 in Europe and on May 13, 2008 in North America. They released their final studio album _Immersion_ with the live band on 21 May 2010.

### Studio albums

- _Hold Your Colour_ (2005)
- _In Silico_ (2008)
- _Immersion_ (2010)

### Remix Albums

- _The Reworks_ (2018)

### Extended Plays

- _Elemental_ (2021)
- _Anima_ (2023)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Pendulum
- **img**: Pendulum Live Electric 2007.jpg
- **img capt**: Pendulum in 2007
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Perth, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- **genre**: Drum and bass, dubstep
- **years active**: 2002–2012 (hiatus)
- **label**: Breakbeat Kaos, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Warner Music Group, Warner Music, Ear Storm, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **associated acts**: Xygen, Knife Party, DJ Fresh, Freestylers, Adam F
- **url**: [http://www.pendulum.com/ Official website]
- **current members**: Paul Harding
Ben Mount
- **past members**: Rob Swire
Gareth McGrillen
Peredur ap Gwynedd
Paul Kodish
Kevin Sawka
Ryan Longwell

**Ryan Longwell** (born August 16, 1974) was an NFL kicker from 1997-2012. He went to college in California. He played for the Green Bay Packers and the Minnesota Vikings. His jersey number was 8.

## Other websites

- Pro Football Reference

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **image**: Ryanlongwell2004.jpg
- **caption**: Longwell playing for the Green Bay Packers
- **number**: 8, 7
- **position**: Placekicker, Kicker
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lbs**: 200
- **college**: California Golden Bears football, California
- **high school**: Bend High School, Bend (OR)
- **undraftedyear**: 1997
- **pastteams**: * San Francisco 49ers ()*
* Green Bay Packers (–)
* Minnesota Vikings (–)
* Seattle Seahawks ()
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: *Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame, Packers Hall of Fame (2018)
- **statlabel1**: Field goal (American and Canadian football), Field goals made
- **statvalue1**: 361
- **statlabel2**: Field goal (American and Canadian football), Field goals attempted
- **statvalue2**: 434
- **statlabel3**: Field goal (American and Canadian football), Field goals %
- **statvalue3**: 83.2
- **statlabel4**: Field goal (American and Canadian football), Long field goal
- **statvalue4**: 55
- **statlabel5**: NFL career scoring leaders, Points scored
- **statvalue5**: 1,687
- **nfl**: LON819356
Jovan Belcher

**Jovan Belcher** (July 24, 1987 – December 1, 2012) was an American football player. He was a line backer in the NFL for the Kansas City Chiefs. He was a student at the University of Maine. He played in the NFL from 2009 until his death.

Belcher was born in West Babylon, New York.

On the evening of December 1, 2012 in Kansas City, Missouri, he shot his partner dead and committed suicide by shooting himself. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Belcher had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## Other websites

- Pro-Football Reference
Ted Bulley

**Ted Bulley** (born March 25, 1955) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) player from 1976 to 1984. He played the left wing position. He was born in Windsor, Ontario in Canada. For most of his career he played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3"  bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular Season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1972–73|Windsor Spitfires|SOJHL|16|9|10|19|10|—|—|—|—|—|
|1973–74|Hull Festivals|QMJHL|67|28|37|65|116|—|—|—|—|—|
|1974–75|Hull Festivals|QMJHL|70|48|61|109|129|4|1|2|3|9|
|1975–76|Flint Generals|IHL|38|15|13|28|123|4|2|0|2|9|
|1975–76|Dallas Black Hawks|CHL|—|—|—|—|—|7|0|1|1|4|
|1976–77|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|2|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|1976–77|Dallas Black Hawks|CHL|2|2|2|4|10|—|—|—|—|—|
|1976–77|Flint Generals|IHL|70|46|46|92|122|2|0|0|0|0|
|1977–78|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|79|23|28|51|141|4|1|1|2|2|
|1978–79|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|75|27|23|50|153|2|0|0|0|0|
|1979–80|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|66|14|17|31|136|7|2|3|5|10|
|1980–81|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|68|18|16|34|95|—|—|—|—|—|
|1981–82|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|59|12|18|30|120|15|2|1|3|12|
|1982–83|Washington Capitals|NHL|39|4|9|13|47|1|0|0|0|0|
|1983–84|Baltimore Skipjacks|AHL|49|16|19|35|82|10|2|5|7|2|
|1983–84|Pittsburgh Penguins|NHL|26|3|2|5|12|—|—|—|—|—|
|1984–85|Baltimore Skipjacks|AHL|57|9|11|20|125|14|1|1|2|25|

## Other websites

- Hockey-Reference

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 192
- **prospect team**: Hull Festivals
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
 Washington Capitals
 Pittsburgh Penguins
- **birth place**: Windsor, Ontario, Windsor, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 115th overall
- **draft year**: 1975
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **wha draft**: 59th overall
- **wha draft year**: 1975
- **wha draft team**: Quebec Nordiques
- **career start**: 1975
- **career end**: 1985
Bunny Roser

**Bunny Roser** (November 15, 1901 – May 6, 1979) was a former baseball player for the Boston Braves. He was a left fielder. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died in Rocky Hill, Connecticut at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- Baseball-Reference
Mutant (movie)

***Mutant*** is a 1983 American horror movie that was directed by John Cardos and Mark Rosman. It has a restricted rating. The film has zombies in it. It stars Wings Hauser.

## Other websites

- All-Rovi
Fundamental force

There are four **fundamental forces**, sometimes called **fundamental interactions**.  The forces are called _fundamental_ because there is no simpler way for physicists to understand what the forces do or how they do it (their action). They are called interactions because the action of one object on another is matched by a reaction from the other.

We feel the effects of gravity and electromagnetism all the time.
- The gravitational force is described by Einstein's general theory of relativity and is understood to be due to the _curvature_ of spacetime by the mass of matter.
- The electromagnetic force is due to electric charge. Charge causes electric force and movement of charge causes magnetic force.

The strong and weak interactions are forces at the smallest distances and explain nuclear interactions.
- The strong force binds protons and neutrons together and also keeps the nuclei of atoms together.
- The weak force causes beta decay.

A complete description of the forces requires advanced physics. The Standard Model explains
three of these forces (electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force). Most physicists think that these become a single force under very high temperatures. This idea is known as the grand unification theory.

## From the future to the past

In the future, new forces may explain dark energy and dark matter. We may also get a Theory of everything that explains the four known fundamental forces. Even if we first _unify_ the three forces of the Standard Model, we may continue to think of those forces as fundamental. This is what happened when theoretical physicists unified electromagnetism and the weak interaction with
electroweak theory.

- Once nuclear force was explained by color charge, it was seen not to be fundamental.
- Nuclear force was a theory to explain how photons could stay close together in the nucleus when their like electric charge would make them move apart, if not overcome by a stronger force.
Platt Amendment

The **Platt Amendment** was an amendment made in 1901 to a resolution of the United States Congress. It said that all treaties with Cuba had to be approved by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. had the right to interfere in Cuba's affairs if order broke down within Cuba. It also declared Guantánamo Bay to be U.S. territory. The Cuban–American Treaty of Relations of 1903 said the same things.

In the years following its enactment, until its abolition in 1934, the Platt Amendment was used on several occasions by the United States to intervene in Cuban internal affairs and protect US economic interests on the island.
Bob Schieffer

**Bob Lloyd Schieffer** (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist and news anchor for _60 Minutes_ and for _CBS Evening News_. He was the moderator for _Face the Nation_ for twenty-four years, from 1991 to 2015. He won six Emmy Awards.

Schieffer was born on February 25, 1937 in Austin, Texas. He studied at the Texas Christian University. Schieffer is married to Patricia Penrose. They have two children. He now lives in Washington, D.C. and in Austin, Texas.

## Other websites

- Biography – Bob Schieffer  CBS News
- Bob Schieffer Notable Names Database
- Bob Schieffer School of Journalism  Texas Christian University
Wakeboarding

**Wakeboarding** is a water sport that involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water. The rider is usually towed behind a motorboat. This sport, that appeared in the beginning of the eighties, has been inspired by surfing, water skiing and snowboarding.

To practice wakeboarding, a boat, a rope and a board are necessary. If the rider wants to do bigger jumps or tricks, he needs a tower. The waves created by the boat act like a ski jump for the surfer.

## Timeline

In 1985, Tonny Finn, a surfer, marketed the "Skurfer". It was a board inspired by surfing and water skiing. The "Skurfer" was thick and it had an aileron at his back.

In 1987, the "Skurfer" board was introduced in France by Maurice Lejeune.

In 1989, Jimmy Redmond founded the World Wakeboard Association (WWA).

In 1990, the first official competition was taking place in Orlando, Florida, United States, while the first wakeboard was marketing.

In 1993, the first world wakeboard championship was organised in United States by the WWA.

In 1994, the riders Gilles Becker, Franck Ropéro and Pierre Bergia established the ANW (Association Nationale de Wakeboard).

In 1995, it was the apparition of the "twin tips". The principle of this board has still used today. The "twin tips" has one or more ailerons in its back and its front.

In 2001, wakeboarding became a discipline in the Akita’s World Games of Japan.

In 2004, the first magazine dedicated to the wakeboard, _Unleashed Wakeboard Magazine_, was published in France.

## Characteristics of equipment

- Boat: The speed of the boat should be from 28 to 35 kilometers.
- Boots: these have an important role, because they are responsible for the control and performance of the surfer. Also, they have to be as comfortable as possible.
- Rope: The best length for the rope is between 16 and 24 meters.
- Board: There are two different kinds of wakeboards; the "surf" or the "twin tips". The first one is an asymmetric board that is suitable for beginners. The "twin tips" board is more used than the type "surf" because it allows more difficult jumps. Normally, the size of the board is about 130-147 cm by 45 cm.
Chicago Water Tower

The **Chicago Water Tower** is a Chicago and American historical place tower that is 154 feet (47 m) tall. The tower is believed to be the only tower to survive the Great Chicago Fire in 1871. It is the only public tower to be in the fire zone to survive. The building is the symbol of Old Chicago. The tower was built in 1869. The building became a National Historic Landmark in 1975.

## Location

The tower is located at 806 Michigan Avenue along the Magnificent Mile shopping district in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois in a small park, the Jane M. Byrne Plaza.

## Structure

The tower was built to keep a large water pump, to draw water from Lake Michigan. It was built in 1869. It is the second-oldest water tower in the United States, after the Louisville Water Tower in Louisville, Kentucky. The design of the tower has not been liked by everyone.

Oscar Wilde said that the tower looked like "a castellated monstrosity with pepper boxes stuck all over it," although he did admire the arrangement and movement of the pumping machinery inside. The Water Tower's castle-like style inspired the design of some White Castle restaurant buildings.

## Status

Today, the Chicago Water Tower is the Chicago Office of Tourism as a small art gallery known as the **City Gallery in the Historic Water Tower**. It has the work of local photographers, artists and filmmakers.
Albertus Magnus

**Albertus Magnus**, O.P. (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as **Albert the Great** and **Albert of Cologne**, is a Catholic saint. He was a German Dominican friar and a bishop who achieved fame for his comprehensive knowledge of and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages, an opinion supported by contemporaries such as Roger Bacon. Magnus was born into a rich German family, in Swabia, in about 1200. He attended Padua University, in Italy.

He was very knowledgeable about Sciences, and he wrote about chemistry, geometry, astronomy, physiology. He promoted Aristotle's writings. He later became Master of Theology, which is the study of religion and God, in the University of Paris. He also created a school in Cologne, in 1248. Magnus died on November 15, 1280, in Cologne, Germany. 250 years after his death, he was named a Saint because he helped and contributed to the Catholic Church.
Antônio Carlos Jobim

**Antônio Carlos Jobim** (25 January 1927 – 8 December 1994) was a Brazilian musician of the 20th century. He was a songwriter, composer, singer and pianist/guitarist. He and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre of music. He is a co-creator of bossa nova. He is widely known as the composer of "The girl from Ipanema".  The representative album _Wave_ counts among his major works. Besides, He created much great bossa nova music. His songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists and loved by people.

## His life and music

Antônio Carlos Jobim was born in the Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro. He came from a prominent family. After his parents separated, he was raised in Ipanema. At the age of ten, he started to play piano and compose. His life as a musician began at the age of 20. As a 20-year-old, Jobim earned his living by playing in night clubs before achieving success.

Jobim made his name as a musician when he teamed up with poet and diplomat Vinícius de Moraes to write the music for the play _Orfeu de Conceição_ (1956). That time, A Felicidade, Frevo, and Nosso Amor were composed. A key event in making Jobim's music known in the world was his collaboration with saxophonist Stan Getz, João Gilberto. Especially Jobim wrote many of the songs with Getz/Gilberto, which became one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time.

His songs "The Girl from Ipanema" and "Corcovado" also became sensations. Getz/Gilberto won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. "The Girl from Ipanema" won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1965.

Jobim is one of the most important songwriters of the 20th century. Jobim's song has sophisticated harmonic structures. Some of his melodic twists, like the melody insisting on the major seventh of the chord, became common use in jazz and easy listening music after him.

Due to his fame in his country, the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro changed the name of Galeão International Airport to Rio de Janeiro–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport.

Jobim was hospitalised in New York City from a urinary tract infection in late November 1994. He underwent surgery on 2 December 1994, and while recovering developed a pulmonary embolism. He died from cardiac arrest at the hospital on six days later on 8 December at the age of 67.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Antônio Carlos Jobim
- **image**: Antônio Carlos Jobim (cropped).jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim
- **alias**: , ,
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **death place**: New York City, United States
- **genre**: Bossa nova, Latin jazz, samba, MPB (Música Popular Brasileira), MPB
- **occupation**: Musician, composer, songwriter, singer
- **instrument**: Piano, guitar, flute, vocals
- **years active**: 1956–1994
- **label**: Verve Records, Verve, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Elenco, A&M Records, A&M, CTI Records, CTI, MCA Records, MCA, Philips Records, Philips, Decca Records, Decca, Sony Music, Sony
- **associated acts**: Vinicius de Moraes, Aloísio de Oliveira, , , , , , Sting (musician), Sting, ,
Bossa nova

**Bossa nova** is a type of Brazilian music. Bossa nova means literally "new trend". Antonio Carlos Jobim and João Gilberto developed bossa nova as a genre. The first bossa nova single to achieve international popularity was "The Girl From Ipanema".

The bossa nova musical style evolved from samba but is more complex harmonically and less percussive. Joachim Ernst Berendt, the writer of a jazz book, said that bossa nova is a combination of samba and cool jazz. The influence on bossa nova of jazz styles is often debated, but a similar "cool sensibility" is apparent.

Bossa nova is usually performed on classical guitar and piano. It often performed with percussion and strings.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Bossa nova
- **bgcolor**: olive
- **color**: white
- **stylistic origins**: Samba, jazz
- **cultural origins**: Late 1950s, Rio de Janeiro's Rio_de_Janeiro#South_Zone, South Zone, Brazil
- **instruments**: Classical guitar, Classical/acoustic guitar, piano, electronic organ, Acoustic bass guitar, acoustic bass, Drum kit, drums
- **popularity**: Widely known in Brazil, also significant in the United States, Europe, Japan and the Philippines.
- **subgenrelist**: List of bossa nova genres
- **subgenres**: Tropicália
- **other topics**: Bossa Nova (dance), sambass
Charles Bridge

**Charles Bridge** is the oldest stone bridge in Prague. It had been constructed from 1357 to 1400. Until 1841, this was the only bridge to connect old street of Prague. It also played an very important role as the trade route between East and West zone of Prague. At first, it was called just "Stone Bridge" or "Praha Bridge." But it had the name of "Charles Bridge" since 1870.

## Description

The bridge is 516 meters in length and 10 meters in width. Also, it has 16 arches. At a railing of the bridge, there are thirty sculptures of saint who are famous in the Bible and History. Except the sculpture of "Jan Hus", all of sculptures are made of sandstone. Some sculptures were made in the "Age of Baroque" but most of sculptures were imitated.

## Legend

There has been legends about this bridge. One legend says that if a person touches the statue of Sanctus Loannes Nepomucenus saying the hope, the hope will come true. This is because Nepomucenus was the confessor of the queen of Bohemia. But one day king wanted to know what the queen confessed. This was because the king had a doubt that the queen had an affair with another man. However, Nepomucenus did not tell anything to king and resisted to the bitter end. So the king made Nepomucenus fall in the river. So Nepomucenus got drowned. However, He was respected as the Saint right after his death.
Gamla stan

**Gamla stan** is an old section of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. Gamla Stan consists of three islands, Stadsholmen, Riddarholmen and Helgeandsholmen. The main buildings such as the National Assembly Building, the royal palace and the Cathedral are located here. Gamla Stan whose meaning is "Old Town" is known to be built first in 13th century. Thus, there are a lot of old buildings in Gamla Stan and they were built in 17th or 18th century. They have very long history. After crossing the bridge in front of Royal Swedish Opera theater, there is the National Assembly Building. This building is the entrance of Gamla Stan and connects the old town, Gamla Stan, and the new town. The royal palace is just after the entrance and there are a lot of buildings which make you feel like in middle ages.

The center of Gamla Stan is Stortorget square. This square has a sad history. Christian II killed more than 80 of the leading members of Sweden and buried their necks in the well. This is called the Stockholm massacre. In this square, there are Nobel Museum in one side and buildings built from 13th century to 19th century. Also, a lot of shops are placed in narrow alleyways. Up north from the square, the stock exchange built in 1776 and the Sweden Academy headquarters which selects the Nobel Prize winner are located.

In addition, there are a lot of famous tourist spots, such as Morten Trozigsgrand, which is the narrowest alley in Gamla Stan and as wide as 90cm, and the German Church. Since Gamla Stan preserves the image of middle ages very well, it can be one of the most famous tourist places in Sweden.

## Other websites

- Northern Europe, World Tour
Cristián de la Fuente

**Cristián de la Fuente Sabarots** (born 10 March 1974) is a Chilean actor. He studied mechanical engineering in Puerto Rico. He loves sports very much. At first, he was a model.He started acting in small roles in television series and movies. Internationally, he became famous with the movie Driven, from 2001. Today, de la Fuente Sabarots lives in Los Angeles. He is married, and has a daughter.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cristián de la Fuente
- **image**: Cristian for Wiki.jpg
- **birthname**: Cristián de la Fuente Sabarots
- **birth place**: Santiago, Chile
- **occupation**: Actor and television presenter
- **yearsactive**: 1998–present
Kia Tigers

The **Kia Tigers** is a professional baseball team in South Korea. The team started in 1982 with the name of Haitai Tigers. Haitai sold the team to Kia in 2001. They won the Korean Series 9 times as Haitai Tigers (1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997). They won again in 2009 and 2017. Winning 11 times is the top record among all Korean baseball teams. They never lost the Korean Series so far.

Their main stadium was the Mudeung Baseball Stadium in Gwangju from 1982 to 2013, and is now the Gwangju-Kia Champions Field, also in Gwangju.

### 1982 - 1997

The Haitai Tigers was the third professional baseball team in Korea, following OB Bears (currently Doosan Bears) and MBC Blue Dragons (currently LG Twins). It started on January 30, 1982 with only 14 players and the manager. In 1983, the team hired Kim Eung-ryong as manager and they won the Korean Series for the first time.

After the team signed Sun Dong-yeol in 1985, the Haitai Tigers Dynasty started. They won the Korean Series for 4 straight years (1986-1989). Another superstar, Lee Jong-beom, made his debut in 1993. He won the Korean Series MVP in his debut season. From 1982 to 1997, the team won the Korean Series 9 times.

### 1998 - 2000

Because of the financial problem of Haitai company, the team started to sell many good players including Lee Jong-beom and Lim Chang-yong.

### 2001 - Now

Kia took over the baseball team and the name was changed to Kia Tigers. Lee Jong-beom returned from Japan and he was retired in 2012. In 2005, the Kia Tigers ended the season in the lowest place for the first time ever. However, in 2009, the team won the Korean Series with Na Ji-wan's dramatic walk-off home-run in the last game. It was the first victory after 1997 and as Kia Tigers. In 2012, Sun Dong-yeol, the legendary superstar in Tigers, became the manager of the team, but failed to make the team reach the postseason for 3 years.

## Key players

Pitchers: Yoon Suk-min, Seo Jae-Weong, Kim Jin-woo

Field Players: Lee Yong-kyu, Choi Hee-seop, Lee Bum-ho
Audio mixer

An **audio mixer** is device which is used to mix several sounds together. The user can control the volume on each channel or sound source to be as loud as they want. The amount of channels may vary depending on the mixer. Different sources may be used such as microphones, sound cards and CD players. Usually mixers have pre-amplifiers for microphones and inputs may be balanced. It is a device that allows you to edit the pitch and other aspects of sound.

Each channel has their own volume control but also there is main volume control that changes all channels the same way. Some mixers will also have an equaliser.
Seoul International Fireworks Festival

**Seoul International Fireworks Festival** is the one of the biggest festivals held in Seoul held by Hanwha group , Korean corporation. In 2000, it was held to wish for successful World Cup 2002 near Yeouido. After that, it has been held annually with Italian, Chinese, American and Korean teams except for 2001, 2006, 2009. In 2001, it was cancelled due to the September 11 attacks. In 2006, it could not be held because North Korea carried out a nuclear test, and in 2009, because of influenza A. The latest festival was held in October 6, 2012, which gathered more than 120 million people.

## Features

The Hanwha Group spends about 1500-million won for the fireworks festival. Each team spends about 200 million won every year. People do not pay any fee to enjoy the festival. As time passes, more and more people are gathering, so the “Hot Places” become crowded 3 hours before the beginning of the festival. The best place to watch the fireworks is in front of 63 Building. People can enjoy sound effects as well near 63 Building. If the place is too crowded to enjoy the festival, Hangang Park is also a good place. If people take the subway to get to the place, they can exit at Yeouinaru Station. If the subway does not stop at Yeouinaru Station around start time of the festival, Yeouido Station is also fine.

The fireworks start around at 8 p.m. and end around at 9 p.m. Before the fireworks start, additional festivals, such as concerts or racing are held.

## Criticism

There is criticism that Hanhwa Group holds the festival only to advertise their company. The president Lee Myung-bak says that Seoul cannot support this festival for advertising the private company. In addition, people who do not go to the festival have to deal with inconvenience because of heavy traffic or if some subway stations are not allowed to approach due to this festival. A lot of trash left is also criticized. In 2011, 25 tons of trash was left after the festival and 130 sanitation engineers cleaned the area until 3 a.m.
Supercapacitor

**Supercapacitor** is a type of capacitor that can store many times as much energy as older capacitors. They were developed in the late 20th century. In future electric cars or mobile phones might use supercapacitors.
CouchSurfing

**CouchSurfing International Inc.** is a company based in San Francisco that provides hospitality social networking. Travellers using the service stay at a host's house, where they sleep on a couch (sofa) or a mattress on the floor. The service is intended to be free of charge; the host does not ask for money from the guest. CouchSurfing is intended to be a cultural exchange program, where the host shows the visitor around their town or local place, and the guest delivers his or her own country's culture.

People using the service must register an account on the CouchSurfing website. They make a full public profile, which shows other users who they are, their interests, what languages they speak, and other information. If they want to host other travellers, users also state the location of their house, and describe their living arrangements, the type of couch they have, and what they can provide for the guests.

Travellers can look for hosts by location, and hosts can find travellers whom have stated their plans to travel to their area. Hosts also list references (recommendations from previous guests), which helps travellers in deciding whether or not a host is reliable. When a traveller applies to stay at a host's place, the host then reviews the traveller's profile and either accepts or rejects the application. If the host says yes, the two users exchange phone numbers and contact each other prior to the meeting.

## Other websites

- Official website