juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dick Grayson

**Richard John "Dick" Grayson Wayne** is a comic book superhero created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger for DC Comics. As a supporting character to Batman, Dick was first introduced as Batman's crime-fighting partner **Robin**. As he transitioned into adulthood, Dick decided to take on the persona of **Nightwing**.

Grayson has served as a leader for various teams, including the Teen Titans and the Outsiders. His leadership is marked by his ability to inspire and strategize effectively.

## Fictional character biography

When his circus acrobat family was brutally murdered, Dick Grayson was taken in by billionaire and bat-friendly super hero Bruce Wayne. Bruce shared his secret life as Batman with the young boy and eventually molded him into Robin—the Dark Knight's partner in Gotham.

## Abilities

Richard Grayson was a acrobatic prodigy who was part of the "Flying Graysons" act, who were well known for conducting acrobatic acts without a net. As a result of his skill, he garnered success for Haly's Circus. As a result of his status as an agent of Spyral and being taught by Helena Bertinelli, Richard is proficient in the art of Espionage. Dick is an expert marksman and is highly skilled in the use of firearms. Being trained by the Dark Knight himself in various fields, Richard Grayson is shown to have a naturally high level of intelligence, though not as high as Batman's own. Richard Grayson was taught in various fields by Batman and as a result, is a capable tactician. In addition to that, he is skilled in reading the body motions of others, using this skill to aid in defeating multiple armed opponents and anticipate an opponent's next move. Taught by Alfred Pennyworth in acting, Richard Grayson is proficient in the art of disguise. He was able to pose as Joker in Arkham Asylum and occasionally poses as Batman whenever Bruce Wayne and Batman needed to be sighted at the same time. Like Batman, Grayson has honed his detective skills. He is adept at solving crimes and analyzing situations quickly.

## In other media

Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations: the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft, the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan, the 1966–1968 live action _Batman_ television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward, and played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 movie _Batman Forever_ and its 1997 sequel, _Batman & Robin_. Dick Grayson appeared in the _Titans_ television series for the DC Universe streaming service and HBO Max played by Brenton Thwaites. Loren Lester voiced the character Robin in _Batman: The Animated Series_ and later as Nightwing's first screen adaptation in _The New Batman Adventures_, Jesse McCartney voices Grayson as both Robin and Nightwing in _Young Justice: The Animated Series_, Sean Maher voices Nightwing in the _DC Animated Movie Universe_, and Michael Cera voices an overly cheerful Grayson as Robin in _The Lego Batman Movie_. In May 2011, IGN ranked Dick Grayson No. 11 on their list of the "Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time". In 2013, ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as No. 1 on its list of the "50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics".
Ventriloquist (character)

The **Ventriloquist** is the name of multiple fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. They are all enemies of the superhero Batman. The character was created by Alan Grant, John Wagner and Norm Breyfogle, first appearing in _Detective Comics_ #583 (1988). The Ventriloquist is a gangster that usually speaks through a puppet named **Scarface**, which his mental illness leads him to believe is a separate person. His dissociative identity disorder allows him to commit ruthless violent crimes while maintaining a quiet and meek personality, pretending that he is simply Scarface's servant. Despite years of practice, **Arnold Wesker** is still unable to pronounce the letter "B" while throwing his voice, instead replacing it with "G" while fighting Batman. Following his death during _Face the Face_, a woman named **Peyton Riley** became his successor. In the New 52 continuity, **Shauna Belzer** became Wesker's successor.

## In other media

The character has been featured in various media adaptations, such as feature movies, television series and video games. Andrew Sellon portrays a new version of the character in the television series _Gotham_. In the fifth season, he finds the dummy Scarface and becomes the Ventriloquist.
Bill Finger

**William "Bill" Finger** (February 8, 1914 – January 18, 1974) was an American comic book writer and artist who helped create Batman, Green Lantern, and some villains along with Bob Kane and Jerry Robinson.

## Other websites

- _Comic Book Artist_ #3 (Winter 1999): "The Bob Kane Letter" (September 14, 1965 open letter by Bob Kane)

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **caption**: Finger in 1945
- **birth name**: Milton Finger
- **birth place**: Denver, Colorado, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **write**: y
- **spouse**: Ethel "Portia" Finger (née Epstein; 1943–1950s)
Lyn Simmons (about 1968–1971)
- **children**: 1
- **signature**: Signature of Bill Finger.png
- **notable works**: _Batman (comic book), Batman_
_Detective Comics_
_Green Lantern (comic book), Green Lantern_
Count Vertigo

**Count Werner Vertigo** is a fictional Batman-Green Arrow character from DC Comics who is an European madman who can control the aims from guns so that no one can shot him. He also knows karate, judo, fencing, and boxing, so making him one of the hardest physical characters that Batman has to face (besides Ra's al Ghul and Bane). He is deaf and has dipolar disorder.

## In other media

He was voiced by Michael York in _Batman: The Animated Series_.
Rachel Dawes

**Rachel Dawes** is a fictional Batman character who is good friends with Bruce Wayne and is one of the few people who knows Batman's secret identity. She was the love life of Harvey Dent until she was killed in a mass explosion causes by The Joker.

She was played by Katie Holmes in _Batman Begins_ and the tie-in video game and by Maggie Gyllenhaal in _The Dark Knight_.

## Other websites

- Rachel Dawes at dc. wikia)
Holly Robinson (character)

**Holly Robinson** is a fictional Batman character from DC Comics who is friends with Selina Kyle. She is the crime-partner of Catwoman for bank robbery. For a short while, she became Catwoman because Selina had her first baby. In some appearances, she is a lesbian.

## In other media

She was played by Juno Temple as **Jen** in _The Dark Knight Rises_.
Batman: The Animated Series

***Batman: The Animated Series*** was an Emmy Award-winning television series that ran from 1992 through 1995. The series was about the daily life and the crimes Batman faced in Gotham City. The voice casts includes Kevin Conroy, Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Bob Hastings, Mark Hamill, Adrienne Barbeau, Roddy McDowall, Brock Peters, Adam West, Michael Ansara, John Glover, Henry Polic II, Lloyd Bochner, Arleen Sorkin, Henry Silva, and Paul Williams. The series won four Emmy Awards and was nominated for nine.

## Other websites

- Official website
- _The Adventures of Batman & Robin_ at Fox Kids (Archive)
- _Batman: The Animated Series_ at The World's Finest
- _Batman: The Animated Series_ at Legions of Gotham
- _Batman: The Animated Series_  at Big Cartoon DataBase

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Batman- The Animated Series logo.svg
- **alt name**: _The Adventures of Batman & Robin_
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **creator**: Eric Radomski
Bruce Timm, Bruce W. Timm
- **country**: United States
- **company**: Warner Bros. Animation
- **network**: Fox Kids
- **num episodes**: 85
- **num seasons**: 2
- **list episodes**: List of Batman: The Animated Series episodes
- **executive producer**: Jean MacCurdy
Tom Ruegger
- **language**: English
Pavel Datsyuk

**Pavel Datsyuk** was born 20 July, 1978. The city where he was born is named Yekaterinburg in Russia. He was a professional ice hockey player and played for SKA Saint Petersburg. He used to play in the NHL for the Detroit Red Wings.

## Family

His mother died when he was 12 years old. In the middle of the 1990s, he started to play for the farm team of Dynamo Yekaterinburg. There he was noticed by the new trainer of the team, Vladimir Krikunov. He saw the talent of the young Datsyuk on the soccer field. He noticed his anticipation, vision and intelligence were certainly over the average of the team. It took a long time before Pavel was contacted by an NHL scout, because he was too small. He was only 1,73m and 66 kg when he began his professional career. He was not supposed to be drafted in the NHL, but the scout of the Detroit Red Wings came to watch the defenseman Dimitiri Kilimine and he was impressed by this little sized player.

## National Hockey League career

Pavel Datsyuk was drafted in 1998 by the Detroit Red Wings, 171st overall. He began to play in the NHL in 2001-2002; he played 70 games and scored 11 goals. One year later, a new prospect joined the team, Henrik Zetterberg. They played together with the veteran, Brett Hull. Since that season, Henrik and Pavel are still playing with each other. Pavel is a center and one of the best two way player of the NHL. In a survey made by the journalist, 247 hockey players, consider Pavel as the most difficult player to take the puck off during a game. He won many trophies in the league. Four years in a row he won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy.  The most productive years of Pavel Datsyuk were in 2008-2009, where he collected 97 points for 32 goals and 65 assists.

## Other websites

- Pavel Datsyuk Biography, IMDb

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10.1
- **weight lb**: 190
- **team**: SKA Saint Petersburg
- **former teams**: Spartak/Dynamo Yekaterinburg
Ak Bars Kazan
HC Dynamo Moscow
HC CSKA Moscow
Detroit Red Wings
- **league**: Kontinental Hockey League, KHL
- **ntl team**: Russia
- **birth place**: Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, USSR
- **draft**: 171st overall
- **draft year**: 1998
- **draft team**: Detroit Red Wings
- **image**: Pavel Datsyuk 2012 (cropped1).jpg
- **career start**: 1996
- **career end**: 2016
- **website**: [http://www.datsyuk13.com datsyuk13.com]
Alison Eastwood

**Alison Eastwood** (May 22, 1972 in California) is an American actress. She is the daughter of Clint Eastwood. Her first movie role was with her father in _Tightrope_ (1984). She also directs movies, the first being _Rails & Ties_ in 2007.
Alison Sweeney

**Alison Sweeney** (born September 19, 1976 in Los Angeles) is an American actress. She stars mostly on television programs. She has acted as Samantha Brady on the soap _Days of Our Lives_. She also does reality television programs.
Alberto Falcone

**Alberto Falcone** is a fictional Batman character who is also known as **the Holiday Killer**. He appears in American comic books published by DC Comics.

## Fictional character biography

He is the son of Gotham Mafia leader Carmine Falcone. He is also a mobster, but does not have control over his dad's crime organization.

## In other media

Luke Brandon Field portrayed Al Falcone in the DC Extended Universe movie _The Flash_. He also appeared in the HBO television miniseries _The Penguin_ (2024) set in _The Batman_ shared universe, portrayed by Michael Zegen.
Gérard Depardieu

**Gérard Xavier Marcel Depardieu** (born 27 December 1948) is a French actor, movie producer and director. He was born in Chateauroux, Indre. He is one of the most prolific actors in film history, having completed approximately 170 movies since 1967.

He  won the César Award for Best Actor for his performances in _The Last Metro_ (1980). He received the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Actor in _Police_ (1985). For _Cyrano de Bergerac_ (1990) he won the Cannes Film Festival for Best Actor, his second César Award and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. Depardieu won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his role in _Green Card_.

He lives in Belgium. In 2013 he was granted Russian citizenship.

A trial started in France, in March 2025. In May, he got a suspended sentence of 18 months in prison. He has asked to get a trial in a court of appeal.
Black Mask (character)

**Black Mask** is the name of two fictional Batman villains from DC Comics who have a black skull and a black suit who in some cases is a crime boss leader.

### Roman Sionis

The first Black Mask was **Roman Sionis** who hated masks, but he wore toxic make-up that made him to have the black skull.

### Jeremiah Arkham

The second Black Mask was **Jeremiah Arkham**, the boss of Arkham Asylum, so after the death of the first Black Mask he wanted to continue his legacy, so he became the second Black Mask.

## In other media

In _Batman Returns_, Christopher Walken's character Max Shreck was burned and the corpse had a look alike to Black Mask. He was portrayed by Ewan McGregor in the 2020 movie _Birds of Prey_.
Jeremiah Arkham

**Jeremiah Arkham** is a fictional Batman character from the DC Comics universe who was the head doctor and manager of Arkham Asylum where all of Gotham City's criminals and killers are held up. He later becomes the second Black Mask after the first one was killed by Catwoman.
Killer Moth

**Killer Moth** is a supervillain in the DC Comics universe, primarily known as an adversary of Batman and Batgirl. He first appeared in _Detective Comics_ #163 in 1951, created by writer Bill Finger and artist Dick Sprang. He is sometimes confused with Firefly.

## Fictional character biography

Drury Walker was originally a criminal who sought to become a counterpart to Batman, believing that he could be a "moth" to Batman's "light." His character has been portrayed in various ways over the years, sometimes as a more comedic villain and other times as a more serious threat.

## Powers and abilities

Killer Moth does not possess superhuman abilities but is equipped with various gadgets and technology that enhance his capabilities. He has a moth-themed costume that includes wings, which allow him to glide, and he often uses a variety of weapons and traps inspired by moths and insects.

## In other media

Killer Moth has appeared in various comic book series, animated shows, and video games. He has been featured in storylines that explore his motivations and his rivalry with Batman and Batgirl. In some adaptations, he has been depicted as a more tragic figure, struggling with his identity and his place in the world of Gotham's criminals.
Jason Todd

**Jason Todd** is a fictional Batman character who was the second Robin when the first left. Todd was founded by Batman when he tried to steal some parts from the Batmobile. Batman later trained him to become the second Robin. He was later killed by The Joker when he beat him-up and then blew him up with a time bomb. He later returned as the Red Hood.

## Other websites

- Jason Todd  at Titans Tower
- Red Hood (Jason Todd) at the DC Database Project
Hush (comics)

**Hush** (**Dr. Thomas Elliot**) is a fictional Batman character who is an identity thief and is also a friend of Bruce Wayne. His parents were in a car crash that he planed, but his mother lived from an operation from Thomas Wayne which made him angry.
Jimmy Olsen

**Jimmy Olsen** is a fictional Superman character from the DC Comics universe, who works for the _Daily Planet_ with Clark Kent and Lois Lane. His boss is Perry White. He thinks that Clark Kent and Lois Lane are his "heroes". He becomes _The Nail_ in a comic book theme.

## In other media

The character has appeared in most other media adaptations of Superman. He was portrayed by Tommy Bond in the two Superman movie serials, _Superman_ (1948) and _Atom Man vs. Superman_ (1950). Jack Larson played the character on the _Adventures of Superman_ television show; Marc McClure in the _Superman_ movies of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as the 1984 film _Supergirl_; Michael Landes in the first season of _Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman_ and Justin Whalin in the subsequent three seasons; Sam Huntington in the 2006 movie _Superman Returns_; Aaron Ashmore in The CW's _Smallville_; and Michael Cassidy in the 2016 DC Extended Universe movie _Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice_. In the Arrowverse series _Supergirl_, he was portrayed by Mehcad Brooks. He is portrayed by Skyler Gisondo in the 2025 movie _Superman,_ set in the DC Universe (DCU) franchise.
Jonathan and Martha Kent

**Jonathan and Martha Kent** are fictional Superman characters who were the adopted parents when they found the baby Superman in the field. They appear in American comic books published by DC Comics. They cared for "Clark Kent" until he became an adult. The Kents died from a rare tropical disease with Martha dying first. Before he died, Jonathan told the Clark should use his powers for good in earth. In other cases, Jonathan dies and Martha is still alive.

## Jonathan and Martha Kent in other media

Glenn Ford and Phyllis Thaxter play Jonathan and Martha in _Superman: The Movie_, Eva Marie Saint plays Martha in _Superman Returns_, while Kevin Costner and Diane Lane play them in _Man of Steel_. Pruitt Taylor Vince will portray Jonathan Kent and Neva Howell will portray Martha Kent in the upcoming movie _Superman_, set in the DC Universe (DCU) franchise.

## Other websites

- Supermanica: Jonathan and Martha Kent
Martha Wayne

**Martha Wayne** (**née Kane**) is a fictional Batman character from DC Comics who was the mother of Bruce Wayne. She was the wife of Thomas Wayne. After her and her husband were killed, her only son, Bruce becomes Batman because of their killing. She was created by Bill Finger.

## In other media

Lauren Cohan plays Martha in the DC Extended Universe first appearing in _Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice_ (2016).
Thomas Wayne

**Thomas Alan Wayne, M.D.** is a fictional Batman character who was the father of Bruce Wayne and the husband of Martha Wayne. He was the founder of Wayne Enterprises and was one of Gotham's best doctors. He had a strong relationship with Bruce until he was killed along with his wife by Joe Chill. From his death Bruce became Batman to avenge their deaths.

## In other media

Jeffrey Dean Morgan plays Thomas in the DC Extended Universe first appearing in _Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice_ (2016) and Brett Cullen plays him in the 2019 movie _Joker_.
Bat-Signal

The **Bat-Signal** is a fictional distress signal appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics that shines a light into the sky with a shadow in the shape of a bat to call Batman and Robin when there's a crime happening or when James Gordon has a lead on a case in Gotham City. Gordon, Harvey Dent, Harvey Bullock, Hamilton Hill, and Barbara Gordon have access to the machine. Many spoofs of the machine are made in many television shows.

## In other media

It doubles as the primary logo for the Batman series of comic books, TV shows, and movies.
Wayne Manor

**Wayne Manor** is the home of Gotham City billionaire Bruce Wayne / Batman and his butler Alfred Pennyworth. It appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The manor was the childhood home of Bruce when his parents were alive. The Manor was part of the Wayne's family for generations. Under the manor is the Batcave or Batman's lair.

## Other websites

- Wayne Manor
Batcave

The **Batcave** is the fictional secret lair of the DC Comics superhero Batman. It is on the foundation of Wayne Manor. There are two ways into the cave, one is through a waterfall on the back of the cave and the other is a built-in elevator that leads from the library of Wayne Manor to the bridge of the cave. It holds all of Batman's secrets, gadgets, the Batmobile, and a real gorge. The cave also has millions of bats.

## In other media

The Batcave has appeared in different forms of media, including movies, television series, and video games.

## Other websites

- Top 10 Batcave Trophies  Article on ComicsBulletin about the Batcave Hall of Trophies
Wayne Enterprises

**Wayne Enterprises, Inc.,** also known as **WayneCorp** and **Wayne Industries,** is a fictional company that appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, most commonly in _Batman_ stories. It was created by Thomas Wayne. The company has three main owners Bruce Wayne, Dick Grayson, and CEO of the company Lucius Fox. The enterprises makes one the leading materials and technology in Gotham City. The company also makes and gives Batman all his gadgets and weapons he needs to save Gotham. The enterprise has about $31.6 million dollars.

## In other media

The company has been adapted to different forms of media, including movies, television series, and video games.
Batboat

The **Batboat** is the fictional waterboat that the DC Comics character Batman uses to travel to places on the sea or lakes. The boat was a product from Wayne Enterprises made by Lucius Fox. The boat holds many weapon buttons from Batman can push them to pull out a gadget and use it during and attack. The boat has enough space for two. The boat can also turn in a submarine.

## In other media

The boat has appeared in _Batman_, _Batman Returns_, and in _Batman Forever_.
Batcycle

The** Batcycle** is the fictional personal motorcycle for the DC Comics superhero Batman that has built-in guns. It also as a bullet proof window guard. The batcycle either comes alone or it is built into the Batmobile. The batcycle appeares in _Batman_ and as the** Bat Pod** in _The Dark Knight_ and in _The Dark Knight Rises_. In the Christopher Nolan movies, _The Dark Knight, _the cycle was built into the Batmobile,_ _and in_ The Dark Knight Rises_ the cycle was given to Catwoman. The cycle was built in Wayne Enterprises by Lucius Fox.
Bonnie Tyler

**Gaynor Hopkins** (born 8 June 1951), known as **Bonnie Tyler**, is a Welsh singer, songwriter.

She has had several major hit songs such as "Holding Out for a Hero", "Lost in France," "It's a Heartache" and "Total Eclipse of the Heart" which became major hits in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Tyler represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö with the song "Believe in Me". The song finished in 19th place.

## Awards and nominations

Tyler was nominated for a Grammy Award three times and a Brit Award three times. She was awarded an MBE in 2022.

## Albums

A list of Tyler's albums:

- _The World Starts Tonight_ (1977)
- _Natural Force_ (1978)
- _It's a Heartache_ (1978)
- _Diamond Cut_ (1979)
- _Goodbye to the Island_ (1981)
- _Faster Than The Speed Of Night_ (1983)
- _Secret Dreams And Forbidden Fire_ (1986)
- _Hide Your Heart_ (1988)
- _Notes From America_ (1988)
- _Bitterblue_ (1991)
- _Angel Heart_ (1992)
- _Silhouette In Red_ (1993)
- _Free Spirit_ (1995)
- _All In One Voice_ (1998)
- _Heart And Soul_ (2002) with the City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra
- _Simply Believe_ (2004)
- _Wings_ (2005)
- _Rocks and Honey_ (2013)

There are also collections of songs from the above albums.

## Other websites

- Bonnie Tyler official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bonnie Tyler
- **image**: Bonnie Tyler ESC - United Kingdom 01 crop.JPG
- **caption**: Tyler during a rehearsal for the Eurovision Song Contest in Malmö, Sweden on 15 May 2013
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Gaynor Hopkins
- **birth place**: Skewen, West Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop rock, Rock music, rock, country rock, Wagnerian rock, progressive rock, heartland rock, soft rock, hard rock, New Wave music, New Wave, disco, Pop music, pop, alternative rock
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA, Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis, Columbia Records, CBS, Columbia Records, Columbia, Hansa Records, Hansa, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, East West Records, East West, CMC International, CMC Records, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony, Stick Music, ZYX Music, Celtic Swan Recordings
- **website**: [http://www.bonnietyler.com _Official site_]
Batplane

**The Batplane**, later known as **the Batwing** is the personal airplane for Batman. The plane was built by Wayne Enterprises by Lucius Fox. It is part plane part helicopter or _The Batcopter_. The plane holds many guns and gadgets in case of an air attack. It also can air-park while up in the air. The plane appeared in _Batman_, _Batman Forever_, and as **The Bat** in _The Dark Knight Rises_.

## Other websites

- Batman: Collected Issues of the Dark Knight - Batman #203
- Batman: Yesterday, Today, & Beyond
- History of the Batplane
Batmobile

The **Batmobile** is a fictional car appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. It is the personal car for Batman and Robin. The Batmobile was made from Wayne Enterprises by Lucius Fox. The Batmobile appeared in all Batman movies ever made, but in Christopher Nolan's _The Dark Knight Trilogy_ it was named **The Tumbler** throughout the trilogy. The Batmobile holds many weapons and gadgets.

## In other media

The Batmobile has been adapted to different forms of media, including toys, movies, television series, and video games.

## Other websites

- 1989 Batmobile Replica from Batman Movies
- The History of the Batmobile
- Batman: Yesterday, Today and Beyond
- 1966 Bat Fan
- Batmobile - Batman Wiki
Blackgate Prison

**Blackgate Prison** is a fictional prison where normal prisoners are taken into jail. The prison is off the coast of Gotham Bay which is like Alcatraz Island. In other cases the prison is in the city such as in _The Dark Knight Rises_.

Blackgate Prison is unlike Arkham Asylum, in which many people like Rupert Thorne, Carmine Falcone, The Penguin, Ventriloquist, and Victor Zsasz are held. The prison was in _The Dark Knight Rises_ when Bane used the Batmobile to shoot the prison open to free all the prisoners to occupy Gotham.

## Other websites

- Blackgate Penitentiary at DC Comics Wiki
Arkham Asylum

**Arkham Asylum** is a fictional asylum in Gotham City where the crazy Batman criminals live. It appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. This includes: The Joker, Bane, Two-Face, Harley Quinn, Poison Ivy, Mr. Freeze, Riddler, Penguin, Scarecrow, Killer Croc, and Jeremiah Arkham. The leading doctor of Arkham was Jeremiah Arkham before turning into the second Black Mask. Arkham was destroyed many times and many times the criminals escaped.

## In other media

It has appeared in the movies, television series, and video games as well. Arkham appeared in _Batman Forever_, _Batman & Robin_ and in _Batman Begins_. Besides, _Batman: Arkham Asylum_ is an acclaimed action-adventure videogame created in 2009, followed by _Batman: Arkham City_ (2011) as the prequel called _Batman: Arkham Origins_ (2013) and the most recent installment _Batman: Arkham Knight_ (2015), which are set in the Batman universe, specifically in this fictional place.

## Other websites

- Arkham Care
- Batman-On-Film.com BOF's review of Arkam Asylum, A Serious House on a Serious Earth
- Official Videogame Website
Laura Leighton

**Laura Leighton** (July 24, 1968 in Iowa City, Iowa) is an American actress. She works mainly on television programs. She plays Ashley Marin in _Pretty Little Liars_. She also played Sydney Andrews in the primetime soap opera _Melrose Place_. Leighton has also appeared in other television shows.
Chairlift

A **chairlift**, also called an **elevated passenger ropeway**, is a type of public transport. It is like a chair that runs on cables. The cable is placed over the chair to lift it from the ground and they run between two (or more) stations. The cable is moved around by motors and lifted from the ground by towers. There are many chairs on the cable so that many people can be transported.

Chairlifts are found in skiing resorts, where they help skiers go up the mountain. They are sometimes better than gondola lifts because the skier does not need to remove the skis. They can sit down on the chair and then leave it at the top of the mountain very quickly. Old chairlifts are small and slow. Newer ones can carry up to eight people. They are also faster overall, but they slow down at the station, making it easier to get on and off. Sometimes they even have a glass bubble that can be closed to keep people warm inside.

## Related pages

- Gondola lift
- Cable car
Yasmine Bleeth

**Yasmine Amanda Bleeth** (June 14, 1968 in New York) is an American actress. She works mainly on television programs. She played Caroline Holden in the television soap _Baywatch_. She also did other television shows. She was born in New York City.
Gena Lee Nolin

**Gena Lee Nolin** (born November 29, 1971, Duluth, Minnesota) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television. She starred in the primetime television soap opera _Baywatch_. She also created her own show, _Sheena_, in 2000.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Gena Lee Nolin by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **caption**: Gena Lee Nolin, March 2018
- **name**: Gena Lee Nolin
- **birth place**: Duluth, Minnesota, U.S.
- **known for**: The Price Is Right
Baywatch
- **occupation**: Actress, model, television personality
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **children**: 3
Louise Fletcher

**Estelle Louise Fletcher** (July 22, 1934 – September 23, 2022) was an American actress. She won many awards for her television and movie acting. She is most famous for playing the main antagonist "Nurse Ratched" in the movie _One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest_ (1975). That earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress, a BAFTA Award, and a Golden Globe Award in 1976. She was also well known for her role as the Bajoran religious leader "Kai Winn Adami" in the television series _Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_ (1993–99). She acted in many other movies and television series.

She was born in Birmingham, Alabama, one of the four children of a deaf couple, Robert Capers Fletcher, an Episcopal Priest and his wife, Estelle.  Rev. Fletcher worked with hearing-impaired people. Fletcher and hersibling spent a year with a hearing aunt in Texas to enable them to learn to speak. Nevertheless, Fletcher did not fully use her voice until she was eight years old. Once her schoolteacher sent her home, convinced she was deaf.

Fletcher studied dramatic arts at the University of North Carolina, then moved to Los Angeles and acted in 1950s television series. She married the producer Jerry Bick in 1960 and quit acting to raise their two sons.  Fletcher and her family moved to London in 1967. Later, in the 1970s, she tried to return to acting but at first was unsuccessful. Finally, Robert Altman persuaded her to act in his crime drama, Thieves Like Us (1974).  The film was produced by her husband, making her fear being accused of nepotism.

When Fletcher accepted her Oscar for _One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest_ she ended her speech in sign language in recognition of  her parents' disability.  Alhough Fletcher never received a part as memorable as Nurse Ratched in later life, she continued to act throughout her life.

On September 23, 2022, Fletcher died at her home in Montdurausse, France, at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Louise Fletcher
- **image**: LouiseFletcherOscar (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Louise Fletcher in 1976
- **birth name**: Estelle Louise Fletcher
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1955–2017
- **birth place**: Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- **death place**: Montdurausse, France
- **children**: 2
- **known for**:
_Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_
Gena Rowlands

**Virginia Cathryn** "**Gena**" **Rowlands** (; June 19, 1930 – August 14, 2024) was an American actress. She won several Golden Globe and Emmy Awards. She starred opposite Robert Lansing in _The 87th Precinct_ as a woman who was deaf. She also acted in the 1980 picture _Gloria_ as the title character. In 2004, she starred as old Allie in _The Notebook_.

In November 2015, Rowlands received an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of her unique screen performances.

## Early life

Rowlands was born on June 19, 1930, in Madison, Wisconsin. She was raised in Washington, D.C., Milwaukee, Wisconsin and in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She left for New York City to study drama at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.

## Personal life

Rowlands was married to director John Cassavetes from 1954 until his death in 1989. They had three children, including director Nick Cassavetes. In 2012, Rowlands married businessman Robert Forrest.

In June 2024, it was revealed that Rowlands had been living with Alzheimer's disease for the past five years. She died from the disease at her home in Indian Wells, California, on August 14, 2024, at the age of 94.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gena Rowlands
- **image**: Gena Rowlands 87th Precinct 1961.JPG
- **caption**: Rowlands in 1961
- **birth name**: Virginia Cathryn Rowlands
- **birth place**: Madison, Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death place**: Indian Wells, California, Indian Wells, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Problems caused by Alzheimer's disease
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1949–2014
- **alma mater**: American Academy of Dramatic Arts
- **father**: Edwin Myrwyn Rowlands
- **mother**: Lady Rowlands
Diverticulitis

**Diverticulitis** is a disease of the digestive system. It is caused by inflammation of pouches (diverticula) in the walls of the bowel. It usually occurs in the large intestine. Diverticula can also be in the upper digestive tract at the level of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine.

## Symptoms

Symptoms of diverticulitis depend on the extent of inflammation in the intestine. Diverticulitis can be very painful. The pain is usually present in the lower abdomen on the left side. People with diverticulitis can also have nausea, vomiting, difficulty or pain while passing urine and changes in bowel habits.

## Complications

One of the complications of diverticulitis can be the formation of an abscess in the abdominal cavity. The inflammation or infection can then reach the abdominal wall and causes peritonitis. This infection can also spread to other parts of the body such as organs near the intestine, causing sepsis, which is dangerous. In addition, a fistula may form between the intestine and other organs. Diverticulitis may also cause a blockage in the colon.

## Prevention

To prevent diverticulitis, it is important to be active and to have a diet rich in fibers. These include eating (fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereals). It is also possible to reduce the risks of diverticulitis in several ways: chew foods before swallowing, defecate as soon as you feel the need, eat less fats and meats, do more physical activities, eat probiotics and drink water regularly.

## Diagnosis

To diagnose diverticulitis, it is important to do a barium enema X-ray to see the shape of the intestine wall.  Diverticula can be seen with a axial tomographie scan (CT scan). It is also possible to prescribe an abdominal radiograph to indicate if there is a perforation. After the acute phase or absence of acute diverticulitis, the doctor can prescribe a colonoscopy to look at the colon and determine the evolution of the disease.

## Surgery

The resection of the colon is the procedure most often used to treat severe diverticulitis. It is also possible to do a resection of the diseased part of the colon and make a colostomy. In fact, if a diverticulitis is too large, a colostomy could be necessary either temporarily or permanently.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Diverticulitis
- **other names**: The Brock Lesnar Disease
- **image**: Diverticula, sigmoid colon.jpg
- **caption**: Large bowel (sigmoid colon) showing multiple diverticula. The diverticula appear on either side of the longitudinal muscle bundle (taenium).
- **medlineplus**: 000257
- **emedicinesubj**: med
- **emedicinetopic**: 578
- **diseasesdb**: 3876
- **meshid**: D004238
Show jumping

**Show jumping** is an equestrian event that uses English riding. The rider and horse must complete an obstacle course under the rules of the International Federation of Equestrian sports (FEI).

The sport was born in the 18th century by fox hunters when England introduced fencing laws. Hunters were now obligated to jump fences and this became a very popular activity. In 1912, show jumping made its first appearance in the Olympic Games.

Show jumping is one of the very few sports where men and women are equal in competitions. This sport requires a muscular horse with a good cardiovascular endurance. Also, it must have a quick and stable temperament for the best performance. The breeds that are the most sought for this sport are Selle Français, Anglo-Arabe, Oldenburg, Warmblood (including Holsteiner and Hanoverian), Thoroughbred and Trakehner.

## Rules

To win the first place, the rider and his horse must complete the course as quickly as possible without making any mistakes. A fault or mistake occurs when the horse knocks down a fence or obstacle or if it disobeys; such as refusing to jump or makes a run-out. In fact, if a fault occurs the rider receives a penalty and loses automatically four points per mistake. Also, a rider can lose some points if he exceeds the given time; a penalty is deduced at each exceeding second. Also, a rider can be eliminated because of a fall down or does not do the course correctly. The course is established in advance by the course designer. A designated judge decides whether the rider is eliminated or not and if he is, the judge decides when.

The riders who complete a course without any mistake can go to the next step, which is the jump-off. It is a shorter race: again the goal is to complete the course as quickly as possible and without making any mistake. The rider who has the best time wins the competition. If mistakes are made, seconds are added to the final time and this is why only the time score determines the winners.

## Para-showjumping

Para-showjumping, or para-jumping, is show jumping for disabled people.
Pauline Gill

**Pauline Gill** is a writer from Quebec, member of . She grew up in Bas-St-Laurent and lived in Longueil for thirty-three years. She has been in Verchères since 2006.  She studied sociology, pedagogy, history and letters at university. From 1996 to 2001, Pauline Gill was a linguistic reviser for the Collège Rosemont and some publishing houses. She co-founded  in 1988, so she wrote some chronicles in its newspaper by the years.  In 2001, she has been co-scenarist to produce a television series on her trilogy **'.  Pauline Gill has accomplished a lot of things in her life.

Before starting only writing, she taught a lot (1959-1996) in primary schools, high schools and colleges. She taught sociology, gerontology and history of Quebec. She has also been a research assistant for the INRS (Briefly, ), sector society and culture. Since 1990, she has been writing full time. She writes history books that talk about women of the past who built Quebec. She wrote the trilogy _Docteure Irma_, about the life of Irma LeVasseur, first French Canadian woman who has studied medicine. She also wrote **', which is about Victoire Du Sault, the first lady to become a shoemaker. Other works are **', **', and __.

However, she not only wrote about history. She has also written for young people.

## Works

- La porte ouverte, Éditions du Méridien, 1990.
- Les enfants de Duplessis, 1991.
- Le château retrouvé, 1996.
- Dans l'attente d'un OUI, 1997
- Guide pour les aidants naturels, 1999
- La Cordonnière, 1998
- La jeunesse de la cordonnière 1999
- Le testament de la cordonnière, 2000
- Béni des dieux, 2000
- Réveil brutal à la forêt de Bonamandou, 2001
- Et pourtant elle chantait, 2001
- Les fils de la cordonnière, 2003
- La saga de la cordonnière, 2003
- Marie-Antoinette la dame de la rivière Rouge, 2005
- Docteure Irma, tome 1 - La louve blanche, 2006
- Dans les yeux de Nathan 2006 (Jeunesse)
- Le miracle de Juliette 2007 (Jeunesse)
- Évangéline et Gabriel, 2007
- Docteure Irma, tome 2 - L'Indomptable, 2008
- Docteure Irma, tome 3 - La soliste, 2009
- Gaby Bernier 2012
Islamic philosophy

**Islamic philosophy**  is philosophy that is practiced in countries where Islam has a strong influence on society. The product of Islamic philosophy is an Islamic society.  Philosophy, as a "project of independent philosophical inquiry", began in Baghdad in the middle of the eighth century.

Early Islamic philosophy refers to the time period of the 8th to the 12th century. This time is often called the Islamic Golden Age. There are two main branches of philosophy, Kalam, and Falsafa. Falsafa is a word that comes from Greek; it refers to the kind of philosophy much like it was done in Ancient Greece. Kalam literally means "speech": it uses dialectic in philosophy. One of the first "discussions" was about free will, a school called "Qadar" said there was free will, another school called the Jabarites said there was not.
Great highland bagpipe

The **Great Highland bagpipe** is a four-reed woodwind instrument from Scotland. The instrument is made of a leather or synthetic bag. The three drones are single-reed instruments and make harmonies. The chanter is a double-reed instrument used to play the melody. The instrument also has a blowpipe used to inflate the bag.

## Bag and blowpipe

The bag is filled with air by the player to inflate it and flow air into the drones and the chanter. The bag used to be made of leather (sheepskin or cow) but is now commonly made of synthetic material (Gore-Tex) for the ease of maintenance. The blowpipe is a simple pipe used to inflate the bag with the player’s breath.

## Drones

The great highland bagpipe has three drones used for harmonies. The big one is called a “bass drone” and the two little one are called the tenors. These three drones are tuned on the same note and give the background sound that harmonizes with the chanter. The length of the drones can be adjusted to tune them. If the length is shorten, the pitch will be sharper, if it’s lengthen, the pitch will be lower.

## Chanter

The chanter is a conical bored instrument with height holes in it. This instrument has been  made of wood since the instrument's origin but is now made of plastic in some cases. The player opens or closes some of these holes with his fingers to give the melody.

## Playing

To play the instrument, the player (called a bagpiper or a piper) will inflate the bag and will place it under his left arm when the bag is fully inflated. The piper will now keep the pressure in the instrument with his arm. When he has to stop breathing in the bag, he’ll use his elbow to press the bag and keep the pressure on. This way of playing gives the opportunity to the player to play music during a long period of time without stopping for the need of breathing. Once the instrument is inflated, the piper have to tune one of the drones to match the chanter and, after that, he'll tune drones to match them together. If the piper do this operation carefully, he will be able to have a perfectly balance instrument. Once it's done, the player can start playing his instrument.
Moral equivalence

**Moral equivalence** is a term used in political arguments or debate. It is an informal fallacy.  The phrase describes a kind of indirect proof, but the reasoning is flawed because it distorts issues.  It draws comparisons between different things to make a point that one is just as bad as the other or just as good as the other.

The user of the term imagines a kind of independent position above or beyond the two contenders.  The moral equivalence theory allows someone using the term to appear both objective and detached at the same time.

The general form of the context for the use of the trope is
- The actions of A are morally equivalent to the actions of B, therefore A is just as good or bad as B, regardless of what the actual actions are.
- Doing X is morally equivalent to doing Y, therefore someone doing X is just as good or bad someone doing Y, regardless of what X and Y actually are.

The concept of moral equivalence is not a term of philosophy; rather, it is only a logical fallacy used in arguments.

## History

It is usually used to suggest a moral or ethical hierarchy for two sides in a conflict -- that one is better or worse than the other. The term originates from a 1906 speech _The Moral Equivalent of War_ by William James.

The term's popular use was expanded by Jeane Kirkpatrick, who was US ambassador to the United Nations when  Ronald Reagan was President of the United States. In 1986, Kirkpatrick published "The Myth of Moral Equivalence" which responded to the argument that there was "no moral difference" between the Soviet Union and democratic states.

## Related pages

- False analogy
- Apples and oranges
- Morality
- Ethics
University of Bordeaux 1

The **University of Bordeaux 1** (**Bordeaux 1**) is a public university in Bordeaux. University of Bordeaux 1 has ten schools and colleges and gives much importance to scientific and technological research.

## Other websites

- Bordeaux I , official web site
Condenser (apparatus)

A **condenser** is a type of laboratory glassware. It is used to condense hot gases into liquids. A condenser is usually a long, circular glass tube. Inside the tube, there is another, smaller tube. The hot gas goes through the smaller inside tube surrounded by cold water from the outside. Cold water surrounds the smaller tube to lower the temperature of the gas inside the smaller tube. The cold water will keep getting replaced in the larger tube so that the cold water can keep removing heat from the gas.

A condenser is used for example in distillation, where the hot vapour needs to be cooled down back to liquid to be collected. It is also used in reflux where it makes sure that the solvent used does not boil and go away.
Margaret Whiting

**Margaret Whiting** (July 21, 1924 - January 10, 2011) was a US pop music singer. She recorded more than 700 songs, and sold millions of records.

Whiting was born in Detroit in 1924 into a musical family. Her father, Dick Whiting, was a song writer, and her mother, Eleanor Whiting, managed several performers. She began her recording career while she was still a teenager. Her father had worked with Johnny Mercer, and Mercer wrote songs and recorded with Whiting. Their duet, _Baby It's Cold Outside_, was huge hit.