juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Siege of Petersburg

The **Richmond–Petersburg Campaign** was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865. Fought during the American Civil War, it is more popularly known as the **Siege of Petersburg**. But it was not a classic military siege, in which a city is usually surrounded and all supply lines are cut off. Nor was it strictly limited to actions against Petersburg. The campaign consisted of nine months of trench warfare in which Union forces commanded by Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Petersburg unsuccessfully. Then the Union Army constructed trench lines that eventually extended over . They ran from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg. Petersburg was critical to the supply of Confederate Lieutenant General Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the railroad supply lines through Petersburg to Richmond. Many of these caused the lengthening of the trench lines, overloading dwindling Confederate resources.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Siege of Petersburg
- **partof**: the American Civil War
- **image**: Currier-Ives Third Petersburg.jpg
- **caption**: The Third Battle of Petersburg. Published by Currier & Ives,  1865
- **date**: June 9, 1864 – March 25, 1865
()
- **place**: Petersburg, Virginia
- **result**: United States, Union victory
- **commander1**: Ulysses S. Grant
George G. Meade
Benjamin Butler (politician), Benjamin F. Butler
- **commander2**: Robert E. Lee
P. G. T. Beauregard
- **units1**: *Army of the Potomac
*Army of the James
- **units2**: Army of Northern Virginia
Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia
- **strength1**: 67,000–125,000
- **strength2**: <span style="font-size: 150%;line-height:50%">∼</span> 52,000
- **casualties1**: 42,000 (estimate)
- **casualties2**: 28,000 (estimate)
Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh

In 2015, Islamic extremists killed four bloggers and a publisher in Bangladesh. A report by the Committee to Protect Journalists said Bangladesh was the fourth most deadly country for journalists.

In 2013, a local al-Qaeda group called Ansarullah Bengali Team had a list of 84 names of people it wanted silenced. By 2015, 8 of them were dead: Avajit Roy, Rajeeb Haider, Jafar Munshi, Mamun Hossain, Jagatjyoti Talukder, Arif Hossain Dwip, Ziauddin Zakaria Babu and Wasikur Rahman.

Jafar Munshi ( জাফর মুন্সি ) and Anjali Devi ( অঞ্জলী দেবীর ) were killed for supposed "defamation of religion", such as refusing to enforce hijab on students. Some of the people murdered were supporter of the Shahbag movement (শাহবাগ আন্দোলন ) named for the Shahbag (শাহবাগ) district: Ashraful Alam (আশরাফুল আলম ), Arif Raihan Deep (আরিফ রায়হান দীপ ), Nurul Islam Faruki (নুরুল ইসলাম ফারুকী), Jagat Jyoti Talukder (জগৎজ্যোতি তালুকদার ), and Jakaria Babu (জাকারিয়া বাবু ).

### March

Nazimuddin Samad, a law student, was hacked and shot to death on a busy street in Dhaka.

### April

Xulhaz Mannan, editor Of Bangladesh’s only LGBT magazine was hacked to death.

Rezaul Karim Siddique, English professor was hacked to death in the city of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, after he organized a music school.

### February

Avijit Roy, a writer who started the blog Mukto-Mona, was hacked to death with machetes in Dhaka after a book fair. His wife, Rafida Bonya Ahmed, was hurt.

### March

Washiqur Rahman Babu was killed with knives at his house in Dhaka. Police said he wrote about religion on Facebook under the name Washiqur Babu.

### May

Ananta Bijoy Das was a blogger with Avaijit Roy's Mukto-Mona. He was hacked to death with machetes in Sylhet.

### August

Niladri Chakrabarti wrote under the name Niloy Neel. He was killed in his apartment.

### October

Faisal Abedin Deepan was killed in his office. He was a publisher who published Roy's books. Another publisher, Ahmed Rahim Tutal, was attacked, but he lived.

## Deaths in 2013

Ahmed Rajib Haider was hacked to death near his home in Dhaka in February 2013. He wrote under the name Thaba Baba on his blog Somewhere in Blog.
Aysén Region

The **XI Aysén Region** () is one of the fifteen regions of Chile. It has four provinces.

The capital city of the region is Coyhaique. Other towns are Puerto Cisnes and Río Ibáñez.

## Provinces of the region

- Province of Coyhaique: capital Coyhaique.
- Province of General Carrera: capital Chile Chico.
- Province of Aysén: capital Puerto Aysén.
- Province of Capitán Prat: capital Cochrane
Magallanes Region

The **XII Magallanes Region** () is one of the fifteen regions of Chile. It has four provinces.
It contains the Chilean territorial claim in Antarctica.

The capital city of the region is Punta Arenas. Other towns are Puerto Natales, Porvenir and Puerto Williams.
This region has the world famous Torres del Paine National Park.

## Provinces of the region

- Province of Magallanes: capital Punta Arenas.
- Province of Última Esperanza: capital Puerto Natales.
- Province of Tierra del Fuego: capital Porvenir.
- Province of Antártica Chilena: capital Puerto Williams.
Santiago Metropolitan Region

The **Santiago Metropolitan Region** () is one of the fifteen regions of Chile. It has six provinces.

The capital city of the region is Santiago. Other towns are Providencia, Peñalolén and Lo Barnechea.

## Provinces of the region

- Province of Santiago: capital Santiago.
- Province of Melipilla: capital Melipilla.
- Province of Maipo: capital San Bernardo.
- Province of Cordillera: capital Puente Alto.
- Province of Chacabuco: capital Colina.
- Province of Talagante: capital Talagante.
Täuffelen

**Täuffelen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Täuffelen
- **municipality name**: Täuffelen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Täuffelen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Täuffelen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Seeland (administrative district), Seeland
- **postal code**: 2575
- **municipality code**: 0751
- **area**: 4.4
- **elevation**: 492
- **population**: 2613
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.taeuffelen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Epsach, Hagneck, Ligerz, Mörigen, Twann, Walperswil
Tavannes, Switzerland

**Tavannes** is a municipality in Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of the municipality of Tavannes

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Tavannes
- **municipality name**: Tavannes
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Tavannes COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Tavannes.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Jura bernois (administrative district), Jura bernois
- **postal code**: 2710
- **municipality code**: 0713
- **area**: 14.65
- **elevation**: 754
- **population**: 3525
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.tavannes.ch
- **mayor**: Jean-Pierre Aellen
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **places**: La Tanne
- **neighboring municipalities**: Saicourt, Reconvilier, La Heutte, Sonceboz-Sombeval, Corgémont, Tramelan, Mont-Tramelan
Owen Smith

**Owen Smith** (born 2 May 1970) is a British Labour Party politician. He has been the Member of Parliament for Pontypridd in Wales since 2010. In July 2015 he challenged Jeremy Corbyn for the leadership of the Labour Party. Before he became an MP he worked for the BBC and as a lobbyist for Pfizer, a company that makes drugs or pharmaceuticals.
Lobbying

**Lobbying** is the act of trying to persuade people or governments to make decisions or support something. Lobbying can be done by many sorts of people, alone or in groups. Often it is done by big businesses, political parties, social movements, or ethnic groups. It can also be done by politicians and by ordinary citizens. **Lobbyists** are people whose job it is to lobby for big businesses or political parties. The word lobbying comes from the lobby of the Palace of Westminster in London. The lobby is between the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and there people would try to meet politicians as they came in and went out.

## Related pages

- Activism
- Identity politics
- Think tank
Pontypridd

**Pontypridd** is a town in southern Wales. It is about ten miles south of Wales' capital city, Cardiff. Its name comes from the Welsh "Pont-y-ty-pridd” which means 'bridge by the earthen house'.
Princess of Xiaohe

The **Princess of Xiaohe** () was unearthed and named by the archaeologists of Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology at Xiaohe Cemetery Tomb M11, 102 km west of Loulan, Nop Nur, Xinjiang in 2003. She is different from the female mummy discovered in 1934 described below. She has flaxen hair and long eyelashes and was wrapped in a white wool cloak with tassels and wore a felt hat, string skirt, and fur-lined leather boots. She was buried with wooden pins and three small pouches of ephedra and twigs and branches of ephedra were placed beside the body. She is not permanently exhibited in any museum. In 2010, she was exhibited at Bowers Museum in Santa Ana, California, Houston Museum of Natural Science and University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. In 2019, she was exhibited at Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology at Peking University.

The previously called **Princess of Xiaohe** (), also known as the **Beauty of Xiaohe** (), is a different female mummy discovered in 1934 by Swedish archaeologist Folke Bergman, at Xiaohe Tomb (小河墓地; literally "Little River Tomb"), Luobu Po (罗布泊), Ruoqiang County (若羌县), Xinjiang. Because of its beauty, this mummy was also nicknamed **Marlene Dietrich of the Desert** and **Sophia Loren of Xiaohe**.

The mummy was discovered in the Tarim Basin, 60 km south of the river Konqi He (孔雀河) at the coordinates .

Estimated to have lived between 1900 BC and 1613 BC, the mummy was between 20 and 40 years old when she died, and stands out among other mummies found nearby for her Indo-European features. The mummy's hair, teeth and eyelashes are well preserved; its face has a sharp nose and deep eyes.

## Related pages

- Beauty of Loulan
Teuffenthal

**Teuffenthal** is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Teuffenthal
- **municipality name**: Teuffenthal
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Teuffenthal COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Thun (administrative district), Thun
- **postal code**: 3623
- **municipality code**: 0940
- **area**: 4.5
- **elevation**: 956
- **highest m**: 1396
- **lowest m**: 770
- **population**: 161
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.teuffenthal.ch
- **mayor**: Franziska Fuss
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eriz, Heiligenschwendi, Homberg, Switzerland, Homberg, Horrenbach-Buchen, Oberlangenegg, Sigriswil
Thierachern

**Thierachern** is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Thierachern
- **municipality name**: Thierachern
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Thierachern COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Thierachern.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Thun (administrative district), Thun
- **postal code**: 3634
- **municipality code**: 0941
- **area**: 7.5
- **elevation**: 610
- **population**: 2350
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.thierachern.ch
- **mayor**: Hans Jörg Kast
- **neighboring municipalities**: Amsoldingen, Forst-Längenbühl, Thun, Uebeschi, Uetendorf
- **twintowns**: Sezimovo Ústí, Sezimovo Usti (Czech Republic)
Thörigen

**Thörigen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Thörigen
- **image photo**: Thörigen.jpg
- **municipality name**: Thörigen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Thörigen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 3367
- **municipality code**: 0989
- **area**: 4.5
- **elevation**: 483
- **population**: 1064
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.thoerigen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bettenhausen, Switzerland, Bettenhausen, Bleienbach, Bollodingen, Herzogenbuchsee, Ochlenberg, Thunstetten
Thun

**Thun** () is a city of the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The city has about 43,783 inhabitants (around 90,000 in the agglomeration), as of 31 December 2013.

It is located where the Aare flows out of Lake Thun (Thunersee), 30 km (19 mi) south of Berne.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the city of Thun

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Thun
- **image photo**: 1 thun castle view 2012.jpg
- **image caption**: Thun in 2012
- **municipality name**: Thun
- **municipality type**: town, municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Thun BE COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Thun.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Thun (administrative district), Thun
- **postal code**: 3600-3645
- **municipality code**: 0942
- **area**: 21.57
- **elevation**: 560
- **elevation description**: Railway station
- **highest m**: 1172
- **highest**: Dürrenbergwald
- **lowest m**: 552
- **lowest**: Aare at Lerchenfeld
- **population**: 42735
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.thun.ch
- **mayor**: Raphael Lanz
- **mayor asof**: February 2014
- **mayor party**: SVP/UDC
- **mayor title**: Stadtpräsident
- **list of mayors**: List of mayors of Thun
- **executive name**: Gemeinderat
- **executive number of members**: 5
- **parliament name**: Stadtrat
- **parliament number of members**: 40
- **neighboring municipalities**: Amsoldingen, Heiligenschwendi, Heimberg, Switzerland, Heimberg, Hilterfingen, Homberg, Switzerland, Homberg, Schwendibach, Spiez, Steffisburg, Thierachern, Uetendorf, Zwieselberg
Jerusalem Archaeological Park

**Jerusalem Archaeological Park** (also known as **Ophel Garden**) is an archaeological park and visitor centre. It is in the Old City of Jerusalem. The park is south of the Western Wall Plaza and under the Dung Gate.

## Other websites

- Jerusalem Archaeological Park
Jonzac

**Jonzac** is a commune and a sub-prefecture in southwestern France, in the Charente-Maritime department (Nouvelle-Aquitaine region).

It is the capital of the southern _arrondissement_ of the Charente-Maritime department.

## History

Jonzac is in the historical region of _Haute Saintonge_. The city started on two hills, _Balaguier_ et _Montguimar_, where are the main historical buildings of the city: the _Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais de Jonzac_ church and the _Château de Jonzac_ castle.

## Geography

The city of Jonzac is far from the prefecture of Charente-Maritime, La Rochelle, that is at  to the northwest, but it is at only  from Angoulême, prefecture of the neighbour department of Charente, and at  from Bordeaux, prefecture of the department of Gironde and main city of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Jonzac has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The _communes_ that are around Jonzac are Saint-Martial-de-Vitaterne, Réaux,  Champagnac, Ozillac, Saint-Simon-de-Bordes and Saint-Simon-de-Bordes.

The Seugne river, a left tributary of the Charente river, flows through the city from southeast to northwest.

### Climate

The climate of Jonzac, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

With a population of 3,465, Jonzac has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

The inhabitants of Jonzac are known, in French, as _Jonzacais_ (women: _Jonzacaises_).

## Administration

Jonzac is a subprefecture of the Charente-Maritime department since 1800. Its INSEE code is 197 (combined with the code of the department: 17197). It is also the capital of the canton of Jonzac.

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Jonzac
- Communes of the Charente-Maritime department

## Other websites

- Ville de Jonzac - official website
- Jonzac Tourism website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Jonzac
- **image coat of arms**: Blason_ville_fr_Jonzac_(Charente-Maritime).svg
- **image**: Chateau de Jonzac.jpg
- **caption**: _Chateau de Jonzac_
- **arrondissement**: Jonzac
- **canton**: Jonzac
- **intercommunality**: Haute-Saintonge
- **mayor**: Claude Belot
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 57
- **elevation min m**: 26
- **elevation max m**: 87
- **area km2**: 13.09
- **population demonym**: Jonzacais
- **population**: 3465
- **population date**: 2012
- **insee**: 17197
- **postal code**: 17500
- **website**: [http://www.villedejonzac.fr www.villedejonzac.fr]
Alex Higgins

**Alex Higgins** (March 18, 1949 – July 24, 2010) was a snooker player from Northern Ireland. He was born in Belfast and started playing snooker at the age of 11. He became a professional player in 1972 when he was 22. He won the 1972 World Snooker Championship by beating John Spencer 37 frames to 32. Ten years later, he won the 1982 World Snooker Championship by defeating Ray Reardon 18 frames to 15. Higgins was nicknamed the "Hurricane" because of his fast play around the table. Higgins retired from professional snooker in 1997.

Higgins smoked 60 cigarettes a day for many years. In June 1998, He was found to have throat cancer. On July 24, 2010, he died in Belfast at the age of 61. The cause of death was a combination of malnutrition, pneumonia, and a bronchial condition. He was clear from throat cancer when he died.
Thunstetten

**Thunstetten** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Thunstetten
- **municipality name**: Thunstetten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Thunstetten COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Thunstetten.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 4922
- **municipality code**: 0342
- **area**: 9.7
- **elevation**: 541.1
- **population**: 3199
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.thunstetten.ch
- **mayor**: Alfred Röthlisberger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aarwangen, Bleienbach, Graben, Switzerland, Graben, Herzogenbuchsee, Langenthal, Switzerland, Langenthal,  Thörigen
Toffen

**Toffen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Toffen
- **municipality name**: Toffen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Toffen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Toffen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3125
- **municipality code**: 0884
- **area**: 4.88
- **elevation**: 527
- **population**: 2499
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.toffen.ch
- **mayor**: Ruth Rohr
- **neighboring municipalities**: Belp, Belpberg, Gelterfingen, Kaufdorf, Niedermuhlern, Rüeggisberg, Wald, Bern, Wald
Stitch (Lilo & Stitch)

**Stitch** is the main character of the Disney _Lilo & Stitch_ franchise. He is voiced by creator Chris Sanders. He is an alien that poses as a dog.

## Biography

Stitch was created as Jumba Jookiba's 626th experiment. He left the galactic prison and landed on Hawaii, where he met Lilo Pelekai.
Berga

**Berga** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 22.54 km² and a population of 16,663 people. Berga name is from the Bergistani, an Iberian tribe who lived in the area before the Roman conquest. Berga was ruled by viscounts in the Early Middle Ages. It had its own counts starting in 988. Berga was sold to King Peter II of Aragon in 1199.

Berga is perhaps most famous for its traditional festival of "La Patum". The celebration occurs every Corpus Christi, lasting for five days.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Berga
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Berga Spain.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Berga.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ivan Sànchez
- **area total km2**: 22.54
- **population total**: 16,663
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 739.3
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08600, 08611
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08022
Planum

***Planum*** is an Italian academic journal about urban planning and design. It is published in Italy by the Italian National Institute of Urban Planning.

## Other websites

- Planum  website
Power (Kanye West song)

"**Power**" is a song by American hip hop performer Kanye West. It was released as the main single from his album _My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy_. It peaked at #22 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 chart. It got very good reviews from critics.

## Info

The song is performed by Kanye West. It has extra vocals from the soul singer Dwele. It was co-produced by West and Symbolyc One. The song has samples from "21st Century Schizoid Man" by King Crimson, "Afromerica" by Continent Number 6 and "It's Your Thing" by Cold Grits.
T24

**T24** (Techno 24, ) is a Russian scientific educational TV channel. It is devoted to the achievements of science in the civil and military technologies, development of engineers and designers; it explains the newest types of weapons, space exploration, sports science, engineering and strategic sites. It is a part of the "Digital TV" package of media holding VGTRK.

## History

The 24TECHNO TV channel began broadcasting on 18 June 2007. It was the sixth TV channel of "ArtMedia Group", the leading manufacturer of TV channels for basic cable and satellite broadcasting.

At first, T24 provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science: technique, technology and incredible experiments. The main idea of the channel was to bring together the best scientific programs of Russian and overseas production.

Half of the content was Russian, including the channel’s original content. The other 50% of broadcasting was filled with Western programs and films which met the channel`s subject . 24TEHNO TV used to buy programs from companies such as BBC, Electric Sky, F For Films, World Wide Entertainment and others. Categories: "Man", "Technology", "Discovery", "Space", "The X-Files", "Curiosities" and "Evolution" explained the latest scientific developments in different science branches, as well as the history of discoveries. By 2008, the audience of the channel had reached two million people from Russia, CIS and Baltic countries. At 2011, entered media holding "NCC Media".

On 1 February 2015 former 24TECHNO entered the thematic channels package "Digital TV" (subsidiary RTR and "Rostelecom"). There was a full restart of the channel. The channel got the name " TEHNO 24" or "T24", a new logo and corporate identity, and a new programming lineup. The main idea of the channel was also changed. Oleg Ternovoy became an editor of the “24T”. After restarting, the updated "T24" will offer its viewers a few special projects dedicated to tanks, modern armies armament , as well as will make shows about men, enthusiastic restoration of military equipment. Two "T24" projects are devoted to military and civil engineering. The basis of “T24” is the channel’s own content. In 2015, viewers saw 500 hours of original content. The audience of the channel at the time of start-up was 15.2 million subscribers in Russia, the Baltics and the CIS.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: T24
- **launch date**: 2015
- **picture format**: 16:9 576i SDTV
- **network**: All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, VGTRK
- **owner**: Government of Russia, Russian Government
- **country**: Russia
- **area**: Worldwide
- **headquarters**: Moscow, Russia
- **cable serv 1**: Natsionalnye Kabelnye Seti
Seugne

The **Seugne** is a  river in southwestern France and a left tributary of the Charente river. It flows through the Charente-Maritime department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

## Geography

The Seugne river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 7.6 cubic metres per second at _Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne_.

### Course

The Seugne river starts in the _commune_ of Montlieu-la-Garde, near the place called _Chez Bourdeau_, at an elevation of about . It flows generally north-northwest.

The river flows through the small cities of Jonzac, subprefecture and Pons, both in the Charente-Maritime department.

After the small town of Colombiers, the river flows into the Charente river in  Les Gonds, a suburb of Saintes.

The Seugne flows through 2 _arrondissements_ (Jonzac and Saintes), 7 cantons and 34 _communes_, all in the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region:

The river starts in the canton of Montlieu-la-Garde, flows through the cantons of Montendre, Jonzac, Saint-Genis-de-Saintonge, Pons, Gémozac and, finally, ends in the canton of Saintes-Est.

It flows through the following communes, from its starts to its confluence : Montlieu-la-Garde, Chepniers, Pouillac, Sainte-Colombe, Polignac, Chatenet, Le Pin, Sousmoulins, Mérignac, Pommiers-Moulons, Vibrac, Chaunac, Fontaines-d'Ozillac, Léoville, Saint-Médard, Champagnac, Ozillac, Jonzac, Saint-Germain-de-Lusignan, Lussac, Clion, Saint-Georges-Antignac, Mosnac, Fléac-sur-Seugne, Belluire, Pons, Bougneau, Saint-Léger, Colombiers, Montils, La Jard, Berneuil, Les Gonds, Courcoury, Saint-Sever-de-Saintonge.

## Main tributaries

All the tributaries of the Seugne river are small rivers or streams:

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - Station P9001510 - La Seugne à Saint-Seurin-de-Palenne

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Seugne
- **image**: Seugne01.jpg
- **image caption**: The Seugne in Jonzac
- **pushpin map**: France#France Nouvelle-Aquitaine
- **source1 location**: near Montlieu-la-Garde
- **mouth location**: Charente (river), Charente
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Trachselwald

**Trachselwald** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the Swiss canton of Bern.

## Other websites

- Official website of Trachselwald

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Trachselwald
- **municipality name**: Trachselwald
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Trachselwald COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Trachselwald.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Emmental (administrative district), Emmental
- **postal code**: 3456
- **municipality code**: 0958
- **area**: 15.98
- **elevation**: 685
- **lowest m**: 660
- **highest m**: 1200
- **population**: 995
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.trachselwald.ch
- **mayor**: Christian Kopp
- **mayor asof**: January 2009
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsident
- **neighboring municipalities**: Langnau im Emmental, Lauperswil, Lützelflüh, Rüderswil, Sumiswald
Tramelan

**Tramelan** is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Tramelan official website
- Trambulle Comics Festival
- Armand Nicolet homepage

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Tramelan
- **municipality name**: Tramelan
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Tramelan COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Tramelan.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Jura bernois (administrative district), Jura bernois
- **postal code**: 2720
- **municipality code**: 0446
- **area**: 24.88
- **population**: 4390
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.tramelan.ch
- **mayor**: Milly Bregnard
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **executive name**: Conseil municipal
- **executive number of members**: 7
- **parliament name**: Conseil général
- **parliament number of members**: 37
- **neighboring municipalities**: Corgémont, La Chaux-des-Breuleux (JU), Le Bémont (JU), Les Genevez (JU), Montfaucon, Switzerland, Montfaucon (JU), Mont-Tramelan, Saicourt, Saignelégier (JU), Tavannes, Switzerland, Tavannes
National Liberation Day of Korea

The **National Liberation Day of Korea**, is a holiday on August 15 in both North and South Korea. It is to celebrate Victory over Japan Day, the day when Korea was freed from Imperial Japanese control by the United States and the Soviet Union. In South Korean, it is written as 광복절 or 光復節, and pronounced **gwangbokjeol**. In North Korea, it is written as 조국해방의 날 or 祖國解放의 날, and is pronounced **jogukhaebangui nal**.

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: Gwangbokjeol/Jogukhaebangui nal
- **type**: National
- **observedby**: North and South Korea
- **date**: August 15
United States of America Mathematical Olympiad

**United States of America Mathematical Olympiad**, or **USAMO**, is a highly selective (only very good people take it) mathematics competition that takes place in the United States. The first USAMO was in 1972. It is the final round of the AMC series of contests. **The United States of America Junior Mathematical Olympiad (USAJMO)** was created in 2010 to recognize top scorers based on their AMC10-based index (score). Qualifying for the USAMO is considered one of the most prestigious, or best, awards for high school students in the United States, with only 264 students qualifying in 2013 out of over 350,000 students competing. Top scorers on the USAMO are invited to the Mathematical Olympiad Summer Program to represent the United States at the International Mathematical Olympiad.

### Competitions

The AMC Competition Series consists of multiple tests to determine the 6 people that will represent the United States in the International Mathematical Olympiad:
- AMC 8/10/12 is available for everyone who is not over 8th, 10th, or 12th grade, respectively.
- AIME can only be taken by people who have done very well on the AMC 10 and 12.
- USAMO can only be taken by people who have done very well on the AIME and AMC 12.

### MOP

Mathematical Olympiad Program, is an intense summer program for the top scorers in the USAMO. In MOP, students take tests called TSTST and TST. 6 top scorers will represent the United States at the IMO.
Joey Graceffa

**Joseph Michael "Joey" Graceffa** (born May 16, 1991) is an American YouTuber who became known for his musical parodies, including the 2012 Hunger Games song "I Wanna Go." He competed in the 22nd and 24th seasons of The Amazing Race. In 2014, he won a Streamy Award for Best Actor in a Drama for Storytellers. He started his YouTube career making videos (short movies) with Brittany Joyal. In 2012 they stopped working together.

Graceffa launched his own web series on Teen.com called Joey's Dystopia. He released a book in 2015 titled _In Real Life: My Journey to a Pixelated World_. In the book he came out as gay. He also later released a music video called "Don't Wait" introducing his boyfriend, Daniel Preda. Graceffa has 3.9 million followers on Twitter (October 2017). He has also released a storybook series, called the Children of Eden. On October 4, 2016, Graceffa, along with co-author Laura L. Sullivan, released a young adult novel titled _Children of Eden_. The sequel, _Elites of Eden_, was published on October 3, 2017.

## Personal life

He grew up with his family in Boston before moving on his own to California to pursue his career. His parents divorced when he was young. He has a brother named Jett and a sister named Nicole. In 2016 he introduced his boyfriend, Daniel Preda. He is good friends with many fellow YouTubers, including Cat Valdes and Louise Pentland.

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: Joey Graceffa
- **image**: Joey Graceffa by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Joey Graceffa speaking at the 2014 VidCon
- **birth name**: Joseph Michael Graceffa
- **birth place**: Marlborough, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **website**: http://joeygraceffa.com/
- **channel name**: JoeyGraceffa
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **genre**: vlogging, gaming, how-to
- **subscribers**: 8,931,835 subscribers (main) 2,590,135 subscribers (gaming)
- **views**: 978 million views (main),
300 million views (gaming)
1.2 billion views (combined main and gaming)
- **associated acts**: Shane Dawson, Miranda Sings, Tyler Oakley
- **subscriber date**: August 2016
- **view date**: August 2016
- **silver button**: yes
- **gold button**: yes
- **silver year**: 2012
- **gold year**: 2013
- **partner**: Daniel Christopher Preda
Treiten

**Treiten** () is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Treiten
- **municipality name**: Treiten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Treiten COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Seeland (administrative district), Seeland
- **postal code**: 3226
- **municipality code**: 0500
- **area**: 4.7
- **elevation**: 442
- **population**: 434
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.treiten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Brüttelen, Finsterhennen, Kallnach, Kerzers (FR), Müntschemier
Trimstein

**Trimstein** was a municipality in Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, Trimstein became part of Münsingen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Trimstein
- **municipality name**: Trimstein
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Trimstein COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3083
- **municipality code**: 0631
- **area**: 3.6
- **elevation**: 630
- **population**: 499
- **populationof**: Dec 2010
- **website**: www.trimstein.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Konolfingen, Münsingen, Rubigen, Schlosswil, Worb
ISO 3166-2:PY

**ISO 3166-2:PY** is the entry for Paraguay in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces, departments or states) of all countries that are in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Paraguay, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 capital and 17 departments. The capital of the country Asunción is similar to the departments.

Each code has of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the second part is either of the following:
- two digits (1–16, 19): departments
- three letters: the capital district, Asunción

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

|Code|Subdivision name|
| --- | --- |
||Asunción|
||Alto Paraguay|
||Alto Paraná|
||Amambay|
||Boquerón|
||Caaguazú|
||Caazapá|
||Canindeyú|
||Central|
||Concepción|
||Cordillera|
||Guairá|
||Itapúa|
||Misiones|
||Paraguarí|
||Presidente Hayes|
||San Pedro|

## Related pages

- Departments of Paraguay

## Other websites

- ISO Online Browsing Platform: PY
- Departments of Paraguay, Statoids.com
Departments of Paraguay

**Paraguay** has 17 **departments** and one capital district (_Distrito Capital_). The departments are formed by districts.

The departments are grouped in two geographic regions, separated by the Paraguay river:
- **Occidental** (Western) region or **Chaco**, to the north of the Paraguay river (departments: Alto Paraguay, Boquerón and Presidente Hayes)
- **Oriental** (Eastern) region, to the south of the Paraguay river (departments: Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Misiones, Paraguarí, San Pedro and Ñeembucú; the capital district is part of this region)

|Code|Department|Capital|Population <small>(2012)</small>|Area <small>(km²)</small>|Density <small>(Inh./km²)</small>|Districts||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|PY-01|Concepción|align="left"|Concepción||||8|
|PY-02|San Pedro|style="text-align:left;"|San Pedro||||20|
|PY-03|Cordillera|style="text-align:left;"|Caacupé||||20|
|PY-04|Guairá|style="text-align:left;"|Villarrica||||18|
|PY-05|Caaguazú|style="text-align:left;"|Coronel Oviedo||||21|
|PY-06|Caazapá|style="text-align:left;"|Caazapá||||10|
|PY-07|Itapúa|style="text-align:left;"|Encarnación||||30|
|PY-08|Misiones|style="text-align:left;"|San Juan Bautista||||10|
|PY-09|Paraguarí|style="text-align:left;"|Paraguarí||||17|
|PY-10|Alto Paraná|style="text-align:left;"|Ciudad del Este||||21|
|PY-11|Central|style="text-align:left;"|Areguá||||19|
|PY-12|Ñeembucú|style="text-align:left;"|Pilar||||16|
|PY-13|Amambay|style="text-align:left;"|Pedro Juan Caballero||||4|
|PY-14|Canindeyú|style="text-align:left;"|Salto del Guairá||||12|
|PY-15|Presidente Hayes|Villa Hayes||||8||
|PY-16|Alto Paraguay|style="text-align:left;"|Fuerte Olimpo||||4|
|PY-19|Boquerón|style="text-align:left;"|Filadelfia||||3|
|PY-ASU|_Distrito Capital_|align="left"|Asunción||||6|
|align="left" colspan="3"|**Oriental** (Eastern)|||||||
|align="left" colspan="3"|**Occidental** (Western) or **Chaco**|||||||

## Related pages

- ISO 3166-2:PY

## Other websites

- Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
Trubschachen

**Trubschachen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Economy

Kambly is a Swiss biscuit factory headquartered in Trubschachen.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Trubschachen
- **municipality name**: Trubschachen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Trubschachen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Trubschachen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Emmental (administrative district), Emmental
- **postal code**: 3555
- **municipality code**: 0909
- **area**: 15.6
- **elevation**: 731
- **population**: 1419
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.trubschachen.ch
- **mayor**: Beat Fuhrer
- **mayor party**: glp
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eggiwil, Langnau im Emmental, Trub
- **twintowns**: Strmilov (Czech Republic), Midway, Utah (United States)
Tschugg

**Tschugg** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Tschugg
- **municipality name**: Tschugg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Tschugg COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Tschugg.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Seeland (administrative district), Seeland
- **postal code**: 3233
- **municipality code**: 0501
- **area**: 3.3
- **elevation**: 492
- **population**: 448
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.tschugg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Erlach, Switzerland, Erlach Gals, Gampelen, Ins, Switzerland, Ins
Kalika Purana

The **Kalika Purana** is a Hindu script. It is one of the 18 uppurana. There are 98 lesson and 9000 sloka in this holy book. This is the only book written for Goddess Kali and her special form. It explains the kamrupa mountain, river and kamakhya temple. It also records how to worship Kali, Kamakhya and Durga. It is the main book of the Shakta branch in Hinduism. Probably this book was written in Kamrup (present Assam) or Bengal. This Purana is an important scripture. Most modern writers mention that it is a main script of shaktadharma. This Purana mentions the mythological story. It is the rare book where we find the term of Hindu.

The oldest printed version of the Kalika Purana was printed in Mumbai in 1907 by Venkateswar Press. Later  the first Bengali version of was printed by Kolkata Bangabasi Press in 1909.
Trabzon

**Trabzon**,  is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey. It is the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon is well known for its fish production. It started as a trading colony of ancient Greece and later became capital of the Empire of Trabizond.
Wabern bei Bern

**Wabern bei Bern** is a village in the municipality of Köniz in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
Branching

**Branching** is a term in linguistics. It refers to the way a phrase or sentence is made up. There is a **head word** and various other words to make the phrase or sentence.

## Examples

Most languages make phrases with a head word and dependents (modifiers). These examples show the phrase heads in bold.

Examples of left-branching phrases (= head-final phrases):
    - the **house** <small>- Noun phrase (NP)</small>
    - very **happy** <small>- Adjective phrase (AP)</small>
    - too **slowly** <small>- Adverb phrase (AdvP)
</small>

Examples of right-branching phrases (= head-initial phrases):
    - **laugh** loudly <small>- Verb phrase (VP)</small>
    - **with** luck <small>- Prepositional phrase (PP)</small>
    - **that** it happened <small>- Subordinator phrase (SP = subordinate clause)</small>

Example of phrases that contain both left- and right-branching (= head-medial phrases):
    - the **house** there <small>- Noun phrase (NP)</small>
    - very **happy** with it <small>- Adjective phrase (AP)</small>
    - only **laugh** loudly <small>- Verb phrase (VP)</small>

Most structures in English are, however, not completely left- or completely right-branching, but rather they combine both. The following trees show a combination of left- and right-branching in English:

There are more right-branching structures than left-branching structures in English. This means that trees usually grow down to the right.
Mürren

**Mürren** is a village in the municipality of Lauterbrunnen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website
Ghasem Rezaei

**Ghasem Rezaei** (Persian: قاسم رضايى, born August 18, 1985 in Amol) is an Iranian wrestler from Mazandaran Province of Iran.
He won the gold medal in the men’s 96 kg Greco-Roman at the 2012 London Olympics. Rezaei won the bronze medal in the men's 96 kg Greco-Roman at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Rezaei's first success at the international level was 2007 when he won bronze in the FILA Senior World Championships.

## Other websites

- FILA Legends: 2012 Olympian Ghasem Rezaei
- profile
Seeland (administrative district)

The administrative district of **Seeland** in the Swiss canton of Bern has 46 municipalities in an area of 335 km².

|Flag|Name|Population (Dec 2008)|Area in km²|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**Aarberg**|3,963|7.92|
||Arch|1,560|6.37|
||Bangerten|161|2.19|
||Bargen|986|7.88|
||Brüttelen|592|6.62|
||Büetigen|791|3.62|
||Bühl bei Aarberg|427|2.95|
||Büren an der Aare|3,220|12.64|
||Busswil bei Büren|1,931|3.06|
||Diessbach bei Büren|873|6.27|
||Dotzigen|1,346|4.22|
||Epsach|348|3.44|
||Erlach|1,146|3.50|
||Finsterhennen|470|3.56|
||Gals|708|7.84|
||Gampelen|772|10.75|
||Grossaffoltern|2,823|15.01|
||Hagneck|412|1.84|
||Hermrigen|238|3.43|
||Ins|3,133|23.91|
||Jens|662|4.56|
||Kallnach|1,513|10.65|
||Kappelen|1,194|10.97|
||Leuzigen|1,188|10.27|
||Lüscherz|530|5.44|
||Lyss|11,423|11.76|
||Meienried|52|0.65|
||Merzligen|402|2.27|
||Müntschemier|1,276|4.88|
||Niederried bei Kallnach|286|4.54|
||Oberwil bei Büren|797|6.72|
||Radelfingen|1,178|14.72|
||Rapperswil|2,120|18.19|
||Ruppoldsried|264|2.192|
||Rüti bei Büren|810|6.50|
||Schüpfen|3,374|19.83|
||Seedorf|2,989|20.92|
||Siselen|579|5.50|
||Studen|2,705|2.73|
||Täuffelen|2,537|4.40|
||Treiten|412|4.75|
||Tschugg|427|3.30|
||Vinelz|822|4.57|
||Walperswil|878|6.94|
||Wengi|615|7.06|
||Worben|2,276|2.81|
Concepción Department, Paraguay

The **Concepción department** () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Concepción.

Its ISO 3166-2 code  is **PY-1**.

## Geography

The Concepción department is in the central part of the country, in the northwest of the _Oriental_ region. It has an area of , with a population of 189,929 for a Population density of .

### Limits

- To the north: Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil), separated by the Apa river.
- To the south: San Pedro department, separated by the Ypané river.
- To the east: Amambay department.
- To the west: Presidente Hayes and Alto Paraguay departments, separated from them by the Paraguay river.

### Rivers

The main river in the department is the Paraguay river. Other rivers are the Apa and the Ypané.

### Climate

, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Concepción was . The month with the most precipitation  was March with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .

The average temperature for the year 2012 in Concepción was . The warmest month, on average, was January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

## Districts

The department is divided in 11 districts:

|class="unsortable"|No.|Districts|Area <small>(km²)</small>|Population <small>(2015)</small>|Density|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|align="left"|Azotey||||
|2|align="left"|Belén||||
|3|align="left"|Concepción||||
|4|align="left"|Horqueta||||
|5|align="left"|Loreto||||
|6|align="left"|Paso Barreto||||
|7|align="left"|San Alfredo||||
|8|align="left"|San Carlos del Apa||||
|9|align="left"|San Lázaro||||
|10|align="left"|Sargento José Félix López||||
|11|align="left"|Yby Ya'ú||||

## Related pages

- Departments of Paraguay
- ISO 3166-2:PY

## Other websites

- Gobernación de Concepción website
- Statoids - Departments of Paraguay

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Concepción
- **type**: Departments of Paraguay, Department
- **image skyline**: Concepción Catholic chapel.jpeg
- **image alt**: Concepción's main Roman Catholicism, Catholic church
- **image caption**: Concepción's main church
- **image flag**: Flag of Concepción Department.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image map**: Concepcion in Paraguay.svg
- **map caption**: Location of  Concepción, in red, in Paraguay
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: _Oriental_
- **seat type**: Capital city, Capital
- **seat**: Concepción, Paraguay, Concepción
- **parts type**: Districts
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 11
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Luis Urbieta Cáceres
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 18051
- **population total**: 189660
- **population as of**: 2013
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Concepcionero (a)
- **timezone1**: Atlantic Standard Time Zone, AST
- **utc offset1**: -04
- **timezone1 dst**: ADT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -03
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:PY, PY-1
- **website**: [http://www.concepcion.gov.py/ Official website]
Angora goat

The **Angora goat** () is a breed of domestic goat. It is named for Ankara, Turkey (before 1930, Angora). The Angora produces fine quality white or coloured mohair which is very similar to wool. Angoras were imported into Europe in 1554 by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1765 they were imported into Spain and about 1785 they were introduced into France. None of these were able to set up a successful mohair production. But in 1838 Angoras were successfully introduced in South Africa. Today, the Union of South Africa is one of the world's top mohair producers. Angora goats are kept mostly for their output of mohair.