juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dreadnoughtus

***Dreadnoughtus***  is a genus of giant titanosaurian dinosaur. Its fossilised skeleton was found in the Upper Cretaceous of Santa Cruz province, Argentina. These rocks date from 84–66 million years ago (mya).

This is one of the largest of all known terrestrial vertebrates. It has the greatest mass (weight) of any land animal that has been calculated. They used using limb bone measurements for the calculation.

_Dreadnoughtus schrani_ is the most complete skeleton of a large titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur. Types of bones is the most important statistic. The completeness statistics for _Dreadnoughtus schrani_ are as follows:
- 116 bones out of ~256 in the entire skeleton (including the skull) = 45.3% complete
- 115 bones out of ~196 in the skeleton (excluding the skull) = 58.7% complete
- 100 types of bones out of ~142 types in the skeleton (excluding the skull) = 70.4% complete

The specimen was probably not fully grown at the time of its death. The histology of its humerus, shows a lack of an outer layer of bone found only in fully-grown vertebrates. There is a lot of fast-deposited or still-growing bone tissue. Therefore, the specimen was still growing at the time of its death. It is unknown how large this individual would have grown if it had lived a full life.

## Estimates

As a matter of basic science, the estimates of dimensions such as the mass (weight) of extinct animals are very rough figures. To avoid the pretence of spurious accuracy. we only give rounded figures here. Moreover. all the skeletons are incomplete, which means that even length (the easiest dimension to estimate) cannot be given exactly. Published estimates by scientists are just that: _estimates_. Estimation is an approximation given when information is not clear or is incomplete. It is like making an educated guess.

It is usual for estimates of mass (weight) to vary between experts. Using the same basic data, the weight of _Dreadnoughtus_ has been estimated as:

1. About 59.3 metric tons (65.4 short tons), or 59,291 kilograms.
1. Between 35 and 40 metric tons (39 to 44 short tons),
1. About 30 metric tons (33 short tons), based on a 20% shorter torso.

There is a ~x2 difference between the heaviest and lightest estimates, and that is not at all unusual for this type of calculation.

### Size

|scope="col"|Dimension|scope="col"|metric|scope="col"|imperial|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Mass||||||
|Total length|26 m|85 ft||||
|Head and neck length|12.2 m|40 ft||||
|Neck-only length|11.3 m|37 ft||||
|Torso and hip length|5.1 m|17 ft||||
|Tail length|8.7 m|29 ft||||
|Shoulder height|~ 2 stories (6 m)|~ 2 stories (20 ft)||||

### Comparisons

|Sauropod|Group|metric tons|short tons|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Dreadnoughtus schrani_|Titanosauria|59.3|65.4|
|_Brachiosaurus altithorax_|Brachiosauridae|56.3|62.1|
|_Turiasaurus riodevensis_|Turiasauria|50.9|56.1|
|_Elaltitan lilloi_|Titanosauria|42.8|47.2|
|_Futalognkosaurus dukei_|Titanosauria|38.1|42|
|_Giraffatitan brancai_|Brachiosauridae|34|37.5|
|_Diplodocus longus_|Diplodocidae|14.8|16.3|
Aarno Raninen

**Aarno Erik Raninen** (27 April 1944 – 3 September 2014) was a Finnish actor, singer-songwriter, musician, composer and screenwriter. He played the piano, violin and accordion. He composed, arranged and performed songs for many movies, television shows and television movies between 1972 and 2010. He also acted in six movies between 1968 and 1998. His final credit was the movie _If You Love_ (2010).

Raninen was born in Kotka, Kymenlaakso. He moved to Helsinki in 1966 for work.

Raninen died in a fire on 3 September 2014 at his home in Tuusula, Uusimaa. He was 70. His death was ruled an accident.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aarno Raninen
- **birth name**: Aarno Erik Raninen
- **birth place**: Kotka, Kymenlaakso, Finland
- **death place**: Tuusula, Uusimaa, Finland
- **yearsactive**: 1958–2014
- **occupation**: Actor, singer-songwriter, musician
Expendables 3

***The Expendables 3*** is a 2014 American ensemble action movie directed by Patrick Hughes. It is a sequel to the 2012 action movie The Expendables 2. It is also the third movie in The Expendables movie series.

## Plot

Barney adds to his team to get ready for a personal battle against Conrad Stonebanks, the Expendables co-founder and notorious arms trader. Stonebanks wants to wipe out Barney and every single one of his associates.

## Cast

- Sylvester Stallone as Barney Ross
- Jason Statham as Lee Christmas
- Antonio Banderas as Galgo
- Jet Li as Yin Yang
- Wesley Snipes as Doc
- Dolph Lundgren as Gunner Jensen
- Kelsey Grammer as Bonaparte
- Randy Couture as Toll Road
- Terry Crews as Hale Caesar
- Ronda Rousey as Luna
- Mel Gibson as Conrad Stonebanks
- Harrison Ford as Max Drummer
- Arnold Schwarzenegger as Trench Mauser
- Kellan Lutz as John Smilee
- Glen Powell as Thorn
- Victor Ortiz as Mars
- Robert Davi as Goran Vata

## Ratings

At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, Stallone announced that he was aiming for a PG-13 rating for the movie.
The Expendables 3 has been met with generally bad reviews from critics :
- Rotten Tomatoes - 34%
- Metacritic - 35% out of 100

## Sequel

Expend4bles in 2023.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Expendables 3
- **director**: Patrick Hughes
- **producer**: Avi Lerner
- **writer**: Dave Callaham (story & screenplay)
Sylvester Stallone (screenplay)
- **starring**: Sylvester Stallone
Jason Statham
Antonio Banderas
Jet Li
Wesley Snipes
Dolph Lundgren
Kelsey Grammer
Randy Couture
Terry Crews
Ronda Rousey
Mel Gibson
Harrison Ford
Arnold Schwarzenegger
- **music**: Brian Tyler
- **cinematography**: Peter Menzies, Jr.
- **editing**: Sean Albertson
Paul Harb
- **distributor**: Lionsgate (USA)
- **released**: August 15, 2014
- **runtime**: 126 min.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $90 million
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)

***Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles*** (earlier known as ***Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles*** in some European countries because of controversy at the time) is an American animated television series that was made by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson and French company IDDH. The show ran from December 14, 1987 to November 2, 1996 when it aired its final episode. The pilot for the show was shown during the week of December 14, 1987 and was in syndication as a five-part miniseries. The show featured the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and they were created in the comic book form by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird.

The show was able to help launch the characters into more mainstream popularity and it became one of the most popular animated series in television history. Due to its popularity, there were breakfast cereal, plush toys, and all kinds of different products that featured the characters appeared on the market during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The show was named as the 55th best show in the Top 100 Best Animated TV Shows by IGN. At the time, the show was criticized for its violent content and commercialism.

## Cast

- Cam Clarke as Leonardo
- Barry Gordon as Donatello
- Rob Paulsen as Raphael
- Townsend Coleman as Michelangelo
- Peter Renaday as Splinter
- Renae Jacobs as April O'Neil and Karai
- James Avery as Shredder
- Pat Fraley as Krang and Casey Jones
- Jennifer Darling as Irma Langenstein
- Tony Jay as Dregg

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Action fiction, Action
Adventure fiction, Adventure
Superhero fiction, Superhero
Comedy <small>(seasons 1–7)</small>
 Drama (film and television), Drama <small>(seasons 8–10)</small>
- **developer**: David Wise (writer), David Wise
Patti Howeth
- **director**: Yoshikatsu Kasai <small>(season 1)</small>
Fred Wolf (animator), Fred Wolf <small>(seasons 2–7)</small>
Tony Love <small>(seasons 8–10)</small>
- **voices**: Cam Clarke
Barry Gordon
Rob Paulsen
Townsend Coleman
Peter Renaday
Renae Jacobs
James Avery (actor), James Avery
Pat Fraley
Jennifer Darling
Tony Jay
- **theme music composer**: Chuck Lorre
Dennis C. Brown
- **country**: United States
- **num seasons**: 10
- **num episodes**: 193
- **list episodes**: List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series) episodes
- **executive producer**: Mark Freedman
- **producer**: Rudy Zamora <small>(season 1)</small>
Walt Kubiak
Andy Luckey <small>(seasons 2–7)</small>
Fred Wolf (animator), Fred Wolf
Kara Vallow <small>(seasons 8–10)</small>
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **company**: Fred Wolf Films, Murakami-Wolf-Swenson
<small>(1987–1991)</small>
(seasons 1–5)
IDDH
Fred Wolf Films
(1992–1996)
(seasons 6–10)
Mirage Studios
Surge Licensing
 Toei Animation (1987–1989)
 (seasons 1–3)
- **network**: Broadcast syndication, Syndication (1987–1990)
CBS (1990–1996)
Simone Battle

**Simone Sherise Battle** (June 17, 1989 – September 5, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was a finalist on _The X Factor_ in 2011. She was best known for being a member of the pop girl group G.R.L. from 2013 until her death. She worked with Robin Antin and The Pussycat Dolls. She also acted in the television series _Everybody Hates Chris_ and _Zoey 101_. She also appeared in the movie _We the Party_ (2012).

Battle was born in Los Angeles, California. She was an actress before becoming a singer.

Battle died on September 5, 2014 at her home in West Hollywood, California, aged 25. Her death was ruled a suicide by hanging.
Ram Trucks

**Ram Trucks** is an American brand of light-to-mid weight pickup trucks. The car brand started in 2009. It used to be called _Dodge Truck Division_.

Ram Trucks is part of Chrysler, LLC.

The Ram Trucks logo has the head of a ram. This logo was used by Dodge in the past.
Tropical Storm Norma (1970)

**Tropical Storm Norma** was the fourteenth tropical cyclone of the 1970 Pacific hurricane season. It formed on August 31 off the western coast of Mexico. The storm died on September 5, just before it reached Baja California. The storm caused record amounts of rain and flash floods in Arizona. Over $1 million in damage was done. Twenty-three people were killed.
Royal Spanish Football Federation

The **Royal Spanish Football Federation** () is the association that governs football in Spain. It is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The association was started on October 14, 1909 in Madrid. Its headquarters are now based in Las Rozas de Madrid.

## Coaches

- Men's national football team: Luis de la Fuente
- Women's national football team: Sonia Bermúdez
- Men's national under-15 football team: David Gordo
- Men's national under-16 football team: David Gordo
- Men's national under-17 football team: Hernán Pérez
- Women's national under-17 football team: Milagros Martínez
- Men's national under-18 football team: Paco Gallardo
- Men's national under-19 football team: Paco Gallardo
- Women's national under-19 football team: David Aznar
- Men's national under-20 football team: Paco Gallardo
- Women's national under-20 football team: David Aznar
- Men's national under-21 football team: David Gordo
- Men's national under-23 football team: _Vacant_
- Women's national under-23 football team: Sonia Bermúdez
Mexican Football Federation

The **Mexican Football Federation** () is the association that governs football in Mexico. It is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The association was started on August 22, 1922. Its headquarters are based in Mexico City.
Santa Catarina

**Santa Catarina** may refer to:

- Santa Catarina (state), one of Brazil's federal states
- Santa Catarina (island), located in Santa Catarina state
Unión Española

**Club Unión Española S.A.D.P** is a Chilean football club based in Independencia, Santiago, Chile. They won Primera División seven times and two Copa Chile titles.

### League

- **Chilean Primera Division** (first tier)
    - Winners (7): 1943, 1951, 1973, 1975, 1977, Apertura 2005, 2013
    - Runners-up (9): 1945, 1948, 1950, 1970, 1972, 1976, Clausura 2004, Apertura 2009, Clausura 2012

- **Primera B** (second tier)
    - Winners (1): 1999

### Cup

- **Copa Chile**
    - Winners (2): 1992, 1993
    - Runners-up (2): 1977, 1988

- **Copa Invierno**
    - Winners (1): 1989

- **Campeonato de Apertura**
    - Winners (1): 1947

- **Supercopa de Chile**
    - Winners (1): 2013

- **Liguilla Pre-Libertadores**
    - Winners (4): 1973, 1992, 1993, 2010

### Continental

- **Copa Libertadores**
    - Runner-up (1): 1975

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Unión Española
- **fullname**: Club Unión Española
 S.A.D.P.
- **nickname**: Los Rojos de Santa Laura (Santa Laura's reds), Los Diablos Rojos (The Red Devils), La Furia Roja (The Red Fury), Panaderos (Bakers), Pepes ("Joes"), Los Rojos (The Reds)
- **founded**: 18 May 1897, as
_Centro Español de Instrucción y Recreación_
- **ground**: Estadio Santa Laura-Universidad SEK
- **capacity**: 22,500
- **owner**: Jorge Segovia
- **league**: Chilean Primera División
- **season**: 2024
- **position**: 6th
- **website**: http://www.unionespanola.cl/
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Cobreloa

**Club de Deportes Cobreloa** is a Chilean football club from the Calama. It is one of the country's most competitive clubs.

### National honours

- **Primera División: 8**
    - 1980, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1992, 2003-A, 2003-C, 2004-C

- **Copa Chile: 1**
    - 1986

### International honours

- **Copa Libertadores: 0**
    - Runners-up (2): 1981, 1982

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Cobreloa
- **fullname**: Club de Deportes Cobreloa
- **nickname**: Zorros del desierto _(desert foxes)_
Loínos
Mineros _(Miners)_
Naranjas _(Oranges)_
- **founded**: 7 January 1977; 37 years ago
- **ground**: Estadio Municipal de Calama, Estadio La Madriguera (temporary)
Calama, Chile
- **capacity**: 13,000, 2,580
- **chairman**: Javier Maureira
- **manager**: Marcelo Trobbiani
- **league**: Chilean Primera División, Primera División
- **season**: Torneo Transición 2013
- **position**: 2°
- **website**: http://www.cobreloa.cl/
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Rosenborg BK

**Rosenborg Ballklub** (; **RBK** for short) is a Norwegian professional football club from Trondheim. Rosenborg is Norway's most successful team. They won 24 league titles, eleven Norwegian Football Cup titles and played more UEFA matches than any other Norwegian team. They also reached the quarter finals of the 1996-97 Champions League.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Rosenborg
- **image**: Rosenborg Trondheim logo.svg
- **fullname**: Rosenborg Ballklub
- **nickname**: _Troillongan_
("The Troll Kids")
- **founded**: as Odd
- **ground**: Lerkendal Stadion
Trondheim
- **capacity**: 21,405
- **chairman**: Ivar Koteng
- **chrtitle**: Chairman
- **ceo**: Tove Moe Dyrhaug
- **manager**: Kåre Ingebrigtsen
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **league**: Tippeligaen
- **season**: 2022
- **position**: 3rd
- **fansgroup**: Kjernen
- **shirtsupplier**: Adidas
- **shirtsponsors**: Sparebank 1
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- **pattern sh2**: _black stripes adidas
- **pattern so2**: _3 stripes white
- **current**: 2014 Rosenborg BK season
New York City F.C.

**New York City Football Club** is an American professional soccer team based in New York City. The team has played in Major League Soccer since the 2015 season. English Premier League team Manchester City owns 80% of the team; the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball own the other 20%. The team is playing at the Yankee Stadium in The Bronx and they share it with the New York Yankees until it can build a new stadium in New York City.

## Rivalries

In May 2015, they experienced a new New York City crosstown rivalry in the MLS, when they played the New York Red Bulls for the first time.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: New York City
- **upright**: 0.8
- **fullname**: New York City Football Club
- **stadium**: Yankee Stadium
The Bronx, The Bronx, New York
- **capacity**: 28,743
(expandable to 47,422)
- **owner**: City Football Group <small>(80%)</small>

- **chrtitle**: CEO
- **chairman**: Brad Sims
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **manager**: Domènec Torrent
- **league**: Major League Soccer
- **current**: 2019 New York City FC season
- **season**: 2018 Major League Soccer season, 2018
- **position**: Eastern Conference (MLS), Eastern Conference: 3rd
 Overall: 7th
 2018 MLS Cup Playoffs, Playoffs: Conference semifinals
- **website**: http://www.nycfc.com
- **american**: true
- **pattern b1**: _nycfc_home_2019
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- **rightarm2**: 5d5e5e
San Francisco International Airport

**San Francisco International Airport**  is the airport which serves San Francisco, California. It is  south of downtown San Francisco. It is near Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County.

## Airlines

The following airlines go to San Francisco International Airport:

- Aer Lingus
- Aeroméxico
- Air Canada
- Air China
- Air France
- Air India
- Air New Zealand
- Alaska Airlines
- All Nippon Airways
- American Airlines
- Asiana Airlines
- Avianca
- British Airways
- Cathay Pacific
- China Airlines
- China Eastern Airlines
- China Southern Airlines
- Copa Airlines
- Delta Air Lines
- Emirates
- Etihad Airways
- EVA Air
- Fiji Airways (starts June 16)
- Frontier Airlines
- Hawaiian Airlines
- Japan Airlines
- JetBlue Airways
- KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
- Korean Air
- Lufthansa
- Norwegian Air Shuttle
- Philippine Airlines
- Qantas Airways
- SAS
- Singapore Airlines
- Southwest Airlines
- Sun Country Airlines
- Swiss International Air Lines
- Turkish Airlines
- United Airlines (_hub_)
- Virgin America (_hub_)
- Virgin Atlantic Airways (starts March 28)
- WestJet (_seasonal_)
- WOW Air (starts June 10)
- XL Airways France (_seasonal_)

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: San Francisco International Airport
- **image**: SFO Logo.svg
- **image-width**: 125
- **image2**: Aerial view of San Francisco International Airport 2010.jpg
- **image2-width**: 250
- **iata**: SFO
- **icao**: KSFO
- **faa**: SFO
- **wmo**: 72494
- **type**: Public
- **owner**: San Francisco, City and County of San Francisco
- **operator**: San Francisco Airport Commission
- **city-served**: San Francisco Bay Area
- **location**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated San Mateo County, California, U.S.
- **hub**: * Alaska Airlines
* United Airlines
- **elevation-f**: 13
- **elevation-m**: 4
- **website**: [http://flysfo.com/ FlySFO.com]
- **pushpin map**: United States San Francisco#USA California#USA#North America
- **pushpin label**: **SFO**
- **pushpin map caption**: Location
- **r1-number**: 10L/28R
- **r1-length-f**: 11,870
- **r1-length-m**: 3,618
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 10R/28L
- **r2-length-f**: 11,381
- **r2-length-m**: 3,469
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **r3-number**: 1R/19L
- **r3-length-f**: 8,650
- **r3-length-m**: 2,637
- **r3-surface**: Asphalt
- **r4-number**: 1L/19R
- **r4-length-f**: 7,650
- **r4-length-m**: 2,332
- **r4-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2018
- **stat1-header**: Passengers
- **stat1-data**: 57,793,313
- **stat2-header**: Aircraft operations
- **stat2-data**: 470,164
- **footnotes**: Source: San Francisco International Airport and Federal Aviation Administration, FAA
- **opened**: March 15, 1927 (before the airport opened)
May 7, 1927
Basilica of Superga

The **Royal Basilica of Superga** is a large church on the outskirts of the Italian city of Turin. The site was originally bare until King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia decided to create a cathedral there. He wanted a burial place for members of his dynasty, the House of Savoy. Construction lasted from 1717 to 1731. The building was designed by the Italian architect _Filippo Juvarra_. The building is often compared to the larger and more famous St. Peter's Basilica. Most of the Kings of Sardinia are buried there.

## Further reading

- Padre Benedetto Marengo, _La Basilica di Superga. Cenni storici del più grande monumento juvarriano_, Tipografia Scarafaglio, Torino, 1997
- Reina Gabriele, Guadalupi Gianni, _Superga segreta. Il Mausoleo dei Savoia_, Omega, 2008,
PFC Ludogorets Razgrad

**PFC Ludogorets Razgrad** () or simply **Ludogorets** is a Bulgarian football club based in Razgrad.

## Honours

**Bulgarian Parva Liga:**
- **Winners (14)**: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25

**Bulgarian B Group:**
- **Winners (1)**: 2010–11

**Bulgarian Cup:**
- **Winners (3)**: 2011-12, 2013–14, 2022–23

**Bulgarian Supercup:**
- **Winners (3)**: 2012, 2014, 2018
- Runners-up (3): 2013, 2015, 2017

### European tournaments

**UEFA Europa League**
- **Round of 16** :   2013–14
**UEFA Champions League**
- **Group stage** :   2014–15, 2016–17

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Ludogorets Razgrad
- **fullname**: Професионален футболен клуб Лудогорец Разград
<small>(Profesionalen Futbolen Klub Ludogorets Razgrad)</small>
- **nickname**: _Орлите от Разград_
(The Eagles from Razgrad)
- **founded**: 1945
- **ground**: Ludogorets Arena, Razgrad
- **capacity**: 8,000
- **owner**: Kiril Domuschiev
- **chairman**: Aleksandar Aleksandrov
- **manager**: Georgi Dermendzhiev
- **league**: First Professional Football League (Bulgaria), Parva Liga
- **season**: 2024-25
- **position**: Champions
- **website**: http://www.ludogorets.com/all_news.php
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Comunicaciones F.C.

**Club Social y Deportivo Comunicaciones** is a Guatemalan football club from Guatemala City. They are the second-most successful club in Guatemala, behind arch-rival Municipal.

## Honours

- **Liga Nacional de Guatemala: 28**
    - 1956, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1979–80, 1981, 1982, 1985–86, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999 Apertura, 2001 Clausura, 2002 Apertura, 2003 Clausura, 2008 Apertura, 2010 Apertura, 2011 Clausura, 2012 Apertura, 2013 Clausura, 2013 Apertura
    - Runners-up (22): 1950–51, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1983, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 2000 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2003 Apertura, 2004 Apertura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Apertura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Apertura, 2011 Apertura

- **Copa de Guatemala: 8**
    - 1951–52, 1955, 1970, 1972, 1983, 1986, 1991–92, 2009

- **CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1 (jointly claimed)**
    - 1978 (shared with Defence Force F.C. and Leones Negros U de G)
    - Runners-up (2): 1962, 1969

- **Torneo Fraternidad / UNCAF Club Championship: 2**
    - 1971, 1983
    - Runners-up (3): 1976, 1977, 2003

- **CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup: 0**
    - Runners-up (1): 1991

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Comunicaciones
- **fullname**: Club Social y Deportivo Comunicaciones
- **nickname**: _Los Cremas_ (_The Creams_),
 _Los Merengues_
- **ground**: _Estadio Cementos Progreso_,
Guatemala City
- **capacity**: 16,000.
- **chairman**: Pedro Portilla
- **manager**: Iván Franco Sopegno
- **league**: Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala, Liga Nacional de Fútbol
- **season**: Clausura 2014
- **position**: Champion
- **website**: http://www.camerinocrema.com/portal/modules/home/
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C.S.D. Municipal

**Club Social y Deportivo Municipal**, also known as **Municipal**, is a Guatemalan football club based in Guatemala City. They compete in the _Liga Nacional_.

Municipal are the most popular club in Guatemala. Their main rivals are Comunicaciones, who are also located in the capital city.

## Honours

- **Liga Nacional de Guatemala: 29** (most ever by any team)
    - 1942–43, 1947, 1950–51, 1954–55, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1987, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 2000 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2001 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2003 Apertura, 2004 Apertura, 2005 Clausura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2006 Apertura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Apertura, 2010 Clausura, 2011 Apertura

- **Domestic Cup: 8**
    - 1960, 1967, 1969, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003, 2003–04

- **Campeón de Campeones (Super Cup): 5**
    - 1952, 1967, 1977, 1994, 1997

- **CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1**
    - 1974

- **Copa Interamericana, 0**
    - Runners-up - 1974 (Highest placement for a Guatemalan team ever)

- **Torneo Fraternidad / UNCAF Club Championship: 4**
    - 1974, 1977, 2001, 2004

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Municipal
- **fullname**: Club Social y Deportivo Municipal
- **nickname**: _Rojos_ (Reds)
_El Mimado de la Aficion_ (The Crowd's Favorite)
_Diablos Rojos_ (Red Devils)
_Pentarojo_
- **founded**: May 17, 1936
- **ground**: Estadio Manuel Felipe Carrera
- **capacity**: 7,500
- **chairman**: Gerardo Villa
- **manager**: Aníbal Ruiz
- **league**: Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala, Liga Nacional de Fútbol
- **season**: 2014 Clausura
- **position**: 2nt
- **shirtsupplier**: DMS Pro
- **shirtsponsors**: Banco Azteca
 EXCEL Automotriz
 Pepsi
 Telgua
 Municipalidad de Guatemala
 Bremen
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
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- **body2**: 000099
- **rightarm2**: 000099
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Football Australia

**Football Australia** is the association that governs soccer (known as "association football" or simply just "football" in many other countries) in Australia. It is in charge of the men's, women's and youth national teams. The association was started in 1961. Its headquarters are in Sydney.
Ellie Kemper

**Ellie Kemper** (born May 2, 1980) is an American actress. She played Ms. Griggs in _21 Jump Street_. She played Kelly Erin Hannon in _The Office_.

Kemper was born in Kansas City, Missouri.
Beauty Shop

***Beauty Shop*** is an American 2005 comedy movie. The movie is about a widowed hairstylist who moves to Atlanta so her daughter can attend private school. Queen Latifah plays Gina Norris. Alicia Silverstone plays Lynn. Alfre Woodard plays Ms. Josephine. Keshia Knight Pulliam plays Darnelle. Andie MacDowell plays Terri. Sherri Shepherd plays Ida. Djimon Hounsou plays Joe.

This movie was released on March 30, 2005. The movie got mixed reviews by the critics.
Four Brothers

***Four Brothers*** is a 2005 American action crime drama movie directed by John Singleton. This movie is about November 2004, during which four adoptive brothers return to Detroit to discover what happened. Their adoptive mother was murdered. Mark Wahlberg plays Bobby. Tyrese Gibson plays Angel Mercer. Fionnula Flanagan plays Evelyn. Sofía Vergara plays Sofi.

The movie was released on August 12, 2005. Reviews were mixed.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Four Brothers
- **director**: John Singleton
- **producer**: Lorenzo di Bonaventura
- **music**: David Arnold
- **cinematography**: Peter Menzies Jr.
- **studio**: Di Bonaventura Pictures
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 109 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $30 million
- **gross**: $92.5 million
Elizabeth Allen

**Elizabeth Allen** (January 25, 1929 – September 19, 2006) was an American actress. She played Magda in the stage play _The Gay Life_. She also played Evelyn Randall in _The Carey Treatment_.

Elizabeth Allen was born Jersey City, New Jersey. She died from kidney disease in Fishkill, New York.
Franca Falcucci

**Franca Falcucci** (22 March 1926 – 4 September 2014) was an Italian politician. She was a member of the Christian Democracy Party. She served as a member of the Senate and was the first woman to become Minister of Public Education.

Falcucci died on 4 September 2014 in Rome, Italy, aged 88.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Italian honorifics, Senator
- **name**: Franca Falcucci
- **image**: Franca falcucci.jpg
- **order**: Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senator
- **term start**: 1968
- **term end**: 1992
- **order2**: Ministry of Public Education (Italy), Minister of Public Education
- **predecessor2**: Guido Bodrato
- **successor2**: Giovanni Galloni
- **term start2**: 1 December 1982
- **term end2**: 28 July 1987
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italians, Italian
- **profession**: Politician
- **residence**: Rome
- **party**: Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy
Bruce Morton

**Bruce Alexander Morton** (October 28, 1930 – September 5, 2014) was an American television news correspondent. He worked for both CBS News and CNN. His career lasted over 40 years. In 1964, he joined CBS News. He stayed there for the next 29 years.  Morton was based in Washington, D.C., where he was a Congressional correspondent. After leaving CBS in 1993, Morton went to work for CNN. He stayed there until his retirement in 2006.

Morton was born in Norwalk, Connecticut. He grew up in Chicago. He graduated from Harvard University in 1952. He died on September 5, 2014, at his home in Washington D.C., aged 83.
Kwon Ri-se

**Kwon Ri-sae** (; born August 16, 1991 – September 7, 2014) or **Kwon Ri-se**, better known by her stage name **Rise** (stylized as RiSe), was a South Korean singer. She was a member of the K-pop girl group Ladies' Code under Polaris Entertainment.

Ladies' Code was in a car accident in the early morning hours of September 3, 2014 around 1 am. The group was on their way back to Seoul after performing. The driver, the group's manager, was speeding on a slippery road due to rain and lost control of the van. The van lost a backwheel and collided with a guardrail. Bandmate, Go Eun-bi, was killed instantly by the crash. Other members, Ashley and Zuny, suffered minor injuries while member Sojung suffered major injuries, including a broken jaw.
Rise died at 10:10AM local time on September 7, 2014 surrounded by her family, in Aju University Hospital after being in a coma since the accident and undergoing numerous surgeries. Her public funeral was held on September 9, 2014. Her body was then cremated and her remains were taken by her family to be laid to rest in a private funeral in Japan.  She was 23 years old.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kwon Ri-se
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Rise Kwon in October 2013 (2).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Kwon at Incheon Festival Ara in 2013
- **alias**: RiSe
- **birth name**: Kwon Ri-se
- **birth place**: Fukushima, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
- **death place**: Suwon, South Korea
- **occupation**: Singer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 2010–2014
- **genre**: K-pop
- **associated acts**: Ladies' Code<small> (2013–2014) </small>
- **label**: KeyEast <small>(2011–2013)</small>
 Polaris Entertainment
 <small>(2013-2014)</small>


## Infobox (korean name)

- **title**: Korean name
- **hangul**: 권리세
- **hanja**: 權梨世
- **rr**: Gwon Ri-se
- **mr**: Kwŏn Ri-se
- **hangulstage**: 리세
- **rrstage**: Ri-se
- **mrstage**: Ri-se
Cirilo Flores

**Cirilo B. Flores** (June 20, 1948 - September 6, 2014) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Flores was born in Corona, California.

Flores served as coadjutor bishop of San Diego from 2012 to 2013 and as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Orange from 2009 to 2012. He served as the bishop of the Diocese of San Diego in California. He held the position from September 18, 2013 until his death on September 6, 2014.

Flores died in San Diego from prostate cancer, aged 66.
Bharat Ek Khoj

**Bharat Ek Khoj** is a series of 53 episodes about the history of India. It is based on Discovery of India (1946), a book by Jawaharlal Nehru. It was directed, written and produced by Shyam Bengal in 1988 for Doordarshan. It stars Roshan Seth as Jawaharlal Nehru. Om Puri is the narrator. It was first aired on DD National. The episodes are about India's 5000-year history till independence in 1947. Its cast also includes Tom Alter, Naseerudin Shah, Irrfan Khan.
Data vault modeling

**Data vault modeling** is a database modeling method that tries to preserve different sets of historical data from different sources. It is also a method of looking at historical data that deals with issues such as auditing, tracing of data, loading speed and resilience to change.

Data Vault Modeling focuses on several things. First, it emphasizes the need to trace where all the data in the database came from. Each row has extra attributes that describe where the data came from, and at what time it was loaded. This feature lets auditors find the source of the values.

Data vault modeling does not distinguish between data that conforms to the business rules and data that does not. The data that does not conform is generally called "bad data". Dan Linstedt, who developed the technology, said that a data vault modeling stores "a single version of the facts". In other data warehouse modeling schemes, the data warehouse generally stores "a single version of the truth", data that does not conform to the business rules is removed.

Because data vault modeling stores the source of the data separately from the data itself, it can cope with change in the business environment. It does this by explicitly separating structural information from descriptive attributes.

Finally, Data Vault is designed to enable parallel loading as much as possible, so that very large implementations can scale out without the need for major redesign.
Query by Example

**Query by Example** (commonly shortened to **QBE**) is a database query language for relational databases. It was developed at IBM in the 1970s. The development of SQL ran in parallel. QBE was developed for those users who only use databases occasionally, and who do not want to learn a complex language such as SQL.

With Query by example, users are presented with a visual schema of the database, which they edit with a special editor. When they are done, a parser translates their actions into a query in a regular query language such as SQL. Behind the scenes, it is this statement that is actually executed. With a suitable front-end, the user does not need to remember the details of a query language. The user will be able to select tables and columns more quickly, for example by clicking on them, rather than typing their names. This will improve productivity.

In the context of information retrieval, QBE has a somewhat different meaning. The user can submit a document and ask for "similar" documents to be retrieved from a document database. Similarity search is based comparing document vectors (see Vector Space Model).

Today, many database systems have front-ends that resemble QBE.
Akademio de Esperanto

**Akademio de Esperanto** (_Academy of Esperanto_, shortly **AdE**) is an independent organisation, which is guarding the development of the constructed language Esperanto. They do this to keep it consistent with the basic rules. These basic rules came from eye doctor L. L. Zamenhof. He was the creator of Esperanto. He also came up with the idea to establish an organization for guarding the development of the language. This was during the First World Congress of Esperanto in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France in 1905.
Lyndam Gregory

**Lyndam Gregory** (1953 or 1954 – August 2014) was a British actor. He had 35 credits to his name between 1979 and 2008. He was best known for his roles in the television series _The Archers_, _Coronation Street_, _EastEnders_ and _Doctors_.

Gregory was born in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. His father, Neville, was a tea planter. His mother, Marina, was a Burmese school teacher. He moved to London in the early 1960s. In 1984, he married Christine. Their daughter, Dominique, was born in 1997.

Gregory died from lung cancer in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, aged 59. His death was announced on 21 August 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lyndam Gregory
- **birth name**: Lyndham Gregory
- **birth date**: 1953 or 1954
- **birth place**: Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
- **death date**: August 2014 (aged 59)
- **death place**: Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England
- **yearsactive**: 1979–2008
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**: Christine (m. 1984-2014; his death)
- **children**: 1
Alauddin Khalji

**Ala-ud-din Khalji** (died 1316), was the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty. He was the most powerful ruler of the Khalji Dynasty. He ruled from 1296 to 1316. He was the nephew (and son-in-law) of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. His son was Khusrau Malik. He wished to become the second Alexander. He took the title ‘Sikander-i-Sani’. He banned drinking of alcohol in open in his kingdom. He is considered as one of the most ruthless emperors of India after he repulsed several mongol invasions In India.

## Military Campaigns

Ala-ud-din Khalji first conquered Gujarat and Malwa. In 1301 he conquered Ranthambore. In 1303 he captured Chittor. Then he sent a large army headed by his general Malik Kafur to South India. Malik Kafur defeated the Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas and the Pandyas. He sacked the cities of Madurai, Rameswaram, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu and captured whole south. He also took away a lot of wealth and returned to Delhi in a grand ceremony.

## Economic Measures

Khalji needed money to keep a large army. The main sources were taxes. The land tax was fixed according to the fertility of the land. The land tax in the fertile Ganga-Yamuna doab was one-half of the produce. He kept a strict check on the nobles. A group of officers were kept to discourage corruption. He introduced a system of auditing accounts.

He introduced a market control policy in which he reduced the price of day to day items such as sugar, oil, cloth etc. Shop owners had to pay the amount fixed by Ala-ud-din Khalji. Officials were appointed to check the shop owners. Whoever was caught cheating, was punished. This allowed Khalji to pay a low salary to the soldiers.

## Army Reforms

With money available to him he maintained a large army. He paid his soldiers in cash. He even started branding horses (Dagh). This was to prevent the substitution of good horses with low quality horses. He even kept a description of all soldiers in his army (Chehra). He posted spies throughout the empire to prevent rebellions.

## Related pages

- Khalji dynasty

## Other websites

- Interesting facts and history of Alauddin Khalji:the second Alexander
- Allauddin Khalji Biography

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ala-ud-din Khalji
- **title**: Sultan
Sikander Sani
- **image**: Portrait of Sultan 'Ala-ud-Din, Padshah of Delhi.jpg
- **caption**: A 17th century painting of Alauddin Khalji
- **succession**: Delhi Sultanate, Sultan of Delhi
- **reign**: 19 July 1296–4 January 1316
- **coronation**: 21 October 1296
- **predecessor**: Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji
- **successor**: Shihabuddin Omar
- **succession1**: Governor of Awadh
- **reign1**: 1296–19 July 1296
- **reign-type1**: Tenure
- **succession2**: Governor of Kara-Manikpur, Kara
- **reign2**: 1291–1296
- **reign-type2**: Tenure
- **predecessor2**: Malik Chajju
- **successor2**: ʿAlāʾ ul-Mulk
- **succession3**: Amir-i-Tuzuk
- **moretext3**: (equivalent to Master of ceremonies)
- **reign3**: 1290–1291
- **reign-type3**: Tenure
- **birth name**: Ali Gurshasp
- **birth date**: 1266–1267
- **death date**: 4 January 1316
- **death place**: Delhi, India
- **house**: Khalji dynasty
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Query language

A **Query language** is a formal language that is used to make queries to database systems, and other information systems. The result of a query is a subset of the data. There are different query languages which target different user groups. It is possible to translate a query from one query language into another.

- XQuery is a query language to search XML information systems
- XPath is used to navigate through XML documents
- SQL is a query language commonly used for database systems
- Query by Example was developed so that users who rarely use databases can also formulate queries.
A.C. Moore

**A.C. Moore** is an arts and crafts retail chain with 135 stores in the eastern United States. Its corporate headquarters are located in Berlin, New Jersey. A.C. Moore sells a variety of arts and crafts products. A.C. Moore was founded by Jack Parker in 1985 in Moorestown, New Jersey. It opened in 1997.
Locomobile Company of America

The **Locomobile Company of America** was a company founded in 1899 by John B. Walker. He and his partner Amzi L. Barber bought the rights to manufacture the steam car built by the Stanley brothers. They called the car the Locomobile. In 1904 the company began producing gasoline-powered cars and continued in business until 1929.

## Early history

Francis E. Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley had invented a steam car. In 1899 they purchased a bicycle factory in Watertown, Massachusetts and began building their cars. John B. Walker, the owner of Cosmopolitan magazine, offered to buy half the company. The Stanley brothers said no. When Walker came back a few weeks later he offered to buy the whole car company. The brothers thought about it and set the price at $250,000 USD. The set the price high enough they thought nobody would pay it. But Walker did and the two Stanley brothers stayed on to run the factory. Walker's partner was Amzi L. Barber. They called the new company Locomobile.

Within a few months Walker and Barber had a disagreement and split the company. Walker took his half and formed a new company in Tarrytown, New York. He called his car 'the Mobile'; a Stanley Steamer with his logo on it. With poor sales Walker closed his company in 1902. Barber kept the  Locomobile name and sold 5,200 cars by 1902. The Locomobile steam cars were a little difficult to operate and sometimes had fires. They could only go about 20 miles before needing water. They needed to be warmed up for about 30 minutes before they could be driven. By 1904 only about 200 cars were sold. Locomobile sold the patents and the design for their steam car back to the Stanley brothers. By 1904 Locomobile had switched to making gasoline cars.

## Luxury cars

At about the same time Locomobile switched over to making gasoline powered cars, Barber left the business. His son-in-law, J.J. Albright, took over as company president. Inventor Andrew Riker became the lead designer and was responsible for the new gasoline engines.

The 1904 5-passenger touring car used an Inline-four engine that was water-cooled engine that produced about 16 horsepower. At the time it cost $4,500. In 1905 Locomobile entered cars in Auto racing. It was in 1908 they won the Vanderbilt Cup. A car that won a race gained an excellent reputation. They advertised the Locomobile as “Easily the Best Built Car in America.” They continued to improve their car. In 1922 Locomobile was acquired by the Durant Motor Company. But their cars continued to be made under the name Locomobile. They continued to build their reputation for making high performance luxury cars. In 1929 the company fell victim to the Great Depression and closed its doors.
Juniper Cobra 14

Exercise **Juniper Cobra 14 ** (Hebrew: ג'וניפר קוברה 14) or **JC14** is a five day military exercise with Israel and the United States. The exercise is there to give training in case of a ballistic missile attack from Iran  The exercise began in 2001 and is held once every two years. In 2012 the exercise was cancelled to ease issues with Iran.
Kira Zvorykina

**Kira Alekseyevna Zvorykina** (September 29, 1919 – September 6, 2014) was a former Soviet-born Belarusian chess player who spent many years living in Belarus. Zvorykina was born in Mykolaiv, Ukraine. She was a three-time winner of the Women's Soviet Championship.

Zvorykina died in Minsk, Belarus from natural causes, aged 94.
Jim Dobbin

**James "Jim" Dobbin** (26 May 1941 – 7 September 2014) was a British Labour Co-operative politician and microbiologist. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Heywood and Middleton from 1997 to 2014.

Dobbin died in 7 September 2014 while on a Council of Europe visit to Poland.

## Other websites

- Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Jim Dobbin MP
- TheyWorkForYou.com – Jim Dobbin MP
- BBC Politics

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jim Dobbin
- **office**: Member of Parliament (UK), Member of Parliament
 for Heywood and Middleton (UK Parliament constituency), Heywood and Middleton
- **majority**: 5,971 (12.9%)
- **predecessor**: James Callaghan (Lancashire politician), James Callaghan
- **successor**: Liz McInnes
- **term start**: 1 May 1997
- **term end**: September 2014
- **birth place**: Kincardine on Forth, Fife, Scotland
- **death place**: Poland
- **nationality**: Scottish people, Scottish
- **spouse**: Patricia Russell
- **party**: Labour Co-operative
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: Napier University
- **profession**: Microbiology
Wilfred De'ath

**Wilfred De'Ath** (28 July 1937 – 19 February 2020) was a British author and a journalist. He worked for the BBC in the 1960s and 1970s and writes a column in _The Oldie_. De'Ath was born to a German mother and English father and grew up in Elstree, Hertfordshire, England. He studied at the University of Oxford. During the 1990s, De'ath served prison sentences for a theft.

On 11 November 2012, De'ath was arrested as part of Operation Yewtree in an alleged connection with the Jimmy Savile–BBC sex scandal;
he was later released without charge after the complainant withdrew her statement. De'ath was later told that he would not face any charges, and said that the police action had been "overzealous".

De'ath died on 19 February 2020 at the age of 82.
Plasmodesma

**Plasmodesma** (plural is 'plasmodesmata') is a microscopic channel across the cell wall of a plant cell. It allows transport and communication between neighbouring cells. Plasmodesmata also evolved independently in some algae.

Unlike animal cells, every plant cell is surrounded by a polysaccharide cell wall. Neighbouring plant cells are therefore separated by a pair of cell walls. Although cell walls are permeable to small soluble molecules, plasmodesmata allow direct, regulated, intercellular transport of substances between cells.

Similar structures connect animal cells. Stromules form between plastids in plant cells.