juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Four-horned antelope

The **four-horned antelope** (_Tetracerus quadricornis_) is a bovine even-toed ungulate. It is also called by its Hindi name _chousingha_. It is different from other bovines because it has four horns instead of two.

Four-horned antelope are about 0.60 meters high, and they weigh about 20 kilograms. They have a light yellowish-brown fur with a white underside. They have a black stripe down their forelegs. Males have four horns. The back horns are about 10 centimeters long, and the front horns are up to 4 centimeters long.

Four-horned antelope live in India and Nepal. They live in forests. Four-horned antelopes live alone. They eat grass.

Four-horned antelope are hunted by trophy-hunters because of their four horns, but they are also hunted for their meat. Because of the hunting and also because of habitat loss, there are now fewer than 10,000 four-horned antelopes.

Today, four-horned antelope do not live in Africa, but their ancestors probably did.
New Orleans Privateers

The **New Orleans Privateers** college sports teams for the University of New Orleans (UNO). They play in the NCAA Division I for intercollegiate athletics. The schools teams are a part of the Sun Belt Conference. The University of New Orleans does not currently have a football team.

## Sports

The university has teams in the following sports:
- Baseball (Men's)
- Basketball (Men's and women's teams)
- Golf (Men's)
- Swimming and diving
- Tennis (Men's and women's teams)
- Volleyball (Women's)

The school did have a football team from 1965 until 1970. During that time, the team had a record of 12 wins, 10 losses and 1 tie. They also won 3 district championships.

## Other websites

- UNOPrivateers.com (Official website)
Stanley Bruce

**Stanley Melbourne Bruce** (15 April 1883 – 25 August 1967) was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia from February 1923 until October 1929. He became Prime Minister when the Country Party asked Billy Hughes to resign. His government won elections in 1925 and 1928 but lost the 1929 election and Bruce became the first sitting Prime Minister to lose his seat. He was made a Viscount after he left politics.

Bruce was born in Melbourne. He served in the British Army before starting in politics. He fought in World War I, and in 1917 was badly injured while fighting in France. Returning home, he soon became involved in recruiting people for the Army. In 1918, however, he got involved in politics and was elected to the House of Representatives as the member for Flinders, which is near Melbourne. He was appointed Treasurer (finance minister) in 1921.

Bruce was also a diplomat. He served as Minister for External Affairs whilst also serving as Prime Minister. After resigning from Parliament in 1933, he worked in London as Australia's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rt Hon Stanley Bruce
- **image**: Stanley Bruce.jpg
- **order**: 8th Prime Minister of Australia
- **term start**: 9 February 1923
- **term end**: 22 October 1929
- **predecessor**: Billy Hughes
- **successor**: James Scullin
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Victoria
- **party**: Nationalist Party of Australia, Nationalist
James Scullin

**James Henry Scullin** (18 September 1876 – 28 January 1953) was the ninth Prime Minister of Australia from October 1929 until January 1932. He became Prime Minister two days before the Great Depression began. His government could not stop the effects of the Depression. His government suffered a big defeat at the December 1931 election. Scullin stayed as leader of the Labor Party but was again defeated at the 1934 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rt Hon James Scullin
- **image**: JScullin.jpg
- **order**: 9th Prime Minister of Australia
- **term start**: 22 October, 1929
- **term end**: 6 January, 1932
- **predecessor**: Stanley Bruce
- **successor**: Joseph Lyons
- **birth place**: Trawalla, Victoria, Australia, Victoria
- **party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
World music

**World music** is the recognition of music from around the world. This genre of music is increasingly used in popular culture. World music is often included into mainstream music. World music can also be part of exhibitions, performances, and shows that travel the world. World music is typically music that describes its own origin by its well-known sound features.

In Western countries it may describe a set of (music) market products collected from traditional music or folk music which were found in different parts of the world. In sampled world music collections the music is sung or played by people who traditionally live in the area. World music can be anything from a short song to a long Indian raga. Hindi music is a very popular genre in the category of world music - made even more famous by Bollywood movies.

World music artists can provide accompaniment, feature, background, or lead. World music groups have traveled the world. World music mixing and jamming is a popular activity among musicians. Some genres of world music have become known in a music category of their own. For example, reggae has achieved near to world-wide recognition.

Some music contests would considered to be world music in foreign audiences. Eurovision has grown in world popularity since it's beginnings.

Some songs are sung for international use. Each FIFA World Cup has a song.  K'Naan sung a popular song called "Wave your flag" for the tourney in South Africa. These attributed songs have a 'world music' appeal.
Caprinae

**Caprinae** is a subfamily of the even-toed ungulate family Bovidae. Animals of the Caprinae subfamily are called ***caprid*** or ***goat-antelope***.

The domestic sheep (_Ovis aries_) and domestic goat (_Capra hircus_) are part of this group.

## Taxonomy

- Subfamily **Caprinae**
    - Genus _Pantholops_
        - Tibetan antelope or Chiru (_Pantholops hodgsonii_)
    - Genus _Capricornis_
    - Genus _Naemorhedus_: Gorals
        - Himalayan goral, _Naemorhedus goral_
        - Long-tailed goral, _Naemorhedus caudatus_
        - Red goral, _Naemorhedus baileyi_
        - Chinese goral, _Naemorhedus griseus_
    - Genus _Oreamnos_
        - Mountain goat (_Oreamnos americanus_)
    - Genus _Rupicapra_
        - Chamois (_Rupicapra rupicapra_)
        - Pyrenean chamois (_Rupicapra pyrenaica_)
    - Genus _Myotragus_
        - _Myotragus balearicus_ †
    - Genus _Budorcas_
        - Takin (_Budorcas taxicolor_)
    - Genus _Ovibos_
        - Musk ox (_Ovibos moschatus_)
    - Genus _Hemitragus_
        - Himalayan tahr (_Hemitragus jemlahicus_)
    - Genus _Nilgiritragus_
        - Nilgiri tahr (_Nilgiritragus hylocrius_)
    - Genus _Arabitragus_
        - Arabian tahr (_Arabitragus jayakiri_)
    - Genus _Capra_
        - Wild goat (_Capra aegagrus_)
        - Alpine ibex (_Capra ibex_)
        - Walia ibex (_Capra walie_)
        - West Caucasian tur (_Capra caucasica_)
        - East Caucasian tur (_Capra cylindricornis_)
        - Spanish ibex (_Capra pyrenaica_)
        - Markhor (_Capra falconeri_)
    - Genus _Pseudois_
        - Bharal (_Pseudois nayaur_)
        - Dwarf blue sheep (_Pseudois schaeferi_)
    - Genus _Ammotragus_
        - Barbary sheep (_Ammotragus lervia_)
    - Genus _Ovis_
Domestic goat

The **domestic goat** (_Capra hircus_ or _Capra aegagrus hircus_) is a domesticated mammal. It comes from the wild goat. A male goat is called a _buck_ and a castrated goat is called a _wether_, a female is called a _doe_. Young goats are called _kids_.

People eat their meat, drink their milk, and use their fur and skin. With goat milk, cheese can be made, along with other dairy products like yogurt. Some farmers use goats to eat plants the farmers do not want, such as weeds. Other times, the goats are used to keep grasses and other plants from getting too tall. This also benefits the goat because they get plenty of food to eat.

The goat has cloven hooves, a short tail that turns up, and horns that grow up from the head in an arc. The hair is straight with a woolly coat under it during winter. Goats have rectangular irises. They are one of the few species to have these unique eyes.

The goat is about 70-120 cm (28-48 inches). They weigh from 45-54 kg (100-120 lb.) during adulthood.

The diet of the goat includes eating grass, leaves, shrubs, root vegetables, and other kinds of plants. Some ranchers use goats to clear brush and unwanted plants from their pastures. Goats living in the desert, where plants are quite hard to find, have been seen climbing trees to get food.

Goats are smart and active. They enjoy playing with other goats and climbing. They are social animals that may live in groups or herds.
Capra (genus)

***Capra*** is a genus of the subfamily Caprinae and the family Bovidae. The domestic goat and other animals like it belong to this genus.

## Taxonomy

- Genus ***Capra***
    - Wild Goat (_Capra aegagrus_), and the domestic goat
    - Alpine Ibex (_Capra ibex_)
    - Walia Ibex (_Capra walie_)
    - West Caucasian Tur (_Capra caucasica_)
    - East Caucasian Tur (_Capra cylindricornis_)
    - Spanish Ibex (_Capra pyrenaica_)
    - Markhor (_Capra falconeri_) (National animal of Pakistan)
Richard Sharpe

**Major Richard Sharpe** is a fictional character. He is the main character in a series of books written by Bernard Cornwell. Many of the books have been made into television movies, where the stories were told in a different order from the books. Sharpe's story is set during the Napoleonic Wars. Sharpe has a series of "sword waving" adventures.

So far, the writer has written 21 books, from "Sharpe's Tiger" to "Sharpe's Devil". The first book is set in the year 1799, while the last is set in the years 1820 to 1821. There were also three short stories set between other books. All the stories cover the Napoleonic Wars, as well as a prelude in India detailing Sharpe's rise to the rank of Ensign. The final book looks at Sharpe on a mission to rescue his old friend, the Spanish Captain General Don Blas Vivar, in Chile.

## Books and short stories

Here is the order of the books and short stories, with the year the story is set:
|**Story Name**|**Year**|
| --- | --- |
|Sharpe's Tiger|1799|
|Sharpe's Triumph|1803|
|Sharpe's Fortress|1803|
|Sharpe's Trafalgar|1805|
|Sharpe's Prey|1807|
|Sharpe's Rifles|1809|
|Sharpe's Havoc|1809|
|Sharpe's Eagle|1809|
|Sharpe's Gold|1810|
|Sharpe's Escape|1810|
|Sharpe's Fury|1811|
|Sharpe's Battle|1811|
|Sharpe's Company|1812|
|Sharpe's Sword|1812|
|Sharpe's Skirmish (A short story)|1812|
|Sharpe's Enemy|1812|
|Sharpe's Honour|1813|
|Sharpe's Regiment|1813|
|Sharpe's Christmas (A short story)|1813|
|Sharpe's Siege|1814|
|Sharpe's Revenge|1814|
|Sharpe's Waterloo|1815|
|Sharpe's Ransom (A short story)|1815|
|Sharpe's Devil|1820 – 1821|

## Film story

Born in London to a poor mother, Sharpe spent most of his youth in the inner city of London. When he killed someone, he went away to Yorkshire. He then joined a British line battalion, a regiment in the British Army. He was sent to India, where he saved the Duke of Wellington's life. For this, he was given a field commission to the rank of Lieutenant. He was then transferred to a Highland regiment, where he was not wanted, and was transferred into the 95th Rifles at Shorncliffe back in England. The 95th Rifles was then sent to northern Spain with General Moore's army. It was in Spain that he became friends with Patrick Harper.

In the latest adventure "Sharpe's Challenge", Sharpe and Harper go to India to fight some villains.

## References

- Adkin, Mark. _The Sharpe Companion: A Detailed Historical and Military Guide to Bernard Cornwell’s Bestselling Series of Sharpe Novels_. London; New York: Harper Collins, 1998. , , .
- Adkin, Mark. _The Sharpe Companion: Early Years_. London; New York: Harper Collins, 2003. , .
- Bluth, B. J. _Marching With Sharpe_. London; New York: Harper Collins, 2001. , .
Protest

A **protest** is when a number of people come together in public to show others that they strongly like or dislike a social condition or a government policy. For example, some people protest racism or war.

There are many ways in which people can protest. Protesters can do things like write letters, not eat food, sing songs, or riot.

## Related pages

- Demonstration
- Protestant
- Self-immolation
- Sit-in
- Social movement
Roskilde

**Roskilde** () was the capital of Denmark until 1443. Since then, Copenhagen has been the capital.

The most important church in Denmark is in Roskilde. It is where the dead Danish kings are buried. The city also have a yearly music festival called Roskilde Festival. The festival is one of two biggest in Europe.

Roskilde has a population of about 54,000. An important economic activity is tourism.

## Famous people from Roskilde

- Jens Adolf Jerichau (d. 1916), painter
- Peter Madsen (1978-), footballer
- Kevin Magnussen (1992-), racing driver
- Lise Nørgaard, writer, journalist, screenwriter

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Roskilde
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: RD_fra_bispegaarden.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **image caption**: Roskilde Cathedral
- **image seal**: Roskildedomkirkessegl.jpg
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Roskilde.svg
- **pushpin map**: Denmark Zealand#Denmark
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Denmark
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Denmark
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Denmark, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Region Zealand, Zealand (_Sjælland_)
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Denmark, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Roskilde Municipality, Roskilde
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Thomas Bredam (Social Democrats (Denmark), S)
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 980s
- **established title2**: City charter
- **established title3**: Current municipality
- **area total km2**: 211.99
- **population as of**: 1 January 2016
- **population note**: (Urban area)
- **population total**: 50,046
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **website**: [http://www.roskilde.dk www.roskilde.dk]
Hong Kong Stock Exchange

**The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited** (sometimes shortened to **SEHK**), is a stock exchange located in Hong Kong. It is East Asia's and Asia's third largest stock exchange in terms of market capitalization behind the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange, and the sixth largest in the world before Euronext. As of 31 October 2016, SEHK had 1,955 listed companies, 989 of which are from mainland China (Red chip, H share and P chip), 856 from Hong Kong and 110 from other countries and region (e.g. Macau, Taiwan, Malaysia, United States, Singapore, etc.)  Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing owns SEHK and is itself listed on SEHK.

The physical trading floor at Exchange Square (Hong Kong) closed in 2017, due to the shift towards electronic trading. By 2014, it accounted for less than 1% of trade volume.

**Hong Kong Stock Exchange** (Traditional Chinese: **香港交易所**, also **港交所**; sometimes shortened to HKEX ; **SEHK**: 0388) is a stock exchange in Hong Kong.

It is mostly owned by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing, which also controls Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE) and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited.

## Infobox (exchange)

- **name**: The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
- **logo caption**: logo of the parent company
- **type**: Stock exchange
- **city**: Hong Kong
- **owner**: Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
- **key people**: Li Xiaojia, Charles <small>(Chief Executive Officer, CEO)</small>
Chow Chung-kong <small>(Chair (official), Chairman)</small>
- **currency**: Hong Kong dollar, HKD, Renminbi, CNY, United States dollar, USD
- **listings**: 2,062 (2017)
- **mcap**: HKD 30.54 trillion <small>(2017)</small>
- **volume**: HKD 26.09 trillion <small>(2015)</small>
- **indexes**: Hang Seng Index
Aarhus

|colspan="2"||
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2"|Location in Denmark|
|Population (2006-01-03)  - City  - Metropolitan  - Density (city/met)|307,119 Århus municipality: 468 km² Metropolitan area 1,228,398  East Jutland metropolitan area 9,997 km2|
|Time zone|Central European: UTC+1|
|Latitude Longitude|56°09' N 10°13' E|

**Aarhus** is the second biggest city in Denmark after Copenhagen, and the biggest on Jutland, the Danish mainland. It has about 290,000 inhabitants, and the metropolitan area, that Aarhus is a part of has close to 1,400,000.

The settlement of Aarhus was started in around the year 770 as a trading place of the Vikings, but the oldest recorded history of Aarhus is from 951. The city grew in the 16th century and again during the Industrial Revolution.

Aarhus' climate is on the boundary between humid continental (_Dfb_ in the Koeppen climate classification) and oceanic (_Cfb_ in the Koeppen climate classification).

## Other websites

- Website of the city of Aarhus
Odense

**Odense** is the third largest city in Denmark with about 146,000 inhabitants and the capital of the island of Funen (Danish: _Fyn_).

It was started in 988 A.D. and was sometimes the seat of the parliament of Denmark. In 1805, it became capital of the island Funen.
Aalborg

**Aalborg** is a city in Denmark. About 143,000 people live there (2021), which makes it the fourth largest city in Denmark.

Aalborg was founded around 700 A.D. and was heard about for the first time in the year 1040.
It was a proper city in 1342 and became the seat of a Lutheran bishop in 1554.

Aalborg is in Northern Jutland, near the Limfjord.
Esbjerg

**Esbjerg** is a city in Denmark, on the peninsula Jutland.

It has about 82,000 inhabitants and is the 5th largest city of Denmark. The growing began in the 1860s, because Denmark lost its North Sea harbors to Prussia in the Danish-Prussian-Austrian war.
The new harbor was built in Esbjerg.
Dirham

**Dirham** is a unit of currency in several Arabic-speaking nations, including:

- The Moroccan dirham
- The United Arab Emirates dirham
- 1/1000 of the Libyan dinar
- 1/100 of the Qatari riyal
- 1/10 of the Jordanian dinar
- The dirham, spelt 'diram,' is 1/100 of the Tajikistani somoni.

Historically, the word "dirham" is comes from 'dirhem' which comes from the name of a Greek coin, the Drachm; the Byzantine Empire controlled the Levant and traded with Arabia, circulating the coin there in pre-Islamic times and afterward. It was this currency which was first used as an Arab word. Near the end of the 7th century, the coin became an Islamic currency. It had the name of the sovereign and a religious verse on it. The dirham was used by many Mediterranean countries, including Spain. It could be used as currency in Europe between the 10th and 12 centuries.

## Similar currencies

The Armenian dram is a currency whose name bears a similar origin. The dinar is a currency used in the Muslim world but originating with the Romans.
Wormhole

A **wormhole** is a theoretical passage through space creating a shortcut through time and space. It is not known whether or not they exist.

Scientists believe that if wormholes existed they could not be made following any traditional scientific methods. In order to hold a wormhole open, a form of theoretical exotic matter would be needed. Otherwise the wormhole would simply disappear very quickly after its creation. If plotted on a 2-dimensional plane, the wormhole bends the plane, like folding a paper, so that the two ends would be touching (as seen in the picture). The term wormhole was first used by John Wheeler, a theoretical physicist. It is also known as an Einstein-Rosen bridge. A wormhole is much like a tunnel with two ends each in separate points in space time. Researchers have no observational evidence for wormholes.

Wormholes are a common element in science fiction because they allow rapid interstellar, intergalactic, and sometimes even interuniversal travel. In fiction, wormholes have also served as a method for time travel. This popular fiction allows interstellar travel within human lifetimes. This would allow time travel, also a popular fiction. A proposed time-travel machine using a traversable wormhole would hypothetically work in the following way: One end of the wormhole is accelerated to some significant fraction of the speed of light, perhaps with some advanced propulsion system, and then brought back to the point of origin. Alternatively, another way is to take one entrance of the wormhole and move it to within the gravitational field of an object that has higher gravity than the other entrance, and then return it to a position near the other entrance. For both of these methods, time dilation causes the end of the wormhole that has been moved to have aged less, or become "younger", than the stationary end as seen by an external observer; however, time connects differently _through_ the wormhole than _outside_ it, so that synchronized clocks at either end of the wormhole will always remain synchronized as seen by an observer passing through the wormhole, no matter how the two ends move around.
Free kick

A **free kick** is a kick awarded to the other team because of a foul, which is committed by another player. Free kicks appear in many different ball sports, like association football.
Corner kick

A **corner kick** is a kick awarded to the team for their opportunity to shoot at goal in soccer. It happens when the ball has come off a footballer at his or her own goal. There are two corner posts at each end of the ground, so two for each team depending where the ball is kicked out.
Referee

A **referee** is an official who watches a whole game of sports and makes all the decisions. The players of the sport being watched must always admit that the referee is always right, even if they aren't. Usually, if any player argues, they can get a yellow card or even sent off with a red card. Referees use a whistle so players and fans can hear when play needs to be stopped. Sometimes referees may have Assistant referees to help them just in case they didn't see something or for offsides in Football (soccer).

Referees usually wear clothing to separate them from the players. Most referees wear white and black shirts or an all black uniform.

## Referee abuse

Referee abuse is any abuse towards and referee (referee, assistant referee, fourth/fifth officials) verbally or physically. If a player physically abuses a referee, for example if they push, hit, or kick them, they can be shown a red card, suspended for multiple matches, or even be criminally charged and spend time in jail if the abuse was serious enough and be banned from the game for life.
Goal kick

A **goal kick** is given when the attacking team puts the ball over the end line in football. The other team then takes the goal kick from the goal areas (six-yard box) and the game starts again. Players of the other team have to stay outside the penalty box during the kick. If the defending team puts the ball over the end line, the referee gives a corner kick instead.
Throw-in

A **throw-in** in football (soccer) is when the ball has come off the opposite team, the other team picks that ball up and throws it in and the game continues.

## Rules

- The throw-in is made at the place, where the ball left the field.
- The throw in is delivered by the team who has not touched the ball before he left the field.
- The thrower must look to the field of play.
- He must stand with both feet on the ground on or outside the touch line .
- He must use both hands to throw the ball from behind and over their head.
- You can not score a goal directly after a throw in.
- The opposite players must stand at least 2 meters away.
- During the throw-in the offside rule is not used.

## Other facts

- The best way to do a throw in is to throw the ball in an angle of about 30 degrees. Then you can reach the maximum distance.
- Rory Delap, a midfielder for Stoke City is known for his long-throw ins which led to many goals for Stoke City.
- Also Christian Schwegler of FC Red Bull Salzburg is known for his throw ins.
Patch

A **patch** is a piece of a flexible material used to repair an object that has a hole in it, to protect an object from damage even before it is damaged, or to decorate clothing or other fabric items.

### For repairs

Cloth patches are rectangles of cloth that are used to cover up holes in clothing and other fabric items. Patches are usually used on clothes and soft things like cushions, teddy bears and blankets. Patches are sewn on with a needle and thread or glued on using a hot iron.

### For decoration

Many types of uniforms use cloth patches that have embroidered words or images on them. For example, police officers' uniforms have patches that state the name of the police force. Military uniforms have patches that have the flag of the country embroidered on them and the military unit that the soldier is part of. Many uniforms for businesses have cloth patches with the name of the company and the company logo embroidered on them.

As well, many people wear patches on their regular clothing. Some patches are sold by tourist stores. These patches have the name of a region on them. Other patches worn by teenagers have the names and logos of rock bands on them. Motorcycle biker gang members, such as members of the Hells Angels  wear patches on their leather vests that state the name of their gang and the logo of the gang.

## Leather patches

Leather patches are rectangles of leather that are used to cover up holes in clothing and other fabric items. Leather patches are usually used on heavy-duty work clothes, or on the elbows of jackets, or on the knees of pants. Leather patches are sewn on with a needle and thread.

## Rubber patches

Rubber patches are rectangles, squares, or circular pieces of flat, thin rubber that are glued onto bicycle tire inner tubes, car tire inner tubes, and inflatable toys to repair holes.
Peasant

A **peasant** is a name for a person that worked for others on a farm and never had much money. They usually wore rough, uncomfortable clothes and lived in small houses.

The word peasant came from the French word for "country" in the medieval era (15th century). In feudalism peasants, like other farmers, had to be able to do a number of jobs on the farm. They lived in rural areas and made up a large amount of the population. Most peasants could not read or write. They did not usually talk with the higher society unless it was about work. Some were serfs meaning they were not free to leave their lord's land.

Male peasants were not the only ones who worked in the fields. Their wives and other women also worked in the fields if necessary. Female peasants usually did women's work in the house such as cooking, cleaning, making clothes, and looking after children.

They worked all the time, except sometimes on Sundays they would get a break, and when the harvesting season was over they got a longer break.
Racquet

A **racquet** (sometimes racket) is used in sports to hit an object.  It differs from a paddle because the head is a grid of strings instead of solid.

## Tennis

A tennis racquet has a long handle and a large oval-shaped area used to hit a tennis ball. It has many strings stretched across its surface (or face) both horizontally and vertically. The strings supply bounce to hit the ball. The handle and frame of the racquet is usually made out of light materials such as graphite. Older racquets were made out of wood. Tennis racquets come in different sizes and weights.

Tennis racquets can be bought at sports equipment stores or department stores. A beginner racquet can cost as little as $30, but they can cost much more for very good quality rackets ($500 or more).

## Badminton

A badminton racquet has a longer, thinner neck than a tennis racquet with softer strings as the shuttlecock is hit up over a net.
Secondary school

**Secondary school** is the next step up from primary school. Secondary schools are often called high schools or middle schools in  the United States. In the United Kingdom, secondary schools may be public schools, grammar schools, state schools or comprehensive schools.

In Australia, a person will generally begin secondary school when they are at the age of 12 and finish (or graduate) when they are either 16 or 18 years of age. This is dependent upon whether they finish with year levels (or grades) 11 and 12. In secondary school, a person will advance through the year levels (or grades) each year.

In the United Kingdom, a person starts secondary school at the age of 11 and generally finishes secondary at either 16 or 18 depending on whether the secondary school has a sixth form offering post 16 education.

In the United States school system, secondary school is usually divided into two separate schools. One is called middle school and consists grades 6, 7, and 8 (or Junior High grades 7, 8 and 9). And the other is called high school and has grades 9 through 12 (or Senior High grades 10 through 12). A person generally starts middle school at age 11 or 12 and starts high school at age 14 or 15 and finishes at age 18.

Generally a student goes to the high school for four years. Depending on the laws in each individual state, a student can drop out of high school; the minimum age is 16. If the student does graduate, he/she can plan to continue his/her studies to college or a university, or just join the workforce.

In some schools in Australia years 11 and 12 are just a normal part of high school. Some other schools may only progress through to year 10; in this case students will then go to college (years 11 and 12).

At the end of secondary school, students will usually take a unified examination. For example, students finishing secondary school in England take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE).
Cushion

A **cushion** is a soft bag of material, filled with wool, hair, feathers, or even paper in small pieces . It may be used for sitting on to make a chair or couch more comfortable. Cushions can be used for body support. Cushions and rugs can be used outside, to make hard ground softer. Cushions are often for a decorative purpose and can create more character and appeal to a room. Cushions can come in many different shapes and sizes. However, the most common shape of a cushion is a square or rectangle, like a pillow.
Choice

A **choice** is the act of choosing. It is the selection of an optional act, in other words, it has to be an act which allows us a choice. A choice is a decision between alternatives.

We all make choices everyday, from what we are going to have for breakfast to whether we drive or walk to work.

The field of economics examines how people make choices about how to use scarce resources and goods, such as their money or free time. Some ways of thinking such as existentialism argue that people's choices and decisions are very important.
Lutheranism

**Lutheranism** is a denomination of Christianity that is named after Martin Luther, who led a protest against the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century. He was a German priest, theologian, and university professor in Wittenberg. He originally wanted to improve Catholic theology and practices, primarily by ending the Pope's indulgences and abuses of power.

Lutheranism came to be a separate church by Luther and his followers being excommunicated by the Pope. Luther’s ideas started a movement called the Protestant Reformation. Other Reformation leaders who separated from the Catholic Church agreed with Luther on some things but criticized him for keeping too much Catholic doctrine (see John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli).

Lutherans believe the Bible is the first and only authoritative source for Christian faith and teaching. Like other Christians, they believe that the Trinity exists, Jesus Christ is both God and man, all humans are sinful since Adam and Eve (see original sin), and humans are saved by Jesus' death on the Cross. Lutherans believe in the Five solas, and that the central idea to all of their beliefs is that humans are saved by grace alone through faith alone because of Jesus alone (see justification). The main points of Lutheran theology were summed up in 1530 by Philip Melanchthon in his Augsburg Confession.

Similarities with Catholicism include the liturgy and the doctrines of the Real Presence of the Eucharist, baptism, and original sin. Unlike in Catholicism, however, Lutheran pastors and bishops are allowed to marry, do not pray for intercession with the saints (including Mary), and reject the authority and the infallibility of the Pope and the Magisterium.

Major American denominations include the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA), the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod (LCMS), the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), and the North American Lutheran Conference (NALC).
Ivy League

The **Ivy League** is a part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It is made up of eight private research universities in the Northeastern United States. The term _Ivy League_ is often used outside sports about the eight schools as a group of elite colleges meaning academic excellence and selectivity in admissions.

This is a list of colleges and universities who play sports in the **Ivy League**:
- Brown University
- Columbia University
- Cornell University
- Dartmouth College
- Harvard University
- Princeton University
- University of Pennsylvania
- Yale University
Joseph Lyons

**Joseph Aloysius Lyons** (15 September 1879 - 7 April 1939) was the tenth Prime Minister of Australia. He was Premier of Tasmania in the 1920s. He was from the Labor Party. In 1931 he took his supporters and joined the other side. He started a new party called the United Australia Party. In January 1932 his new party won the elections. Lyons was the first Prime Minister to die while in office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joseph Lyons
- **image**: Joseph Lyons.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **order**: 10th
- **office**: Prime Minister of Australia
- **term start**: 6 January 1932
- **term end**: 7 April 1939
- **predecessor**: James Scullin
- **successor**: Earle Page
- **order2**: 26th
- **office2**: Premier of Tasmania
- **term start2**: 25 October 1923
- **term end2**: 15 June 1928
- **predecessor2**: Walter Lee, Sir Walter Lee
- **successor2**: John McPhee
- **party**: United Australia Party
- **otherparty**: Australian Labor Party
- **spouse**: Enid Lyons
Plow

A **plow** or **plough** is a tool or machine used for several jobs, like farming and snow removal. It is pushed or pulled across the ground. Human power or other animal power was usual in past centuries; in the 20th century plows are mostly pulled by tractors. The plow lifts and turns dirt and makes two lines of dirt behind it. Turning the soil buries weeds, brings more nutrients to the top, and loosens the soil. Crops grow better in land that has been plowed.

## History

Early in the agricultural revolution, simple hand-held digging sticks or hoes would have been used in areas with good soil, such as the area near the Nile River in Africa. At the Nile, the annual flood makes the soil better by refreshing it, to create places where seeds could be planted. To help crops grow in areas where floods were rare, the soil had to be rejuvenated in a different way. This is when plowing was first used, and hoes were the first plows.
Lace

**Lace** is a fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. Lace is very lightweight and open, and the patterns usually have many holes and frills.

Lace is made by knitting, crocheting and weaving.

## Other websites

- Encajes Fino de Beny
- Csetneki Hungarian Lace
- Hungarian Lace
Career

**Career** has various meanings, mostly having to do with a job.

The word comes from a French word meaning "road". It came to mean someone's path through life, or through a particular part of life, for example one's time in school. Later many people used the word  only for someone's work and, later yet, a profession, or a job that has an opportunity for advancement. Alternatively, "a career" often means a sequence of related jobs within a single industry or sector, such as "a career in medicine" or "a career in the building trade".
Madeline

***Madeline*** is a popular children's book series. It was written by American author Ludwig Bemelmans. The first book in the series, _Madeline_, was published in 1939. The book was very successful. In the 1940s and 1950s, Bemelmans wrote many more sequels to the original. Bemelman’s grandson, John Bemelmans-Mariano, writes the series of books to this day. There are 16 Madeline books. The books were later made into a television series and a movie.

## In two straight lines...

The books and the television show describe the adventures of  Madeline's life in the late 1940s in France.  Madeline is the smallest and youngest girl at her school. She is also the liveliest and the most popular. Madeline is not afraid of anything. She laughs at tigers in the zoo and taunts bullies. She even runs away to join a circus. She is also a very kind friend to the rest of the children at her school, and never loses her smile. Madeline attends a convent school in the heart of France with eleven other students. They leave the house at half past nine every morning in rain or shine. Miss Clavel is their teacher and a nun. The girls of her school mean more to her than anything. Miss Clavel is worried about Madeline because she is an orphan and has no family.

Although Madeline is set in France, with French accents, it is very popular all over the world, especially in the United States and in the Philippines, where a Filipino version was aired in the TV station ABS-CBN. Madeline has many internet pages including an official website and fan club.

## Other websites

- Official _Madeline_ website

es:Madeline
Professional

A **professional** is someone who has a specialised job which only very well trained people can perform, such as  Doctors, lawyers, and teachers. These occupations are known as professional occupations. They may often get paid more than other people. In sport, a professional is someone who is paid to play. For example, Petra Kvitová and Tim Cahil are professional sportspeople.

The word "professional" is often used as an adjective, e.g.
- "He did a thoroughly professional job" (meaning: a very good one, even if he was not a professional).
- "His behaviour was always professional" (meaning: he behaved in a proper way, like someone of his profession should).
The opposite of "professional" in this sense is: "unprofessional".

Another word that is the opposite of "professional" is "amateur". This means that someone does not get paid for the job he is doing (even if he may be doing it very well).
Blouse

A **blouse** is a dress shirt for women that fits loosely. In the past, men, women, and children wore blouses. These loose shirts often had a belt or tie at the waist.
Pocket

A **pocket** is a bag which is part of an item of clothing, reached through an opening in the clothing. The fabric of the clothing is shaped to make these little pouches or purses which are very handy for keeping small amounts of money and other small objects for daily use.

Pockets can be on pants, shirts, skirts, or dresses. Pockets come in very different styles, shapes, closed or unclosed with zippers or buttons. Some styles of clothing though, do not have pockets.

Origins and Early Uses: A Historical Linguistic Exploration
Dress shirt

A **dress shirt** is a shirt worn by men with a necktie in order to have a professional appeal and to look dignified in a crowd. In England, this is a term for a shirt that is worn with a tuxedo.
Gilmore Girls

***Gilmore Girls*** is an American television series. It is about a single mother Lorelai Victoria Gilmore (Lauren Graham) and her teenage daughter Lorelai “Rory” Leigh Gilmore (Alexis Bledel). They live together in a fictional small town called Stars Hollow, Connecticut. The show aired on television from October 5, 2000 until May 15, 2007. _Gilmore Girls_ was created by Amy Sherman-Palladino. She also acted as the executive producer during the first six series with her husband Daniel Palladino. The show first aired on The WB network and moved to the CW network when the WB merged with UPN.

_Gilmore Girls_ episodes are an hour long. It has very witty storylines that explored family, generational divides, love, and friendship. It has the makings of a comedy because of the fast-paced dialogue, the wild references and sense of humour that was in the program. _Gilmore Girls_ is set in Stars Hollow, a fictional town where everyone knew each other and many strange types of people walked the streets.

## Characters

|Character|Actor|
| --- | --- |
|Lorelai Gilmore|Lauren Graham|
|Rory Gilmore|Alexis Bledel|
|Luke Danes|Scott Patterson|
|Emily Gilmore|Kelly Bishop|
|Richard Gilmore|Edward Herrmann|
|Sookie St. James|Melissa McCarthy|
|Lane Kim|Keiko Agena|
|Mrs. Kim|Emily Kuroda|
|Paris Geller|Liza Weil|
|Jess Mariano|Milo Ventimiglia|
|Kirk Gleason|Sean Gunn|
|Logan Huntzberger|Matt Czuchry|
|Dean Forester|Jared Padalecki|
|Michel Gerard|Yanic Truesdale|
|Jackson Belleville|Jackson Douglas|
|Taylor Doose|Michael Winters|
|Babette Dell|Sally Struthers|
|Tristan DuGrey|Chad Michael Murray|
|Jason Stiles|Chris Eigeman|

## Other websites

- Official Site
- Episode reviews and comments  from TelevisionWithoutPity.com

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Gilmore Girls (The WB television series) logo.svg
- **runtime**: 42 minutes
- **creator**: Amy Sherman-Palladino
- **executive producer**: David S. Rosenthal
- **starring**: _see #Main cast, below_
- **opentheme**: "Tapestry (album), Where You Lead" by Carole King and Louise Goffin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: The WB Television Network, The WB (2000-2006)
The CW Television Network, The CW (2006-2007)
- **num seasons**: 7
- **num episodes**: 153
Nasal cavity

The **nasal cavity** (or **nasal fossa**) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

## Function

The nose cavity is divided into a right and left passageway. The tissue that covers the wall of the nasal cavity contains many blood vessels. Heat from the blood in the vessels helps warm the air breathed in. Moisture (small amount of water) is added to the air by special cells in the walls of the nasal cavity. The air is warmed and moistened before it reaches the lungs. Cilia (small hairs) and mucus along the inside wall of the nasal cavity trap and remove dust and germs from the air as it flows through the nasal cavity. The cilia move the mucus down the nasal cavity to the pharynx, where it can be swallowed.

## Location

The nasal cavity is covered by the nasal bone. The top of the inside of the mouth separates the nasal cavity from the mouth. The nasal cavity is divided in two by a vertical fin called the nasal septum. On the sides of the nasal cavity are three horizontal outgrowths called turbinates. These turbinates guide the air through the nasal cavity. The vomeronasal organ is found at the back of the septum and has a role in finding pheromones.

## Diseases

Diseases of the nasal cavity include viral infection<nowiki/>s and nasal cavity cancer. Picking your nose can lead to bloody noses as well.

## Other websites

- Gross anatomy dissection of the nasal cavity, video http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/nervous_system/ear_vid_D720.html  and http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/courses/gross

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Nasal Cavity
- **latin**: cavum nasi; cavitas nasi
- **image**: Illu01 head neck.jpg
- **caption**: Head and neck.
- **image2**: Illu conducting passages.svg
- **caption2**: Conducting passages
- **part of**: Nose
Daniel Radcliffe

**Daniel Jacob Radcliffe** (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor. He rose to fame at age 12 when he began portraying Harry Potter in the film series of the same name. Radcliffe portrayed Potter in all eight films in the series, beginning with _Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone_ (2001) and concluding with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). He won a Tony Award in 2024.

## Career

Radcliffe started acting in school plays when he was in primary school. When he was 10 years old, he played the part of the young David Copperfield in the television show _David Copperfield_.

In 2001, he played Mark Pendel in the film _Tailor of Panama_. Later that year, he was chosen to play Harry Potter in the film _Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone_ (called _Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone_ in the United States). He also played Harry Potter in the other Harry Potter films.

## Filmography

- 2001: _The Tailor of Panama_
- 2001: _Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone_
- 2002: _Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets_
- 2004: _Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban_
- 2005: _Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire_
- 2007: _Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix_
- 2007: _December Boys_
- 2009: _Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince_
- 2010: _Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I_
- 2011: _Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part II_
- 2012: _The Woman in Black_
- 2013: _Kill Your Darlings_
- 2013: _Horns_

## Other websites

- DanRadcliffe.co.uk
- DanRadcliffe.com
- Daniel Radcliffe interview for _Order of the Phoenix_ at TheCinemaSource.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Daniel Radcliffe
- **image**: DanielRadcliffe.jpg
- **caption**: Radcliffe at the 2022 New York Comic Con
- **birthname**: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **parents**: Alan Radcliffe
Marsha (née Jacobson)
- **children**: 1
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1999–present
- **known for**: **Mark Pendel** in _The Tailor of Panama_ (2001)
**Harry Potter** in _Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (movie), Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone_ (2001) and its sequels
**Maps** in _December Boys_ (2007)
Juice

**Juice** is a liquid that comes from plants, animals or fruit. The juice from fruit is often made into a drink. Some fruits that are often made into drinks are apple, orange, tomato, pineapple, grapefruit, guava, mango, passionfruit, watermelon, cranberry, grape, lemon and lime, but there are many others.

In the United Kingdom the name of a fruit or fruits followed by _juice_ can only legally be used to describe something which is 100% fruit juice. This is because of the Fruit Juices and Fruit Nectars (England) Regulations and the Fruit Juices & Fruit Nectars (Scotland) Regulations 2003.

Juice can be bought from a store, already in bottles. Companies sell fruit juice just like any other drink. Juices are made by squeezing the juice out of the fruit.

If something has a lot of juice in it, it is said to be **juicy**. Juice does not have to be a drink. It can just be a liquid contained in something.

Some Juices could be healthy. Orange juice has vitamin C, folic acid, and potassium which may help prevent many diseases.
Morning

- _Not to be confused with mourning._

**Morning** is period between sunrise until midday.

## Morning activities

Many people use the morning as a time to get ready for the day. This includes things like taking a shower, eating a meal (called breakfast, because you break the fast of the night) and getting dressed. Then many people go to work or school.

Many people buy a morning newspaper to read about what is going on in the world.
Disinfectant

**Disinfectant** is a liquid used to destroy and kill unwanted germs and parasites. It is often used in the activity of cleaning, especially in bathrooms and kitchens, as they are the areas most likely to be contaminated with dangerous microorganisms.  Disinfectants are dangerous liquids and should be used carefully because they can be deadly to humans and animals when in large amounts; it is also different to antiseptics for this reason - disinfectants can only be used on non-living things, while antiseptics are not strong enough to combat the germs disinfectant fights.

**Types of Disinfectant**
Disinfectant types are classified based on various types of applications.
Different disinfectants are used differently.

Four types of disinfectant:
1. Air Disinfectant – These types of disinfectants are applicable in hospitals.
1. Phenols – These are household types of disinfectants.
1. Alcohol – These are surface disinfection type.
1. Oxidizing Agents – These are water treatment types of disinfectants.