juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Carl Bernstein

**Carl Bernstein** (born February 14, 1944 in Washington, D.C.) is an American investigative journalist and author. While working with Bob Woodward at The Washington Post, the two did the majority of the most important news reporting on the Watergate scandal. He was married to filmmaker Nora Ephron from 1976 until they divorced in 1980.

## Other websites

- Carl Bernstein _official site_
- Profile at Random House
- Proffile at Simon and Schuster
- Profile at _The Washington Post_
- Watergate Papers Web Exhibition  at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin, with inventory
Anne Veski

**Anne Veski** (born **Anne Vaarmann**; 27 February 1956) is an Estonian pop singer. She has sung in Estonian, Russian, and Polish.

## Family

Veski is married to her second husband, Benno Beltšikov, who also is her manager. Veski was previously married to Jaak Veski (1956–1994) from 1977 tae 1981. She has a daughter, Kerli. Kerli is a diplomat an has worked at the Estonian Consulate in Moscow. Veski also has two grandchildren via Kerli.

## Discography

- "Ingleid ei..." (2009)
- "АННЕ ВЕСКИ. Я НЕ ТАКАЯ" (2007)
- "АННЕ ВЕСКИ. РАДОВАТЬСЯ ЖИЗНИ" "ИМЕНА НА ВСЕ ВРЕМЕНА" (2007)
- DVD "ANNE VESKI. ROOSIAIA KUNINGANNA" (2006)
- DVD "АННЕ ВЕСКИ. НИ О ЧЕМ НЕ ЖАЛЕЙТЕ" (2006)
- "ANNE VESKI. 60 parimat laulu - EESTI KULLAFOND" (3 platinum CD; 2006)
- "Ни о чем не жалейте" (2004)
- Анне Вески, Имена на все времена (2003)
- "Lootus" (2003)
- Не грусти, человек (2002)
- Анне Вески, Звезды советской эстрады (2001)
- Grand Collection (2001)
- Armukarneval (2000)
- Star Collection (2000)
- "Туннель под Ла-Маншем" (1996)
- Калейдоскоп (1994)
- "Поет Анне Вески" (1985)
- "Анне Вески" (1994)
- "Анне Вески и Мюзик-Сейф"
- "Я вас благодарю", "Анне Вески и ансамбль Немо" (1988)
- "Поет Анне Вески" (1986)
- "Я обещаю вам сады" (1985)
- "Я обещаю вам сады"
- "Позади крутой поворот" (1984)
- "Поет Анне Вески" (1984)
- "Поет Анне Вески"
- "Anne Veski" (1983)

## Other websites

- Anne Veski's Official Myspace
- Official site (in Estonian)
- Official site (in Russian)
- Visiting the star Anne Veski: "I live like a queen!" (in Russian)
- https://news.err.ee/1608583693/music-manager-benno-beltsikov-dies

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Anne Veski
- **image**: Estraadilaulja Anne Veski.JPG
- **caption**: Anne Veski in 2011.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Rapla, Estonia
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer
- **instrument**: Voice
- **years active**: 1978–present
- **website**: [http://www.anneveski.ru www.anneveski.ru]
Luciana Echeverría

**Luciana Andrea Echeverría Christie** (born 12 July 1991 in Cauquenes) is a Chilean actress, singer and television presenter.

### Movies

|Year|Title|Character|Director|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|_Joven y alocada_|Chica Sexy|Marialy Rivas|
|2013|_Video Club_|Daniela|Pablo Illanes|

### Television

|Year|Titre|Character|Channel|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007−10|_Karkú_|Valentina Urquieta|TVN−Nickelodeon|
|2009|_Corazón Rebelde_|María José "Coté" Colucci|Canal 13|
|2010|_Feroz_|Danae Suicx|Canal 13|
|2010−11|_Primera Dama_|Cristina Santander|Canal 13|
|2011|_Témpano_|Teresa Truman Graun|TVN|
|2011−2012|_Su nombre es Joaquín_|Magdalena Silva|TVN|
|2013|_Chico reality_|Luz|Mega|

#### Shows

- _Cubox_ (Canal 13, 2010) - Herself/Presenter

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Luciana Echeverría
- **image**: Luciana Echeverria 2014.png
- **caption**: SML Magazine in 2014
- **birth name**: Luciana Andrea Echeverría Christie
- **birth place**: Cauquenes, Chile
- **nationality**: Chilean
- **occupation**: Actress, television presenter, singer
- **years active**: 2007-present
Francisco José Urrutia Holguín

**Francisco José Urrutia Holguín** (28 May 1910 – 19 October 1981) was a Colombian-Ecuadorian lawyer and diplomat. He served as 7th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations, 11th Colombia Ambassador to United States, as well as Ambassador to Venezuela and Argentina.

Holguín was born on 28 May 1910 in Quito, Ecuador. He studied at National University of Columbia. Holguín was married Genoveva Montoya Williamson on 18 July 1934 in Bogotá. Together had five children: Francisco, María Lourdes, Jorge, Miguel, and Jaime. Holguín died on 19 October 1981 in Bogotá, Colombia, aged 71.

## Infobox (ambassador)

- **name**: Francisco José Urrutia Holguín
- **order2**: 11th
- **ambassador from2**: Colombia
- **country2**: United States
- **term start2**: 14 November 1955
- **term end2**: 10 October 1957
- **predecessor2**: Eduardo Zuleta Ángel
- **successor2**: José Gutiérrez Gómez
- **president2**: Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
- **order3**: 7th
- **office3**: Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations
- **term start3**: 19 August 1953
- **term end3**: 4 September 1957
- **president3**: Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
- **predecessor3**: Evaristo Sourdis Juliao
- **successor3**: Alfoso Araújo
- **ambassador from4**: Colombia
- **country4**: Venezuela
- **term start4**: 1952
- **term end4**: 1953
- **president4**: Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez
- **ambassador from5**: Colombia
- **country5**: Argentina
- **term start5**: 1948
- **term end5**: 1950
- **president5**: Mariano Ospina Pérez
- **birth place**: Quito, Pichincha Province, Pichincha, Ecuador
- **death place**: Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- **nationality**: Colombian people, Colombian-Ecuadorian people, Ecuadorian
- **spouse**: Genoveva Montoya Williamson (1934-)
- **children**: Francisco Antonio  Urrutia Montoya
María Lourdes Urrutia Montoya
Jorge Urrutia Montoya
Miguel Urrutia Montoya
Jaime Urrutia Montoya
- **alma mater**: National University of Colombia (PhD)
- **profession**: Lawyer
United Empire Loyalists

**United Empire Loyalists** were people living in the 13 colonies in what was British North America in the 1770s who did not agree with the American Revolution.

Many residents of the colonies (possibly a majority) either were not in complete agreement with the Revolution and its leaders, or were against it. Some of them actively worked against it, supporting King George III and the British Government. These people became known as "Tories". In many of the colonies, those who openly expressed being against the Revolution and those who joined militias loyal to King George were declared to be outlaws, and their properties taken away by the people favouring the Revolution.

Some of these people wanted to remain in a place that was still part of the British Empire, so they moved to what is now Canada. In many places there they received a warm welcome and became a valued part of their new home area. Many of them have maintained social groups which are limited to people whose ancestors were some of these people, and they are still called "United Empire Loyalists"
British North America

**British North America** was the British part of the continent of North America that is now part of the United States and Canada. The term was used mostly before the American Revolution.

In 1759, after winning the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, the British took control of the colony of New France from the French.

The term "British North America" was used after the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolutionary War and made the British recognize the Thirteen Colonies as independent states. The colonies had formed the United States in 1776.

The terms "British America" and "British North America" continued to be used for Britain's remaining territories in North America. The term "British North America" came to be used more consistently for the provinces that would eventually form the Dominion of Canada.

After the American Revolution, some people still used the term to refer to what is now in Canada. In fact, the Canadian Constitution was at first called the "British North America Act."

Also, not all of what is in the United States were always in the country. For example, areas near the Mississippi River were not part of the original United States. They kept their old allegiances to Britain or France. Also, what is now the Western United States was largely Spanish-speaking before the United States took the region during the Mexican-American War since the region was part of Mexico and earlier Spain.

## Sources

- Cooke, Jacob E. 1993. _Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies_. (3 vols)
- Foster, Stephen, ed. 2014._ British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries_ (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion).
- Garner, John. 1969. _The franchise and politics in British North America, 1755–1867_ (U of Toronto Press)
- Gipson, Lawrence Henry. 1936–70. _The British Empire before the American Revolution_ (15 vols)
- Morton W.L. 1969. _The Kingdom of Canada: a general history from earliest times_.
Millard Mitchell

**Millard Mitchell** (August 14, 1903 – October 13, 1953) was an American actor. He is known for his roles in _My Six Convicts_ and in _A Foreign Affair_. He won a Golden Globe Award in 1952.

Mitchell was born on August 14, 1903 in Havana, Cuba to American parents. He was married to Peggy Gould until his death in 1953. Mitchell died on October 13, 1953 in Santa Monica, California from lung cancer, aged 50.
Jean Arthur

**Jean Arthur** (October 17, 1900 – June 19, 1991) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in _Mr. Deeds Goes to Town_ (1936), _You Can't Take It With You_ (1938), and _Mr. Smith Goes to Washington_ (1939). She was nominated for an Academy Award in 1944 for her role in _The More the Merrier_.

Arthur was born on October 17, 1900 in Plattsburgh, New York. She is of Norwegian-English descent. Arthur was raised in Westbrook, Maine.

She was married to Julian Anker from 1928 until they annulled their marriage in 1928. Then she was married to Frank Ross, Jr. from 1932 until they divorced in 1949. Arthur died on June 19, 1991 in Carmel, California from heart failure, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Literature on Jean Arthur
- Turner Classic Movies "Star of the Month" Profile
- Soares, Andre: Jean Arthur on TCM, Alternative Film Guide
- Gouveia, Michele: The Girl with the Croak: Jean Arthur
- Atkinson, Michael: Jean Therapy
Howell Heflin

**Howell Thomas Heflin** (June 19, 1921 – March 29, 2005) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States Senate from Tuscumbia, Alabama.

Heflin was born on June 19, 1921 in Poulan, Georgia. He was raised in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Heflin studied at Birmingham-Southern College and at University of Alabama School of Law.

Heflin was married to Elizabeth Ann Heflin until his death in 2005. They had one son. Heflin died on March 29, 2005 in Sheffield, Alabama from a heart attack, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Oral History Interview with Howell Heflin from Oral Histories of the American South

## Infobox (senator)

- **name**: Howell Thomas Heflin
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **image name**: Howell Heflin.jpg
- **order**: Chairman of the United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics, Senate Select Committee on Ethics
- **term start**: January 3, 1987
- **term end**: January 3, 1992
- **preceded**: Ted Stevens
- **succeeded**: Terry Sanford
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Alabama
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **term start2**: January 3, 1979
- **term end2**: January 3, 1997
- **preceded2**: John J. Sparkman
- **succeeded2**: Jeff Sessions
- **office3**: Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court
- **term start3**: 1971
- **term end3**: 1977
- **predecessor3**: Hon. J. Ed Livingston
- **successor3**: Hon. C. C. Torbert, Jr.
- **birth place**: Poulan, Georgia
- **death place**: Sheffield, Alabama
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Ann
(until his death)
- **alma mater**: Birmingham-Southern College
University of Alabama School of Law
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1946
- **battles**: World War II
- **awards**: Silver Star
Purple Heart (2)
Ronald Colman

**Ronald Charles Colman** (9 February 1891 – 19 May 1958) was an English actor. He won an Academy Award for his role in _A Double Life_.

## Biography

Colman was born on 9 February 1891 in Richmond, Surrey, England. He studied at Cambridge University.

Colman was married to Thelma Raye from 1920 until they divorced in 1934. Then he was married to Benita Hume from 1938 until his death in 1958. They had one daughter. Colman died on 19 May 1958 in Santa Barbara, California from emphysema, aged 67.

## Other websites

- Ronald Colman at Virtual History
- Official website

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Ronald Charles Colman
- **image**: Ronald Colman - publicity.jpg
- **caption**: Colman in c. 1930s
- **birth date**: 9 February 1891
- **death date**: 19 May 1958
Education in Cuba

**Education in Cuba** has been a high priority for the government for many years. The University of Havana was founded in 1727.  There are also some well-established colleges and universities. For the 1959 revolution, the Castro government nationalized all educational institutions. They created a system operated completely by the government. Their strong ideological content is present. Also the constitution states that educational and cultural policy is based on Marxist ideology.

According to UNESCO, Cuba spends about 10 percent of its budget on education. This is compared with 4 percent in the United Kingdom and 2 percent in the United States.

## Other websites

- Cuban Education in Figures, 1958-2000
- Information on education in Cuba  from Cuba-Junky.com
- Cuban ministry for Education website
- Photos of Cuban education 

## Infobox (education)

- **country name**: Cuban
- **budget**: $2752 million Cuban Peso, CP ($246 CP per capita)
- **budget year**: 2002
- **primary languages**: Spanish language, Spanish
- **literacy year**: 2011
- **literacy total**: 100.0
- **literacy men**: 100.0
- **literacy women**: 100.0
Tripoli (disambiguation)

**Tripoli** is a city in Libya.

**Tripoli** might also mean:
- Tripoli, Greece, the capital of Arcadia prefecture in Greece
- Tripoli, Lebanon, the second-largest city in Lebanon
Morganatic marriage

A **morganatic marriage** is a marriage between a royal person and a person of lower rank. The royal person's title titles and privileges do not go to the spouse or to any children, who do not become heirs. However, the marriage is considered legitimate, and the children are not bastards.

A morganatic marriages is now rare  and is sometimes called a **left-handed marriage** because in the wedding ceremony, the groom usually held his bride's right hand with his left hand.

Most famously, Archduke Franz Ferdinand had to get a morganatic marriage so that he could marry Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, because she was a noble of a lower rank.
Cheranmadevi

** Cheranmahadevi** is a panchayat town in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is in the Tirunelveli district, on the banks of the river Thamirabarani. The town has many temples. In the 2001 census of India, Cheranmadevi had a population of 16,320. About 49% of the population were men, and 51% were women. Cheranmahadevi has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. About 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Cheranmahadevi is part of the Tiruchendur Lok Sabha constituency.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cheranmadevi
- **native name**: சேரன்மகாதேவி
- **native name lang**: ta
- **other name**: Cheranmahadevi
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: India Tamil Nadu
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Tamil Nadu, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tamil Nadu
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Tirunelveli district, Tirunelveli
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 63
- **population total**: 16320
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Tamil language, Tamil
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 627414
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 04634
K. Kamaraj

**Kumarasami Kamaraj ** (), better known as **K. Kamaraj** (15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975), was an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu. He was an important figure in Indian politics during the 1960s. He was the chief minister of Tamil Nadu.

## Infobox (indian politician)

- **name**: K. Kamaraj

- **image**: Statue of Kamarajar.jpg
- **caption**: Statue of Kamaraj in Chennai
- **birth place**: Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India
- **death place**: Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- **nationality**: India
- **party**: Indian National Congress
- **signature**: Signature of K. Kamraj.svg
Nanguneri

**Nanguneri** is a panchayat town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Nanguneri is in Tirunelveli district, about  from the headquarters of the district. The place became important for its famous Vaishnavite temple, which is commonly known as Totadri Mutt.

Nanguneri has an average elevation of 141 metres (462 feet). As of the census of India, Nanguneri had a population of 6,764. About 49% of the population were men, and 51% were women. Nanguneri has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. About 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nanguneri
- **native name**: நாங்குநேரி
- **native name lang**: ta
- **settlement type**: Suburb
- **pushpin map**: India Tamil Nadu
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Tamil Nadu, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tamil Nadu
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Tirunelveli district, Tirunelveli
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 141
- **population total**: 6764
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Tamil language, Tamil
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
Panchayat town

A **Panchayat Town** or **Town Panchayat** is a type of town in India. It refers to any small town which is formed under the Panchayati raj administrative system. It will have under 25,000 people living there. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "Town Panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and Urban Local Bodies (ULB).

## Management

Each state of India has an organisation that manages panchayat towns.
- Karnataka: Directorate of Municipal Administration
- Kerala: Local Self Government Department
- Tamil Nadu: Directorate of Town Panchayats
Translocation (botany)

**Translocation** in vascular plants means the movement of organic molecules and some mineral ions.  Movement of water from the soil to the leaves occurs in xylem vessels as the result of Transpiration. Transpiration, the evaporation of water from leaves, causes a pull on the water column due to the forces of cohesion between water molecules formed due to hydrogen bonds which causes the water to move upwards. Organic materials,  mainly produced in the leaves, are moved around the plant in the living cells of the phloem by a process called translocation.

Unlike xylem (which is composed of dead cells), the phloem is composed of still-living cells that transport sap.  Sap is a water-based solution, rich in sugars made by the photosynthesis. These sugars are transported to non-photosynthetic parts of the plant, such as the roots, or into storage structures, such as tubers or bulbs.

The 'pressure flow' hypothesis was proposed by Ernst Münch in 1930 to explain the mechanism of phloem translocation. Leaves photosynthesize, making sugars. Water moves into the sugar-laden sieve-tube cells with sugar by osmosis. This creating pressure that pushes the sap down the sieve tube. When the sugar reaches cells that need it, the cells actively transport sugars out of the sieve-tube elements.

During the plant's growth period, usually during the spring, storage organs such as the roots are sugar sources, and the plant's many growing areas are sugar sinks. The movement in phloem is multi-directional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is one-directional (upwards). Other molecules like amino acids, hormones, and even messenger RNAs are also transported in the phloem through sieve tube elements.
Boulogne

**Boulogne** might mean any of these different places in France;

- Boulogne, Vendée, a commune in the Vendée department
- Boulogne-Billancourt, a town in the Hauts-de-Seine department
- Boulogne-sur-Helpe, a commune in the Nord department
- Boulogne-sur-Mer, a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department
Zuffa

**Zuffa, LLC** () is an American sports promotion company of mixed martial arts. It was founded in January 2001 in Las Vegas, Nevada by Station Casinos executives Frank Fertitta III and Lorenzo Fertitta to be the parent entity of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) after they purchased it from the Semaphore Entertainment Group. Lorenzo Fertitta is the company's CEO and Chairman while Dana White runs the day-to-day operations.
Zuffa is co-owned by Fertitta brothers (40.5% each), Dana White (9%) and Sheik Tahnoon of Abu Dhabi (Flash Entertainment) (10%).

The word "Zuffa" is an Italian word, meaning "scuffle"

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Zuffa, LLC
- **type**: Limited liability company
- **founder**: Frank Fertitta III
Lorenzo Fertitta
- **location city**: Las Vegas, Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
- **location country**: USA
- **key people**: Lorenzo Fertitta
(Chairman & CEO)
Dana White
- **industry**: Sports promotion
- **subsid**: Ultimate Fighting Championship
Defunct:
* World Fighting Alliance (2006)
* PRIDE Fighting Championships (2007)
* World Extreme Cagefighting (2010)
* Strikeforce (2013)
- **owner**: Frank Fertitta III (40.5%)
Lorenzo Fertitta (40.5%)
Flash Entertainment (10%)
Dana White (9%)
Zither

A **zither** is a stringed musical instrument. The word **'Zithers**' is a German rendering of the Greek word _cithara_, from which the modern word "guitar" also derives. Historically, it has been applied to any instrument of the cittern family, or an instrument consisting of many strings stretched across a thin, flat body – similar to a psaltery. This article describes the second variety.

Zithers are played by strumming or plucking the strings, either with the fingers (sometimes using an accessory called a plectrum or _pick_), sounding the strings with a bow, or, with varieties of the instrument like the santur or cimbalom, by beating the strings with specially shaped hammers. Like a guitaror lute, a zither's body serves as a resonating chamber (sound box), but, unlike guitars and lutes, a zither lacks a distinctly separate neck assembly. The number of strings varies, from one to more than fifty.

In modern common usage the term "zither" refers to three specific instruments: the **concert zither** (German: _Konzertzither_), its variant the **Alpine zither** (both using a fretted fingerboard), and the **chord zither** (more recently described as a fretless zither or "guitar zither"). Concert and Alpine zithers are traditionally found in Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, France, north-western Croatia, the southern regions of Germany, Ancient America and alpine Europe. Emigration from these areas during the 19th century introduced the concert and Alpine zither to North and South America. Chord zithers similar to the instrument in the photograph also became popular in North America during the late 19th and early 20th century. These variants all use metal strings, similar to the **cittern**.
Composite Compound 4

** Composite Compound 4** (often abbreviated to _C4_) is a kind of plastic explosive, which is often used in military operations. C4 is malleable: It can be given almost any form. It can also be handled safely, as neither fire, electricity nor shock will cause an explosion. C4 will explode if force and heat are combined. Because C4 can be given almost any form, additives are used, so that it can be detected more easily. Some of these additives have a distinctive odor, which can be detected by specially trained dogs. Another additive that is used often is metallic powder: This powder can be detected by metal detectors.
Additive

In chemistry, an **additive** is a substance that is added to a mixture or compound to change the properties of that mixture or compound. Food additives are used to improve food.
**Additive properties** depend on the total contribution of the atoms in the molecule or on the sum of the properties of the components in a solution (molecular weight, mass of a solution).
Semtex

**Semtex** is a plastic explosive, often used for construction work. It is made of Pentaerythritol tetranitrate and RDX.
John S. McCain Jr.

**John Sidney "Jack" McCain Jr.** (January 17, 1911 – March 22, 1981) was a United States Navy admiral. He served in conflicts from the 1940s through the 1970s, including as the Commander, United States Pacific Command. He is the father of John McCain.

McCain, Jr. was born on January 17, 1911 in Council Bluffs, Iowa. His father was John S. McCain, Sr.. He was raised in Washington, D.C.. McCain studied at Central High School. McCain was married to Roberta McCain from 1933 until his death in 1981. They had three children. McCain died on March 22, 1981 while on a plane in the middle of the North Atlantic after having a heart attack, aged 70.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Jack McCain
- **placeofburial**: Arlington National Cemetery
- **image**: John S. McCain, Jr. color portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Admiral John Sidney McCain, Jr.
- **nickname**: Jack
- **birth place**: Council Bluffs, Iowa, U.S.
- **death place**: In air over North Atlantic
- **serviceyears**: 1931-1972
- **rank**:  Admiral (United States), Admiral
- **spouse(s)**: Roberta McCain
(m. 1933-1981, his death)
- **unit**: retirement in 1972
- **commands**:

Amphibious Forces, Atlantic Fleet
Eastern Sea Frontier
United States Navy reserve fleets, Atlantic Reserve Fleet
United States Naval Forces Europe, U.S. Naval Forces Europe
United States Pacific Command, U.S. Pacific Command
- **battles**: World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
- **awards**: Navy Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Silver Star
Legion of Merit (3)
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star
- **relations**: Adm. John S. McCain, Sr. (father)
Sen. John McCain, John S. McCain III (son)
Roberta McCain

**Roberta Wright McCain** (February 7, 1912 – October 12, 2020) was the widow of Admiral John S. McCain, Jr. and mother of the late Republican Arizona Senator and two-time Presidential candidate John S. McCain III.

McCain was born on February 7, 1912 in Muskogee, Oklahoma. She had a twin sister. McCain was married to John S. McCain, Jr. from 1933 until his death in 1981. They had three children. On October 22, 2009, she was hospitalized in Portugal after she fell and injured her head.

McCain died on October 12, 2020 in Washington, D.C., at the age of 108.

## Other websites

- McCain's Mother, CNN, February 28, 2000.
- Shaping Character and Destinies: John McCain, National Public Radio, by Terry Gross, December 6, 2005.
- McCain highlights mother's age on Mother's Day May 14, 2007.
- Play of the Day: McCain's Mom on Mormons, November 9, 2007
- Ancestry of Sen. John McCain
- "The Firecracker", Style.com (condensed version of article for Vogue).  August 2008.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Roberta McCain
- **image**: Roberta McCain at the 1992 launching of USS John S. McCain (DDG-56).jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Roberta McCain at the 1992 launching of
- **birth name**: Roberta Wright
- **birth place**: Muskogee, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **known for**: Widow of Admiral (United States), Admiral John S. McCain, Jr.
Mother of U.S. Senator and former Presidential Candidate John McCain
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **spouse**: John S. McCain, Jr.
(m. 1933–1981, his death)
- **children**: 3
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (movie)

***The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas*** is a 2008 British-American historical drama movie. It is based on the book of the same name by John Boyne. The movie is directed by Mark Herman and produced by David Heyman. It stars Asa Butterfield, Jack Scanlon, David Thewlis, Vera Farmiga, Amber Beattie, Richard Johnson and Rupert Friend.

The movie is about a boy whose father is a soldier during the World War II. They decided to move to a new house so that the father can work near the extermination camps. The son likes to explore and he comes to meet a Jewish boy who lives in the extermination camp. One day, he decides to go into the camp and accidentally enters a gas chamber and dies along with all prisoners.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
- **director**: Mark Herman
- **producer**: David Heyman
- **writer**: Mark Herman
- **music**: James Horner
- **cinematography**: Benoît Delhomme
- **editing**: Michael Ellis
- **runtime**: 94 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $12.5 million
- **gross**: $44.1 million
Iverna Codina

**Iverna Codina** (born June 15, 1912 in Quillota – died August 14, 2010 in Buenos Aires) was a Chilean-born Argentine writer.

## Literary works

- 1946 - _Canciones de lluvia y cielo_
- 1950 - _Mas allá de las horas_
- 1952 - _Después del llanto_
- 1956 - _La Luna ha muerto_
- 1960 - _Detrás del grito_
- 1964 - _América en la novela_
- 1966 - _La enlutada_
- 1968 - _Los guerrilleros_
- 1975 - Cuento _La cruz negra_
- _Un barco en la bahía_
- _Diez años de exilio_

## Sources

- Cunietti, Emma Magdalena "Habitantes de frontera en la literatura mendocina" Revista Universum nro 14, 1999, Universidad de Talca.
- Azurduy, Victoria. "Iverna Codina, una exploradora de la realidad". La revista del CCC [en línea]. Mayo / Diciembre 2010, n° 9/10. Actualizado: 2010-10-20 [citado 2011-02-01]. ISSN 1851-3263.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Iverna Codina
- **birth date**: June 15, 1912
- **birth place**: Quillota, Chile
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **occupation**: Writer
Sterilization (microbiology)

**Sterilization** is the removal of all microbes, commonly practiced in medicine. For example, dipping an object in boiling water, heating using a flame, or pasteurizing something are forms of heat sterilization. Pure alcohol at colder temperatures or even steam can be used instead of hot water. Chemicals can be used, and this is called chemical sterilization.
If something is sterile it means it is without germs or foreign life.

Medical instruments (tools) that have undergone sterilization can be maintained in sterile condition by keeping them in sealed packaging until use.
Teresita Reyes

**Teresita Reyes** (February 4, 1950 – May 24, 2025) was a Chilean actress.

## Death

Reyes died on May 24, 2025 at a hospital in Providencia, Chile from stomach and jaw cancer at the age of 75.

### Movies

- _Sussi_ (1987)
- _Te amo (Made in Chile)_ (2001)
- _Promedio rojo_ (2004)
- _Normal con Alas_ (2007)

### Television

|colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"|Telenovelas||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1981|_Villa Los Aromos_|Zenobia|TVN||
|1982|_De cara al mañana_|Teresa Canales|TVN||
|1983|_El juego de la vida_|Mirta Lopez|TVN||
|1984|_La Represa_|Carmen Luisa|TVN||
|1985|_Morir de amor_|Coca Cox|TVN||
|1986|_La Quintrala_|Magdalena Lisperguer|TVN||
|1987|_Mi Nombre es Lara_|María Alvarado|TVN||
|1988|_Bellas y Audaces_|Mamma Sabina|TVN||
|1994|_Top Secret_|Corina Díaz de Samoa|Canal 13||
|1996|_Marrón Glacé, el regreso_|Maclovia|Canal 13||
|1997|_Playa Salvaje_|Myriam|Canal 13||
|1998|_A todo dar_|Brígida|Mega||
|1999|_Algo está cambiando_|Sufrida|Mega||
|2001|_Piel Canela_|Toya Chandía|Canal 13||
|2003|_Machos_|Imelda Robles|Canal 13||
|2004|_Hippie_|Mamma Chela|Canal 13||
|rowspan="2"|2005|_Brujas_|Irene León de Altamirano|Canal 13|
|_Gatas y Tuercas_|Enriqueta García|Canal 13|||
|2006|_Descarado_|Victoria "Toya" Peña|Canal 13||
|2007|_Papi Ricky_|Olga Mía Cuevas|Canal 13||
|2008|_Lola_|Tía Chechi|Canal 13||
|2009|_Corazón Rebelde_|Sandra Murua|Canal 13||
|2010|_Primera Dama_|Engracia Loyola|Canal 13||
|2011|_Esperanza_|Carmen Salazar|TVN||
|2013|_Dos por uno_|Lucy Santos|TVN||
|2013|_La Paisana_||TVN||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Teresita Reyes
- **image**: Teletón 2018 26.jpg
- **birth name**: María Teresita de Jesús Reyes Aleuanlli
- **birth place**: Osorno, Chile
- **death place**: Providencia, Chile
- **children**: 4
- **occupation**: Actor, Actress
Chapman Pincher

**Harry Chapman Pincher** (29 March 1914 – 5 August 2014) was an Indian-born British journalist, historian, and novelist.

## Early life

Pincher was born on 29 March 1914 in Ambala, Punjab. His father was from Britain and his mother was American. Pincher studied at Darlington Grammar School and King's College London.

## His work

Pincher wrote a series of books on supposed KGB spies in the West, mostly members of the British ruling class whom he believed were traitors in the service of the KGB. Among these were Roger Hollis, former head of MI5, and Harold Wilson, twice Prime Minister in the 1960s and 70s.

Many of these ideas had come from James Jesus Angleton, former CIA counterespionage chief. Angleton's career ended when his many allegations were not supported with appropriate evidence. Among his more outrageous claims was that Canadian Prime Ministers Lester Pearson and Pierre Trudeau were agents of the Soviet Union.

Another source was Peter Wright, a former assistant director of MI5. The British Government tried to prevent the publication of Wright's own _Spycatcher_ (1987), which covered much the same ground as Pincher's _Their trade is treachery_. Wright had published in Australia, and the Australian court case ran on for years with no success. In the event, nothing was proved against Hollis, who was the main target of _Their trade is treachery_. Later British Prime Ministers stated that Hollis was a loyal servant of the Crown, and that a great injustice had been done to him by the Pincher and Wright books.

## Death

Pincher died on 5 August 2014 at the age of 100.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Chapman Pincher
- **birth place**: Ambala, Punjab, British Raj
- **occupation**: journalist, historian, and novelist
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **subject**: espionage
- **alma mater**: Darlington Grammar School
Margot Kahl

**Margot Inge Kahl Pingel** (born January 9, 1961 in Puerto Varas) is a Chilean engineer and television presenter.

## TV programs

|Year|Program|Channel|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1984-1988|_60 minutos_|TVN|
|1991|_De Domingo a Domingo_|Megavisión|
|1991-1992|_24 Horas_|TVN|
|1992-2002|_Buenos días a todos_|TVN|
|¿?|_Enlaces_|TVN|
|2002-2003|_Por fin es lunes_|Canal 13|
|2006|_Y tu también_|Telecanal|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Margot Kahl
- **image**: Margot Kahl (20678512352) (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Margot Inge Kahl Pingel
- **birth place**: Puerto Varas, Chile
- **nationality**: Chilean
- **occupation**: Engineer, television presenter
John S. McCain Sr.

**John Sidney "Slew" McCain Sr.** (August 9, 1884 – September 6, 1945) was a United States Navy admiral. He held several command assignments during the Pacific campaign of World War II. His son was John S. McCain, Jr. and his grandson is John McCain.

McCain, Sr. was born on August 9, 1884 in Carroll County, Mississippi. He studied at the University of Mississippi and at the United States Military Academy at West Point. McCain, Sr. was married to Catherine Davey Vaulx from 1909 until his death in 1945. They had one child. McCain died on September 6, 1945 in Coronado, California from a heart attack, aged 61.

## Other websites

- John Sidney McCain at arlingtoncemetery.net site

## Infobox (military person)

- **birth name**: John Sidney McCain
- **birth place**: Carroll County, Mississippi, U.S.
- **death place**: Coronado, California, U.S.
- **placeofburial**: Arlington National Cemetery
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Vice-Admiral John S McCain.jpg
- **nickname**: "Slew"
- **branch**:  United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1906–1945
- **rank**:  Admiral (United States), Admiral
- **commands**:
Air Forces for Western Sea Frontier and the South Pacific Force
Bureau of Aeronautics
Second Fast Carrier Force
Task Group 38.1
 Fast Carrier Task Force, Task Force 38
- **battles**: World War I
World War II
*Pacific War
*Guadalcanal campaign, Guadalcanal Campaign
*Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, Mariana Campaign
*Philippines campaign (1944–45), Philippines Campaign
*Battle of Okinawa
- **awards**: Navy Cross
Navy Distinguished Service Medal (3)
- **relations**: Admiral (United States), ADM U.S. Navy, (USN) John S. McCain, Jr. (son)
Captain (United States)#U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Public Health Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CAPT U.S. Navy, (USN)/United States Senator, Sen. John McCain, John S. McCain III (grandson)
Brigadier General (United States), BG U.S. Army, (USA) William Alexander McCain (brother)
Private (rank), PVT Confederate States Army, (CSA) William Alexander McCain (grandfather)
Our Lady of La Vang

**Our Lady of La Vang** was a reported Marian apparition (a supernatural appearance of the Virgin Mary) in Vietnam. The appearance was reported at a time when Catholics were being persecuted and killed in Vietnam. In Vietnamese she is called **' or **'.

## Name

Modern scholars believe the name came from a plant in the area (_La_ means "leaf" and _Vang_ means "herbal seeds"). Others believe the name came from a Vietnamese word that meant "crying out" as if the Vietnamese Catholics at that time were "crying out" to God for help. Some believe the name came from the rainforest's name La Vang.

## History

Fearing the spread of Catholicism, Emperor Canh Thinh banned the practice of Catholicism. Soon thereafter the emperor made an anti-Catholic edict which made the practice of Catholicism punishable by death. Many Catholics sought refuge in the rainforest  of La Vang in Quang Tri Province. While hiding in the rainforest, the small community would gather every night at the foot of a tree and pray. One night, an apparition surprised them. In the branches of the tree, a lady dressed in the traditional Vietnamese dress (ao dai), holding an infant in her arms with two angels beside her, appeared. The people who witnessed this apparition said that the lady and the infant was the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus. They said that the lady comforted them and told them to boil the leaves from the tree for medicine to cure the illness.

In 1802, many of the Catholics went back to their villages, spreading the story of the apparition. Soon, many people came back to the site to offer incense and to pray. In 1820, a chapel was built. From 1830- 1885 another wave of persecutions decimated the Catholic population. The chapel of Our Lady of La Vang was destroyed and in 1886 a new chapel was built.

## Vatican recognition

There is no official recognition from the Vatican for this as a "Marian apparition". Although there is no official recognition, Pope John Paul II publicly recognized the importance of Our Lady of La Vang and expressed a desire to rebuild the La Vang Basilica to honor the 200th anniversary of the first apparition.

## Infobox (catholic apparition)

- **name**: Our Lady of La Vang
- **image**: VN Phat Diem tango7174.jpg
- **location**: La Vang, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam
- **date**: 1798
- **witness**: group of Vietnamese Catholics
- **type**: Marian apparition
- **approval**: still pending.
- **shrine**: Minor Basilica of Our Lady of La Vang
Naples (disambiguation)

**Naples** is a city in Campania, Italy.

**Naples** might also mean:
- Province of Naples, a province in the Campania region of Italy. The city of Naples is in this province.
- Naples, Florida, a city in Collier County, Florida
- Naples, Maine, a town in Cumberland County, Maine
Nicolas Berejny

**Nicolas Berejny** (born 27 June 1968)  is a skier from France.  He has a disability.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the first skier to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. He was the third skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race.  Because he cannot see, Gregory Nouhaud was his guide and told him where to go when going down the mountain.
Chris Williamson

**Chris Williamson** (born 5 May 1972)  is a skier from Canada.  He has a disability.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the second skier to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. He was the second skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race. He was the third skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race. He was the third skier to finish in the slalom race. Because he cannot see, Robin Femy was his guide and told him where to when going down the mountain. He also skied in the 2010 Winter Paralympics and was the fourth skier to finish the  Giant Slalom, the sixth skier to finish the Slalom and the sixth to finish in the Super G, Visually Impaired. Nick Brush helped him down the mountain.like how Robin Femy did.
Ignacio Gutiérrez

**Ignacio Gutiérrez** (born 1976 in Constitución) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter.

## Television

|Year|Program|Role|Channel|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001-2002|_Hola Andrea_|Reporter|Megavisión|
|2003-present|_SQP_|Panelist/Presentetr|Chilevisión|
|2008-present|_Primer plano_|Panelist/Presenter|Chilevisión|
|2011|_Infiltradas_|Actor (Himself)|Chilevisión|
|2011|_Gala del Festival de Viña del Mar_|Presenter|Chilevisión|
|2012|_Gala del Festival de Viña del Mar_|Presenter|Chilevisión|
|2013|_La mañana de Chilevisión_|Presenter|Chilevisión|
|2013|_Gala del Festival de Viña del Mar_|Presenter|Chilevisión|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ignacio Gutiérrez
- **image**: Ignacio Gutierrez.jpg
- **birth name**: Ignacio Gutierrez
- **birth place**: Constitución, Chile, Constitución, Chile
- **nationality**: Chilean
- **other names**: Nacho Gutiérrez
- **occupation**: Journalist, TV presenter
Vincent Gauthier-Manuel

**Vincent Gauthier-Manuel** (born 6 April 1986) is a skier from France.  He has a disability.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the second skier to finish in the standing men's downhill race. He was the second skier to finish in the men's standing Super-G race. He was the first skier to finish in the men's standing Super Combined race and the slalom race.
Our Lady of Good Health

**Our Lady of Good Health** is the name given to an apparition of the Virgin Mary believed to have appeared in the town of Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu, India. She is also known as **Our Lady of Vailankanni** and **Holy Mother of Good Health**. Her name in the Tamil language is  (Arokia Matha).

The Feast day of Our Lady of Good Health is on the same day as the birthday of the Virgin Mary (September 8).

## The three miraculous events

Although there is no written record of these three events, the oral tradition is that there were three apparitions. Two were during the 16th century and one in the 17th century.

### First appearance

The first apparition was in the town of Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu. It is said that a Hindu boy was resting under a banyan tree near a pond. While he was resting, a woman with an infant on her hand came to him and asked him for milk. The boy agreed and ran off to get the milk. When he came back, he apologized for his lateness and the reduced amount of milk due to an accident when he was coming back with the milk. However, on inspection the boy found the pot of milk to be full and was convinced a miracle happened. Together a man, also a Hindu, and the boy went back to the pond where the apparition had occurred. Again, the Lady appeared with her child. On learning that it was the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus who appeared to the boy, the residents of the local Roman Catholic community became ecstatic and renamed the pond __ (Our Lady's Pond).

### Second appearance

Later towards the end of the 16th century, it is believed the Virgin Mary appeared to a crippled boy (and also a son of a widow) in a place called Thittu, once again in the same town of Vailankanni. The boy is said to have offered buttermilk to the Virgin Mary and then he was cured of his illness. The boy was then commanded by Mary to tell a Catholic gentleman in the nearby town of Nagapattinam. The first shrine was built by this Catholic gentleman.

### Third appearance

The third appearance of the Virgin Mary was in the 17th century. A Portuguese merchant vessel was sailing from Macau in China to Colombo in Sri Lanka. When the vessel was sailing, it was caught in a storm in the Bay of Bengal. The sailors vowed to build a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary if they could reach land safely. The legend claimed that the sea became quiet and they reached safety on the shore of Vailankanni on the Virgin Mary's birthday, September 8. Because of their vow to the Virgin Mary, the Portuguese sailors put up a chapel at Vailankanni by transforming the last small shrine built by the last Catholic gentleman.

## Infobox (catholic apparition)

- **name**: Our Lady of Good Health
- **image**: ND de Fourvière ND de Vailankanni.jpg
- **location**: Vailankanni, India
- **date**: 16th and 17th century
- **witness**: Young milk delivery boy
- **type**: Marian apparition
- **approval**: Pending approval by the Holy See, endorsed by Catholic Bishops' Conference of India
- **shrine**: Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health
Thomas Pfyl

**Thomas Pfyl** (born January 1, 1987) is a skier from Switzerland.  He has a disability.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the third skier to finish in the standing men's downhill race,  Super-G race, and the Super Combined race.
Akira Kano

**Akira Kano**  (狩野 亮 Kanō Akira?) (born March 14, 1986) is a skier from Japan.  He has a disability and uses a wheelchair.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the first skier to finish in the sitting men's downhill race.
Taiki Morii

**Taiki Morii**   (森井 大輝 Morii Taiki?) (born July 9, 1980)  is a skier from Japan.  He has a disability and uses a wheelchair.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  He was the first skier to finish in the Giant Slalom race, and was the second skier to finish in the sitting men's downhill race and the Super-G race.
Robin Femy

**Robin Femy** (born 19 October 1989) is a skier from Canada. He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Chris Williamson. They were the third skiers to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. They were the second skiers to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race. They were the third skiers to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race. They were the third skiers to finish in the slalom race.
Gregory Nouhaud

**Gregory Nouhaud** (born 26 August 1982) is a skier from France.  He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Nicolas Berejny. They were the first skiers to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. They were the third skiers to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race.
Miguel Galindo Garcés

**Miguel Galindo Garces** (born 1981) is a skier from Spain.  He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Jon Santacana Maiztegui. They were the second skiers to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. They were the first skiers to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race, the Giant Slalom race and the Super Combined race. They were the second skiers to finish in the slalom race.