juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
General Data Protection Regulation

The **General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)** (Regulation (European Union) 2016/679) was adopted on 27 April 2016. It took effect on 25 May 2018.

The regulation is approved by the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission. It protects people's personal data throughout the European Union (EU). The decree also affects data exports from the EU.

The GDPR is aimed at giving citizens control over their personal data. It simplifies regulations for economic relations with other countries by making the EU procedures standardised. The GDPR replaces the Data Protection Directive of 1995. The new GDPR law doesn't need any changes in local laws within the EU. The regulation is binding.

## Rules enforced

The General Data Protection Regulation enforces rules that protect people against a wide variety of privacy issues. It gives the right for people to lawfully agree with companies to use their private information. It gives the right for people to have their private information no longer accessible by a company. Users have the right to allow their private information to become public or not. The regulation also makes sure that no personal data is processed unless the user has allowed the processor of personal data to do so. Consent means that the users lawfully agree to companies using their personal information.

## Timeline

- 25 January 2012: The proposal for the GDPR was released.
- 21 October 2013: The European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs vote for whether GDPR should become the new regulation for people in Europe.
- 15 December 2015: The European Parliament, Council and Commission (Formal Trilogue meeting) discuss  the General Data Protection Regulation. On that day, the GDPR has resulted in a joint proposal.
- 17 December 2015: The European Parliament's LIBE Committee voted for the negotiations between the three parties.
- 8 April 2016: The General Data Protection Regulation was adopted by the European Union. The only member state voting against was Austria, which argued that several aspects of the new regulation are not satisfactory when compared to the Data Protection Directive.
- 14 April 2016: The General Data Protection Regulation was adopted by the European Parliament, replacing the Data Protection Directive that they previously used.
- 24 May 2016: The General Data Protection Regulation started to be used around the world, but was not yet fully enforced. This is 20 days after the General Data Protection Regulation was published by the _Official Journal of the European Union_.
- 25 May 2018: The General Data Protection Regulation becomes fully enforced around the world. .
- July/August 2018: GDPR will be enforced in Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. These three countries have joined the EEA Joint Committee, as they all agreed to follow the regulation.

## References

- https://www.academia.edu/40951206/Levoluzione_del_diritto_alla_privacy_nella_societ%C3%A0_dellinformazione_dalla_storia_alla_iperstoria L'evoluzione della privacy nella società dell'informazione di C.Casi
Alberto Dines

**Alberto Dines** (February 19, 1932 — May 22, 2018) was a Brazilian journalist and writer. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He has taught journalism from 1963 until his death, and was a visiting professor at the Columbia University School of Journalism in 1974.

Dines was the editor in chief of _Jornal do Brasil_ for twelve years, in addition to coordinating the Rio de Janeiro branch of _Folha de S.Paulo_. He was also the director of Grupo Abril in Portugal, where he launched the _Exame_ magazine.

Dines died of pneumonia on May 22, 2018 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 86.
James, Earl of Wessex

**James Alexander Philip Theo Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex**  (born 17 December 2007) is a member of the British royal family. He is the youngest child of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh and Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh.

He was born at Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley, Surrey. He is the youngest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and a nephew of King Charles III.

From his birth in 2007 until 2023, he was called  Viscount Severn

## Titles

From his birth in 2007 until 2023, he was called Viscount Severn. In 2023, when his father became the Duke of Edinburgh, James started using his father’s lesser title, which is Earl of Wessex. When addressing him directly, he uses Lord Wessex.

James is legally a prince, as he is the grandson on a male line of a monarch. His parents decided he will be styled as the son of an earl, not a prince. When he turns 18, he will have the choice to use his princely title, which is likely.

**Timeline:**

-17 December 2007, James, Viscount Severn

-10 March 2023, James, Earl of Wessex

**Honors**

-6 February 2012: Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal

-6 February 2023: Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal

-6 May 2023: Recipient of the King Charles III Coronation Medal

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James, Earl of Wessex
- **image**: James Mountbatten-Windsor 2023.jpg
- **caption**: James in 2023
- **birth place**: Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, Surrey, United Kingdom
- **father**: Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
- **mother**: Sophie Rhys-Jones
- **relatives**: Lady Louise Windsor (sister)
- **family**: Windsor
Júlio Pomar

**Júlio Pomar**, <small>GOL, GCM</small> (January 10, 1926 – May 22, 2018) was a Portuguese painter. He was born in Lisbon. Pomar worked in the neo-realist movement from 1945-1957 and later became a neo-expressionist. He illustrated a children's book by American-Portuguese novelist Richard Zimler.

Pomar died at the age of 92 at a hospital in Lisbon on May 22, 2018.

## Other websites

- Júlio Pomar at the Modern Art Center (In Portuguese)
Blue Edwards

**Theodore** "**Blue**" **Edwards** (born October 31, 1965) is a retired American professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Edwards played ten years in the league.

## Other websites

- Blue Edwards NBA statistics
John Hasler

**John Hasler** (born 21 April 1974) is an English actor and voice actor. He is best known for his role as Thomas and Rheneas in the U.K. dub of the children's television series _Thomas and Friends_. He is also known for voicing Arnold McKinley and James Jones in the U.K. dub of the children's television series _Fireman Sam_.

## Filmography

- _T-Bag_ - T-shirt
- _Doctor at the Top_ - Alec
- _The Legends of Treasure Island_ - Jim Hawkins
- _Casualty_ - Lee Carter
- _Fireman Sam_ - James Jones, Arnold McKinley
- _Teenage Fairytale Dropouts_ - Trafalgar
- _Toot the Tiny Tugboat_ - Toot
- _Thomas & Friends_ - Thomas, Rheneas
- _Go Jetters_ - Foz

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: John Hasler
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor
- **birth place**: Barking, London, Barking, London, England
- **years active**: 1984–present
- **notable works**: _Fireman Sam_
_Thomas & Friends_
Faith Whittlesey

**Faith Ryan Whittlesey** (February 21, 1939 – May 21, 2018) was an American Republican politician and White House Senior Staff member. She was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. She served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1973 to 1976.

Whittlesey served as the United States Ambassador to Switzerland from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1985 to 1988 under the Ronald Reagan administration.

Whittlesey died on May 21, 2018, aged 79, of cancer in Washington, D.C..

## Other websites

- Amb. Whittlesey's writings at the American Swiss Foundation
- Bio page at the Council of American Ambassadors
- Official State Department Bio
- Her wedding announcement
- Blue-Blood Breakup
- “Die USA negieren Abkommen” an interview with Faith Whittlesey (in German)
Hartford, Illinois

**Hartford** is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States, near the mouth of the Missouri River. The population was 1,185 at the 2020 census. Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1803-1804 here, near what has been designated the Lewis and Clark State Historic Site.

## Underground gas leakage

Since multiple oil refineries have been in the area for lots of years, An estimate of 4 million gallons of gasoline have leaked into the ground below. The village filed a lawsuit on July 21 2008, for all the parties that were there.
Erik Lidbom

**Erik Lidbom** is a Swedish songwriter and music producer based in Stockholm, Sweden. Lidbom is better known as a K-Pop and J-Pop composer.

## Career

Lidbom started his musical as a lyricist. In 2007, Lidbom wrote a song for a Japanese boy band _Arashi_ for their J-Pop album _Time_. In 2009, Lidbom composed a song _Genie_ for the South Korean band _Girls’ Generation_, which was well received by audiences. Lidbom wrote and produced several international hit songs with Asian artists and bands like Arashi, SHINee, Gugudan, Namie Amuro & BoA.

As of 2018, Lidbom has collaborated on more than 60 albums as a composer.

## Selected discography

|Year|Title|Artist|Genre|Credit|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2017|_Summer Calling_|Jung Yong-Hwa|Pop|Composer|
|2016|_1 of 1_|Shinee|Pop|Composer|
|2011|_Checkmate!_|Namie Amuro|Pop|Producer|
|2011|_Diamond Veil_|Sweetbox|Pop|Composer|
|2013|_Break Down_|Super Junior M|Pop|Music arranger|
|2012|_Delicious Friday_|Crystal Kay|Pop|Composer|
|2014|_BRIGHTER DAY_|Namie Amuro|Pop|Composer|
|2015|_Love & Peace/Shi-tai!_|Cross Gene|Pop|Composer|
|2017|_Sensational Feeling Nine!_|Sf9|Pop|Composer|
|2017|_Stay Gold_|CNBLUE|Pop|Composer|
|2018|_E.G.11_|E-girls|Pop|Composer|
|2019|_Turning Up_|ARASHI|Pop|Composer|
|2019|The Reason Why|TWICE|Pop|Composer|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Erik Lidbom
- **alias**: Erik Gustav Lidbom
- **origin**: Uppsala, Sweden
- **genre**: K-Pop, J-Pop
- **occupation**: songwriter, music producer
- **yearsactive**: 2005–present
- **label**: Warner Music Japan
Hitfire Production
- **website**: http://eriklidbom.com/eng/
Paul Bogle

**Paul Bogle** (1822 – 24 October 1865) was a Jamaican Baptist deacon and activist. He is a National Hero of Jamaica because he was a leader of the 1865 Morant Bay protesters, who marched for justice and fair treatment for all the people in Jamaica. After leading the Morant Bay Rebellion, Bogle was captured by government troops, tried by British authorities under martial law, and hanged on 24 October 1865 in the Morant Bay Court House.

Bogle had become the friend of wealthy landowner and fellow Baptist George William Gordon, a biracial man who served in the Assembly as one of two representatives from St. Thomas-in-the-East parish.

Bogle led a group of small farmers 45 miles to the then capital, Spanish Town, hoping to meet with Governor Eyre to discuss their issues, but they were denied an audience. The people of Stony Gut lost confidence and trust in the Government, and Bogle’s supporters grew in number in the parish.

## Legacy

In 1969 Paul Bogle was named a National Hero along with George William Gordon, Marcus Garvey, Sir Alexander Bustamante, Norman Washington Manley and Nanny.

Bogle is on the heads side of the Jamaican 10 cent coin. His face was also on the Jamaican two-dollar bill, from 1969 until 1989, when the two-dollar bill was cut out.

The Paul Bogle High School in the parish of his birth is named after him.

He is referred to together with Toussaint L'Ouverture, leader of the Haitian Revolution, in the name of the London-based publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture.
Prime Minister of Jamaica

The **Prime Minister of Jamaica** is the head of government of Jamaica. Andrew Holness is the current office holder and was sworn in as Prime Minister on 3 March 2016. He succeeded People's National Party (PNP) leader Portia Simpson-Miller. This was a result of the JLP's victory in Jamaica's 25 February 2016 general election.

The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of Jamaica, who represents Charles III, the King of Jamaica (Jamaica's Head of State).

## Official home

The Prime Minister of Jamaica's official home is Vale Royal. The property was built in 1694 by the planter Sir William Taylor, who was one of the richest men in Jamaica at the time. In 1928 the property was sold to the government and became the official residence of the British Colonial Secretary (then Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs). Vale Royal has subsequently become the official home of the Prime Minister. Vale Royal is not open for the public.

List of prime ministers of Jamaica

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Prime Minister
- **body**: Jamaica
- **flag**: Flag of the Prime Minister of Jamaica.svg
- **flagcaption**: Standard of the Prime Minister of Jamaica
- **insignia**: Coat of Arms of Jamaica.svg
- **insigniacaption**: <div style="font-size:80%;line-height:1.4em;">Coat of arms of Jamaica, Arms of Her Majesty's Government (term), Her Majesty's Government of Jamaica, Jamaican Government</div>
- **image**: Andrew Holness crop.jpg
- **incumbent**: Andrew Holness
- **incumbentsince**: 3 March 2016
- **style**: The Most Honourable
- **residence**: Vale Royal
- **appointer**: Governor-General of Jamaica
- **termlength**: At His Majesty's pleasure
- **termlength qualified**: 5 years
- **formation**: 5 May 1955
- **inaugural**: Alexander Bustamante, Sir William Bustamante

<small>as Chief Minister of Jamaica</small>
- **salary**: $7,271,283JMD apx* Annually
- **website**: [http://www.opm.gov.jm/ www.opm.jm]
Spanish Town

**Spanish Town** is a town in Jamaica. It is the capital and the largest town in the parish of St. Catherine in the historic county of Middlesex. It was the Spanish and British capital of Jamaica from 1534 until 1872.

The town has many memorials, the national archives, and one of the oldest Anglican churches outside England.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Spanish Town
- **nickname**: Spain
- **image skyline**: St.-Jago-de-la-Vega.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: St. Jago de la Vega Cathedral
- **image map**: Jamaica location map.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Jamaica
- **subdivision type1**: Parishes of Jamaica, Parish
- **subdivision name1**: Saint Catherine, Jamaica, St Catherine
- **established title**: Founded as Villa de la Vega
- **established date**: 1534
- **settlement type**: Town
- **population est**: 162359
- **pop est as of**: 2010
- **timezone**: EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **area code**: 876
Palmar plate

In the human hand, **palmar** or **volar plates** (or ligaments) are in between the hand bones called metacarpals in the palm, and the finger bones called phalanges.

These plates or ligaments help protect and control the finger bones, make sure they move the right way, and make sure the finger joints can't be pulled apart.

## Structure

This joint padding starts at the bottom joint of the first finger bone (proximal phalange), and then goes on to the next joint connecting to the middle finger bone (intermediate phalange).

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Palmar plate
- **image**: Metacarpophalangeal joint illustration.svg
- **caption**: Finger joint straightening and bending, palmar plate in grey
- **width**: 190
Metacarpophalangeal joint

The **metacarpophalangeal joints** (**MCP**) are between the bones in the hand at the palm called metacarpals, and the first finger bones called proximal phalanges.

The palm bones have rounded ends, and the finger bone ends are shaped like caves. This helps the two bones fit together like a puzzle.

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Metacarpophalangeal joint
- **image**: Grant 1962 104 MCP.png
- **caption**: The palme side of the hand showing the bones and joints spread out. MCP joints in red.
- **width**: 250
- **image2**: Gray337.png
- **width2**: 120
- **system**: 099
Alpine fault

The **Alpine Fault** is a geological fault that runs entirely through New Zealand's South Island.  It forms a boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. Earthquakes along the fault have formed the Southern Alps.
Arianrhod

**Arianrhod** () is a figure in Welsh mythology who plays her most important role in the Fourth Branch of the _Mabinogi_. She is the daughter of Dôn and the sister of Gwydion and Gilfaethwy; the Welsh Triads give her father as Beli Mawr. In the _Mabinogi_ her uncle Math ap Mathonwy is the King of Gwynedd, and during the course of the story she gives birth to two sons, Dylan ail Don and Lleu Llaw Gyffes, through magical means.
Vice President of South Sudan

The **Vice President of South Sudan** is the second highest political position in South Sudan. The current Vice President is James Wani Igga.

A temporary position called First Vice President was created in August 2015.

## Vice Presidents of South Sudan 2005

|N|Name|Portrait|colspan=2|Term of office|Political party|Presidents||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Salva Kiir Mayardit||9 July 2005|30 July 2005|SPLM|John Garang de Mabior||
|2|Riek Machar||30 July 2005|9 July 2011|SPLM|Salva Kiir Mayardit||
|—|Riek Machar||9 July 2011|23 July 2013|SPLM|rowspan="5"|Salva Kiir Mayardit|
|3|James Wani Igga||23 July 2013|21 February 2020|SPLM|||
|—|Riek Machar||26 April 2016|26 July 2016|SPLM-IO|||
|4|Taban Deng Gai||26 July 2016|21 February 2020|SPLM-IO|||
|—|Riek Machar||21 February 2020|_Incumbent_|SPLM-IO|rowspan="5"|Salva Kiir Mayardit|
|—|Taban Deng Gai||21 February 2020|_Incumbent_|SPLM-IO|||
|—|James Wani Igga||21 February 2020|11 February 2025|SPLM|||
|5|Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior||21 February 2020|_Incumbent_|SPLM|||
|6|Hussein Abdelbagi||21 February 2020|_11 February 2025_|SPLM|||
|7|Benjamin Bol Mel||11 February 2025|_Incumbent_||||
|8|Josephine Joseph Lagu||11 February 2025|_Incumbent_||||
Taban Deng Gai

**Taban Deng Gai** is a South Sudanese politician. He has been the second First Vice President of South Sudan since 23 July 2016. He was mining minister before being appointed as acting first vice president. He has served as governor of Unity State since 30 September 2005.

In the April 2010 elections the state electoral body stated that Taban Deng Gai won by 137,662 votes, beating runner-up Angelina Teny who won 63,561 votes.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Taban Deng Gai
- **image**: Taban Deng Gai.png
- **office**: Vice President of South Sudan, 2nd First Vice President of South Sudan
- **term start**: 23 July 2016
- **predecessor**: Riek Machar
- **nationality**: South Sudanese
Human reproduction

**Human reproduction** is any form of sexual reproduction in humans. It typically involves sexual activities between a man and a woman. During sex, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
Gigantspinosaurus

***Gigantspinosaurus*** (meaning "giant-spined lizard") is a mediun-sized stegosaur from the Upper Jurassic. It was found in Sichuan, China. It was only about 4.2 metres (14 ft) long and 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) in weight. The animal had greatly enlarged shoulder spines.

A study suggested that _Gigantspinosaurus_ is the most basal known member of the Stegosauria.
Lophorhothon

***Lophorhothon*** (Langston, 1960) is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, the first genus of dinosaur discovered in Alabama, in the United States.

## Discovery and naming

Remains of this small, poorly known perhaps saurolophine dinosaur were first discovered during the 1940s, from extensive erosional outcrops of the lower unnamed member of the Mooreville Chalk Formation in Dallas County, west of the town of Selma, Alabama.

## Taxonomic status

A number of workers have questioned the validity of _L. atopus_. It may have been a premature _Prosaurolophus_.

## Holotype

The holotype specimen was likely washed out to sea by a river, where it eventually sank and was buried in the silty carbonate sediments of Alabama.

## Sources

- Horner, J. R., Weishampel, D. B., and Forster, C. A. 2004. Chapter Twenty: Hadrosauridae. in The Dinosauria (2nd edition), Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., editors. University of California Press.
- Lamb, J. P. 1998. _Lophorothon_, an iguanodontian, not a hadrosaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18 (3 Abstracts): 59A.
- Langston, W. 1960. The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama, part VI: the dinosaurs. Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3(5): 315–359.
- Schwimmer, D. R.  1997.  Late Cretaceous dinosaurs in eastern USA: a taphonomic and biogeographic model of occurrences, p. 203–211. In  D. L. Wolberg, E. Stump, and G. D. Rosenberg (eds.), Dinofest International. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
- Thurmond, J. T. and Jones, D. E. 1981. Fossil vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press.
Tsintaosaurus

***Tsintaosaurus*** (; meaning "Qingdao lizard", after the old transliteration "Tsingtao")  is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur found in China.

Like other hadrosaurs, it walked on all fours but it could also move on its rear legs alone. They probably lived in herds.
Back to You (Selena Gomez song)

"**Back to You**" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez. It was written by Amy Allen, Gomez, Diederik van Elsas, Parrish Warrington, and Micah Premnath. It was produced by Trackside and Ian Kirkparick. It was released on May 10, 2018, and it is the lead single from the soundtrack of the second season of _13 Reasons Why_ (2017).

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2018)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|8||||
|18||||
|51||||
|5||||
|1||||
|8||||
|11||||
|7||||
|3||||
|21||||
|3||||
|12||||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2018)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|58||||
|46||||
|25||||
|32||||
|82||||
|82||||
|55||||
|63||||
|38||||
|93||||
|74||||
|100||||
|41||||
|50||||
|26||||
|41||||
|10||||
|201||||

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format|scope="col"|Label||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|May 10, 2018|Digital download|rowspan="9"|Interscope||||||
|May 15, 2018|Contemporary hit radio||||||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Back to You
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Selena Gomez
- **album**: 13 Reasons Why, 13 Reasons Why: Season 2 (Music from the Original TV Series)
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **chronology**: Selena Gomez singles
- **prev title**: Wolves
- **prev year**: 2017
- **next title**: Lose You to Love Me
- **next year**: 2019
Donji Kraji

**Donji Kraji** ("Lower Regions" or "Lower Ends") or **Olfeld** (In ), known in Latin as ***Partes inferiores*** ("Lower Parts"), was a small medieval region in present-day northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the southwestern size of Bosanska Krajina.

## Name and geography

At first, _Donji Kraji_ referred to a region around Ključ on the Sana. From the 13th century on, the region was more often called _Donji kraji Slavonije_ than _Donji kraji Bosne_ or _Donji kraji Bosanski_.
The territory of Donji Kraji in the 13th century included the parishes: Uskoplje, Pliva, Luka, Vrbas, Zemljanik (Resnik), Vrbanja, Tribava (Trijebovo), Mel, Lušci and Banjica. During the reign of Hrvoje, Donji Kraji merged with Sana, Glaž, Vrbas (which has since been lost), and briefly Dubica.

## Sources

- Malcolm N. (1996): Bosnia: A Short History. New, Updating Edition, New York University Press, .
- Klaić N. (1994): Srednjevjekovna Bosna - Politički položaj bosanskih vladara do Tvrtkove krunidbe. Eminex, Zagreb, .
- Benac A., Ed. (1986): Bosna i Hercegovina / Bosnia and Herzegovia / Bosnien und Herzegowina. Svjetlost, Sarajevo.
- Enciklopedija Jugoslavije, Ed. (1983): Socijalistička Republika Bosna i Hercegovina – Separat iz II izdanja Enciklopedije Jugoslavije. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod, Zagreb.
Joseph G. Clemons

Colonel **Joseph Gordon Clemons, Jr.** (April 30, 1928 – May 15, 2018) was a decorated soldier in the United States Army in the Korean War and in the Vietnam War. His actions in the 1953 Battle of Pork Chop Hill were the subject of a 1959 movie, _Pork Chop Hill_. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Clemons died on May 15, 2018 in Hendersonville, North Carolina of complications from pneumonia at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- 2007 Distinguished Graduate Award , the Association of Graduates, West Point
- Photo gallery of Clemons , 2012 Hendersonville, NC
Doğan Babacan

**Doğan Babacan** (30 November 1929 – 18 May 2018) was a Turkish football referee. He was the first Turkish referee to supervise a match in FIFA World Cup history. He was born in Istanbul.

Later he was referee for the 1975 UEFA Super Cup final between FC Bayern Munich and FC Dynamo Kyiv. He retired from international refereeing in 1978.

He died on 18 May 2018, aged 88.
Rolf Sand

**Rolf Sand** (21 February 1920 – 20 May 2018) was a Norwegian actor. He was born in Oslo. He was known for his role in Holberg's comedy _Den pantsatte bondedreng_.

From 1952 to 1954 he was assigned at Trøndelag Teater, and then at Riksteatret from 1954 to 1958. He was appointed at Det Norske Teatret from 1962 until his retirement in 1987.

Sand died in Oslo on 20 May 2018 at the age of 98.
Luis Posada Carriles

**Luis Clemente Posada Carriles** (February 15, 1928 – May 23, 2018) was a Cuban exile militant and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agent. He was thought to be a terrorist by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Government of Cuba, among others.

He died on May 23, 2018 in Miami, Florida, aged 90 of throat cancer.

## Other websites

- Luis Posada Carriles photo and article archive by the Latin American Studies Organization
- A Bombers Tale: Key Cuba Foe Claims Exiles' Backing by Ann Louise Bardach, _The New York Times_, July 12, 1998
- Our Man's in Miami: Patriot or Terrorist? by Ann Louise Bardach, _The Washington Post_, April 17, 2005
- Cuban Exile Could Test U.S. Definition of Terrorist by Tim Weiner, _The New York Times_, May 9, 2005
- Why Luis Posada Carriles, an Admitted Cuban Exile Terrorist, Should Face Justice in Venezuela  by the _Council on Hemispheric Affairs_
- Why the U.S. Refuses to Prosecute Luis Posada Carriles for Cubana Airlines Flight 455 – video report by _Democracy Now!_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Luis Posada Carriles
- **image**: Image:Luis Posada Carriles - 1963.jpg
- **caption**: Luis Posada at Fort Benning, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S., 1962
- **birth place**: Cienfuegos, Cuba
- **death place**: Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **occupation**: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agent; convicted terrorist
- **known for**: US-backed anti-Cuban militancy
Kings XI Punjab in 2008

**Kings XI Punjab** is one of the cricket team of Indian Premier League. The home ground of this team is PCA Stadium of Mohali, Punjab. They were captained by Yuvraj Singh. Kings XI Punjab finished third in the IPL. Kings XI Punjab did not qualify for the Champions League T20 in this year.

### Season standings

Kings XI Punjab finished second in the league stage of IPL 2008.
|width="200"|Team|width="20"||width="20"||width="20"||width="20"||width="20"||width="50"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|**Rajasthan Royals**|14|11|3|0|**22**|+0.632|||||||
|align="left"|**Kings XI Punjab**|14|10|4|0|**20**|+0.509|||||||
|align="left"|**Chennai Super Kings**|14|8|6|0|**16**|−0.192|||||||
|align="left"|**Delhi Daredevils**|14|7|6|1|**15**|+0.342|||||||
|align="left"|**Mumbai Indians**|14|7|7|0|**14**|+0.570|||||||
|align="left"|**Kolkata Knight Riders**|14|6|7|1|**13**|−0.147|||||||
|align="left"|**Royal Challengers Bangalore**|14|4|10|0|**8**|−1.161|||||||
|align="left"|**Deccan Chargers**|14|2|12|0|**4**|−0.467|||||||
- <div style="font-size:75%">Full table on cricinfo</div>
- <div style="font-size:95%">**(C)** = Eventual champion; **(R)** = Runner-up.</div>

### Matches in 2008

|style="width:5%;"|No.|style="width:10%;"|Date|style="width:20%;"|Opponent|style="width:10%;"|Venue|style="width:40%;"|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|19 April|Chennai Super Kings|Mohali|Lost by 33 runs||||||
|2|21 April|Rajasthan Royals|Jaipur|Lost by 6 wickets||||||
|3|25 April|Mumbai Indians|Mohali|Won by 66 runs, MoM –  Kumar Sangakkara – 94 (56)||||||
|4|27 April|Delhi Daredevils|Mohali|Won by 4 wickets, MoM –  Simon Katich – 75 (52)||||||
|5|1 May|Deccan Chargers|Hyderabad|Won by 7 wickets, MoM –  Shaun Marsh – 84* (62)||||||
|6|3 May|Kolkata Knight Riders|Mohali|Won by 9 runs, MoM –  Irfan Pathan – 24* (26) and 2/18 (4 overs)||||||
|7|5 May|Royal Challengers Bangalore|Bangalore|Won by 6 wickets, MoM –  S. Sreesanth – 2/16 (4 overs)||||||
|8|10 May|Chennai Super Kings|Chennai|Lost by 18 runs||||||
|9|12 May|Royal Challengers Bangalore|Mohali|Won by 9 wickets, MoM –  Shaun Marsh – 74* (51)||||||
|10|17 May|Delhi Daredevils|Delhi|Won by 6 runs (decided by D/L method), MoM –  Mahela Jayawardene – 36* (17)||||||
|11|21 May|Mumbai Indians|Mumbai|Won by 1 run, MoM –  Shaun Marsh – 81 (56)||||||
|12|23 May|Deccan Chargers|Mohali|Won by 6 wickets, MoM –  Shaun Marsh – 60 (46)||||||
|13|25 May|Kolkata Knight Riders|Kolkata|Lost by 3 wickets||||||
|14|28 May|Rajasthan Royals|Mohali|Won by 41 runs, MoM –  Shaun Marsh – 115 (69)||||||
|15|31 May|Chennai Super Kings (Semi Final #2)|Mumbai|Lost by 9 wickets||||||
|**Total**||||**Overall Record 10-5, King XI Punjab were the semi-finalists in the IPL edition 2008**||||||
Kings XI Punjab in 2014

The **Kings XI Punjab** (**KXIP**) is a cricket team in Mohali, Punjab. They were captained by George Bailey. Kings XI Punjab finished as runners-up in the IPL. They qualified for the Champions League T20 for the first time.

### Season standings

Kings XI Punjab finished first in the league stage of IPL 2014.

### Matches in 2014

|style="width:5%;"|No.|style="width:10%;"|Date|style="width:20%;"|Opponent|style="width:10%;"|Venue|style="width:40%;"|Result|class="unsortable" style="width:10%;"|Scorecard link|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||Chennai Super Kings|Abu Dhabi|Won by 6 Wickets MoM –  Glenn Maxwell 95 (43)|Score Board|||||||
|2||Rajasthan Royals|Sharjah|Won by 7 Wickets MoM –  Glenn Maxwell 89 (45)|Score Board|||||||
|3||Sunrisers Hyderabad|Sharjah|Won by 72 Runs MoM –  Glenn Maxwell 95 (43)|Score Board|||||||
|4||Kolkata Knight Riders|Abu Dhabi|Won by 23 Runs MoM –  Sandeep Sharma 3/21 (4 Overs)|Score Board|||||||
|5||Royal Challengers Bangalore|Dubai|Won by 5 Wickets MoM –  Sandeep Sharma 3/15 (3 Overs)|Score Board|||||||
|6||Mumbai Indians|Mumbai|Lost by 5 Wickets|Score Board|||||||
|7||Chennai Super Kings|Cuttack|Won by 44 Runs MoM –  Glenn Maxwell 90 (38) & 1/21 (2 Overs)|Score Board|||||||
|8||Royal Challengers Bangalore|Bengaluru|Won by 32 Runs MoM –  Sandeep Sharma 3/25 (4 Overs)|Score Board|||||||
|9||Kolkata Knight Riders|Cuttack|Lost by 9 Wickets|Score Board|||||||
|10||Sunrisers Hyderabad|Hyderabad|Won by 6 Wickets MoM –  Wriddhiman Saha 54(26)|Score Board|||||||
|11||Delhi Daredevils|Delhi|Won by 4 Wickets MoM –  Akshar Patel 42(35) & 1/18(4 Overs)|Score Board|||||||
|12||Mumbai Indians|Mohali|Lost by 7 Wickets|Score Board|||||||
|13||Rajasthan Royals|Mohali|Won by 16 Runs MoM –  Shaun Marsh 40(35)|Score Board|||||||
|14||Delhi Daredevils|Mohali|Won by 7 Wickets MoM –  Manan Vohra 47(38)|Score Board|||||||
|15||Kolkata Knight Riders (Qualifier 1)|Kolkata|Lost by 28 Runs|Score Board|||||||
|16||Chennai Super Kings (Qualifier 2)|Mumbai|Won by 24 Runs MoM –  Virender Sehwag 122(58)|Score Board|||||||
|17||Kolkata Knight Riders (Final)|Bengaluru|Lost by 3 Wickets|Score Board|||||||
|colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|**Overall Record 12-5** **Runners-up of Pepsi IPL 2014**|||||||||||

### Match log

|style="width:5%;"|No.|style="width:10%;"|Date|style="width:20%;"|Opponent|style="width:10%;"|Venue|style="width:40%;"|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|18 September|Hobart Hurricanes|Mohali|Won by 5 wickets, MOM -  Thisara Perera 2/17 (3 overs), 35* (20)||||||
|2|20 September|Barbados Tridents|Mohali|Won by 5 wickets, MOM -  David Miller 46* (34), 2 catches||||||
|3|26 September|Northern Knights|Mohali|Won by 120 runs, MOM -  Manan Vohra 65(32)||||||
|4|28 September|Cape Cobras|Mohali|Won by 7 wickets, MoM –   Akshar Patel 3/15 (4 overs)||||||
|5|2 October|Chennai Super Kings|Hyderabad|Lost by 65 runs||||||
|colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|**Overall Record 4-1 **Semi-Finalists of Champions League T20 2014|||||||||
Antipyretic

**Antipyretics** (, from the words _anti-_ meaning 'against' and __ meaning 'feverish') are substances that reduce fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to ignore increases in temperature caused by prostaglandin. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the United States are ibuprofen and aspirin. These are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used mainly as analgesics to relieve pain, but which also have antipyretic properties. Acetaminophen or (paracetamol), is an analgesic with weak anti-inflammatory properties.

There is some debate over using medication to control fever. Fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. A study by the Royal Society found controlling fever causes at least 1% more influenza cases of death in the United States, which results in at least 700 extra deaths per year.
Adamantisaurus

***Adamantisaurus*** ( ) is a poorly-known genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. It is only known from six tail vertebrae, but, as a sauropod, it can be assumed that this dinosaur was a very large animal with a long neck and tail.
Daniel Robin

**Daniel Robin** (31 May 1943 – 23 May 2018) was a French wrestler. He was born in Bron, Rhône. He was 1968 Olympic silver medalist in both Freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling, and competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal at the 1967 World Wrestling Championships.

Robin died on 23 May 2018 in Longueuil, Canada at the age of 74.
Feng Tianwei

**Feng Tianwei** (simplified Chinese: 风天威; traditional Chinese: 峰天王; Pinyin _Feńg Tianwēi_; born August 31, 1986 in Harbin) is a female Singaporean table tennis player who competed at the Olympic Games 2012 in London. She is a righhanded-player and uses the Shakehand-grip.

## Biography

To 2002 she played for China because she was born in Harbin, a city in China. In that year she became Chinese Youth-champion. Since 2008 she was nominated for all World Championships- in that year she reached bronze with the team. In 2010 the Singaporean team became champion. In the final se beat the two players Liu Shiwen and Ding Ning. At the Olympic Games 2008 she won silver with the team. 2012 she qualificated herself for the Olympics again, where Feng won bronze in the singles and in the team, too. At the ITTF Pro Tour Grand Finals she won gold. At the World Championships in the singles she doesn't won a medal, but reached the Quarterfinals 2013 and 2015. In 2016 she was disqualificated fro the Singaporean team, because she had to make place for younger players. But she played continue, at the World Championships 2017 she lost in the Quarterfinals against Miu Hirano and missed so th bronze-grand-slam, because she won two times bronze at the World Cup (2008, 2013), Olympic Games (2012) and not at the World Championships. 2018 she took part in the World Championships with the team, but lost in the Round of 16.

### World Cup

- 2008, 2013- 3rd place
- 2009, 2011, 2012- 4th place

### Olympic Games

- 2012- bronze
- 2012- team bronze
- 2008- team silver

### World Championships

- 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017- Quarterfinals
- 2010- team gold
- 2008- team silver
- 2016- team bronze

### Asian Championships

- 2009- doubles bronze
- 2009- team silver

## Infobox (sport)

- **name**: Feng Tianwei
- **type**: attacker
- **equipment**: Donic and Stiga
- **team**: Singapore (BTTC Jarmart)
- **imagesize**: Feng Tianwei (2013)
Kem Ley

**Kem Ley** (; 19 October 1970 – 10 July 2016) was a Cambodian activist, physician, and political commentator. He was known for his political commentary, including trenchant criticisms of the government led by Cambodian People's Party (CPP).

Ley was shot on the morning of 10 July 2016 in a café at a gas station in Phnom Penh.
Borut Pahor

**Borut Pahor** (; born 2 November 1963) is a Slovenian politician. He served as President of Slovenia from 2012 to 2022. He was Prime Minister from November 2008 to February 2012.

Pahor served several terms as a member of the National Assembly and was its chairman from 2000 to 2004. In 2004, Pahor was elected as member of the European Parliament.

## Other websites

- Borut Pahor, Official website
- Office of the Slovenian Prime Minister

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Borut Pahor
- **image**: Novinarska konferenca predsednika republike Boruta Pahorja.jpg
- **office**: 4th President of Slovenia
- **primeminister**: Janez Janša
Alenka Bratušek
Miro Cerar
Marjan Šarec
Janez Janša
Robert Golob
- **term start**: 22 December 2012
- **term end**: 23 December 2022
- **predecessor**: Danilo Türk
- **successor**: Nataša Pirc Musar
- **office1**: 7th Prime Minister of Slovenia
- **president1**: Danilo Türk
- **term start1**: 21 November 2008
- **term end1**: 10 February 2012
- **predecessor1**: Janez Janša
- **successor1**: Janez Janša
- **office2**: Speaker of the National Assembly (Slovenia), National Assembly
- **term start2**: 10 November 2000
- **term end2**: 12 July 2004
- **predecessor2**: Janez Podobnik
- **successor2**: Feri Horvat
- **birth place**: Postojna, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia

- **party**: League of Communists of Slovenia, League of Communists

- **partner**: Tanja Pečar
- **children**: Luka Pahor
- **alma mater**: University of Ljubljana
Bieber (disambiguation)

**Bieber** is the name of:

## Places

- A town in California: Bieber, California
- some towns in Germany:
    - Offenbach-Bieber (incorporated into Offenbach am Main)
    - Biebergemünd-Bieber
    - Biebertal-Bieber

## Surname

- Justin Bieber, musician
- David Bieber
JLO (disambiguation)

**J.Lo** is the most common nickname for Jennifer Lopez.

**J.Lo** may also refer to:

- _J.Lo_, the second studio album of Jennifer Lopez
- Jason Lo, singer whose nickname is _J Lo_
- Jamahl Lolesi, rugby player whose nickname is _J-Lo_
Helen Dixon

**Helen Dixon** is currently a Commissioner at the Irish Communications Regulator (Comreg) and was previously the Irish _Commissioner for data protection_.

Dixon was appointed as head of the Irish Data Protection Commission in September 2014. Before that, from November 2002 to 2014 she was _Registrar of Companies_ within the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Innovation, where she had been working since 2009.

Dixon has been educated at the University of Ulster (Applied languages: French and English), University College Dublin (master in European economics and public affairs), 'Law Society of Ireland', 'Griffith College Dublin' (postgraduate computer sciences) and Queen's University Belfast (master in government affairs and law). In 2014 she obtained the diploma 'official statistics' at the NUI.

Dixon has grown the workforce on the Irish Privacy Commission from 30 employees since the beginning of the 21st century to 200 employees by the end of 2018.

## Other websites

- LinkedIn
- Helen Dixon, dataprotection.ie
- GDPR Helen Dixon, New York Times
- De Morgen article
Toontown (disambiguation)

**Toontown** is a common name for a fictional human-like city or town where cartoon characters, known as Toons (toons), live.

**Toontown** can also mean:
- Toontown, a fictional city in the 1988 movie _Who Framed Roger Rabbit_
- Mickey's Toontown, a "themed land" at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland
- _Toontown Online_, a 2003 Disney online video game
- "Toontown", a nickname for Saskatoon, Canada
2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage

The **2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage** began on 20 September and ended on 13 December 2018. A total of 48 teams compete in the group stage to decide 24 of the 32 places in the knockout stage of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League.

## Format

In each group, teams play against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 32, and the third-placed teams enter the Europa League round of 32, where they are joined by the eight third-placed teams of the Champions League group stage.
Guy Verhofstadt

**Guy Verhofstadt** (born 11 April 1953) is a Belgian politician of the Open VLD. From 1999 to 2008, he was prime minister of Belgium. Since 2009, he has been an MEP for the ALDE fraction in the European Parliament. Verhofstadt is pro-European and aims for a more integrated, federal Europe.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Guy Verhofstadt
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of the European Parliament, MEP
- **image**: Guy Verhofstadt EP press conference 3.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **alt**: It look like Ed Caluag.
- **office**: European Parliament Brexit negotiations, Brexit Coordinator
Chair of the Brexit, Brexit Steering Group
- **president**: Antonio Tajani
David Sassoli
- **term start**: 8 September 2016
- **term end**: 31 January 2020
- **predecessor**: _Position established_
- **office1**: 47th Prime Minister of Belgium
- **monarch1**: Albert II of Belgium, Albert II
- **deputy1**: Laurette Onkelinx
Didier Reynders
- **term start1**: 12 July 1999
- **term end1**: 20 March 2008
- **predecessor1**: Jean-Luc Dehaene
- **successor1**: Yves Leterme
- **office2**: Leader of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group
- **president2**: Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck
Graham Watson, Sir Graham Watson
Hans van Baalen
- **term start2**: 1 July 2009
- **term end2**: 1 July 2019
- **predecessor2**: Graham Watson, Sir Graham Watson
- **successor2**: Dacian Cioloș
- **office3**: Member of the European Parliament
for Dutch-speaking electoral college, Belgium
- **term start3**: 14 July 2009
- **office4**: Deputy Prime Minister of Belgium
- **primeminister4**: Wilfried Martens
- **term start4**: 14 May 1985
- **term end4**: 7 March 1992
- **predecessor4**: Alan Vanackere
- **successor4**: Pedro Manns
- **office5**: Minister of Budget (Belgium), Minister of Budget
- **primeminister5**: Wilfried Martens
- **term start5**: 14 May 1985
- **term end5**: 7 March 1992
- **predecessor5**: Leo Uberman
- **successor5**: Pedro Manns
- **office6**: Member of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium), Chamber of Representatives
- **term start6**: 13 October 1985
- **term end6**: 14 June 2009
- **birth name**: Guy Maurice Marie Louise Verhofstadt
- **birth place**: Dendermonde, Belgium
- **party**: Party for Freedom and Progress
Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten, Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats
- **otherparty**: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Renew Europe
- **spouse**: Dominique Verkinderen

- **children**: 2
- **education**: Ghent University
- **signature**: Signature of Guy Verhofstadt.png
London Wall

The **London Wall** was the defensive wall built by the Romans around Londinium. Londinium was then, as now, the most important port town on the River Thames.

London Wall is now the name of a road in the City of London. It runs along part of the course of the old wall. Until the later Middle Ages, the wall defined the boundaries of the City of London.
Computer terminal

A **computer terminal** or **data terminal** is a device made up of a display unit and a keyboard. It is used to access a computer system in order to run programs and manage computer files. Terminals output only characters, not graphics.

They were developed from teletypewriters. At that time, computers were still very bulky and did _not_ yet have a computer monitor or keyboard on its own.

Some technical terms are:
- **terminal identity** = a unique code to provide identification and authorization of a user.
- **terminal interface** = a text-based user interface to access computers.
- **terminal emulator** = a software like PuTTY that emulates a physical terminal. They are still used today to access computers that do _not_ have a graphical user interface. Such as, for example, all supercomputers and most cloud computers.
- **terminal adapter** = a modem that connects a computer to a telephone line. They are not used anymore.
Saad Samir

**Saad El-Din Samir Saad Ali**, simply known as **Saad Samir**, (; born 1 April 1989) is an Egyptian footballer who plays as a defender for Ceramica Cleopatra. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Saad Samir
- **full name**: Saad Eldin Samir Saad Ali
- **birth place**: Benha, Qalyubia, Egypt
- **height**: 1.85 m
- **position**: Defender (association football)#Centre-back, Centre back
- **currentclub**: Ceramica Cleopatra FC, Ceramica Cleopatra
- **clubnumber**: 6
- **youthclubs1**: Al Ahly SC, Al Ahly
- **years1**: 2009–2023
- **clubs1**: Al Ahly SC, Al Ahly
- **caps1**: 134
- **goals1**: 13
- **years2**: 2010–2011
- **clubs2**: → El Mokawloon SC, El Mokawloon (loan)
- **caps2**: 14
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2011–2012
- **clubs3**: → Al-Masry SC, Al-Masry (loan)
- **caps3**: 12
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2021–2023
- **clubs4**: → Modern Sport FC (loan)
- **caps4**: 37
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 2023–
- **clubs5**: Ceramica Cleopatra FC
- **caps5**: 13
- **goals5**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 2009–2011
- **nationalteam1**: Egypt national under-20 football team, Egypt U-20
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2012
- **nationalteam2**: Egypt national under-23 football team, Egypt U23
- **nationalcaps2**: 20
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2014–2018
- **nationalteam3**: Egypt national football team, Egypt
- **nationalcaps3**: 13
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **club-update**: 18 ِAugust 2024
- **nationalteam-update**: 18 ِAugust 2024
Melila, India

**Melila** is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated along Vettikkavala - Elampal road. Melila temple is a well-known Hindu worship center in the region. Melila has dense rubber plantations around it. The nearest NH, National Highway 744 (India) is at Kunnicode. The nearest train station is Auvaneeswaram railway station.

Melila has been used as a location for a number of Malayalam movies, including Mutharamkunnu P.O. and Kottaram Veettile Apputtan.

## Demographics

India census, Melila had a population of 22,529 with 10,770 males and 11,759 females.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Melila
- **settlement type**: village
- **pushpin map**: India Kerala#India
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Kerala, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Kerala
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Kollam district, Kollam
- **government type**: Panchayati raj (India)
- **governing body**: Gram panchayat
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population total**: 22529
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Malayalam language, Malayalam, English language, English
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **registration plate**: List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala, KL-