juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust

The **Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust** is a land trust for a block of land in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It was created through the Katiti Land Claim in 1980. The trust's owners include Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people. The block of land is officially referred to as **Northern Territory Portion 1818**. It borders the larger Petermann Land Trust area and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park to the north and west, and two pastoral stations to the east and south: Curtin Springs and Mulga Park. The town of Yulara is excluded from the Land Trusts, and sits between the Katiti block and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park.

The trust is named after Katiti (), a natural spring located about  south of Lake Amadeus. This spring was first written about by Baldwin Spencer and Francis James Gillen. They visited it in 1894 on their way to Uluṟu, and recorded the name "Kurtitina" (more accurately, **'). The prospecting expedition led by Lawrence Wells visited the spring in 1903, and Herbert Basedow marked it on his maps as "Curtyteena".

## History

Before the 1970s, the area of land now held by the Katiti ALT was considered crown land by the government. The region to the southwest had been declared an Aboriginal reservation in 1920. An area of land around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa had been made into the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park in 1958. The Katiti block, however, was considered unused. In 1976, the Australian Federal Government passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. This law allowed Aboriginal communities to claim ownership of unused land, and to be granted freehold title to that land if they could show that they had a historical association with it. Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Land Trusts to look after the title.

The Katiti Land Claim was formally submitted in 1979. The claim was for a larger area than what is held by the Trust today, and included the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park. It was sumbitted by the Central Land Council on the behalf of several hundred people, most of whom lived at Muṯitjulu. The people were granted legal ownership to the block of land now held by the Katiti ALT on 30 September 1980. They were not granted the title to Ayers Rock–Mt Olga because it was already being used as a national park. They were, however, recognised as the park's traditional owners (**'). Also excluded from the property granted were a  area surrounding the resort town of Yulara, and a  area covering the Petermann Road, which provided tourist access to Uluṟu.

Petermann Road was later replaced by the Lasseter Highway, and the government transferred the title to the old road to the Katiti ALT on 23 February 1990. Legal ownership over the national park's land was eventually granted to its traditional owners in 1985, and the title to this area is held by the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust. Ownership of the Yulara area was the subject of a court case, which ended in 2006.
Palestinian political violence

**Palestinian political violence** refers to violence or terrorism for which some Palestinians were responsible with a view to achieving goals associated with the Israeli–Palestine conflict (1948 – ). The goals of Palestinian political violence include the disestablishment of the current State of Israel and the recognition of an all-Palestinian state.

## Overview

Palestinian groups engaging in political violence include but are not limited to the Hamas, PLO, PFLP and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, most of which are designated as terrorist groups by several governments, particularly that of the United States (US), Canada, the United Kingdom (UK), Japan, New Zealand and the European Union (EU).

## Targets

Targets of Palestinian political violence include but not limited to Jews, Lebanese, Egyptians, Jordanians and Americans.
Fred Durst

**William Frederick Durst** (born **Frederick Allen Mayne III**; August 20, 1970) is an American singer and movie director known for being the lead singer of the nu metal band, Limp Bizkit.

He is also known for his work in independent movies and made his directorial debut in with the 2007 movie _The Education of Charlie Banks_. The second movie he directed was the 2008 movie _The Longshots_. He was ranked at #71 in the _Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists_ by Hit Parader.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Fred Durst
- **img**: 13-06-09 RiP Limp Bizkit Fred Durst 1.JPG
- **img capt**: Durst in 2013
- **img size**: 230px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Frederick Allen Mayne III
- **birth place**: Jacksonville, Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States, USA
- **origin**: North Carolina
- **instrument**: Singer, Vocals, guitar
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, musician, movie director
- **genre**: Rap metal, nu metal, rapcore, rap rock, hip hop music, hip hop
- **years active**: 1994–2006; 2009–_present_
- **label**: Shrapnel Records, Shrapnel, Cash Money Records, Cash Money, Flip Records (1994), Flip, Interscope Records, Interscope, Geffen Records, Geffen, Mojo Records, Mojo
- **associated acts**: Limp Bizkit Westlife
Dave Lombardo

**David Lombardo** (born February 16, 1965 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American musician, best known as the co-founder and drummer of the American thrash metal band Slayer.

Lombardo has also been a part of his side project Grip Inc., Fantômas, Philm, and Testament. He was born in Havana and moved to South Gate, California with his family when he was two years old. He was given his first drum set at the age of ten. He was given the title "the godfather of double bass" from Drummer World. He is known as an inspiration to many modern metal drummers, mainly within both the thrash and death metal genres.

He left Slayer in 2013 and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. After he left Slayer, he decided to reform his side project Grip Inc.

Lombardo now plays for Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Cross, and The Misfits.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dave Lombardo
- **img**: Dave Lombardo 2009-06-23 8204.jpg
- **img capt**: Dave Lombardo of Slayer performing in 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: David Lombardo
- **birth place**: Havana, Cuba
- **origin**: South Gate, California, South Gate, California, United States, USA
- **instrument**: Drum kit, Drums
- **genre**: Thrash metal, speed metal, Heavy metal music, heavy metal, death metal, groove metal, avant-garde metal
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1979–_present_
- **label**: American Recordings, American
- **associated acts**: Slayer, Philm, Grip Inc., Fantômas (band), Fantômas, Testament (band), Testament, Apocalyptica, Voodoocult
Mount Currie

**Mount Currie** is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is part of the same line of conglomerate hills that includes Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa. These three formations have very similar compositions. The sheet of conglomerate that is shared by all three is called Mount Currie Conglomerate.

The peak was named Mount Currie by the explorer William H. Tietkens, who led an expedition through the area in 1889. He named the peak from a distance, and did not actually approach it. The first White explorers to reach Mount Currie were the Mackay Expedition in June 1926, which was led by Donald Mackay and Herbert Basedow.
Plastic Brit

"**Plastic Brit**" is a rude insult that is used towards sportspeople who were not born in the United Kingdom but were chosen to compete for Great Britain. It was mainly used by the Daily Mail in the build up to the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was argued against by some of the sportspeople who were called "Plastic Brits", including Yamilé Aldama who wrote a page against it in The Guardian.
Aurora (disambiguation)

An **aurora** is a natural light display usually seen near the Earth's poles.

**Aurora** might also mean:

### Cities and towns in the United States

- Aurora, Colorado
- Aurora, Illinois
- Aurora, Indiana
- Aurora, Iowa
- Aurora, Kansas
- Aurora, Maine
- Aurora, Minnesota
- Aurora, Missouri
- Aurora, Nebraska
- Aurora, Ohio
- Aurora, Texas
- Aurora, Utah

### Other places

- Aurora (province), in the Philippines

## Other

- Aurora (aircraft), an alleged surveillance aircraft
- Aurora (mythology), Roman goddess of the dawn
- Aurora Pro Patria 1919, an Italian football club
Semitic

**Semitic** might mean:

- Semitic people
- Semitic languages
- Semitic studies
- Semitic Museum
Worm charming

**Worm charming**, **worm grunting**, and **worm fiddling** are methods of getting earthworms out from the ground. It is usually done to get bait for fishing, but it can also be a sport. Most worm charming methods involve vibrating the soil, which encourages the worms to the surface. One method involves twirling a steel pole in the ground, which moves the dirt, making the worms in the area go to the top of the ground.

A lot of worm grunting is done in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Every year on June 21, thousands of fishermen show up for the annual worm grunting festival.
The activity is usually performed to collect bait for fishing.
Slovak

**Slovak** might mean:

- Something related to the country Slovakia
- Slovaks, the people of Slovakia
- Slovak language, the language of Slovakia
Yoruba religion

**Yoruba religion** is a traditional West African religion, mainly from Nigeria. It is the religion of the Yoruba people. It has influenced some off-shoot religious groups. Today, it is a minority religion. A central idea behind the Yoruba religion is that natural objects, like trees, rivers, stones, and iron have a spiritual existence.

The Yoruba religion has had great influence among black people in Cuba, many of whom are Yoruba descendants. The religion is sometimes used in other Caribbean islands and in the United States.

In Cuba the religion is known locally as _regla d'ocha_ (meaning 'the way of the spirits'). _Santería_ is a slightly wider term referring to the merging ("syncretism") of African spirits and Catholic saints. Adherents in countries like Cuba may be received into the Catholic Church and initiated into the Yoruban religion, sometimes on successive days.
Uzbek

**Uzbek** might mean:

- Something related to Uzbekistan
- Uzbek language
Valencian

**Valencian** might mean:

- Something related to Valencia (autonomous community), part of Spain
- Something related to the city Valencia, which is in the autonomous community
- Valencian language

## Related pages

- Valencia (disambiguation)
Intracranial aneurysm

**Cerebral aneurysms**, also called **brain aneurysms**, are a cerebrovascular issue in which weakness in the walls of a cerebral artery causes localized dilation or ballooning in the blood vessel. Small, unchanging aneurysms may produce very few symptoms. However, before a larger aneurysm ruptures, individuals may experience sudden or severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and vision problems. The rupture may also directly cause serious damage directly to the brain, usually from the bleeding itself-this is a hemorrhagic stroke that can lead to and may cause arm or leg weakness or paralysis and speech troubles. Cerebral aneurysms may result due to congenital defect, high blood pressure or head trauma. Onsets are sometimes sudden and without warning, and such ruptures are extremely dangerous and usually result in bleeding into the brain itself, leading to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which then constitutes a stroke. This condition may lead to death or permanent disability for some individuals.
James Jesus Angleton

**James Jesus Angleton** (December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987) was chief of CIA counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975. His official title was Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence (ADDOCI). He started towards the end of World War II, and worked in Italy for the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) after the war. Returning to Washington DC, he became one of the founding members of the CIA in 1949.

The peak of his career was in detecting "moles", that is, foreign spies in American and western secret services. The 1970s Church Committee of the US Senate established that Angleton was in charge of the domestic spying activities of the CIA under 'Operation CHAOS'.

Eventually he was fired when he accused several western prime ministers of aiding the Soviet Union, and the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s as having foreign funding.

## References

- Engelberg, Stephen.  1987. James Angleton, Counterintelligence Figure, Dies. _The New York Times,_ May 12, Late City Final Edition, Section D, Page 31, Column 1.
- Hersh, Seymour. The Angleton Story". _The New York Times Magazine,_ June 25, 1978, p. SM4.
- Holzman, Michael. 2008. _James Jesus Angleton, the CIA and the Craft of Counterintelligence_, University of Massachusetts Press.

## Other websites

- _Frontline_—"The Spy Hunter" May 14, 1991  by Tom Mangold for the PBS program
Teresa Scanlan

**Teresa Michelle Scanlan** (born February 6, 1993) is a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss America 2011. Before that, she was Miss Nebraska 2010. She became the youngest Miss America since Bette Cooper in 1937. She advocates for eating conditions, including bulimia. She was originally from California, but is now from Nebraska.
Camden, New Jersey

**Camden** is a city in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Camden is directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia. The city of Camden was officially incorporated in 1828. Its population has gone up and down since the 1940s, and even more so since the 1950s.
Non-volatile random-access memory

**Non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM)** is a type of computer memory. It is permanent storage similar to a hard drive. The startup configuration is stored in NVRAM. The best known form of NVRAM today is the flash drive.
2013 FA Cup Final

The **2013 FA Cup Final** was the 132nd final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football cup competition. The final took place on the 11 May 2013 at Wembley Stadium. Premier League clubs Manchester City and Wigan Athletic took part in the 2013 final, with Wigan Athletic defeating Manchester City 1–0 after an injury time goal from Ben Watson.

## Infobox (football match)

- **title**: 2013 FA Cup Final
- **event**: 2012–13 FA Cup
- **team1**: Manchester City F.C., Manchester City
- **team1score**: 0
- **team2**: Wigan Athletic F.C., Wigan Athletic
- **team2score**: 1
- **date**: 11 May 2013
- **stadium**: Wembley Stadium
- **city**: London
- **man of the match1a**: Callum McManaman (Wigan Athletic)
- **attendance**: 86,254
- **previous**: 2012 FA Cup Final, 2012
- **next**: 2014 FA Cup Final, 2014
Museo Reina Sofía

**Museo Reina Sofía** is a museum in Madrid, Spain. Picasso's painting _Guernica_ is there.

The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS, also called the Museo Reina Sofía, Queen Sofia Museum, El Reina Sofia, or simply The Sofia) is Spain's national museum of 20th century art. The museum was officially inaugurated on September 10, 1992 and is named for Queen Sofia of Spain. It is located in Madrid, near the Atocha train and metro stations, at the southern end of the so-called Golden Triangle of Art (located along the Paseo del Prado and also comprising the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza).

The museum is mainly dedicated to Spanish art. Highlights of the museum include excellent collections of Spain's two greatest 20th century masters, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí.  The Reina Sofia Museum also hosts a free-access library specializing in art, with a collection of over 100,000 books, over 3,500 sound recordings and almost 1,000 videos.

The central building of the museum was once an 18th-century hospital. Extensive modern renovations and additions to the old building were made starting in 1980. In 1988, portions of the new museum were opened to the public, mostly in temporary configurations; that same year it was decreed by the Ministry of Culture as a national museum. Its architectural identity was radically changed in 1989 by Ian Ritchie (architect) with the addition of three glass circulation towers.  A €92 million designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened October 2005.

The building has been functioning as the Centro del Arte (Art Center) since 1986 but was established as the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in 1988. But analyzing the building's history up until these events, it appears that the building was subjected to being tested out as different representations of what it is today.
Gentleman (PSY song)

"**Gentleman**" () is a song by South Korean singer PSY. The first public performance of the song, with its associated dance, was unveiled at 6:30 p.m. on April 13 at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Seoul.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Gentleman
- **type**: single
- **artist**: PSY
- **recorded**: 2012–2013
- **producer**: Yoo Gun-hyung
- **prev title**: Gangnam Style
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: :en:Hangover (Psy song), Hangover
- **next year**: 2014
Ensemble Studios

**Ensemble Studios** was a video game developer. It was founded in 1995 at first as an independent company. It was founded by Tony Goodman, Rick Goodman and John Boog-Scott. It was acquired by Microsoft in 2001 and operated as an internal studio until 2009, when it was officially disbanded. Ensemble developed many real-time strategy games, including the _Age of Empires_ game series, _Age of Mythology_, and _Halo Wars_. In addition to game development, Ensemble Studios also made the Genie Game Engine used in _Age of Empires_, _Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings_, and _Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds_.

## Infobox (defunct company)

- **company name**: Ensemble Studios
- **company logo**: Ensemble Studios Logo.svg
- **company type**: Subsidiary of Microsoft Game Studios, Microsoft
- **fate**: Disbanded
- **successor**: Robot Entertainment
Bonfire Studios (now Zynga Dallas)
Windstorm Studios
Newtoy, Inc. (now Zynga With Friends)
- **foundation**: 1995
- **defunct**: 2009
- **location**: Dallas, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **industry**: Video game industry
- **products**: _Age of Empires_
_Age of Mythology_
_Halo Wars_
- **key people**: Tony Goodman
John Boog-Scott
Rick Goodman
Globe Theatre

The **Globe Theatre** was a theatre in London where Shakespeare's plays were held. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Over the years, several theatres have held this name, all in central London.

The Globe could seat 3000 people and 1000 standing in the yard. It was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.  A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614. It was closed in June 1642, with other theatres, by order of the Puritan Long Parliament.

## Drawings

There are drawings of the outside of the theatre, but historians do not really know what the inside of the Globe looked like. They have had to use written descriptions, details from the building contracts, drawings of other theatres, and clues in the plays written to be performed in the Globe. In 1989 an archaeological dig at the site showed that the building was in the shape of a polygon, with 20 sides. They also discovered the building was 100 feet (31.3 m) in diameter.

## Reconstruction

A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 about 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre. The rebuilding was a project started by an American actor, director and producer, Sam Wanamaker. He set up the Globe Theatre Trust, and spent years raising money and researching so that the theatre could be built. He died before the new Globe was finished.
Xbox Game Studios

**Xbox Game Studios** is the video game production wing for Microsoft, responsible for the development and publishing of games for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Games for Windows and Windows Phone platforms. They were established in 2002 as **Microsoft Game Studios** to coincide with the release of the Xbox, before being re-branded in 2011. Microsoft Studios develops and publishes games in conjunction with first and third party development studios under their publishing label.

## Other websites

- Microsoft's Official Xbox website

## Infobox (company)

- **logo**: Xbox Game Studios.svg
- **company name**: Xbox Game Studios
- **company type**: Division (business), Division
- **foundation**: 2002
- **location**: Redmond, Washington, U.S.
- **key people**: Don Mattrick

Phil Spencer

Phil Harrison

- **industry**: Interactive entertainment
Video game industry, Computer and video games
- **products**: Xbox
Xbox 360
Games for Windows
Windows Phone#Games, Games for Windows Phone
Xbox Live
Kinect
- **subsid**: 343 Industries
Black Tusk Studios
Lionhead Studios
Press Play (company), Press Play
Rare Ltd.
Turn 10 Studios
Mojang Studios
Twisted Pixel Games
BigPark
- **parent**: Microsoft Gaming
Blame It on the Rain

**"Blame It on the Rain"** is a song by Milli Vanilli. It was released in summer 1989. The song was their third and last _Billboard_ Hot 100 number one hit before their lip synching scandal. The club mix version of the song was on their album _All or Nothing_. It hit number one in November 1989 and stayed there for two weeks.
Altrincham

**Altrincham** is a town in the borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.

Altrincham has an ice-rink and a cinema.
Slot machine

A **slot machine** (American English), called also **fruit machine** (British English), **the slots** (Canadian English), **poker machine** or **"pokies" (slang)** (Australian English and New Zealand English) or simply **slot** (American English), is a casino gambling machine with set of numbers or pictures that after putting money in it and pressing button will randomly spin. The game is popular in casinos as it is easy and hassle free way to gamble money. The display of a slot machine have reels, which have symbols; a built-in number generator determines the different symbols. If same numbers or pictures line up the player will win their bet or multiplier of it.

Slot machines include a currency detector that detects if coins and notes are real ones and what values they have. The machine pays the winning or issue a coupon that will entitle to collecting reward in cash or prizes.
In some countries where money gambling in casinos is illegal the slot machines can issue free prizes, coupons or vouchers. Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and make up about 70 percent of the US casino's income.

## History

The first modern slot machine was invented by Charles Fey of San Francisco, California, in 1894. The following year Fey built the 4-11-44 in his basement. It became very successful at a local saloon, so he soon quit his job, and opened a factory to make more units. In 1898 Fey built the Card Bell, the first three-reel slot machine with automatic cash payouts. The Card Bell had a handle that set the reels in motion when it was pushed down and playing card suitmarks that lined up to form poker hands. His next slot machine, the Liberty Bell, was built in 1899 and used horseshoes and bells as well as playing card suitmarks on the reels. Three bells lined up in a row meant the top payout. Chiefly because of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, only 4 of more than 100 Liberty Bell machines built by Fey survive. The Liberty Bell proved immensely popular among saloon patrons in San Francisco and was quickly copied by Fey’s competitors, such as the Mills Novelty Company of Chicago.

## Variants

1. Progressive Jackpot Slots
1. Multiple Pay-Line
1. Multiplier Slots
1. Bonus Multiplier Slots
1. Megaways Slots
1. Classic Slots
1. 3D Slots
1. Video Slots
Freemium

**Freemium** is a business model, and a marketing term, used for digital products. It means that the base features of a product can be used without payment, but that more advanced features require payment.

This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.
Stamford

**Stamford** might mean:

## Places

|Name|
| --- |
|Stamford, Connecticut|
|Stamford, Lincolnshire|

## People

|Name|
| --- |
|Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore|

## Other disambiguation pages

- Stamford Bridge
- Stanford
Donald A. Glaser

**Donald Arthur Glaser** (September 21, 1926 – February 28, 2013) was an American physicist and neurobiologist of Jewish descent. He won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics.

Glaser was born on September 21, 1926 in Cleveland, Ohio. He studied at Case Western University and at the California Institute of Technology. Glaser was married to Ruth Bonnie Thompson from 1960 until they divorced in c. 1970. Then he was married to Lynn Bercovitz from 1975 until his death in 2013. Glaser died on February 28, 2013 in his home in Berkeley, California from natural causes, aged 86.

## Other websites

- Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
- Biography of Glaser, Donald A.
Otfried Preußler

**Otfried Preußler** or **Otfried Preussler** (October 20, 1923 – February 18, 2013) was  a German children's book author. He wrote over 100 books. Some of them are _The Robber Hotzenplotz_ and _The Satanic Mill_ (Krabat). His books sold 50 million copies. They have been translated into over 55 languages.

Preußler was born on October 20, 1923 in Liberec, Czechoslovakia to German parents. He was married to Annelies Kind from 1949 until his death in 2013. He won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1972 for Krabat. Preußler died on February 18, 2013 in Bavaria, Germany from natural causes, aged 89.

## Other websites

- Preußler's Official Website
- www.worldcat.org: List of Preußler's books that have been translated into English
The City of God

***The City of God*** is a work of Christian theology. It was written by Augustine of Hippo in Latin in the early 5th century.

The work's full title is **On the city of God against the pagans** (Latin: _Dē cīvitāte Deī contrā pāgānōs_). It is made up of 22 books. Augustine began to write it in 412 or 413. He finished it sometime between 422 and 429.

## Other websites

- Latin text
- English translation by Marcus Dods
- SparkNotes: The City of God
Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble

***Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble*** is an action puzzle video game for the Game Boy Color game console. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on August 23, 2000, and in North America on April 11, 2001. It is a spin-off game in the _Kirby_ series of video games.

The player controls Kirby by moving the game console. The game comes with a built-in accelerometer to allow the player to do so. The object of the game is to guide Kirby to a level's goal within the time limit. To do so, the player tilts the console in the direction they wish to move Kirby.

Kirby can jump if the player moves the console vertically in a jerking motion (moving the console forward quickly). The game involves the collection of stars that are in the level. Levels also have one secret star. The player has to collect all of the secret stars to fully complete the game.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble
- **developer**: HAL Laboratory
Nintendo Research & Development 2, Nintendo R&D2
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Toshiaki Suzuki
- **producer**: Masayuki Uemura
Kazuhiko Taniguchi
- **composer**: Takuya Maekawa
Yuichi Ozaki
Masami Yone
- **series**: _Kirby (series), Kirby_
- **genre**: Action game, Action, Puzzle game, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Game Boy Color
Ureter

The **ureter** is the tube in the human body that takes urine from the kidney to the bladder.

The ureter are the tube that convey urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder  they are about 25 to 30 centimetre long  with the diameter of about 3 mm  the numerator is continuous with  the funnel shaped renal pelvis  it passes downward through the abdominal cavity
Credit history

**Credit history** or   **credit report** is, in many countries, an information about  past borrowing and repaying, including information about late payments and bankruptcy. The term "**credit reputation**" can be also used to describe _credit history_ or _credit score_.

In many countries, when a customer apply for credit from a bank, store or credit card company, their information is checked with credit monitoring organization. Such an organization will check if potential lender have history of some unpaid loans or other problems.
Rachel Robinson

**Rachel Robinson** (born **Rachel Annetta Isum** July 19, 1922) is a former nurse, educator, activist, and the widow of baseball player Jackie Robinson.

Robinson was born in Los Angeles, California on July 19, 1922. Robinson was played by Nicole Beharie in the movie _42_.

## Personal life

She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. While she was at the University, she met Jackie in 1941. They married in 1946. Their son, Jackie Robinson, Jr., was born in November 1946. They later had a daughter, Sharon, and another son, David. Jackie Robinson died in 1972.

She currently resides on a  farm in Salem, Connecticut.

## Other websites

- Jackie Robinson Foundation Website
- Timeline in the Life of Jackie and Rachel Robinson
- USA Today Q&A
- Rachel Robinson's oral history video excerpts at the National Visionary Leadership Project

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rachel Robinson
- **image**: Rachel Robinson.jpg
- **caption**: Rachel Robinson (third from left) on March 2, 2005, accepting the Congressional Gold Medal for her husband from President George W. Bush
- **birth name**: Rachel Annetta Isum
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California,
United States
- **spouse**: Jackie Robinson (m.1946-1972; his death)
- **children**: Jackie Robinson Jr.,
Sharon Robinson,
David Robinson
Gauge

A **gauge** is a display of some kind that shows a measurement.  Common types of gauges are dials and scales.

Examples are rain gauges, speedometers and pressure gauges.
Fundamental

**Fundamental** may refer to:
- Fundamental frequency, as in music or phonetics
- Fundamentalism, the belief in the basic ideas based on the faith of a system of thought
- Any of a number of fundamental theorems in mathematics, such as:
    - The fundamental theorem of algebra
    - The fundamental theorem of arithmetic
Speedometer

A **speedometer** is a type of gauge that shows the speed a vehicle is moving. It usually shows the speed in miles per hour (mph) for countries that use the statute mile for distances or kilometres per hour (km/h) for countries that use the metric system. Originally, a speedometer was an option that car owners could buy to put on their car. Beginning about 1910 it was built into all cars.

## History

The electric speedometer was invented by the Croatian Josip Belušić in 1888, and was originally called a velocimeter. Charles Babbage is credited with creating an early type of a speedometer. These were usually fitted to locomotives.

A speedometer was patented by a German, Otto Schulze on October 7, 1902, it uses a rotating flexible cable usually driven by gearing linked to the output of the vehicle's transmission. The early Volkswagen Beetle and many motorcycles, however, use a cable driven from a front wheel.

## Speedometer accuracy

Most speedometers have tolerances of some ±10%, mainly due to variations in tire diameter. Sources of error due to tire diameter variations are wear, temperature, pressure, vehicle load, and nominal tire size. Vehicle manufacturers usually calibrate speedometers to show the vehicle is going faster.

### Underinflation

When a tire has less air pressure than it should, it is underinflated. Underinflation causes excessive heat and reduces the diameter of the tires. This causes it to rotate faster than the speedometer shows it is. Tires underinflated by only 10 psi can mean a car or truck reading 70 mph on the speedometer is actually traveling at 72 mph.
AFL–NFL merger

The **AFL–NFL merger** of 1970 was the merger of the two major professional American football leagues in the United States at the time: the _National Football League_ (NFL) and the _American Football League_ (AFL). The merger combined the two leagues and retained the "National Football League" name and logo, to become one of the most popular sports leagues in the United States.
Major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada

The **major professional sports leagues**, or simply **major leagues**, in  Canada and United States are the highest professional competitions of team sports in the two countries. Although individual sports such as golf, tennis,  auto racing, and gymnastics are also very popular, the term is usually limited to team sports.

The term "major league" was first used in 1921 in reference to Major League Baseball (MLB), the top level of professional American baseball. Today, the major northern North America professional team sports leagues are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). Other notable leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS), the Canadian Football League (CFL),  the Arena Football League, Major League Lacrosse, the National Lacrosse League, Professional Lacrosse League and the Women's National Basketball Association.
All Through the Night

"**All Through the Night**" is a song by American singer Cyndi Lauper. It is off her first album, _She's So Unusual_.  It is a synthpop song written by Jules Shear and produced by Rick Chertoff. This was the only single by Lauper released worldwide which did not have a music video. It peaked at #5 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. It became her fourth top-five song in the United States.

The song received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was released in September 1984 in the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **type**: single
- **released**: September 1984
- **b-side**: "Witness"
- **artist**: Cyndi Lauper
- **album**: She's So Unusual
- **genre**: Synthpop
- **length**: 4:29
- **writer**: Jules Shear
- **producer**: Rick Chertoff
- **prev title**: She-Bop
- **prev year**: 1984
- **year**: 1984
- **next title**: The Goonies 'R' Good Enough
- **next year**: 1985
Jon Santacana Maiztegui

**Jon Santacana Maiztegui** (born 1 November 1980) is a Spanish skier who has problems seeing. He skis with help from Miguel Galindo Garces who helps him with directions. Santacana has played in the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships, in the European Cup and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, and Spanish national competitions. He represented Spain at the 2002 Winter Paralympics, 2006 Winter Paralympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics, making, getting a gold and a two silvers at the 2010 Paralympics.

He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the second skier to finish in the visually impaired men's downhill race. He was the first skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super-G race. He was the first skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race and in the Giant Slalom race. He was the second skier to finish in the slalom race. Because he cannot see, Miguel Galindo Garces was his guide and told him where to when going down the mountain.
Diving bell

A **diving bell** was an early system for underwater diving.  The basic idea of a bell is that a hollow object, even with an open bottom, will hold air when put under water (this can be seen with a glass in a sink).  If the bell is heavy enough it will sink below the water. A swimmer can be inside the bell and breathe, or hold his breath and swim outside the bell for a short time, and come back to the bell to breath again.  The idea had been around for a long time, but became useful in the 1600s. Scuba diving has mostly replaced diving bells although they are still used sometimes.
Anne T. Hill

**Anne T. Hill** (November 24, 1916 – March 8, 1999) was an American fashion designer and yoga teacher.

Hill was born on November 24, 1916 in Atlanta, Georgia. She studied at Commercial High School and at the University of Georgia. Hill was married to Harry Leher. Then she was married to Roy W. Hill from 1971 until his death in 1986. Then she was married to Edgar L. McCoubrey from 1990 until her death in 1999. Hill died on March 8, 1999 in her home in Rancho Mirage, California from heart failure, aged 82.
Spanish Paralympic Committee

**Spanish Paralympic Committee** (, CPE) is a Spanish non-profit sport organisation started in 1995. It oversees disability sport organisations in Spain. The organisation has a Secretary General and a President. Since 2005, they have been supported by Plan ADO. In 2000, the CPE had a scandal.
Parks Australia

**Parks Australia** is an agency that manages national parks and conservation areas in Australia. The parks are governed by the Director of National Parks, which is a division of the federal government's Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and Communities. Parks Australia looks after parks in the federal territories; those in the six states are managed by their own state-government agencies. Parks Australia provides some support to each state in managing their parklands. It also supports indigenous landholders to establish Indigenous Protected Areas.

Parks Australia manages six national parks and two botanical gardens:
- Booderee National Park and Botanic Gardens, Jervis Bay Territory
- Christmas Island National Park, Christmas Island
- Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory
- Norfolk Island National Park, Norfolk Island
- Pulu Keeling National Park, Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, Northern Territory
Booderee, Kakadu and Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa are managed jointly with their traditional owners.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official blog
- National Parks Australia Council
José Abal

**José Manuel Abal Lores** (born 15 July 1961) is a disability sport athlete from Spain. He is a T53/F53 type track and field athlete.  He ran in the pentathlon events and he ran the marathon.  He was at the 1992 Summer Paralympics and 1996 Summer Paralympics. He won a silver medal in 1992 in the pentathlon. He lost to Vojtech Vasicek from Czechoslovakia. He did not win any other medals in 1992 or 1996.
Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust

**Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust** is the land trust that holds the freehold title to the land of Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park (referred to as **Northern Territory Portion 1728**). The trust is the legal landowner and holds the title on behalf of the people who are recognised as the land's traditional owners. It was created on 26 October 1985.

The land was originally claimed as part of the Katiti Land Claim in 1979. It was sumbitted by the Central Land Council on the behalf of several hundred people, most of whom lived at Muṯitjulu. The claim was judged in 1980, and Commissioner Justice John Toohey formally recognised 104 traditional owners for Uluṟu and 57 for Kata Tjuṯa. He granted them freehold title to the land now held by the Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust. They were not granted the title to Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa because it was already being used as a national park.

There was then a long legal case over the freehold title (actual ownership) of the park lands. The case continued until November 1983, when Prime Minister Bob Hawke acknowledged that the traditional owners had the rights to Uluṟu. In 1985, the Territory passed two amendments: one for the Aboriginal Land Rights Act and one for the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act. The freehold title to the land in the park was passed to the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust on 26 October 1985. As part of the agreement, the land was immediately leased back to the Director of National Parks for a period of 99 years. The title is inalienable, which means that it can not be sold, traded or given away; it is inherited continuously by the community's descendants.

## Other websites

- Uluru - Kata Tjuta Aboriginal Land Trust  at the _Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Project_, University of Melbourne
Palisades Sill

The **Palisades Sill** is a Triassic intrusion, formed 200 million years ago. It runs through parts of New York and New Jersey. It is noteworthy for **The Palisades**, cliffs which rise steeply above the western bank of the Hudson River. The visibility of the sill,and its unique features, have got much attention from nature enthusiasts, rock climbers, and geologists.

## Location

The outcrop of the Palisades Sill is quite recognizable for its prominent cliffs above the Hudson River; it is easily seen from the western portions of Manhattan. The exposure is approximately  long, most of it following the Hudson River. It first emerges in Staten Island in New York City. The sill then crosses the state line into New Jersey, where Hoboken, Jersey City, Union City, Fort Lee, and Englewood Cliffs all lie on it.

## Geology

The end of the Triassic saw large-scale rifting during the break-up of Pangaea. What is now eastern North America began to separate from what is now north-western Africa, creating the young Atlantic Ocean. Magma came from decompression melting, and some was pushed into the pre-existing sandstones and arkoses. The magma solidified and, after millions of years, the overlying rocks got uplifted and eroded, exposing the Palisades Sill as we see it.

There is an average stratigraphic thickness of 300 meters (~1000 feet), with the famous cliffs rising 100 meters (300 ft) on average above sea level. The intrusion dips between 10 and 15 degrees westward for most of its length. The sill was intruded at a depth of about 3-5 kilometers. These studies also concluded that the sill was in a position nearly identical to its current one (10-to-15-degree dip); this is further confirmed by the still-vertical orientation of the columnar jointing.

The Watchung basalt flows of the Watchung Mountains are eruptions onto the surface of the same magma that created the Palisades Sill.
Moccasin

A **moccasin** is a shoe made of deerskin or any other soft leather. It has a sole and sides made out of a single piece of leather. It is stitched together toward the top, sometimes with vamps (which are additional panels of leather). The soles are usually soft and flexible. Moccasins are usually worn outside. The shoes protect the foot while allowing whomever wears them to feel the ground.
Mannanana Range

The **Mannanana Range** () is a mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is a section of the Petermann Ranges. It roughly consists of a single ridge about  long. It extends northwest towards Kaltukatjara from Tjunti, where it is split from the Curdie Range by the Hull River. The Hull winds around the range from the south and then runs along its northeastern side.

The name "Mannanana" was first recorded on maps by Herbert Basedow. It comes from __, which is actually the Pitjantjatjara name for the range immediately to the west. This western range takes its name from  (meaning "woman's buttocks"), which is a formation overlooking Kaltukatjara and the Docker River on the range's western end. The name for the Mannanana Range in Pitjantjatjara is , after the Tjunti soakage at its eastern end.

## Other websites

- Mannanana Range  at Geoscience Australia
Court shoe

**Court shoes**, also called **pumps**, are shoes with a low cut front and usually without a fastening. They can be made under any material, although patent leather is the most popular. The shoes are often worn with formal and informal dresses.
Scalar boson

**Scalar** is a concept meaning relating to a directionless magnitude (such as mass or speed) that is completely specified by its magnitude. Bosons which are quantums of any scalar unit are scalar bosons.
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 13

**America's Next Top Model, Cycle 13** is the thirteenth cycle of ANTM. The season included originally 15 contestants. The winner was 18-year old Nicole Fox.

## Prizes

- A modeling contract with Wilhelmina Models
- A spread in _Seventeen_ Magazines
- A $100,000 contract with _CoverGirl_

## Contestants

- Jennifer An (3rd/4th)
- Lulu Braithwaite (11th)
- Courtney Davies (12th)
- Amber DePace (15th) (Disqualified)
- Rachel Echelberger (13th)
- Nicole Fox (**Winner**)
- Ashley Howard (9th)
- Laura Kirkpatrick (Runner-up)
- Sundai Love (5th)
- Brittany Markert (6th)
- Lisa Ramos (14th)
- Bianca Richardson (10th)
- Kara Vincent (8th)
- Erin Wagner (3rd/4th)
- Ashley "Rae" Weisz (7th)

## Episodes

1.
_casting episode_

2.
- Disqualified: Amber DePace
- Added: Lisa Ramos
- Best: Rae Weisz
- Worst: Bianca Richardson & Lisa Ramos
- Eliminated: Lisa Ramos
3.
- Eliminated Outside Of Judging Panel: Rachel Echelberger
- Best: Erin Wagner
- Worst: Bianca Richardson & Courtney Davies
- Eliminated: Courtney Davies
4.
- Best: Kara Vincent
- Worst: Lulu Braithwaite & Brittany Markert
- Eliminated: Lulu Braithwaite
5.
- Best/Immune: Brittany Markert
- Worst: Ashley Howard & Bianca Richardson
- Eliminated: Bianca Richardson
6.
- Best: Brittany Markert, Jennifer An & Rae Weisz
- Worst: Ashley Howard & Kara Vincent
- Eliminated: Ashley Howard
7.
- Best: Nicole Fox
- Worst: Sundai Love & Kara Vincent
- Eliminated: Kara Vincent
8.
- Best: Jennifer An
- Worst: Erin Wagner & Rae Weisz
- Eliminated: Rae Weisz
9.
- Best: Nicole Fox
- Worst: Erin Wagner & Brittany Markert
- Eliminated: Brittany Markert
10.
- Best: Jennifer An
- Worst: Erin Wagner & Sundai Love
- Eliminated: Sundai Love
11.
- Best: Nicole Fox
- Worst: Erin Wagner, Jennifer An & Laura Kirkpatrick
- Eliminated: Erin Wagner & Jennifer An
12.
- Final Two: Nicole Fox & Laura Kirkpatrick
- America's Next Top Model: Nicole Fox
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 12

**America's Next Top Model, Cycle 12** is the twelfth cycle of America's Next Top Model. 13 girls participated. The winner was 20-year old Teyona Anderson.

## Prizes

- A modeling contract with Elite Model Management
- A spread in _Seventeen_ Magazine
- A $100,000 contract with CoverGirl

## Contestants

- Celia Ammerman (4th)
- Teyona Anderson (**Winner**)
- Aminat Ayinde (3rd)
- Tahlia Brookins (8th)
- Kortnie Coles (10th)
- Kelly Marie "Isabella" Falk (13th)
- Nijah Harris (11th)
- Allison Harvard (Runner-up)
- Lauren "London" Levi-Nance (7th)
- Sandra Nyanchoka (9th)
- Natalie Pack (6th)
- Felicia "Fo" Porter (5th)
- Jessica Santiago (12th)

## Episodes

1.
_casting episode_

2.
- Best: Allison Harvard
- Worst: Isabella Falk & Sandra Nyanchoka
- Eliminated: Isabella Falk

3.
- Best: Teyona Anderson
- Worst: Fo Porter & Jessica Santiago
- Eliminated: Jessica Santiago

4.
- Best: Sandra Nyanchoka
- Worst: Allison Harvard & Nijah Harris
- Eliminated: Nijah Harris

5.
- Best: Tahlia Brookins
- Worst: Kortnie Coles & Sandra Nyanchoka
- Eliminated: Kortnie Coles

6.
- Best: Fo Porter
- Worst: Celia Ammerman & Sandra Nyanchoka
- Eliminated: Sandra Nyanchoka

7.
- Best: Celia Ammerman
- Worst: Tahlia Brookins & Allison Harvard
- Eliminated: Tahlia Brookins

8.
_recap episode_

9.
- Best: Teyona Anderson
- Worst: Aminat Ayinde & London Levi-Nance
- Eliminated: London Levi-Nance

10.
- Best: Allison Harvard
- Worst: Aminat Ayinde & Natalie Pack
- Eliminated: Natalie Pack

11.
- Best: Teyona Anderson
- Worst: Celia Ammerman & Fo Porter
- Eliminated: Fo Porter

12.
- Best: Allison Harvard
- Worst: Celia Ammerman & Aminat Ayinde
- Eliminated: Celia Ammerman

13.
- Best: Allison Harvard
- Worst: Teyona Anderson & Aminat Ayinde
- Eliminated: Aminat Ayinde
- Final Two: Allison Harvard & Teyona Anderson
- Winner: Teyona Anderson
Students for a Free Tibet

**Students For a Free Tibet** (SFT) is an American non-profit international group of students and activists working with the Tibetan people for human rights and freedom. It was started in 1994. The group educates people and uses non-violent methods of action for making Tibet independent. SFT tries to influence public policy decisions within government institutions. It recommends self-determination for Tibet because of Tibet's historical status. It opposes the Chinese government's violation of the Tibetan people's human rights, cultural heritage, environment, language and religion.

## Other websites

- Students for a Free Tibet homepage