Lists of rulers of Sudan

## List

(Dates in italics indicate _de facto_ continuation of office)
||Incumbent|width="60px"|Portrait|Tenure|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||colspan="2"|**Turco-Egyptian Sudan**||
||**Isma'il Kamil Pasha**, Commander||November 1820 to 1821|||
||**Muhammad Bey Defterdar**, Commander||April 1821 to September 1824|||
||**Osman Bey Jarkas**, Commander||September 1824 to May 1825|||
||**Mahu Bey Urfali**, Commander||May 1825 to March 1826|||
||**Ali Khurshid Agha**, Governor|rowspan="2"||March 1826 to _1835_||
||**Ali Khurshid Pasha**, Hakimdar|_1835_ to June 1838|Governor-General|||
||**Ahmad Pasha abu Widan**, Hakimdar||June 1838 to 6 October 1843|Governor-General||
||**Ahmad Pasha Manikli** (Manliki), Hakimdar||1843 to 1845|Governor-General||
||**Khalid Khusraw Pasha**, Hakimdar||1845 to 1850|Governor-General||
||**'Abd al-Latif Pasha**, Hakimdar||1850 to January 1851|Governor-General||
||**Rustum Pasha Jarkas**, Hakimdar||January 1851 to May 1852|Governor-General||
||**Isma'il Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal**, Hakimdar||May 1852 to 1853|Governor-General||
||**Salim Pasha Sa'ib al-Jaza'irli**, Hakimdar||1853 to 1854|Governor-General||
||**Ali Pasha Sirri al-Arna'ut**, Hakimdar||July 1854 to November 1854|Governor-General||
||**Ali Pasha Jarkas**, Governor||1854 to 1855|||
||**Arakil Bey al-Armani**, Governor||1856 to 1858|||
||**Hasan Bey Salama Jarkas**, Governor||1859 to 1861|||
||**Muhammad Rasikh Bey**, Governor||1861 to 1862|||
||**Mūsā Pasha Ḥamdī**, Hakimdar||1862 to 1865|Governor-General||
||**'Umar Bey Fakhri**, acting Hakimdar||1865 to November 1865|acting Governor-General||
||**Ja'afar Pasha Sadiq**, Hakimdar||November 1865 to 1866|Governor-General||
||**Ja'afar Pasha Mazhar**, Hakimdar||1866 to 5 February 1871|Governor-General||
||**Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha**, Hakimdar||5 February 1871 to October 1872|Governor-General||
||**Edhem Pasha al-Arifi at-Atqalawi**, acting Hakimdar||October 1872 to 1872|acting Governor-General||
||**Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur**, Hakimdar||1872 to 18 May 1877|Governor-General||
||**Charles George Gordon** ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar||May 1877 to December 1879|Governor-General, 1st time||
||**Muhammad Rauf Pasha**, Hakimdar||December 1879 to February 1882|Governor-General||
||**Carl Christian Giegler** ("Giegler Pasha"), acting Hakimdar||4 March 1882 to 11 May 1882|acting Governor-General||
||**'Abd al-Qadir Pasha Hilmi**, Hakimdar||May 1882 to March 1883|Governor-General||
||**'Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq**, Hakimdar||March 1883 to 5 November 1883|Governor-General||
||**Henry Watts Russell de Coetlogon**, acting Hakimdar||February 1884 to 18 February 1884|acting Governor-General||
||**Charles George Gordon** ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar||18 February 1884 to 26 January 1885|Governor-General, 2nd time; Killed at the end of the Siege of Khartoum||
||||26 January 1885 to 2 October 1898|_Territory of Turkish Sudan under complete control of **Mahdiyah** (Mahdist State)_||
||||colspan="2"|**Mahdist State**||
||**Muhammad Ahmad**, Mahdi||29 June 1881 to 22 June 1885|Self-proclaimed Mahdi, Islamic Messiah||
||**Abdallahi ibn Muhammad**, Khalifa||22 June 1885 to 2 September 1898|Self-proclaimed Caliph, successor to Muhammad Ahmad; Defeated in the Battle of Omdurman, and later killed in the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat||
||||colspan="2"|**British Military Administration**||
||**Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener**, Military Governor||2 September 1898 to _19 January 1899_|Simultaneously served as Sirdar||
||||colspan="2"|**Anglo-Egyptian Sudan** _(condominium)_||
||**Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener**, Governor-General||_19 January 1899_ to 22 December 1899|Simultaneously served as Sirdar||
||**Sir Francis Reginald Wingate**, Governor-General||22 December 1899 to 31 December 1916|Simultaneously served as Sirdar||
||**Sir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack**, Governor-General||1 January 1917 to 20 November 1924|Simultaneously served as Sirdar; assassinated in Cairo||
||****, acting Governor-General||21 November 1924 to 5 January 1925|||
||**Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer**, Governor-General||5 January 1925 to 6 July 1926|The first civilian Governor-General||
||**Sir John Loader Maffey**, Governor-General||31 October 1926 to 10 January 1934|||
||**Sir George Stewart Symes**, Governor-General||10 January 1934 to 19 October 1940|||
||**Sir Hubert Jervoise Huddleston**, Governor-General||19 October 1940 to 8 April 1947|||
||**Sir Robert George Howe**, Governor-General||8 April 1947 to 29 March 1954|||
||**Sir Alexander Knox Helm**, Governor-General||29 March 1954 to 12 December 1955|||
||**Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat**, acting Governor-General||12 December 1955 to 1 January 1956|Chief Justice of Sudan||
||||1 January 1956|_Independence as **Republic of the Sudan**_||