juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tryptophan

**Tryptophan** (**Trp** or **W**) is encoded by the codon **UGG**. It is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Tryptophan has an α-amino group (which is in the –NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> form under biological conditions), and an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO<sup>−</sup> form under biological conditions). It also has a side chain indole, which makes it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. Tryptophan is essential to humans: the body cannot synthesize it, so it must be obtained from the diet.

Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin.

People get tryptophan by eating protein-rich foods like meat, eggs, and dairy products.
Adam Ries

**Adam Ries** was a mathematician from Bad Staffelstein in Bavaria. Ries lived in the 16th century. He was born in 1492 or 1493, and died in 1559.

Ries became known for a work on how to calculate. His first work was about a "calculating board", which was widely used at the time. It worked rather like an abacus. Ries showed that Roman numerals were impractical for calculation.
Ries wrote in German, and not in Latin, as other mathematicians of his time.
Robot lawyer

A **robot lawyer** is an artificial intelligence (AI) computer program. It is designed to ask the same questions as a real lawyer about certain legal issues.

Robot lawyers are being used in many countries around the world including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Holland.
Cheryl

**Cheryl** [ sher-_uh_l ] is a female given name. It is very common in English-speaking countries. It is an English version of the French name Cherie. Cheryl is a moniker that has enjoyed widespread popularity for numerous decades. This name carries significant significance and history. Of French extraction, Cheryl signifies "beloved" or "darling." Although it has been bestowed upon both genders, it is more frequently bestowed upon female offspring.

The name appeared in the early 20th century. It was most popular during the Cold War period. In North America, it was popular between the 1940s and 1980s. In the United Kingdom, it was popular from the 1950s to 1990s. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

Famous people with the name _Cheryl_ include Cheryl Ladd and Cheryl Hines.

## People

- Cheryl Gillan,British politician
- Cheryl Ladd,American actress, singer, and author
- Cheryl Hines,American actress
- Cheryl Studer, American dramatic soprano

## Infobox (given name)

- **name**: Cheryl
- **gender**: Female
- **meaning**: Dear
Beloved
Friend and Love
- **region**: English-speaking world
- **origin**: English language, English via Welsh language, Welsh and French language, French
- **related names**: Sheryl (alternate spelling)
Cherie
Cara (given name), Cara
Karina (name), Karina
Carys
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal

**Al-Masih ad-Dajjal** ( __, "the false messiah", or "the deceiver") is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. He is to appear, pretending to be _al-Masih_ (i.e. the Messiah), before _Yawm al-Qiyamah_ (the Day of Resurrection). According to Islamic belief, at the end of days he will gather together everyone he has deceived into a great army. His army will then confront the Messiah and his army. The Dajjal is not mentioned directly in the Qur'an. This may be because he is only human and is mentioned in the future.
Australian impact structure

The **Australian impact structure** is also called the "massive Australian Precambrian/Cambrian impact structure" or **MAPCIS**.

It is thought to be the remains of a huge meteorite strike. Its centre is in the Northern Territory, about halfway between Uluru (Ayers Rock) and Mount Conner. The crater is about 600 km (370 mi) in diameter. There is a wider ring 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in diameter which may be related to the impact. If it is confirmed, MAPCIS would be the largest impact structure on Earth. It is not confirmed at present.

The age of this hypothetical impact is about 545 mya. This puts it just before the Cambrian period.
Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society

**Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society** () is a charitable organization in Azerbaijan. It is a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established on March 10, 1920. Its headquarters are in Baku. Their mission is "to serve vulnerable people by mobilizing the capacity of Azerbaijan Red Crescent and the power of humanity."

## Other websites

- Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society Official Website
- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Official Website

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society
Azərbaycan Qızıl Aypara Cəmiyyəti
- **image**: Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society logo.svg
- **size**: 160px
- **caption**: Logo of the Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society
- **formation**: March 10, 1920
- **type**: NGO
- **status**: Charitable organization
- **purpose**: Humanitarian
- **headquarters**: Baku
Shoemaker crater

The **Shoemaker crater** in Western Australia (formerly known as **Teague Ring**) is an obvious impact crater, the remains of an ancient meteorite strike. Later research gave clear evidence for this, including the presence  of shatter cones and shocked quartz.

It is in dry central Western Australia, about  north-northeast of Wiluna. It is named after planetary geologist Eugene Shoemaker.

It was dated to 1630 million years ago. More recent dating by K–Ar methods give ages as young as 568 ± 20 mya. This age could date the impact event or represent tectonic activity.
Capital asset pricing model

The **capital asset pricing model** (CAPM) is a tool for figuring out risk of stock profit or losses (called returns).

It makes an assumption, which is that investors care only about two things: the average returns of stocks over, for example, ten years, and the volatility of annual returns around that average during the same period.

The main result of the model is that the return of a stock can be broken down in the sum of two things: a risk-free rate and a risk premium. This risk premium can be seen as the product of two things: a measure of the risk of the stock (called the "beta") and the average reward for risk in the market (the "equity risk premium", which is the return of the market over and above the risk-free rate).
Wisconsin in the American Civil War

**Wisconsin in the American Civil War**, being a northern state, fought for the Union. When the Civil War started, Wisconsin raised 91,379 soldiers for the Union Army. They were organized into 53 infantry regiments, 4 cavalry regiments, a company of Berdan's sharpshooters, 13 light artillery batteries and 1 unit of heavy artillery. Most of the Wisconsin troops served in the Western Theater. However, several regiments served in Eastern armies, including three regiments within the famed Iron Brigade. A total of 3,794 were killed in action or mortally wounded. Another 8,022 died of disease. About 400 were killed in accidents. The total casualties were 12,216 men. This was about 13.4 percent of total Wisconsin enlistments.

## Soldiers

Approximately 1 in 9 residents (regardless of age, sex or qualification for service) served in the army. In turn, half the eligible voters served. Wisconsin was the only state to organize replacements for troops that had already been sent to war. This led northern generals to prefer having Wisconsin regiments in their command if possible.

A number of Wisconsin regiments were distinguished, including three that served in the celebrated "Iron Brigade"&mdash. These were the 2nd Wisconsin, 6th Wisconsin, and 7th Wisconsin. All were noted for their hard fighting and dashing appearance. They were among the only troops in the Army of the Potomac to wear Hardee hats and long frock coats. They suffered severely at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. The 8th Wisconsin, another hard-fighting regiment, was often accompanied into battle by its mascot, Old Abe, a bald eagle.

In a January 1863 letter to his sister, Union soldier Chauncey Herbert Cooke, a private from Company G of the 25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, gave his reasons for fighting for the Union in the war, stating that "I have no heart in this war if the slaves cannot go free."

## Women during the war

While men were fighting, many women needed to learn how to farm and do other manual labor. Besides having to tend to the home and children while the men were away at war, women also contributed supplies. Quilts and blankets were often given to soldiers. Other items women often sent included: shirts, sheets, pillows, pillowcases, coats, vests, trousers, towels, handkerchiefs, socks, bandages, canned fruits, dried fruits, butter, cheese, wine, eggs, pickles, books, and magazines. At one point, after the Battle of Resaca in Georgia, women sent every wounded man within a certain distance a fresh orange or lemon. These fruits were to quench the strong thirst that was known to accompany a wound.

## Related pages

- List of Wisconsin Civil War units

## Other websites

- Wisconsin in the Civil War
- Civil War changed Wisconsin
- The Civil War Home Front
John Howard Northrop

**John Howard Northrop** (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley.

Northrop was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949. He was employed by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City from 1916 until his retirement in 1961.  In 1949 he was appointed Professor of Bacteriology and later, Professor of Biophysics at the University of California, Berkeley.
Quassel

**Quassel IRC**, or **Quassel**, is an IRC client, introduced in 2008. It is released under the GNU General Public License for GNU and Unix-like operating systems, OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Since the release of Kubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) Quassel is Kubuntu's default IRC client. Quassel uses the Qt application framework.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Quassel IRC
- **logo**: QuasselIrc.svg
- **screenshot**: Quassel IRC 0.14.0 screenshot.png
- **caption**: Screenshot of Quassel IRC on Arch Linux
- **developer**: Quassel IRC Team
- **released**: 0.3.0
- **frequently updated**: yes
- **programming language**: C++
- **operating system**: OS X, Unix-like, Microsoft Windows, Windows
- **platform**: Cross-platform
- **status**: Active
- **genre**: IRC client
- **license**: GNU General Public License (version 2 or later)
Palisade cell

**Palisade cells** are special cells in the leaves of plants. They are the main place where photosynthesis takes place. They absorb light so photosynthesis can take place.

They have the largest number of chloroplasts per cell of any plant tissue. They convert the light to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The cells are just below the epidermis and cuticle.
GN-z11

**GN-z11** is a galaxy. It was the oldest known galaxy and farthest-known galaxy from Earth until 2022. It is located 32 billion light years (302.74 sextillion km) away from us.

## Related pages

- Nature timeline
Konversation

**Konversation** is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client. It is built on the KDE Platform. It is free software released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It is the default IRC client in many Linux distributions, such as openSUSE, the KDE spin of Fedora, and Kubuntu.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Konversation
- **logo**: Konversation Oxygen.svg
- **screenshot**: Konversation1.png
- **caption**: Konversation connected to freenode
- **developer**: The Konversation Team
- **status**: Active
- **programming language**: C++ (Qt (software), Qt)
- **platform**: Microsoft Windows, Linux
- **genre**: IRC client
- **license**: GNU GPL version 2
Guanacaste

**Guanacaste** (_Enterolobium cyclocarpum_) also known as **elephant-ear tree** or **devil's ear** is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is the national tree of Costa Rica.

Common names in some other languages are:
- , _árbol de las orejas_, _parota_
- , _oreille d'éléphant_

_Enterolobium cyclocarpum_, the scientific name of the guanacaste tree was given by August Grisebach to this plant in 1864.

## Synonyms

- _Albizia longipes_ Britton & Killip
- _Enterolobium cyclocarpa_ (Jacq.) Griseb.
- _Feuilleea cyclocarpa_ (Jacq.) Kuntze
- _Inga cyclocarpa' (Jacq.) Willd.
- _Mimosa cyclocarpa_ Jacq.
- _Mimosa parota_ Sesse & Moc.
- _Pithecellobium cyclocarpum_ (Jacq.) Mart.
- _Prosopis dubia_ Kunth
- _Prosopis dubia_ Guill. & Perr.

## Description

The guanacaste is a large tree, growing to  tall, with a trunk up to  in diameter. The bark is light gray. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and widely spreading. Leaves are  long, alternate and compound.

The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April.

Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees.

The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear.

### Where it grows

The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions.

It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to , usually along the coast and rivers.

## Uses

The wood is reddish-brown, lightweight and water-resistant; it is used to make objects like doors, windows, furniture, cabinets, and for shipbuilding. It is used also as firewood.

## Other websites

- _Enterolobium cyclocarpum'' in Encyclopedia of Life
Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra

The **Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra** (Azeri: _Hacıbəyov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Simfonik Orkestri_) was formed in 1920, at the request of composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov after whom it was later named. It was one of the first orchestras in the Soviet Union. It is part of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society.

Composers such as Rhené-Baton and Otto Klemperer were invited from abroad to help in establishing and training the orchestra. From 1938 to 1984, Hajibeyov's nephew Niyazi was conducting the orchestra. After his death, the conducting has been performed by "People's Artist" of Azerbaijan, Professor Rauf Abdullayev. The orchestra has toured a number of countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt.

## Main conductors

- Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1920–1938)
- Niyazi Hajibeyov (1938–1984)
- Rauf Abdullayev (1984– )

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra
- **image**: Mugam 018.jpg
- **caption**: Performing at the Mugham Festival, 2009
- **location**: Baku, Azerbaijan
- **formation**: 1920
Diana Lynn

**Diana Lynn**  (July 5, 1926 – December 18, 1971) was an American actress of the stage, cinema and television.

## Early years

Lynn was born **Dolores Marie Loehr** on July 5, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Louis Loehr, was an oil supply executive. Her mother, Martha Loehr, was a concert pianist. She was considered a child prodigy. She began taking piano lessons when she was 4 years old, and by the age of 12, she played with the _Los Angeles Junior Symphony Orchestra_.

## Career

In 1939, she made her movie debut playing the piano in _They Shall Have Music_. She played again, with Susanna Foster, in _There's Magic in Music_, when it was decided that she had more potential than she had been allowed to show. Later, Paramount Pictures changed her name to "Diana Lynn". They began casting her in movies that allowed her to show her personality and developed her skills as an actress.

As a solo pianist, she released at least one single on Capitol Records, accompanied by the Paul Weston orchestra.

In 1964, Lynn had a six-month stint on Broadway, replacing Barbara Bel Geddes in _Mary, Mary_. In the early 1950s, she starred with Maurice Evans in _The Wild Duck_ on Broadway.

## Death

Before filming started on _Play It as It Lays_, Lynn suffered a stroke and died on December 18, 1971. She was 45.

## Filmography

- _They Shall Have Music_ (1939)
- _The Hard-Boiled Canary_ (1941)
- _The Major and the Minor_ (1942)
- _Henry Aldrich Gets Glamour_ (1942)
- _Henry Aldrich Plays Cupid_ (1944)
- _The Miracle of Morgan's Creek_ (1944)
- _Our Hearts Were Young and Gay_ (1944)
- _And the Angels Sing_ (1944)
- _Out of This World_ (1945)
- _The Bride Wore Boots_ (1946)
- _Our Hearts Were Growing Up_ (1946)
- _Easy Come, Easy Go_ (1947)
- _Ruthless_ (1948)
- _Texas, Brooklyn and Heaven_ (1948)
- _Every Girl Should Be Married_ (1948)
- _My Friend Irma_ (1949)
- _Paid in Full_ (1950)
- _Peggy_ (1950)
- _My Friend Irma Goes West_ (1950)
- _Rogues of Sherwood Forest_ (1950)
- _The People Against O'Hara_ (1951)
- _Bedtime for Bonzo_ (1951)
- _Meet Me at the Fair_ (1952)
- _Plunder of the Sun_ (1953)
- _Track of the Cat_ (1954)
- _The Kentuckian_ (1955)
- _The Blue and Gold|An Annapolis Story_ (1955)
- _You're Never Too Young_ (1955)
- _Company of Killers_ (1970)

## Radio appearances

|Year|Program|Episode/source|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1952|_Theatre Guild on the Air_|"The Silver Whistle"|
|1953|_Theatre Guild on the Air_|_Quiet Wedding_|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Diana Lynn
- **image**: Diana Lynn 1952.JPG
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **birthname**: Dolores Marie Loehr
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: stroke
- **restingplace**: Church of Heavenly Rest, New York
- **yearsactive**: 1939-1970
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **spouse**: John C. Lindsey (1948–1953) (divorced)
Mortimer Hall (1956–1971) (her death) 4 children
- **children**: Matthew (b. 1958)
Dolly Hall (1960)
Mary (b. 1962)
Margaret (b. 1964)
Jason Kander

**Jason Kander** (born May 4, 1981) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician. He was elected Secretary of State of Missouri in 2012, serving from January 2013 through January 9, 2017. He served as a state representative before becoming secretary of state. He was an intelligence officer in the Army National Guard, achieving the rank of Captain.

## Career

He was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate, losing the 2016 Senate election to Republican incumbent Roy Blunt.

On June 25, 2018, Kander announced that he will run for mayor of Kansas City in 2019 to replace term-limited incumbent Sly James. He dropped out on October 2, 2018, after revealing that he suffered from PTSD and depression.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jason Kander
- **image**: Jason Kander (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 39th List of Missouri Secretaries of State, Secretary of State of Missouri
- **governor**: Jay Nixon
- **term start**: January 14, 2013
- **term end**: January 9, 2017
- **predecessor**: Robin Carnahan
- **successor**: Jay Ashcroft
- **state house1**: Missouri
- **district1**: 44th
- **term start1**: January 12, 2009
- **term end1**: January 14, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Jenee Lowe
- **successor1**: Caleb Rowden
- **birth place**: Overland Park, Kansas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Diana Kander
- **alma mater**: American University
Georgetown University
- **serviceyears**: 2003–2011
- **rank**:  Captain (United States O-3), Captain
- **battles**: War in Afghanistan (2001–2014), Afghanistan
John Neely Kennedy

**John Neely Kennedy** (born November 21, 1951) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Louisiana. Before becoming a senator, he was the State Treasurer of Louisiana. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He served five terms as Treasurer of Louisiana. He took office in the United States Senate on January 3, 2017, after defeating Democratic candidate Foster Campbell in the Senate election runoff by over 21 percentage points.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: John Neely Kennedy, official portrait, 115th Congress 2.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Louisiana
- **alongside**: Bill Cassidy
- **term start**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor**: David Vitter
- **office1**: Treasurer of Louisiana
- **governor1**: Murphy J. Foster, Jr., Mike Foster
Kathleen Blanco
Bobby Jindal
John Bel Edwards
- **term start1**: January 10, 2000
- **term end1**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Ken Duncan (Louisiana politician), Ken Duncan
- **successor1**: Ron Henson (acting)
- **birth place**: Centreville, Mississippi, Centreville, Mississippi, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Rebecca Stulb
- **children**: 1
- **alma mater**: Vanderbilt University
University of Virginia
Magdalen College, Oxford
Sun of May

The **Sun of May** (_el sol de mayo_) is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay. It is a reference to the May revolution in Argentina, which led to that country's later independence from Spanish rule. In Uruguay it also refers to the May revolution. On 25 May 1810, the sun came out in Buenos Aires during a public gathering. This was seen as a good omen for the future success of the independence struggle.
Peter van Straaten

**Peter van Straaten** (25 March 1935 – 8 December 2016) was a Dutch cartoonist and comics artist. He was best known for his political cartoons as well as his satirical observations of everyday people. He also had a newspaper comic strip _Vader & Zoon_, which ran in _Het Parool_ for almost two decades.

Van Straaten announced his retirement on 2 August 2016. He died four months later on 8 December in Amsterdam, at the age of 81.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peter van Straaten
- **image**: Peter van Straaten.jpg
- **birth place**: Arnhem, Netherlands
- **death place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **years active**: 1958–2016
- **known for**: _Vader & Zoon_
Alan Thicke

**Alan Willis Thicke** (born **Alan Willis Jeffery**; March 1, 1947 – December 13, 2016) was a Canadian actor, songwriter, and game and talk show host. He was known for his role as Jason Seaver, the father on the ABC television series _Growing Pains._

He was the father of singer Robin Thicke.

Thicke died at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California on December 13, 2016 from a sudden Aortic dissection, aged 69.

## Other websites

- Alan Thicke in NNDB
- Alan Thicke in biography.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alan Thicke
- **image**: Alan Thicke 2010.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Thicke at the "Night of 100 Stars" at the Beverly Hills Hotel in March 2010
- **birth name**: Alan Willis Jeffery
- **death place**: Burbank, California, Burbank, California, U.S.
- **birth place**: Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada
- **alma mater**: University of Western Ontario
- **occupation**: Actor, composer, television host
- **years active**: 1969–2016
- **death cause**: Aortic dissection
- **resting place**: Santa Barbara Cemetery, California, U.S.
- **children**: Brennan Thicke
Robin Thicke
Carter Thicke
- **relatives**: Todd Thicke (half brother)
Jewish diaspora

The **Jewish diaspora** () or **exile** ( ; Yiddish: ) was a time formally described as "the scattering of the Jews". A time after the Babylonian captivity when Jews settled in different places, eventually settling together.

Different groups of Jews had different names. These varied based on where they lived. For example:

- Ashkenazi Jews lived in central and eastern Europe
- Mizrahi Jews lived in the Middle East and north Africa
- Sephardi Jews lived in Spain and Portugal
Shirley Hazzard

**Shirley Hazzard** (30 January 1931 – 12 December 2016) was an Australian-born American author of fiction and non-fiction. She was born in Australia, but held citizenship of the United States. Her 1970 novel, _The Bay of Noon_, was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010
and her 2003 novel _The Great Fire_ won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.

Hazzard died in New York City on 12 December 2016 from complications of dementia, aged 85.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Shirley Hazzard
- **image**: Shirley hazzard australian writer mercantile library for fiction benefit awards dinner october 29 2007 photo by christopher peterson.jpg
- **caption**: Hazzard in 2007
- **birth place**: Sydney, Australia
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York, United States
- **nationality**: Australian
- **notableworks**: _The Great Fire (novel), The Great Fire_
_The Bay of Noon_
- **spouse**: Francis Steegmuller
- **awards**: O. Henry Award
National Book Award
Miles Franklin Award
William Dean Howells Medal
National Book Critics Circle Award
Frederick Wiseman

**Frederick Wiseman** (January 1, 1930 – February 16, 2026) was an American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director.

In 2016, he was a recipient of an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Wiseman died at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on February 16, 2026, at the age of 96.

## Other websites

- Frederick Wiseman Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
- Zipporah Films Official distributor of Wiseman's work
- Frederick Wiseman on Reality and film  – Statement at La clé des langues
- A Discussion with Frederick Wiseman and Robert Kramer – Documentary Box
- Interview with Frederick Wiseman for Slant Magazine by Budd Wilkins
- Interview with Wiseman at Not Coming to a Theater Near You
- Frederick Wiseman receives an Honorary Oscar Award at the 2016 Governors Awards

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frederick Wiseman
- **image**: Frederick Wiseman (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Wiseman in June 2005
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **years active**: 1963–2023
- **alma mater**: Williams College (B.A., 1951)
Yale Law School (LL.B., 1954)
- **children**: 2
Anne V. Coates

**Anne Voase Coates** (12 December 1925 – 8 May 2018) was a British movie editor with a more than 60-year-long career. She was best known as the editor of David Lean's epic movie _Lawrence of Arabia_ in 1962.

## Personal life

Coates was born in Surrey, England. She studied at Bartrum Gables College. Coates worked as a nurse in East Grinstead. She was married to Douglas Hickox until his death in 1988. Together, they had two sons and one daughter.

## Awards

Coates has been nominated five times for the Academy Award for Film Editing for the movies _Lawrence of Arabia_, _Becket_ (1963), _The Elephant Man_ (1980), _In the Line of Fire_ (1993), and _Out of Sight_ (1998). She was awarded BAFTA's highest honour, a BAFTA Fellowship, in February 2007 and was given an Academy Honorary Award, which are popularly known as a Lifetime Achievement Oscar, in November 2016 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

## Death

Coates died on 8 May 2018, at a retirement center in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites

- Anne V. Coates credits – AMCTV.com Biography

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anne V. Coates
- **birth name**: Anne Voase Coates
- **birth place**: Reigate, Surrey, England, UK
- **death place**: Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, US
- **occupation**: Movie editor
- **years active**: 1947 – 2018
- **alma mater**: Bartrum Gables College
- **spouse**: Douglas Hickox (? – 1988; his death)
David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort

**David Robert Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort** (23 February 1928 – 16 August 2017), known as **Mr David Somerset** until 1984, was a British peer. He served as a member of the House of Lords from 5 February 1984 to 11 November 1999. He was President of the British Horse Society between 1988 and 1990, and was chairman of Marlborough Fine Art.

Somerset died on 16 August 2017 at his home in Badminton, Gloucestershire, South West England at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort
- genealogics.org
Lester L. Wolff

**Lester Lionel Wolff** (January 4, 1919 – May 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He served as a representative from 1973 through 1981.

He was president of the International Trade and Development Agency. In 2014, Wolff received the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States.

Wolff was also the chair of the Touro College Pacific Community Institute, the author of numerous books on foreign policy, and the host of weekly PBS show _Ask Congress_.

Wolff died on May 11, 2021 at a hospital in Syosset, New York at the age of 102. He was the last living former U.S. representative born in the 1910s.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lester L. Wolff
- **image**: Lester L. Wolff.jpg
- **office**: Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
 from New York (state), New York
- **term start**: January 3, 1965
- **term end**: January 3, 1981
- **preceded**: Steven B. Derounian
- **succeeded**: John LeBoutillier
- **constituency**:

- **birth name**: Lester Lionel Wolff
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Syosset, New York, U.S.
- **children**: 2
- **profession**: Consultant
- **education**: New York University Stern School of Business
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **rank**:  Colonel (United States), Colonel
- **unit**: Civil Air Patrol
- **battles**: World War II
- **caption**: Wolff in 1975
- **alt**: Wolff in 1975
Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament

The men's field hockey tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 22nd edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 30 July. The medal finals were on 11 August. All games were played at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom.

Defending champions Germany won the gold medal for the fourth time. They defeated the Netherlands 2–1 in the final. Australia won the bronze medal by defeating Great Britain 3–1.

## Teams

- **(Host)**

### Pool A

|width=200|Team|width=20 abbr="Played"|Pld|width=20 abbr="Won"|W|width=20 abbr="Drawn"|D|width=20 abbr="Lost"|L|width=20 abbr="Goals for"|GF|width=20 abbr="Goals against"|GA|width=20 abbr="Goal difference"|GD|width=20 abbr="Points"|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left||5|3|2|0|23|5|+18|**11**|||||||||
|align=left||5|2|3|0|14|8|+6|**9**|||||||||
|align=left||5|2|2|1|8|10|-2|**8**|||||||||
|align=left||5|2|1|2|9|16|–7|**7**|||||||||
|align=left||5|1|1|3|3|10|–7|**4**|||||||||
|align=left||5|0|1|4|11|22|–11|**1**|||||||||

### Pool B

|width=200|Team|width=20 abbr="Played"|Pld|width=20 abbr="Won"|W|width=20 abbr="Drawn"|D|width=20 abbr="Lost"|L|width=20 abbr="Goals for"|GF|width=20 abbr="Goals against"|GA|width=20 abbr="Goal difference"|GD|width=20 abbr="Points"|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left||5|5|0|0|18|7|+11|**15**|||||||||
|align=left||5|3|1|1|14|11|+3|**10**|||||||||
|align=left||5|2|1|2|8|7|+1|**7**|||||||||
|align=left||5|2|0|3|9|8|+1|**6**|||||||||
|align=left||5|1|2|2|10|14|–4|**5**|||||||||
|align=left||5|0|0|5|6|18|–12|**0**|||||||||

### Team rankings

|Rank|Team|
| --- | --- |
|align=center||
|align=center||
|align=center||
|4||
|5||
|6||
|7||
|8||
|9||
|10||
|11||
|12||

## Other websites

- Results on olympic.org

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **tourney name**: Women's field hockey
at the 2012 Summer Olympics
- **year**: 2012
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **city**: London
- **dates**: 30 July – 11 August
- **num teams**: 12
- **champion other**: Germany women's national field hockey team, Germany
- **count**: 4
- **matches**: 38
- **goals**: 185
- **top scorer**: Mink van der Weerden (8 goals)
- **prevseason**: Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 2008
- **nextseason**: Field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 2016
Fisher-Price

**Fisher-Price** is an American company. It produces toys for children. Since 1992, the company has been owned by Mattel.

The company was founded in 1930.

The company has produced toys including _Barney & Friends_ related products, _Dora the Explorer_ products and some Disney, _Muppets_ and Sesame Street products.
Matchbox (brand)

**Matchbox** is a toy brand which got started in 1953. It is now owned by Mattel. The toys were sold in boxes similar to those in which matches were sold.

The brand made various toys, like action figures and toy vehicles such as model cars.

In May 1992, the company was sold to Tyco Toys. Five years later, Tyco was sold to Mattel. Matchbox was originally a competitor to Hot Wheels.
Die-cast toy

A **die-cast toy** is any toy produced by the process of die casting. The toys are made of metal with plastic, glass and rubber details. The most common die-cast toys are scale models of vehicles, aircraft and trains. Hot Wheels toys are an example of die-cast cars. Early die-cast toys were made of lead. Modern toys are made of Zamak which is an alloy of zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and copper.

## Other websites

- The Making Of AUTOart 1:18 Lamborghini Aventador; YouTube
West African Vodun

**Vodun** (meaning _spirit_ in the Fon and Ewe languages,  with a nasal high-tone _u_; also spelled **Vodon**, **Vodoun**, **Vodou**, **Voudou**, **Voodoo**, etc.) is practiced by the Ewe people of eastern and southern Ghana, and southern and central Togo; and the Kabye people, Mina people, and Fon people of southern and central Togo, southern and central Benin. It is also practiced by some Gun people of Lagos and Ogun in southwest Nigeria. All the which belong to Gbe speaking ethnic groups of West Africa, except the Kabye.

It is different from the African traditional religions in the middle of these countries and is the main source of religions with similar names found among the African Diaspora in the New World such as Haitian _Vodou_; Puerto Rican _Vodú_; Cuban _Vodú_; Dominican _Vudú_; Brazilian _Vodum_; and Louisiana _Voodoo_. All of these closely related faiths are syncretized with Christianity to various degrees and with the traditional beliefs of the Kongo people and Indigenous American traditions.
Ulisseia (epic poem)

**Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada** is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Gabriel Pereira de Castro. It was published by author's brother Luís Pereira de Castro in 1636. The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). The stanza is rhymed abababcc. The poem is about discovery of Portugal by Ulysses.

<poem>
As Armas e o varão que os mal seguros
Campos cortou do Egeu e do Oceano,
Que por perigos e trabalhos duros
Eternizou seu nome soberano:
A grã Lisboa e seus primeiros muros
(De Europa e largo Império Lusitano
Alta cabeça), se eu pudesse tanto,
À Pátria, ao mundo, à Eternidade canto.
</poem>

## Bibliografia

- Ulysséa ou Lisboa Edificada. Poema Heroico de Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Lisboa 1827.

## Other websites

- Gabriel Pereira de Castro, Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada at Projecto Vercial.
Combined gas law

The **combined gas law** is a formula about ideal gases. It comes from putting together three different laws about the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas. They explain what happens to two of the values of that gas while the third stays the same. The three laws are:
- Charles's law, which says that volume and temperature are directly proportional to each other as long as pressure stays the same.
- Boyle's law says that pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at the same temperature.
- Gay-Lussac's law says that temperature and pressure are directly proportional as long as the volume stays the same.
The combined gas law shows how the three variables are related to each other. It says that:

The formula of the combined gas law is:

where:

- is the pressure
- is the volume
- is the temperature measured in kelvin
- is a constant (with units of energy divided by temperature).

To compare the same gas with two of these cases, the law can be written as:

By adding Avogadro's law to the combined gas law, we get what is called the ideal gas law.

## Derivation from the gas laws

Boyle's Law states that the pressure-volume product is constant:
Charles's Law shows that the volume is proportional to the absolute temperature:
Gay-Lussac's Law says that the pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature:
where _P_ is the pressure, _V_ the volume and _T_ the absolute temperature of an ideal gas.

By combining (1) and either of (2) or (3), we can gain a new equation with _P_, _V_ and _T_. If we divide equation (1) by temperature and multiply equation (2) by pressure we will get:
- .
As the left-hand side of both equations is the same, we arrive at
- ,
which means that
- .

Substituting in Avogadro's Law yields the ideal gas equation.

## Applications

The combined gas law can be used to explain the mechanics where pressure, temperature, and volume are affected. For example: air conditioners, refrigerators and the formation of clouds and also use in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.

## Related pages

- Dalton's law

## Sources

- Raff, Lionel. Principles of Physical Chemistry. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall 2001
- Rankcom, Jamie. Massive scientisty person

## Other websites

- Interactive Java applet on the combined gas law  by Wolfgang Bauer
Kevin Shinick

**Kevin Shinick** (born March 19, 1969, Merrick, New York) is a voice actor, screenwriter and producer. He won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program for _Robot Chicken_. Shenick is the creator, voice actor and producer of the comedy series _Mad_. He was also a writer for _Robot Chicken_.
Big data

Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data.

At least some of the following characteristics apply:
- There are huge amounts of data

- The data changes very often

- It is difficult to structure the data so that it can be used easily

## Use

Big data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology.

## Origin

The data is gathered among other things through:

- Surveillance
- the use of credit cards
- Electronic Communication (for example E-mail and smartphones)
- Internet and social media (for example from using Google search or when visiting Facebook)
- Internet of things (objects that can connect to the internet, for example Amazon Alexa)
- governments and public authorities (for example tax data, census data)

## Critique

Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough.

A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening.
European Women's Handball Championship

The **European Women's Handball Championship** is the official competition for the women's national handball teams of Europe. It takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament is also a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship.

As of December 2014, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (six times), Denmark (three times), Hungary and Montenegro (once). Denmark has hosted the most European Championships for three times, in 2010 Denmark was co-host with Norway.

## Summary

|rowspan="2" width="5%"|Year|rowspan="2" width="12%"|Host(s)|colspan="3"|Final|colspan="3"|Third place match||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1994|style="text-align:left;"||****|**27 - 23**||****|**24 - 19**|****|
|1996|style="text-align:left;"||****|**25 - 23**||****|**30 - 23**||
|1998|style="text-align:left;"||****|**24 - 16**||****|**30 - 24**|****|
|2000|style="text-align:left;"||****|**32 - 30 (ET)**||****|**21 - 16**||
|2002|style="text-align:left;"||****|**25 - 22**||****|**27 - 22**|****|
|2004|style="text-align:left;"||****|**27 - 25**||****|**29 - 25**||
|2006|style="text-align:left;"||****|**27 - 24**||****|**29 - 25**|****|
|2008|style="text-align:left;"||****|**34 - 21**||****|**24 - 21**||
|2010|style="text-align:left;"||****|**25 - 20**||****|**16 - 15**||
|2012|style="text-align:left;"||****|**34 - 31 (2ET)**||****|**41 - 38**||
|2014|style="text-align:left;"||****|**28 - 25**||****|**25 - 23**||
|2016|style="text-align:left;"||||||||

## Medal count

|colspan=2|Total||11||11||11||33||11|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||6|3|1|10|(1998, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2014)||||||
|2||3|2|0|5|(1996, 1996 2002)||||||
|3||1|0|3|4|(2000)||||||
|4||1|0|0|1|(2012)||||||
|5||0|2|0|2|||||||
|6||0|1|2|3|||||||
|7||0|1|1|2|||||||
|8||0|1|0|1|||||||
||0|1|0|1||||||||
|9||0|0|2|2|||||||
|10||0|0|1|1|||||||
||0|0|1|1||||||||

## Infobox (football tournament)

- **current**: 2016 European Women's Handball Championship, 2016
- **founded**: 1994
- **region**: Europe (European Handball Federation, EHF)
- **current champions**:  (6th title)
- **most successful team**:  (6 titles)
Thirunallar Saniswaran temple

**Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple** or **Dharbaranyeswarar Temple** is a famous Hindu temple that is dedicated to Lord Shani or Lord Saturn. It is located in Thirunallar of Karaikal district in Puducherry Union territory, India. Another name of this temple is Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva (Lord Dharbaranyeshwarar).

## The temple and its significance

The main deity Lord Shiva is said to be made with the "dharbha grass", from which the temple got its name of Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The temple also centers Lord Saniswaran or Lord Saturn as one of the main gods. The shrine of Thirunallar is famous for this lord. According to Hinduism, Lord Saniswaran resides in each rasi or zodiac sign for about two and half years. The temple is revered by hymns of the Shaiva poets like Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar. Therefore it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam or the shrine which was revered by hymns of the poets.
Nagore

Nagore is a town in the Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the important Islamic shrine in Tamil Nadu. Five centuries old Nagore Dargah is famous throughout the state.It attracts thousands of people daily. The total population of Nagore is 97,525. It is 12km away from Karaikal and 5 km away from district headquarters Nagapattinam.

The Nagore Kandhuri Festival is very famous throughout the region. The festival season in Nagore falls in the month of May.Nagore Dargah is famous because any religious people can gather in the religious site. It is the Common Religious Gathering Point of thousands of people visiting the place each day.

Nagore is also famous for sweets and fishes that are obtained from the coastal region of Nagore. The Nagore Railway station is one of the crowded railway station in that region, since thousands of devotees come through railway to the holy Dargah.
Nellore

**Nellore** is a city in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the banks of Penna River. It is the fourth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. The city is well known for agriculture and aquaculture.It is the headquarters of the Nellore district. The total population of the city is 600,869.Density is 4000/km<sup>2</sup>.

The name is said to be taken from Purana that depicts, a linga under the Nelli tree(Amla or Indian gooseberry). From then the place is called as Nelli-ooru then the name emerged as Nellore. It is said that the city existed since the Mauryan dynasty.

The main economy of the city is based on agriculture and aquaculture. The main productive is Shrimp culturing.The Nellore city is located near the coastal region of Bay of Bengal.
Protologism

A **protologism** is a brand new word. Most people don't know about the word after its creation. Only a tiny group of people have ever used the word. Sometimes the coiner is the only person who has ever used the word. Sometimes people create protologisms because of a gap in the language.

## Related pages

- Neologism
Riederalp

**Riederalp** is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 November 2003, the former municipalities of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel merged into the new municipality of Riederalp.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Riederalp
- **municipality name**: Riederalp
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Riederalp COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Riederalp.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Raron (district), Raron
- **postal code**: 3987 Riederalp
3983 Goppisberg, Greich
3986 Ried-Mörel
- **municipality code**: 6181
- **area**: 21.0
- **elevation**: 1905
- **population**: 555
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.riederalp.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Betten, Bitsch, Switzerland, Bitsch, Filet, Switzerland, Filet, Mörel, Switzerland, Mörel, Naters, Termen
Steg, Valais

**Steg** was a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Steg and Hohtenn merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Steg
- **municipality name**: Steg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Stegwappen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Steg.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Raron (district), Raron
- **postal code**: 3940
- **municipality code**: 6200
- **area**: 7.15
- **elevation**: 640
- **population**: 1404
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.gemeinde-steg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ferden, Gampel, Hohtenn, Niedergesteln, Turtmann
Tirupati

**Tirupati** is a city in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is a municipal corporation and headquarters of Tirupati revenue division and Tirupati mandal (taluk). As of the census of 2011, Tirupati is the 9th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh with the total population of 287,482. Population of the urban agglomeration of Tirupati is 459,985.

Tirupati has one of the most visited tourist attraction as well as religious shrine and the second richest temple in the world, the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. This temple is one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites. Because of this temple, Tirupati is considered as "the Spiritual  capital of Andhra Pradesh".

Tirupati is mainly world renowned for the holy temple as well as its prasadham, the Tirupati Laddu. The Tirupati Laddu is a famous naivedhyam or prasadham offered to devotees in the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple.The other attractions here are the Padmavathi Temple, Govindaraja Temple, Kapileshwara Temple, Kapila Theertham, and Sri Kodhandaramaswami Temple.The second largest zoo park in Asia is the Venkateshwara Zoological Park, which is located in Tirupati.
Chittoor

**Chittoor** is a city and district headquarters of the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division. Telugu is the widely spoken language in this region. The total population of Chittoor city was 353,766 as of the 2011 Census of India.

The total area of the city is .

The main attraction in this city is the Chandragiri Fort.

Nara Chandrababu Naidu was born in Chittoor. He is the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the leader of the Telugu Desam Party.