juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vaginitis

**Vaginitis** is an inflammation of the vagina. It may result in discharge, itching and pain. Vulva irritation or infection is often involved. It is usually because of the latter.

A woman having this condition may have these symptoms:

- irritation and/or itching of genital area
- foul vaginal odor
- vaginal discharge
- irritation/pain with sexual intercourse
- inflammation

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal sickness in women.
Ovarian cyst

**Ovarian cysts** are collections of fluids, surrounded by a very thin wall within an ovary. Ovarian follicles that are larger than two centimeters are termed ovarian cysts. The cysts range from pea-sized to just larger than an orange. Most cysts are functional in nature and harmless.

Ovarian cysts affect women of any age.
Xeon

**Xeon**  is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed and manufactured by Intel Corporation. In 1998 Intel released the first microprocessor using the name Xeon.

As of 2021, the Xeon series of processors are used in cloud computing and enterprise grade servers.
Pentre Ifan

The** Pentre Ifan** dolmen is the largest and best preserved neolithic dolmen in Wales. It is on the ancient manor  of Pentre Ifan in the civil parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The manor was the home of the Bowen family going back to the 11th century. Being built around 3,500 B.C.

## History

This monument is recorded as Coflein NPRN 101450, which tells us: " Pentre Ifan is perhaps the finest surviving Neolithic tomb in Wales and forms one of a group of Portal Dolmens built around the tributaries of the Nevern Valley approximately 6,000 years ago".

The capstone is said to weigh around 16 tons and points at the Nevern River. From the east side of the site looking west the capstone follows almost the exact same angle as the northern slope of Carningli mountain, both leading your eyes to the mouth of the Nevern estuary at Newport.

The dolmen dates from about 3,500 B.C. It may have been used for group burials. The existing stones form the door, called a portal and main chamber of the tomb. These would have been covered with a large stone mound about 36.6 m long and 17 m wide. Some of the stones have been scattered, but at least seven are in their original position. The capstone is 5.1 m in length, and is thought to weigh 16 tonnes, and rises 2.4 m above the ground. It is held up by the narrow tips of three uprights. These stones make a chamber that is 3 m long, 2 m wide and 3 m high. A large stone has been used to block the entrance.

The facade around the portal is a carefully built dry stone wall.

William Francis Grimes carried out archaeological diggings at the site in 1936/1937 and 1958/1959. Small pieces of flint and pottery were discovered during these digs. This are also signs that there may have been holes dug for some sort of ritual purpose long before the dolmen was set up.

The dolmen is owned and looked after by Cadw, the Welsh Historic Monuments Agency. The site is well-kept and entrance is free. It is about 17 km from Cardigan. It has views down the Nevern Valley to the sea.

## Other websites

- www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Pentre Ifan and surrounding area
- The best preserved megalithic site in Wales - Extrageographic
- http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6392

- QuickTime VR of Pentre Ifan: British Tours Ltd
- Article and photos of Pentre Ifan
- http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6392
Lago di Annone

**Lago di Annone** (also called **Lago di Oggiono**) is a lake in the Province of Lecco, Lombardy, Italy. It borders the municipalities of Annone di Brianza, Suello, Civate, Galbiate and Oggiono.

## Infobox (lake)

- **name**: Lago di Annone
- **image**: Lagoannone001.jpg
- **location**: Province of Lecco, Lombardy
- **outflow**: Rio Torto
- **basin countries**: Italy
Tommy Blom

**Tommy Albert Blom** (3 March 1947 – 25 May 2014) was a Swedish singer and radio host. He was member of the band Tages in the 1960s. He hosted Vinyl 107 from the mid-1990s until 2008, when he lost that job because of age. He returned to Vinyl 107 in 2011.

He was born in Gothenburg. He died from cancer on 25 May 2014 in Stockholm, at the age of 67.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tommy Albert Blom
- **image**: Tommy Blom 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Tommy Blom in May 2011
- **birth date**: 3 March 1947
- **occupation**: Singer
Bolhrad

**Bolhrad** (; Bulgarian and ; ) is a small city in Odesa Oblast (province) of south-western Ukraine. It is the capital city of Bolhrad Raion (district).
Hysteresis

**Hysteresis** is a concept in physical science.
In hysteresis the output of a system depends not only on its input, but also on its history of past inputs. This is because the history affects the value of an internal state. To predict the future outputs of a system, either its internal state or its history must be known.

The effect may happen because of a lag between input and output. This effect disappears as the input changes more slowly. This effect meets the description of hysteresis given above, but is often referred to as _rate-dependent hysteresis_ to distinguish it from hysteresis with a more durable memory effect.

Hysteresis occurs in ferromagnetic materials and ferroelectric materials. It also occurs in the deformation of some materials (such as rubber bands and shape-memory alloys). Many artificial systems are designed to have hysteresis: for example, in thermostats and computers.
Anglesey Coastal Path

The **Anglesey Coastal Path** is a  is a footpath on the island of Anglesey, Wales in the United Kingdom. The footpath is a part of the Wales Coast Path.

## Description

The footpath follows the coast of the island of Anglesey. It goes around the entire island except in two places. Those two places are Plas Newydd and Afon Alaw between Llanfachraeth and Llanynghenedl. The path starts at Holyhead. It travels through an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The majority of the path travels through public land with a small amount going through private land. Owners of the private land have given permission for walkers to pass through their property. The path is part of the All Wales Coast Path.

The path cost £1.4 million to build. It was built by two organizations: Menter Môn and Isle of Anglesey County Council. It was opened on June 9, 2006 by Rhodri Morgan.

## Attached trails

There are three trails that connect to the Anglesey Coastal Path. They are:

- Mynydd Mechell circular walk
- Copper Coast Circular Walk
- Ynys Llanddwyn

## Places on the path

Walkers can visit many places on the path.

### Villages and towns

- Aberffraw
- Amlwch
- Beaumaris
- Benllech
- Bull Bay
- Cemaes
- Holyhead
- Llanbadrig
- Llangadwaladr
- Llandegfan
- Llanidan
- Moelfre
- Penmon
- Porth Dafarch Beach Resort
- Rhoscolyn
- Rhosneigr
- Trearddur

### Related pages

- Menai Suspension Bridge

## Other websites

- Official Website, including maps
- Anglesey Walking Festival
Kármán line

The **Kármán line** is the altitude where space begins. It is 100 km (about 62 miles) high. It commonly represents the border between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space. This definition is accepted by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). The FAI is an international standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics. The line is named after Theodore von Kármán (1881–1963), a Hungarian-American engineer and physicist. He was active in aeronautics and astronautics. He was the first to calculate that around this altitude, the atmosphere becomes too thin to support aeronautical flight. An aircraft at this altitude would have to travel faster than orbital velocity (velocity at which a body moves around another body.) to obtain enough lift to support itself. There is a sudden increase in temperature of the atmosphere and solar radiation just below the line. This places the line within the greater thermosphere.
Territorial integrity

**Territorial integrity** means that a country should not try to take part of the other county's territory.

## Related page

- Secession (a country break up)
Battle of Hampton Roads

The **Battle of Hampton Roads** was a naval battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on March 8 and 9, 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia. It was an important battle because it was the first combat between ironclad warships.

The Confederate ironclad _CSS Virginia_ tried to break the Union navy blockade of Hampton Roads. The blockade prevented all commerce with Norfolk and Richmond, Virginia. On March 8, the _Virginia_ sank and damaged several union battleships. On March 8, the Union ironclad USS _Monitor_ arrived and fought the _Virginia_. The battle lasted for several hours. But neither ship could defeat the other. Both ships left the fight thinking they had won. But the Confederates failed to break the blockade.

Both ironclads were lost soon after the battle.  When Norfolk fell in May 1862, the CSS _Virginia_ was destroyed by its crew so it wouldn't be captured. The USS _Monitor_ was lost in a storm near Cape Hatteras on December 31, 1862. Her wreck was found in 1974.

The Battle of Hampton Roads did not make a big difference in the outcome of the Civil War.  But it changed the way people fought wars with ships. The battle proved that ironclad warships were much stronger than wooden ships. After this battle, the U.S. and other countries stopped building wooden ships. They started building iron warships instead.

## Other websites

- The Battle of Hampton Roads (2002); YouTube
- The Warrior’s Influence Abroad: The American Civil War (why the Monitor was created)
Dumb Starbucks

**Dumb Starbucks** was a coffee shop opened by comedian Nathan Fielder. It was closed just after three days for not having a proper health license. Because the shop was a parody making fun of the real Starbucks company, Fielder was able to use their logo.

## Items and beverages

In a normal Starbucks store, you will usually see a board with the beverages that you can purchase. But in Dumb Starbucks, it had the word "Dumb" in front of the name of the beverage you would see at Starbucks. For example, if you saw the Vanilla Latte at Starbucks, in Dumb Starbucks, it would be called "Dumb Vanilla Latte". Usually Starbucks has some other items, such as music CDs, but Dumb Starbucks also took the same music CDs and wrote the word "Dumb" in front of them.

## Plans

Nathan Fielder had planned to open another Dumb Starbucks in Brooklyn, New York City, but he did not try to open one, even with health documents. Many people did not like Fielder and his new parody. Some people felt he was making fun of them being Starbucks customers, others said his coffee was terrible.
Cuisine of the United States

The **cuisine of the United States** refers to food prepared in the United States. The European Colonization of the Americas gave way to introduction of many ingredients and cooking styles. These styles extended to the 19th and 20th centuries.

Seafood have been in the United States since pre-Colonial times. Native American ate fish and other seafood in those times.

Pizza, and Potato soup was brought to the U.S. by Italian and Irish immigrants. It varies, however, based on the style and development region.

Greek food is also popular in the United States.

In the Southern United States, fried chicken is extremely popular, though it is eaten everywhere. Soul food is also very popular.
Cuisine of the Southern United States

The **cuisine of the Southern United States** is food prepared across the Southern United States. Foods prepared or from the Southern United States include corn, tomatoes, squash along with other fruits or vegetables.

Much of Creole or Cajun cuisine is based on France, West Africa and the Caribbean.

Traditional Southern meals usually involve catfish, fried chicken, macaroni and cheese, candied sweet potatoes, lima beans, butter beans, biscuits and cornbread.

The restaurants serving Southern food include Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits, Church's Chicken and Kentucky Fried Chicken.
Malcolm Glazer

**Malcolm Irving Glazer** (August 15, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American businessman and sports team owner. He was the president and chief executive officer of First Allied Corporation. He also owned both the association football club Manchester United of the English Premier League and the American football team Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL.

Glazer was born in Rochester, New York to Lithuanian Jewish immigrants.

Glazer was married to Linda from 1961 until his death. The couple had five sons together: Avram, Kevin, Bryan, Joel, Edward; and a daughter, Darcie.

Glazer died on May 28, 2014 in Palm Beach, Florida, aged 85. He had been in poor health since suffering two strokes in April 2006.

## Other websites

- Glazer Family Foundation
St. Govan's Chapel

**St. Govan's Chapel** is a chapel in St. Govan, Pembrokeshire, in the country of Wales.

The chapel is built into a cliff made of limestone. It is small and measures 20 by 12 feet in size. It has only one room. The walls are made of limestone.  The building is very old. It might have been built in the 6th century. But, most of the building was built in the 13th century. The first chapel was a cave that Saint Goven lived in where the chapel is today. People believe that Saint Goven might be buried beneath the building.

There is one entrance on the north part of the building. There are benches made of stone inside. The roof, which is made of slate is newer. To get to the building you have to walk down 52 stairs.
Microsoft Visual Studio

**Microsoft Visual Studio** is a set of programs or tools used to help write computer programs. It includes the tools for designing, coding the program, and fixing the bugs. This type of software is called an integrated development environment (or IDE). It means it has most of the tools necessary to write new programs. It currently supports Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, C++,  and the .NET languages.
IPad Mini 2

The second generation **iPad Mini** (stylized and marketed as **iPad Mini 2**, and previously marketed as the **iPad mini with Retina display**) is a tablet computer that is made and sold by Apple Inc. It almost has the same design as the first generation iPad Mini, but added some new features such as the Apple A7 system-on-a-chip and a 2,048 x 1,536 resolution Retina Display. It uses the same hardware that is used in the iPad Air. Apple released the second generation iPad Mini in silver and space grey colors on November 12, 2013.

The successor to the iPad Mini 2, the iPad Mini 3, was announced on October 16, 2014. In 2017, the iPad mini 2 was discontinued.

## History

The iPad Mini 2 was announced during an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on October 22, 2013. The theme of the event was 'We still have a lot to cover.' Originally, at the time of its release, the iPad Mini 2 was officially sold as the "iPad Mini with Retina Display". However, when the iPad Mini 3 was announced on October 16, 2014, Apple started selling the second generation iPad Mini as iPad Mini 2.

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **name**: iPad Mini
- **logo**: IPad Mini 2 Logo.PNG
- **image**: IPadminiWhite.png
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **manufacturer**: Foxconn
- **family**: iPad Mini
- **type**: Tablet computer
- **lifespan**: October 23, 2013 – March 21, 2017
- **price**: **Wi-Fi:**
16 GB: $399, 32 GB: $499,
64 GB: $599, 128 GB: $699
**Wi-Fi + Cellular:**
16 GB: $529, 32 GB: $629,
64 GB: $729, 128 GB: $829
- **unitssold**: Over 1 million in the first 3 days
- **unitsshipped**: 1 million+
- **os**: **Original:** iOS 7, iOS 7.0.3
**Last:** iOS 12, iOS 12.5.7, released
- **power**: Built-in 23.8-watt-hour rechargeable lithium-polymer battery.
Charging via 10W power adapter or USB to computer system.
Up to 10 hours of surfing the web on Wi-Fi, Up to 9 hours of surfing the web using cellular data network watching video, or listening to music.
- **soc**: Apple A7 with 64-bit architecture and Apple M7 motion co-processor
- **storage**: 16, 32, 64 or 128 GB flash memory
- **memory**: 1GB LPDDR3 DRAM
- **display**: 2048×1536 pixel, px (326 Pixel density, PPI),  diagonal, aspect ratio (image), 4:3 Light-emitting diode, LED-backlit In-plane switching, IPS LCD
- **input**: Multi-touch touch screen, screen,#Audio, headset controls, Proximity sensor, proximity and low-key lighting, ambient light sensors, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, magnetometer, digital compass
- **camera**: **iSight Camera:** 5 mega-pixels, ƒ/2.4 aperture, 1080p video.
**FaceTime HD Camera:** 1.2MP photos, ƒ/2.4 aperture, 720p HD video.
- **service**: App Store (iOS), App Store, iTunes Store, iBookstore, iCloud, Game Center
- **dimensions**: Height:
Width:
Depth:
- **weight**: **Wi-Fi:**
**Wi-Fi + Cellular:**
- **predecessor**: iPad Mini (1st generation)
- **successor**: iPad Mini 3
George Eliot (spy)

**George Eliot** was an English spy during the rule of Queen Elizabeth I.

George Eliot is reported to have been a very bad person. He earned his living as a con artist (someone who gains the trust of another and then tricks them out of their money). He was well known as a rapist and suspected of being a murderer. Eliot became a spy for Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. This was to avoid a charge from the last crime he committed. Eliot agreed to seek out Catholics who were not conforming to the rules of the state because the Church of England was the official state religion. He would then hand them over to the authorities for punishment.

At Lyford Grange in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), he tracked down the Jesuit priest, Edmund Campion. Eliot called for a magistrate from Abingdon. He arrested Campion and had him sent to London for trial and execution.
Wrexham Glyndŵr University

**Wrexham Glyndŵr University** is a university in Wales. It is named after a Welsh national hero, Owain Glyndŵr. The university opened in 2008. Before becoming a university, it had been the Wrexham School of Arts and Science which opened in 1887. It has over 9000 students, and as well as the Wrexham campus it also has campuses at St. Asaph, Northop, and London.
Battle of Bryn Glas

The **Battle of Bryn Glas** was fought on 22 June 1402. This was the major battle of the Welsh Revolt (1400-1415). The rebel forces of Wales, led by Owain Glyndŵr defeated the English army led by Sir Edmund Mortimer. The exact location of the battle is not known, but research shows that it was probably on Bryn Glas hill, to the east, west and south of the church of St. Mary. The English attacked the Welsh forces who were on the top of the hill. During the battle, Mortimer was captured by the Welsh. The bodies of the dead English, were left on the battlefield; later the bones were collected and buried in the churchyard.
Thermostat

A **thermostat** is a sensor that keeps a heating system near to a desired temperature or setpoint. It is a control system.

The thermostat works by switching heating or cooling devices on or off. This is what happens in a central heating system or an air conditioner. In some systems, it works by switching a 'heat transfer fluid' off or on as needed to keep the set temperature. The name is derived from the Greek words _thermos_ "hot" and _statos_ "a standing".

The simplest kind of thermostat is a bimetal strip which bends as the temperature rises, and at a set point breaks the circuit of an electrical current. Kitchen toasters use this kind of thermostat.

Because they control a system, thermostats are examples of feedback devices that maintain a steady local environment against temperature changes outside the outside world. In cybernetics, the thermostat is an example of a machine that uses feedback to maintain the stability of a heating system.

Thermostats can be either line voltage or low voltage thermostats. Line voltage thermostats have regular 120 volt and 220~240 volt power going to them and low voltage thermostats have 24 volts powering them from a transformer.

With the advancement of technology, wireless thermostats based on WiFi or Zigbee  protocols are also emerging and moving towards intelligence.
Sæhrímnir

In Norse mythology, **Sæhrímnir** is the name of the pig killed and cooked every night at Valhalla. He is the never-ending food source for the einherjar (warriors who died in battle and were brought to Valhalla). According to Snorri Sturluson, in the Gylfaginning, Sæhrímnir is cooked every day but he is whole again by evening.
Naval warfare

**Naval warfare** is combat in and on the seas, oceans, or any other major bodies of water. It is usually a part of a nation's overall war effort. Men have fought battles on the sea for over 3,000 years. Traditionally naval warfare has been fleet against another fleet. Modern naval warfare has changed to include Amphibious landings, transportation of men and equipment over water and naval support of land operations. Submarines, aircraft carriers, and specialized warfare have all changed naval warfare.
Hampton Roads

**Hampton Roads** is the name of both a body of water and a metropolitan area in Southeastern Virginia, United States. It is made up of the Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA metropolitan area. Hampton Roads is known for its military bases, its ice-free harbor, shipyards, and coal piers. It also has miles of waterfront property and beaches.

The body of water known as Hampton Roads is one of the world's largest natural harbors. In fact it is a roadstead or "roads" (a body of water outside a harbor where ships can wait). It is formed by the mouths of several rivers. The water of Hampton Roads empties into the Chesapeake Bay
Martin Mystery

***Martin Mystery*** is a French/Canadian animated television series. It is produced by the French company Marathon Media and the Canadian animation studio Image Entertainment Corporation. The series is based on an Italian comic strip. The series ran from 2003-2006. The series has 66 episodes and 3 seasons. The show is on Canal J in France and on YTV in Canada.

## Plot

Martin Mystery and his stepsister Diana work at The Center, an organization that protects Earth from aliens.

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Vincent Chalvon-Demersary
David Michel
- **developer**: Alfredo Castelli
David Michel
Sylvain Viau
- **director**: Stephane Berry
Gregory Panaccione
- **country**: France
Canada
- **language**: French
English
- **num seasons**: 4
- **num episodes**: 66
- **producer**: Vincent Chalvon-Demersary
David Michel
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **company**: Marathon Media
Image Entertainment Corporation Inc.
- **channel**: Canal J (France)
YTV (Canada)
Fairview Acres, Louisiana

**Fairview Acres** is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.

### Interstates

|Number||Highway|
| --- | --- | --- |
|49||I-49|

### States

|Number||Number|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1||Louisiana 1|
|3191||Louisiana 3191|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fairview Acres
- **official name**: Hamlet of Fairview Acres
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated Community
- **pushpin map**: USA Louisiana
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Natchitoches
Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn

**Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn** (c. 1362 – 30 September 1440), was a powerful Welsh marcher lord. He became Baron after his father's death in July 1388. His main military actions were against the Welsh, during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr.

Reginald de Grey was responsible for giving out royal demands in the Northern March. This included calling the local nobility and gentry and their men to Royal and military service. He was had been in a long-running legal argument with Glyndŵr, claiming part of Glyndwr's land as his own. Under King Richard II the case had been found in favour of Glyndŵr. When Henry IV became king, Grey took over the land.

## Welsh rebellion

Glyndŵr tried to take legal action in 1400, but the court told him to give the land to Grey. Grey also did not tell Glyndŵr that his men were needed service in Scotland until the last moment. This made it impossible for Glyndŵr to send the men or even send an explanation for not sending them. Refusing or failing to follow an order of the King was treason. Glyndŵr's lands were would be taken until he could prove he was loyal to the king or receive punishment. On 16 September Glyndŵr and his brothers burned Grey's property. For three days his Welsh forces attacked the countryside of Flintshire and Denbighshire. On 24 September, Glyndwr's forces were defeated at Welshpool.

De Grey asked Glyndŵr to a meeting, but arrived with a large force, and attempted to capture Glyndŵr. Glyndŵr escaped and went into hiding, becoming a traitor in English eyes. King Henry took the land of Glyndŵr's friends, and gave them to John Beaufort, his half-brother. The rebellion spread across Wales by 1402. Lord Grey was taken prisoner by Glyndŵr's forces in an ambush near Ruthin in January.

A ransom of 10,000 marks was asked for him. Lord Grey was made to promise not to fight against Glyndŵr again. King Henry IV sent 11 knights to meet with Glyndŵr. They paid the money to release Grey. Lord Grey and his family would have been expected to repay the money.

The Grey family sold the Ruthin Lordship to King Henry VII in 1508 when the family needed money.

## Hundred Years' War

Grey was a member of the Council which governed England during the absence of Henry V in France in 1415. He later fought against the French in the Hundred Years' War in 1420 and 1421. He also served as Governor of Ireland.
ORCID

An **ORCID** is a code to identify someone who writes academic articles. ORCID stands for **Open Researcher and Contributor ID**. Each person can have their own ORCID. ORCIDs make it easy to know which articles someone has written, even if they change their name. They also helps tell who has written which articles, if there is more than one writer with the same name. ORCID was started on 16 October 2012.

ORCIDs usually have four groups of four numbers. An example of a person with an ORCID is John Wilbanks. His ORCID is . That is also the web address of the page about him, on the ORCID website. His ORCID can also be written as "ORCID: 0000-0002-4510-0385". Sometimes an ORCID has an "X" instead of a number at the end. An example of this is Nick Jennings's ORCID. His is . The final number (or "X") is a check digit.

## Other websites

- ORCID website
1900 Galveston Hurricane

The **Galveston Hurricane of 1900** hit the city of Galveston, Texas on September 8, 1900. This hurricane was very large, and it is the deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. It killed between 8,000 and 12,000 people. It was a "Category 4 hurricane" on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

## Prelude to the great storm

The U.S. National Weather Service was very simple in 1900. They did not have good information on what the storm was doing. As a result, they could not give people advance warnings. Galveston was located on a sandbar island off the coast of Texas. It was only about nine feet above sea level. The population was about 38,000. On the morning of September 8, 1900, nobody knew that 8,000 of that number would be gone by the next day.

## The hurricane

The Galveston hurricane began developing about August 30, 1900 in the middle Atlantic Ocean. It was still a tropical storm when it moved to Cuba on September 4. It hit Key West on September 6. At that point it became a full hurricane. It was a Category 4 hurricane when it got near the Texas coast. In the early afternoon of September 8 it hit with little warning. By the next morning it was gone and so was much of Galveston. After that, it moved back east as a tropical storm over the U.S. The damage was over $30,000,000. Galveston began rebuilding almost right away. A new seawall was built and many buildings were raised several feet. But it could not recover completely. The storm convinced most in the shipping industry to move to Houston with its safer harbor. Galveston would never again be the busiest shipping port in Texas.

## Other websites

- Galveston Hurricane of 1900; Texas State Historical Association
- The Galveston Storm of 1900; NOAA History
Tyler Arnason

**Tyler L. Arnason** (born March 16, 1979) is an American retired professional ice hockey center. He played a career total of 487 games in the  National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Ottawa Senators, and Colorado Avalanche.

## Early life

He was born in Oklahoma City and raised in Winnipeg. He is the son of Chuck Arnason.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Arnason played college hockey at St. Cloud State University for 118 games. Arnason was drafted with the 183rd overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft.

On January 21, 2003, he was involved in an off-ice incident. While Arnason, Phil Housley and Theoren Fleury were leaving the Pure Platinum strip club in Columbus, Ohio, Arnason and Housley had to step in to prevent Fleury from being beat up by the bouncers after Fleury punched the strip club manager in the face.

On March 9, 2006, he was traded to the Ottawa Senators for Brandon Bochenski and a second-round pick. He played 19 games with the Senators and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 1, 2006, he signed a one-year deal with the Colorado Avalanche. He played 2 seasons with them and signed a one-year two-way contract with the New York Rangers for the 2009–10 season on July 3, 2009 but he never played for them. Arnason retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2012.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Brynäs IF
Ottawa Senators
Colorado Avalanche
Dinamo Riga
EHC Biel
Espoo Blues
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Center
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 204
- **ntl team**: USA
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **draft**: 183rd overall
- **draft year**: 1998
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2001
- **career end**: 2012
- **image**: Tyler Arnason2.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
The Apartment

***The Apartment*** is a 1960 American romance movie directed by Billy Wilder, and starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine. It is about climbing the corporate ladder and seduction. It won five Academy Awards including Best Picture. Due to adult themes and infidelity, the movie was controversial in its time.
Going My Way

***Going My Way*** is a 1944 musical comedy-drama movie. The movie is about a priest from East St. Louis, Illinois who changes parish life at a New York City church. Bing Crosby plays Father Charles.

The movie won seven Academy Awards, including the Best Picture.

## Academy Awards

At the 17th Academy Awards, _Going My Way_ was nominated for 10 Academy Awards. They included two for Barry Fitzgerald for his work on the movie was nominated for both Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor. Later, the rules were changed so that it will not happen again. The film won seven awards, including the Best Picture.
|Award|Result|Winner|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Best Picture||Paramount Pictures (Leo McCarey, producer)|
|Best Director||Leo McCarey|
|Best Actor||Bing Crosby|
|Best Actor||Barry Fitzgerald|
|Best Supporting Actor||Barry Fitzgerald|
|Best Writing, Screenplay||Frank Butler and Frank Cavett|
|Best Original Motion Picture Story||Leo McCarey|
|Best Music, Song||"Swinging on a Star" Music: Jimmy Van Heusen • Lyrics:Johnny Burke|
|Best Cinematography, Black-and-White||Lionel Lindon Winner was Joseph LaShelle – _Laura_|
|Best Film Editing||Leroy Stone Winner was Barbara McLean – _Wilson_|

In 2004, _Going My Way_ was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Gigi

***Gigi*** is a 1958 musical romantic comedy movie. Leslie Caron plays Gigi. It also stars Maurice Chevalier, Louis Jourdan and Eva Gabor. The movie is about relationships in Paris in the early 20th century.

The movie was directed by Vincente Minnelli. The screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner was based on the 1944 novella of the same name by the Parisian author Colette. The film features songs with words by Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe, arranged and conducted by André Previn.

This movie won nine Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Costume Design. Critics gave the movie very positive reviews.
Rebecca (1940 movie)

***Rebecca*** is a 1940 American psychological melodramatic thriller movie. This movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Joan Fontaine plays a very young and naive woman. She marries a recently widowed man and moves to his large house in Cornwall. Laurence Olivier played Maxim de Winter, a rich man whose first wife, Rebecca, died recently. This movie is about obsession and cold treatment in relationships.

In 1941, _Rebecca_ won two Academy Awards including Best Picture.
The Life of Emile Zola

***The Life of Emile Zola*** is a 1937 American biographical movie. This is about Émile Zola and his rise to fame in 19th century. The movie starred Paul Muni as Émile Zola. It was directed William Dieterle.

At the 10th Annual Academy Awards, the movie was the second biographical movie to win the Best Picture Academy Award.
All About Eve

***All about Eve*** is a 1950 American drama movie. The movie was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. It stars Bette Davis, Anne Baxter, George Sanders and Celeste Holm. Marilyn Monroe, Hugh Marlowe, Thelma Ritter and Barbara Bates are also in the movie. It is about the young woman Eve Harrington becoming a star and replacing the current star Margot Channing. The film was a critical success. _All about Eve_ was nominated for 14 Academy Awards. It won six, including Best Director and Best Picture. It is often considered one of the best films of all time.

## Plot

Margo Channing (Bette Davis) is a Broadway star. She is getting older. Lloyd Richards is the playwright and husband of Karen Richards (Celesta Holm). A young woman Eve Harrington (Anne Baxter) tricks and manipulates Margo and Karen. Eve makes up a sad story, and Margo hires Eve as her assistant. Eve is secretly able to become Margo's understudy. Margo gets very upset. Karen feels sorry for Eve. Karen has Margo miss a performance so Eve can perform. The critic Addison DeWitt (George Sanders) interviews Eve and writes a bad review about Margo. At a restaurant, Eve threatens Karen to get the main role of Carlo. Usually, Margo plays this role. At the table, Margo says she does not want the part of Carlo. Eve gets the part. She tells Addison her plan to marry Lloyd. Addison knows about Eve's lies. He tells her how her story was fake. Her real name is Gertrude Slescynski. Addison says she belongs to him and blackmails Eve. At a ceremony, Eve gets the largest award. She thanks Margo, Bill, Lloyd, and Karen. Afterward, Eve meets Phoebe in her hotel. Phoebe imitates and adores Eve just like Eve did.

## Cast

- Bette Davis as Margo Channing
- Anne Baxter as Eve Harrington
- George Sanders as Addison DeWitt
- Celeste Holm as Karen Richards
- Gary Merrill as Bill Sampson
- Hugh Marlowe as Lloyd Richards
- Thelma Ritter as Birdie Coonan
- Gregory Ratoff as Max Fabian
- Marilyn Monroe as Claudia Casswell
- Barbara Bates as Phoebe
- Walter Hampden as Aged Actor (Sarah Siddons Award presenter)
- Randy Stuart as Girl
- Craig Hill as Leading Man
- Leland Harris as Doorman
- Barbara White as Autograph Seeker
- Eddie Fisher as Stage Manager
- William Pullen as Clerk
- Claude Stroud as Pianist (at party)
- Eugene Borden as Frenchman
- Helen Mowery as Reporter
- Steven Geray as Captain of Waiters

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: All About Eve
- **image**: All About Eve (1950 poster - retouch).jpg
- **border**: yes
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
- **producer**: Darryl F. Zanuck
- **screenplay**: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
- **music**: Alfred Newman (composer), Alfred Newman
- **cinematography**: Milton R. Krasner
- **editing**: Barbara McLean
- **studio**: 20th Century Fox
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $1.4 million
- **gross**: $8.4 million
Grand Ecore, Louisiana

**Grand Ecore** is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. it is the northern suburb of Natchitoches.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Grand Ecore
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated Community
- **image skyline**: UPS Customer Center Natchitoches.jpg
- **image caption**: View of UPS Customer Center in 2022
- **pushpin map**: Louisiana#USA#North America
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Louisiana
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Natchitoches
- **established title**: Settled
- **population demonym**: Grand Ecorer
- **timezone1**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: Zip Code
- **postal code**: 71457
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: Area code 318, 318
- **blank1 name sec1**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info sec1**: 535334
- **blank name sec2**: Louisiana Highway
- **blank info sec2**:
- **blank1 name sec2**: River
- **blank1 info sec2**: Red River of the South, Red River
Powhatan, Louisiana

**Powhatan** is a village in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is the least populous municipality in Natchitoches Parish.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Powhatan, Louisiana
- **official name**: Village of Powhatan
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image map**: File:Natchitoches Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Powhatan Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Powhatan in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana.
- **pushpin map**: Louisiana#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Louisiana in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Natchitoches
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.39
- **area total sq mi**: 0.54
- **area land km2**: 1.39
- **area land sq mi**: 0.54
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population total**: 101
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population rank**: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana#Communities, NC: 9th
- **population density km2**: 72.43
- **population density sq mi**: 187.73
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: Area code 318, 318
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-62245
Karlheinz Böhm

**Karlheinz Böhm** (16 March 1928 – 29 May 2014), sometimes known as **Carl Boehm** or **Karl Boehm**, was an Austrian-German actor and philanthropist.

Boehm was born in Darmstadt, Germany to Austrian composer Karl Boehm and German soprano Thea Linhard.

His career has spanned for nearly 50 years. He appeared in 45 foreign movies and over 30 blockbusters. He is best known for his role as Mark in _Peeping Tom_.

Boehm had seven children, including actress Katharina Boehm.

Böhm died from Alzheimer's disease at his home in Grödig, Austria, aged 86.
Hienadz Buraukin

**Hienadz Buraukin** (, August 28, 1936 – May 30, 2014) was a Belarusian poet, journalist and diplomat. He served as an Ambassador to the United Nations for Belarus.

Buraukin died from cancer on May 30, 2014 in Minsk at the age of 77.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hienadz Buraukin
- **image**: Gienadz Burawkin.jpg
- **alt**: An older gentleman in glasses rests his head on his hand
- **caption**: Buraukin in 2013
- **birth name**: Генадзь Бураўкін
- **birth place**: Vitebsk Region, Vitsebsk Voblast, Vitebsk Region
- **death place**: Minsk, Belarus
- **occupation**: Poet, journalist and diplomat
Klement Gottwald

**Klement Gottwald** (23 November 1896 – 14 March 1953) was a Communist Czechoslovak politician.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Klement Gottwald
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R90009, Budapest, II. Weltfestspiele, Festumzug, tschechische Delegation (cropped KG).jpg
- **office**: List of presidents of Czechoslovakia, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
- **term start**: 1929
- **term end**: 14 March 1953
- **predecessor**: Bohumil Jílek
<small>as general secretary</small>
- **successor**: Antonín Novotný
<small>as First Secretary</small>
- **office2**: List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia, 5th List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia, President of Czechoslovakia
- **term start2**: 14 June 1948
- **term end2**: 14 March 1953
- **predecessor2**: Edvard Beneš
- **successor2**: Antonín Zápotocký
- **office3**: List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia, 14th List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
- **term start3**: 2 July 1946
- **term end3**: 15 June 1948
- **predecessor3**: Zdenek Fierlinger
- **successor3**: Antonín Zápotocký
- **birth place**: Dědice, Vyškov, Margraviate of Moravia, Austria-Hungary
- **death place**: Prague, Czechoslovakia
- **party**: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
- **spouse**: Marta Gottwaldová
- **profession**: Cabinetmaker
Newspaper editor
- **signature**: Klement Gottwald signature.svg
John Guillermin

**John Guillermin** (11 November 1925 – 27 September 2015) was a movie director. He was born in London and attended the University of Cambridge.

He was known for his movies _I Was Monty's Double_ (1958), _Tarzan's Greatest Adventure_ (1959), _Never Let Go_ (1960), _Tarzan Goes to India_ (1962), _Waltz of the Toreadors_ (1962), _The Blue Max_ (1966), _The Bridge at Remagen_ (1969), _The Towering Inferno_ (1974), _King Kong_ (1976), _Death on the Nile_ (1978), _Sheena_ (1984) and _King Kong Lives_ (1986).

## Other websites

- John Guillermin photograph

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Guillermin
- **birth place**: London, UK
- **occupation**: Film director
- **spouse**: Maureen Connell (1956–?) 2 children
- **children**: Michelle (b. 1959)
Michael-John (1963–1989)
Timer

A **timer** is a kind of clock for measuring time intervals. A timer which counts upwards from zero for measuring time is often called a _stopwatch_. A device which counts down from a specified time interval is more usually called a _timer_. A simple example is an hourglass. Some timers sound an audible alarm that the time is up. Time switches, timing mechanisms which activate a switch, are sometimes called "timers".
Freedom Writers

***Freedom Writers*** is a 2007 American drama movie based on actual events. It stars Hilary Swank, Scott Glenn, Patrick Dempsey, and Pat Carroll. It was released in January 5, 2007.
Walden

**Walden** is a book written by the author, Henry David Thoreau. This book is a satire. This book is also a book on the author's life and experiences.

## Counterparts

- Walden (Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!)

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Walden
- **image**: Walden Thoreau.jpg
- **caption**: Original title page of _Walden_ featuring a picture drawn by Thoreau's sister Sophia.
- **title orig**: Walden; or, Life in the Woods
- **author**: Henry David Thoreau
Helma Sanders-Brahms

**Helma Sanders-Brahms** (20 November 1940 – 27 May 2014) was a German movie director, screenwriter, producer and actress. She was known for directing _Germany, Pale Mother_.

Sanders-Brahms was born in Emden. She died in Berlin on May 27, 2014 after a long illness, aged 73.
Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana

**Natchitoches Parish** () is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,515. The parish seat and most populous municipality is Natchitoches. The parish was formed in 1805. It was named after the Natchitoches Native Americans.

#### City

- Natchitoches (parish seat and most populous municipality)

#### Town

- Campti (most densely populated municipality)

#### Villages

- Ashland (least density populated municipality and largest by land area)
- Clarence
- Goldonna
- Natchez
- Powhatan (smallest municipality both area and population)
- Provencal
- Robeline

### Unincorporated areas

- Isle Brevelle

#### Census-designated places

- Marthaville
- Point Place
- Vienna Bend
- Adai Caddo US Census SDTSA

#### Other communities

- Ajax
- Allen
- Bellwood
- Bermuda
- Bethel
- Chestnut
- Chopin
- Cypress
- Cloutierville
- Creston
- Derry
- Fairview Acres
- Fairview Alpha (also in Red River Parish)
- Flora
- Gorum
- Grand Ecore
- Grappes Bluff
- Hagewood
- Irma
- Isle Brevelle
- Janie
- Kile
- King Hill
- Melrose
- Mink
- Mora
- Pleasant Hill
- Readhimer
- Timon
- Victoria
- Vowells Mill
- Westlake

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
- **official name**: Parish of Natchitoches

- **settlement type**: List of parishes in Louisiana, Parish
- **image skyline**: Natchitoches Parish Courthouse IMG 2041.JPG
- **image caption**: Natchitoches Parish Courthouse (completed 1939 as a WPA project)
- **image map**: Map of Louisiana highlighting Natchitoches Parish.svg
- **map caption**: Location within the U.S. state of Louisiana
- **image map1**: Louisiana in United States.svg
- **map caption1**: Louisiana's location within the United States, U.S.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Louisiana
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Central Louisiana
- **established title**: Founded
- **named for**: Natchitoches people
- **seat type**: County seat, Parish seat
- **seat**: Natchitoches, Louisiana, Natchitoches
- **seat1 type**: Largest municipality
- **seat1**: Ashland, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Ashland (area)
Natchitoches (population)<br/ >Campti, Louisiana, Campti (population density)
- **parts type**: Incorporated municipalities
- **parts**: 9 (total)
- **p1**: 1 city, 1 town, and 7 villages
- **p2**: _(located entirely or partially
within parish boundaries)_
- **area total sq mi**: 1299
- **area land sq mi**: 1252
- **area water sq mi**: 47
- **area blank1 title**: percentage
- **area blank1 sq mi**: 3.6
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 37515
- **population rank**: List of parishes in Louisiana, LA: 30th
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: Area code 318, 318
- **blank name sec1**: Congressional district
- **blank info sec1**: Louisiana's 4th congressional district, 4th
Chi-squared test

**Chi-squared test** (or  test) is a statistical hypothesis test. It usually tests the hypothesis that "the experimental data does not differ from untreated data". That is a null hypothesis. The distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is true.

The test results are regarded as 'significant' if there is only one chance in 20 that the result could be got by chance.

## Groups

There are three main groups of tests:
- Tests for distribution check that the values follow a given probability distribution.
- Tests for independence check that the values are independent; if this is the case, no value can be left out without losing information.
- Tests for homogeneity: These check that all samples taken have the same probability distribution, or are from the same set of values.
Independence (statistics)

Probability theory talks about events which occur with a given (possibly unknown) probability. Sometimes, when it talks about several events occurring, it assumes that if one event occurs, this does not change the probability of the other events occurring.

More specifically, two events  and  are called **independent** (written as ), if the probability of  occurring is the same whether  is assumed to have occurred or not. Alternatively,  and  are independent precisely when the probability of them occurring together is equal to the product of their individual probabilities.

Abraham de Moivre wrote: "Two events are independent, when they have no connexion one with the other, and that the happening of one neither forwards nor obstructs the happening of the other."

## Related pages

- Conditional probability