juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Malusare Koli

The **Malusare Koli** (also spelled as **Maloosare Koli** and **Malsure Koli**) is a clan (Gotra, Kutumb) of Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Maharashtra and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and nearby areas. Kolis of Malusare clan were known as Mavala because of their service in Maratha Empire and most known Koli family from Malusare was of Tanaji Malusare.

## External

- Tanaji Malusare

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Malusare Koli
- **local name**: मालुसरे कोळी
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Dadra and Nagar Haveli
*Maharashtra
- **varna**: Ruler
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Maharashtra
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language
*Marathi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **surnames**: Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)
Mannophryne yustizi

The **Yacambu poison frog** or **Yacambú collared frog** (_Mannophryne yustizi_) is a frog.  It lives on Tobago Island and Little Tobago Island in Trinidad and Tobago.

## Home

This frog lives near streams in forests on mountains. Scientists saw the frog between 1200 and 1800 meters above sea level.

Scientists found the frog two protected parks, Yacambú National Park and Terepaima National Park.

## Young

The female frogs lay eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. In some places, human beings cut down forests to make big farms for coffee and places to have animals. The chemicals the farmers use to make plants grow can also hurt the frog.
Haima Automobile

**Haima Automobile Co., Ltd.** is a Chinese automobile brand headquartered in Haikou. It was founded in 1992 as a joint venture between the government of Hainan province and Mazda to make and sell Mazda's models in China.

### Current

- Haima 8S CUV
- Haima 7X/7X-E MPV
- Haima INJOY L MPV

### Discontinued

Vehicles formerly produced by Haima include:

- Haima 1 "Aishang" (爱尚) EV- Only the electric version is still in production.
- Haima Fstar microvan
- Haima 6P PHEV CUV
- Haima M3 sedan (1.5 litre)
- Haima M5 sedan (1.5 and 1.6 litre)
- Haima M6 sedan
- Haima M8 sedan (1.8 and 2.0 litre)
- Haima Freema (a rebadged Mazda Premacy)
- Haima S5 CUV (1.6 litre)
- Haima S5 Young CUV
- Haima S7 CUV (2.0 liter)- (Previous Haima 7)
- Haima F7 MPV- (Previous Haima V70)
- Mazda 929
- Haima HMC6450 minivan (a van based on the Mazda MPV (LV) series)
- Mazda 6440 minivan
- Haima 3 hatchback (1.6 liters)
- Haima 3 sedan (1.6 litre)
- Haima 2 hatchback (1.3 and 1.5 liters)
- Haima 1 "Aishang" (爱尚) (1.0 litre)
- Haima 1 "Prince" (王子) (1.0 litre)
- Haima HMC6470L station wagon (a rebadged Mazda Luce)
- Haima Family/ Happin(CA7130) sedan / Family VS sedan / hatchback(1.6 litre) (a rebadged Mazda 323/Mazda Familia)
- Haima CA6430M hatchback

### OEM products

Between 2018 and 2021, Haima Automobile produced some early models for XPeng at its Zhengzhou factory.

- XPeng IDENTY X
- XPeng G3

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Haima Automobile Co., Ltd.
- **trade name**: Haima
- **type**: State-owned enterprise, State-owned
- **foundation**: (as Hainan Mazda Motor Co., Ltd.)
- **location city**: Haikou, Hainan
- **location country**: China
- **key people**: Qin Quanquan, Jing Zhu
- **industry**: Automotive industry, Automotive
- **products**: Automobiles
- **revenue**: 11.21 billion yuan (US$1.77 billion)
- **net income**: 590 million yuan (US$93.22 million)
- **owner**:
Hainan Automobile Group (49%)
Hainan provincial government (51%)


## Infobox (chinese)

- **t**: 海馬汽車集團股份有限公司
- **s**: 海马汽车集团股份有限公司
- **p**: Hǎimǎ Qìchē Jítuán Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
- **altname**: Haima
- **t2**: 海馬
- **s2**: 海马
- **l2**: Seahorse
- **p2**: Hǎimǎ
- **bpmf2**: ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄚˇ
- **w2**: Hai<sup>3</sup>-ma<sup>3</sup>
- **j2**: hoi2 maa5
- **y2**: Hóimáh
- **wuu2**: He<sup>上</sup>ma<sup>上</sup>
- **order**: st
Haima 8S

The **Haima 8S** is a compact Crossover SUV made by Haima since 2019.

## History and Features

The Haima 8S was first launched in the Chinese market in June 2019 the SUV uses the Haima HMGA plataform (Haima Global Architecture). and has a 1.6 liter turbo petrol engine with a 6-speed both manual and automatic transmissions or a 7-speed DCT transmission hybrid and mild hybrid versions of the 8S that have a 1.2 liter turbo petrol engine are set to launch in the future.

## Markets

The Haima 8S is sold mainly in the Chinese market.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: Haima 8S 001.jpg
- **name**: Haima 8S
- **production**: 2019-Present
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, FF layout
- **class**: Compact crossover SUV
- **engine**: 1.6 L turbo Inline-four engine, I4 (Petrol engine, petrol)
- **transmission**: 6 speed Manual transmission, manual
6 speed Automatic transmission, automatic
- **sp**: uk
Haima 7X

The **Haima 7X** is a MPV made by Haima since 2020 it replaced the Haima F7.

## History and Features

The Haima 7X was first shown at the Guangzhou Auto Show in 2019. and was launched in August 2020. the 7X was designed by the Italian design house Pininfarina. the MPV's design was inspired by the concept Haima VF00 shown at the Auto China in April 2018. it has seven seats and a 1.6 liter turbo petrol engine with a 6-speed automatic transmission.

## Markets

The Haima 7X is sold mainly in the Chinese market but it was showcased at the Auto Expo in Greater Noida in 2020 previewing a possible future entry of Haima and 7X's sale in the Indian market.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Haima 7X
- **image**: Haima 7X IMG001.jpg
- **caption**: Haima 7X
- **manufacturer**: Haima Automobile
- **production**: 2020–present
- **class**: Minivan (M-segment, M)
- **body style**: 5-door Multi-purpose vehicle, MPV
- **designer**: Yuan Wang at Pininfarina
- **engine**: 1.6 L turbo engine
- **transmission**: 6-speed automatic transmission
- **predecessor**: Haima F7
Hawtai

**Hawtai Motor Group** is a Chinese automobile brand headquartered in Beijing. it was founded in 2000. and is currently owned by Zhang Xiugen a Chinese businessman since 2011 it currently makes SUVS and Sedans from it had a joint venture with Hyundai to make Hyundai's cars in China this lasted from 2002 to 2010 but currently Hawtai keeps using some of Hyundai's technology. it has production facilities in Ordos and Rongcheng.

## Models

EV:

- Shengdafei 2 XEV360
- Shengdafei 5 XEV260
- Shengdafei 5 XEV480
- Shengdafei 7 XEV520
- Lusheng S1 iEV360
- Lusheng S1 EV160B
- Lusheng S1 EV160R
- Lusheng S5 iEV230

ICE:

- Shengdafei 5
- Shengdafei 7
- Lusheng S5

Discontinued:

- B11 (1.8 and 2.0 litre)
- B21/E70 (2.0L Mitsubishi 4G63 & 4G94D, 1.5L turbocharged)
- Bolgheri (1.8 and 2.0 litre)
- Shengdafei (1.8 and 2.0 litre)
- Terracan (2.4 litre)

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Hawtai Motor Group
- **foundation**: Rongcheng, Shandong, Rongcheng, Shandong, China, 2000
- **location**: Beijing, China
- **key people**: Richard Zhang (Vice President)
- **products**: SUVs, sedans
- **owner**: Zhāng Xiùgēn (张秀根)
- **area served**: China
- **homepage**: [http://en.hawtaimotor.com Hawtai Motor]


## Infobox (chinese)

- **t**: 華泰
- **s**: 华泰
- **p**: Huátài
- **altname**: Trading name
- **order**: st
Salihu Dembos

**Salihu  Dembos** born on (27th August 1960) is a Nigerian broadcasting Journalist and Director General of Nigerian Television Authority (NTA).

## Background

Salihu  Dembos born on 27th August 1960, hails from Yola South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, He obtained a Higher National Diploma in Marketing from Kaduna Polytechnic. Attended Mandatory National Youth Service in Akwa Ibom 1989, hold a Post graduate diploma from Ahmadu Bello University.

## Career

Salihu  Dembos joined the Nigerian Television Authority as an Announcer in NTA Kaduna, he is the General Manager, NTA Lokoja and NTA Kano. He was appointed the Ag. Zonal Director NTA Kaduna Network Centre, retired on 31st March 2017. President Muhammad Buhari appointed him Executive Director Marketing Nigerian Television Authority. On 21st September 2022 President Muhammad Buhari appointed him as the 12th Director General Nigerian Television Authority and reappointed by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu on October 2023. He is the former National President Radio Television, Theater and Art Workers Union.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Salihu  Dembos
- **title**: Director General Nigerian Television Authority
- **term start**: 2022
- **title2**: Executive Director Marketing Nigerian Television Authority
- **term start2**: 2017
- **birth place**: Adamawa State
- **alma mater**: Kaduna Polytechnic, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
- **profession**: Journalist, Entrepreneur
Mutlaq bin Muhammad Al-Mutairi

**Mutlaq bin Muhammad Al-Mutairi** was one of the most prominent leaders of First Saudi State. Mutlaq was the leader of the Saudi armies in Oman and was known for being a brave fighter. He stayed in Oman and invaded many cities until he was killed in battle by Omanis.

## Notable feats

Mutlaq was able to subjugate Oman to the first Saudi state. He also built palaces, roads, and increased farming in the region. The first notable information we find in history about Mutlaq is that when the Saudi forces invaded the Omani Empire. He is widely known for the **Battle of Izki** in which he and his troops defeated the Qajar Empire and Omani Empire.

## Death

Mutlaq was killed in the Battle of Bidiyah in which he was killed by the Omani forces lead by Imam Azzan bin Qais.

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **religion**: Sunni Islam
- **name**: Mutlaq bin Muhammad Al-Mutairi
- **birth place**: Najd Saudi Arabia
- **death date**: 1813
- **known for**: Saudi invasion of Oman
- **main interests**: Wahhabism
- **title**: Emir
- **nationality**: Arab
- **native name**: مطلق بن محمد المطيري
- **battles**: Battle of Izki
Battle of Bidiyah
- **allegiance**: Saudi Arabia
Ohms

**Ohms** is the ninth studio album by the American band "Deftones".
Aad Vlaar

**A. J. "Aad" Vlaar** (23 December 1934 – 18 February 2025) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served among others as the mayor of Wervershoof (1969-1975) and tha mayor of Venhuizen (1986-2000).

## Biography

Vlaar was born on 23 December 1934 in Purmerend. After being a social worker at the provincial development agency in Haarlem he became alderman of the Blokker municipality. In December 1969 he was appointed mayor of Wervershoof succeeding Jan Reijnen. On 1 June 1975, he was honorably discharged. Shortly after he became chairman of the Samenwerkingsorgaan Westfriesland (SOW) where he would remain until May 1986 when  succeeded him. A few months later Vlaar became the mayor of Venhuizen. In 1991, he was involved in the recovery of World War II weapons from the IJsselmeer of a crashed airplane. He retired in January 2000 and was succeeded by Roy Ho Ten Soeng.

Vlaar was married to Ellen van Deventer. After his wife died, Vlaar died in Zwaag on 18 February 2025, at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Image of Vlaar during his farewell in 1999
- Portrait photo of Vlaar (c. 1976)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aad Vlaar
- **birth name**: A. J. Vlaar
- **birth place**: Purmerend, Netherlands
- **death place**: Zwaag, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **occupation**: politician
David Boren

**David Lyle Boren** (April 21, 1941 – February 20, 2025) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979. He was a member of the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994.

In 1996, Reform Party presidential candidate Ross Perot wanted Boren to be his vice-presidential running mate, however Boren declined.

He was the 13th and second-longest serving president of the University of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2018. After his resignation, he was accused of sexual harassment by former staff members and students of the university.

In 2017, he had heart bypass surgery and he had a minor stroke in 2018. After the 2019 sexual harassment allegations, Boren retired from public life.

Boren died at his home in Newcastle, Oklahoma from problems caused by diabetes on February 20, 2025, at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Boren, David
- Voices of Oklahoma interview with David L. Boren. First person interview conducted on March 24, 2016, with David L. Boren.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David Boren
- **image**: Senator David Boren (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 13th President of the University of Oklahoma
- **term start**: December 1, 1994
- **term end**: June 30, 2018
- **predecessor**: Richard L. Van Horn
- **successor**: James L. Gallogly
- **office1**: Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board
- **president1**: Barack Obama
- **term start1**: October 28, 2009
- **term end1**: February 27, 2013
- **alongside1**: Chuck Hagel
- **predecessor1**: Stephen Friedman (PFIAB), Steve Friedman
- **successor1**: Shirley Ann Jackson
Jami Miscik
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Oklahoma
- **term start2**: January 3, 1979
- **term end2**: November 15, 1994
- **predecessor2**: Dewey F. Bartlett
- **successor2**: Jim Inhofe
- **order3**: 21st Governor of Oklahoma
- **lieutenant3**: George Nigh
- **term start3**: January 13, 1975
- **term end3**: January 3, 1979
- **predecessor3**: David Hall (Oklahoma governor), David Hall
- **successor3**: George Nigh
- **state house4**: Oklahoma
- **district4**: 28th
- **term start4**: January 1967
- **term end4**: November 1974
- **predecessor4**: Raymond Reed
- **successor4**: Jeff Johnston
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **death place**: Newcastle, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2, including Dan Boren, Dan
- **father**: Lyle Boren
- **relatives**: Boren family
- **education**: Yale University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Balliol College, Oxford (Master of Philosophy, MPhil)
University of Oklahoma (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **serviceyears**: 1963–1974
- **rank**: Captain (United States O-3), Captain
- **unit**: Oklahoma Army National Guard
Office of the National Cyber Director

The **Office of the National Cyber Director** is an agency in the United States Government responsible for advising the President of the United States on issues related to cybersecurity. It was created in 2021.

## Background

The role of National Cyber Director was created under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 on the recommendation of the Cyberspace Solarium Commission. They work within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. They are in charge with "programs and policies intended to improve the cybersecurity posture of the United States, ... diplomatic and other efforts to develop norms and international consensus around responsible state behavior in cyberspace".

## List of National Cyber Directors

|No.|Portrait|Officeholder|Term start|Term end|Days|colspan="2"|President||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||John C. Inglis||||rowspan="4" style="background: ;"||rowspan="4"|Joe Biden|
||Kemba Walden (Acting)||||||||
||Drenan Dudley (Acting)||||||||
||Harry Coker||||||||
|colspan=5|_Vacant_|rowspan="4" style="background: ;"||rowspan="4"|Donald Trump||||
||Sean Cairncross|colspan="3"|TBD||||||

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Office of the National Cyber Director
- **seal**: Seal of the Office of the National Cyber Director.svg
- **headquarters**: Eisenhower Executive Office Building
- **budget**: $21 million
- **chief1 name**: Vacant
- **chief1 position**: National Cyber Director
- **parent agency**: Executive Office of the President of the United States, Executive Office of the President
Harry Coker

**Harry Coker** is an American lawyer and national security expert. He has been the acting Maryland Secretary of Commerce since 2025. He was the National Cyber Director from 2023 to 2025 and as the executive director of the National Security Agency from 2017 to 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Harry Coker
- **image**: Harry Coker.jpg
- **office**: Secretary of the Maryland Department of Commerce
- **status**: Acting
- **governor**: Wes Moore
- **term start**: February 5, 2025
- **predecessor**: Kevin Anderson
- **office1**: 2nd Office of the National Cyber Director, United States National Cyber Director
- **president1**: Joe Biden
- **term start1**: December 15, 2023
- **term end1**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor1**: John C. Inglis
- **successor1**: Sean Cairncross
 (nominee)
Kemba Walden

**Kemba Eneas Walden** is an American lawyer and politician. She was the acting National Cyber Director in 2023. She joined the Office of the National Cyber Director as its principal deputy in May 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kemba Walden
- **image**: Acting_National_Cyber_Director_Kemba_Walden.jpg
- **office**: Office of the National Cyber Director, United States National Cyber Director
- **status**: Acting
- **term start**: February 15, 2023
- **term end**: November 17, 2023
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **predecessor**: John C. Inglis
- **successor**: Drenan Dudley (acting)
- **education**: Hampton University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
 Princeton University (Master of Public Affairs, MPA)
Georgetown University (Juris Doctorate, JD)
Sean Cairncross

**Sean Stuart Cairncross** (born July 12, 1974) is an American politician, lawyer and businessman. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## Early life

Cairncross was born in Ramsey, Minnesota. His family was raised as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He studied at University of Cambridge and at New York University School of Law.

## Career

Cairncross was the chief executive officer of the Millennium Challenge Corporation from 2019 to 2020. He was a senior adviser to U.S. President Donald Trump during his first presidency. He was the chief operating officer for the Republican National Committee.

## National Cyber Director

Cairncross was nominated by President Donald Trump to be the National Cyber Director on February 11, 2025.

## Other websites

- Biography at Millennium Challenge Corporation
- Washington Post
- CNN

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sean Cairncross
- **image**: Sean S. Cairncross.jpg
- **office1**: Chief Executive Officer of the Millennium Challenge Corporation
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: June 24, 2019
- **term end1**: January 20, 2021
- **successor1**: Mahmoud Bah (acting)
- **birth name**: Sean Stuart Cairncross
- **birth place**: Ramsey, Minnesota, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of Cambridge
New York University, New York University School of Law
- **office**: Office of the National Cyber Director, United States National Cyber Director
- **predecessor**: Harry Coker
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **status**: Nominee
- **term start**: TBD
Jonathan McKernan

**Jonathan P. McKernan** is an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the board of directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) from 2023 to 2025. McKernan is a member of the Republican Party.

## Early life

McKernan studied at the University of Tennessee. He earned a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in economics there. He later went to Duke University School of Law. He received a Juris Doctor there.

## Career

McKernan began as a banking lawyer and worked for Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale, Dorr LLP and Hogan Lovells US LLP. In 2017, he became an aide to U.S. Senator Bob Corker. He later worked at the United States Department of the Treasury.

In October 2019, he was named senior counsel for policy at the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). He later was a counsel to Senator Pat Toomey.

### FDIC tenure

In September 2022, McKernan was nominated by President Joe Biden to serve on the board of directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as part of the Republican minority. He was sworn in as a member of the board of directors on January 5, 2023. He announced his resignation from the FDIC on February 10, 2025, stating that his term had expired.

## Director of the CFPB

On February 11, 2025, President Donald Trump nominated McKernan to be the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).

On May 9, 2025, President Trump withdrew McKernan's name from serving as director of the CFPB and submitted his nomination to serve as the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance.

## References

|-

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jonathan McKernan
- **image**: File:Jonathan McKernan, FDIC Director.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2023
- **office**: Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance
- **status**: Nominee
- **term start**: TBD
- **succeeding**: Nellie Liang
- **predecessor**: Rohit Chopra
- **office1**: Member of the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- **term start1**: January 5, 2023
- **term end1**: February 10, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Jelena McWilliams
- **successor1**: _Vacant_
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of Tennessee (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA)
 Duke University (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **president1**: Joe Biden
Donald Trump
- **president**: Donald Trump
Gohel Koli

The **Gohel Koli** (also spelled as **Gohil Koli**) is a clan (Gotra, Kutumb) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union Territory of Daman and Diu and nearby. Gohel Kolis drived their name from the Gohelwar region of Saurashtra in Gujarat.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Gohel Koli
- **local name**: ગોહેલ કોલી
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Daman and Diu
*Gujarat
- **varna**: Agriculturist
- **surnames**: *Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Gujarati language, Gujarati
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **branches**: *Khasia Koli
*Mer Kolis
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Gujarat
Peter Jason

**Peter Jason** (July 22, 1944 – February 20, 2025) was an American actor. He played Con Stapleton in the series _Deadwood_. He voiced Sergeant Dornan in the video game _Fallout 2_.

Jason died on February 20, 2025 in West Hollywood, California from cancer at the age of 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peter Jason
- **image**: Peter Jason, DOD.jpg
- **caption**: Jason in November 2006
- **birth place**: Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **death place**: West Hollywood, California, West Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1967–2025
2025 Bukavu offensive

The **2025 Bukavu offensive** was a military operation done by M23 rebels in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It focused on the capture of Bukavu, the provincial capital of South Kivu. This military campaign began in February 2025, after the group's successful capture of Goma in the neighboring North Kivu province, and ended with the M23 rebels’ successful capture of Bukavu just over a week later.
Mahamoud Ali Youssouf

**Mahamoud Ali Youssouf** (born 2 September 1965) is a Djiboutian politician who has been the 5th and current Chairperson of the African Union Commission since 2025. He was the Djiboutian Foreign Minister from 2005 until 2025. He held this office the longest than any other foreign minister.

In April 2024, he was nominated by Djibouti for the role of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission. On 15 February 2025, he won the election in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, after seven rounds of voting. He defeated former Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **native name**:

- **image**: Mahamoud Ali Youssouf (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Youssouf in 2015
- **order**: 5th
- **office**: Chairperson of the African Union Commission
- **term start**: 13 March 2025
- **predecessor**: Moussa Faki
- **office2**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Djibouti), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start2**: 22 May 2005
- **term end2**: 1 April 2025
- **president2**: Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
- **predecessor2**: Ali Abdi Farah
- **successor2**: Abdoulkader Houssein Omar
- **birth place**: Djibouti City, French Somaliland (now Djibouti)
- **party**: People's Rally for Progress
- **alma mater**: Lumière University Lyon 2
Marian Turski

**Marian Turski** (born **Moshe Turbowicz**; 26 June 1926 – 18 February 2025) was a Polish-Jewish historian, journalist and Holocaust survivor. He was the editor-in-chief of _Sztandar Młodych_.

From 1942 he was in the Łódź Ghetto. His father and brother were murdered after selection. From there, in August 1944, he was deported to German Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. He survived forced evacuation of the camp, the Death March of January 1945, from Auschwitz to Wodzisław Śląski, from which he was transported to KL Buchenwald.

Turski died in Warsaw, Poland on 18 February 2025, at the age of 98.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marian Turski
- **image**: 2023.08.26. Marian Turski Fot Mariusz Kubik 08.JPG
- **image caption**: Turski in 2023
- **birth name**: Moshe Turbowicz
- **birth place**: Druskieniki, Second Polish Republic, Poland
- **death place**: Warsaw, Poland
- **nationality**: Polish
- **occupation**: Journalist
Sultanpuri Koli

The **Sultanpuri Koli** (also spelled as **Sultanpure Koli**) is a clan (Gotra, Kutumb) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and nearby. Sultanpuri Kolis drived their name from the Sultanpur village in Himachal Pradesh.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Sultanpuri Koli
- **local name**: सुलतानपूरी
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir
*Himachal Pradesh
- **varna**: Agriculturist
- **surnames**: *Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **language**: *Koli language
*Pahari language
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **branches**: *Kashyap Koli
*Shandil Koli
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Himachal Pradesh
Bhadel Koli

The **Bhadel Koli** (also spelled as **Badhel Koli**) is a clan (Gotra, Kutumb) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and nearby.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Bhadel Koli
- **local name**: भदेल कोली
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Rajasthan
- **varna**: Agriculturist
- **surnames**: *Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **language**: *Koli language
*Pahari language
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **branches**: *Kashyap Koli
*Shandil Koli
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Himachal Pradesh
Sabale Koli

The **Sabale Koli** (also spelled as **Sable Koli**, **Sabla Koli**, **Savale Koli** and **Savle Koli**) is a clan (Gotra, Kutumb) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Sabale Kolis were Agriculturist by profession and served in Maratha Empire and one of the Maval (fort) in Bavan Maval was under their control. Sable Kolis of Maharashtra rebelled against the British rule under their Koli leader Krishna Sable and his son Maruti Sable because of the loss of their land by the British government's policies and laws.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Sabale Koli
- **local name**: साबळे कोळी
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Maharashtra
*Karnataka
*Goa
- **varna**: Agriculturist
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Maharashtra
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **branches**: *Sable Koli
*Savale Koli
*Savle Koli
*Sabla Koli
- **language**: *Koli language
*Marathi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **surnames**: Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)
Sangam literature

The **Tamil Sangam Literature** Is a literature in Tamil in the most famous place called madurai (the old madurai).

It was the oldest literature written by poets.It was  written in the period know as Sangam age ,which lasted  from 300BC to 300 AD.

This book is about Tamil grammar and rhetoric.

## History

This early literature has been produced by three chankams, or literature academic in madurai  India from the 1st century to the 4th century.The Tolkppiyam and the eight ettuttokai  of poetry was completed by  ainkurunuru,kuruntokai ,narrinai,akananuru,kalittoka , patiruppattu , puranananru and paripatal. The ninth  anthology,pattupattu, consist of 10 idylls that present acpicture of early Tamil life.

### litearture

These poems where focused in two main topics,

• those with first five collection of love (akam)

• herosium (puram)

•also paise of kings

Many poems including herosium have great freshness and singularity free literature.There are many Sangam poems in ancient Tamil language.paripatalalso have  collection of 70 poems of which 22 remain having full inscription today. It  also consist poem of tirumal,murugan and the river vaiyai (consider as goddess).the rest of 48 inscription or poems where destroyed by cyclone fengal,which broke  India and Sri Lanka istamus and   2004 tsunami.

This also shows the rich culture and heritage of madurai. These Sangam where composed and compiled in assamblies known as sangams.

### poems

_as they carry the white paddy of their land_

_to exchange it for salt of another,_

_crossing the long roads in carts_

_through sands with moonlight,_

_taking whole families ,_

_tne departure of the salt merchants_

_leave  the city empty._
Tomatillo

The **tomatillo** (_Physalis philadelphica_ and _Physalis ixocarpa_), also known as the **Mexican husk tomato**, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical, and green or green-purple fruit of the same name. Tomatillos originated in Mexico and were cultivated in the pre-Columbian era. A staple of Mexican cuisine, they are eaten raw and cooked in a variety of dishes, particularly salsa verde. The tomatillo is a perennial plant, but is generally grown for agriculture each year as if it were an annual.
Calamba Island

**Calamba Island**,  known widely as _Wonder Island Calamba_, is an islet in the middle of Laguna de Bay. It is part of two barangays, _Lingga_ and _Palingon_ in Calamba City, the provincial capital of Laguna 54 kilometers south of _Metro Manila_. Foremost among its attractions is a 360-degree view of the freshwater lake.

## Etymology of Calamba

The name _"Calamba"_ is derived from the Tagalog word, _kalamba_, meaning a wide-mouthed earthen jar (also called _balanga_ or _banga_).

## Other websites

- _Calamba Island on Geonames_ 
- _Calamba Island on Mapy_ 

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Calamba Island
- **etymology**: kalamba, earthen jar
- **image name**: Susong Dalaga LB.JPG
- **map**: Philippines
- **map caption**: Location within the Philippines
- **map relief**: yes
- **location**: Laguna de Bay
- **country**: Philippines
- **country admin divisions title**: Region
- **country admin divisions**: Calabarzon
- **country admin divisions title 1**: Province
- **country admin divisions 1**: Laguna
- **country admin divisions title 3**: City
- **country admin divisions 3**: City of Calamba
Mickey 17

***Mickey 17*** is a 2025 American South Korean science fiction comedy movie directed by Bong Joon-ho and was based on the 2022 novel _Mickey7_ by Edward Ashton.

## Cast

It stars Robert Pattinson, Naomi Ackie, Mark Ruffalo, Toni Collette, Steven Yeun, Angus Imrie and was distributed by Warner Bros..
Ferd Hugas

**Ferdinand Hendrik Johannes "Ferd" Hugas** (14 May 1937 – 3 February 2025) was a Dutch actor and screenwriter.

In the 1960 he founded together with among others Paul van Vliet the theatre . As a stage actor he played in among others in plays of Annie M.G Schmidt. As actor he played in dozens of television series, including _De Zevensprong_, _Q & Q_, _Willem van Oranje_ and _Medisch Centrum West_. He was also a voice actor.

Hugas died in The Hague on 3 February 2025, at the age of 87.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ferd Hugas
- **image**: De lachende scheerkwast - Ferd Hugas 1.png
- **caption**: Hugas in 1981
- **birth name**: Ferdinand Hendrik Johannes Hugas
- **birth place**: The Hague, Netherlands
- **death place**: The Hague, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **occupation**: actor and screenwriter
Carel Weeber

**Carlos José Maria "Carel" Weeber ** (3 December 1937 – 2 February 2025) was a Dutch architect.

## Biography

At a very young age he moved with his family to Curaçao. In 1955 he returned to the Netherlands. He studied Architecture at the Delft University of Technology. In 1966, shortly after finishing his studies, he won the Prix de Rome for Architecture with a plan for a new Amsterdam Centraal station. He designed several colossal buildings including the  in The Hague and  in Rotterdam. In a survey by _de Volkskrant_ in 1997, he was voted the 'worst architect' in the Netherlands by fellow architects.

Weeber died in Leuven on 2 February 2025, at the age of 87 from Alzheimer's disease.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carel Weeber
- **image**: Carel_Weeber_(1983).jpg
- **caption**: Weeber in 1983
- **birth name**: Carlos José Maria "Carel" Weeber
- **birth place**: Nijmegen, Netherlands
- **death place**: Leuven, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **occupation**: architect
Once in a Lifetime (Talking Heads song)

"**Once in a Lifetime**" is a 1981 song by Talking Heads and was taken from their fourth studio album _Remain in Light_. It went to number 16 in Ireland, number 14 in the United Kingdom, number 24 in the Netherlands and number 28 in Canada. The live version went to number 91 in the United States and number 15 in New Zealand.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Once in a Lifetime
- **caption**: Cover art of UK 7-inch and 12-inch vinyl singles
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Talking Heads
- **album**: Remain in Light
- **b-side**: * "Seen and Not Seen"
* "Crosseyed and Painless"
* "Listening Wind"
- **released**: January 1981
- **recorded**: July–August 1980
- **studio**: * Compass Point Studios, Compass Point, Nassau, Bahamas, Nassau
* Sigma Sound Studios, New York City, Sigma Sound, New York City
- **genre**: New wave music, New wave, Rock music, rock, art pop
- **length**: 4:19
- **label**: Sire Records, Sire
- **writer**: * David Byrne
* Brian Eno
* Chris Frantz
* Jerry Harrison
* Tina Weymouth
- **producer**: Brian Eno
- **prev title**: Crosseyed and Painless
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: Houses in Motion
- **next year**: 1980
Mayurjhalia

**Mayurajhalia**, (also written as
**Mayurjhalia**),is a Grama Panchayat in the Ranapur block of the Nayagarh district in Odisha, India. The village is located 15 kilometers away from Ranpur, which is the sub-district headquarters. The village comprises three sub-villages: Borabarjhar, Hariharpur, and Jokagadia.

Mayurjhalia's temples include the Maa Sulia Thakurani Devi Temple, the Jagannath Temple, the Sidheswari Temple, the Mukteswar Temple, the Shree Ram Temple.

### Borabarjhar and Hariharpur

Borabarjhar, also part of village Hariharpur, both villages are same both villages come in one area is a village part of the Mayurjhalia is part of Panchayat is located in the block of Ranpur, and Nayagarh district of Odisha, India.

### Jokagadia

Jokagadia, is a small village was Mayurjhalia is part of Panchayat is located in the block of Ranpur, and Nayagarh district of Odisha, India.  It includes some castes such as some families Brahmin and one families Mali.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mayurajhalia
- **native name**: **ମୟୁରଝଲିଆ**
- **native name lang**: Oriya, ଓଡ଼ିଆ
- **other name**: Mayurjhalia, **Borabarjhar**, **Jokagadia**
- **settlement type**: Village In Odisha
- **image skyline**: Ranapur Jagannath Temple 15.JPG
- **image caption**: Raj-Ranpur, Ranapur Jagannath Temple
- **pushpin map**: India Odisha#India
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Odisha, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Odisha
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Nayagarh district, Nayagarh
- **founder**: Ramesh Chandra Panda
- **named for**: Mayurajhalia
- **governing body**: Ranpur Assembly constituency, Ranpur Assembly Constituency
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area footnotes**: Village
- **population total**: 5064
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Oriya language, Oriya
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 752025
- **registration plate**: OD-02
- **official name**: Mayurjhalia
Chief information officer

A **Chief Information Officer** (CIO for short) is the most senior job title given to the person in a company responsible for IT and computer systems within the business.

For example, this might include setting the IT strategy, managing IT budgets and looking after all technology used by the company. The role is a leadership position, meaning that the CIO will also often play a role in decisions that affect the whole company and its strategy.
Shadow Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The **Shadow Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom** is a high ranking position in the Shadow Cabinet. It was created in December 2005 as the **Senior Member of the Shadow Cabinet**.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Shadow Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- **incumbent**: _Vacant_
- **incumbentsince**: 5 November 2024
- **department**: Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom), Shadow Cabinet
- **appointer**: Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom), Leader of the Opposition
- **formation**: 6 December 2005
- **first**: William Hague
Arjan Koli and Hari Koli

The **Arjan Koli** and **Hari Koli** were two Koli cousins from Dhari town of Amreli district in Baroda State during the reign of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad. They were agriculturist by profession and were honoured in the Baroda State Darbar with the title of “_Brave Boys of Dhari, Amreli”_ for saving the life of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad from the lion in the jungle of Vadodara.

In 1933, His Highness Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad 3rd of Princely state of Baroda (Vadodara) went to the forest for hunting. The Arjan Koli and Hari Koli also went to see the hunting of Sayajirao Gaekwad. Arjan Koli and Hari Koli both Koli brothers hides in the busses and watching the Maharaja's hunting. Maharaja targeted a lion and fired at the lion but the target was failed. Now Sayajirao Gaekwad was in danger and lion attacked the Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad and Maharaj was full of diapne. Meanwhile, the Arjan Koli and Hari Koli both Koli brothers came to fight against lion and killed the lion with their Katar (Small Sword) and saved the life of Sayajirao Gaekwad of Princely State of Baroda. After that, Maharaja Gaekwad was impressed that both Koli brothers are powerful then lion. Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad invited the Arjan Koli and Hari Koli in his Khula Raj Darbar (Court) and honoured the Arjan Koli and Hari Koli for saving his life. In this royal honour, Sayajirao Gaekwad awarded the Arjan Koli and Hari Koli with the title of The Brave Hunting Boys. After that, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad erected the statues of both Koli brothers Arjan Koli and Hari Koli in the royal garden (Kamati Baug) of Baroda State so as to know the peoples about Arjan Koli and Hari Koli the Brave Hunting Boys who saved the life of His Highness Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad Of Princely State of Baroda.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Brave boys of Dhari, Amreli
- **name**: Arjan Koli & Hari Koli
- **honorific suffix**: Saviour of Maharaja of Baroda State
- **image**: Statues of the brave hunting boys Arjan Koli and Hari Koli of Dhari of Amreli district in Gujarat.jpg
- **caption**: Statues of Arjan Koli (left) and Hari Koli (right) in Sayaji Baug of Vadodara, Gujarat
- **native name**: અર્જન કોલી અને હરી કોલી
- **other names**: Brave boys of Dhari (Amreli)
- **birth name**: *Arjan Koli
*Hari Koli
- **birth place**: Hari Koli born in Shukhpur village and Arjan Koli born in Dalkhaniya village, Dhari tehsil, Amreli district, Baroda State, British India
- **occupation**: Agriculturist
- **era**: British era
- **employer**: Maharaja of Baroda state
- **known for**: Life saving of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad from the lion
- **title**: Brave hunting boy
- **honours**: Both Koli brothers were honoured in open Darbar by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad for their braveheart fight against lion and the saving the life
Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)

**Salisbury** is a parliament constituency in the United Kingdom. It is located in the county of Wiltshire in the south west.

## Infobox (uk constituency main)

- **name**: Salisbury
- **parliament**: uk
- **year**: 1918
- **type**: County
- **mp**: John Glen (politician), John Glen
- **party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **region**: England
- **county**: Wiltshire
- **european**: South West England
- **towns**: Salisbury
- **elects howmany**: One
- **year2**: 1295
- **abolished2**: 1918
- **type2**: Borough
- **elects howmany2**: 1295–1885: Two
1885–1918: One
- **image2**:
- **caption2**: Boundary in southwest England
I Am Bread

***I Am Bread*** is a platform video game developed and published by Bossa Studios on 9 April 2015. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, iOS, PlayStation 4, Ouya, Xbox One, and Android. It was removed from Google Play in January 2020.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: I Am Bread
- **developer**: Bossa Studios
- **publisher**: Bossa Studios
- **engine**: Unity (game engine), Unity
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
U.S. Games

**U.S. Games Corporation** was an American company that made video games. Until 1981, it created handheld electronic sports games. It was bought by cereal company Quaker Oats in 1982 to compete with Parker Brothers (which was then owned by rival company General Mills) in the video game market and so they could use the Fisher-Price brand name. U.S. Games released 14 video games, starting with _Space Jockey_ in January 1982. They named themselves **Vidtec** for some of their earlier games.

U.S. Games wanted to make quality, licensed games for families, as Parker Brothers had released many popular games in 1982, including _Frogger_ and _The Empire Strikes Back_. However, U.S. Games did not sell many copies of their games, and was closed during the video game crash of 1983, before it could use its new Pink Panther license. "None of our games became a hit," said spokesman Ronald Bottrell. "Instead of pouring in a lot more capital, we decided to drop it".

U.S. Games is known for being an attempt by a non-technology company to produce video games.

## Released games

In order of product number:
- _Space Jockey_
- _Sneak 'n Peek_
- _Word Zapper_
- _Commando Raid_
- _Name This Game_
- _Towering Inferno_
- _M.A.D._
- _Gopher_
- _Squeeze Box_
- _Eggomania_
- _Picnic_
- _Piece o' Cake_
- _Raft Rider_
- _Entombed_

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: U.S. Games
- **logo**: U.S. Games wordmark.svg
- **industry**: Video games
- **fate**: Dissolved
- **founder**: Donald Yu
- **hq location city**: Santa Clara, California
- **hq location country**: United States
Missouri State Bears and Lady Bears

**Missouri State Bears and Lady Bears** are athletic teams representing the Missouri State University. The programs began back in 1908. Missouri State competes in NCAA Division I, and is now in the second and final year of its transition from the Football Championship Subdivision to the Football Bowl Subdivision. The school joined Conference USA in July 2025. All Missouri State women's teams use the "Lady Bears" nickname except  beach volleyball, which uses "Beach Bears".

The Missouri State University also has soccer, diving, the women’s sports and swimming.
Chex Mix

**Chex Mix** (stylized as **Chex mix**) is a type of snack mix that includes Chex breakfast cereal (sold by General Mills) as a major component.

There are many recipes (often printed on Chex cereal boxes) for homemade Chex Mix, also known as **Chex Party Mix**, which predates the commercial version by thirty years. Though contents vary, the mixes generally include an assortment of Chex cereals, chips, hard breadsticks, pretzels, nuts or bagel bites. There are also commercially sold pre-made varieties of Chex Mix sold by the maker of Chex Cereals.

## Related pages

- Trail mix
VDL SB200

The **VDL SB200** is a single decker chassis of a bus. It has a low floor. It was made from 2001 to 2014 by DAF Bus and then VDL Bus & Coach.

The VDL SB200 chassis was built on the VDL Berkhof Ambassador bodywork, VDL Citea LLE bodywork, Wright Commander bodywork.

### United Kingdom

Arriva UK ordered 704 SB200s.

Tellings-Golden Miller ordered 30 SB200s.

John Fishwick & Sons ordered 23 SB200s.

One SB200 was built with MCV Evolution bodywork in 2012, It was a demonstrator for Arriva Bus & Coach, In 2014, it was sold to Richards Brothers in Wales.

### Netherlands

Connexxion (including Hermes), Veolia Transport and Arriva Netherlands ordered SB200s.

## Other websites

- SB 200 product guide VDL Bus & Coach

## Infobox (uk bus)

- **name**: VDL SB200
- **image**: Arriva Buses Wales Cymru 2509 CX05AAE (8717629082).jpg
- **caption**: Arriva Buses Wales VDL SB200 with Wright Commander bodywork in Llandudno in May 2013
- **manufacturer**: VDL Bus & Coach, DAF / VDL
- **production**: Eindhoven, Netherlands
- **assembly**: 2001 - 2014 (LHD), 2001 - present (RHD)
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low floor
- **doors**: 1-2
- **related**: VDL SB120, VDL SB180
- **engine**: Cummins B Series engine, Cummins ISBe Series 6.7L (Euro 4 - 6)
- **powerout**: 225hp/255hp
- **transmission**: Voith DIWA, Voith DIWA.5/.5E/.6 (D854.5/D854.5E/D854.6) Auto 4-Speed , List of ZF transmissions, ZF Ecolife (6AP1000B) Auto 6-Speed
- **predecessor**: DAF SB220
Gaggenau

**Gaggenau** is a town in Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Gaggenau
- **image photo**: Gaggenau-Blick.jpg
- **image caption**: Gaggenau
- **image coa**: Wappen Gaggenau.svg
- **image plan**: Gaggenau in RA.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Karlsruhe
- **district**: Rastatt
- **elevation**: 141
- **area**: 65.05
- **postal code**: 76551–76571
- **area code**: 07225
- **licence**: RA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 2 16 015
- **divisions**: 8 districts
- **website**: [http://www.gaggenau.de/english.10460.htm www.gaggenau.de]
- **mayor**: Michael Pfeiffer
- **leader term**: 2023–31
- **party**: Independent
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
Nag Naik

The **Nag Naik** (also spelled as **Nag Nayak**, **Naga Naik** and **Nagji Koli**) was Koli chieftain of Kondhana fort (now known as Sinhgad fort) in Maharashtra during the reign of Mughal Sultan Tughluq. In 1328, Koli ruler Nag Naik was defeated by Muhammad bin Tughluq and Sinhgad fort was annexed in Mughal Empire. There was a struggle between Koli ruler Nag Naik and Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, after eight months of strong resistance by Koli chieftain, Muhammad bin Tughluq captured the fort from Nag Naik but Sultan was strongly surprised by the war tactics of Koli chieftain Nag Naik. During the rule of Koli king Nag Naik, Sinhgad fort was known as Kondhana fort.

Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq attacked at Nag Nayak Koli because Kondhana was in vicinity of Devagiri and Devagiri most important fort for Mughal Empire.

## Infobox (king)

- **name**: Nag Naik
- **title**: Raja of Kondhaha (Sinhgad fort)
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **era name**: Mughal - Maratha era
- **full name**: Koli ruler Nag Naik of Kondhana
- **birth place**: Kondhana fort, Maratha Empire
- **birth name**: Nagji Koli
- **successor**: Aurangzeb
- **reign-type**: Death
- **reign**: 1328