juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thought

**Thought** is the operation of the brain in conscious activity. It may or may not be goal-directed, aimed at solving specific problems. It is not the only way brains operate. Behaviour may occur as a result of instinct, and the adaptive unconscious may solve problems without a person being aware.

Other animals can use their brains to solve problems, but there is no way of telling whether they do so consciously. Thought is investigated by four or five academic disciplines, each in its own way. The disciplines include psychology, philosophy, biology, physiology, psychoanalysis and sociology.

## Philosophy

Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, functions, properties, and consciousness. The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, especially the brain, is a central issue in philosophy of mind.

### The mind-body problem

The mind-body problem has to do with the explanation of the relationship that exists between minds, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes. The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature of the mind and mental states/processes, and how—or even if—minds are affected by and can affect the body.

Our perceptual experiences depend on stimuli which arrive at our various sensory organs from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a hat, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem is to explain how someone's beliefs and desires can cause that individual's neurons to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from at least the time of René Descartes.

## Further reading

- Eric Baum 2004. _What is thought?_ Chapter 2: The mind is a computer program. MIT Press.

## Related page

- Argument
- Critical thinking
Dauria (movie)

***Dauria*** is a Russian 1971 historical action/drama directed by Viktor Tregubovich. Adapted from the novel of the same name by Konstantin Sedykh.

The Epic scope and intense battle scenes won wide praise in Russia.

## Plot

Russian Cossacks in Siberia live in their village like one big family. Young Cossack Roman Ulybin is in love with a beautiful girl. Roman cannot marry the beauty, because his father has no money.

After the Communist revolution in Russia, people suffer more. Traditional life ends in chaos and crime. Communism makes no happy end.

## Cast

- Arkadi Trusov as Grandfather Ulybin.
- Petr Shelokhonov as Severian Ulybin. The father of Roman.
- Vitali Solomin as Roman Ulybin. The son of Severian.
- Vera Kuznetsova as Ulybina. The wife of Severian.
- Vasili Shukshin as Vasili Ulybin, the leader of Communists.
- Yefim Kopelyan as Ataman Kargin, the leader of Cossacks village.
- Mikhail Kokshenov as Fedot, the neighbor of Ulybins.
- Yuri Solomin as Semen, a Communist agent.
- Viktor Pavlov as Nikifor, a hard core Cossack.
- Svetlana Golovina as Dashutka, the love interest of Roman Ulybin.
- Zhenya Malyantsev as Roman's little brother.
- Fyodor Odinokov as Dashutka's father.
- Lyubov Malinovskaya as Dashutka's mother.
- Yuri Nazarov as a runaway prisoner.
- Vsevolod Kuznetsov as Cossack Platon Volokitin.
- Lidiya Feoseeva-Shukshina as Matchmaker.
- Zinovi Gerdt as Tsarist General Semenov.
- Georgi Shtil as Anarchist Revolutionary.
- Igor Yefimov as Cossack.
- Dmitri Masanov as Cossack.
- Vladimir Losev as Cossack.
- Sergei Polezhaev as Cossack.
- Aleksandr Demyanenko as Executioner.
- Igor Dmitriev as Executioner.

## Other websites

- Dauria cast photos: http://www.petr-shelokhonov-en.narod.ru/HTML/Dauria/fotodauria2.html, http://www.petr-shelokhonov-en.narod.ru/HTML/Dauria/fotodauria1.html, http://www.petr-shelokhonov-en.narod.ru/HTML/Dauria/fotodauria.html

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Dauria
- **director**: Viktor Tregubovich
- **writer**: Konstantin Sedykh
- **starring**: Arkadi Trusov
 Petr Shelokhonov
 Vitali Solomin
 Vera Kuznetsova
 Vasili Shukshin
 Yefim Kopelyan
- **music**: Gennadi Portnov
- **cinematography**: Yevgeni Mezentsev
- **distributor**: **- USA -**
RUSSICO
**- non-USA -**
RUSSICO
- **released**: 1971 in movies, 1971
- **runtime**: 182 min.
- **country**: Russia
- **language**: English
Skin cream

**Skin cream** could mean:
- Cream (pharmaceutical), a cream that is usually applied to the skin
- Moisturizer
Conakry

**Conakry** or **Konakry** is the capital and largest city of Guinea. The city is a port on the Atlantic Ocean. The population of Conakry is about 2 million people.

## History

Conakry was first settled on Tombo Island. It later spread to the Kaloum Peninsula. The city was founded after Britain gave the island to France in 1887. It became the capital of French Guinea in about 1904.

## Economy

Conakry is Guinea's largest city and its administrative, communications, and economic center. The main part of the city's economy deals with the port. The port has up to date facilities for handling and storing cargo. It is used for transporting alumina and bananas.  Items created in Conakry include food products and materials used for building houses.

## Things to see

Things to see in the city include the Guinea National Museum, several markets, the Guinea Palais du Peuple (the People's Palace), Conakry Grand Mosque and the nearby Iles de Los.

The city is noted for its botanical garden.  The Polytechnical Institute of Conakry is also located in Conakry.

## Infobox (city)

- **official name**: Conakry, Guinea
- **native name**: Kɔnakiri
- **image skyline**: Conakry.jpg
- **image caption**: Conakry, Guinea
- **image map**: GN-Conakry.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map of Guinea showing the location of Conakry.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Guinea
- **population as of**: 2007
- **population total**: 2,000,000
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
Cotonou

**Cotonou** is the economy capital of Benin. It is the largest city in that country. The city officially has 761,137 people, but it is thought that the actual number of people living in the city may be as high as 1.2 million. Many of the government and diplomatic services of Benin are in Cotonou. Because of this, the city is Benin's de facto capital, even though the official capital is Porto-Novo.

The city is best known as a major port because of the Autonomous Port of Cotonou. It is also home to an airport and a railway between it and Parakou. Other features of Cotonou include Cotonou Friendship Stadium, Cotonou Cathedral, Cotonou Central Mosque and the 20-hectare Dantokpa Market. The National University of Benin is in Cotonou.

## History

The name 'Cotonou' means 'the mouth of the river of death' in the Fon language. At the beginning of the 19th century, Cotonou (then spelled Kotonou) was a small fishing village. The village was a part of the Kingdom of Dahomey. In 1851, the French made a treaty with the Dahomean King Ghezo. It let them build a place to trade at Cotonou. During the reign of Glele (1858-89), who ruled after Ghezo, the area was given to France by a treaty signed on May 19, 1868. In 1883, the French navy was at the city to stop the British from taking over the area. After Glele's death in 1889, his son Behanzin tried to challenge the treaty but he failed.

## Infobox (city)

- **official name**: Cotonou
- **image map**: Benin carte.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Benin
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 19th century
- **established title2**: France, French owned
- **established date2**: May 19, 1868
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 761,137
- **utc offset**: +1
Dodoma

**Dodoma City** is the capital city of Tanzania. It is the third biggest city in the country. The city is also the capital of the Dodoma region. The city has a population of 410,956 people. The name Dodoma means "It has sunk".

## History

During German colonial rule in East Africa, the town of Dodoma was founded at the same time as the creation of the Tanzanian central railway. The British took over the city after World War I. Dodoma became an administrative center for the region until the independence of Tanzania in 1964. In 1973, plans were made to move the capital from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. Tanzania's National Assembly moved there the next year. Many government offices are still in Dar es Salaam.

## Other websites

- Dodoma Region

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dodoma
- **image skyline**: 000 1333 Dodoma Cathedral.JPG
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Dodoma Cathedral
- **image map**: Tz-map2.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: Dodoma Region, Dodoma
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Francis Mazanda
- **area land km2**: 2576
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population total**: 410956
- **population density km2**: 159.5
- **elevation m**: 1120
N'Djamena

**N'Djamena** is the capital of Chad. It is the largest city in the country.  The city is a port on the Chari River. N'Djamena is also a special statute region. It is a regional market for livestock, salt, dates, and grains.  Meat processing is the main industry. N'Djamena has a population of 721,000 people.

Attractions in the city include the Chad National Museum, a cathedral and several mosques. Religiously the city is very mixed, although many of the people there are Islamic . N'Djamena has a university, schools of administration and veterinary medicine,  and the American International School of N'Djamena. N'Djamena International Airport is located just outside the city.

## History

N'Djamena was founded as **Fort-Lamy** by the French commander Émile Gentil on May 29, 1900. It was named after Amédée-François Lamy. He was an army officer who had been killed in the Battle of Kousséri a few days earlier. The name was changed to N'Djamena (taken from the Arab name _Niǧāmīnā_, meaning _"place of rest"_) by the President François Tombalbaye on April 6, 1973.

The city was badly damaged during the Chadian Civil War, in 1979 and again in 1980. On April 13, 2006, the United Front for Democratic Change attacked the city but the attack failed.

## Other websites

- Map of N'Djamena

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: N'Djamena
- **image shield**: N'Djamena coa.svg
- **shield size**: 100px
- **image map**: Cd-map.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Chad
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: N'Djamena
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: May 22, 1900
- **established title2**: Renamed
- **established date2**: April 6, 1973
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 721,000
- **utc offset**: +1
San Jose Sharks

The **San Jose Sharks** are an ice hockey team that plays in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is based in San Jose, California and was founded on May 9th, 1990. It started playing in the NHL in autumn 1991. The team colours are pacific teal, grey, burnt orange and black. Because of this it is often called _"Team Teal"_.

The Sharks host their games at SAP Center at San Jose and are coached by Ryan Warsofsky. Before that, Todd McLellan was their coach from 2008 to 2015, and Peter DeBoer was their head coach from 2016 to 2020. Some famous players who played for the Sharks include Joe Pavelski, Joe Thornton, Jonathan Cheechoo, Rob Blake, Evgeni Nabokov, Dan Boyle, Marc-Édouard Vlasic, and Patrick Marleau.

Doug Wilson served as their general manager from 2003 to 2022.

The Sharks won their first ever Presidents' Trophy in the 2008–09 season, but would end up losing in 6 games to their rival, the Anaheim Ducks.

In the 2014 playoffs, the Sharks took on their other rival, the Los Angeles Kings, in the first round of the playoffs. The Sharks won their first three games of the series to take a 3-0 series lead. Despite leading the series with 3 wins and 0 losses, the Sharks lost 4 straight games and became only the 4th team to blow a 3-0 series lead in the Stanley Cup playoffs. The Kings would go onto win the Stanley Cup that year.

On May 25, 2016, the San Jose Sharks went to their first Stanley Cup by beating the St. Louis Blues 5-2 in 6 games but however, on June 12, 2016, they lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins which was also in 6 games.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (nhl team)

- **team name**: San Jose Sharks
- **current**: 2022–23 San Jose Sharks season
- **bg color**: background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#006D75 5px solid; border-bottom:#EA7200 5px solid;
- **text color**: #000000
- **conference**: Western Conference (NHL), Western
- **division**: Pacific Division (NHL), Pacific
- **founded**: 1991
- **history**: **San Jose Sharks**
1991–92 NHL season, 1991–present
- **arena**: **SAP Center**
- **city**: San Jose, California
- **team colors**: Deep Pacific teal, burnt orange, black

- **media affiliates**: NBC Sports California
KUFX, K-FOX (98.5 FM)
KRZZ, La Raza (93.3 FM)
- **owner**: San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises
(Hasso Plattner, governor)
- **general manager**: Mike Grier
- **head coach**: David Quinn
- **captain**: Logan Couture
- **minor league affiliates**: San Jose Barracuda (American Hockey League, AHL)
- **stanley cups**: **0**
- **conf titles**: **1** (2015–16 NHL season, 2015–16)
- **presidents' trophies**: **1** (2008–09 NHL season, 2008–09)
- **division titles**: **6** (2001–02 NHL season, 2001–02, 2003–04 NHL season, 2003–04, 2007–08 NHL season, 2007–08, 2008–09 NHL season, 2008–09, 2009–10 NHL season, 2009–10, 2010–11 NHL season, 2010–11)
Bujumbura

**Bujumbura** is the former capital city of Burundi. The city is at the northeastern corner of Lake Tanganyika. It is the largest city in the country. The city is the administrative, communications, and economic center of Burundi. Bujumbura has a population of about 324,000 people.  The city makes textiles, soap and other things. Bujumbura is Burundi's main port. It transports most of the country's main export, coffee, as well as cotton, animal skins, and tin ore.

The city center is a colonial town. It has a large market, the national stadium, a large mosque, and a cathedral. Museums in the city include the Burundi Museum of Life and the Burundi Geological Museum. Other things to see include the Rusizi National Park.

Ferries sail from Bujumbura to Kigoma in Tanzania. The city is also home to the Bujumbura International Airport and the University of Bujumbura.

## History

Bujumbura grew from a small village after it became a military post in German East Africa in 1889 . After World War I, it was made the administrative center of the Belgian controlled Ruanda-Urundi. The city's name was changed from **Usumbura** to Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962 . Since independence, Bujumbura has been the scene of much fighting between the country's two main ethnic groups, with Hutu militias fighting against the Burundi army which has many Tutsi people in it.

## Other websites

- Map of Bujumbura at fallingrain.com

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bujumbura
- **image skyline**: Bujumbura.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Bujumbura skyline
- **pushpin map**: Burundi
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Bujumbura Mairie Province
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1871
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Freddy Mbonimpa
- **area total km2**: 127
- **population as of**: 2019 census
- **population urban**: 1500000
- **population total**: 1092859
- **population density km2**: 8506
- **timezone**: Central Africa Time, CAT
- **utc offset**: +2
- **elevation m**: 774
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical savanna climate, Aw
Stem

**Stem** may refer to:

- A stem (bike) is the forward extension which connects the fork to the handlebars of a bicycle
- Scanning transmission electron microscope
- STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
- Stem (linguistics), the base part of a word not including inflectional morphemes
- Stem (music), a part of a written musical note
- Plant stem, the above ground structures that have vascular tissue and support leaves and flowers
- Stem (ship) part of a ship, the upright member mounted on the forward end of a vessel's keel, to which the strakes are attached
- Stem (skiing) is a technique in skiing
- "Stem", a song by Canadian musician Hayden from his 1995 album _Everything I Long For_
- Stem (paraphernalia) a device for smoking crack cocaine
- The Stems an Australian (garage rock/power pop) group from the 1980s
Stem (music)

**Stems** can refer to two things in music, relating to music notation and production.

## Notation

Stems are the lines which extend from the notehead. Stems may point up or down. Different-facing stems indicate the voice for polyphonic music written on the same staff. For single-note melodies, the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher, and up for those below. If the stem points up from a notehead, the stem starts at the right-hand side of the note, but if it points down, it starts from the left. The exception to this rule is when a chord contains a second, in which case the stem runs between the two notes, the higher being placed on the left of the stem and the lower on the right. The length of a stem is usually that of an octave on the staff, going to either an octave higher or lower than the notehead, depending on which way the stem is pointing.

## Production

Stems are the individual parts of a mix, separately saved (usually to disc) for the purposes of use in a remix.
Hope

**Hope** is a confidence in something wanted.  It can also mean:

## Surname

- For people surnamed Hope, see Hope (surname)_

## First names

Famous people with Hope as a first name:
- An old English girl's first name, now more popular in the USA
- Hope (Xena), a villain from Xena
- The Hope, a Clow Cards and villain from the series Cardcaptor Sakura
- Hope Clarke, an American dancer
- Hope Cooke, an American woman who became the Queen of Sikkim
- Hope Davis, an American actress
- Hope Lange, an American actress
- Hope Sandoval, an American singer
- Hope, an artificial construct created by Lex Luthor in _Lex Luthor: Man of Steel_

## Place names

- Hope College in Holland, Michigan
- Hope, Derbyshire, England
- Hope, Flintshire, Wales
- Hope, British Columbia
- Hope, New Zealand
- Hope, Quebec
- Hope, Rhode Island

- United States:
    - Hope, Alaska
    - Hope, Arkansas
    - Hope, Illinois
    - Hope, Maine
    - Hope, Michigan
    - Hope, New Mexico
    - Hope, New York
    - Hope, North Dakota

- _See also:_ Hope Island

## Things

- The Hope Diamond, a famous diamond.
- HOPE-X, the HOPE shuttle program, or the "H-II Orbiting Plane"
- Hackers On Planet Earth, a biennial conference series sponsored by hacker magazine 2600
- HOPE Worldwide, a benevolent organization
- The Hope Channel, a Christian television channel
- Hope (Doctor Who), a novel based on the television show _Doctor Who_
- _Hope (ship)_, American merchant ship circa 1800
- Hope (emotion), a belief in a positive outcome in circumstances in one's life

## Music

- _Hope (album)_, a progressive rock album by the Canadian band Klaatu
- _Hope (hip hop album)_, a hip hop album by underground rapper Sage Francis and producer Joe Beats
- _Hope_, an album by Hillsong Music Australia (2003)
- "Hope", a 1985 Descendents (band) song from the album _Milo Goes to College_
- "Hope", a Cantonese theme song for _Dae Jang Geum_ by Kelly Chen
- "Hope", a song by Avail from their 1992 album _Satiate_
- "Hope", a song by Shaggy (artist)
- "Hope", a song by Fat Freddy's Drop
- "Hope", a 1998 song by R.E.M. from their album _Up_
- "Hope (Twista song)", a 2005 song featuring Twista and R&B singer Faith Evans
- "Hope (Rush song)", a 2007 song by rock group Rush
- "Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi single)", a song by jazz pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi
    - Also the title of a Toshiko Akiyoshi album, _Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi)'' (2005)
- Hope (band), a Canadian punk rock band
- Hatikvah, Hebrew for "The Hope", the national anthem of Israel
- Hope Recordings, a record label

## Concepts

- Hope (virtue)
- Hope programming language, a small functional programming language

## Other

- **Hope** is the state motto of :Rhode Island.
Corn flakes

**Corn flakes** are a breakfast cereal, normally served with milk. It is made by combining cooked corn along with sugar, vitamins and minerals. The dough is rolled and toasted to make the flakes. Corn flakes are marketed as a popular breakfast meal. There are many brands that make corn flakes but a couple are Raisin Brand, and Frosted Flakes.
Frosted Flakes

**Frosted Flakes** (North American countries) or **Frosties** (UK, Commonwealth of Nations and EU countries) is a cereal like Corn Flakes from Kellogg's, but coated with frosted sugar. Frosted Flakes are also available with apple pieces, banana pieces or coated in chocolate. In 2004, Kellogg's introduced a 1/3 Less Sugar recipe.

Tony the Tiger has been the mascot in Frosted Flakes since it was first introduced in 1951 as **Sugar Frosted Flakes** (the word "sugar" was dropped in the mid-1970s), and he is known for saying the cereal's slogan: _"They're grrreat!"_. Tony the Tiger was originally voiced by Thurl Ravenscroft, who continued providing his voice until his death in 2005. The character is currently voiced by former professional wrestling play-by-play announcer Lee Marshall, starting in January 2006.

## Taglines

This cereal has had many taglines, but the classic, "They're grrreat!" has always been used along with the others.
- They're more than good, they're grrreat!
- They're gonna taste great!
- Bring out the tiger in you! (1980's)
- The taste adults have grown to love. (1980's - 1990's)
- Earn your stripes!
- Put a tiger on your team!
- Show the world...you've got game.
- Show your stripes!
- They're grrreat!

## Trivia

- Kellogg's was a major sponsor of _Adventures of Superman_ throughout most of the 1950s. Many of the Frosted Flakes commercials featuring the show's star George Reeves are considered classics and are available on the DVD release of the series' first season.
- Frosted Flakes has been the primary sponsor of the NASCAR Nextel Cup #5 Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet since 2000.
- The term "Frosted Flakes" can be used by any company making a similar product. However, the term "Frosties" is a registered trademark and so cannot be used by others.
- This product is called "Zucaritas" in Mexico and other Spanish-speaking countries.
- In Brazil, Frosties is called "Sucrilhos".
- Because of the not so specific slogan, it has been parodied many times, such as in Family Guy

## Other websites

- Official website of Frosted Flakes
- Official website of Frosties
- Advert on _The Link Portal_
- Nutrition facts for Frosted Flakes
- Frosted Flakes Cereal Science Report
Cowley, Wyoming

**Cowley** is a town in the American state of Wyoming.  It is in Big Horn County in northern Wyoming.

## History

The town of Cowley was settled by a group of Mormon followers in Wyoming's Big Horn Basin. The town was named for Matthias F. Cowley, one of the Apostles of the Mormon church at the time. The first group of Mormons got to the area May 2, 1900. When they got there, they started building the Sidon Canal to bring water to the town from the Shoshone River. The Canal was over 30 miles long. They finished building it in 1904.

By the end of 1900 there were about 18 log houses built in the area. The first school was opened in a log house in January 1901. There were about 24-30 students.

On September 26, 1910, the Big Horn Academy was opened in Cowley. It was the area's first High School. The first class to be graduated from the Big Horn Academy was the class of 1912. It had 13 students.

A new stone building was made for the Big Horn Academy in 1916. In 1925 the name was changed to the Cowley High School. The mascot of the school was the Jaguars. The Cowley High School remained in the Big Horn Academy building until 1983, when the last class was graduated from Cowley High School. There were only six students in the class of 1983. Because of the small number of students, the school in Cowley was closed. Beginning in 1984, the town's students began attending the consolidated Rocky Mountain High School in Byron, Wyoming.

## Schools

Student from Cowley attend school at:
- Rocky Mountain Elementary School
- Rocky Mountain Middle School
- Rocky Mountain High School

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Cowley, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WYMap-doton-Cowley.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Cowley, Wyoming
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Big Horn County, Wyoming, Big Horn
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: May 2, 1900
- **area total km2**: 2.26
- **area total sq mi**: 0.87
- **area land km2**: 2.26
- **area land sq mi**: 0.87
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 762
- **population density km2**: 337.0
- **population density sq mi**: 872.9
- **timezone**: Mountain Standard Time, MST
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MST
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 1216
- **elevation ft**: 3990
- **postal code type**: Zip code
- **postal code**: 82420
- **area code**: Area code 307, 307
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 56-17645
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1587127
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Big Horn County, Wyoming

**Big Horn County** is a county in Northern Wyoming. The county seat is Basin. The largest city is Lovell.

### Towns

- Basin (county seat)
- Burlington
- Byron
- Cowley
- Deaver
- Frannie
- Greybull
- Lovell
- Manderson

### Census-designated places

- Hyattville
- Shell

### Unincorporated communities

- Emblem
- Otto
- Meadow Lark Lake

## Other websites

- Basin Republican Rustler - Local newspaper
- Map of Otto

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Big Horn County
- **state**: Wyoming
- **ex image**: Big Horn County Courthouse, Wyoming.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Big Horn County Courthouse
- **flag**: Flag of Big Horn County, Wyoming.gif
- **founded**: March 12, 1890 (authorized)
1897 (organized)
- **seat wl**: Basin
- **largest city wl**: Lovell
- **city type**: town
- **area total sq mi**: 3159
- **area land sq mi**: 3137
- **area water sq mi**: 22
- **area percentage**: 0.7%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 11521
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: www.bighorncountywy.gov
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **district**: At-large
- **named for**: Bighorn Mountains
Byron, Wyoming

**Byron** is a town in the American state of Wyoming.  It part of Big Horn County. At the 2020 census, 562 people lived in Byron.

In high school, students go to Rocky Mountain High School in Byron. Middle School students go to Rocky Mountain Middle School in Deaver and elementary school students attend Rocky Mountain Elementary School in Cowley.

The town has an area of 0.9 mi². 0.1 mi² of it (4.93%) is water.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Byron, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: A Great Place to Live!
- **image flag**: Flag of Byron, Wyoming.svg
- **image map**: File:Big Horn County Wyoming Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Byron Highlighted 5611700.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Byron in Big Horn County, Wyoming.
- **pushpin map**: Wyoming#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Wyoming##Location in the United States
- **pushpin label**: Byron
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Big Horn County, Wyoming, Big Horn
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established date**: 1898
- **area total km2**: 2.47
- **area total sq mi**: 0.95
- **area land km2**: 2.35
- **area land sq mi**: 0.91
- **area water km2**: 0.12
- **area water sq mi**: 0.05
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 562
- **population density km2**: 239.5
- **population density sq mi**: 620.3
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 1228
- **elevation ft**: 4029
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 82412
- **area code**: Area code 307, 307
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 56-11700
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1586233
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Fort Bragg, California

**Fort Bragg** is a small city in California's Mendocino County. The population was 6,983 at the 2020 census. Fort Bragg is located on the Pacific Coast Highway, California Rte-1. A US Army officer named it for one of his old commanding officers, Braxton Bragg (1817–1876) who was a career U.S. Army officer. He was later a general in the Confederate States Army. Because of this, the town shares a name with Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and they are named for the same man.
Mendocino County, California

**Mendocino County** is a county in Northern California.  The county seat is in Ukiah.

Towns in Mendocino County include:
- Fort Bragg
- Ukiah
- Willits

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mendocino County, California
- **nickname**: "Mendo"
- **settlement type**: County (United States), County
- **image seal**: Seal of Mendocino County, California.png
- **named for**: Cape Mendocino, which was named for Andrés de Urdaneta
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of regions of California, Region
- **subdivision name2**: North Coast (California), California North Coast
- **seat type**: County seat
- **seat**: Ukiah, California, Ukiah
- **seat1 type**: Largest city
- **seat1**: Ukiah
- **unit pref**: US
- **area total sq mi**: 3878
- **area land sq mi**: 3506
- **area water sq mi**: 372
- **elevation max ft**: 6958
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 91601
- **population density sq mi**: 26
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 707, 707
- **image map1**: Map of California highlighting Mendocino County.svg
- **mapsize1**: x250px
- **map caption1**: Mendocino County's location within California
Lil' Kim

**Kimberly Denise Jones**, better known as **Lil' Kim** (born July 11, 1974), is an American rapper, actress and model.. She released her first album, _Hard Core_, in 1996. It was very successful. In 2001 she released a single with Christina Aguilera, Mýa, and Pink called "Lady Marmalade" for the _Moulin Rouge!_ soundtrack which reached number 1 on the US_ Billboard_ Hot 100, making her the first female rapper to have a number 1 on the chart. It also reached number 1 in 13 other countries and won two MTV Video Music Awards and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Kim also rapped on Aguilera's 2003 single "Can't Hold Us Down". It was nominated for the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

## Career

In 1994 Kim was a member of rap group Junior M.A.F.I.A.. The group released one album _Conspiracy_ in 1995.
In 1999, Kim started her own record label, Queen Bee Entertainment. Kim left Junior M.A.F.I.A. in late 2001.

In 2003 Kim released a single called "Magic Stick". 50 Cent raps in the song. It reached number 2 in the Hot 100 and was also nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the Grammy Awards. In 2012 she did a tour of the United States, Return of the Queen Tour.

Kim released her first solo single in four years, "Looks Like Money" in 2013. On November, 29 (Black Friday), 2013 Kim is going to release a mixtape, _Hard Core 2K13_. She released the first song from it, "Dead Gal Walking" Halloween 2013.

## Fights

Kim has been in a fight with Nicki Minaj since _Pink Friday_.

### Studio albums

- _Hard Core_ (November 12, 1996) (Big Beat Records)
- _The Notorious K.I.M._ (June 27, 2000) (Atlantic Records)
- _La Bella Mafia_ (March 4, 2003) (Atlantic Records)
- _The Naked Truth_ (September 27, 2005) (Atlantic Records)

### Remix albums

- _Dance Remixes_ (June 6, 2006)

### Mixtapes

- _Ms. G.O.A.T._ (June 3, 2008)
- _Black Friday_ (February 14, 2011)
- _Hard Core 2_ (September 11, 2014)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **genre**: East Coast hip hop
- **past member of**: Junior M.A.F.I.A.


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lil' Kim
- **image**: Lil Kim Mercedes Benz Fashion Week 2012 (modified).jpg
- **caption**: Lil' Kim in 2012
- **birth name**: Kimberly Denise Jones
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
- **other names**: Queen Bee
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **children**: 1
- **partners**: Jeremy Neil aka Mr. Papers (2012–2014, 2020–2021?)
Tayy Brown (2024-present)
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Lil' Kim, Full list
Lovell, Wyoming

**Lovell** is a town in the American state of Wyoming.  It is located in Big Horn County.

Lovell is the biggest town in the county. It is near the Shoshone river. It has an area of 1.1 mi². All of this area is land. At the 2020 census, it had 2,243 people living in it.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lovell, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Town
- **nickname**: Rose Town of Wyoming
- **motto**: "The Rose City"
- **image skyline**: CCC Camp BR-7, Shoshone Project, Lovell, Wyoming, Part of BR-7 Motor equipment in the CCC Parade at Lovell, Wyoming. - NARA - 293512.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Parade of vehicles from Civilian Conservation Corps Camp BR-7 in Lovell, Wyoming
- **image map**: File:Big Horn County Wyoming Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lovell Highlighted 5647950.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lovell in Big Horn County, Wyoming.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Big Horn County, Wyoming, Big Horn
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.85
- **area land km2**: 2.85
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.10
- **area land sq mi**: 1.10
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2243
- **population density km2**: 785.9
- **population density sq mi**: 2035.4
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 1168
- **elevation ft**: 3832
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 82431
- **area code**: Area code 307, 307
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 56-47950
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1591067
- **website**: [http://www.townoflovell.com Town of Lovell, Wyoming]
Basin, Wyoming

**Basin** is a town in the American state of Wyoming.  It is the county seat of Big Horn County. It had 1,288 people living in it at the 2020 census.

Basin is near the Big Horn river. The town has an area of 2.0 mi². 0.04 mi² of it (1.47%) is water.
Lehi (Mormon prophet)

**Lehi** is the first prophet listed in the Book of Mormon. He is the father of Nephi, Sam, Laman, Lemuel, Jacob, and Joseph. According to the Book of Mormon, Lehi was praying and was told in a dream to go to the wilderness with his family. They also believe that Judaism was the first real religion, but God left them, got into a human form and took on a different nation.
Otto, Wyoming

**Otto** is an unincorporated community in Big Horn County in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It was named for Otto Franc, a local cattle baron who ranched in the Big Horn Basin.
Saint-Denis, Réunion

**Saint-Denis** is the administrative capital (_préfecture_) of the French controlled island of Réunion, in the Indian Ocean. The city is the largest town on the island. In 2004, it had a population of about 133,700 people.

## History

Saint-Denis was founded by Étienne Régnault in 1669. The city became the capital of Réunion island in 1738.

## Transportation

The closest airport is Roland Garros Airport which is also the main international airport of Réunion.  The Réunion Tram Train is expected to start being built in 2008. It stretches from the city to the airport and to Réunion's second city Saint-Paul.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Denis
- **image**: Mairie-saint-denis.JPG
- **caption**: Saint-Denis's former city hall and the Column of Victory
- **image coat of arms**: Blason St-Denis Réunion DOM.svg
- **map**: Réunion-Saint-Denis.png
- **arrondissement**: Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, Réunion, Saint-Denis
- **insee**: 97411
- **postal code**: 97400
- **mayor**: Gilbert Annette
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Nord de la Réunion
- **elevation m**: 23
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 2276
- **area km2**: 142.79
- **population**: 142241
- **population date**: 2007
Chen Shui-bian

**Chen Shui-bian** (, born 12 October 1950 in Guantian, Tainan, Taiwan) was the President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008. His term ended 55 years of Kuomintang rule in Taiwan. His nickname is _Ah-bian_ (). Chen is a member of the Democratic Progressive Party.

## Early years

Chen Shui-bian is raised from a poor family in southern Taiwan. He worked hard and studied at National Taiwan University. He passed a test and became a lawyer in his junior year. He graduated from university in 1974.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific prefix**: _His Excellency_
- **honorific suffix**: _The President of the Republic of China_
- **name**: Chen Shui-bian
 Tân Chúi-píⁿ
 陳水扁
- **image**: 總統陳水扁先生玉照 (國民大會實錄).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2000
- **order**: 5th President of the Republic of China, President of Taiwan
- **term start**: 20 May 2000
- **term end**: 20 May 2008
- **primeminister**: Tang Fei
Chang Chun-hsiung
Yu Shyi-kun
Frank Hsieh
Su Tseng-chang
Chang Chun-hsiung
- **vicepresident**: Annette Lu
- **predecessor**: Lee Teng-hui
- **successor**: Ma Ying-jeou
- **order2**: 8th Democratic Progressive Party, Chairperson of the DPP
- **term start2**: 15 October 2007
- **term end2**: 12 January 2008
- **deputy2**: Cho Jung-tai
- **predecessor2**: Yu Shyi-kun
- **successor2**: Frank Hsieh
- **deputy3**: Chang Chun-hsiung
- **term start3**: 21 July 2002
- **term end3**: 11 December 2004
- **predecessor3**: Frank Hsieh
- **successor3**: Su Tseng-chang
- **birth place**: Guantian, Tainan County, Tainan, Taiwan
- **party**: Democratic Progressive Party
- **spouse**: Wu Shu-chen
São Tomé

**São Tomé** is the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is the largest city in the country.  The city has a population of 56,166 people. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas."  São Tomé is important as a port. It is located on Ana Chaves Bay in the north east of São Tomé Island.

## History

The city was founded by Portugal in 1485. It is centred on a sixteenth century cathedral. Another early building is Fort São Sebastião. It was built in 1575 and is now the São Tomé National Museum. In 1599, the city as well as the islands were captured by the Dutch for two days and again in 1641 for a year. São Tomé was the colony's capital until 1753. It has been the national capital since 1852.

São Tomé is known for its role in the forced conversion of Jews during the Inquisition. When King Manuel I of Portugal wanted to force the Jews to convert, he took away their children and had them sent to this remote island.

## Areas of interest

Features of the town include the Presidential Palace, the Fisherman's Church, and a cinema. The city is also home to two markets, a radio station, a hospital, and an international airport. São Tomé also serves as the center of the island's road and bus networks.

## Other websites

- Open Directory Project - _Sao Tome and Principe_  directory category

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: São Tomé
- **image skyline**: Sao tome palace.jpg
- **image caption**: Presidential Palace of São Tomé e Príncipe
- **image flag**: Bandeira São Tomé.PNG
- **image shield**: S.Tomé.PNG
- **image map**: Tp-map.png
- **map caption**: Location on São Tomé Island
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: São Tomé and Príncipe
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of São Tomé and Príncipe, Province
- **subdivision name1**: São Tomé Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of São Tomé and Príncipe, District
- **subdivision name2**: Água Grande District, Água Grande
- **established date**: 1485
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 17
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population density km2**: 180
- **timezone**: West African Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **area code**: +239-11x-xxxx through 14x-xxxx
Lost

**Lost** could mean:
- Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
- Lost, Aberdeenshire, a tiny hamlet in Scotland
- Lost Energy, a commercial energy drink
- Mustard gas, from **_LO**mmel and **ST**einkopf_ who developed a process for mass-producing the gas for war
- Local Option Sales Tax (_LOST_), a special-purpose tax often appended to standard state sales tax on certain purchases

In **entertainment**:
- _Lost_ (TV series), a drama which follows the lives of plane crash survivors who land on a mysterious island
    - Lost (video game), a video game based on the television series
- _Lost_ (2001 TV series), a short-lived reality television program
- _Lost_ (1956 movie), a British thriller directed by Guy Green
- _Lost_ (2004 movie), an American indie thriller starring Dean Cain
- _Lost_ (2001 novel), a revisionist novel by Gregory Maguire
- _The Lost_, a 2006 memoir by Daniel Mendelsohn
- _Lost_ (Eightball album), a 1998 album by American rapper Eightball
- _Lost_ (RTZ album), a 1999 album by American rock band RTZ
- _Lost_ (Cool Calm Pete album), a 2005 album by American hip hop artist Cool Calm Pete
- "Lost" (Kreator song), a 1995 single by the German thrash metal band Kreator
- "Lost" (song), a 2003 single by English singer Skin
Western United States

The **Western United States**, commonly referred to as the **American West** or simply the **West**, traditionally refers to the westernmost states of the United States.  As the country expanded westward since its founding, the definition of the West has changed over time.

In the 18th and the early 19th centuries, the Appalachian Mountains were considered to be the boundary. of the West.  However, the Mississippi River is now often considered to be the easternmost possible boundary. The West played a large role in American history, and the American Old West is an important part of the country's folklore.

The region is divided into the Mountain States and the Pacific States subregions. The United States Census Bureau defines the Western United States as the following:

- Alaska
- Arizona
- California
- Colorado
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Montana
- Nevada
- New Mexico
- Oregon
- Utah
- Washington
- Wyoming
ITV

**ITV** (also known as **Independent Television**) is a British public broadcaster in the United Kingdom. It was set up in 1954 by the Television Act 1954 provide competition to the BBC.

### History

The Television Act 1954 outlined the service that Independent Television would produce. It also created the Independent Television Authority to manage the ITV network and its transmitters that would be used by the ITV companies to produce a regional service. In 1969, color television started in some areas of the ITV network and by 1975, the entire ITV network was in color.

In 1998, ITV2 launched as a channel. It was mainly promoted with ONdigital (renamed ITV Digital in 2001) and it's subscription service even though ITV2 was free to air.

In 2002, all franchises in England and Wales started using the ITV1 name.

In 2004, ITV plc launched ITV3 as a free to air channel, replacing Plus (originally Granada Plus before Granada and Carlton merged into ITV plc.).

In 2005, ITV plc launched ITV4. The channel was supposed to replace Men & Motors, the last channel of the Granada Sky Broadcasting deal that was finalised in 1996, but it would end up replacing the ITV News channel.

In 2009, ITV1 HD launched as a high definition channel on Freeview HD and 5 months later on other platforms.

In 2025, ITV launched a deal with Disney under which its streaming service ITVX would share film and TV content with Disney+.

## Current ITV regions

Listed as they were originally named and as they are known now:

- Anglia Television (now known as 'ITV Anglia', broadcasting to the East of England)
- Carlton Central (now known as 'ITV Central', broadcasting to the English Midlands)
- Carlton / London Weekend Television (now known as 'ITV London', broadcasting to London)
- Meridian Broadcasting (now known as 'ITV Meridian', broadcasting to South West England)
- Tyne Tees Television (now known as 'ITV Tyne Tees', broadcasting to North East England)
- Granada Television (now known as 'ITV Granada', broadcasting to North West England)
- Channel Television (now known as 'ITV Channel Television' broadcasting to the Channel Islands)
- Yorkshire Television (now known as 'ITV Yorkshire' broadcasting to Yorkshire and Lincolnshire)

## Related pages

- ITV Yorkshire
Burlington, Wyoming

**Burlington** is a town in Big Horn County, Wyoming, United States. It has 314 people living in it as of the 2020 census.

The town has an area of 1.0 mi². This area is all land.

Children from Burlington go to Burlington High School, Burlington Junior High, and Burlington Elementary.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Burlington, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:Big Horn County Wyoming Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Burlington Highlighted 5611120.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Burlington in Big Horn County, Wyoming.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Big Horn County, Wyoming, Big Horn
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.62
- **area land km2**: 2.62
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.01
- **area land sq mi**: 1.01
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 314
- **population density sq mi**: 311
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 1352
- **elevation ft**: 4436
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 82411
- **area code**: Area code 307, 307
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 56-11120
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1597239