juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Patriot (Spanish American Revolution)

The term "**patriot**" is used to refer to supporters of Spanish American independence and of their governments that emerged during the revolutions between 1808 and 1825.

After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America. Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. The rapidity and timing of that dramatic change were the result of a combination of long-building tensions in colonial rule and a series of external events. The movements that liberated Spanish South America arose from opposite ends of the continent. From the north came the movement led most famously by Simón Bolívar, a dynamic figure known as the Liberator. From the south proceeded another powerful force, this one directed by the more circumspect José de San Martín. After difficult conquests of their home regions, the two movements spread the cause of independence through other territories, finally meeting on the central Pacific coast. From there, troops under northern generals finally stamped out the last vestiges of loyalist resistance in Peru and Bolivia by 1826. First Republic of Venezuela was the first Patriot government and State of Upper Peru was the last Patriot government. And the leaders are Nicknamed Libertadore.
2023 Chicago train crash

On November 16, 2023, a Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) passenger train crash with a railway snow removal machine north of Howard station. It injured 16 people.

At 10:39 a.m. local time (07:50 UTC) on November 16, 2023, a Yellow Line passenger train. The train had 30 passengers and 1 operator. It was approaching its terminal at Howard station at  crashed with stopped snow-removal machine, carrying 6 employees. The front car of the two-car train was partially crushed and derailed.

Of the 37 people aboard both vehicles, 16 were injured, 3 of which were in critical condition.

In a report released on December 12, 2023, it found that at the time of the incident, the snow-removal equipment had stopped  north of a red signal. The passenger train operator received a stop command from the signal system when the train was traveling southbound at approximately , about  behind the snow-removal equipment. The operator pressed the brakes and emergency brakes, and the train slowed down to  before crashing with the snow removal machine.
Da'Vine Joy Randolph

**Da'Vine Joy Randolph** (; born May 21, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her stage role as Oda Mae Brown in the Broadway production of _Ghost_ (2012), for which she received a Tony Award nomination. She also plays Detective Williams in the series _Only Murders in the Building_.

For her role in _The Holdovers_ (2023), she won a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Da'Vine Joy Randolph
- **image**: Da'Vine Joy Randolph The Holdovers Q&A BFI Southbank, January 2024.jpg
- **image caption**: Randolph in 2024
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **occupation**: Actress
- **education**: Temple University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Yale University (Master of Fine Arts, MFA)
Lily Gladstone

**Lily Gladstone** (born August 2, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Mollie Kyle in Martin Scorsese's crime drama movie _Killers of the Flower Moon_ (2023). She won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for this role, while being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 2024, she appeared in the television series _Under the Bridge_ and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award.

## Early life

Gladstone was born in Kalispell, Montana. She was raised on the Blackfeet Reservation in Browning, Montana and Seattle, Washington. Gladstone is of Piegan Blackfeet, Nez Perce, and European heritage.

Gladstone always wanted to play an Ewok after watching _Return of the Jedi_ at the age of five and this inspired her to become an actress. In 2008 she graduated from the University of Montana with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Acting/Directing and a Native American Studies minor.

## Career

Gladstone appeared in several independent movies such as _Certain Women_ (2016) and _First Cow_ (2019). She also appeared in episodes of HBO's _Room 104_ (2017–2020), Showtime's _Billions_ (2016–2023), and FX's _Reservation Dogs_ (2021–2023).

In 2023, Gladstone appeared as Mollie Kyle in the Martin Scorsese movie _Killers of the Flower Moon_. In 2024, she became the first Native American to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award and is the first to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

In 2024, she starred in the crime drama miniseries _Under the Bridge_. This role earned her a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award.

## Personal life

Gladstone goes by both she and they pronouns. She said that "In most Native languages, most Indigenous languages, Blackfeet included, there are no gendered pronouns. There is no he/she, there's only they... my pronoun use is partly a way of decolonizing gender for myself."

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lily Gladstone
- **image**: Lily G.png
- **caption**: Gladstone in 2024
- **birth place**: Kalispell, Montana, U.S.
- **education**: University of Montana (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2012–present
- **relatives**: Red Crow (great-great grandfather)
Ludwig Göransson

**Ludwig Emil Tomas Göransson** (; ; born 1 September 1984) is a Swedish composer, conductor, songwriter, and record producer.

Göransson's producing work on Childish Gambino's 2018 single "This Is America" won him two Grammy Awards — for Record of the Year and Song of the Year. He has also produced for other recording artists, such as Adele, Alicia Keys, Rihanna, Chance the Rapper, Haim, Justin Timberlake, Kendrick Lamar, Travis Scott and Moses Sumney.

He has scored for the movies _Fruitvale Station_, _Creed_ and _Creed II_, _Venom_, _Tenet_ and _Turning Red._

For his work on the 2018 superhero movie _Black Panther_, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media. His work on Christopher Nolan's epic drama _Oppenheimer_ (2023) earned his first wins at the BAFTA Awards and Golden Globe Awards and he won an Academy Award.

For his work on the 2025 movie _Sinners_, he won another Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and is nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Score.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ludwig Göransson
- **image**: Ludwig Göransson 2018 Interview (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Göransson in 2018
- **background**: person
- **birth name**: Ludwig Emil Tomas Göransson
- **birth place**: Linköping, Sweden
- **years active**: 2008–present
Ryan Coogler

**Ryan Kyle Coogler** (born May 23, 1986) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He has been nominated for two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and a Grammy Award.

He is known for co-writing and directing _Creed_ (2015), and the Marvel movie _Black Panther_ (2018), which became the highest-grossing movie of all time by an African American director. Coogler also co-wrote and directed its sequel _Black Panther: Wakanda Forever_ (2022).

In 2026, he was nominated for another Academy Award for his movie _Sinners_.

## Movies

|Year|Title|width=65|Director|width=65|Writer|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|_Fruitvale Station_|||||
|2015|_Creed_|||||
|2018|_Black Panther_|||||
|2022|_Black Panther: Wakanda Forever_|||||
|2025|_Sinners_|||||

**Executive producer**
- _Creed II_ (2018)
- _Homeroom_ (2021)
- _Ironheart_ (2025)
- _Eyes of Wakanda_ (2025)

**Producer**
- _Judas and the Black Messiah_ (2021)
- _Space Jam: A New Legacy_ (2021)
- _Creed III_ (2023) (Also story writer)
- _Stephen Curry: Underrated_ (2023)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ryan Coogler
- **image**: Ryan Coogler (36203771036) 2.jpg
- **caption**: Coogler at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: Ryan Kyle Coogler
- **birth place**: Oakland, California, Oakland, California, U.S.
- **education**: St. Mary's College of California
California State University, Sacramento (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Southern California (Master of Fine Arts, MFA)
- **years active**: 2009–present
Christine Six

**Christine Six** (born 18 July 1964) is an Austrian former taekwondoan. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the heavyweight event.

At the 1986 European Taekwondo Championships she won the bronze medal in the +70 kg category.
Cheryl Kalanoc

**Cheryl Kalanoc** or **Cheryl Kalamor** (born 2 October 1958) is an American taekwondoan and referee.

She won several state and national tournaments over an eleven-year span. She was the American champion in the flyweight category from 1980 to 1984 and in the finweight category from 1985 to 1987.

At the Pan American Taekwondo Championships she won the silver medal in 1982 and 1988, and a gold medal in 1984. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the finweight event. She competed at the 1989 Taekwondo World Championship.

She was active as a referee.
Pokémon Legends: Z-A

***Pokémon Legends: Z-A*** is an upcoming video game. It will be published by Nintendo and developed by Game Freak. The game will be released for the Nintendo Switch in 2025.

It is the second game in the _Pokémon Legends_ series after _Arceus_ in 2022.

## Gameplay

The game was announced during the Pokémon Presents presentation on February 27, 2024. The game will take place in Lumiose City. The city last appeared in _Pokémon X_ and _Y_. The graphics will look similar to _Pokémon Scarlet and Violet_

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Pokémon Legends: Z-A
- **developer**: Game Freak
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **series**: _Pokémon_
- **released**: 2025
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Switch
A Gentle Woman

***A Gentle Woman*** (), also titled ***A Gentle Creature*** is a 1969 French psychological drama movie directed by Robert Bresson and was his first color movie. It was based on the 1876 short story by Fyodor Dostoevsky. It stars Dominique Sanda, Claude Ollier, Dorothée Blanck, Guy Frangin and Jeanne Lobre.
Project X (movie)

***Project X*** is a 1987 American science fiction comedy movie directed by Jonathan Kaplan. It stars Matthew Broderick, Helen Hunt, William Sadler, Stephen Lang, Jean Smart, Robin Gammell, Jonathan Stark, Dick Miller, Jules Sylvester, Richard Cummings Jr. and Ken Lerner. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Josef Dering

Josef Dering was a German painter, sculptor, mosaicist, art educator and commercial artist. He was born in Munich, 1910 and died 1999 in Dakar. For a long time he lived in Eichenau, a municipality in the district of Fürstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany. There he designed the village's logo. He also configured an elementary's school facade. To honour of his this school was named after him.
So Small

"**So Small**" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her second studio album, _Carnival Ride_ (2007).

## Music video

The music video for "So Small" was directed by Roman White.

It premiered on CMT on September 20, 2007.

The video debuted at number 20 on CMT's _Top 20 Countdown_ for the week of October 4, 2007.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's _Top Twenty Countdown_ for two consecutive weeks.
Betway

**Betway** is an online gambling company. Founded in 2006, it offers betting and gambling products including sportsbook and online casino. Betway has offices in London, Malta, Guernsey, and Cape Town, South Africa.

Betway offers a wide range of betting options for NFL wagers, including moneylines, spreads, totals, quarter- and half-specific betting options, in-game wagers, and a decent selection of player props each Sunday during the season.
Shah Mehmood Qureshi

**Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Hussain Qureshi** (Urdu: مخدوم شاہ محمود حسین قریشی; born 22 June 1956) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 29th Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2018 to 2022. He previously held the post from 2008 to 2011.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Muhammad Ismael
- **office**: 26th, 36th Foreign Minister
- **termstart**: 20 August 2018
- **termend**: 10 August 2023
- **birth date**: 22 June 1956
- **birth place**: Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- **party**: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, Independent, Independent politician
- **termend1**: 9 February 2011
- **termstart1**: 31 March 2008
- **primeminister**: Imran Khan
- **primeminister1**: Yousof Raza Gillani
Pachycormus (fish)

_For other uses, see Pachycormus. For the species of plant, see Pachycormus discolor._

***Pachycormus*** is an extinct genus of pachycormiform from the Toarcian (about 185–182 million years ago) of Europe. This fish had no pelvic fins.

## Description

_Pachycormus_ superficially resembled a giant tuna. It was able to grow 1 m (3.5 ft) in length. It is characterized by falciform pectoral fins. The teeth are short and designed for grasping.

The caudal fin was deeply forked, just like a modern-day tuna. The body was covered with small scales equipped with ganoine.

## Classification

The type species _P. macropterus_ was first named as a species of _Elops_ by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville in 1818. However, this species was placed into _Pachycormus_ by Louis Agassiz in 1833.

## As a basal fish

_Pachycormus_ is the second most basal pachycormiform after _Euthynotus_.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in marine deposits from France, Germany, and England.

## Related pages

- Pleuropholis
- Amblypterus
- Orthocormus
- Bonnerichthys

## References

1. <small>Roberts, George (1839). _An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology_. p. 129. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</small>
Pankaj Udhas

**Pankaj Udhas** (d. 2024) was an Indian ghazal and playback singer known for his works in Hindi cinema, and Indian pop.

Family: His brothers Nirmal Udhas and Manhar Udhas are also singers.

After the singer died, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi  (said or) expressed his condolences.

## Awards

- 2006 – Padma Shri for his contribution to the art of ghazal singing, his huge contribution to cancer patients and thallasemic children on the occasion of him completing 25 years of ghazal singing.

## Albums

- Aahat (1980)
- Nasha (1997)
- Mukarrar (1981)
- Tarrannum (1982)
- Mehfil (1983)
- Shamakhana
- Pankaj Udhas Live at Albert Hall (1984)
- Nayaab (1985)
- Legend
- Khazana
- Aafreen (1986)
- Shagufta
- Nabeel
- Aashiyana (1992)
- Anjana (1992)
- Ek Dhun Pyar Ki (1992)
- Rubayee
- Teen Mausam
- Geetnuma
- Kaif
- Khayaal
- Aman
- Woh Ladki Yaad Aati Hai
- Stolen Moments
- Mahek (1999)
- Ghoonghat
- Muskan
- Dhadkan
- Best of Pankaj Udhas Vol-1, 2
- Pankaj Udas 'Life Story' Vol-1, 2
- Pankaj Udhas Vol-1, 2, 3, 4
- Lamha
- Janeman
- Jashn (2006)
- Endless Love
- Shaayar
- Rajuat (Gujarati)
- Baisakhi (Punjabi)
- Yaad
- Kabhi Ansoo Kabhi Khushboo Kabhi Naghuma
- Humnasheen
- In Search of Meer (2003)
- Hasrat (2005)
- Bhalobasha (Bengali)
- Yaara – Music by Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
- Shabad – Music by Vaibhav Saxena and Gunjan Jha
- Shaayar (2010)
- Barbad Mohabbat
- Nasheela
- Sentimental (2013)
- Khamoshi Ki Aawaz (2014)
- Khwabon Ki Khahani (2015)
- Madhose
- Nayaab lamhe with Gulzar (2018)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **genre**: Ghazals
- **occupation**: Ghazal Singer
- **instrument**: Vocals, Harmonium, Guitar, Piano, Violin, Tabla
- **years active**: 1980–2024
- **label**: EMI, T-Series (company), T-Series


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Pankaj Udhas
- **image**: Pankaj Udhas in 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Udhas in 2015
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Jetpur, Navagadh, Jetpur, Saurashtra (state), United States of Saurashtra (now in Gujarat), India
- **death place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **module2**: **Awards** Padma Shri (2006)
Cajón

A **Cajón** or **Box drum** is a box-shaped percussion instrument from Peru. It is played by slapping the front or side faces (generally made of thin plywood) with the hands, fingers, or sometimes implements such as brushes, mallets, or sticks. Cajones are usually played in Afro-Peruvian music (specifically música criolla), but also used flamenco. The term cajón is also used for to other box drums used in Latin American music, such as the Cuban cajón de rumba and the Mexican cajón de tapeo.
Gulf of Ob

The **Gulf of Ob** (; also known as ***Bay of Ob***, ) is a bay of the Arctic Ocean. It is in Northern Russia at the mouth of the Ob River. It is the world's longest estuary.

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: Gulf of Ob
- **image**: Gulf of Ob map.png
- **caption**: Map showing the location of the Gulf of Ob.
- **location**: Extreme North, Far North
- **native name**: О́бская губа́
- **native name lang**: ru
- **rivers**: Ob River
- **oceans**: Kara Sea
- **countries**: Russia
Iz*One

**Iz*One** (; ; stylized in all caps) was a South Korean–Japanese girl group. It was formed in 2018 through the talent show _Produce 48_ (the third season of _Produce 101_). The group was made of twelve members: Jang Won-young, Sakura Miyawaki, Jo Yu-ri, Choi Ye-na, An Yu-jin, Nako Yabuki, Kwon Eun-bi, Kang Hye-won, Hitomi Honda, Kim Chae-won, Kim Min-ju and Lee Chae-yeon. They started to make music on October 29, 2018, and they stopped on April 29, 2021.

## Members

Korean members are listed in Eastern name order. Japanese members are listed in Western name order with both Japanese and Korean transliterations in brackets.
- Kwon Eun-bi () – leader
- Sakura Miyawaki (; )
- Kang Hye-won ()
- Choi Ye-na ()
- Lee Chae-yeon ()
- Kim Chae-won ()
- Kim Min-ju ()
- Nako Yabuki (; )
- Hitomi Honda (; )
- Jo Yu-ri ()
- An Yu-jin ()
- Jang Won-young ()

### Studio albums

- _Bloom*Iz_ (2020)
- _Twelve_ (2020)

### Extended plays

- _Color*Iz_ (2018)
- _Heart*Iz_ (2019)
- _Oneiric Diary_ (2020)
- _One-reeler / Act IV_ (2020)

### Single albums

- _Suki to Iwasetai_ (2019)
- _Buenos Aires_ (2019)
- _Vampire_ (2019)

## Related pages

- AKB48 – another group with Sakura Miyawaki, Nako Yabuki and  Hitomi Honda
- Le Sserafim – another group with Sakura Miyawaki and Kim Chae-won
- Ive (group) – another group with Jang Won-young and An Yu-jin
- Wanna One – another group formed through _Produce 101_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Iz*One
- **image**: 190123 아이즈원(IZONE), 지나가는 바람도 반하는 미모 (GaonchartKpopAward2019).png
- **landscape**: yes
- **alt**: Image of Iz*One members smiling and wearing elegant black and white short dresses
- **caption**: Iz*One in 2019
From left to right: Kang Hye-won, Lee Chae-yeon, Kim Min-ju, Hitomi Honda, Kwon Eun-bi, Jang Won-young, Sakura Miyawaki, Nako Yabuki, Jo Yu-ri, Kim Chae-won, Choi Ye-na, An Yu-jin
- **origin**: Seoul, South Korea
- **years active**: –
- **past members**: * Kwon Eun-bi
* Sakura Miyawaki
* Kang Hye-won
* Choi Ye-na
* Lee Chae-yeon (singer, born 2000), Lee Chae-yeon
* Kim Chae-won
* Kim Min-ju
* Nako Yabuki
* Hitomi Honda
* Jo Yu-ri
* An Yu-jin
* Jang Won-young
Franco-Siamese War

The **Franco-Siamese crisis** of 1893, known in Thailand as the **Incident of Rattanakosin Era 112** was a conflict between the French Third Republic and the Kingdom of Siam. Auguste Pavie, French vice consul in Luang Prabang in 1886, was the chief agent in furthering French interests in Laos. His intrigues, which took advantage of Siamese weakness in the region and periodic invasions by Vietnamese rebels from Tonkin, increased tensions between Bangkok and Paris. The conflict concluded with the Paknam Incident, in which French gunboats sailed up the Chao Phraya River to blockade Bangkok. The Siamese subsequently agreed to give the area that constitutes most of present-day Laos to France, an act that led to the significant expansion of French Indochina.

This came after the Haw wars (1865–1890), in which the Siamese attempted to pacify northern Siam and Tonkin.
Split-flap display

A **split-flap display**, or a **flap display**, is a digital electromechanical display device that shows changeable alphanumeric text, and sometimes graphics.

They are commonly used as public transport timetables in airports or railway stations.

Commonly they are called **Solari boards** after Italian display manufacturer Solari di Udine, or in Central European countries they are called **Pragotron** after the Czech manufacturer instead.

Split-flap displays were once commonly used in consumer digital clocks known as flip clocks.

## Description

Each character position or graphic position has a collection of flaps on which the characters or graphics are painted or silkscreened. These flaps are rotated to show the desired character or graphic.

Sometimes the flaps are large and display whole words, and in other installations there are several smaller flaps, each displaying a single character.

Flip-dot displays and LED display boards may be used instead of split-flap displays in most applications. Their output can be changed by reprogramming instead of replacement of physical parts but they suffer from lower readability. They also can refresh more quickly, as a split-flap display often must cycle through many states.

Advantages to these displays include:

- high visibility and wide viewing angle in most lighting conditions
- little or no power consumption while the display remains static
- Distinct metallic flapping sound draws attention when the information is updated.

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority has designed the new LED replacements for its aging Solari boards at North Station and South Station to emit an electronically generated flapping noise to alert passengers to train boarding updates.

Many game shows of the 1970s used this type of display for the contestant podium scoreboards. Usually, the flip was left-to-right on a vertical axis, although up/down on a horizontal axis was not completely unknown. Early seasons of the game show _Family Feud_ used a split flap display as part of the game board (subsequent seasons used more modern digital displays, and eventually simply used a large digital flat screen monitor). The game board on the Nickelodeon game show _Make the Grade_ was a 7x7 split-flap display, used to display subjects and wild cards, as well as tracking contestants' progress. The television game show _Chain Reaction_ on Game Show Network features computer-simulated split-flap displays to display the various words in a chain.

In Italy, split-flap displays have also been occasionally used as destination signs for transit vehicles; there was also a brief vogue for them in the United Kingdom in the mid 1980s.

## Non-informational uses

The artistic appeal of the displays have been seen use in works like _Pedestrian Drama_, contemporary artwork using this display technology, and art by Juan Fontanive, who has used the mechanism since 2005.

The album cover for The Enemy's album _We'll Live and Die in These Towns_ is based on the Solari design seen at British railway stations.
Thunderbolts*

***Thunderbolts**** (or simply ***Thunderbolts***) is an American superhero movie. It was released on May 2, 2025 in North America. It is based on the Marvel Comics's team Thunderbolts and it is a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was directed by Jake Schreier.

The movie was announced in July 2022 and the cast members were revealed in September. Principal photography started in Trilith Studios and Atlanta Metro Studios on February 26, 2024 and ended in July, 2024. Filming was delayed because of the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.

## Cast

- Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes
- Hannah John-Kamen as Ava Starr / Ghost
- Wyatt Russell as John Walker / U.S. Agent
- Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Valentina Allegra de Fontaine
- Florence Pugh as Yelena Belova
- David Harbour as Alexei Shostakov / Red Guardian
- Olga Kurylenko as Antonia Dreykov / Taskmaster
- Lewis Pullman as Robbie Reynolds / Sentry
- Geraldine Viswanathan

## Other websites

- _Thunderbolts_ at Marvel.com
- _Thunderbolts_ at IMDb

## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Jake Schreier
- **producer**: Kevin Feige
- **starring**: Florence Pugh
Sebastian Stan
Wyatt Russell
Olga Kurylenko
Lewis Pullman
Geraldine Viswanathan
Chris Bauer
Wendell Pierce
David Harbour
Hannah John-Kamen
Julia Louis-Dreyfus
- **music**: Son Lux
- **cinematography**: Andrew Droz Palermo
- **editing**: Angela Catanzaro
Harry Yoon
- **studio**: Marvel Studios
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
- **released**: April 22, 2025 (Cineworld Leicester Square)
May 2, 2025 (United States)
- **runtime**: 126 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $180 million
- **gross**: $382.4 million
Emperor of Mexico

in May 19, 1822, Iturbide placed the crown upon his own head and became Agustín I, emperor of Mexico. An arbitrary and extravagant ruler, he proved unable to bring order and stability to his country, and after that In 1863 The younger brother of Emperor Francis Joseph, Maximilian archduke of Austria he accepted the offer of the Mexican throne, falsely believing that the Mexican people had voted him their king; in fact, the offer was the result of a scheme between conservative Mexicans, who wished to overturn the liberal government of President Benito Juárez, and the French emperor Napoleon lll who wanted to collect a debt from Mexico  On June 19, 1867, Maximilian was executed on a hill outside Querétaro.

## First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)

|width=10%|Portrait|width=10%|Coat of arms|width=20%|Name|width=10%|Emperor from|width=10%|Emperor until|width=10%|House|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|align="center" ||Agustín I|19 May 1822|19 March 1823|Iturbide|||||||
Antonio López de Santa Anna, called for Iturbide’s overthrow and exile. On March 19, 1823, Iturbide abdicated and went first to Italy and then to England. In 1824, however, he returned to Mexico, unaware that the congress had decreed his death. Captured on July 15, he was executed four days later.

## Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)

|width=10%|Portrait|width=10%|Coat of arms|width=20%|Name|width=10%|Emperor from|width=10%|Emperor until|width=10%|House|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|align="center" ||Maximilian I|10 April 1864|19 June 1867|Habsburg-Lorraine|||||||
On June 19, 1867, Maximilian was executed on a hill outside Querétaro With Maximilian's execution in 1867 by a firing squad of the restored republic, schemes and dreams of a royal head of state came to an end in Mexico.
Doctor Strange (movie)

***Doctor Strange*** is an American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Doctor Strange. It was produced by Kevin Feige and directed by Scott Derrickson. The movie was produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The movie is the 14th movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It was released on November 4, 2016.

Principal photography started in November 2015 in Nepal, England and Hong Kong, and ended in New York City in April 2016. The movie made $677.8 million around the world.

## Other websites

- _Doctor Strange_ at Marvel.com
- _Doctor Strange_ at IMDb

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Doctor Strange
- **image**: Doctor-Strange-logo.svg
- **director**: Scott Derrickson
- **producer**: Kevin Feige
- **music**: Michael Giacchino
- **cinematography**: Ben Davis (cinematographer), Ben Davis
- **studio**: Marvel Studios
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
- **runtime**: 115 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $165–236.6 million
- **gross**: $677.8 million
Eternals (movie)

***Eternals*** is a 2021 American superhero movie based on Marvel Comics race Eternals. It is produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The movie is the 26th movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The movie was directed by Chloé Zhao, from a screenplay he wrote with Patrick Burleigh, Ryan Firpo, and Kaz Firpo. It stars Gemma Chan, Richard Madden, Kumail Nanjiani, Lia McHugh, Brian Tyree Henry, Lauren Ridloff, Barry Keoghan, Don Lee, Kit Harington, Salma Hayek, and Angelina Jolie.

Principal photography started in July 2019 at Pinewood Studios and on location in England and the Canary Islands, and ended in February 2020. The movie was released on November 5, 2021. It made $402.1 million around the world.

## Other websites

- _Eternals_ at Marvel.com
- _Eternals_ at IMDb

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Eternals
- **image**: Eternals logo.png
- **director**: Chloé Zhao
- **music**: Ramin Djawadi
- **cinematography**: Ben Davis (cinematographer), Ben Davis
- **studio**: Marvel Studios
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
- **runtime**: 156 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $236.2 million
- **gross**: $402.1 million
The Valley (TV series)

***The Valley*** is an American reality television series which premiered on Bravo on March 19, 2024. It was developed as a spin-off from _Vanderpump Rules_. The series follows five couples who are "taking a shot at adulting."

## Overview

_The Valley_ was first announced by Bravo on January 17, 2024. Lisa Vanderpump serves as an executive producer, with 32 Flavors Entertainment, Haymaker East and Evolution Media attached as the production companies.

The series is a spin off of _Vanderpump Rules_.

### Season 1

The full cast for the first season was announced and a teaser for the season was released on January 17, 2024. An extended first look was released on February 27 and the premiere date was announced as March 19, 2024.

The first season premiered on Bravo on March 19 and the finale aired on June 4. The original cast consisted of Brittany Cartwright, Jax Taylor, Kristen Doute, Luke Broderick, Daniel Booko, Nia Booko, Janet Caperna, Jason Caperna, Jesse Lally, and Michelle Lally as main cast members, with "friends of" Jasmine Goode and Zach Wickham also joining the cast.

In May 2024, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season.

### Main cast

- Brittany Cartwright: (2024–present), married to Jax, mother of Cruz
- Jax Taylor: (2024–present), married to Brittany, father of Cruz
- Kristen Doute: (2024–present), a businesswoman, in a relationship with Luke
- Luke Broderick: (2024–present), a podcast host, in a relationship with Kristen
- Daniel Booko: (2024–present), an actor and model, married to Nia, father of Asher, Isabelle and Zariah
- Nia Booko: (2024–present), a beauty pageant titleholder (Miss Nevada USA 2014, Miss USA 2014), married to Daniel, mother of Asher, Isabelle and Zariah
- Janet Caperna: (2024–present), a former executive assistant and co-host of the Scheananigans podcast
- Jason Caperna: (2024–present), an attorney with Acumen Law, LLP, father of an unnamed newborn baby boy
- Jesse Lally: (2024–present), a luxury real estate broker, father of Isabella
- Michelle Saniei Lally: (2024–present), a luxury real estate broker, mother of Isabella

### Recurring cast

- Jasmine Goode; (2024–present): a former server at SUR Restaurant & Lounge, now an NFL cheerleader and a member of the Bachelor Nation
- Zack Wickham; (2024–present): Brittany's best friend from college

## Other websites

- Official website
- _The Valley_ at IMDb

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Reality television
- **network**: Bravo (American TV network), Bravo
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 12
- **language**: English
- **country**: United States
- **location**: San Fernando Valley, California
- **last aired**: present
Nyctixalus margaritifer

The **Java Indonesian tree frog** or **pearly tree frog** (_Nyctixalus margaritifer_) is a frog.  It lives in Java, Indonesia. People have seen it between 700 and 1200 meters above sea level.  People have seen it between 50 and 1800 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down but people have also seen it in coffee farms.  It lives in places where the tree branches come together like a roof. The female frog lays eggs in bits of water high up in the trees. The water is in holes in the trees.  The tadpoles swim and grow in the water.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place, but they believe people cutting down its forests may harm it. Some of the places where the frog lives are protected parks.
Penalty cards

**Penalty cards** are shown in many sports to show that a player can no longer be in the game, has been warned, or otherwise has been punished.
Walla Walla people

**Walla Walla**, **Walawalałáma** ("People of Walula region along Walla Walla River"), sometimes called **Walúulapam**, are Native Americans that live in the area of Pendleton, Oregon.

Beginning in the early 1700s, the Walla Walla people raised great herds of horses, making their lifestyle much easier as they gathered seasonal plants. They also traveled across the Rocky Mountains to trade dried roots and salmon to the Plains Indians for buffalo meat and hides.
Empanada

An **empanada** is a type of stuffed pastry from Spain, other Southern European countries, Latin American countries, and the Philippines. The name comes from the Spanish word _empanar_ (which means "to bread," i.e., "to coat with bread"). The word "empanada" translates as 'breaded', that is, wrapped or coated in bread.

Empanadas are made by folding dough over a filling, which may consist of meat, cheese, tomato, corn, or other ingredients, and then cooking the resulting turnover, either by baking or frying.
Ashley Graham

**Ashley Graham Ervin** (born October 30, 1987) is an American plus-sized model and television presenter. Graham made her debut on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 2016. A year later, she published her first book, A New Model: What Confidence, Beauty, and Power Really Look Like, which contributes to her advocacy in the body positivity and inclusion movement.
German Instrument of Surrender

The **German Instructment of surrender**, was signed on May 8th, 1945. By several officers, including Wilhelm Ketiel.

## Infobox (treaty)

- **name**: German Instrument of surrender
- **caption**: Wilhelm Keitel Signing the German Instrument of Surrender, May 8th 1945.
- **image**: Field Marshall Keitel signs German surrender terms in Berlin 8 May 1945 - Restoration.jpg
- **date signed**: May 8th, 1945.
- **location signed**: Berlin, Germany.
- **language**: English, German.
Erotica

**Erotica** is a type of art or writing mean to be sexually arousing and erotic. It is usually considered different from pornography because erotica is meant to have some kind of artistic merit while pornography is only meant to be sexually pleasing.

## Related pages

- Shunga
- Erotic photography
- Erotic thriller
Atomic Heart

***Atomic Heart*** is a first-person shooter video game. It was published by VK Play in the CIS, 4Divinity in Asia, and Focus Entertainment in the rest of the World. The game was developed by Mundfish. The game was released on February 21, 2023. They released the game for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.

The game takes place in a future World where robot take over a fallen Soviet Union. The player has to try and find out what happened at Facility 3826, a Soviet research facility.

## Controversy

The game was surrounded by controversy. People accused the game of promoting pro-Russian propaganda, as well as taking gamers data and giving it to the Russian government.

Mundfish, the developers of _Atomic Heart_, denied any involvement with the Russian government and said that they do not take data from their players.

The Government of Ukraine asked players to avoid playing the game. Ukraine's Ministry of Digital Transformation also tried to have the game removed for purchasing in the country.

Composer Mick Gordon would donate his salary from the game to the Red Cross Ukraine Crisis appeal and condemned the war.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Atomic Heart
- **image**: Atomic Heart logo.svg
- **developer**: Mundfish
- **engine**: Unreal Engine 4
- **release**: February 21, 2023
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **modes**: Single-player
- **director**: Robert Bagratuni
- **producer**: Oleg Gorodishenin
- **designer**: Maxim Kolesnikov
- **programmer**: Andrey Dyakov
- **artist**: Artem Galeev
- **writer**: Alexander Romashkov
Robert Bagratuni
Artem Galeev
- **composer**: Andrey Bugrov
Mick Gordon (composer), Mick Gordon
Geoffrey Day
Christian Ugenti
Jaysh al-Salam

|colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;"|Jaysh al-Salam Army of Peace|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"|<span lang="Ar" class="nickname">جيش السلام</span>|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"||
|class="infobox-data agent"|Abdul Karim Obeid ("Abu Mohammed Kafr Zita")|
|class="infobox-data"|23 June 2015—late 2015/early 2016|
|class="infobox-data"|* Liberation Brigade * Free Raqqa Brigade (formerly Jihad in the Path of God Brigade) * Soldiers of the Two Holy Mosques Brigade (former) * Free Tabqa Brigade * Umanaa al-Raqqa Brigade * Harun al-Rashid Brigade * Tell Abyad Revolutionaries Brigade|
|class="infobox-data"|Tell Abyad, Raqqa Governorate, Syria|
|class="infobox-data label"|* Aleppo Governorate * Raqqa Governorate * Hasakah Governorate|
|class="infobox-data"|Syrian Democratic Forces * Euphrates Volcano Free Syrian Army|
|class="infobox-data"|* Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa * People's Protection Units|
|class="infobox-data"|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|
|class="infobox-data"|Syrian Civil War * Tell Abyad offensive * 2015 al-Hawl offensive * Tishrin Dam offensive * Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016) * Northern Raqqa offensive (2016) * Operation Euphrates Shield * Inner-SDF conflict during the Syrian Civil War|
|class="infobox-data"||
**Jaysh al-Salam** is a subgroup in the FSA with the goal of destroying Daesh in Raqqa.

In 2016, the group joined the SDF. The group was later replaced with other groups in the SDF.

## Ideology

The goal of Jaysh al-Islam is democracy for the Syrian people and keep unity between the territories of Syria. The group also said that it would strictly select commanders unlike other FSA sub groups such as Jaysh al-Izza.
Al Ayam (Sudan)

Al Ayam is a Sudanese newspaper and is the oldest independently run newspaper in the country of Sudan.

The newspaper was created by Mahjoub Mohamed Salih in the year 1958. The newspaper was closed twice by the Sudanese government and became government run in 1970. The paper was republished in 1986 but was closed again from 1989 to 2000.

In 2004 it was closed again by the government for independent reporting of the incident in Darfur.

In March of 2004, a Sudanese court ordered to close the newspaper forever but refused.
Doorway effect

The **doorway effect** is an unusual occurrence that happens in the brain. This effect usually happens due to short-term memory loss while going through a door.  Humans tend to forget recent information once crossing a boundary and often forget what they are thinking or planning to do after entering a different room.

Research says that this happens in both real life boundaries (ex: moving into a different room using a door) and imaginary/virtual boundaries (ex: switching desktop windows using the Alt+Tab keyboard shortcut on Windows or the Cmd+Tab keyboard shortcut on MacOS).
Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Нind

Ansar Ghazwat ul-Hind is a Al-Qaeda subgroup active in Kashmir fighting for a Islamic state under Sharia in Kashmir and jihad against India. The group pledges allegiance to both the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. The group was created in 2017 by a former Hizbul Mujahideen member.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Ansar Ghazwat ul-Hind
- **native name**: انُصَارُ غَزَوَاتِ الْهِنْدِ
- **native name lang**: ur
- **war**: Kashmir conflict and the Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
- **image**: Flag_of_Ansar_Ghazwat-ul-Hind.svg
- **caption**: Flag of Ansar Ghazwat ul-Hind
- **active**: July 2017–Present
- **ideology**: Islamic Jihad
Ghazwa-e-Hind
Separatism
- **area**: Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir
- **allies**: *Pakistan
*Hizbul Mujahideen
*Lashkar-e-Taiba
*Jaish-e-Mohammed
*Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
*Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
*Al-Badr (India), Al-Badr
*Afghan Taliban (denied by the Taliban)
- **battles**: Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
- **image size**: 200px
- **allegiance**: *Al-Qaeda
** al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent
- **founder**: Zakir Rashid Bhat
- **leader1 title**: Ameer
- **leader1 name**: Zakir Rashid Bhat, Zakir Musa
<small>(2017-19)</small>
 Hameed Lelhari
<small>(2019)</small>
Imtiyaz Shah
<small>(2019-2020)</small>
Ghazi Khalid Ibrahim
<small>(2020–present)</small>
- **spokesperson**: Talha Abdul Rahman
- **predecessor**: Former field operational commander of Hizbul Mujahideen.
- **status**: Active
- **media**: AL Hurr Media
María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide

**María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide** was born on (29 February 1872 in Mikosdpuszta, Austria-Hungary) as the eldest of three daughters of Prince Salvador de Iturbide and Baroness Gizella Maria Terezia Mikos de Tarrõdhàza. Her father was a grandson of Emperor Agustín I of Mexico.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **title**: Baroness von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt
- **name**: María Josepha
- **image**: María Josefa Sofía de Iturbide y Mikos.jpg
- **full name**:

- **succession**: Pretenders to the throne of Mexico
- **reign**: 3 March 1925 – November 1949
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **birth place**: Mikosdpuszta, Austria-Hungary (now Hungary)
- **death date**: November 1949 (aged 77)
- **death place**: Deva, Romania, Deva, Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania
- **father**: Salvador de Iturbide y Marzán, Salvador, Prince of Iturbide
- **mother**: Baroness Gizella María Terezia Mikos de Tarrodháza
- **spouse**: * Baron Johann Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt
* Charles de Carrière
- **issue**: * María Ana Tunkl-Iturbide
* Baroness Maria Gizella Tunkl-Iturbide, María Gisela Josefa Erna Isabela Tunkl-Iturbide
- **house**: House of Iturbide, Iturbide
Operation Weserübung

On 9 April 1940, the Wehrmacht launched a invasion of Denmark and Norway. In under six hours, the Danish surrendered, and the Germans launched the invasion of Norway.

By 10 June, both governments had surrendeed to the Germans.

## Infobox (military operation)

- **name**: Operation Weserübung
- **conflict**: World war 2
- **scope**: Strategic
- **type**: Amphibious
- **location**: Denmark and Norway
- **planned by**: Nazi Germany
- **commanded by**: General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
- **target**: Denmark and Norway
- **objective**: Secure German iron trade with sweden thru Norway and denkark
- **executed**: 9 April 1940
- **date**: 9 April – 10 June 1940
- **time-begin**: 04:15 9 April
- **time-end**: 18:00 10 June
- **timezone**: Central European Time (CET)
- **executed by**: Nazi Germany
- **outcome**: German Victory
Germany occupies Norway and Denmark
- **casualties**: * Kriegsmarine: 1 heavy cruiser, 2 light cruisers, 10 destroyers, various U-boats, transports, and smaller warships (total: 5,296 casualties)
* Denmark: 26 killed, 23 wounded
* Norway: 116 ships lost, 1,700 killed
* Royal Navy: 1 aircraft carrier, 2 cruisers, 7 destroyers, 1 submarine, various transports, and smaller warships
* French Navy: 1 destroyer, 1 submarine
* Polish Navy: 1 destroyer, 1 submarine
* Allies (total): 4,902 casualties
- **injuries**: *Denmark: 23 Injuried
Elden Ring

***Elden Ring*** is an action role-playing video game. It was published by FromSoftware in Japan and Bandai Namco Entertainment in the rest of the World. The game was developed by FromSoftware. Writer George R. R. Martin helped with the game. The game was released on February 25, 2022. They released the game for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S. It is similar to _Dark Souls_, making it a soulslike game.

In the game, the player travels the open World, trying to get Great Runes, which are shards of the Elden Ring. They have to defeat bosses to find them. The player tries to work their way up to becoming the new ruler of the kingdom and the Elden Lord.

On June 20, 2024, downloadable content titled **Shadow of the Erdtree** was released for the game.

## Reception

The game was very well liked by both game critics and players. Critics said that they liked how large the open world environment was and how the player could explore it.

Since February 2024, _Elden Ring_ has sold over 23 million copies worldwide.

The game has also won many awards. It is the most awarded game in video game history.

Among the awards won, it has been named Game of the Year by multiple different video game publications.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Elden Ring
- **image**: Elden Ring logo black.svg
- **developer**: FromSoftware
- **publisher**: Bandai Namco Entertainment
FromSoftware <small>(Japan)</small>
- **engine**: FromEngine
- **platforms**: PlayStation 4
PlayStation 5
Windows
Xbox One
Xbox Series X and Series S, Xbox Series X/S
- **release**: February 25, 2022
- **genre**: Action role-playing game, Action role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **director**: Hidetaka Miyazaki
Yui Tanimura
- **producer**: Yuzo Kojima
- **designer**: Yosuke Kayugawa
Ryu Matsumoto
- **programmer**: Takeshi Suzuki
Yuki Kido
- **artist**: Hidenori Sato
Ryo Fujimaki
- **writer**: Hidetaka Miyazaki
George R. R. Martin
- **composer**: Tsukasa Saitoh
Shoi Miyazawa
Tai Tomisawa
Yuka Kitamura
Yoshimi Kudo
Vital Signs (Rush song)

"**Vital Signs**" is a 1982 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush. It was taken from their eighth studio album _Moving Pictures_ and was heavily influenced by reggae rock music by The Police. It was carried over into its next three studio albums. It went to number 41 in the United Kingdom after it was released there.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Vital Signs
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Rush (band), Rush
- **album**: Moving Pictures (album), Moving Pictures
- **b-side**: * "A Passage to Bangkok"
* "In the Mood (Rush song), In the Mood"
- **released**: (UK)
- **recorded**: October–November 1980
- **studio**: Le Studio, Morin Heights, Quebec
- **genre**: * Reggae rock
* progressive rock
* New wave music, new wave
- **label**: Mercury Records, Mercury
- **writer**: * Neil Peart
* Geddy Lee
* Alex Lifeson
- **producer**: * Rush
* Terry Brown (record producer), Terry Brown
- **prev title**: Limelight (Rush song), Limelight
- **prev year**: 1981
- **next title**: Tom Sawyer (song), Tom Sawyer (live)
- **next year**: 1981