juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Poul Anderson

**Poul William Anderson** (November 25, 1926 – July 31, 2001) was an American science fiction author. He began his career during the Golden Age of the genre and continued to write and remain popular into the 21st century. Anderson also wrote books of fantasy, historical novels, and a very large number of short stories. He received many awards for his writing, including seven Hugo Awards and three Nebula Awards.

## Early life and career

Anderson received a degree in physics from the University of Minnesota in 1948. He married Karen Kruse in 1953. They had one daughter, Astrid, who is married to the science fiction author Greg Bear. Anderson was the sixth President of Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, starting in 1972.

He was a founding member of the Society for Creative Anachronism. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel _The Cat Who Walks Through Walls_ to Anderson and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy.

Poul Anderson died of cancer on July 31, 2001, after a month in the hospital. Several of his novels were published after his death.
Coco (2017 movie)

***Coco*** is a 2017 Mexican-American computer-animated musical fantasy movie.

## Production

It was made by Pixar and The Jim Henson Company. The director Lee Unkrich and Adrian Molina. The movie stars the voices of Anthony Gonzalez and Benjamin Bratt.

## Main character

The movie centers on a boy named Miguel who dreams of being a musician and is later taken to the afterlife on Día de los Muertos.

## Release

_Coco_ was released on November 22, 2017. It was released with _Olaf's Frozen Adventure_, a short movie that runs for about 14 minutes in theaters before _Coco_ is shown.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Coco
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **alt**: Theatrical release poster depicting the characters Coco, Dante the dog, Miguel, Héctor, Ernesto, and Imelda when viewing clockwise from the bottom left around the white Day of the Dead-styled guitar. The guitar has a calavera-styled headstock with a small black silhouette of Miguel, who is carrying a guitar, and Dante (a dog) at the bottom. The neck of the guitar splits the background with their village during the day on the left and at night with fireworks on the right. The film's logo is visible below the poster with the "Thanksgiving" release date.
- **director**: Lee Unkrich
- **producer**: Lisa Henson
Darla K. Anderson
- **music**: Michael Giacchino
- **editing**: Steve Bloom
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
- **runtime**: 105 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $175–225million
- **gross**: $807.8million
Blimp

A **blimp** is a kind of airship. Some airships have a structure in them. They have no structure in them. They were used by the United States in WWII to fight against submarines. They are now used mostly for advertising.
Balloon (aircraft)

A **balloon** is a kind of aircraft that stays in the sky by floating. People fly in balloons mostly for fun.

A balloon is different from an airship. An airship is a floating aircraft that has an engine and can change its direction of movement. A balloon has no engine and has no way to change its direction of movement (except up and down). A balloon travels by moving with the wind.

The bottom of the balloon is called the "basket" where people can sit or stand.

The top of a balloon is a big cloth bag called the "envelope".

## Kinds of balloon aircraft

There are three  kinds of balloon aircraft:
- Hot air balloons stay in the sky by making the air inside the envelope hot. Making the air hot makes the air spread out (have lower density).  Hot air balloons are the most common kind of balloon aircraft.  People sometimes say "hot air balloon" to mean any kind of balloon aircraft.  But this is not exactly correct.
- Gas balloons are not hot.  Gas balloons have gas of low density in their envelopes.  Examples of the gas used in gas balloons are helium and hydrogen.
- Rozière balloons are like both hot air balloons and gas balloons.  Part of the envelope has hot air in it.  Part of the envelope has a gas that's not hot in it. Rozière balloons can fly very far. Rozière balloons have flown around the world without stopping.

## Other websites

- Videos for Balloon
- The Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF)

cy:Balŵn
ml:ബലൂണ്‍ (ആകാശനൗക)
Benoît Mandelbrot

**Benoît B. Mandelbrot** (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-French-American mathematician. Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw into a Jewish-Lithuanian family. He is best known for his works with fractal geometry. He lived and worked until his death in the United States. He was a professor at the University of Yale.

Mandelbrot was born in Warsaw, Poland. His family lived in France under German occupation. He died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 85 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

His most known development is the Mandelbrot set, which he discovered and described in 1979.
Echolocation

**Echolocation** is a way that some animals use to determine the location of things. They emit sound waves and listen for the echo. They use the delay to determine the distance. It is a kind of biological sonar.

Microbats find their insect prey in the dark this way.  Whales and dolphins are two other kinds of mammals that use echolocation. Their sound waves go through the water, while the bats' sound waves go through the air.

Radar is man-made echolocation using radio waves.
Serval

The **serval** (_Leptailurus serval_) is a medium-sized wild cat which lives in sub-Saharan Africa. It is the only species in its genus.

## Description

The serval has the longest legs of all cats, relative to its size. Not only can it run fast, but it is an amazing jumper: two to three metres from a standing start.

Its length as an adult is about 32 inches (body) and 16 inches (tail). It weighs about forty pounds. There are a number of subspecies, and its geographical range is from the Cape of South Africa to Algeria, wherever the circumstances are right for it.

It is lightly built, with very large ears and long legs. The back of the ears is black with a big white spot, and the tip of the tail is black. These signs serve as signals to other servals, including kittens.

### Habitat

The serval needs access to water, and dense grassland. Reed beds, scrub or high grass are typical habitats. It is territorial.

## Hunting and diet

The serval is nocturnal, and hunts mostly at night. The serval is  an opportunistic predator whose diet includes rodents, hares, hyraxes, birds, reptiles, insects, fish, and frogs.

As part of its adaptations for hunting in the savannas, the serval's long legs help it achieve a top speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph), and has large ears with acute hearing. Its long legs and neck allow the serval to see over tall grasses, while its ears are used to detect prey, even those burrowing underground. Servals have been known to dig into burrows in search of underground prey, and to leap 2 to 3 metres (7 to 10 ft) into the air to grab birds in flight. Using its spectacular jumping ability, the serval leaps into the air and bats the bird with its front paws. When the bird is on the ground, it bites its neck, killing it.

Like most cats, the serval is a solitary animal. It travels as much as  each night in search of food. The female defends home ranges of , depending on local prey availability. The male defends larger territories of , and marks its territory by spraying urine onto bushes.
0.999...

**0.999...**, also written as 0. or 0., and read as "0 point 9 repeating", is one of the ways the number 1 can be written. Even though it does not have any ones in it, it is still equal in value to 1.

## About

0. is a repeating decimal, which means the nines after the decimal point keep going forever. No matter how far you look, there will still be more nines.

It is hard for many people to understand why 0. is the same as 1. There are many proofs that show why they are the same number, but many of these proofs are very complex.

## Examples

One simple way of showing that 0. and 1 are the same thing is to divide them both by the number 3. When 0. is divided by 3, the answer is 0.. When 1 is divided by 3, the answer is also 0..

If 0. and 1 divided by 3 are the same, then they must be the same even without the division.

Another way of thinking about it is if  and , then  therefore, as , 0.999... must also equal 1. There are many other ways of showing this.

Another simple way of proving that 0. = 1 is by accepting the simple fact that if two numbers are different, there must be at least one number between them. For example, a number between 1 and 0.9 is 0.95, and a number between 0.99 and 1 is 0.995. Since 0. has an infinite number of 9s, there cannot be another number after the "last" 9, because there is no last 9. Therefore, there is no number between 0. and 1. Therefore, they are equal.

A more mathematical proof can be found with the following equation:

## In popular culture

As the Internet developed, arguments about 0. are often on newsgroups and message boards. Even newsgroups and message boards that do not have much to do with math argue about this. In the newsgroup sci.math, arguing about 0. is a "popular sport". It is also one of the questions in its FAQ.

## Related pages

- Limit (mathematics)

## Other websites

- Why does 0.9999... = 1?
- Ask A Scientist: Repeating Decimals
- A Friendly Chat About Whether 0.999... = 1
Ophthalmosauridae

**Ophthalmosauridae** were a family of Ichthyosaurs which lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous period.

Within Ophthalmosauridae there are two lineages, one including _Aegirosaurus_ and _Ophthalmosaurus_, and the other including _Brachypterygius_, _Caypullisaurus_ and _Platypterygius_.

Only three genera survived the end-Jurassic extinction event: _Caypullisaurus_, _Maiaspondylus_, and _Platypterygius_. They did, however, have a worldwide distribution. The last to survive was _Platypterygius_. This genus became extinct about 30 million years before the end of the Upper Cretaceous period. It happened when there was a deep ocean anoxic event, which wiped out all the animals below pelagic waters. Ichthyosaurs, being reptiles, came to the surface to breath, but the extinction event removed their prey species.
Anoxic event

An **anoxic event** (AE) is an event in which parts of the ocean have become low in oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) below the surface levels, or when all the oxygen has gone. They may be called **oceanic anoxic events** or **deep ocean anoxic events**.

Major anoxic events have happened, though not for millions of years. The geological record of organic-rich sediment (black shales) shows that they happened in the past. However, only "in rare, extreme cases, [did] euxinia lead to biotic crises. [The] hypothesis  [is] best supported by evidence from the end-Permian mass extinction".

Anoxic events may have caused mass extinctions. These mass extinctions were so characteristic that they have been used by geologists as markers in biostratigraphic dating. Typically, oceanic anoxic events last for under half a million years, before a full recovery.

There are several places on earth today that show the features of anoxic events on a localized level. 'Dead zones' exist off the East Coast of the United States in the Chesapeake Bay, in the Scandinavian strait Kattegat, the Black Sea, in the northern Adriatic and off the coast of Louisiana.

## Events which may have caused anoxic events

It is not known why anoxic events may have happened. Some ideas include:

1. Global warm climate leading to a huge growth of biomass.
1. High rainfall sweeping organic material down into the oceans.
1. Deep water circulation between poles and the equator stopping.
1. Oceanic oxygen being used up, and not being replaced fast enough.
1. Poisonous hydrogen sulphide collecting in the oceans.
1. Oceans becoming hostile to most forms of life

All of these events may have caused mass extinction in the seas, changing ways in which all animals which feed on sea creatures.

### Jurassic

- Toarcian event 183 million years ago (mya)

### Lower Cretaceous

- Aptian: mid-Aptian extinction event, 116/7 mya.

### Upper Cretaceous

- Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event: black shale deposition in ocean basins. 91.5 (±8.6) mya.

### Cainozoic

- Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), 55.8 mya.
Metriacanthosaurus

***Metriacanthosaurus*** is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in Europe during the Middle Jurassic period, about 160 million years ago. Its name means "Moderate-spined lizard", because its back vertebrae are taller than other meat-eating dinosaurs such as _Allosaurus_, but shorter than those of other meat-eating dinosaurs, such as _Acrocanthosaurus_. Like most theropods, _Metriacanthosaurus_ was a meat-eater. It had three fingers on each hand. Each finger ended in a sharp, hook-like claw that was used to grab prey before giving the killing bite with its jaws. It probably preyed on the large, long-necked sauropods, such as _Pelorosaurus_, that lived in the same time and place as it. It was originally classified as a megalosaurid, but recent studies show that it belongs to its own family, the Metriacanthosauridae

## In popular culture

In _Jurassic Park_, one of the vials of dinosaur DNA that Dennis Nedry steals is labeled _Metriacanthosaurus_.
Acrocanthosaurus

***Acrocanthosaurus*** was a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Lower Cretaceous period. Its name means "high-spined lizard." This refers to the spines on its vertebrae, which formed a sail or hump when the animal was alive.

Its classification is uncertain. It was originally classified as a spinosaur because the spines on its back looked like those of _Spinosaurus_. However, _Acrocanthosaurus_ is now classified as a carnosaur. Most paleontologists believe that it was a carcharodontosaurid.

_Acrocanthosaurus_ was 38 feet long, almost as large as _Tyrannosaurus rex_, and weighed about 6 or 7 short tons. It was the largest theropod in North America before the evolution of the tyrannosaurs.

Long, low ridges start at the nasal bones. They run along each side of the snout from the nostril back to the eye, and they continue onto the lacrimal bones. This is a characteristic feature of all allosaurids.

A famous trackway in Paluxy, Texas shows tracks of what might be an _Acrocanthosaurus_ and its prey. While interesting and plausible, this hypothesis is difficult to prove, and other explanations exist.

## In popular culture

_Acrocanthosaurus_ was featured in an episode of the television documentary _Monsters Resurrected_. It was depicted as the top predator in early Cretaceous North America. A juvenile was scared away from its kill by a pack of _Deinonychus_, and was forced to hunt more difficult prey, such as a _Sauropelta_.
Flood basalt

A **flood basalt** or **trap basalt** is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava.

Flood basalts have covered areas as large as a continent in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges.  Flood basalts have erupted at various times throughout Earth history. They are clear evidence that the Earth has periods of higher activity rather than being in a uniform steady state.

One explanation for flood basalts is that they are caused by the combination of continental rifting and its associated melting. Then a mantle plume produces vast quantities of a basaltic magma. These have a low viscosity, which is why they 'flood' rather than form taller volcanoes.

Flood basalts start at between 100 and 400 km depth, in the asthenosphere. To get a partial melting as large as that of the traps, expelling huge quantities of lava, it is necessary to have a large heat input. Such melting can take place near a hotspot, resulting in a mixture of magma from the depths of the hotspot with superficial magma produced by a mantle plume.

## Lava plateaux

A **lava plateau** is a flat, wide surface (plateau) that is formed when lava comes out of the ground and spreads out very quickly. The layers of lava can build up over time to form a lava plateau. Here are the general properties of lava plateaux:

- They are very large areas of basaltic lava with a layered structure.
- Lava makes the plateau bigger, and higher, with each eruption.
- They tend to be flat.
- Mid-ocean ridge eruptions make large plains on the sea floor.
- The lava of these plateaux are thin and runny.
- These plateaux may take millions of years to form.
- Overtime a number of fissure eruptions in the same area can build up a high plateau.

## Examples

The Emeishan Traps in southwestern China, around Sichuan province, the Deccan Traps of central India, the Siberian Traps, and the Columbia River Plateau of western North America are four large regions covered by prehistoric flood basalts. The two largest flood basalt events in historic time have been at Eldgjá and Lakagigar, both in Iceland. The largest and best-preserved continental flood basalt terrain on Earth is part of the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province in Canada. The maria on the Moon are additional, even more extensive, flood basalts.  Flood basalts on the ocean floor produce oceanic plateaus.

The surface covered by one eruption can vary from around 200,000 km² (Karoo) to 1,500,000 km² (Siberian Traps).  The thickness can vary from 2000 metres (Deccan Traps) to 12,000 m (Lake Superior). These are smaller than the original volumes due to erosion.

Another example of a lava plateau is the Giant's Causeway, in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. This is was originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau.
Siberian Traps

The **Siberian Traps** form a large region of volcanic rock, known as a large igneous province, in the Russian region of Siberia.

The large eruptions which formed the traps were one of the largest known volcanic events of the last 500 million years of Earth history. They continued for a million years and spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary, about 251 to 250 million years ago. It was the same time as the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which is estimated to have killed 90% of species existing at the time. The eruption of the Siberian Traps is a possible cause of this "Great Dying".

The term "traps" is derived from the Swedish word for stairs (_trappa_, or sometimes _trapp_), referring to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region, which is typical of flood basalts.

## Geographical extent

Vast volumes of basaltic lava paved over a large expanse of primaeval Siberia in a flood basalt event. Today the area covered is about 2 million km² – roughly equal to western Europe in land area – and estimates of the original coverage are as high as 7 million km². The original volume of lava is estimated to range from 1 to 4 million km³.

## Origin

The source of the Siberian Traps basalt was, probably, a mantle plume at the base of the crust which erupted through the Siberian craton (the oldest part of the Siberian continental plate). Helium isotope analysis from the basalts indicates a plume origin. The scientific debate continues. There is a minority controversial theory which argues that the traps were caused by a large asteroid impact.

## The Great Dying

This massive eruptive event spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary, about 250 million years ago, and is widely cited as a cause of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.  This extinction event, also called the Great Dying, affected all life on Earth, and is estimated to have killed 90% of species living at the time. Life on land took 30 million years to recover from the environmental disruptions caused by the eruption of the Siberian Traps.

## Siberian Traps and nickel

The Siberian Traps are considered to have erupted through numerous vents over a period of a million years or more, probably east and south of Norilsk in Siberia. The giant Norilsk nickel-copper-palladium deposit formed within the magma flows in the main Siberian Traps. The presence of extensive tuff and pyroclastic deposits suggests that a number of large explosive eruptions occurred during or before the eruptions of basaltic lavas. The presence of silicic volcanic rocks such as rhyolite is also indicative of explosive eruptions.

## Related pages

- Flood basalt
- Deccan Traps

## Other websites

- The Siberian Traps
- The Siberian Traps, by Richard Cowen
- The Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province
- Toxic Gases Caused World's Worst Extinction
College of Marin

The **College of Marin** is a community college in Marin County, California, U.S.. It has one campus in Kentfield and another in Novato.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: <big>College of Marin</big>
- **established**: 1926
- **type**: Public community college
- **head label**: Superintendent/
President
- **head**: David Wain Coon, Ph.D.
- **students**: 6,667 (1,350 full-time & 5,317 part-time)
- **city**: Kentfield, California, Kentfield & Novato, California, Novato
- **state**: California
- **country**: United States, USA
- **campus**: Suburban
Kentfield (27 acres)
Indian Valley (360 acres)
- **colors**: Black and Gold (color), Gold
- **nickname**: The Mariners
- **athletics**: [http://www.marin.cc.ca.us/departments/athletics/ Intercollegiate Athletics]
- **affiliations**: [http://www.coasports.org/Bay_Valley/ Bay Valley Conference]
Western Association of Schools and Colleges, Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges
- **website**: http://www.marin.edu/
- **publictransit**: Golden Gate Transit
Tellurium(II) chloride

**Tellurium(II) chloride**, also known as **tellurium dichloride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeCl<sub>2</sub>. It contains tellurium in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains chloride ions.

## Properties

Tellurium(II) chloride is a black solid. It absorbs water. It can be oxidized to tellurium(IV) chloride. It reacts with water.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(II) bromide
- Tellurium(IV) bromide
Tellurous acid

**Tellurous acid** is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub>. It contains hydrogen and tellurite ions. It can be made by reacting tellurium dioxide with water. It is not made as easily as telluric acid.

It is a weak oxidizing agent and a weak reducing agent. It easily turns back into tellurium dioxide and water. It is a weak acid. It reacts with bases to make tellurites.

## Related pages

- Telluric acid
- Sodium tellurite
Tellurium(IV) chloride

**Tellurium(IV) chloride**, also known as **tellurium tetrachloride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeCl<sub>4</sub>. It contains tellurium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains chloride ions.

## Properties

Tellurium(IV) chloride is a pale yellow solid. It melts easily to a red liquid. It evaporates easily. It reacts with water to make tellurium dioxide and hydrochloric acid. It is toxic and corrosive.

## Preparation

Tellurium(IV) chloride is made by reacting tellurium powder and chlorine.

## Uses

It is used in making organic compounds.

## Related pages

- Selenium(IV) chloride
- Tellurium(II) chloride
Tellurium chloride

**Tellurium chloride** may refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Tellurium(II) chloride
- Tellurium(IV) chloride
U.S. Route 78

**U.S. Route 78** is an east–west highway. It goes from Memphis, Tennessee to Charleston, South Carolina.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 78
- **length mi**: 715
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: West
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus a**: at Memphis, Memphis, Tenn.
- **junction**: at Memphis, Tenn.

at Tupelo, Mississippi, Tupelo, Miss.

at Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, Ala.

at Birmingham, Ala.

at Atlanta, Georgia, Atlanta, Ga.

at St. George, South Carolina, St. George, S.C.
- **terminus b**: at Charleston, S.C.
Kim Clijsters

**Kim Clijsters** (; born 8 June 1983)is a Belgian retired tennis player. She used to be ranked as the World No. 1. On 22 August 2011 she was ranked third in the world.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: Kim Clijsters
- **image**: Kim Clijsters.jpg
- **caption**: Kim Clijsters at the 2011 Open GDF Suez
- **residence**: Bree, Belgium, Bree, Belgium
- **birth place**: Bilzen, Belgium
- **height**: 1.74 m (5 ft 8½ in)
- **turnedpro**: 17 August 1997
- **retired**: 6 May 2007 – 26 March 2009; 3 September 2012
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **coach**: Bart Van Kerckhoven (1992–1996)
Carl Maes (1996–2002; 2011–2012)
Marc Dehous (2002–2005)
Wim Fissette (2009–2011)
- **careerprizemoney**: (As of 29 August 2016)
- **tennishofyear**: 2017
- **tennishofid**: kim-clijsters
- **singlestitles**: 41 WTA, 3 ITF<small></small>
- **highestsinglesranking**: No. **1** (11 August 2003)
- **australianopenresult**: **W** (2011 Australian Open – Women's Singles, 2011)
- **frenchopenresult**: F (2001 French Open – Women's Singles, 2001, 2003 French Open – Women's Singles, 2003)
- **wimbledonresult**: SF (2003 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2003, 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2006)
- **usopenresult**: **W** (2005 US Open – Women's Singles, 2005, 2009 US Open – Women's Singles, 2009, 2010 US Open – Women's Singles, 2010)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **wtachampionshipsresult**: **W** (2002 WTA Tour Championships, 2002, 2003 WTA Tour Championships, 2003, 2010 WTA Tour Championships, 2010)
- **olympicsresult**: QF (Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles, 2012)
- **doublesrecord**: 131–55
- **doublestitles**: 11 WTA, 3 ITF
- **highestdoublesranking**: No. **1** (4 August 2003)
- **australianopendoublesresult**: QF (2003 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2003)
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: **W** (2003 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2003)
- **wimbledondoublesresult**: **W** (2003 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, 2003)
- **usopendoublesresult**: QF (2002 US Open (tennis)#Women's doubles, 2002)
- **mixed**: yes
- **frenchopenmixedresult**: 3R (2000 French Open – Mixed Doubles, 2000)
- **wimbledonmixedresult**: F (2000 Wimbledon Championships#Mixed doubles, 2000)
- **usopenmixedresult**: 2R (2012 US Open – Mixed Doubles, 2012)
- **team**: yes
- **fedcupresult**: **W** (2001 Fed Cup, 2001)
U.S. Route 25

**U.S. Route 25** is a US highway in the east part of the United States of America. It goes from north to south. The road begins in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the Ohio River and ends in Brunswick, Georgia, close to the Atlantic Ocean.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 25
- **length mi**: 750
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: in Brunswick, Georgia, Brunswick, GA
- **junction**: near Brunswick, Georgia, Brunswick, GA

near Register, Georgia, Register, GA

near North Augusta, South Carolina, North Augusta, SC

in Greenville, South Carolina, Greenville, SC

near Flat Rock, North Carolina, Flat Rock, NC

in Asheville, North Carolina, Asheville, NC

in Newport, Tennessee, Newport, TN

in North Corbin, Kentucky, North Corbin, KY

near Lexington, Kentucky, Lexington, KY

in Covington, Kentucky, Covington, KY
- **terminus b**: in Covington, Kentucky, Covington, KY
Asheville, North Carolina

**Asheville** is the county seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is located where the Swannanoa River and the French Broad River meet. The population of Asheville was counted as 94,589 in 2020. Asheville is the largest city in the North Carolina mountains.
June Cleaver

**June Cleaver** is a literary reference meaning "the perfect stay-at-home mom" referring to the mother in the U.S. television show _Leave it to Beaver_ which was released from 1957 to 1963. Women writers viewing the show sometimes had difficulty living up to or agreeing with such a feminine mystique.  June Cleaver is often referred to in remarks justifying a messy home such as “June Cleaver made having a spotless house look so effortless . . .” The character was played by actress Barbara Billingsley, a lifelong resident of Los Angeles county, California, U.S.A.
Jack Tweed

**Jack’ Tweed** (born 9 June 1987) is a British television personality.

Tweed started his career as Jade Goody's partner. He became widely known in 2007 after being on _Celebrity Big Brother UK_. He caused controversy when he called housemate Shilpa Shetty a "cunt" and "Paki" and said that she should remove objects from the toilet with her teeth. After _Celebrity Big Brother_, Goody miscarried his child in 2007. He married her on 22 February 2009 and she died of cervical cancer a month later. He appeared in 2010 ITV2 programme _The Only Way Is Essex_. In 2010, he had a relationship with Chanelle Hayes.

Tweed has had several legal issues. These include an 18-month prison sentence in September 2008 for assault occasioning actual bodily harm for attacking a 16-year-old boy with a golf club in December 2006. In March 2009, he was found guilty of common assault for attacking a taxi driver in May 2008. He was tried for the rape of a 19-year-old woman in April 2010, but found not guilty. In January 2011 he punched a man, for which he was convicted of common assault in August 2011.
Quadrilateral

In Euclidean plane geometry, a **quadrilateral** is a polygon with four edges (or sides) and four vertices (or corners). Sometimes, a quadrilateral is called a **quadrangle** (similar to the term "triangle"), while other times, the term **tetragon** is used (similar to other polygon names such as pentagon and hexagon). The origin of the word quadrilateral is the two Latin words _quadri_, a variant of four, and _latus_, meaning "side".

A quadrilateral with vertices , , ,  is sometimes written as .

All the sides of a quadrilateral are straight, and the interior angles of a quadrilateral add up to 360°.

This is a special case of the _n_-gon interior angle sum formula: (_n_ − 2) × 180°.

Almost all quadrilaterals tile the plane, by repeated rotation around the midpoints of their edges. The only quadrilaterals that do not do this are the ones with edges that intersect with each other.

## Kinds of quadrilaterals

Quadrilaterals can be either complex, also called crossed (self-intersecting), or simple (not self-intersecting). Simple quadrilaterals are either convex or concave.

There are different kinds of simple quadrilaterals. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel edges, where one edge is shorter than the other. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel edges.

Squares, rectangles, and rhombuses are special types of parallelograms. A rectangle has four right angles, while a rhombus has four sides of the same length. A square has four right angles and four sides of the same length, making it a regular polygon. This makes squares a type of rectangle and rhombus.

## Related pages

- Cube
- Cuboid

## Infobox (polygon)

- **name**: Quadrilateral
- **image**: Six Quadrilaterals.svg
- **caption**: Some types of quadrilaterals
- **edges**: 4
- **schläfli**: {4} (for square)
- **area**: various methods, usually base time height
- **angle**: 90° (for square and rectangle)
Yangchuanosaurus

***Yangchuanosaurus*** was a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Jurassic of China. It was a fairly typical carnosaur, with a large head, sharp, serrated teeth, and relatively short arms (though not as short as those of _Tyrannosaurus_). It was the largest predator in its part of the world. _Yangchuanosaurus_ probably preyed on sauropods, such as _Mamenchisaurus_, or stegosaurs, such as _Tuojiangosaurus_.

There are two species. _Y. zigongensis_ is from the Middle Jurassic, and _Y. shangyouensis_ is from the Upper Jurassic. Specimens were collected from the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry of Zigong, Sichuan.

The Middle Jurassic _Y. zigongensis_ is known from four incomplete specimens. There are two specimens of the Upper Jurassic _Y. shangyouensis_, which were at first put into separate species. Later analysis showed they were probably different ages or variations of the same species.

The first skull is 82 cm (2.7 ft) long, and its total body length about 8 m (26 ft). The other specimen was even larger. It had a skull length of 1.11 m (3.6 ft). It may have been up to 10.8 m (35.4 ft) long, and weighed as much as 3.4 metric tons (3.7 short tons). There was a bony knob on its nose and multiple hornlets and ridges, similar to _Ceratosaurus_. It had a massive tail that was about half its length.
Pelorosaurus

***Pelorosaurus conybeari*** is the name given to a few sauropod dinosaur bones from the Lower Cretaceous period, about 138–112 million years ago.

Bones of _Pelorosaurus_ have been found in England and Portugal. It was a Brachiosaur, with front legs that were longer than its hind legs.

The name has been challenged, and has been the subject of long-lasting dispute. Some palaeontologists prefer the name ***Cetiosaurus brevis***.

The taxonomic status of _Pelorosaurus_ is as a result very problematic. Technically, _Cetiosaurus brevis_ is its type species. The position of _Pelorosaurus_ is further undermined by the fact that several researchers hold that the genus is a _nomen dubium_ ('doubtful name').

_Pelorosaurus_ was one of the first dinosaurs described, and the naming procedures were not so well-developed at the time. Its life-style is assumed to be similar to other brachiosaurs, eating from the higher branches of tall conifer trees.
Pope Leo X

**Pope Leo X** (; 11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born **Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici**, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 218th Pope from 1513 to his death in 1521.

## Early life

Giovanni de Medici was born in Florence.  He was the second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent.

He studied theology and canon law at Pisa from 1489 to 1491.

## Priest

Six days after his election as pope in 1513, Medici was ordained as a priest.

## Bishop

Two days after his ordination and eight days after his election as pope in 1513, Medici was made a bishop.

## Cardinal

At the age of 13, Pope Innocent VIII named Medici cardinal in 1489.

## Pope

Cardinal Medici was elected pope on 9 March 1513. On the 15 March he was ordained priest, and he was consecrated as bishop on March 17. He was crowned Pope on 19 March at the age of 37.

Pope Leo was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Leo was a patron of Michelangelo and Raphael.

## Related pages

- List of popes
- List of popes from the Medici family

## Other websites

- "Leo X", _Encyclopædia Britannica_, 1911
- Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Leo X
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Medici

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: pope
- **name**: Leo X
- **image**: Raffaello, ritratto di papa leone X tra i cardinali luigi de' rossi e giulio de' medici, 1518, 03.jpg
- **caption**: Detail from Raphael's _Portrait of Leo X_
- **birth name**: Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
- **birth place**: Florence
- **death place**: Rome
- **term start**: 9 March 1513
- **term end**: 1 December 1521
- **predecessor**: Pope Julius II
- **successor**: Pope Adrian VI
- **other**: Leo
Crumpet

A **crumpet** is a kind of flat, small round bread that is raised by yeast. They are about the same size as an English muffin. They are made in crumpet rings that are four inches wide and usually one inch deep. Crumpets are usually baked on a griddle and served toasted. A well-baked crumpet has a brown bottom and a spongey top that has many tiny holes. Crumpets are toasted whole, while English muffins are split and then toasted. After the baking, crumpets are spread with butter or cream and jam.

## Definition

The word of crumpet may come from the Middle English word _crompid_ (cake), or _curled_ (cake). Or it may come from the past participle of the Middle English verb _crumpen_, which means to curl up. It could also have come from _crumb_, _crump_, or _crooked_, all Old English. Crumpet is also used as British slang for a particularly sexually attractive woman. In Australian slang, it is part of the expression: "not worth a crumpet," meaning that somebody or something is useless.

## History

The first recipe for crumpets was long ago, referred to frequently as the "crompid cake" by many. The Oxford English Dictionary traced the history back to 1382.

The Oxford Companion to Food also says that the earliest published recipe for crumpets was by Elizabeth Raffald, in 1769. There, the "crompid cake" is mentioned as well with buckwheat griddle cakes so it is believed that there is a connection between crumpets and the buckwheat pancake.

Elizabeth Raffald mentions it in her book of _The Experienced English Housekeeper_. Her recipe is very similar to the modern crumpet recipe, especially in the baking, buttering, and serving.
Edam cheese

**Edam** is a type of Dutch cheese. It is named after the town that it comes from, Edam in the Netherlands. Edam cheese is pale yellow. It is often sold in round pieces, covered in red paraffin wax. Edam that is sold in the Netherlands (and not exported) does not usually have wax on it.
The Night Angel Trilogy

***The Night Angel Trilogy*** is a series of fantasy novels written by Brent Weeks. The first book in the series, _The Way of Shadows_, was published in October 2008, and the third book, _Beyond the Shadows_, was published in December 2008.

## Books

- _The Way of Shadows_
- _Shadow's Edge_
- _Beyond the Shadows_
Taylor Chorney

**Taylor Chorney** (born April 27, 1987) is a Canadian-born American professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Edmonton Oilers and St. Louis Blues.

He was drafted by the Edmonton Oilers with the 36th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. He previously played at the University of North Dakota. He also was on Team USA at the 2006 World Junior Championships. Chorney represented the USA again in the 2007 World Juniors, where he was team captain. He made his NHL debut on April 10, 2009 against the Calgary Flames. He recorded his first NHL point in his first game of the 2009-10 season, by assisting one of Zack Stortini's two goals on October 12, 2009 on the road against the Nashville Predators.

His father, Marc, played 210 games in the NHL for the Pittsburgh Penguins and Los Angeles Kings.

On July 1, 2014, Chorney signed one-year, two-way contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Taylor Chorney.JPG
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 193
- **team**: Pittsburgh Penguins
- **former teams**: Edmonton Oilers
St. Louis Blues
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **ntl team**: United States
- **birth place**: Thunder Bay, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 36th overall
- **draft year**: 2005
- **draft team**: Edmonton Oilers
- **career start**: 2008
Discovery Channel

**Discovery Channel** (known as **The Discovery Channel** from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply **Discovery**)  is an American cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. As of June 2012, Discovery Channel was the third most widely distributed subscription channel in the United States, behind now-sibling channel EBS, BBC, ABC, CBS, PBS, CBC and PTV. it is available in 409 million households worldwide, through its U.S. flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally.

It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science, technology, and history, but by the 2010s had expanded into reality television and pseudo-scientific entertainment.

As of September 2018, Discovery Channel is available to approximately 88,589,000 pay television households in the United States.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Discovery Channel
- **logo**: Discovery Channel - Logo 2019.svg
- **owner**: Warner Bros. Discovery
- **parent**: List of assets owned by Warner Bros. Discovery#Warner Bros. Discovery Networks, Warner Bros. Discovery Networks
- **country**: United States
- **area**: Nationwide
- **headquarters**: 230 Park Avenue South, New York City
- **former names**: The Discovery Channel (1985–1995)
- **picture format**: 1080i High-definition television, HDTV

- **online chan 1**: FuboTV, Sling TV, YouTube TV, Philo (company), Philo, Hulu + Live TV
Charonosaurus

**Charonosaurus** was a genus of hadrosaur that lived at the very end of the Upper Cretaceous, about 65 million years ago. Its remains were found in China.

The partial skull resembles that of _Parasaurolophus_ from North America. This does _not_ suggest a Bering land bridge existed during the Cretaceous period, since at that time North America was far away from Eastern Asia. Instead, it is likely that this group of hadrosaurs all had a similar long, backward-projecting hollow crest. It may have been used for trumpeting their calls. In other words, their skull shape was a basal feature.

_Charonosaurus_ was a very large lambeosaurine hadrosaur (estimated around 13 m (42.5 ft) long), known from a partial skull found in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. Adult and juvenile hadrosaur remains were found in the same area. They give information on the rest of the skeleton; the femur length was up to 1.35 m. (4.5 ft).

## In popular culture

_Charonosaurus_ was featured in the Discovery Channel television documentary The Last Day of the Dinosaurs, where it was the prey of _Troodon_.
Tellurium(IV) iodide

**Tellurium(IV) iodide**, also known as **tellurium tetraiodide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeI<sub>4</sub>. It contains tellurium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains iodide ions.

## Properties

Tellurium(IV) iodide is a black solid. It breaks down when heated to tellurium(II) iodide and iodine. It is a weak reducing agent. It conducts electricity when melted.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting tellurium with iodine or by reacting tellurium with iodomethane, CH<sub>3</sub>I.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(IV) bromide
- Tellurium(IV) chloride
- Tellurium(IV) fluoride
Tellurium(IV) fluoride

**Tellurium(IV) fluoride**, also known as **tellurium tetrafluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeF<sub>4</sub>. It contains tellurium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties

Tellurium(IV) fluoride is a white solid. It reacts with water to make tellurium dioxide and hydrofluoric acid. It reacts with many metals when heated.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting tellurium dioxide with sulfur tetrafluoride. It can also be made by reacting cold fluorine with tellurium. Another way is reacting selenium tetrafluoride with warm tellurium dioxide. Fluorine can also react with tellurium(II) chloride or tellurium(II) bromide to make tellurium(IV) fluoride.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(VI) fluoride
- Tellurium(IV) chloride
Tellurium(IV) oxide

**Tellurium(IV) oxide**, also known as **tellurium dioxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeO<sub>2</sub>. It contains tellurium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains oxide ions.

## Properties

Tellurium(IV) oxide can be yellow or white. The white form is the manmade form. The yellow form is natural, also known as tellurite. The manmade form is most common in chemical reactions. At high pressure, the manmade white form turns into the yellow form. It melts at a high temperature to make a red liquid.

Tellurium(IV) oxide does not dissolve in water. It reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid. It can react with many strong acids and powerful oxidizing agents. It can also react with strong bases. It makes one's breath smell like garlic when it is eaten.

## Preparation

Tellurium(IV) oxide is made by burning tellurium in air.

## Uses

It is used in devices that can convert light into sound. It can make glass with special properties.

## Safety

It can cause birth defects. It also makes bad breath.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(IV) chloride
- Tellurium(VI) oxide
Tellurium oxide

**Tellurium oxide** can refer to either of these chemical compounds.

- Tellurium dioxide, TeO<sub>2</sub>
- Tellurium trioxide, TeO<sub>3</sub>
Tellurium(VI) fluoride

**Tellurium(VI) fluoride**, also known as **tellurium hexafluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeF<sub>6</sub>. It contains tellurium in its +6 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions. It is the oldest known tellurium fluoride.

## Properties

Tellurium(VI) fluoride is a colorless gas. It condenses to a white solid when made cold. It has a very bad smell. It is very toxic. It is similar to selenium hexafluoride, even though it is less volatile (not as easily evaporated). It reacts with water to make telluric acid and hydrofluoric acid. It reacts with tellurium under  to make tellurium tetrafluoride.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting hot fluorine with tellurium. Cold fluorine gas makes tellurium tetrafluoride. It can also be made by reacting fluorine with tellurium trioxide. Another way to make it is reacting selenium tetrafluoride and tellurium dioxide to make tellurium tetrafluoride, which is heated above  to make tellurium hexafluoride and tellurium.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(IV) fluoride
- Tellurium(IV) chloride
Tellurium fluoride

**Tellurium fluoride** can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Tellurium(IV) fluoride
- Tellurium(VI) fluoride
Avram Glazer

**Avram Glazer** (born October 19, 1960 in Rochester, New York) is the joint-chairman of Manchester United Football Club with his brother Joel..

Glazer lives in New Orleans with his wife and their two children. He is a son of Malcolm Glazer.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth date**: October
- **birth place**: Rochester, New York
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Co-owner of Manchester United F.C.
- **spouse**: Jill Henkin Glazer
- **children**: 2
- **parents**: Linda and Malcolm Glazer
- **family**: Joel Glazer
Bryan Glazer
Telluric acid

**Telluric acid** is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formula is H<sub>6</sub>TeO<sub>6</sub>. It contains hydrogen and tellurate ions. It contains the TeO<sub>6</sub><sup>6-</sup> form of the tellurate ion.

Telluric acid is a weak acid. It reacts with strong bases to make tellurates. It is a powerful oxidizing agents. It can be dehydrated to make tellurium trioxide. The metatelluric acid, H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>4</sub>, does not exist.

Telluric acid can be made by reacting tellurium dioxide with chromium trioxide or hydrogen peroxide.

It is used to make other tellurates such as sodium tellurate.

## Related pages

- Tellurous acid
- Sodium tellurite
Electrical resistivity

**Electrical resistivity** is a concept in electrical engineering. It is a measure of how much a material stops the flow of electric current through it. Most metals have very low electrical resistivity.

More precisely, "the resistivity of a material of conductor is the resistance of its unit area of cross section and per unit of its length". The International System of Units uses the ohm metre for measuring how much electrical resistivity there is. Electrical resistivity is the inverse of electrical conductivity. This term is more used for semiconductors and insulators.

The name of this formula, is **Pouillet's law**. (It is named after Claude Pouillet):

The resistance of a given element is proportional to the length, but inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. For example, if  = ,  =  (forming a cube with perfectly conductive contacts on opposite faces), then the resistance of this element in ohms is numerically equal to the resistivity of the material it is made of in Ω⋅m.

The resistivity of a substance is equal to the resistance of a rod of that substance which is 1 metre long and 1 square metre in cross-section.  This can be a 1 cubic Metre cube. So we can also say that the resistivity of a substance is equal to he resistance between the opposite faces of a 1-metre cube of the substance.