juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Royal Canadian Air Force

The **Royal Canadian Air Force** (**RCAF**), formerly **Air Command** (**AIRCOM**), is the air force of Canada and is often called the **Canadian Air Force**. It is part of the Canadian Forces. Canada also has an army and a navy.

The air force operates all aircraft of the Canadian Forces, including the helicopters of the army and the navy. The air force is made of fighter jets, cargo planes and helicopters.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Royal Canadian Air Force
- **image**: Badge of the Royal Canadian Air Force.svg
- **dates**: 1 April 1924–_present_
- **allegiance**: Monarchy of Canada, Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada
- **type**: Air Force
- **role**: "To generate and maintain combat capable, multi-purpose, air forces to meet Canada's defence objectives."
- **size**: Regular Force personnel: 14,500
Reserve Force: 2,600
Civilians: 2,500
- **command structure**: Canadian Forces, Canadian Armed Forces
- **garrison**: National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa
- **garrison label**: Headquarters
- **motto**: _Sic itur ad astra, "Sic Itur ad Astra"_
"Such is the Pathway to the Stars"
- **march**: RCAF March Past
- **battles**: World War II, Second World War
Korean War
Gulf War 1990–91
Operation Deliberate Force, Bosnia Herzegovina 1995
1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Kosovo 1999
War in Afghanistan (2001–present), Afghanistan War 2001 – 2011
2011 military intervention in Libya, Libya - Operation Mobile 2011
- **commander1**: General (Canada), General Thomas J. Lawson OMM, CD
- **commander1 label**: Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada), Chief of the Defence Staff
- **commander2**: Lieutenant-General Yvan Blondin
- **commander2 label**: Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force
- **identification symbol**:
- **identification symbol label**: Ensign
- **identification symbol 2**:
- **identification symbol 2 label**: Roundel
- **identification symbol 3**:
- **identification symbol 3 label**: Fin flashes, Fin flash
- **aircraft fighter**: McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet, CF-18 Hornet
- **aircraft patrol**: CP-140 Aurora, CP-140 Aurora, CP-140A Arcturus
- **aircraft recon**: IAI Heron, CU-170 Heron
- **aircraft trainer**: Canadair CT-114 Tutor, CT-114 Tutor, de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8, CT-142 Dash-8, BAE Hawk, CT-155 Hawk, Beechcraft T-6 Texan II, CT-156 Harvard II
- **aircraft transport**: De Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo, CC-115 Buffalo, Lockheed C-130 Hercules, CC-130 Hercules, Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, CC-130J Super Hercules, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, CC-138 Twin Otter, Bombardier Challenger 600, CC-144 Challenger, Airbus CC-150 Polaris, CC-150 Polaris, Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, CC-177 Globemaster III
Canadian Army

The **Land Force Command** (LFC) is the army of Canada and is often called the **Canadian Army**. It is part of the Canadian Forces. It is made of 19,500 full-time soldiers and 16,000 part-time soldiers. Canada also has an navy and an air force.

The army has infantry, artillery and tanks.
Jurassic Park (song)

"**Jurassic Park**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "MacArthur Park" by Jimmy Webb (as performed by Richard Harris). It is a humorous retelling of the plot in the novel and movie _Jurassic Park_. It is on the album _Alaplooza_ released in 1993.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Jurassic Park
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Alapalooza
- **b-side**: "Frank's 2000" TV"
- **released**: October 1993
- **recorded**: July 16, 1993
- **genre**: Comedy rock
- **length**: 3:53
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **writer**: Jimmy Webb (composer)
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: I Can't Watch This
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Bedrock Anthem
- **next year**: 1993
Homer, Alaska

**Homer** is a city on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. It is known for being "the end of the road." There are signs that Native American people lived in the area as early as 6000 BC. In 2020, 5,522 people lived in Homer. The most notable feature of Homer is the Homer Spit, a  peninsula that sticks out into Kachemak Bay. The town's harbor and many of its fishing and tourism-related businesses are on the Spit.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Homer
- **image skyline**: File:USACE Homer Spit Alaska.jpg
- **image caption**: View of the Homer Spit and boat harbor
- **pushpin map**: Alaska
- **area total sq mi**: 25.254
- **area land sq mi**: 13.787
- **area water sq mi**: 11.467
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 5522
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Alaska
- **subdivision type2**: Borough (United States), Borough
- **subdivision name2**: Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, Kenai Peninsula
Bedrock Anthem

**"Bedrock Anthem"** is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Under the Bridge" and "Give it Away" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. It is about the narrator who desires to live in Bedrock, the setting of the cartoon _The Flintstones_. It states several reasons referring to the show. It was released on the 1993 album _Alapalooza_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Bedrock Anthem
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Alapalooza
- **b-side**: "Young, Dumb, & Ugly"
- **released**: November 12, 1993
- **recorded**: July 16, 1993
- **genre**: Comedy rock, funk rock, alternative rock
- **length**: 3:41
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Jurassic Park (song), Jurassic Park
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Achy Breaky Song
- **next year**: 1993
- **tracks**: # "Jurassic Park (song), Jurassic Park"
# "Polka Medleys#"Bohemian Polka", Bohemian Polka"
David Johnston

**David Lloyd Johnston**, CC CMM COM CD FRSC(_hon_) (born June 28, 1941) is a Canadian academic and author. He was the Governor General of Canada from October 1, 2010 to October 2, 2017.

## Style and titles

- June 28, 1941– October 1, 2010: _Mister_ David Lloyd Johnston
- October 1, 2010–: _His Excellency the Right Honourable_ David Lloyd Johnston, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada

The Governor General's style and title in full is, in , and in .

## Career

Before becoming he Governor General of Canada Johnston was the president of the University of Waterloo and a tenured faculty member in the school of computer science.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **image**: David Johnston 2011-12-01.jpg
- **alt**: Photograph of Johnston smiling. He is wearing a dark suit with a red and black striped tie.
- **caption**: Johnston in 2011
- **order**: 28th
- **office**: Governor General of Canada
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **term start**: October 1, 2010
- **term end**: October 2, 2017
- **predecessor**: Michaëlle Jean
- **successor**: Julie Payette
- **birth name**: David Lloyd Johnston
- **birth place**: Greater Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- **children**: 5
- **signature**: David Johnston Signature.svg
Achy Breaky Song

"**Achy Breaky Song**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Achy Breaky Heart" by Billy Ray Cyrus. It described how the singer was fed up with listening to the original song and things he would rather do. It was released on the 1993 album _Alapalooza_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Achy Breaky Song
- **type**: single
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Alapalooza
- **released**: November 1993
- **recorded**: July 16, 1993
- **genre**: Comedy, Country music, Country, Southern Rock
- **length**: 3:23
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Bedrock Anthem
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Headline News (song), Headline News
- **next year**: 1994
Conservative Party of Canada

The **Conservative Party of Canada** (French: Parti Conservateur du Canada) is a political party in Canada. The party is considered to be on the center-right to right-wing of the political spectrum. It is to the right of the Liberal Party of Canada, Bloc Québécois or the New Democratic Party. The party is the successor to the numerous right-wing parties, mainly the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Right now, the leader of the party is Pierre Poilievre, who is also the Leader of the Official Opposition.

The party won a minority government in the 2006 and 2008 elections and a majority government in 2011 election under the leadership of Stephen Harper, who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada. Following the loss of the 2015 election falling to second place, Harper resigned as leader and was filled in by interim leader Rona Ambrose until the next leadership election, which Andrew Scheer won.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 143
- 343


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 14
- 105


## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Conservative Party of Canada
- **native name**: Parti conservateur du Canada
- **logo**: Logo of the Conservative Party of Canada (2023–present).svg
- **position**: Centre-right to right-wing
- **logo size**: 275px
- **founder**: Stephen Harper
Peter MacKay
- **leader**: Pierre Poilievre
- **legalised**: 2003
- **merger**: Canadian Alliance (Reform Party) and Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Progressive Conservatives
- **predecessor**: Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, Canadian Alliance
- **ideology**: Conservatism
 Economic liberalism
- **colors**: Blue
- **seats1 title**: House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons
- **seats2 title**: Senate of Canada, Senate
- **website**: English language:
French language:
- **country**: Canada
Headline News ("Weird Al" Yankovic song)

"**Headline News**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of the Crash Test Dummies's song "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". It describes current events at the time in a humorous way. It was released on the 1994 album _Permanent Record: Al in the Box_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Headline News
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Permanent Record: Al in the Box
- **b-side**: "Christmas at Ground Zero, Christmas at Ground Zero (Alternate Mix)"
- **released**: September 27, 1994
- **recorded**: July 27, 1994
- **genre**: Comedy, Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:46
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Achy Breaky Song
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Amish Paradise
- **next year**: 1996
Teddy Bears' Picnic

"**Teddy Bears' Picnic**" is a very popular song about teddy bears.  The tune was composed by John Walter Bratton in 1907.  The words were added by Irish songwriter Jimmy Kennedy in 1932.  Since then it has always been extremely popular as a children's song,.  Many musicians have made recordings of it.  A particularly famous recording was made in 1932 by Henry Hall.   For more than 30 years this recording was used by BBC audio engineers to test audio equipment.

## Other websites

- lyrics and audio from the BBC
- http://www.teddybearspicnic.com.au
- The original BBC recording along with information on Val Rosing, vocalist
- http://www.visitsomerset.co.uk/site/inspire-me/famous-somerset/childrens-nursery-rymes-and-tv
Eddie (movie)

***Eddie*** is a 1996 sports comedy movie that was produced by Mark Burg and David Permut and was directed by Steve Rash.

## Plot

The plot of the movie is about Edwina "Eddie" Franklin (Whoopi Goldberg) who wins a chance to be an honorary head coach of the New York Knicks and trys to turn around a struggling Knicks team.

## Cast

- Whoopi Goldberg as Edwina 'Eddie' Franklin
- Frank Langella as William 'Wild Bill' Burgess
- Dennis Farina as Coach John Bailey
- Richard Jenkins as Carl Zimmer
- Lisa Ann Walter as Claudine
- John Salley as Nate Wilson
- Mark Jackson as Darren (Preacher) Taylor
- Malik Sealy as Stacy Patton
- Dwayne Schintzius as Ivan Radmonovich
- Rick Fox as Terry Hastings

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Eddie
- **director**: Steve Rash
- **producer**: Mark Burg
David Permut
- **writer**: Steve Zacharias
Jeff Buhai
Jon Connolly
David Loucka (story & screenplay)
Eric Champnella
Keith Mitchell (screenplay)
- **starring**: Whoopi Goldberg
Frank Langella
Dennis Farina
- **music**: Stanley Clarke
- **cinematography**: Victor J. Kemper
- **editing**: Richard Halsey
- **studio**: Walt Disney Pictures
Hollywood Pictures
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Pictures
- **released**: May 31, 1996
- **runtime**: 100 mins.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $31,387,164
New York and New Jersey campaign

The **New York and New Jersey campaign** was a series of battles between the British forces and the Continental Army that decided who would take control of New York City and the U.S. state of New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War and were mostly British victories. One British purpose was to finish smashing the Rebel army after the Battle of Long Island. The battles happened near the end of 1776. The Continentals won the two small battles of Trenton and Princeton at the end of the campaign, and spent the winter in Morristown, New Jersey. The British controlled the area for most of the rest of the war.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: New York and New Jersey campaign
- **partof**: the American Revolutionary War
- **image**: NY-NJ-retreat-1776.svg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Map of the American Revolutionary War's New York and New Jersey campaign
- **date**: July 1776 – March 1777
- **place**: New York (state), New York and New Jersey
- **result**: **New York**: British victory
* British control New York City for the rest of the war
* The city's strategic port and harbor remain in British hands
* Forage War, Constant military activity in the surrounding area for the remainder of the war
* New York City becomes a haven for Loyalists fleeing other areas of the country and results in severe overcrowding
* Thousands of Americans are taken prisoner and die in captivity
**New Jersey**: U.S. victory
* U.S. retains control of New Jersey
* Continental Army preserved
* Continental Army adopts a Fabian strategy
* Development of Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, American military intelligence and espionage
- **combatant1**: United Colonies, United States
- **combatant2**:

*
*  Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Hesse
*  Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Waldeck
- **commander1**: George Washington
 Charles Lee (general), Charles Lee
 John Sullivan (general), John Sullivan
 Hugh Mercer
- **commander2**: William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, Sir William Howe
 Henry Clinton (1738–1795), Sir Henry Clinton
 Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Lord Cornwallis
 Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, Richard, Lord Howe
 Wilhelm von Knyphausen
 Carl von Donop
 Johann Rall
- **strength1**: 23,000 soldiers and militia
- **strength2**: 32,000 soldiers
- **casualties1**: 1,500 killed & wounded
- **casualties2**: 3,000 killed & wounded
1,400 captured
Amish Paradise

"**Amish Paradise**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Gangsta's Paradise" by Coolio. It was released in 1996 on the album _Bad Hair Day_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Amish Paradise
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Bad Hair Day
- **b-side**: "Everything You Know Is Wrong", "The Night Santa Went Crazy, The Night Santa Went Crazy (Extra Gory Version)"
- **released**: March 12, 1996
- **recorded**: January 15, 1996 in Houston, Texas
- **genre**: Comedy, gangsta rap
- **length**: 3:20
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **tracks**: # "Amish Paradise"
# "The Night Santa Went Crazy"
Gump (song)

"**Gump**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Lump" by The Presidents of the United States of America. It was released on the album _Bad Hair Day_ in 1996. The song is a humorous retelling of the movie _Forrest Gump_. When Lump became a popular song, Weird Al paid them to parody the song and turn it into “Gump”. Here are some lyrics: “He told JFK that he really had to pee.”, “Gump was a big celebrity.”.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Gump
- **type**: single
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Bad Hair Day
- **b-side**: "Spy Hard (song), Spy Hard (Theme from the Motion Picture Spy Hard)", "Since You've Been Gone"
- **released**: May 7, 1996
- **recorded**: January 3, 1996 at Santa Monica Sound Recorders, Santa Monica, California
- **length**: 2:10
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Amish Paradise
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Spy Hard (song), Spy Hard
- **next year**: 1996
- **tracks**: # "Amish Paradise"
# "The Night Santa Went Crazy"
Spy Hard (song)

"**Spy Hard**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a comedic song in the style of spy songs such as James Bond. It was used in the movie of the same name.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Spy Hard
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **released**: May 21, 1996
- **recorded**: March 27, 1996
- **genre**: Comedy, Spy music
- **length**: 2:49
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers
- **writer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Gump (song), Gump
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: The Night Santa Went Crazy
- **next year**: 1996
Malt

**Malt** is cereal grain that is sprouted and then dried by hot air. It is sometimes used in brewing and the manufacture of malt vinegar. Malt is high in sugar because when the grain sprouts, much of its starch changes to sugar.  If the malt is dried with fire, it can have a smoky flavor.  The sugar from the malt can be fermented into beer and whisky.
Christogram IHS

The **Christogram IHS** is a monogram symbolizing Jesus Christ.

From Greek it is an abbreviation of the name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ (Jesus).

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Christogram is composed of the letters _X_ and _P_, or _I_ and _X_. They are the first two letters of the words _Christ_ and _Jesus Christ_ in the Greek language. The letter _X_ forms a diagonal cross, also known as saltire or St. Andrew's cross.

In the Western culture there exist the compositions: "**IHS**" and also "**IHC**" being the first letters (iota-eta-sigma) of the name Jesus in Greek alphabet: ΙΗΣΟΥΣ (Ίησοῦς or ΙΗϹΟΥϹ with lunated sigma). The abbreviation in form "**IHS**" appeared in first time on the coins of Justinian II on the turn of the 7th and 8th centuries.

The order of Jesuits, in other words the Society of Jesus (_Societas Iesu_), adopted _IHS_ as its fixed emblem - the symbol in 17th century. There appeared also Latin interpretations of the abbreviation _IHS_, among others:
- _Iesus Humilis Societas_ - Humble Society of Jesus,
- _Iesus Hominum Salvator_ - Jesus, Savior of men,
and also:
- _In hoc signo_ vinces- By this sign you shall conquer.

These developed inscriptions were most likely formed because in the Middle Ages people mistakenly read the letter **E** as **H**.

According to a legend, this inscription with the cross was seen by emperor Constantine the Great in his sleep before the battle against Maxentius in 312 on the Ponte Milvio.

Saint Bernardine of Siena (1380–1444) promoted devotion to the IHS monogram (the first three Greek letters of "Jesus"), encouraging its use in art, churches, and homes.

Commentators unfriendly to the Catholic Church sometimes interpret the abbreviation **IHS** as derived from the solar idols of the Egyptian mythology: Isis, Horus and Seth. Nevertheless, present scientific knowledge does not confirm such interpretations.
Meet the Parents

***Meet the Parents*** is a 2000 American comedy movie. It was produced by Robert De Niro, Jay Roach, Jane Rosenthal and Nancy Tenenbaum and was directed by Jay Roach. _Meet the Parents_ is a remake of the 1992 movie of the same name. There were two sequels to _Meet the Parents_. The first sequel was _Meet the Fockers_, which was released in 2004. The second sequel was _Little Fockers_, which was released in 2010.

## Cast

- Ben Stiller as Gaylord "Greg" Focker
- Robert De Niro as Jack Byrnes
- Blythe Danner as Dina Byrnes
- Teri Polo as Pam Byrnes
- James Rebhorn as Dr. Larry Banks
- Jon Abrahams as Denny Byrnes
- Phyllis George as Linda Banks
- Kali Rocha as Flight Attendant
- Thomas McCarthy as Dr. Robert "Bob" Banks
- Nicole DeHuff as Deborah "Debbie" Byrnes
- Owen Wilson as Kevin Rawley

## Other websites

- Meet the Parents' Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Meet the Parents
- **director**: Jay Roach
- **producer**: Robert De Niro
Jay Roach
Jane Rosenthal
Nancy Tenenbaum
- **writer**: Jim Herzfeld
John Hamburg
- **starring**: Ben Stiller
Robert De Niro
Teri Polo
Blythe Danner
Owen Wilson
- **music**: Randy Newman
- **cinematography**: Peter James
- **editing**: Jon Poll
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures (North America)
 DreamWorks SKG, DreamWorks Pictures (International)
- **released**: October 6, 2000
- **runtime**: 108 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $55 million
- **gross**: $330,444,045
Ferris Bueller's Day Off

***Ferris Bueller's Day Off*** is a 1986 American teen comedy movie set in Chicago, Illinois. It was produced by John Hughes and Tom Jacobson and was directed by Hughes. It was very successful at the box office and has since become a cult classic.

## Cast

- Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller
- Alan Ruck as Cameron Frye
- Mia Sara as Sloane Peterson
- Jeffrey Jones as Edward R. Rooney, Dean of Students
- Jennifer Grey as Jeanie Bueller
- Lyman Ward as Tom Bueller
- Cindy Pickett as Katie Bueller
- Edie McClurg as Grace the secretary
- Ben Stein as the Economics teacher
- Del Close as the English teacher
- Charlie Sheen as Garth Volbeck, the teenage boy in police station
- Richard Edson as the Parking Garage Attendant
- Kristy Swanson as Simone Adamlee the Economics Student
- Johnathan Schmock as the snooty waiter
- Virginia Capers as Nurse Florence Sparrow

## TV show

There was a TV show on NBC in 1990 called _Ferris Bueller_, which was a prequel to the movie. Charlie Schlatter played Ferris Bueller; Jennifer Aniston played his sister and also featuring Samantha Robson in her first starring role. The Bueller family lived in Los Angeles instead of Chicago.

## Other websites

- _Ferris Bueller's Day Off_ at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Ferris Bueller's Day Off
- **director**: John Hughes (filmmaker), John Hughes
- **producer**: John Hughes
Tom Jacobson
- **writer**: John Hughes
- **starring**: Matthew Broderick
Alan Ruck
Mia Sara
Jeffrey Jones
Jennifer Grey
- **music**: Ira Newborn
Arthur Baker
John Robie
- **cinematography**: Tak Fujimoto
- **editing**: Paul Hirsch
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **released**: June 11, 1986
- **runtime**: 103 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $5.8 million
- **gross**: $70,136,369
Anthoxanthum

***Anthoxanthum***, the _vernal grasses_, is a large genus of true grass with a wide distribution. _A. odoratum_ is a common species of acidic grassland and bogs in northern Europe.

The genus _Hierochloe_ is included in _Anthoxanthum_ by some. _Hierochloe_ is a genus or subgenus known generally as _sweetgrass_. These are perennial rhizomatous grasses found in temperate regions in the Northern Hemisphere. These erect green grasses are known for their sweet scent. They bear panicle inflorescences with rounded grass grain fruits.
Inflorescence

An **inflorescence** is a flowering stem. The term is most used for a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem. An inflorescence is the reproductive portion of a plant; each plant bears its flowers in a specific pattern.

Whereas gymnosperms are mostly wind-pollinated, flowering plants are mostly pollinated by insects. There are some exceptions to this, for instance grasses are wind-pollinated. However, as a general rule, flowering plants rely on animals for their pollination.

Most flowers are pollinated by animals, usually insects. To be pollinated, _a flower needs to be seen_. Most insects have good colour vision, including vision in the ultra-violet (which humans do not have).
That is the reason many flowers have attractive colours.

Sometimes there is just a close bunch of flowers (e.g. _Antirrhinum_) on a _spike_. Sometimes the inflorescence is so tight it looks like one single flower. What you see as a single daisy is actually made of several hundred tiny flowers packed together. This kind of inflorescence is called a **pseudanthium** ("false flower").

## Advantages

The advantages of the inflorescence mode is all about reproduction compared to a single primitive flower of the _Magnolia_ type.

- Numbers: There may be dozens or even hundreds of flowers in an inflorescence, with many seeds or fruits for each flowering.
- Pollination: Increased pollination is an important bonus. Massing flowers together makes them more visible to pollinating insects and birds.
- Seed or fruit dispersal: Dispersal by wind or animals is improved by having the flowers at the top end of a stem.

## Related pages

- Multiple fruit

## References

- <small>Wilhelm Troll: _Die Infloreszenzen; Erster Band_. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1964</small>
- <small>Wilhelm Troll: _Die Infloreszenzen; Zweiter Band, Erster Teil_. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969</small>
Donald Adamson

**Donald Adamson** (born 30 March 1939 at Culcheth, Lancashire) is a British historian, philosophical writer and literary critic.

He is the author of _Blaise Pascal: Mathematician, Physicist and Thinker about God_ (1995), a book detailing the  concept of the existence of God and a study of Pascal’s _Wager_.

Adamson has written on French history, and histories of the City of London, a ducal family, travel, finance, and art.  He also wrote about the novels of Honoré de Balzac. He has translated many short stories of Guy de Maupassant into English.

Adamson aids the cause of museums and libraries in the UK.  From 1983 to 1992 he served as a Justice of the Peace for the City of London.

Adamson studied at the University of Oxford. He taught at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, as well as Paris and London Universities. He also is a member of a Cambridge College where he conducts research.

2012-13 Donald Adamson was Master of the Curriers’ Company, a London Livery Company. He established a Curriers' Co. biennial award for graduates of British universities to write an essay on the history of London, as well as sixteen annual prizes in mathematics and history for pupils aged 14 to 15 at four London Academies.

## Fellowships and honours

- Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature
- Fellow of the Royal Historical Society
- Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London

- Chevalier, Ordre des Palmes académiques
- Knight of Justice, Order of St John of Jerusalem
- Service Medal, Order of St John (with Bar)
- Cross of Merit, Order Pro Merito Melitensi

- JP for the City of London, later Cornwall.
Hesperornis

***Hesperornis *** is an extinct genus of flightless aquatic birds that lived during the Upper Cretaceous (89–65 million years ago).

_Hesperornis_ was an important early find in the history of avian paleontology. It was discovered by the paleontologist O.C. Marsh in the late 19th century Bone Wars.

Famous locations for _Hesperornis_ are the Upper Cretaceous marine limestones from Kansas and the marine shales from Canada. The genus probably had a Holarctic distribution.

## Anatomy and life style

_Hesperornis_ was a large bird, reaching up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) in length. It had virtually no wings, and swam with its powerful hind legs.

Like many other Mesozoic birds such as _Ichthyornis_, _Hesperornis_ had teeth in its beak which were used to hold prey (most likely fish).

_Hesperornis_ hunted in the waters of such contemporary shelf seas as the North American Inland Sea, the Turgai Strait and the prehistoric North Sea, which then were subtropical to tropical waters, much warmer than today. They probably fed mainly on fish, maybe also crustaceans, cephalopods and mollusks, as do the diving seabirds of today. Their teeth were helpful in dealing with slippery or hard-shelled prey.

On land, _Hesperornis_ species may or may not have been able to walk. They certainly could not stand upright like penguins as in the early reconstructions. Their legs attached far at the back and sideways, with even the lower leg being tightly attached to the body (see photo of skeleton). Thus, they were limited to a clumsy hobble at best on land and would have been more nimble if they moved by sliding on their belly or galumphing. The leg skeleton of _Hesperornis_ was so thoroughly adapted to diving that their mode on land, and their egg-laying and parental care, is a matter of speculation.

Young _Hesperornis_ grew fairly quickly and continuously to adulthood, as is the case in modern birds. More young birds are known from the fossil record of the more northerly sites than from those further south. This suggests that at least some species were migratory like today's penguins, which swim polewards in the summer.

_Hesperornis_ was preyed upon by large marine carnivores such as mosasaurs. A _Tylosaurus_ specimen contains the bones of a _Hesperornis_ in its gut area.
Nissan Primera

The **Nissan Primera** was an automobile produced by Nissan. It replaced the Nissan Bluebird in 1990 and was produced in three generations produced until 2006. The first generation was made from 1990 to 1996. The second generation was made from late 1996 to early 2002 with a facelift in 1999 for European markets. The third generation was made from late 2001 to 2006 and was effectively replaced with the Qashqai crossover model in early 2007. It was also offered in the US market as the Infiniti G20 sold over two generations with only a sedan model available coming from the factory in Japan between the 1991 and 2002 model years. It is available as a 4-door sedan, 5-door hatchback and 5-door station wagon bodystyles with 4-cylinder petrol and diesel engines. The model was produced in Japan and the UK.
Charles M. Schulz

**Charles Monroe Schulz** (November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000) was an American cartoonist, whose comic strip _Peanuts_ proved one of the most popular and influential in the history of the medium, and is still widely reprinted on a daily basis.

Schulz died of colorectal cancer in Santa Rosa, California.
The Littlest Hobo

***The Littlest Hobo*** is a Canadian children's television series directed by Charles R. Rondeau. It was based on a movie and is about a German Shepherd that wanders from town to town, helping people in need. The TV series ran from 1963 to 1965 and was later revived by CTV from October 11, 1979 to March 7, 1985.

## Other websites

- (movie)
- (1960s series)
- (1970s revival)

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: The Littlest Hobo The Complete First Season DVD cover.jpg
- **caption**: The complete first season DVD cover
- **camera**: Single camera
- **runtime**: 77 minutes
- **creator**: Charles R. Rondeau
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **channel**: broadcast syndication, Syndication
- **channel2**: CTV Television Network, CTV
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 113
Luke Ridnour

**Lucas Robin "Luke" Ridnour** (born February 13, 1981 in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho) is an American basketball player that currently plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the NBA. He went to University of Oregon for college where he played for the Oregon Ducks basketball team. Ridnour has also played with the Seattle SuperSonics from 2003-2007 and the Milwaukee Bucks from 2008-2010.

## Other websites

- Luke Ridnour at NBA.com
Binge eating

**Binge eating**is a disease characterized by episodes of compulsive overeating.

**It has the following characteristics:**
1. People eat too much. This is known as **overeating**. When this happens, they often lose control, and cannot stop.
1. Very often, they eat more food than other people in the same time.
1. People feel very painful and distraught while they eat or after eating.
1. People want to make up the consequences of binge eating by some inappropriate and unhealthy ways.

**The vicious cycle of binge eating**

It can make people feel satisfied for a while, but after that, they will feel guilty and they will regret eating so much. People overeat to feel better, but they actually feel worse, and go back to overeating for relief, forming a vicious cycle.

Other characteristics:
If binge eating becomes a pattern, this is an eating disorder. People who suffer from this have a high risk of weight gain. They may feel ashamed of their eating habits and become depressed. People who binge and then purge, (usually by vomiting), have a different eating disorder called bulimia. People with anorexia may also binge and purge.
Conway Twitty

**Conway Twitty** (born **Harold Lloyd Jenkins**; September 1, 1933 – June 5, 1993) was an American country music singer.

Twitty held the record for the most number one singles of any act with 55 No. 1 Billboard country hits until 2006 when George Strait broke his record.

Twitty is a former member of the Grand Ole Opry and was inducted into the Country Music and the Rockabilly Halls of Fame.

He died on June 5, 1993 at Cox House Hospital in Springfield, Missouri, as a result of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

## Other websites

- Conway Twitty's Official Website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Conway Twitty
- **img**: Conway Twitty 1974.JPG
- **img size**: 200
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Harold Lloyd Jenkins
- **origin**: Helena, Arkansas, U.S.
- **birth place**: Friars Point, Mississippi, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Springfield, Missouri, U.S.
- **instrument**: vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Country music, Country, rock and roll
- **occupation**: Singer/Songwriter
- **years active**: 1955 – 1993
- **label**: MCA Nashville Records, MCA, Elektra Records, Elektra, MGM, Decca Records, Decca
- **associated acts**: Loretta Lynn, Sam Moore, Jerry Lee Lewis
- **url**: [http://www.conwaytwitty.com/ Conway Twitty Official Site]
Matchbox

A **matchbox** is a container or case made of cardboard or thin wood and designed to place matches. It usually has a special surface on one edge to light the matches contained inside. Usually, is a box that contains safety matches. made of wooden sticks or cardboard stripes. It usually has a coarse striking surface on one edge for lighting the matches contained inside. Matchboxes generally measure 5 x 3.5 x 1.5 cm. For some applications matchbooks have replaced matchboxes.

It is generally used to carry matches in the pocket, in the form of a cardboard box with a separate drawer that runs inside the cover, or a folding case with half lid folding over the other half, acting as protection for the matches. Cylindrical matchboxes with a round cover on one end, are also available.

## Types

There are metal match boxes (of the type described above or a different type), rubber, wood, mother-of -pearl, ivory, bone, celluloid, etc. sometimes with very whimsical shapes, some of which also have a hollow cylinder in which a nitrated wick is housed so that it can ignite when it is windy.

Apart from the pocket boxes mentioned, there are tabletop match boxes, to hang on the wall, fixed in a palmarium, etc. The first are boxes of some capacity, made of fine wood, cut glass, etc., without a lid or with a hinged lid, the only condition being that they close well and have enough weight at the bottom to scratch the match don't move Match boxes hung on the wall are used in kitchens, they are usually made of ash wood, they do not have a lid and a hook or hole protrudes from the back of the box to hang them on the wall.

All matchboxes must have a scraper so that the head of the match can be rubbed against it to light it. Ordinary cardboard boxes carry it on one or both sides. The metal boxes have for scraper a scraper that is usually placed on the edge, in a slot made for this purpose. The rasp can be machined from the same metal or be a metal sheet, welded or glued.

In tabletop or wall-hanged match boxes, the scraper is usually made of sandpaper, attached to the most visible part and at the top of the box.

## Matchbook

A book of matches is a small cardboard folder that contains matches joined at the base and has a surface to be able to rub the matches on the outside. The binder must be opened to access the matches, which are placed in a comb shape and must be torn to use.them, unlike those in a standard matchbox where they are loosely packed in the drawer that can be slid with the finger.

## Collecting

In English there is the term phillumeny, which is the hobby of collecting different items related to matches, matchboxes, match box labels, matchbooks, match covers, etc.

In Japan, Teiichi Yoshizawa was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the best collector of matches in the world. In Portugal, Jose Manuel Pereira published a series of albums to catalog and display matchbox collections called "Phillalbum".

## References

</references>
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command

The **Canadian Special Operations Forces Command** (**CANSOFCOM**) (french:Commandement des forces d'opérations spéciales du Canada) is the branch of the Canadian Forces responsible for special operations.

The command is composed of four units :
- Joint Task Force 2
- Canadian Special Operations Regiment
- 427th Special Operations Aviation Squadron
- Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit
Deaths in 2011

The following is a list of notable **deaths in 2011**.

## January

- January 1 - Flemming Jørgensen, 63, Danish actor and musician.
- January 1 - Faizal Yusof, 32, Malaysian actor, heart failure.
- January 2 - Pete Postlethwaite, 64, British actor, cancer.
- January 2 - Anne Francis, 80, American actress, pancreatic cancer.
- January 2 - Richard Winters, 92, American paratrooper.
- January 4 - Salmaan Taseer, 46, Pakistani politician, Governor of the Punjab, shot.
- January 4 - Gerry Rafferty, 63, Scottish singer-songwriter, liver failure.
- January 4 - Mohamed Bouazizi, 26, Tunisian fruit seller and figure in the Arab world uprising, suicide by burning.
- January 4 - Dick King-Smith, 88, British writer.
- January 6 - Gary Mason, 48, British, boxer, road accident.
- January 8 - John Roll, 63, American judge, shot.
- January 9 - Peter Yates, 81, British movie director.
- January 10 - Margaret Whiting, 86, American singer.
- January 10 - John Dye, 47, American actor.
- January 11 – David Nelosn, 74, American actor.
- January 13 - Charles Muscat, 48, Maltese footballer.
- January 14 - Mississippi Winn, 113, American supercentenarian.
- January 15 - Nat Lofthouse, 85, English footballer.
- January 15 - Susannah York, 72, British actress, bone cancer.
- January 16 – Milton Levine , 97, American Businessman.
- January 16 - Steve Prestwich, 56, Australian musician, brain tumour.
- January 17 - Don Kirshner, 76, American music producer, heart failure.
- January 18 - Sargent Shriver, 95, American politician, Alzheimer's disease.
- January 21 - Dennis Oppenheim, 72, American artist, liver cancer.
- January 23 - Jack LaLanne, 96, American physical fitness and nutrition expert, respiratory failure from pneumonia.
- January 24 - Bernd Eichinger, 61, German movie producer and director, heart attack.
- January 24 - Bhimsen Joshi, 88, Indian musician.
- January 27 - Charlie Callas, 83,  American comedian, natural causes.
- January 29 - Milton Babbitt, 94, American composer.
- January 30 - John Barry, 77, British composer, heart attack.
- January 31 - Eunice Sanborn, 114, American, world's second-oldest person at the time of her death.
Joint Task Force 2

**Joint Task Force 2** (**JTF 2**) (French: Deuxième Force opérationnelle interarmées) is the main counter-terrorism and special forces unit of Canada. JTF2 is part of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command of the Canadian Forces.
Canadian Special Operations Regiment

The **Canadian Special Operations Regiment** (**CSOR**) (french:Régiment des opérations spéciales du Canada) is one of the two special forces unit of Canada. CSOR was created in 2005. Its role is to support the Joint Task Force 2, but it is also capable of conducting its own operations. The regiment is part of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command of the Canadian Forces.
427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron

The ** Special Operations Aviation Squadron** (_427SOAS_') (french:427<sup>e</sup> Escadron d'opérations spéciales d'aviation) is a helicopter squadron of Canada responsible to provide support to the Joint Task Force 2 and the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. It operates the CH-146 Griffon. The squadron is part of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command of the Canadian Forces.
Logistics

**Logistics** is the term which generally means the management of transportation of information or goods from one place to another. Logistics involves  things like transportation, inventory, packaging, supplies and sometimes, social security and warehousing.

There are many types of logistics, for example : military logistics, business logistics and production logistics and marketing logistics.

A logistics company is an enterprise that provides services for the transportation, processing and storage of goods, assisting its customers in the process of promoting goods from the manufacturer to the consumer.
Canadian Expeditionary Force Command

The **Canadian Expeditionary Force Command** was the branch of the Canadian Forces responsible for military deployments and operations outside Canada.  It was formed in 2006.  In 2012, it was joined with Canadian Joint Operations Command.
Canada Command

**Canada Command** is the branch of the Canadian Forces responsible for national security, emergency management and domestic operations inside Canada.
Oath of office

An **oath of office** is an oath a person gains a higher position, usually in government or within a religious body. There are other positions in which people are supposed to take oaths as well, like in the military. When someone makes an oath, they make a promise to follow certain rules and guidelines of the position that they are taking. Some oaths of office are a statement of loyalty to a constitution or other legal text, to a person or other office holder. Under the laws of a state it may be considered treason or a high crime to betray a sworn oath of office. Oaths of office can be a public ceremony, like in the United States with presidential inauguration, or private.
Canadian Operational Support Command

The **Canadian Operational Support Command** is the branch of the Canadian Forces responsible for logistics, engineering and health services.
Duke of York

The **Duke of York** (sometimes shortened to **DOY**) is a title of nobility and royalty in the United Kingdom. Dukedom is the highest ranking of royalty before monarch. The wife of the Duke of York is the Duchess of York. The first one was Edmund of Langley, who founded the House of York and served as the duke from 1385 until his death in 1402. Since the 15th century, the title has usually been given to the second son of the reigning monarch. Since the second creation, not one of the holders of the title has ever passed it on: they either died without male heirs or became King themselves.
Lamborghini Gallardo

The **Lamborghini Gallardo** is a sportscar that has been built by Lamborghini from 2003 to 2013 and is Lamborghini's most-produced model to date. The Gallardo is named after a type of fighting bull. Later, at the Geneva Motor Show 2014, the Gallardo was replaced by the Lamborghini Huracán. There are also police car models of the Gallardo for countries like Italy and England. The Gallardo's superior is the Lamborghini Murciélago. The Lamborghini V10 engine was reused in the Audi R8.

## Other websites

- http://www.lamborghini.com/en/masterpieces/gallardo/

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Lamborghini Gallardo
- **image**: Lamborghini Gallardo 5.2 '14 (9390031309).jpg
- **caption**: Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 Edizione Tecnica.
- **manufacturer**: Lamborghini
- **production**: 2003–2013
- **model years**: 2004–2014
- **assembly**: Italy: Sant'Agata Bolognese
- **class**: Sports car (S-segment, S)
- **body style**: 2-door coupé
2-door convertible (Spyder)
- **transmission**: 6-speed Manual transmission, manual
6-speed _e-gear_ electrohydraulic manual transmission, electrohydraulic manual
- **wheelbase**: 2,560 mm
- **length**: 4,300-4,386 mm
- **width**: 1,900 mm
- **sp**: uk
- **predecessor**: Lamborghini Jalpa
- **successor**: Lamborghini Huracán
Sauerkraut

**Sauerkraut** ("sour herb") directly translated from German or "sour cabbage", is finely shredded cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria, including _Leuconostoc_, _Lactobacillus_, and _Pediococcus_. It has a long shelf-life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid that forms when the bacteria ferment the sugars in the cabbage. It is therefore not to be confused with coleslaw, which receives its acidic taste from vinegar. It has its roots in cole flower marinated in honey and fluid from your belly.

## History

Conservation of legumes with lactic acid has a long history. It was known and used both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was common to eat conserved cabbage during the winter months.
Federal Hall

**Federal Hall** was the first capitol building of the United States, and was the site where George Washington was inaugurated as America's first president in 1789.  In 1700, it was built on Wall Street and named **New York City Hall**.  It was renamed to Federal Hall when it became the capitol under the new United States Constitution.

In 1812, the building was demolished.  A new customs house replaced it in 1842.  In 1882, a bronze statue of President Washington was made and put in front of the steps.  The new building officially became a landmark according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on 21 December 1965.
Cline

In biology, a **cline**, or 'ecocline', describes a series of connected populations in a species. These populations show a continuous gradient of traits and genetics.  The term was coined by the English evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley in 1938. He defined a cline as a species whose members fall into a series of sub-species with continuous change in characters over a geographical area.

## Introduction

Clines consist of forms of a species that show gradual phenotypic and/or genetic differences over a geographical area.

The reason for these differences is that the environment is somewhat different in different parts of the range. Populations become adapted to the situation in their areas, but this adaptation is limited by gene flow between neighbouring sub-species.

Genetically, clines result from the change of allele frequencies within the gene pool of the species in question.
Precancerous condition

A **precancerous** (or premalignant) **condition** is not malignant. However, it has the potential to become cancer if proper treatment is not taken in time.

A premalignant lesion is a visually (morphologically) altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than its normal counterpart.

The condition was named in 1875 by Romanian physician Victor Babeş.
Nasi lemak

***Nasi lemak*** is a food commonly found in Malaysia and Singapore. It is also an official national food in Malaysia. It is traditionally wrapped up in banana leaves. The rice is usually cooked in coconut cream. Sometimes spices such as ginger are added for their aroma (good smell).
Nasi lemak is sold in hawker centres in Singapore and other ingredients like fried egg, fried chicken wings and _belacan_ chilli (made from chilli and shrimp) are added.

## Other websites

- How to find the best Nasi Lemak
New York Provincial Congress

**The New York Provincial Congress** was an organization that was started by rebels in 1775 during the American Revolution as a replacement for the Province of New York Assembly. It was a replacement for the Committee of One Hundred. There were three provincial congresses until the first Constitutional Convention was founded. The New York Provincial Congress was replaced in 1777.