juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Parliament (Eswatini)

The **Parliament of Eswatini** _(Swazi: Libandla)_ is the large group of legislators, or lawmakers, of the country of Eswatini. It is made of two groups called "chambers". These chambers are:

- The **Senate**, or Upper Chamber
- The **House of Assembly** or Lower Chamber.

Both groups are located in Lobamba.

## Related pages

- Parliamentary procedure
- Legislatures
Unbiquadium

**Unbiquadium**, also known as **element 124** or **eka-uranium**, is the possible chemical element with atomic number 124 and placeholder symbol Ubq. _Unbiquadium_ and _Ubq_ are the temporary IUPAC name and symbol, until the element is found, confirmed, and a permanent name is agreed on. In the periodic table, unbiquadium is expected to be a g-block superactinide and the sixth element in the 8th period. Unbiquadium has attracted attention, as it may be put in the island of stability, making it have a longer half-lives.

## Related pages

- unbitrium – unbipentium
- Unbiunoids

## Infobox (unbiquadium)
Paul Sereno

**Paul Callistus Sereno** (born October 11, 1957) is paleontologist who was educated at the University of Chicago who has discovered several new dinosaur species from places such as Inner Mongolia, Argentina, Morocco and Niger.  One of his most widely publicized discoveries is that of a nearly complete specimen of _Sarcosuchus_ (known as SuperCroc).

## Fossil species described by Sereno or his team

**Dinosaurs**
- _Aerosteon_
- _Afrovenator_
- Significant new material of _Carcharodontosaurus_
- _Deltadromeus_
- _Eocarcharia_
- _Eodromaeus_
- _Eoraptor_
- _Erliansaurus_
- _Graciliceratops_
- Significant new material of _Herrerasaurus_
- _Jobaria_
- _Kryptops_
- _Neimongosaurus_
- _Nigersaurus_
- _Pegomastax_
- Three new species of _Psittacosaurus_ (_P. meileyingensis_, _P. xinjiangensis_, _P. gobiensis_)
- _Rajasaurus_
- _Raptorex_
- _Rugops_
- Significant new material from _Spinosaurus_
- _Spinostropheus_
- _Suchomimus_

**Other fossil reptiles**
- _Marasuchus_, an early relative of dinosaurs
- "The African Pterosaur"
- _Sarcosuchus imperator_ or SuperCroc
- _Anatosuchus minor_ or DuckCroc from Niger
- _Araripesuchus rattoides_ or RatCroc from Niger and Morocco
- _Kaprosuchus saharicus_ or BoarCroc from Niger and Morocco
- _Laganosuchus thaumastos_ or PancakeCroc from Niger and Morocco
- _Laganosuchus maghrebensis_ or PancakeCroc from Niger and Morocco

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Paul C. Sereno
- **image**: Paul Sereno Lab Photo.jpg
- **caption**: At his laboratory in 2010
- **birth place**: Aurora, Illinois, USA
- **nationality**: American
- **fields**: Paleontology (Vertebrate paleontology, vertebrate)
- **workplaces**: University of Chicago
- **alma mater**: Northern Illinois University (Bachelor of Science, B.S., Biological Sciences, 1979)
Columbia University (Master of Arts, M.A., Vertebrate Paleontology, 1981; Master of Philosophy, M. Phil., Geological Sciences, 1981; Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D., Geological Sciences, 1987)
- **doctoral students**: Jeffrey A. Wilson
- **known for**: Discoveries in paleontology; founder of Project Exploration
- **author abbrev zoo**: Sereno
Nebulasaurus

***Nebulasaurus*** (meaning "misty cloud liard") is a sauropod only known from a braincaise. It was related to _Spinophorosaurus_.
New Aspiration Party

The **New Aspiration Party** (_Phak Khwam Wang Mai _) is a political party in Thailand. The party was founded in 1990 by General Chavalit Yongchaiyudh after his retirement as Commander-In-Chief of the Royal Thai Army. This party won the elections of 1996 and formed a coalition government with Chavalit as Prime Minister. The onset of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 diminished the electorate's confidence in the government, and Chavalit was forced to resign.

Discredited as a result of the economic crisis, Chavalit formed a coalition with the populist Thai Rak Thai Party led by Thaksin Shinawatra to take part in the 2001 elections. Shortly after the election, the majority of the New Aspiration Party merged with Thai Rak Thai and Chavalit became the Deputy Prime Minister in Thaksin's cabinet.

After the election in 2001,Thaksin Shinawatra the leader of Thai Rak Thai Party, became prime minister. The New Aspiration Party has joined the government. Shortly thereafter. The  New Aspiration Party was merged with the Thai Rak Thai Party. Mostly to join Thai Rak Thai party (the governing party) with Gen. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh except Chalerm Yubamrung who return to be the Leader of the Mass Party Chingchai Mongcoltam decided to continue the New Aspiration Party and Lieutenant Colonel Thita Rangsitpol Manitkul,WRTA Member of the Parliament and Deputy Secretary of the party. Offset to the Democrats. (Opposition Party) remains the only MPs moving from the opposition party government. During her tenure as a member of the House of Representatives

In the legislative elections on July 3, 2011, the party won 0.08% of the popular vote and no seats in the House of Representatives.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: New Aspiration Party
- **colorcode**: #FFFF00
- **leader**: Chavalit Yongchaiyudh <small>(1990-2002)</small>
Chingchai Mongcoltam <small>(since 2002)</small>
- **secretary general**: Juluek Boonchai
- **ideology**: Populism
- **headquarters**: Lat Phrao District, Lat Phrao, Bangkok, Thailand
- **country**: Thailand
- **native name**: พรรคความหวังใหม่
Deutsch-Kasachische Universität

The **Deutsch-Kasachische Universität**, abbreviated **DKU**, (Kazakh-German University; , ) is a co-educational non-profit university located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It was founded in 1999.  The school is accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

## Classes

Classes are taught by German and Kazakhstani professors.

The university has less than five hundred students studying in pre-bachelor, bachelor and master's programs.  Master's degrees can be earned in
- Management
- Finance
- Logistics
- Regional studies: Central Asia
- Regional studies: IWRM

Students are admitted based on scores on entrance exams and academic records.  Between 70% and 80% of applicants are accepted.

## Partnerships

The university has partnerships with five universities in Germany.

## Rankings

Whereas ‘Atameken’ National Chamber of commerce rating places it 5th among Kazakhstani universities,
   UniRank places it 38th.

## Location

The university is located at Pushkin Street 111/113, Almaty 050010.
The university's telephone number is +7 (727) 293 8913 - 29.

## School colors

The school colors are gray, black, red and gold.

## Other websites

official home-page of the university: http://dku.kz/de/
Yvonne Clark

**Yvonne Y. Clark** (born **Georgianna Yvonne Young**;  April 13, 1929 – January 27, 2019) was an American engineer. She is the first woman to get a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering at Howard University. She is the first woman to earn a master's degree in Engineering Management from Vanderbilt University. She was the first woman to serve as a faculty member in the College of Engineering and Technology at Tennessee State University, then an emereti Professor.

Clark was the first African-American woman to earn a master's degree in Engineering Management from Vanderbilt University in 1972, after having sent the first African-American students to their engineering department earlier.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Yvonne Young Clark
- **image**: YvonneYoungClark.jpg
- **alt**: Photo of Yvonne Clark
- **caption**: Yvonne Young Clark, ca 1961
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee
- **resting place**: Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, KY
- **nationality**: American
- **fields**: Mechanical Engineering
Alf Lüdtke

**Alf Lüdtke** (18 October 1943 – 29 January 2019) (also **Alf Luedtke**) was a German historian. He was born in Dresden. He was a leading German representative of the history of everyday life (_Alltagsgeschichte_ in German). Lüdtke was the founder and editor of the journal _Sozialwissenschaftliche Informationen_, as well as co-founder and co-editor of the journals _Werkstatt Geschichte_ and _Historische Anthropologie. Kultur – Gesellschaft – Alltag_.

Lüdtke died on 29 January 2019 in Dresden from a stroke, aged 75.

## Other websites

- Alf Lüdtke on the website of the University of Erfurt (with complete list of publications)
Ron Joyce

**Ronald Vaughan Joyce**, C.M. (October 19, 1930 – January 31, 2019) was a Canadian entrepreneur and billionaire. He co-founded the Tim Hortons doughnut chain as Tim Horton's partner. He helped create Tim Horton Children's Camps and the Tim Horton Children's Foundation. He was named a member of the Order of Canada in 1992.

## Net worth

In 2018, Forbes estimated his net worth to be around US$1.4 billion. Joyce died at his home in Burlington, Ontario on January 31, 2019 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ron Joyce
- **image**: Ronald V Joyce.jpg
- **caption**: Joyce in 2009
- **birth name**: Ronald Vaughan Joyce
- **birth place**: Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia, Canada
- **death place**: Burlington, Ontario, Canada
- **children**: 7, including, Ron Joyce, Jr.
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian
- **known for**: Co-founding Tim Hortons
- **occupation**: Entrepreneur and Philanthropist
Johnny Lion

**Johnny Lion** (born **John van Leeuwarden**; 4 July 1941 – 31 January 2019) was a Dutch singer, journalist and actor. He was best known for his hit-single "Sophietje". He was born in The Hague. An actor, Lion starred in the movies _Siberia_ (1998) and in _Van God Los_ (2003). A journalist, he worked for _Panorama_.

Lion, who was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and lung cancer, died in Breda, Netherlands on 31 January 2019, aged 77.
Lori Wilson

**Lori Wilson** (February 15, 1937 – January 30, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician. She was born in Waynesville, North Carolina. She was an Independent. Wilson was on the Florida Senate from 1973 to 1978.

Wilson died at her daughter's Indian Harbour Beach, Florida home on January 30, 2019 from complications of dementia, aged 81.
Waynesville, North Carolina

**Waynesville** is a town in and the county seat of Haywood County, North Carolina, United States. It is the largest town in Haywood County and the largest in western North Carolina west of Asheville. Waynesville. As of the 2020 census, Waynesville had a population of 10,140.
Jeremy Hardy

**Jeremy James Hardy** (17 July 1961 – 1 February 2019) was a English comedian and actor. He performed on both television and radio. Hardy was best known for his appearances on radio panel shows such as the _News Quiz_ and _I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue_.

Hardy was a socialist. He supported the Labour Party. He performed at Labour Party rallies. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn called him a "dear, lifelong friend".

Hardy died of cancer on 1 February 2019, at the age of 57.

## Other websites

- Jeremy Hardy at the British Film Institute

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Jeremy Hardy
- **image**: You'll Have Had Your Tea - Jeremy Hardy.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Hardy during a recording of _Hamish and Dougal, You'll Have Had Your Tea_ for BBC Radio 4 in 2006
- **birth name**: Jeremy James Hardy
- **birth place**: Aldershot, Hampshire
- **medium**: Television, radio and stand-up
- **nationality**: British
- **alma mater**: University of Southampton
- **spouse**: Kit Hollerbach (1986-?, divorced)
Katie Barlow
- **children**: 1
Ursula Karusseit

**Ursula Karusseit** (2 August 1939 – 1 February 2019) was a German actress. She was born in Elbing, West Prussia, Nazi Germany. Karusseit was known for her roles in _Ways across the Country_ and in _KLK Calling PTZ – The Red Orchestra_.

Karusseit died of heart disease in Berlin on 1 February 2019, aged 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ursula Karusseit
- **image**: Ursula Karusseit.jpg
- **caption**: Karusseit in _Ways Across the Country_ in 1968
- **birth place**: Elbing, East Prussia, Free State of Prussia, Nazi Germany (present-day Elbląg, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland)
- **death place**: Berlin, Germany
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: Benno Besson
- **children**: Pierre Besson
Clive Swift

**Clive Walter Swift** (9 February 1936 – 1 February 2019) was an English actor and songwriter. He was best known for his roles as Richard Bucket in the British television series _Keeping Up Appearances_ and as Roy in the British television series _The Old Guys_. Swift was born in Liverpool. He was married to journalist Margaret Drabble from 1960 to 1975 when they divorced.

Swift died at home in London from respiratory failure on 1 February 2019, aged 82.

## Other websites

- Clive Swift at the British Film Institute
- Obituary at bbc.co.uk
Walter James Edyvean

**Walter James Edyvean** (October 18, 1938 – February 2, 2019) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston from 2001 to 2014. He was born in Medford, Massachusetts.

Edyvean died on February 2, 2019 in Boston, aged 80.
Grandpa Danger

is an adventure manga by Kazutoshi Soyama. It was published by Shogakukan in _CoroCoro Comic_ since October 2001. It received the 2005 Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga. There is a 51-episode anime series based on this manga. It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 2004 to March 2005. It is licensed by Viz Media in North America as _Grandpa Danger_. There is also a series of video games based on this manga. A second anime television series ran from October 20, 2012 to December 22, 2012.

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **ja kanji**: 絶体絶命でんぢゃらすじーさん
- **ja romaji**: Zettai Zetsumei: Denjarasu Jii-san
- **genre**: Adventure, Comedy


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Kazutoshi Soyama
- **publisher**: Shogakukan
- **demographic**: Kodomo, Children, Shōnen manga, Shōnen
- **magazine**: CoroCoro Comic
- **first**: October 2001
- **last**: March 2010
- **volumes**: 20


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Yorifusa Yamaguchi
- **producer**: Naohiko Furuichi
Takeshi Sasamura
- **writer**: Isamu Sasagawa
- **music**: Makoto Takou
- **studio**: Studio Hibari
- **network**: TV Tokyo
- **first**: April 4, 2004
- **last**: March 27, 2005
- **episodes**: 51 _(5 minutes per episode)_


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **title**: Dangerous Jii-san Ja
- **author**: Kazutoshi Soyama
- **publisher**: Shogakukan
- **demographic**: Kodomo, Children, Shōnen manga, Shōnen
- **magazine**: CoroCoro Comic
- **first**: April 2010
- **last**: February 15, 2017
- **volumes**: 20


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: ova
- **title**: Dangerous Jii-san Ja
- **director**: Takashi Watanabe
- **music**: Hyadain
- **studio**: J.C.Staff
- **first**: July 27, 2012
- **last**: November 22, 2012
- **runtime**: 30 minutes
- **episodes**: 2


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **title**: Dangerous Jii-san Ja
- **director**: Takashi Watanabe
- **music**: Hyadain
- **studio**: J.C.Staff
- **network**: Kids Station
- **first**: October 20, 2012
- **last**: December 22, 2012
- **episodes**: 10


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Justin Fairfax

**Justin Edward Fairfax** (born February 17, 1979) is an American attorney and politician. He was the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 2018 to 2022. He is a member of the Democratic Party, he beat Republican nominee Jill Vogel in the 2017 election.

Fairfax is the second African American elected statewide, following Douglas Wilder, who was elected to the same position in 1985 and became Virginia Governor in the 1989.

In early February 2019, Big League Politics reported that Fairfax had been accused by Vanessa C. Tyson, an associate professor at Scripps College and fellow at Stanford University, of sexual assault at a hotel at the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston.

In September 2020, Fairfax announced his candidacy for Governor of Virginia. He lost the Democratic nomination to former Governor Terry McAuliffe.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Justin Fairfax
- **image**: Justin Fairfax crop.jpg
- **office**: 41st Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
- **governor**: Ralph Northam
- **term start**: January 13, 2018
- **term end**: January 15, 2022
- **predecessor**: Ralph Northam
- **successor**: Winsome Sears
- **birth name**: Justin Edward Fairfax
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Duke University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Columbia University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Bernard Lietaer

**Bernard Lietaer** (7 February 1942 – 4 February 2019) was a Belgian civil engineer, economist, author and professor. He studied monetary systems and promoted the idea that communities can benefit from creating their own local or complementary currency. He was born in Lauwe, Belgium. Lietaer was known for his books _The Future of Money: Beyond Greed and Scarcity_ and _New Money for a New World_.

Lietaer died on 4 February 2019 at the age of 76.
Detsl

**Kirill Aleksandrovich Tolmatsky** (; 22 July 1983 – 3 February 2019), better known by his stage name **Detsl and nickname Doshirak** (Russian: Децл), was a Russian hip hop artist. In 2000, he released his debut album _Who? You_ to massive success and quickly became a teen idol of the early 2000s in Russia. In 2001, his second album _Street Fighter_ was released.

He died on 3 February 2019 in Izhevsk at the age of 35 from a sudden heart attack after performing his live set at the private birthday party. In a 2007 interview, Detsl talked about faking his own death at the exact same age while performing at a concert in the same city he would actually die in.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Detsl
- **image**: Децл (Кирилл Толмацкий).jpg
- **caption**: Detsl in 2007
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Kirill Aleksandrovich Tolmatsky
- **alias**: Le Truk, Juzeppe Jostko
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russian SFSR
- **death place**: Izhevsk, Russia
- **genre**: Russian hip hop, reggae, ragga
- **years active**: 1999–2019
- **associated acts**: Bad Balance, Timati
Bob Friend

**Robert Bartmess Friend** (November 24, 1930 – February 3, 2019) was an American right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched mainly for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1951 to 1965. He also played for the New York Yankees and New York Mets in his final season of 1966. He is the first man ever to have led the league in ERA while pitching for a last place team.

Friend was born in Lafayette, Indiana. He studied at Purdue University. Friend died suddenly in his sleep at his home in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on February 3, 2019 from cardiac arrest at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Retrosheet
- Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame https://web.archive.org/web/20120331151653/http://www.indbaseballhalloffame.org/inductees/inductee_detail.cfm?induc_id=11
Salesforce Tower

**Salesforce Tower**, formerly known as the **Transbay Tower**, is a  office skyscraper in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. The building has a mix of office, transportation, retail, and residential uses.

Upon its completion in 2018 it became the tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline, with a top roof height of  and overall height of , surpassing the  Transamerica Pyramid. It is also the second-tallest building west of the Mississippi River after the  Wilshire Grand in Los Angeles.

## Awards

On April 10, 2019, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) named Salesforce Tower as the "Best Tall Building in the World" for the year 2019. It was celebrated at the Grand Hyatt Shenzhen, China.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Salesforce Tower
- **former names**: Transbay Tower
- **image**: Salesforce Tower from Salesforce Park.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: View of Salesforce Tower from the Salesforce Park
- **location**: Mission Street, 415 Mission Street
 San Francisco, California
- **pushpin map**: United States San Francisco Central#California#USA
- **highest prev**: Transamerica Pyramid
- **completion date**: 2018
- **status**: Complete
- **opening**: January 8, 2018
- **building type**: Commercial offices, retail
- **floor count**: 61
- **elevator count**: 34
- **cost**: US $1.1 billion
- **architect**: César Pelli, Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
- **engineer**: Magnusson Klemencic Associates
- **main contractor**: Clark Construction, Clark Construction Group /
Hathaway Dinwiddie (joint venture)
- **developer**: Boston Properties
- **owner**: Boston Properties (95%)
Hines Interests Limited Partnership, Hines Interests LP (5%)
Wilshire Grand Center

**Wilshire Grand Center** is a  skyscraper in the Financial District of Downtown Los Angeles, California, U.S. It was built in 2018 and is the tallest building in Los Angeles, the tallest building in California, the tallest building west of the Mississippi River and outside of New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia, and the 11th tallest building in the United States. The building is 105 floors.

It is taller than the U.S. Bank Tower by . The building is part of a mixed-use hotel, retail, observation decks, shopping mall, and office complex, expected to revitalize downtown Los Angeles and the area surrounding the building. The development of the complex is estimated to cost $1.2 billion.
Carmen Duncan

**Carmen Joan Duncan** (7 July 1942 – 3 February 2019) was an Australian actress and activist. She was nominated for the AFI Award for Best Actress for the 1980 movie _Harlequin_. She was also known for the movie _Don't Let It Get You_.

Her other movie appearances include _Touch and Go_ (1980) and _Turkey Shoot_ (1982). She played Iris Wheeler on the American soap opera _Another World_ from 1988 to 1994.

Duncan died on 3 February 2019 from cancer in Sydney, aged 76.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carmen Duncan
- **caption**: Carmen Duncan as Helen Sheridan in a scene from
- **birth name**: Carmen Joan Duncan
- **birth place**: Cooma, New South Wales, Australia
- **death place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **occupation**: Actress, activist
- **years active**: 1966–2019
- **children**: 2
Ransom County, North Dakota

**Ransom County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 5,703 people lived there. The county seat is Lisbon.
Beeville, Texas

**Beeville** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Bee County.
Judy Cornwell

**Judy Valerie Cornwell** (born 22 February 1940) is an English actress.

Cornwell is best known for her role as Daisy in the British sitcom _Keeping Up Appearances_. She played Anya Claus in the 1985 movie _Santa Claus: The Movie_.

## Other websites

- Judy Cornwell on IMDb
Santa Claus: The Movie

***Santa Claus: The Movie*** is a 1985 British-American Christmas movie starring Dudley Moore, John Lithgow and David Huddleston. The movie was directed by Jeannot Szwarc. It was released in North America on November 27, 1985, by TriStar Pictures.

## Cast

- David Huddleston as Santa Claus
- Dudley Moore as Patch
- John Lithgow as B.Z.
- Judy Cornwell as Anya Claus
- Burgess Meredith as the Ancient One
- Jeffrey Kramer as Dr. Eric Towzer

## Other websites

- _Santa Claus: The Movie_ on IMDb
- _Santa Claus: The Movie_ on Rotten Tomatoes
Josephine Tewson

**Josephine Ann Tewson** (26 February 1931 – 18 August 2022) was an English actress. She was best known for her roles in the British sitcoms _Keeping Up Appearances_ and _Last of the Summer Wine_. Her career began in 1957 and she retired in 2019.

Tewson died on 18 August 2022 at a retirement home in London, England at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- Josephine Tewson on IMDb

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Josephine Tewson
- **birth name**: Josephine Ann Tewson
- **birth place**: Hampstead, London, England
- **image**: Two Ronnies 1968.jpg
- **caption**: Tewson (middle) with Ronnie Corbett (left) and Ronnie Barker (right)
- **death place**: Northwood, London, Northwood, London, England
- **yearsactive**: 1957–2019
Martyrs (2008 movie)

***Martyrs*** is a 2008 French psychological horror movie. It was first shown at 2008 Cannes Film Festival at the Marché du Film. It was released theatrically in France on 3 September 2008.

The movie was controversial upon its release. It was associated with the New French Extremity movement.

## Plot

In 1971, a young girl, Lucie Jurin, escapes from a disused slaughterhouse. She's been imprisoned and abused there for over a year. The criminals and their motivations remain a mystery. Lucie is placed in an orphanage. She becomes friends there with a young girl named Anna Assaoui. Anna quickly discovers Lucie believes she is being constantly terrorized by a ghoulish creature. Anna comforts Lucie every time she has a nightmare.

Fifteen years later, in 1986, Lucie bursts into a home of a "normal" family, the Belfonds. The Belfonds are Gabrielle, her husband and children Antoine and Marie. Lucie kills them all with a shotgun. Anna waits for Lucie elsewhere. Anna knows Lucie believes the Belfonds were the people responsible for her childhood abuse. But at the same time, Anna is horrified when Lucie tells her she's killed them.

When they get to the house, Anna discovers Gabrielle is still alive. Anna tries to help her escape. However, Lucie beats Gabrielle to death. Lucie realizes that her insanity will not leave her. She commits suicide.

The next day, Anna is still at the family's house. She calls her mother by telephone. She has been estranged from her mother. In their conversation, it becomes evident that Anna was abused by her parents as a child. Suddenly, Anna hears some noises. She finds a secret underground chamber in the living room. In the chamber is a horribly tortured young woman named Sarah. Sarah proves that Lucie was right about the family. Anna helps Sarah escape. A group of strangers, however, kill Sarah with guns. Anna is captured. She meets the strangers' leader, an elderly lady named Mademoiselle.

Anna becomes the group's latest subject. She goes through a period of being beaten and degraded. She hallucinates a conversation with Lucie. Anna is later told she has progressed further than any other test subject. She has reached the "final stage." She is skinned alive. She survives the procedure.

## Cast

- Mylène Jampanoï as Lucie Jurin
    - Jessie Pham as Young Lucie
- Morjana Alaoui as Anna Assaoui
    - Erika Scott as Young Anna
- Catherine Bégin as Mademoiselle
- Isabelle Chasse as The Creature
- Robert Toupin as The father (Mr. Belfond)
- Patricia Tulasne as The mother (Gabrielle Belfond)
- Juliette Gosselin as Marie Belfond
- Xavier Dolan-Tadros as Antoine Belfond
- Louise Boisvert as Anna's Mother (voice)
- Jean-Marie Moncelet as Étienne
- Emilie Miskdjian as Sarah

## Reception

_Martyrs_ was categorized as a new example of new era French horror movies in terms of violence that it shows. The movie-ranking website Rotten Tomatoes said 53% of critics had given the movie positive reviews.

French Commission de Classification des Oeuvres Cinématographiques rated the movie 18+ (not suitable for children under 18). The movie's producers appealed. Martyrs' rating was later changed to 16+.
Raphine, Virginia

**Raphine** is an unincorporated community in Rockbridge County in the Shenandoah Valley in the U.S. state of Virginia.

The name "Raphine" came from an old Greek word "raphis", meaning "to sew." It was chosen in honor of James Edward Allen Gibbs (1829-1902). American inventor and industrialist Cyrus McCormick lived here before moving to Chicago.

In addition to Walnut Grove, the Kennedy-Lunsford Farm and Kennedy-Wade Mill are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Jüri Pihl

**Jüri Pihl** (17 March 1954 – 3 February 2019) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party.

From 1993 to 2003 he was the General Director of Kaitsepolitsei. From 5 April 2007 to 21 May 2009 he was the Minister of the Interior in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Andrus Ansip.

Pihl died on 3 February 2019 at the age of 64.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jüri Pihl
- **image**: 5 Jüri Pihl.jpg
- **caption**: Jüri Pihl in 2008.
- **office**: Minister of the Interior and Regional Affairs (Estonia), Minister of the Interior
- **primeminister**: Andrus Ansip
- **term start**: 5 April 2007
- **term end**: 21 May 2009
- **predecessor**: Kalle Laanet
- **successor**: Marko Pomerants
- **birth place**: Kuressaare, Estonia
- **party**: Social Democratic Party (Estonia), Social Democratic Party
Kristoff St. John

**Kristoff St. John** (July 15, 1966 – February 3, 2019) was an American actor. From 1991 to 2019, he played the role of Neil Winters on _The Young and the Restless_. He was nominated for eleven Daytime Emmy Award nominations, two Emmy Awards, and ten NAACP Image Awards for the role. He was born in New York City.

St. John was found dead in his Los Angeles, California home on February 3, 2019, aged 52. On March 19, 2019, it was announced that his death had been ruled accidental, with the cause listed as heart failure.
Joe P. Tolson

**Joe Pat Tolson** (April 15, 1941 – February 3, 2019) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1997 to 2014. Tolson was born in Pinetops, North Carolina.

Tolson died on February 3, 2019 from respiratory failure at a hospital in Tarboro, North Carolina, aged 77.
Pinetops, North Carolina

**Pinetops** is a town in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Rocky Mount, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,200 at the 2020 census. Pinetops is located at  (35.790821, -77.638807).
Tarboro, North Carolina

**Tarboro** is a town in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Rocky Mount Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, 10,721 people lived in the town. It is the county seat of Edgecombe County.
Edgecombe County, North Carolina

**Edgecombe County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At the 2020 Census, its population was 48,900. Its county seat is Tarboro.

Edgecombe County is part of the Rocky Mount, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rocky Mount, North Carolina

**Rocky Mount** is a city in Edgecombe and Nash counties in the Atlantic coastal plain region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. The city's population was 54,341 at the 2020 census.

Rocky Mount has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League two times, in 1969 and 1999.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rocky Mount
- **settlement type**: City
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 27801, 27802, 27803, 27804, 27809, 27815
- **image skyline**: RM CityLake.jpg
- **image caption**: Rocky Mount City Lake Park
- **motto**: "The Center Of It All"
- **image map**: Edgecombe County and Nash County North Carolina incorporated and unincorporated areas Rocky Mount highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, Edgecombe and Nash County, North Carolina, Nash Counties and the state of North Carolina.
- **pushpin map**: North Carolina#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Rocky Mount
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in North Carolina, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Edgecombe County, North Carolina, Edgecombe, Nash County, North Carolina, Nash
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Sandy Roberson
- **leader title1**: City manager
- **leader name1**: Peter Varney
- **leader title3**: City council
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: March 22, 1816
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: February 19, 1867
- **area total km2**: 116.27
- **area land km2**: 115.73
- **area water km2**: 0.54
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 54341
- **population density km2**: 469.55
- **population metro**: 143870 (US: List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 293rd)
- **population blank2 title**: Combined Statistical Area, CSA
- **population blank2**: 288747 (US: List of Combined Statistical Areas, 112th)
- **population urban**: 63297 (List of United States urban areas, US: 432nd)
- **population density urban km2**: 543.6
- **population density urban sq mi**: 1408.0
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: North American Eastern Time Zone#About its name, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 85
- **area code**: Area code 252, 252
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 37-57500
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404643
- **blank2 name**: Interstate Highways
- **blank2 info**:
- **blank3 name**: U.S. Highways
- **blank3 info**:
- **blank4 name**: List of state highways in North Carolina, State Highways
- **blank4 info**:
- **population density sq mi**: 1216.14
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 44.89
- **area land sq mi**: 44.68
- **area water sq mi**: 0.21
- **image blank emblem**: RockyMtLogo.png
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **named for**: Rocky mounds along the Tar River
- **nickname**: City On The Rise
Isacio Calleja

**Isacio Calleja García** (6 December 1936 – 4 February 2019) was a Spanish footballer. He was born in Valle de Cerrato, Spain. He played as a defender. Calleja played for Atlético Madrid from 1958 to 1972 and for the national team from 1961 to 1972.

Calleja died in Madrid on 4 February 2019 at the age of 82.
Chomsky hierarchy

The **Chomsky hierarchy** is a concept of theoretical computer science. Noam Chomsky looked at grammars of regular language and classified them into four levels, numbered 0 to 3.

Group 0 consists of regular expressions without restriction, while groups 1 to 3 contain restrictions. Grammars in higher-numbered levels also satisfy the constraints of all levels below them. The concept was developed in the 1950s.
Leonie Ossowski

**Leonie Ossowski** was the pen name of **Jolanthe von Brandenstein** (15 August 1925 – 4 February 2019), a  German writer. She wrote under the name **Jo Tiedemann**. She wrote scripts for DEFA: _Zwei Mütter_ ("Two mothers") and _Stern ohne Himmel_ ("Stars without Sky"). She has lived in Berlin from 1980 until her death. Her 1977 novel _Die große Flatter_ ("The big flutter") was also made into a movie.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Leonie Ossowski
- **image**: Leonie Ossowski.jpg
- **birth place**: Röhrsdorf, Lower Silesia
- **death place**: Berlin, Germany
- **birth name**: Jolanthe von Brandenstein
- **nationality**: Germany
- **genre**: short story, novel, children's literature, screenplay
Frederick Terman

**Frederick Emmons Terman** (; June 7, 1900 – December 19, 1982) was an American professor. He and William Shockley helped to create Silicon Valley.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Frederick Terman
- **birth name**: Frederick Emmons Terman
- **birth place**: English, Indiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Palo Alto, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **field**: Electrical engineering
- **work institution**: Stanford University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- **alma mater**: Stanford University
- **doctoral advisor**: Vannevar Bush
- **notable students**: Oswald Garrison Villard, Jr.
William Redington Hewlett, William Hewlett
David Packard
Russell and Sigurd Varian
Bernard M. Oliver
- **awards**: IEEE Medal of Honor
IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal <small>(1956)</small>
IEEE Founders Medal
National Medal of Science
Jeffrey Kramer

**Jeffrey Kramer** (born July 15, 1945) is an American movie and television actor. He is best known for roles in _Jaws_, _Halloween II_ and _Santa Claus: The Movie_.

## Other websites

- Jeffrey Kramer on IMDb
David Griffin

**David Griffin** (born 19 July 1943) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in the British sitcoms _Hi-de-Hi!_ and _Keeping Up Appearances._

## Other websites

- David Griffin on IMDb
Aztec Ruins National Monument

The **Aztec Ruins National Monument** preserves ancestral Puebloan structures in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. This national monument is close to both the town of Aztec and the Animas River. It is about 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Farmington, New Mexico. The Salmon Ruins and Heritage Park, which also has Puebloan structures, is about 9.5 miles (15.3 km) south of the monument.

The Aztec ruins date from the 11th to the 13th centuries. American settlers in the 19th century named them the "Aztec ruins" because they thought that the Aztec civilization built them.
Flag of Anguilla

The **national flag of Anguilla**, a British overseas territory, consists of a Blue Ensign with the British flag in the canton, charged with the coat of arms of Anguilla in the fly. The coat of arms consists of three dolphins, which were featured on the earlier Anguillan flag, and which stand for friendship, wisdom and strength.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Anguilla
- **image**: Flag of Anguilla.svg
- **use**: 110010
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **adoption**: 30 May 1990 (modified coat of arms on 25 January 1999)
- **design**: A Blue Ensign charged in the fly with the coat of arms of Anguilla
- **image2**: Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg
- **use2**: 000100
- **proportion2**: 1:2
Renville County, North Dakota

**Renville County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 2,282 people lived there. The county seat is Mohall.
Renville County

**Renville County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
- Renville County, Minnesota
- Renville County, North Dakota
Ramsey County

There are two counties in the United States named **Ramsey County**:

- Ramsey County, Minnesota, the seat of the state capital, Saint Paul
- Ramsey County, North Dakota
Letona, Arkansas

**Letona** is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Letona, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:White County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Letona Highlighted 0539520.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Letona in White County, Arkansas.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: White County, Arkansas, White
- **area total km2**: 1.01
- **area total sq mi**: 0.39
- **area land km2**: 1.01
- **area land sq mi**: 0.39
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 285
- **elevation m**: 87
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 240
- **population density km2**: 238.45
- **population density sq mi**: 616.97
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 72085
- **area code**: Area code 501, 501
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-39520
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0081874
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Richland County, North Dakota

**Richland County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 16,529 people lived there. The county seat is Wahpeton.
Doug Supernaw

**Douglas Anderson Supernaw** (September 26, 1960 – November 13, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist. He signed with BNA Records in 1993. Supernaw was born in Bryan, Texas.

Supernaw released four studio albums: _Red and Rio Grande_ (1993), _Deep Thoughts from a Shallow Mind_ (1994), _You Still Got Me_ (1995), and _Fadin' Renegade_ (1999), as well as two compilation albums, 1997's _The Encore Collection_, and 2017's "Greatest Hits".

Between 1993 and 1996, he charted eleven singles on the _Billboard_ Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, including "I Don't Call Him Daddy", a Number One single in late 1993.

Supernaw announced on February 4, 2019 that he had been diagnosed with stage IV lung and bladder cancer. He died from the diseases on November 13, 2020 in Livingston, Texas at the age of 60.

## Other websites

- Official website
Bryan, Texas

**Bryan** is a city in Brazos County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 83,980.
Sam Lloyd

**Samuel R. Lloyd IV** or simply Sam Lloyd (November 12, 1963 – April 30, 2020) was an American actor and an a capella singer. He was best known for his roles as lawyer Ted Buckland on the American comedy-drama _Scrubs_ and as Albert Goldfine in _Desperate Housewives_. Lloyd was born in Weston, Vermont. His uncle is actor Christopher Lloyd.

In February 2019, Lloyd was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer, which spread to his lungs, liver, jaw and spine. He died of the disease on April 30, 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 56.
Weston, Vermont

**Weston** is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 623 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Weston, Vermont
- **settlement type**: New England town, Town
- **image skyline**: Village Store, Weston, Vermont.jpg
- **image map**: Windsor County Vermont incorporated and unincorporated areas Weston highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Windsor County, Vermont, Windsor County and the state of Vermont.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Vermont
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Vermont, County
- **subdivision name2**: Windsor County, Vermont, Windsor
- **established title**: Chartered
- **established date**: 1799
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 91.1
- **area land km2**: 90.6
- **area water km2**: 0.5
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 623
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 482
- **elevation ft**: 1581
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 05161
- **area code**: Area code 802, 802
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 50-82000
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1462255
Carol Emshwiller

**Carol Emshwiller** (April 12, 1921 – February 2, 2019) was an American writer. She was known for her avant garde short stories and science fiction novels. She won the Nebula Award and the Philip K. Dick Award. Emshwiller was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Her best known novel was _The Mount_.

Emshwiller died on February 2, 2019 at her daughter's home in Durham, North Carolina, aged 97.

## Other websites

- 2011 radio interview at The Bat Segundo Show
Izzy Young

**Israel Goodman Young**  or **Izzy Young** (26 March 1928 – 4 February 2019) was an American-Swedish folklorist, businessman, columnist and writer. He was known in the world of folk music. He was the former owner of the Folklore Center in Greenwich Village, New York. He owned and operated the Folklore Centrum store in Stockholm.

Bob Dylan relates in his memoirs, _Chronicles_, how he spent time at the Center, where Young allowed him to sit in the backroom of the store, listening to folk music records and reading books.

Young was born in New York City. He died on 4 February 2019 in Stockholm at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Acoustic evenings at Folklore Centrum
- Bob Dylan: "Talking Folklore Center"
- Izzy Young's Folklore Center
Marla Sokoloff

**Marla Lynne Sokoloff** (born December 19, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing the part of Lucy Hatcher on the television show _The Practice_, Wilima in the movie _Dude, Where's My Car?_, Jody Lynch in _Party of Five_, and Gia Mahan on the ABC sitcom _Full House_ and _Fuller House._

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Marla Sokoloff (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sokoloff in a promotional photo
- **name**: Marla Sokoloff
- **birth name**: Marla Lynne Sokoloff
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1993–present
- **children**: 2
Broad Peak

**Broad Peak** (Urdu: بروڈ پیک) is the 12th highest mountain on Earth. Broad Peak is on the border of Pakistan and China.

Its name refers to its summit, which is over 1.5 kilometres (0.93mi) long. Broad Peak is located in the Karakoram mountain range, and is only roughly 5 miles away from K2. It is 8,047 metres (26,401 ft) above sea level and has many summits. There is debate on whether or not Broad Peak has one or two 8,000 metres summits. Broad Peak is considered one of the easier of the Eight-thousanders, the group of mountains that are more than 8,000 metres in height above sea level.

## History

The first ascent of Broad Peak was made between June 8 and 9, 1957 by Fritz Wintersteller, Marcus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger, and Hermann Buhl of an Austrian expedition led by Marcus Schmuck. This expedition was done without the use of supplemental oxygen, which help climbers breath at high altitudes. Thomas George Montgomery, a British surveyor, named the mountain K3 in 1856 and Martin Conway gave it the name Broad Peak for its mile long summit ridge in 1892.
Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign

The **Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign** was announced on February 10, 2019.  Before her announcement, Amy Klobuchar, who represents Minnesota in the United States Senate, had already been widely seen to be in the process of preparing to run for President of the United States.

Klobuchar was described by _The New York Times_ in 2008 and _The New Yorker_ in 2016 as one of the women most likely to become the first female President of the United States.

On February 5, 2019, Klobuchar announced she would make a "major announcement" on February 10 about a presidential bid. Klobuchar held a campaign announcement rally in at Boom Island Park in Minneapolis on February 10.

Klobuchar's allegedly harsh treatment of her Senate staff received some coverage before her announcement.

Klobuchar ended her campaign on March 2, 2020 a day before Super Tuesday due to low polling numbers and loosing the first four contests.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **logo**: Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign logo.svg
- **candidate**: **Amy Klobuchar**
United States Senate, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (2007–present)
County Attorney of Hennepin County, Minnesota (1999–2007)
- **affiliation**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **headquarters**: Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **status**: Announced: February 10, 2019
Suspended: March 2, 2020
Kurt Diemberger

**Kurt Diemberger** (born 16 March 1932) is an Austrian mountaineer and author. He is the only living person who has made the first ascents on two mountains over 8,000 metres: of Broad Peak in 1957 and of Dhaulagiri in 1960. He was born in Villach. He suffered from frostbite during the descent of Karakoram and had to have amputations.
Tibor Baranski

**Tibor Baranski** (; June 11, 1922 — January 20, 2019) was a Hungarian-American activist and educator. He was known for saving more than 3,000 Hungarian Jewish women, men and children from the Nazis during the Holocaust.

Baranski was arrested by the Soviets on December 30, 1944 and sent on a 16 day,  forced march towards a Soviet prison. He was released after Joseph Stalin's death in 1953. He left Hungary during 1956.

On January 11, 1979, Baránszki was recognized as one of the Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem. He was a member of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tibor Baranski
- **image**: Tibor_Baranski.jpg
- **caption**: Tibor Baranski
- **birth name**: Tibor Baránszki
- **birth place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **death place**: Buffalo, New York, U.S.
- **other names**: Baránszky
- **known for**: Saved more than 3,000 Jews during World War II
- **awards**: Righteous Among the Nations
- **occupation**: Teacher
- **parents**: Reszl Baránszki and Maria Schelnader
- **children**: Peter Forgach, Tibor Jr., Katiline
- **nationality**: Hungarian-American