juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Neuendorf-Sachsenbande

**Neuendorf-Sachsenbande** is a municipality in Wilstermarsch, in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The municipality has an area of . On 31 December 2006, 493 people lived there. The town has the lowest point in Germany, which is below sea level.

## History

The town was made on April 15, 2003, when the municipalities of _Neuendorf bei Wilster_, _Sachsenbande_, and _Bredensee_ were all joined together.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Gemeinde
- **name**: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande
- **image photo**: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande_TLSD_01.jpg
- **image caption**: The lowest point in Germany. The small black line at the bottom of the placard marked "NN" is sea level.
- **image coa**: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande-Wappen.png
- **image plan**: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande in IZ.png
- **state**: Schleswig-Holstein
- **district**: Steinburg
- **amt**: Wilstermarsch
- **elevation**: 5
- **area**: 19.31
- **population**: 493
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 25554
- **area code**: 04823
- **licence**: IZ
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 01 0 61 119
- **mayor**: Jens Tiedemann
Giessen (region)

**Gießen** is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany.  It is in the middle of the state.

|align="left"|_Kreise_ (districts)|
| --- | --- |
|# Gießen #Lahn-Dill-Kreis #Limburg-Weilburg #Marburg-Biedenkopf #Vogelsbergkreis||

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german regierungsbezirk)

- **name**: Gießen
- **map**: Mittelhessen districts.png
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Gießen
- **area**: 5381.14
- **population**: 1061444
- **population as of**: 30 Sep. 2005
- **url**: [http://www.rp-giessen.de/ www.rp-giessen.de]
- **latd**: 50
- **latm**: 35
- **longd**: 8
- **longm**: 40
Giessen (district)

**Gießen** () is a _Kreis_ (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=50% align=left|Towns|width=50% align=left|Municipalities|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Allendorf # Gießen # Grünberg # Hungen # Laubach # Lich # Linden # Lollar # Pohlheim # Staufenberg||# Biebertal # Buseck # Fernwald # Heuchelheim # Langgöns # Rabenau # Reiskirchen # Wettenberg|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Gießen
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Gießen COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Landkreis Gießen.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Gießen
- **regierungsbezirk**: Gießen Government Region, Gießen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06531
- **area**: 854.66
- **population**: 254,731
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 298
- **carsign**: GI
- **url**: http://www.lkgi.de
- **map**: Hessen Gi.png
Marburg-Biedenkopf

**Marburg-Biedenkopf** is a _Landkreis_ (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1974 when the districts Marburg, Biedenkopf and the former urban district of Marburg were merged. The urban district is now a "town with special status" inside the district.

The district has partnerships with Huntingdonshire in the United Kingdom, the borough of Charlottenburg in Berlin, and the district of Kościerzyna in Poland.

## Geography

The main river in the district is the Lahn.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=33%|Towns|align=left width=33%|Municipalities|align=left width=33%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Amöneburg # Biedenkopf # Gladenbach # Kirchhain # Marburg # Neustadt # Rauschenberg # Stadtallendorf # Wetter||# Angelburg # Bad Endbach # Breidenbach # Cölbe # Dautphetal # Ebsdorfergrund # Fronhausen||<ol start=8> <li>Lahntal <li>Lohra <li>Münchhausen am Christenberg <li>Steffenberg <li>Weimar <li>Wohratal </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)
- Touristic website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Marburg-Biedenkopf
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Marburg
- **regierungsbezirk**: Gießen Government Region, Gießen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06534
- **area**: 1,262.55
- **population**: 253,039
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 200
- **carsign**: MR
- **url**: [http://www.marburg-biedenkopf.de marburg-biedenkopf.de]
- **map**: Hessen MR.png
Lahn-Dill-Kreis

**Lahn-Dill** is a _Kreis_ (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany.

## History

In 1977 the district Gießen was merged with the districts Wetzlar and Dillkreis to the new Lahn-Dill-Kreis. However this big district was not popular, so in 1979 Giessen was split from it.

## Geography

The main rivers of the district are the Lahn and the Dill, which also gave it the name.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=33%|Towns|align=left width=33%|Municipalities|align=left width=33%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Aßlar # Braunfels # Dillenburg # Haiger # Herborn # Leun # Solms # Wetzlar||# Bischoffen # Breitscheid # Dietzhölztal # Driedorf # Ehringshausen # Eschenburg # Greifenstein # Hohenahr||<ol start=9> <li>Hüttenberg <li>Lahnau <li>Mittenaar <li>Schöffengrund <li>Siegbach <li>Sinn <li>Waldsolms </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)
- Official Online-Community  (German)

## Infobox (district de)

- **name**: Lahn-Dill-Kreis
- **map**: Locator map LDK in Hesse.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Lahn-Dill-Kreis COA.svg
- **image flag**: Hissflagge des Lahn-Dill-Kreises.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **regierungsbezirk**: Gießen Government Region, Gießen
- **capital**: Wetzlar
- **area**: 1066.51
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06532
- **population**: 252106
- **population as of**: 2012
- **carsign**: LDK (before 1991 L)
- **founded**: 1977
- **url**: http://www.lahn-dill-kreis.de
- **latd**: 50
- **latm**: 39
- **longd**: 8
- **longm**: 22
Vogelsbergkreis

The **Vogelsbergkreis** is a _Kreis_ (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1972 by merging the former districts Alsfeld and Lauterbach.

## Geography

The main feature of the district is the Vogelsberg, an extinct volcano, last active 7 million years ago.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=50%|Towns|align=left width=50%|Municipalities|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Alsfeld # Grebenau # Herbstein # Homberg (Ohm) # Kirtorf # Lauterbach # Romrod # Schlitz # Schotten # Ulrichstein||# Antrifttal # Feldatal # Freiensteinau # Gemünden # Grebenhain # Lautertal # Mücke # Schwalmtal # Wartenberg|

## Other websites

- Official website
- Website of the district administration
- Touristic website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Vogelsbergkreis
- **image coa**: DEU Vogelsbergkreis COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Vogelsbergkreis.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Lauterbach (Hesse), Lauterbach
- **regierungsbezirk**: Gießen Government Region, Gießen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06535
- **area**: 1,458.97
- **population**: 118,067
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 81
- **carsign**: VB
- **url**: http://www.vogelsberg.de
- **map**: hesse_vb.png
5-1-1

**5-1-1** is a special telephone number in the United States and some parts of Canada. It is made to be easy to remember. People can dial the number on a landline phone or on a mobile phone to get information about traffic and travel.

## History

In March 2001, there were more than three hundred phone numbers about traffic and travel. This was confusing to many people, because so many numbers existed, or were there, for the same thing. To fix this, the United States Department of Transportation (called the USDOT) asked the Federal Communications Commission (called the FCC) for a special N11 code. On July 21, 2000, the FCC made 5-1-1 the national telephone number for travel information.

### 5-1-1 numbers for specific places

- Arizona
- San Francisco Bay Area
- San Diego
- Florida
- Florida - Tampa Bay Area
- Florida - Southwest Florida Area
- Georgia
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Montana
- Nebraska
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Northern New England – Vermont
- Nevada
- Northern New England – New Hampshire
- Northern New England – Maine
- Oregon
- Southwest Ohio - Cincinnati, Northern Kentucky
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Virginia
6-1-1

**6-1-1** is a special telephone number in the United States and Canada. It is the number to call for phone service customers when there is a problem with phones in an area, or when a payphone is not working properly. Many mobile phone service providers use 6-1-1 as a customer service number.

The Federal Communications Commission did not officially decide that the 6-1-1 number should be used for this. They decided to let it stay because it had already been accepted, or chosen, by the North America Numbering Plan.
Fulda (district)

**Fulda** () is a _Kreis_ (district) in the north-east of Hesse, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1821, when the duchy of Stift Fulda became a province of Hesse, and was split into four districts.   The last change to the district was in 1975, when the Hünfeld district was added to the district.

## Stiffoller

Arround 1717-1804, People from Stift Fulda went to Hungary, and settled especially in the Komitat Baranya. This subgroup of the Danube Swabians are called Stiffoller,
There is also a street named the Stiffollerweg in Petersberg near Fulda

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Towns|width=33% align=left|Municipalities|width=33% align=left||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||#Fulda #Gersfeld #Hünfeld #Tann (Rhön)||#Bad Salzschlirf #Burghaun #Dipperz #Ebersburg #Ehrenberg #Eichenzell #Eiterfeld #Flieden #Großenlüder #Hilders||<ol start=11> <li>Hofbieber <li>Hosenfeld <li>Kalbach <li>Künzell <li>Neuhof <li>Nüsttal <li>Petersberg <li>Poppenhausen <li>Rasdorf </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website  (German)
- All around information portal of Fulda
- 360 degree virtual tour through the Hessian Rhön

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Fulda
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Fulda.png
- **image flag**: Flagge Landkreis Fulda.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Fulda
- **regierungsbezirk**: Kassel Government Region, Kassel
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06631
- **area**: 1,380.39
- **population**: 219,547
- **population as of**: 30 Jun 2006
- **density**: 159
- **carsign**: FD
- **url**: http://www.landkreis-fulda.de
- **map**: hesse_fd.png
Kassel (region)

**Kassel** is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, in the north of the country. It was created in 1866 when Prussia took over the area to form the new province Hesse-Nassau. Altogether it consists of 138 municipalities.

|width="50%"|_Kreise_ (districts)|width="50%"|_Kreisfreie Städte_ (district-free towns)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign="top"|# Fulda # Hersfeld-Rotenburg # Kassel # Schwalm-Eder # Waldeck-Frankenberg # Werra-Meißner|valign="top"|# Kassel|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german regierungsbezirk)

- **name**: Kassel
- **map**: Nordhessen districts.png
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Kassel
- **area**: 8288.7
- **population**: 1252907
- **population as of**: 31 Dec. 2005
- **url**: [http://www.rp-kassel.de/ www.rp-kassel.de]
- **latd**: 51.32
- **longd**: 9.50
Kassel (district)

**Kassel** is a _Landkreis_ (Rural District) in the north of Hesse, Germany. The district-free city Kassel is nearly completely surrounded by the district.

## History

1972 the previous districts of Kassel, Hofgeismar and Wolfhagen were joined to form the newly established district of Kassel.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=33%|Towns|align=left width=33%|Municipalities|align=left width=33%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Bad Karlshafen # Baunatal # Grebenstein # Hofgeismar # Immenhausen # Liebenau # Naumburg, Hesse # Trendelburg # Vellmar # Wolfhagen # Zierenberg||# Ahnatal # Bad Emstal # Breuna # Calden # Espenau # Fuldabrück # Fuldatal # Habichtswald # Helsa # Kaufungen||<ol start=11> <li>Lohfelden <li>Nieste <li>Niestetal <li>Oberweser <li>Reinhardshagen <li>Schauenburg <li>Söhrewald <li>Wahlsburg </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Kassel
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Kassel COA.svg
- **image flag**: Hissflagge des Landkreises Kassel.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Kassel
- **regierungsbezirk**: Kassel Government Region, Kassel
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06633
- **area**: 1,292.77
- **population**: 245,264
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 190
- **carsign**: KS
- **url**: http://www.landkreiskassel.de
- **map**: hesse_k.png
Transvaal

The **Transvaal** (lit. _beyond the Vaal [pale river]_) is the name of an area of northern South Africa. At the start, it made up a great part of the independent Boer South African Republic. Before the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 it was the Transvaal Colony. It is one of the original provinces of the Union of South Africa from 1910 until 1994 with capital in Pretoria. The province no longer exists, and its territory now forms the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga and part of the North West Province. Even though it no longer exists as an administrative unit, the Transvaal is still a commonly used geographical term and retains its historical meaning.
Kuril Islands

The **Kuril Islands** (; ; ), also called the , are a group of islands (archipelago) between Russia and Japan. The northern islands are an undisputed part of Russia and four southernmost islands are disputed by Japan. Both countries say that they own the four islands in the south of the group. This disagreement is called the Kuril Islands dispute.

Japan is asking for return of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan and Habomai subgroup. They say that these islands are being illegally held by Russia. Several political parties in Japan are asking for return of all Chishima Islands. Russia has said that it would return Shikotan and Habomai subgroup in 1956 but Japan did not agree to this agreement because it meant the United States would keep the island of Okinawa.

## North-Chishima / North Kurils

- Shumshu (占守島/)
- Araido (阿頼度島/Atarasov)
- Paramushiru (Paramushiru, Horomushiro / 幌筵島)
- Shirinki( 志林規島/Antsiferov)
- Makanru (Makanru / 磨勘留島 Makanrusi)
- Onnekotan (温禰古丹島/Onekotan)
- Harimukotan (春牟古丹島)
- Ekaruma ( 越渇磨島/Ekarma)
- Chirinkotan (知林古丹島)
- Shiashukotan (捨子古丹島 Shaskotan)
- Raikoke (雷公計島)
- Matsuwa(松輪島 Matuwa)
- Rashowa(羅処和島 Rasowa)
- Ushishiru ( 宇志知島/Uchicir)
- Ketoi ( 計吐夷島/Ketoy)
- Simushiru ( 新知島/Shimushir)
- Buroton (武魯頓島/Buroton)
- Chirpoi (知理保以島/Chirihoy)
- Chirihoinan (知理保以南島/Brat Chirpoyev)
- Uruppu ( 得撫島/Urup)

## South Chishima / South Kuril

- Etorofu (Iturup / 択捉島)
- Kunashiri (Kunashiri / 国後島)

## Little Kuril

Japan says these are not a part of the Chishima Islands at all (Habomai shoto (歯舞諸島) →　2008.3.21 - Habomai Gunto（歯舞群島）):
- Shikotan （色丹島）
- Todo/Kaiba（海馬島), Lisii/Shishki
- Taraku(多楽島), Polonskogo
- Shibotsu(志発島), Zelyoni
- Yuri (勇留島)
- Akiyuri(秋勇留島), Anuchina
- Harukaru (春苅島), Dyomina
- Suishō （水晶島), Tanfilyeva
- Kaigara(貝殻島), Signalny

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan
- Chishima Islands dispute
Botnet

A **Botnet** (short for robot network) is a word which is sometimes used by computer scientists. Botnets are made up of many software agents. Each software agent is controlled remotely. Botnets are known for their ability to act as a unit.

Such networks are often used to send E-Mail Spam, but they can also be used to attack (and bring down) a computer through Denial of Service attacks, amongst others.

A **Botnet** can also be referred to as a group of hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of zombie computers that are under the control of an attacker.
Baroque (band)

**Baroque** (written as **baroque**) is a Japanese visual kei rock band. Although all members of Baroque were men, they dressed up when they performed in concert. At their concerts, their received much criticism and so the band broke up.

Members
Ryo (Vocals)
Kei (Guitar)
Bansaku (Bass)
Akira(Guitar)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Baroque
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Japan
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **years active**: 2001–2004, 2011, 2012–present
- **label**: Free-Will, S'Cube, Free-Will, Firewall Div./Sony Music Entertainment Japan, SMEJ
- **associated acts**: Kannivalism
- **url**: [http://www.pigmy.jp Official site]
- **current members**: Ryo
Akira
Kei
Bansaku
- **past members**: Naru
 Yuji
Umpire (baseball)

In baseball, the **umpire** is someone who makes sure all of the rules are followed. Umpires are also used in tennis, cricket, and other sports.

The umpire officiates the game. Their responsibilities include:
- beginning and ending the game
- enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds
- making judgment calls on plays
- meeting out discipline
Linda Lingle

**Linda Lingle** (born **Linda Cutter**; June 4, 1953) is an American politician. She was the sixth Governor of Hawaii. She is a Republican.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Linda Cutter
- **image**: Linda Lingle navy 1-cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Lingle at the 65th Anniversary of the Attack on Pearl Harbor.
- **order**: List of Governors of Hawaii, 6th
- **office**: Governor of Hawaii
- **lieutenant**: James Aiona
- **term start**: December 2, 2002
- **term end**: December 6, 2010
- **predecessor**: Ben Cayetano
- **successor**: Neil Abercrombie
- **office2**: Mayor of Maui
- **term start2**: January 2, 1991
- **term end2**: January 2, 1999
- **predecessor2**: Hannibal Tavares
- **successor2**: James Apana
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **spouse**: Charles Lingle <small>(1972–1975)</small>
William Crockett <small>(1986–1997)</small>
- **alma mater**: California State University, Northridge
- **profession**: Publishing, Newspaper publisher
- **signature**: Linda Lingle signature.svg
Unna

**Unna** is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on an ancient salt-trading route, the Hellweg road.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Unna
- **image photo**: Unna Alter Markt.jpg
- **image caption**: The Old Market in Unna.
- **image coa**: DEU Unna COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Unna.svg
- **image plan**: Unna in UN.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Arnsberg
- **district**: Unna
- **elevation**: 142
- **area**: 88.52
- **population**: 66870
- **stand**: 2009-06-30
- **postal code**: 59423, 59425, 59427
- **area code**: 02303, 02308
- **licence**: UN
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 9 78 036
- **website**: [http://www.unna.de/ www.unna.de]
- **mayor**: Werner Kolter
- **party**: SPD
Max Weber (disambiguation)

**Max Weber** may refer to:

- Max Weber (general) (1824 –1901)
- Max Weber (sociologist ) (1864 –1920)
- Max Weber (artist) (1881 – 1961)
- Max Weber (politician) (1897 – 1974)
Max Weber (politician)

**Max Weber** (August 2, 1897 – December 2, 1974) was a Swiss politician.

He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 13, 1951 and handed over office on January 31, 1954. He was member of the Social Democratic Party. During his time in office he held the Department of Finance.

## Other websites

- Max Weber
Max Weber (general)

_There is also a Max Weber, German political economist and sociologist._
---

**Maximilian "Max" Emil Weber** (August 27, 1824 in Achern – June 15, 1901 in Brooklyn) was a military officer in the armies of Germany and later the United States, most known for serving as a brigadier general in the Union army during the American Civil War.

## Other websites

- Max Weber

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Max Weber
- **birth place**: Achern, Baden
- **death place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York
- **placeofburial**: The Evergreens Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Union Army general Max Weber.png
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
Union (American Civil War), Union
- **branch**: United States Army
Union Army
- **serviceyears**: 1861 - 1865
- **rank**:  Brigadier general (United States), Brigadier General
- **battles**: American Civil War
Oconto County, Wisconsin

**Oconto County** is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.  There were 38,965 people living in Oconto county as of the year 2020.  The county seat is Oconto.

## Geography

The county has an area of 1,149 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

### Counties nearby

- Marinette County - northeast
- Brown County - south
- Shawano County - southwest
- Menominee County - west
- Langlade County - west
- Forest County - northwest

## Cities and towns

- Abrams
- Bagley
- Brazeau
- Breed
- Chase
- Doty
- Gillett (town)
- Gillett
- How
- Lakewood
- Lena (town)
- Lena
- Little River
- Little Suamico
- Maple Valley
- Morgan
- Mountain
- Oconto Falls (town)
- Oconto Falls
- Oconto (town)
- Oconto
- Pensaukee
- Pulaski (partial)
- Riverview
- Spruce
- Stiles
- Suring
- Townsend
- Underhill

## Other websites

- Oconto County
- Oconto County Tourism & Development

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Oconto County
- **state**: Wisconsin
- **founded year**: 1854
- **seat wl**: Oconto
- **largest city wl**: Oconto
- **area total sq mi**: 1149
- **area land sq mi**: 998
- **area water sq mi**: 151
- **area percentage**: 13%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 38965
- **population density sq mi**: 39.1
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.co.oconto.wi.us
- **named for**: Oconto River
- **ex image**: Oconto County Court House.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The Oconto County Courthouse, circa 1910
- **district**: 8th
Niedergösgen

**Niedergösgen** is a municipality in the district Gösgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Niedergösgen
- **municipality name**: Niedergösgen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Niedergösgen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Gösgen (district), Gösgen
- **postal code**: 5013
- **municipality code**: 2495
- **area**: 4.33
- **elevation**: 377
- **population**: 3790
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.niedergoesgen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Däniken, Solothurn, Däniken, Gretzenbach, Lostorf, Niedererlinsbach, Obergösgen, Schönenwerd, Stüsslingen
Niederwil, Solothurn

**Niederwil** was a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. In 2011, Niederwil merged into Riedholz.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Niederwil
- **image photo**: Niederwil01.jpg
- **image caption**: Niederwil
- **municipality name**: Niederwil
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Niederwil SO-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Lebern (district), Lebern
- **postal code**: 4523
- **municipality code**: 2552
- **area**: 2.28
- **elevation**: 545
- **population**: 361
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.niederwil-so.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Balm bei Günsberg, Günsberg, Hubersdorf, Riedholz, Rüttenen
Nunningen

**Nunningen** is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Nunningen
- **municipality name**: Nunningen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Nunningen-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Thierstein (district), Thierstein
- **postal code**: 4208
- **municipality code**: 2621
- **area**: 10.27
- **elevation**: 621
- **population**: 1919
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.nunningen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beinwil, Solothurn, Beinwil, Breitenbach, Switzerland, Breitenbach, Bretzwil (BL), Fehren, Himmelried, Lauwil (BL), Meltingen, Seewen, Zullwil
Oberbuchsiten

**Oberbuchsiten** is a municipality in the district of Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberbuchsiten
- **municipality name**: Oberbuchsiten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Oberbuchsiten-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Gäu (district), Gäu
- **postal code**: 4625
- **municipality code**: 2406
- **area**: 9.37
- **elevation**: 442
- **population**: 1829
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.oberbuchsiten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Balsthal, Egerkingen, Holderbank, Solothurn, Holderbank, Kestenholz, Neuendorf, Switzerland, Neuendorf, Niederbuchsiten, Oensingen
Oberdorf, Solothurn

**Oberdorf** is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberdorf
- **image photo**: Oberdorf kirche 1.jpg
- **image caption**: View to the church of Oberdorf
- **municipality name**: Oberdorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Oberdorf-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Lebern (district), Lebern
- **postal code**: 4515
- **municipality code**: 2553
- **area**: 11.9
- **elevation**: 559
- **population**: 1678
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.oberdorf.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bellach, Gänsbrunnen, Langendorf, Switzerland, Langendorf, Lommiswil, Rüttenen, Selzach, Welschenrohr
Obergerlafingen

**Obergerlafingen** is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Obergerlafingen
- **municipality name**: Obergerlafingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Obergerlafingen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Wasseramt (district), Wasseramt
- **postal code**: 4564
- **municipality code**: 2528
- **area**: 1.52
- **elevation**: 462
- **population**: 1097
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.obergerlafingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gerlafingen, Koppigen (BE), Kriegstetten, Recherswil, Utzenstorf (BE), Zielebach (BE)
Isengard (Norwegian band)

**Isengard** was the side project of Darkthrone's drummer and poet Fenriz.

## Albums

- Vinterskugge (1994)
- Høstmørke (1995)
- Traditional Doom Cult (2016)
- Vårjevndøgn (2020)

pl:Isengard (grupa muzyczna)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Isengard
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Oslo, Norway, Oslo, Norway
- **genre**: Black metal <small>(early)</small>
 Folk metal <small>(later)</small>
- **years active**: 1989–1995
- **label**: Moonfog Productions, Peaceville
- **current members**: Fenriz
Bunker (disambiguation)

A **bunker** is a defensive military building.

**Bunker** can also mean:
- Bunker (golf), a sand trap on a golf course.
- A paintball bunker
- Bunker Tragedy
- Bunker fuel, the fuel carried by a ship for propulsion

**Media**
- _The Bunker_, a 1978 book about the last days of Hitler
- The Bunker (movie) could mean two moviess:
    - _The Bunker_ (1981 movie), a movie based on the 1978 book
    - _The Bunker_ (2001 movie), with Jason Flemying
- _Bunker Bean_, a 1936 movie
- _Bunker 13_, a 2003 novel by Aniruddha Bahal

**Places**:
- Bunker Hill
- Bunker, Missouri

**People**:
- Berkeley L. Bunker, an American Senator and Representative
- Bunker Roy, an Indian social activist
- Edward Bunker, the writer
- Edward Bunker (Mormon pioneer)
- Ellsworth Bunker, an American diplomat
- Mark Bunker, a television producer
- Wally Bunker (born 1945), a former Major League Baseball pitcher
Tom DeLonge

**Thomas Matthew DeLonge, Jr.** (born December 13, 1975) is an American musician. He was the guitarist of Pop-punk band blink-182, until their break up in 2005. He also took a part in a project called Box Car Racer. He plays and records with Angels & Airwaves, his new band that he started after blink-182's break up. In 2009, blink-182 reunited, and they released a new album in September 2011, titled Neighborhoods. In 2012, blink-182 toured Australia for the first time since 2004.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tom DeLonge
- **img**: Tom Delonge on Jimmy Kimmel with Blink 182 09.jpg
- **img capt**: DeLonge in 2009 with Blink-182
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Thomas Matthew Delonge Jr.
- **origin**: Poway, California, Poway, California, United States
- **instrument**: Guitar, Singing, vocals, Bass guitar, bass, trumpet,  piano
- **genre**: Punk rock, pop punk, skate punk, alternative rock, space rock, neo-progressive rock
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, movie producer
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **label**: To the Stars, DGC Records, DGC, Interscope Records, Interscope, Geffen Records, Geffen, Suretone Records, Suretone, MCA Records, MCA, Grilled Cheese Records, Grilled Cheese, Cargo Music, Kung Fu Records, Kung Fu
- **associated acts**: Blink-182, Angels & Airwaves, Box Car Racer
United States Geological Survey

The **United States Geological Survey** (**USGS**) is a scientific agency of the United States government. The agency is a part of the United States Department of the Interior.

The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines: biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization. It has no power to regulate.

The USGS science focus is on seven "Mission Areas", (1) Climate and land use change, (2) Core science systems, (3) Ecosystems, (4) Energy and minerals, (5) Environmental health, (6) Natural hazards, and (7) Water.

Administratively, it is divided into a Headquarters unit and six Regional Units.  Other specific programs include:

## Earthquakes

The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. Its National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) in Golden, Colorado detects the location and magnitude of global earthquakes. The USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in the U.S. under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System  (ANSS). The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and the public, both domestic and worldwide, about significant earthquakes. It also maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards.

The USGS operates the streamgaging network for the United States, with over 7400 streamgages. Real-time streamflow data are available online.
The motto of the USGS is "_Science for a changing world_."

## Other websites

|Website|
| --- |
|USGS official site|
|Major USGS sites: Water, Geology , Geography , Biology|

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: United States Geological Survey (USGS)
- **logo**: USGS logo green.svg
- **logo width**: 160px
- **logo caption**: Official identifier of the U.S. Geological Survey
- **seal**: US-GeologicalSurvey-Seal.svg
- **seal width**: 140px
- **seal caption**: Seal of the United States Geological Survey
- **picture**: Flag of the United States Geological Survey.png
- **picture caption**: Flag of the United States Geological Survey
- **formed**: (as Geological Survey)
- **jurisdiction**: United States
- **headquarters**: John Wesley Powell, John W. Powell National Center
Reston, Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **employees**: 8,670 (2009)
- **budget**: United States dollar, $1.16 billion (FY2019)
- **chief1 name**: Dave Applegate
- **chief1 position**: Acting Director
- **parent agency**: United States Department of the Interior
- **website**: [https://www.usgs.gov/ USGS.gov]
Pyroclastic flow

A **pyroclastic flow,** pronounced pie-roh-class-tick, (also known as a **pyroclastic density current**) is a flow of hot volcanic gas and tephra, during a volcanic eruption. A cloud forms over the current of hot rock. This boiling column of superheated gas, sand, tephra, obsidian, and pumice can reach soaring temperatures of  and its average speed ranges from  to .

They are extremely dangerous and can be deadly. A person cannot outrun a pyroclastic flow. Learn more at USGS.gov.
Mudflow

A **mudflow** or **mudslide** occurs when mud travels down a slope very quickly. Mudflows, which are like giant moving mud pies, happen when lots of water mixes with soil and rock. The water makes the slippery mass of mud flow quickly down. Mudflows happen most in mountainous places where a long dry season is followed by heavy rains.

Mudflows of volcanic eruptions are the most dangerous, and are called **lahars**. A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. Lahars can move as quickly as 80km/h and are as thick as liquid concrete.

Lahars have several possible causes:
- Snow and glaciers can be melted by lava or pyroclastic flows during an eruption
- A flood caused by a glacier, lake breakout, or heavy rainfall can release a lahar, also called glacier run
- Water from a crater lake, combined with volcanic material in an eruption
Lahars can occur without volcanic activity, if conditions are right for the collapse and movement of mud from existing volcanic ash deposits.
- Snow and glaciers can melt during periods of mild weather
- Earthquakes underneath or close to the volcano can shake material loose and cause it to collapse triggering a lahar avalanche.
- Rainfall or typhoons can cause slabs of solidified mud to come rushing down the slopes, with devastating results.
Stuart Duncan

**Stuart Duncan** (born April 14, 1964) is an American fiddle, banjo, mandolin, and guitar player. In his career, Duncan has recorded with artists such as Dolly Parton, Barbra Streisand, George Strait, Reba McEntire, Bela Fleck, Jerry Douglas, and Chris Thile.

## Other websites

- http://www.mikecompton.net/Photos/Promo/NBB.Bio_TwentyYearBlues.doc

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Stuart Duncan
- **img**: Duncan-fls.jpg
- **img capt**: Duncan in 2016
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **origin**: Quantico, Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: Fiddle, mandolin, banjo, guitar
- **associated acts**: Nashville Bluegrass Band, many others
Class (programming)

**Class** and **object** are basic building blocks in object-oriented programming languages. A **class** is written by a programmer in a defined structure to create an object (computer science) in an object oriented programming language. It defines a set of properties and methods that are common to all objects of one type.

**For example**, a class could be a car, which could have a color field, four tire fields, and a drive method.
Another related class could be a truck, which would have similar fields, but not be exactly the same as a car. Both a car and a truck could be a kind of a third class which could be called a vehicle class. In this way, the programmer could create the parts of the program that are the same for both the car and the truck in programming the vehicle class, yet the programmer would be free to program how a car is different from a truck without duplicating all of the programming.

**In this example**, there are three classes: 1) a class called "car", 2) a class called "pick-up truck", and 3) a class called "vehicle". These classes would be used to make objects. Although there is only one class called "car", there could be many objects that are created from the class called "car". And, although there is only one class that is called "truck", many objects of type truck could be created from this class. The "vehicle" class is actually general and there would probably not be any objects that were only of the class "vehicle". But a car would be a kind of vehicle and a truck would also be a kind of vehicle. So, you could say that both cars and trucks are from the same class, vehicle.

Inside of classes are two kinds of things: methods and fields (or properties). Methods can store the code for doing actions; in this example you could have a drive method and a brake method, and maybe a turnRight and turnLeft method. Fields store data; you could have a color field, a speed field and a size field. You can call methods by first making an object of the Car or Truck class, and call it for example ferrari, and doing ferrari.methodName(). In this case, if we wanted to make the vehicle move, we could do ferrari.drive().

## Example

Here is an example realized with Java. Please notice that all unnecessary aspects are left out.
Loggerhead sea turtle

The **loggerhead sea turtle** or **loggerhead**, (_Caretta caretta_), is a type of turtle that lives in the sea. It is from the family Cheloniidae.

Loggerheads live in the seas around the world. Most of the beaches where loggerheads lay eggs are found on the coasts of the United States in North America (mostly in Florida), Oman in Asia, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean. Some loggerheads also live near other countries like Chile, Greece, and Indonesia.

## How they live

Loggerheads eat fish, squid, jellyfish, crabs, and other small sea animals. Loggerheads mate while they are moving in the seas mostly from March to June every 2 or 3 years. When they are ready to lay eggs female loggerheads always come back to the same beach where they came out of their eggs as babies. Most loggerheads lay eggs in June and July. Most lay between 100 and 126 eggs. The eggs look much like ping-pong balls.

When they come out of the eggs baby loggerheads are called _hatchlings_. They usually come out at night so that other animals, like birds and crabs, do not eat them. The hatchlings follow light from the morning sun to the sea. They swim out to parts of the ocean that have seaweed (plants that grow in the sea) to hide from other animals while they grow.

Most loggerheads move to warm waters during months that are colder but some hibernate, or sleep for long times, when it is cold. When they are hibernating they can stay under the water for up to seven hours before coming up for air.

Loggerheads live 30 to 50 years or more.

## Protecting them from people

In the past loggerhead sea turtles were hunted by people for meat and for their eggs. Also their fat and shells were used to make medicines, combs, and other things. The number of loggerheads today is small and so governments in many countries have laws that do not allow them to be hunted anymore.

The main danger for loggerheads now is the nets used by fishermen which can accidentally kill the turtles. They are also killed by boats, fishing hooks, and other dangers from people.

Civilization is harming the loggerhead reproduction cycle, due to beach construction.

## Related pages

- Sea turtle
- Hawksbill turtle

## Further reading

- Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is endangered and the criteria used
- Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection - Endangered, Threatened & Special Concern Reptiles
- https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070922/ap_on_go_ot/loggerhead_turtles_2

## Other websites

- **International**:
- **U.S.**: Loggerhead Turtle- by NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources
- **Florida**: Loggerhead Sea Turtle - by U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's North Florida Field Office
- **Caribbean**: Caribbean Conservation Corporation & Sea Turtle Survival League
- **Africa**: Marine Turtles-Africa - Convention on Migratory Species
Islamic Golden Age

The **Islamic Golden Age**, also sometimes known as the **Islamic Renaissance**, is traditionally said to have lasted from the 8th century to the 13th century. However, some place its start as early as the Umayyad Caliphate (founded in 661 by Caliph Mu'awiya I) and its end as late as the late 15th and the 16th centuries, including the rise of the Islamic gunpowder empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire.

The Islamic Golden Age is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) who started in the 8th century the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city. The library saw scholars from all over the Muslim world flock to translate the known world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian.  Under the Umayyads, Al-Andalus also became a centre of science, medicine, philosophy, and inventions during the Islamic Golden Age.

The period got its name because engineers, scholars, and traders in the Islamic world did much for the arts, agriculture, economics, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, and technology. They built upon earlier traditions and added inventions and innovations of their own. Howard R. Turner wrote, "Muslim artists and scientists, princes and laborers together created a unique culture that has directly and indirectly influenced societies on every continent."

## Other websites

- Golden age of Arab and Islamic Culture
- The Influence of Islamic Philosophy and Ethics on The Development of Medicine During the Islamic Renaissance - By Dr. Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal
Auguste Charlois

**Auguste Honoré Charlois** (26 November 1864 – 26 March 1910) was a French astronomer who discovered 99 asteroids while working in Nice, France.

He first discovered the asteroid 267 Tirza in 1887. He was awarded the Valz Prize by the French Academy of Sciences in 1889 for his work on calculating asteroid orbits. He was also awarded the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France in 1899.

## Murder

When he was 45 years old, he was murdered by Gabriel Brengues, over an inheritance by the death of Jeanne (née Brengues). The man was found guilty and given a life sentence of hard labor in New Caledonia.

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Auguste Charlois
- **image**: La Cadière-d'Azur 26.jpg
- **caption**: Birthplace,
3 Avenue Marx Dormoy,
La Cadière-d'Azur
- **birth place**: La Cadière-d'Azur
- **nationality**: France, French
- **occupation**: Astronomer
- **awards**: Prix Jules Janssen
Valz Prize
HCard

**hCard**, short for **HTML vCard**, is a format for publishing the contact information of people, companies, organizations, and places, in XHTML, Atom, RSS, or raw XML.
Ellen Axson Wilson

**Ellen Louise Axson Wilson** (May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914), first wife of Woodrow Wilson was First Lady of the United States from 1913 until her death.

## Early life

Ellen spent her childhood in  Rome, Georgia. Her father’s name was Reverend S.E. Axson. Her father was a Presbyterian minister. Thomas Woodrow Wilson first saw Ellen when he was about six and she only a baby. In 1883, as a young lawyer from Atlanta, "Tommy" visited Rome (Georgia) and met "Miss Ellie Lou" again. She was looking after her father’s household. He wanted to marry her. The marriage took place in 1885, as she did not immediately wanted to leave her father alone.

In the same year, her husband got a teaching job at Bryn Mawr College.  They lived near the campus. She kept her younger brother with them. The Wilson couple had three children. Margaret was born in 1886; Jessie was born in 1887. A third child named Eleanor was born in Connecticut, while Wilson was teaching at Wesleyan University.

Beginning in 1890, her husband had a well-known career at Princeton University. This brought much social responsibility to Ellen.  She spent most of her time painting.  She had a studio in the White House where she painted.

## First Lady

The Wilson couple began their administration without any party. As the First Lady, Ellen’s entertainments were also simple. But her charms and warmness made the people happy. Her parties became successes.

As the First Lady, Ellen Wilson tried for improving the housing for the "Negroes" living in Washington D.C. She visited the slums where Negro families lived. This brought their bad living condition to the attention of the Congressmen.

## Death

She had Bright's disease. She died on 6 August 1914 after an operation on her appendix. At the time of her death, she quietly said to the physician: "…take good care of my husband." She also told her physician to tell her husband to marry again after her death. Wilson was very sad at her death. He took her to Rome, Georgia for burial. He would later marry Edith Wilson in 1915.

## References

- _Original text based on White House biography _

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ellen Axson Wilson
- **image**: ELWilson.jpg
- **caption**: Ellen Louise Wilson
- **office**: First Lady of the United States
- **term start**: March 4, 1913
- **term end**: August 6, 1914
- **term label**: In role
- **president**: Woodrow Wilson
- **predecessor**: Helen Herron Taft
- **successor**: Edith Bolling Wilson
- **birth name**: Ellen Louise Axson
- **birth place**: Savannah, Georgia, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **spouse**: Thomas Woodrow Wilson
- **signature**: Ellen Wilson Signature.svg
Fédération Cynologique Internationale

The **Fédération Cynologique Internationale** (**FCI**, World Canine Organisation) is an association of kennel clubs. It is based in Thuin, Belgium.

It has 84 members and contract partners (one member per country) that each issue their own _pedigrees_ (rules about how each type of dog should look) and train their own judges. The FCI makes sure that the pedigrees and judges are of one FCI member are recognised by all other FCI members.

## Other websites

- World Canine Organisation, in English

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Fédération Cynologique Internationale
- **abbreviation**: FCI
- **formation**: 1911
- **status**: Active
- **location**: Thuin, Belgium
- **language**: Many languages
- **website**: http://www.fci.be/
Robertstown

**Robertstown** is a village in County Kildare, Ireland.  It is near to many famous villages such as Allenwood.

## People

Robertstown has a population of 707 people.
Breckerfeld

**Breckerfeld** is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, (Germany). It is in the southeastern part of the Ruhr area in northern Sauerland.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Breckerfeld
- **image coa**: DEU Breckerfeld COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Breckerfeld.svg
- **image photo**: Breckerfeld.jpg
- **image caption**: Breckerfeld, Frankfurter Straße
- **image plan**: Breckerfeld in EN.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Arnsberg
- **district**: Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
- **elevation**: 380 - 442
- **area**: 59
- **population**: 9313
- **stand**: 2009-06-30
- **postal code**: 58339
- **area code**: 02338
- **licence**: EN
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 9 54 004
- **divisions**: 2
- **mayor**: Klaus Baumann
- **party**: CDU
Paul Raud

**Paul Raud** (October 22, 1865 - November 22, 1930) was an Estonian painter. He had twin brother, Kristijan Raud, who was also painter. Paul Raud studied in Düsseldorfi art academy.

## Related pages

- Düsseldorf school of painting