juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Toronto Argonauts

The **Toronto Argonauts** (officially the **Toronto Argonaut Football Club** and commonly known as the **Argos**) are a professional Canadian football team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Argonauts play in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Started in 1873, the team is the oldest professional sports team in North America still using its original name, as well as the oldest-surviving team in both the modern-day CFL and East Division. The team's origins date back to a modified version of rugby football that emerged in North America in the latter half of the 19th century. The Argonauts played their home games at Rogers Centre (originally known as SkyDome) from 1989 until 2016, when the team moved to BMO Field, the fifth stadium site (on the footprint of their third home Exhibition Stadium) to host the team.

The Argonauts have won the Grey Cup a record 19 times and have appeared in the final 25 times. Most recently, they defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 41–24 in the 111th Grey Cup in 2024. The Argonauts hold the best winning percentage in the championship game (.760) and have the longest active winning streak in games in which they have appeared, at eight. The Argonauts have faced every current western CFL team at least once in the Grey Cup, while their most celebrated divisional rivalry has been with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

The team was founded and owned by the Argonaut Rowing Club for its first 83 years, and has been owned by a series of business interests since 1956. The Argonauts were a fixture on the Toronto sports scene for decades, with attendance peaking in the 1970s. In May 2015, a consortium of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment's Larry Tanenbaum (via the Kilmer Group) and Bell Canada reached an agreement to acquire the team. The sale included a scheduled move to the MLSE-run BMO Field for the 2016 season, which had long been proposed given poor attendance at Rogers Centre. MLSE announced in December 2017 that it had agreed to purchase the team outright, with the deal finalized on January 19, 2018. The previous owners continue to indirectly own stakes in the Argos, as Bell Canada and the Kilmer Group respectively hold 37.5% and 25% stakes in MLSE.

Given the length of the team's history, dozens of players, coaches, and management have been honoured in some form over the years. The team recognizes a select group of players with retired numbers - early greats Joe Krol and Dick Shatto, stalwart offensive lineman Danny Nykoluk, and Michael "Pinball" Clemons, who has been the most recent face of the team.

## Other websites

- Toronto Argonauts official website
TD Canada Trust

**TD Canada Trust** is the personal, small business and commercial banking operation of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD) in Canada. It was created when two banks merged, Toronto Dominion and Canada Trust in 2000.

## Other websites

- TD Canada Trust
- TD Canada Trust Deposit Registers
- TD Canada Trust Locations

## Infobox (company)

- **logo**: Toronto-Dominion Bank logo.svg
- **type**: Division (business), Division of Toronto-Dominion Bank
- **foundation**: Toronto, Ontario (2000)
- **location city**: Toronto, Ontario
- **location country**: Canada
- **key people**: Tim Hockey, Chief executive officer, President & CEO
- **locations**: Approximately 1,100 branches, and 2,600 Automated teller machine, ATMs
- **industry**: Financial services, Financial Services
- **services**: Banking
- **area served**: Canada
- **revenue**: $9.7 billion (2012)
Potato chip

A **potato chip** (also known as a **potato crisp** in the United Kingdom) is a thin slice of potato that has been baked or fried and lightly salted or seasoned. Some popular flavors of potato chips are: salt and vinegar, ketchup, sour cream and onion. They are one of the most important snack foods in Western nations. In England, they are called "Crisps". In America, they are called "Potato chips".

In the 1790s, Thomas Jefferson brought thick french fries to the United States from France. However, a customer at a restaurant at the Moon Lake Lodge in Saratoga Springs, New York, was making the chef, George Crum, angry by saying that the fries were not thin enough. Finally, George Crum became so angry he decided to exaggerate. He sliced the potatoes so thinly they could not even be pierced with a fork. Then he put them in ice water for 30 minutes. After he fried and salted them, he gave them to the customer - who, to his surprise, loved them. First named "Saratoga Chips" in 1853, it later became well known as "potato chips". George Crum later opened his own restaurant that served his special potato chips.

## References

- Choron, Sandra. _The Big Book of Kids' Lists_. New York: World Almanac Publications, 1985.
- Caney, Steven. _Steven Caney's Kids' America._ New York: Workman Publishing, 1978
- Flexner, Stuart Berg. _Listening to America._ New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
- Sutton, Caroline. _How Did They Do That_? New York: William Morrow and Co., 1987

## Other websites

- Taquitos.net (more than 900 reviews of potato chips)
- A short documentary _How Do They Make Potato Chips?_
York University

- _This article is about the Canadian university. For the British university, see University of York._

**York University** (French: _Université York_), is a Canadian university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. York University is Canada's third largest university. It first opened in 1959.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: York University
_Université York_
- **image upright**: 0.6
- **motto**: _Tentanda via_ (Latin)
- **mottoeng**: The way must be tried
- **established**: 1959
- **type**: Public university
- **endowment**: $439 million
- **chancellor**: Gregory Sorbara
- **president**: Rhonda Lenton
- **students**: 52,300
- **undergrad**: 46,400
- **postgrad**: 5,900
- **city**: Toronto
- **state**: Ontario
- **country**: Canada
- **campus**: Urban area, Urbansuburban,

- **nickname**: York Lions
- **mascot**: Lion
- **logo**: Logo York University.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **affiliations**: Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, AUCC, Canadian Association of Research Libraries, CARL, International Association of Universities, IAU, Council of Ontario Universities, COU, U Sports, Ontario University Athletics, OUA, Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate, CUSID, Fields Institute, Ontario Network of Women in engineering, Canadian Bureau for International Education, CBIE, Canadian Federation of Students, CFS, Canadian University Press, CUP.
- **staff**: 7,000
University of Toronto

The **University of Toronto** is a university based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was created by the King of the United Kingdom in 1827, many years before Canada became a country.

The university has land in downtown Toronto, Scarborough, and Mississauga. Its land in downtown Toronto is called the University of Toronto Saint George and it is the oldest and biggest of the three places. Its land in Scarborough is called the University of Toronto Scarborough and its land in Mississauga is called the University of Toronto Mississauga.

The university has 11 different colleges where students at the University of Toronto Saint George live and study. These colleges all have their own buildings, dining halls and libraries. Some colleges relate to Christian churches, but other colleges are not religious. The university also has hospitals and many places for research.

In teaching, the University of Toronto is known for its ideas about literature and communication. It is also the place where insulin and stem cells were first found. Its people built the first electron microscope, found the first black hole, and began a touchscreen technology called multi-touch. It is the university that has the most money and research work in Canada. The university's sports teams are called the Varsity Blues, and they have very long histories in American football and ice hockey. The University of Toronto has been ranked as one of the top universities in the world.

## References

- Friedland, Martin L. (2002). _The University of Toronto: A History_. The University of Toronto Press. .

## Other websites

- University of Toronto
Greater Toronto Area

The **Greater Toronto Area** (GTA) is the metropolitan area that includes Toronto and the surrounding cities such as Mississauga, Brampton, Markham and Vaughan. It is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada.
GTA

**GTA** may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

- _Grand Theft Auto_, series of video games by Rockstar Games
    - _Grand Theft Auto_ (video game), the original 1997 game
    - _Grand Theft Auto Advance_, also known simply as _Grand Theft Auto_, 2004
- _Grand Theft Auto_ (movie), a 1977 film directed by Ron Howard
- Grand Text Auto, a game studies blog by Nick Montfort
- GTA (DJs), an American electronic music duo

## Car models

- Alfa Romeo
    - GTA, a succession of Italian sport coupés (1965–1975) based on the Giulia
    - 147 GTA, a high-performance version of the 147 hatchback
    - 156 GTA, a high-performance version of the 156 saloon and estate
    - MiTo GTA, a concept version of the Alfa Romeo MiTo
- Pontiac Firebird Trans Am GTA, a U.S. sport coupé (1987–1992)
- Renault Alpine GTA/A610, a French sport coupé (1986–1991)
- Renault GTA, a sub-compact by American Motors (1986–1987) based on the Renault 11

## Places

- Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, semi-autonomous region in India
- Great Ayton railway station, England (station code: GTA)
- Greater Toronto Area, metropolitan area in Southern Ontario, Canada
- Goleta station, California, U.S. (station code: GTA)

## Other uses

- Gerakan Tanah Air, a Malaysian coalition started by former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in August 2022
James Cameron

**James Francis Cameron** (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian Academy and Golden Globe Award winning movie director. He is also an oceanographer. He is best known for his hit movies _The Terminator_, _Aliens_, _Titanic_, and the _Avatar_ franchise.

## Infobox (actor)

- **image**: File:James Cameron by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Cameron at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: James Francis Cameron
- **birth place**: Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada
- **networth**: $900 million (2013 est.)
- **education**: Brea Olinda High School
- **alma mater**: Fullerton College
- **years active**: 1978–present
- **spouse**: Sharon Williams (1978–84)
Gale Anne Hurd (1985–89)
Kathryn Bigelow (1989–91)
Linda Hamilton (1997–99)
Suzy Amis (2000–present)
- **awards**: #Awards, See below
The World Ends with You

***The World Ends with You***, released in Japan as  is an action role-playing game made by Square Enix and Jupiter for the Nintendo DS game console.

## Other websites

- Official Japanese website
- Official North American website
- Official European website
- Official DeviantArt account - Concept Art Slides
- Square Enix Members Site coverage

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: The World Ends with You
- **image**: Subarashiki no Sekai logo.png
- **developer**: Square Enix, Jupiter (company), Jupiter
- **publisher**: Square Enix
- **designer**: Tatsuya Kando <small>(game director)</small>
Tomohiro Hasegawa <small>(co-director)</small>
Takeshi Arakawa <small>(planning director)</small>
Tetsuya Nomura <small>(character designer)</small>
Gen Kobayashi <small>(character designer)</small>
- **genre**: Action role-playing game, Action role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
Stroller

A **stroller** (Canada & U.S.A.)  or **pram** (U.K) is a hand-pushed vehicle to carry babies and young infants. More general terms include **child carrier**, **baby transport** or **baby carrier**.

## Criticism

They're criticised for reducing physical activity, a study in Toronto concluded it could increase obesity by reducing physical exercise.

Strollers (including foldable ones) are also hard to carry in public transportation, take place when stored, and several designs are criticised.

They are also one of the most expensive pieces of furniture for babies. Theft of those is reported to happen, sometimes bycicle locks have been used to prevent them from being stolen.

## Are strollers really necessary for a baby?

Strollers are not absolutely necessary for a baby, but they can be a great convenience for parents. Strollers can provide a safe and comfortable way to transport a baby, and can be a great way to get out and about with a baby. Ultimately, whether or not strollers are necessary for a baby depends on a variety of factors, including lifestyle, living situation, and personal preference. While strollers can be a helpful tool for many parents, they are not a requirement for raising a healthy and happy baby.

## Types of stroller

There are several different types of strollers:
- **Standard strollers** - also called full-size or regular strollers, are usually designed to allow babies to lie on their backs for the first few months. Some are designed to hold infant car seats for when the baby is older. They are usually built with enclosed sides or some type of containment. Some baby strollers may have features to stop babies from slipping through leg openings.
- **Jogging strollers** - are for serious runners. Using lightweight-frames and air-filled tires, a jogging stroller provides a smooth ride for a child on nearly any surface..
- **Travel systems** - include an infant car seat and a toddler stroller in a single system. The infant car seat can be used for car journeys and clicks into the toddler stroller base. Once the child has outgrown the infant seat, the toddler stroller can be used by itself.
- **Tandem or double strollers** - can hold two children. In tandem designs, one child sits in back of the other, making it easier to maneuver through stores or crowds because a tandem is the same width as a single stroller.
- **Lightweight strollers or umbrella strollers** - are not equipped with much padding and at times not very modifiable; however, they are normally cheaper. Lightweight strollers are best suited for toddlers and older babies, or children who are one year old and older. They are not suitable for babies because they have little head support and do not recline completely.
- **Side by side double stroller -** holds two children. In side-by-side design, the children are sitting side by side.
Bomberman Land Touch!

***Bomberman Land Touch!*** (***Touch! Bomberman Land DS*** in Japan) is a Puzzle/Mini-game collection video game made by Hudson Soft and published by Hudson Soft, Atlus, Rising Star Games, Red Ant Enterprises and Nintendo in many different places for the Nintendo DS game console.

## Other websites

- Official English page
- European page
- Official page  at Hudson Soft's Japan Website
- Nintendo of Korea page
- Official Bomberman Land website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Bomberman Land Touch!
- **developer**: Hudson Soft
- **series**: _Bomberman_
- **genre**: Puzzle game, Puzzle/Party
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
Prince Sports

**Prince Sports, Inc.** is an American manufacturer of equipment for racquet sports. It is based in Bordentown, New Jersey.

## Other websites

- Prince site

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Prince Sports Inc.
- **logo**: Prince Sports logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250px
- **company type**: Public company, Public
- **foundation**: 1970
- **location**: Bordentown, NJ, USA
- **key people**: Bob McClure, founder
- **industry**: Sporting goods
- **products**: Racquets, clothing, Apparel, Accessories, Ball Machines, Tennis Equipment
Dustin Pedroia

**Dustin Luis Pedroia** (born August 17, 1983 in Woodland, California) is a Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox. He played college baseball at Arizona State University.  He is  and . He won the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year award.

## Other websites

- Baseball Reference  minor league statistics
- Minor League Splits and Situational Stats
- No. 45 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2005 - Minor League News - Situational Stats
- No. 23 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2006 - Minor League News

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Dustin Pedroia
- **image**: Pedroia on deck.jpg
- **width**: 200
- **position**: Second baseman
- **team**: Boston Red Sox
- **number**: 15
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Woodland, California
- **debutdate**: August 22
- **debutyear**: 2006
- **debutteam**: Boston Red Sox
- **statyear**: 2011 Season
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .305
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 75
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 344
- **stat4label**: On-base percentage
- **stat4value**: .344
- **stat5label**: Run (baseball), Runs
- **stat5value**: 479
- **stat6label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat6value**: 862
- **teams**: *Boston Red Sox (–present)
- **awards**: * 3× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star selection (, , )
*List of Silver Slugger Award winners at second base, Silver Slugger Award winner at second base (2008)
* World Series Champion ()
*2007 AL Rookie of the Year
*2008 American League Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award, MVP
*Fielding Bible Award (2011)
*2× Gold Glove Award Winner (2008, 2011)
*Major League Baseball Player of the Month, AL player of the month Winner (July 2011)
Roger Clemens

**William Roger Clemens** (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.  Clemens played in the major leagues for 24 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, from  to .  Clemens has won seven Cy Young Awards, two more than any other pitcher.

## Other websites

- Baseball Library
- Biography from the Roger Clemens Foundation
- Roger Clemens  ads in the ZADZADZ ad database

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Roger Clemens
- **image**: Roger clemens 2004.jpg
- **position**: Pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Dayton, Ohio
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: May 15
- **debutyear**: 1984
- **debutteam**: Boston Red Sox
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: September 16
- **finalyear**: 2007
- **finalteam**: New York Yankees
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 354–184
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 3.12
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 4,672
- **teams**: * Boston Red Sox (–)
* Toronto Blue Jays (–)
* New York Yankees (–)
* Houston Astros (–)
* New York Yankees ()
- **highlights**: * 11× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1986, 1988 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1988, 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1990–1992 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1992, 1997 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1997, 1998 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1998, 2001 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2001, 2003 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2003–2005 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2005)
* 2× World Series champion (, )
* 7× Cy Young Award (1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2004)
* Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award, AL MVP (1986)
* 2× Major League Baseball Triple Crown, Triple Crown (1997, 1998)
* 4× List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders, MLB wins leader (1986, 1987, 1997, 1998)
* 7× List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders, ERA leader (1986, 1990–1992, 1997, 1998, 2005)
* 5× List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders, AL strikeout leader (1988, 1991, 1996–1998)
* Major League Baseball All-Century Team
* Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame
Universal Music Group

**Universal Music Group** is a company that runs four record labels in the music industry. It is the largest business group and family of record labels in the world. It started in 1934 as "Decca Records USA" and had some other names, before it became "Universal Music Group" in 1996. The company is based in Santa Monica, California.

In 2023, UMG controlled 31.8% of the market share, making it the largest music group in the world. It is a subsidiary of French company Vivendi, with the Bolloré Family owning 28%, Tencent owning 20% of it, and Perishing Square Holdings owning another 10%. The rest is owned by various other investors. Vivendi's headquarters are in Paris, France. In the United States, UMG is in Santa Monica, California, and New York City, along with Universal Music Group Nashville; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and Romford.

## History

"Universal Music" was once the music division for the movie studio Universal Pictures. MCA Inc. bought American Decca in 1962. Seagram, the owner of MCA, would buy PolyGram in 1998 to form Universal Music Group (which had been MCA before 1996).

In 2007, Universal bought BMG's music publishing branch and folded it into the "Universal Music Publishing" division.

In 2012, Universal bought most of EMI's music recordings. After the buyout, Universal then sold some labels such as V2, Sanctuary, Mute, and Parlophone.

Universal Music has announced that it will develop an online site for music videos inspired by Hulu.com, the site setup by News Corp and NBC that allows free streaming of television shows. This website is named Vevo, and its music videos have been watched billions of times on YouTube. The company is also supported by musicians such as Marc Engelhard and, conversely, also refers to them.

## Other websites

- Universal Music Group - Artists

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Universal Music Group
- **logo**: Universal Music Group logo.svg
- **image**: Umgheadquarters.jpg
- **image caption**: UMG's operational headquarters in Santa Monica, California
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **location city**: Hilversum, Netherlands (corporate)
 Santa Monica, California
- **location country**: United States (operational)
- **key people**: Lucian Grainge
(Chairman & CEO)
Boyd Muir
(CFO)
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **products**: Music and entertainment
- **revenue**: 7.1 billion (2018)
- **num employees**: 8,319 (2018)
- **divisions**: List of Universal Music Group labels
Two Hands

***Two Hands*** is a movie released on 29 July 1999. It was made in Australia by director Gregor Jordan. The movie was the debut for actor Heath Ledger. It won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film in 1999. The movie was played at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States.
Paisley, Renfrewshire

**Paisley** () is a town near Glasgow, Scotland. It is home to the Scottish Premier League association football team, St Mirren F.C.

Paisley is the largest town and fifth largest settlement in Scotland.

## Other websites

- Official Paisley Site
- Paisley2020.org – Future-focused website keeping you up-to-date with developments
- ComeToPaisley.com - Paisley's Tourism Website 
- Paisley Mansions web page
- Paisley website focusing on old and up to date photographs of the town

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Paisley
- **gaelic name**: Pàislig
- **country**: Scotland
- **population**: 80,000
- **os grid reference**: NS485635
- **edinburgh distance**: Boxing the compass, E
- **london distance**: Boxing the compass, SSE
- **post town**: PAISLEY
- **postcode area**: PA
- **postcode district**: PA1 – PA3
- **dial code**: 0141 & 01505
- **constituency westminster**: Paisley and Renfrewshire North (UK Parliament constituency), Paisley and Renfrewshire North
- **constituency westminster1**: Paisley and Renfrewshire South (UK Parliament constituency), Paisley and Renfrewshire South
- **unitary scotland**: Renfrewshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Renfrewshire (historic), Renfrewshire
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Paisley North (Scottish Parliament constituency), Paisley North
- **constituency scottish parliament1**: Paisley South (Scottish Parliament constituency), Paisley South
- **constituency scottish parliament2**: West of Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), West of Scotland
- **static image**: Paisley Town Hall.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Paisley Town Hall</small>
Dani Güiza

**Daniel Gonzalez Güiza** (born August 17, 1980, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz) is a Spanish football player.

He started his football career at Xerez CD in 1999.  He scored 27 goals and he became a top scorer when he was at Mallorca in 2007/2008 season.  He was then transferred to Fenerbahçe.  He was called for the first time to Spanish National Football Team in 2008; in Euro 2008 he scored 2 goals.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Daniel Güiza
- **image**: Danig.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **fullname**: Daniel González Güiza
- **birth place**: Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **currentclub**: Getafe CF, Getafe
- **clubnumber**: 9
- **youthclubs1**: Xerez CD, Xerez
- **years1**: 1998–1999
- **clubs1**: Xerez CD, Xerez
- **caps1**: 16
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 1999–2002
- **clubs2**: RCD Mallorca B, Mallorca B
- **caps2**: 70
- **goals2**: 38
- **years3**: 1999–2003
- **clubs3**: RCD Mallorca, Mallorca
- **caps3**: 7
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 1999–2000
- **clubs4**: → Dos Hermanas CF, Dos Hermanas (loan)
- **caps4**: 18
- **goals4**: 9
- **years5**: 2002–2003
- **clubs5**: → Recreativo de Huelva, Recreativo (loan)
- **caps5**: 4
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2003
- **clubs6**: → FC Barcelona B, Barcelona B (loan)
- **caps6**: 15
- **goals6**: 5
- **years7**: 2003–2005
- **clubs7**: Ciudad de Murcia, Ciudad Murcia
- **caps7**: 81
- **goals7**: 38
- **years8**: 2005–2007
- **clubs8**: Getafe CF, Getafe
- **caps8**: 61
- **goals8**: 20
- **years9**: 2007–2008
- **clubs9**: RCD Mallorca, Mallorca
- **caps9**: 37
- **goals9**: 27
- **years10**: 2008–2011
- **clubs10**: Fenerbahçe S.K. (football team), Fenerbahçe
- **caps10**: 62
- **goals10**: 23
- **years11**: 2011–
- **clubs11**: Getafe CF, Getafe
- **caps11**: 32
- **goals11**: 3
- **nationalyears1**: 2007–2010
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national football team, Spain
- **nationalcaps1**: 21
- **nationalgoals1**: 6
- **pcupdate**: 13 May 2012
Falkirk

**Falkirk** is a town in Scotland. It is home to Scottish Premier League football club Falkirk F.C. Falkirk is historically in the county of Stirlingshire and is situated in the Forth Valley, approximately 23.5 miles northwest of Edinburgh and 20.5 miles northeast of Glasgow.

At the 2001 UK Census, Falkirk had a population of 32,422, which increased to 34,570 by 2008. It serves as the main town and administrative center for the Falkirk council area, encompassing nearby towns like Grangemouth, Bo'ness, Denny, Camelon, Larbert, Stenhousemuir, and the Braes villages, with an overall population of 156,800.

Falkirk played a significant role in the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the iron and steel industry, supported by the Carron Company in nearby Carron. While heavy industry has declined in the last fifty years, Falkirk's economy now relies on retail and tourism. The town is home to international companies like Alexander Dennis, the largest bus production company in the UK.

The article mentions Falkirk's association with the publishing industry, highlighting the establishment of Johnston Press in 1846, which now produces the Falkirk Herald, the largest selling weekly newspaper in Scotland.

Key attractions in and around Falkirk include the Falkirk Wheel, The Helix, The Kelpies, Callendar House and Park, and remnants of the Antonine Wall. In a 2011 poll, Falkirk was voted as Scotland's most beautiful town.

The town's history is traced back to the Scottish Gaelic name "An Eaglais Bhreac," meaning "variegated church," which evolved into the Scots name "Fawkirk" and later to the modern English name "Falkirk." The Latin name Varia Capella also carries the same meaning. Falkirk has a long history, with its Old Parish Church potentially founded as early as the 7th century.

The Antonine Wall, similar to Hadrian's Wall, passed through Falkirk, marking the northern frontier of the Roman Empire. Evidence of Roman occupation, including a hoard of Roman coins and a tartan cloth thought to be the oldest recorded, has been found in Falkirk.

The town played a crucial role in Scotland's Industrial Revolution, with significant developments in the iron-casting industry, canal construction, and early railway development. Falkirk also witnessed two important battles: the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, where William Wallace was defeated by King Edward I of England, and the Battle of Falkirk Muir in 1746, where Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart defeated a government army.

As of the mid-2020 estimate, Falkirk had a population of 35,590, with a density of 3,197/km2. The town is part of the Stirling and Falkirk council area in Scotland, United Kingdom, with the post town and postcode district being Falkirk (FK1, FK2) and the dialing code 01324.
The Scotsman

***The Scotsman*** is a daily newspaper from Scotland, United Kingdom. It has recently been changed to a compact form, but the Sunday version remains a broadsheet

## Other websites

- Scotsman Official Website
BBC Sport

**BBC Sport** is part of the bbc.co.uk website run by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It covers all sports from football and rugby to less high-profile sports such as hockey or badminton. The site includes an discussion board called **606** to allow fans to discuss events and sports-related news. BBC Sport also covers sporting events on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC television, e.g. The Olympics.
Falkirk F.C.

**Falkirk Football Club** is a Scottish professional football club currently playing in the Scottish Premier League.

## Stadium

In the club's early years, a wide number of pitches and stadia were used. In 1885, the site of Brockville Park in Falkirk was leased, and there the club remained until the last day of the 2002-03 season. Due to Brockville's central location in the town, and the SPL's stringent stadium requirements, the dilapidated Brockville site, home of Falkirk for over 100 years, was no longer suitable for the club's ambitions. For season 2003-04, the club groundshared with Stenhousemuir at Ochilview stadium on the outskirts of the town. At the start of 2004-05 they moved into their new purpose built stadium which meets SPL criteria. The ground currently consists of two stands with a third due to start in the coming months.

The old Brockville ground was demolished in 2003/2004 and the land is now home to a branch of the Morrisons supermarket, which has several items of Falkirk F.C. memorabilia on site, including a turnstile from the old ground.

## Current squad

_As of 9 July 2009_

## Other websites

- Official site
- Travelling Bairn
- Falkirk BBC My Club page
- One F in Falkirk

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Falkirk F.C.
- **image**: Falkirkmainstand1.jpg
- **fullname**: Falkirk Football Club
- **nickname**: The Bairns
- **founded**: 1876
- **ground**: Falkirk Stadium,
Falkirk, Scotland
- **capacity**: 8,000
- **chairman**: Martin Ritchie
- **manager**: Eddie May
- **league**: Scottish Premier League
- **season**: Scottish Premier League 2008–09, 2008/09
- **position**: Scottish Premier League, 10th
- **pattern la1**: _redborder
- **pattern ra1**: _redborder
arm1=005090
- **body1**: 005090
arm1=005090
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: 005090
- **pattern b2**: _vneckred
- **pattern ra2**: _darkblueinsideshoulders
arm2=FFFFFF
- **body2**: ea0b0b
arm2=FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: ea0b0b
Feodor III of Russia

**Feodor (Theodore) III Alexeevich of Russia** was born on June 9, 1661, and died on May 7, 1682. He was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682.

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Feodor III
- **title**: Tsar of all Russia
- **image**: Feodor III of Russia.jpg
- **caption**: Tsar Feodor III, date unknown
- **reign**: 29 January, 1676 - 7 May, 1682
- **coronation**: 18 June, 1676
- **full name**: Feodor Alexeevich Romanov
- **predecessor**: Alexis I of Russia, Alexis I
- **successor**: Peter I of Russia, Peter I and Ivan V of Russia, Ivan V
- **spouse 1**: Agaphia Simeonovna Gruszewska
- **spouse 2**: Marfa Matveievna Apraksina
- **issue**: None
- **dynasty**: Romanov
- **father**: Alexis I of Russia, Alexis Mihailovich
- **mother**: Maria Miloslavskaya
- **birth date**: 9 June, 1661
- **birth place**: Moscow
- **death date**: 7 May, 1682
- **death place**: Moscow
Lengnau, Berne

**Lengnau** is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lengnau
- **image photo**: 2011-01-13 Lengnau (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 079.JPG
- **municipality name**: Lengnau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lengnau BE COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lengnau BE.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Biel/Bienne (administrative district), Biel/Bienne
- **postal code**: 2543
- **municipality code**: 0387
- **area**: 7.3
- **elevation**: 445
- **population**: 4416
- **populationof**: January 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.lengnau.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Büren an der Aare, Grenchen (SO), Meinisberg, Pieterlen, Romont, Berne, Romont
- **twintowns**: Lengnau, Aargau (Switzerland), Monteroni (Italy), Strakonice (Czech Republic)
Sivasspor

**Sivasspor** is a Turkish football club founded in 1967 (57 years ago). Its stadium, the Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium is in Sivas city. Sivasspor's colours are red and white. It is called "Yiğidolar" in Turkey. Sivasspor became fourth in the Turkey Turkcell Super League 2007/2008 season. Sivasspor will play first match in Europe with Grbalj team to join Uefa Cup.

## History

Sivasspor were originally formed on 14 May 1932 in Sivas as _Sivas Gençlik_. They sported _Kırmızı-Beyaz_ (Red-White) shirts and _Beyaz_ (White) shorts. They played many matches at the amateur level in their early years before they were allowed to play professionally. By the mid-1960s, _Sivas Gençlik_ merged with _Yolspor_ and _Kızılırmak_. They had hoped that this merger would help their push to join the professional leagues, the league closed their doors to Sivasspor once more.

There were several boycotts until 1 July 1967, when Sivasspor was allowed to play professional football in Turkey.

Due to there being many new clubs, the Turkish Football Federation decided to create a third league. They were permitted into the Second League along with Afyonspor, Balıkesirspor, Giresunspor, Kastamonuspor, Malatyaspor, Orduspor, Uşakspor, and Taksim GK. During their first professional season, Sivasspor finished 16th in their group, a mere four points from relegation. They also finished in the bottom half of the table the following season. They came close to promotion to the First League in 1971–72 and 1972–73 seasons but finished second behind Şekerspor and Adana Demirspor.

Sivasspor would remain in the lower leagues until winning the Second League in 2005, gaining automatic promotion. The club finished 8th in their first season in the Süper Lig. Werner Lorant led the team to key victories over clubs like Beşiktaş and Gençlerbirliği. At the end of their first season in the top flight, they finished with a record of ten wins, thirteen draws, and eleven losses, totaling out to 43 points. The club then finished 4th in the 2007–08 season, finishing on the same number of points as the second and third place teams but with an inferior goal difference. Sivasspor had the championship in their sights until the penultimate match, when they were beaten 5–3 by eventual champions Galatasaray. The 2008–09 season saw them finish 2nd after leading the table for much of the season. After losing their final match of the season, they finished behind leaders Beşiktaş by 5 points.

Sivasspor finished fourth in the 2019–20 Süper Lig season; hence, they qualified to the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League for the first time in their history.

On 26 May 2022, Sivasspor won their first major honour, the 2021–22 Turkish Cup in a 3–2 extra-time win over Kayserispor.

## Other websites

https://www.flashscoreusa.com/team/sivasspor/OvblvwLr/

https://www.transfermarkt.us/sivasspor/startseite/verein/2381

https://www.espn.com/soccer/team/_/id/3691/sivasspor

https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/sivasspor-team-standings
Otto Abetz

**Otto Abetz** (3 March 1903 in Schwetzingen, Germany – 5 May 1958) was a German diplomat. In 1931, he became a member of the NSDAP and worked until 1934 as _Reichsjugendführer_. He was German ambassador for the Vichy-Government from 1940 to 1944.

After the War he went to prison for 20 years. He was released from prison in 1954. He died on 5 May 1958 in an auto accident near Langenfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, on the Cologne-Ruhr autobahn.

## References

- Zentner, Christian:"Der Zweite Weltkrieg - Ein Lexikon" Vienna, 2003
Statute of Labourers 1351

The **Statute of Labourers** was a law created by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 about labour shortage. It was first made known by Sir John Halles.

## Other websites

- Text of the statute
- Another source of the text
Christine de Pizan

**Christine de Pizan**, sometimes known as _de Pisan_, (Venice 1364 – about 1430) was  an Italian French late mediaeval author. She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy. She wrote only in her adopted language, Middle French. She challenged the male-dominated realm of the arts. She is known as Europe’s first professional woman writer.

She wrote both poetry and prose works. There were biographies and books of practical advice for women. She wrote 41 works in her 30-year career from 1399–1429.  She married in 1380 at the age of 15, and was widowed 10 years later.

Her influence spread through all of Europe. It affected the social life of many Europeans because she gave confidence to women that they could rise beyond what men told them to do. Some  scholars think this is misreading her intentions.

## Selected works

- _L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours_ (1399)
- _L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector_ (1399–1400)
- _Dit de la Rose_ (1402)
- _Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux_ (1402)
- _Le Chemin de long estude_ (1403)
- _Livre de la mutation de fortune_ (1403)
- _La Pastoure_ (1403)
- _Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V_ (1404)
- _Le Livre de la cité des dames_ (1405)
- _Le Livre des trois vertus_ (1405)
- _L'Avision de Christine_ (1405)
- _Livre du corps de policie_ (1407)
- _Livre de paix_ (1413)
- _Epistre de la prison de vie humaine_ (1418)
- _Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc_ (1429)
Danse Macabre

***Dance of Death*** (; ; ) is a late-medieval allegory on death: no matter who a person is, the dance of death unites all.

## Other websites

- A collection of historical images of the Danse Macabre at Cornell's _The Fantastic in Art and Fiction_
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor

**Patrick Poivre d'Arvor** (born 20 September 1947 in Reims; known in France as **PPDA**) is a French journalist. He has presented the main evening news on French Television since 1987. He studied political sciences and Slavic languages in Paris. He is married, and has 5 children; 3 daughters and one son with his wife Véronique, and a son with Claire Chazal. He had an affair with Chazal (who is also a well-known news presenter in France) in the 1990s.

One of his daughters was anorexic. She committed suicide, aged 19, in 1995. She jumped in front of a metro train in Paris. She left a note: "Thank you for everything, but I do not like life. I want to be incinerated, and kept in a small box, but not thrown to the sea."
Marcus Davis

**Marcus Paul Davis** (born August 24, 1973), nicknamed "The Irish Hand Grenade" (and "The Celtic Warrior" when fighting in Ireland), is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He fights as a welterweight in the UFC and in independent MMA promotions in the United States. He was a contestant on the Ultimate Fighter 2 on Spike TV.

Marcus David went pro in MMA on August 22, 2003 with a first round TKO of Shaun Gay. In 2005, Marcus was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2. Coming in with his boxing skills.

## Other websites

- Official Site
- UFC profile
- Team Irish MMA
El Gato Negro

**El Gato Negro** (in English “**The Black Cat**”) is the name of two fictional superheroes that appear in comic books published by Azteca Productions. Created by Richard Dominguez, both characters made their first appearance in _El Gato Negro #1_.
The first El Gato Negro was Agustin Guerrero, a former luchador from South Texas who decided to use his skills to fight crime during the early '50s and late '60s.
The current El Gato Negro is Francisco Guerrero, grandson to the original El Gato Negro. He adopted the superhero identity after his best friend was killed in a brutal murder.
Each El Gato Negro adopts a cat-like emblem, which they display in their costume designs or equipment. Although Agustin is not from the Silver Age of comics, he is sometimes referred to as “Silver Age El Gato Negro”, because the comic book’s timeline would place him in that era.

## Agustin Guerrero

Agustin Guerrero was an American soldier from Texas sent overseas to fight in the Korean War. Separated from his battalion, Agustin was lost in the harsh jungles. There he found an exiled Japanese warrior and assassin known as “_Nuro Neko_” ("黒い猫" - black cat). Nuro Neko trained the young soldier martial arts and the path of a warrior. After being rescued and discharged, Agustin returned to Texas to become a masked wrestler. He adopted the identity of El Gato Negro and his success as a luchador  caused him to have many adventures outside of the wrestling ring before he finally retired in the late '60s.

## Francisco Guerrero

The second and current El Gato Negro, Francisco Guerrero is a social worker by day and a vigilante by night. Francisco became the new El Gato Negro after the murder of his friend. Despite being liked by the citizens of his community, El Gato Negro is constantly being hunted by local law enforcement.

## Movies

Richard Dominguez is currently in talks for a El Gato Negro movie.

## Other websites

- Azteca Productions
- Dominguez Illustrations
Richard Dominguez

**Richard Dominguez** (born **Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez** September 22, 1960 in Dallas, Texas) is an American comic book creator. He is best known for making the comic book _El Gato Negro_.

## Biography

Richard Dominguez was born in Dallas, Texas on September 22, 1960 as the second of seven children. Dominguez first read comics at the age of six. He was first interested in art while in high school. He took classes in Commercial Art and later took Life Drawing classes in community college. Richard later worked as an intern for art and design studios in the late '80s and early '90s.

### Azteca Productions

Richard made the Azteca Productions company and imprint in 1993. The first publication was _El Gato Negro #1_. Dominguez first got the idea for El Gato Negro in the late '80s. He originally planned thought of putting the character in a team of superheroes. Liking the character better on his own, Dominguez left the original project and focused on El Gato Negro. A lot of the character’s personality and look was inspired by Dominguez’s favorite superheroes like The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing, The Shadow, The Phantom, Zorro and Batman. The character has been popular since his introduction. and other media Dominguez is currently looking to make a movie on the character.

Dominguez made his superhero group with the help of friend and writer Michael S. Moore in 1997 in a book called Team Tejas. Richard stopped publishing his books after 1997 to spend time with his family. He later came back to publish new El Gato Negro stories in 2004. Other books he plans on publishing are Lucha Grande Comics, The Acolyte, Demon Hunter, and a revival of Judge Margarito C. Garza's Relampago!

## P.A.C.A.S.

The **Professional Amigos of Comic Art Society** or **P.A.C.A.S.** was a non-profit organization made by Richard Dominguez with his friends Carlos Saldaña, Jose Martinez, and Fernando Rodriguez in 1995. The group was made to bring together different artists, comic book and cartoon creators together to help with each other’s projects. P.A.C.A.S. grew to over 50 members. Most of them lived in California. The P.A.C.A.S. group no longer exists but there are rumors of a new one being made. Only an official website and MySpace page stand in tribute to their effort.

## Other websites

- Dominguez Illustrations
- Official MySpace
- Azteca Productions
Mission: Impossible II

***Mission: Impossible II*** is a 2000 American action thriller movie directed by John Woo and produced by Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner. _Mission: Impossible II_ tells the story of Ethan Hunt, an agent for the "Impossible Missions Force". Another agent has gone rogue and stolen a virus, so Hunt has to try and get it back.

The movie was released on May 24, 2000 in cinemas in the United States, then on November 7, 2000 for video and DVD. The movie did not get great reviews from critics. This movie is a sequel to _Mission: Impossible_ (1996). It has a sequel called _Mission: Impossible III_ (2006).

## Cast

- Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt: An agent of the Impossible Missions Force (IMF).
- Dougray Scott as Sean Ambrose: A rogue IMF agent who possesses Bellerophon.
- Thandiwe Newton (credited as Thandie Newton) as Nyah Nordoff-Hall: A professional thief brought on to assist Ethan in tracing Ambrose.
- Richard Roxburgh as Hugh Stamp: Ambrose's right-hand man.
- John Polson as Billy Baird: A helicopter pilot.
- Brendan Gleeson as John C. McCloy: CEO of Biocyte in Australia.
- Rade Šerbedžija as Dr. Vladimir Nekhorvich: Creator of Chimera at Biocyte.
- Ving Rhames as Luther Stickell: A computer hacker and IMF agent.

Anthony Hopkins appears in an uncredited cameo appearance as Mission Commander Swanbeck.

### Box office

_Mission: Impossible II_ had grossed $215.4 million in the United States and Canada and $334.2 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $549.9 million.

### Crtical reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, 56% of 155 reviews are positive. The average rating is 5.9/10. The critics consensus reads: "Your cranium may crave more substance, but your eyes will feast on the amazing action sequences." On Metacritic, the movie has a rating of 59 out of 100 based on 40 critic reviews, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Mission: Impossible II
- **director**: John Woo
- **producer**: Tom Cruise
Paula Wagner
- **writer**: Robert Towne
- **story**: Ronald D. Moore
Brannon Braga
- **starring**: Tom Cruise
Dougray Scott
Thandiwe Newton
Richard Roxburgh
John Polson
Brendan Gleeson
Rade Sherbedgia
Ving Rhames
- **music**: Hans Zimmer
- **editing**: Christian Wagner
Steven Kemper
- **distributor**: **USA Theatrical and Worldwide DVD/Video**
Paramount Pictures
**Non-USA Theatrical**
United International Pictures
- **released**: May 24, 2000
- **runtime**: 123 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $125 million
- **gross**: $549.6 million
Jan Gotlib Bloch

**Jan Gotlib** (Bogumił) **Bloch** ( or Блох) (July 24, 1836 – January 7, 1902) (, , , ) was a banker from Poland. He was born in Radom and died in Warsaw. He donated money to help railways, and studied industrial warfare. Bloch published a collection of writings called _La Guerre Future_, translated to _Is War Now Impossible?_, in 1898.