José María Velasco Ibarra

**José María Velasco Ibarra** (March 19, 1893 – March 30, 1979) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was seen by many to be a dictator,  He was elected five times to the post of president of Ecuador: 1934–1935, 1944–1947, 1952–1956, 1960–1961, and 1968–1972.  But only once (1952–1956) did he complete the constitutional mandate.

## Early life

Ibarra was born on March 19, 1893 in Quito, Ecuador. He studied at Central University of Ecuador. Ibarra was married to Corina Parral de Velasco Ibarra until his death in 1979.

## Presidency

In 1933, he stood in the Ecuadorian presidential election and received 80% of the votes cast, the highest in Ecuadorian history. Velasco Ibarra traveled through several Latin American countries, including Peru, and restored Ecuador's global image. His first presidency began on September 1, 1934, but he was ousted in August 1935 by the military.

In May 1944, because of the May 28 "Glorious Revolution", he was named Supreme Chief of the Republic and was later named Constitutional President by the Constituent Assembly. In August 1947, he was again deposed by the military. Three defense ministers perpetuated the coup against Velasco Ibarra; among them was minister Mancheno, who later was his successor.

In 1952, he again won the presidential election, and began his third term as president on September 1, 1952. This time, he served his entire term, which ended on August 31, 1956. His third term was a time of progress for Ecuador: 311 schools were constructed, with another 104 in progress. More than 1359 km of roads were constructed, and 1057 km more were improved.

In 1960, he was elected president for the fourth time and was removed on November 7, 1961. In 1960, he nullified the Rio de Janeiro Protocol, which led to conflicts between Ecuador and Peru, including Paquisha in 1981 and the War of El Cenepa in 1995.

Finally, in 1968 Velasco Ibarra won the presidency for a fifth time. This government ended abruptly on February 15, 1972, when once more he was deposed in a bloodless coup, which brought General Guillermo Rodríguez Lara to power. In total, Velasco Ibarra governed nearly 13 years, making him the longest-serving president in Ecuadorian history.

## Death

Ibarra fell of a bus in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He returned to Quito where he died from complications of his injuries on March 30, 1979, aged 86.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **image**: José María Velasco Ibarra.jpg
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1934
- **term end**: May 20, 1935
- **predecessor**: Abelardo Montalvo
- **successor**: Antonio Pons
- **term start2**: May 28, 1944
- **term end2**: March 30, 1946
- **predecessor2**: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río
- **successor2**: Carlos Mancheno Cajas
- **term start3**: September 1, 1952
- **term end3**: August 31, 1956
- **predecessor3**: Galo Plaza
- **successor3**: Camilo Ponce Enríquez
1961
- **term start4**: September 1, 1960
- **term end4**: November 7, 1961
- **predecessor4**: Camilo Ponce Enríquez
- **successor4**: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy
- **term start5**: September 1, 1968
- **term end5**: February 15, 1972
- **predecessor5**: Otto Arosemena
- **successor5**: Guillermo Rodríguez
- **birth date**: March 9, 1893
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **spouse**: Corina Parral de Velasco Ibarra
- **alma mater**: Central University of Ecuador
- **signature**: Firma de Velasco Ibarra.svg