juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anglo-Indian people

**Anglo-Indians** is a word which is used to describe anybody with mixed Indian and British ancestry. It is also used to describe people living in the Indian subcontinent who had British forefathers. The Anglo-Indians had Indian citizenship before India got independence.
Ruskin Bond

**Ruskin Bond** is an Anglo Indian. He lives with his adopted family in Landour, Mussoorie, India. The Indian Council for Child Education has recognised his role in the growth of children's literature in India. He was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 1992 for _Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra_, a novel in English. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and the Padma Bhushan in 2014.

Ruskin Bond Famous Quotes

## References

Ruskin Bond - Written works
The Best of Ruskin Bond

The Blue Umbrella

The Room on the Roof

The Eyes Have It

Angry River

Delhi Is Not Far

Rusty the Boy from the Hills

A Flight of Pigeons

Night Train at Deoli and Other Stories

Landour Days: A Writer's Journal

EARLY LIFE, CAREER AND AWARDS
 Early Life. Ruskin Bond was born on May 19, 1934, in Kasauli, Punjab, India. He was born to Edith Clarke and Aubrey Bond.

Career. Ruskin Bond started his career by working in a photo studio. He worked there while he was looking for publishers for his works.

Awards and Achievements. In 1992, Ruskin Bond won the Sahitya Academy Award for his book ‘Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra.’ In 1999, he received the Padma Sri award.

FAMILY- he is wonderful
Air Force School Jodhpur

**Air Force School Jodhpur** is a CBSE school in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan. The school provides education to children of Air Force personnel and local residents.

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: Air Force School Jodhpur
- **location**: Jodhpur, Rajasthan
- **city**: Jodhpur
- **state**: Rajasthan
- **county**: India
- **postcode**: 342011
- **schooltype**: Coed
- **religious affiliation**: CBSE
- **schoolboard**: CBSE
- **principal**: Meenu Saravanan
Signe Marie Stray Ryssdal

**Signe Marie Stray Ryssdal** (22 July 1924 – 18 May 2019) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician. She was a member of the Liberal Party. She served as a a deputy representative of the Storting, the parliament of Norway, from 1965 to 1973. She served as a member of Oslo's city council from 1968 to 1972. She was the County Governor of Aust-Agder from 1983 to 1994. She also chaired of the board of the National Insurance Administration from 1968 to 1980. She was born in Tromøya.

Stray Ryssdal died on 18 May 2019 in Arendal. She was 94.

## Other websites

- Signe Marie Stray Ryssdal at _Norsk biografisk leksikon_
Austin Eubanks

**Stephen Austin Eubanks** (October 8, 1981 – May 18, 2019) was an American motivational speaker. He was a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999. He was shot in his hand and knee by shooter Dylan Klebold, and his friend Corey DePooter was murdered in the shooting. After the massacre, Eubanks became addicted to opioids. He later was a motivational speaker on drug addiction recovery. Eubanks was divorced and had two children.

Eubanks was found dead on May 18, 2019 in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. He was 37. His death was confirmed as an accidental overdose of heroin.
Secular state

A **secular state** is a state that does not have a state religion or a theocracy, instead advocating secularism and a separation of church and state. Most states in the world today are secular states.

## List of secular countries

There are two types of secular countries:
- Constitutionally secular countries
- Countries that practice state atheism

## Related pages

- State religion
- Theocracy
- Freedom of religion
- Irreligion
- Separation of church and state
Lifeline Theatre

**Lifeline Theatre** started in Chicago, Illinois, United States, in 1983. Five Northwestern University graduates started the theater group. They moved to Rogers Park—a converted Commonwealth Edison substation— in 1986. This includes a 99-seat theater, rehearsal and office space, a scene shop, and costume, prop, and scenery storage.

### Chicago/Illinois awards

Since 1986, Lifeline members have received 48 Joseph Jefferson Awards.

### National awards

Member Meryl Friedman won the 1999 Distinguished Play Award in the Elementary Category from the American Alliance of Theatre and Education for her adaptation of _Journey of the Sparrows_, produced at Lifeline in 1996.

The American Alliance for Theater and Education awarded Lifeline the 2003 Sara Spencer Artistic Achievement Award for sustained and successful achievement in the field of theater for young audiences.

## Production History

Lifeline Theatre's work includes MainStage productions:
- _Pride and Prejudice_
- _The Overcoat_
- _The Left Hand of Darkness_
- _The Talisman Ring_
- _Jane Eyre_
- _Cat's Cradle_
- _Around the World in 80 Days_
- _The Killer Angels_
- _A Room with a View_
- _The Island of Dr. Moreau_
- _The Mark of Zorro_
- _Treasure Island_
- _Neverwhere_
- _The Moonstone_
- _Watership Down_
- _The Count of Monte Cristo_

Family MainStage productions have included:
- _A Wrinkle in Time_
- _Lizard Music_
- _The Snarkout Boys and the Avocado of Death_
- _The Phantom Tollbooth_
- _Journey of the Sparrows_
- _The Silver Chair_
- _Johnny Tremain_

In 1986 Lifeline started its KidSeries program. Productions have included:
- _Mr. Popper's Penguins_
- _Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel_
- _Bunnicula_
- _James and the Giant Peach_
- _The Story of Ferdinand_
- _Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle_
- _My Father's Dragon_
- _Click Clack Moo: Cows That Type_
- _The Stinky Cheese Man_
- _Duck for President_
- _The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!_
- _The Velveteen Rabbit_
- _The Last of the Dragons_
- _Arnie the Doughnut_.

## Players

Lifeline Theatre's members are: Patrick Blashill, Christina Calvit, Victoria DeIorio, Alan Donahue, Kevin D. Gawley, Peter Greenberg, James E. Grote, Chris Hainsworth, John Hildreth, Paul S. Holmquist, Elise Kauzlaric, Robert Kauzlaric, Frances Limoncelli, Katie McLean Hainsworth, Dorothy Milne (Artistic Director), Shole Milos, Sandy Snyder Pietz, Suzanne Plunkett, Phil Timberlake, Jennifer Tyler, Christopher M. Walsh, and Elizabeth Powell Wislar. Emeritus members include: Eric Lane Barnes, Meryl Friedman, Rebecca Hamlin, James Sie, and Steve Totland.

## Other websites

- Lifeline Theatre official website
Amédée Grab

**Amédée Antoine-Marie Grab** (3 February 1930 – 19 May 2019) was a Swiss Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1954. He served as titular bishop of _Canæ_ and auxiliary bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg from 1987 to 1995. He then served as bishop of the diocese from 1995 to 1998. He then served as the bishop of Chur from 1995 to 2007. Grab was born in Zürich.

Grab died on 19 May 2019, at the age of 89.
Gulliver's Travels

**Gulliver's Travels** is a book written in 1726 by Jonathan Swift. It is a satire about human nature—how humans act—and was very popular. It is about a man named Gulliver who goes to four places. The first has very tiny people that are less than 6 inches tall, the second has very tall people, the third is a floating island with people obsessed with science, and the fourth has savage humans and talking, wise horses.

The book was an immediate success. John Gay said that "it is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery".
Cedar Fair

**Cedar Fair L.P.**, also called the **Cedar Fair Entertainment Company** was a company that ran amusement parks in the United States and Canada.  The company was headquartered inside their main park Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. The company merged into Six Flags in 2024.

## History

Cedar Point opened as a picnic area in 1870. The park went through a few owners during its early years. The park then wanted to build a new amusement park in Cambridge Township but the plans never went through. Three years later the park bought another park named Vallyfair. The name Cedar Fair comes from the names Cedar Point and Vallyfair. Cedar Fair was created in 1983.
Miguel Montes Busto

**Miguel Ángel Montes Busto** (28 February 1940 – 20 May 2019) was a Spanish football player and manager.

Montes Busto was born in Oviedo, Asturias. He played as a forward. He spent twelve seasons in the Segunda División between 1959 and 1971. He played for Real Gijón, Las Palmas and Real Oviedo. After retiring from playing, he managed Segunda División side Palencia, many Segunda División B clubs and Sporting de Gijón in La Liga.

Montes Busto died on 20 May 2019 in Gijón, Asturias, at the age of 79.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Miguel Montes Busto
- **image**: Miguel Angel Montes Busto.jpg
- **fullname**: Miguel Ángel Montes Busto
- **birth place**: Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- **death place**: Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1959–1961
- **years2**: 1961–1962
- **years3**: 1962–1969
- **years4**: 1969–1971
- **clubs1**: Sporting de Gijón, Real Gijón
- **clubs2**: U.D. Las Palmas, Las Palmas
- **clubs3**: Sporting de Gijón, Real Gijón
- **clubs4**: Real Oviedo
- **caps1**: 40
- **caps2**: 2
- **caps3**: 178
- **caps4**: 46
- **goals1**: 8
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 47
- **goals4**: 10
- **totalcaps**: 266
- **totalgoals**: 65
- **managerclubs1**: CF Palencia, Palencia
- **managerclubs2**: Sporting de Gijón
- **manageryears1**: 1980–1981
- **manageryears2**: 1996–1997
Blair

**Blair** may be a given name or surname.

Blair may also refer to:

## Colleges

- Blair College, now Everest College a for-profit college in Colorado Springs, Colorado

## Movies

- The Blair Witch Project, a 1999 American independent supernatural horror movie.

## Fictional Characters

- Blair, a cheerful and happy-go-lucky manicurist in the Nick Jr. animated series Sunny Day

## People

- Blair Atcheynum
- Betsy Blair
- Bill Blair
- Cherie Blair
- DeJuan Blair
- Francis Preston Blair
- Linda Blair
- Patricia Blair
- Selma Blair
- Tony Blair, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- Zach Blair
Dude Perfect

**Dude Perfect** is a sports entertainment conglomerate company on YouTube. It is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, USA. It is made of Coby Cotton, Cory Cotton, Cody Jones, Garrett Hilbert, and Tyler Toney. All of them went to Texas A&M university.

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **embed**: yes
- **channel direct url**: channel/UCRijo3ddMTht_IHyNSNXpNQ
- **channel display name**: Dude Perfect
- **years active**: 2009–present
- **subscribers**: 60.3 million
- **views**: 17.62 billion
- **stats update**: August 9, 2024
- **silver button**: yes
- **silver year**: 2011
- **gold button**: yes
- **gold year**: 2013
- **diamond button**: yes
- **diamond year**: 2016
- **ruby button**: yes
- **ruby year**: 2020


## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Dude Perfect
- **industry**: Entertainment
- **logo**: Dude Perfect logo.svg
- **hq location**: Frisco, Texas
- **founded**: March 16, 2009
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
Gurla Mandhata

**Gurla Mandhata** is a  mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. It is the 34th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Katsutoshi Hirabayashi and twelve other members of his expedition, in 1985.
Peter Slipper

**Peter Neil Slipper** (born 14 February 1950) is an Australian politician. He was in the House of Representatives from 1984 to 1987 and from 1993 to 2013, representing the Division of Fisher in Queensland.

He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2011 to 2012.

## Other websites

- Slipper's biographical information on the Parliament of Australia website
- Slipper's first speech to Parliament (28 February 1985) on the Parliament of Australia website
- Prime Minister's Speech on No Confidence Motion

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: Peter Neil Slipper
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Peter Slipper
- **image**: Peter Slipper.jpg
- **office1**: List of Speakers of the Australian House of Representatives, 27th Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
- **term start1**: 24 November 2011
- **term end1**: 9 October 2012
- **predecessor1**: Harry Jenkins
- **successor1**: Anna Burke
- **deputy1**: Anna Burke
- **office2**: Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, Deputy Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 28 September 2010
- **term end2**: 24 November 2011
- **predecessor2**: Anna Burke
- **successor2**: Anna Burke
- **office3**: Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance (Australia), Minister for Finance and Administration
- **term start3**: 21 October 1998
- **term end3**: 22 October 2004
- **primeminister3**: John Howard
- **predecessor3**: _New position_
- **successor3**: Sharman Stone
- **constituency mp4**: Division of Fisher, Fisher
- **parliament4**: Australian
- **term start4**: 13 March 1993
- **term end4**: 7 September 2013
- **predecessor4**: Michael Lavarch
- **successor4**: Mal Brough
- **term start5**: 1 December 1984
- **term end5**: 11 July 1987
- **predecessor5**: Evan Adermann
- **successor5**: Michael Lavarch
- **birth place**: Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **spouse**: Lyn Hooper (divorced)
Inge-Jane Hall (m. 2006)
- **party**: National Party of Australia, National (1984–1987)
Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal  (1993–2011)
Independent (2011–2013)
Palmer United Party, Palmer United (May 11, 2013)
- **otherparty**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National (state level, 2008–2011)
- **relations**: Max Hooper (father-in-law)
- **alma mater**: University of Queensland
- **occupation**: Politician, barrister, farmer, priest
Saturn I

**Saturn I** (also known as **Cluster's Last Stand**) was the name of the kind of rockets used by NASA in the Apollo program. Although German engineer and scientist Wernher von Braun intended it as the launch vehicle for crewed Apollo flights. NASA used the original Saturn I ten times and more often used a bigger version, the Saturn IB.

## Related pages

- Apollo program
- NASA
- Saturn V
Arti (Hinduism)

**Aarti** also spelled **arti**, **arati**, **arathi**, **aarthi** (In Devanagari:  __) is a Hindu religious ritual. Worshippers offer light to the gods or goddess and sing praise to them. Aarti is usually contains a holder, which they put fire or flame in and it is part of a puja.
Saser Kangri

**Saser Kangri** is a massif (a group of mountains)  in the Karakoram range, in India. It is a group of six named mountains.  The tallest is **Saser Kangri I** at  . It is the 35th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top of Saser Kangri I were Dawa Norbu, Da Tenzing, Nima Tenzin, and Thondup, in 1973.

The second highest mountain in the massif is **Saser Kangri II East**. It is  tall and is the 49th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Mark Richey, Steve Swenson, and Freddie Wilkinson, in 2011.

The other four mountains in the massif are:
- (1) Saser Kangri II West ()
- (2) Saser Kangri III ()
- (3) Saser Kangri IV ()
- (4) Plateau Peak ().
Sandy D'Alemberte

**Talbot** "**Sandy**" **D'Alemberte** (June 1, 1933 – May 20, 2019) was an American lawyer, professor, politician and educational administrator. He served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1966 to 1972. He was the president of the American Bar Association between 1992 and 1992, and Florida State University from 1993 to 2004. He was also the first chairman of the Florida Constitution Revision Commission, serving from 1977 to 1978. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida.

D'Alemberte died on May 20, 2019 in Tallahassee. He was 85.
Yuriy Bohutsky

**Yuriy Petrovich Bohutsky** (; 24 September 1952 – 14 May 2019) was a Ukrainian politician. He was the Minister of Culture three times, serving for four months in 1999, from 2001 to 2005 and finally from 2006 to 2007. He was born in Mykolaivka, Velyka Lepetykha Raion, Kherson Oblast.

On 14 May 2019, Bohutsky died of problems caused by surgery which left him in a coma. He was 66.
John Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh

**John Edward Michael Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh** (26 November 1937 – 20 May 2019) was a British politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He was a Member of Parliament for Croydon Central between 1974 and 1992. He held a number of political roles in the Thatcher Cabinet. He served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury (1983), Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1983–1986), Secretary of State for Transport (1986–1987), Secretary of State for Health and Social Services (1987–1988) and Secretary of State for Social Security (1988–1989). He was born in Kentish Town, London.

Moore died on 20 May 2019, at the age of 81.
Ronnie Virgets

**Ronald Edward Virgets** (April 4, 1942 – May 20, 2019) was an American writer, commentator and journalist. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he worked and is best known. He worked as a feature reporter for TV stations WDSU and WWL-TV. He also wrote for _The Times-Picayune_, _Gambit_, _New Orleans Magazine_ and had many books published. He won a regional Emmy Award for a 1992 story on the city of New Orleans. Virgets served as host of _Crescent City,_ a radio program broadcast in New Orleans on National Public Radio's WWNO.

Virgets died on May 20, 2019 in Destrehan, Louisiana. He was 77.
Kochavi Shemesh

**Kochavi Shemesh** (‎; 10 January 1944 – 13 May 2019) was an Iraqi-born Israeli lawyer and leftist activist. He was one of the leaders of the Israeli Black Panthers protest movement. He served as editor of the movement's main publication _Ha'panter Ha'shachor_ (, meaning "_The Black Panther_"). He also helped form the political party Hadash. The party formed as a merger between the Black Panthers, the Israeli Communist Party and other leftist organisations. He was born in Baghdad and grew up in Jerusalem.

Shemesh died on 13 May 2019, at the age of 75.
Julio César Trujillo

**Julio César Trujillo Vásquez** (25 March 1931 – 19 May 2019) was an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician. He was born in Ibarra, Ecuador. He was a member of the National Congress from 1979 to 1984. From 2018 until his death, he was President of the Council of Citizen Participation and Social Control.

Trujillo died on 19 May 2019 from problems caused by a cerebral hemorrhage in Quito at the age of 88.
Geneviève Waïte

**Geneviève Waïte** (February 13, 1948 – May 18, 2019) was a South African actress, singer and model. She was known for her roles as the lead character in _Joanna_ (1978) and as The Girl in _Move_ (1970).

Waïte died on May 18, 2019 at the age of 71.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Geneviève Waïte
- **image**: Geneviève Waïte (1969).jpg
- **caption**: Waïte in 1969
- **birth place**: Cape Town, South Africa
- **nationality**: South African
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, model
- **spouse**: Matthew Reich
( 1968;  19??)

Norman Buntaine
( ??;  ??)
- **children**: 2, including Bijou Phillips
Charles Kittel

**Charles Kittel** (July 18, 1916 – May 15, 2019) was an American physicist. He was a Professor at University of California, Berkeley from 1951 and was Professor Emeritus from 1978 until his death. He was born in New York City. Kittel was known for his works about RKKY interaction and for his _Introduction to Solid State Physics_ textbook.

Kittel died on May 15, 2019 at the age of 102.
Geneviève Raugel

**Geneviève Raugel** (27 May 1951 – 10 May 2019) was a French mathematician. She worked in the field of numerical analysis and dynamical systems. Raugel worked for Centre national de la recherche scientifique, University of Rennes 1, École Polytechnique and at University of Paris-Sud.

In the mid-1980s, she started working on the dynamics of evolution equations, in particular on global attractors, perturbations, and Navier-Stokes equations on thin domains, where she was recognized a world expert.

Raugel died on 10 May 2019 at the age of 68.

## Related pages

- Timeline of women in mathematics
Ma'ruf Amin

**Ma'ruf Amin** (born 11 March 1943) is an Indonesian politician and Islamic cleric. He was the chairman of the Ulema Council of Indonesia. On 21 May 2019, Ma'ruf was elected Vice President of Indonesia.

On 9 August 2018, President Joko Widodo announced that Ma'ruf would be his running mate in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ma'ruf Amin
- **image**: Ma'ruf Amin 2019 official portrait.jpg
- **office**: Vice President of Indonesia
- **order**: 13th
- **president**: Joko Widodo
- **term start**: 20 October 2019
- **term end**: 20 October 2024
- **predecessor**: Jusuf Kalla
- **successor**: Gibran Rakabuming Raka
- **office1**: Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council, Ulema Council of Indonesia
- **term start1**: 27 August 2015
- **predecessor1**: Din Syamsuddin
- **term end1**: 27 November 2020
- **office2**: Supreme Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama
- **term start2**: 6 August 2015
- **term end2**: 22 September 2018
- **predecessor2**: Mustofa Bisri
- **successor2**: Miftachul Akhyar (_acting_)
- **birth place**: Ma'ruf al-Karkhi  Tangerang, Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese East Indies
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **otherparty**: United Development Party
 National Awakening Party
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 8
- **alma mater**: Ibnu Khaldun University, Bogor
- **occupation**: Politician, cleric
Queensland lungfish

The **Queensland lungfish** (_Neoceratodus forsteri_), also known as the **Australian lungfish**, **Burnett salmon** and **barramunda**, is one of the surviving species of lungfish. It is native only to the Mary and Burnett River systems of the Australian state of Queensland. The species has been introduced elsewhere and is also found in many other parts of Queensland's south-east. Although it is not a threatened species, the Queensland lungfish are protected.

Fossils of Queensland lungfish from up to 380 million years ago have been discovered. The species lives in slow-flowing rivers and still water (including reservoirs). They are commonly found to be about  in length and weigh , but can get up to  in length and weigh .

## Other websites

- Native Fish Australia page
Dumont d'Urville Station

The **Dumont d'Urville Station** () is a French scientific station in Antarctica. It is on Île des Pétrels, archipelago of Pointe-Géologie in Adélie Land. It is named after explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. His expedition landed on Débarquement Rock in the Dumoulin Islands at the northeast end of the archipelago on January 21, 1840. The station is run by the "French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor".

## History

The first French Antarctic research station was at Port Martin,  east of D'Urville. It was destroyed by fire on January 23, 1952. In 1952, a small base called Base Marret, was built on Île des Pétrels to study a rookery of emperor penguins. When the Port Martin station was destroyed, Base Marret was used in the winter of 1952/1953. A new main base, Dumont D'Urville station, was built on the same island and opened on January 12, 1956. This became the centre for French scientific research during the Antarctic International Geophysical Year 1957/1958. It has remained in active use ever since.

The station allows between 30 and 40 people to come ashore at one time.  Ice and strong katabatic winds often prevent landings, either by boat or by helicopter. The station can accommodate about 30 people in winter and 120 during the summer. The icebreaker ship _L'Astrolabe_ carries supplies and people to the station from the port of Hobart, Tasmania. It does five trips between November and March.

The Academy Award-winning documentary movie _La Marche de l'empereur_, in English _March of the Penguins_, was filmed in the region around this base.
Leland Stanford

**Amasa Leland Stanford** (March 9, 1824June 21, 1893) was an American tycoon, industrialist, politician. He was also the founder of Stanford University along with his wife, Jane Stanford. He came to California with his brothers in 1852 and they were successful in selling tools and mining equipment.

Leland joined with three other Sacramento merchants to form a group who called themselves “The Associates.” It was these men—Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis P. Huntington, and, as President, himself. They bonded together as a team to build the first Transcontinental Railway. His role with them drove his politics, and his success in politics for what he was trying to do for Sacramento and California was very much driven by his position as the head of Southern Pacific Railroad.

Stanford was a white supremacist. In 1859, he wrote:> I am in favor of free white American citizens. I prefer free white citizens to any other race. I prefer the white man to the negro as an inhabitant to our country.He spent one two-year term as Governor of California after his election in 1861. He later spent eight years as a United States Senator.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Leland Stanford
- **image**: File:Leland Stanford c1870s.jpg
- **caption**: Stanford circa 1870
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: California
- **term start**: March 4, 1885
- **term end**: June 21, 1893
- **predecessor**: James T. Farley
- **successor**: George Clement Perkins
- **order1**: 8th
- **office1**: Governor of California
- **term start1**: January 10, 1862
- **term end1**: December 10, 1863
- **lieutenant1**: John F. Chellis
- **predecessor1**: John Gately Downey
- **successor1**: Frederick Ferdinand Low
- **birth name**: Amasa Leland Stanford
- **birth place**: Watervliet (town), New York, Watervliet, New York
- **death place**: Palo Alto, California
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: Leland Stanford Jr.
- **alma mater**: Cazenovia College, Cazenovia Seminary
- **profession**: Entrepreneur, politician
- **signature**: Leland Stanford Signature.svg
Aker (deity)

**Aker** (_also known as Akeru_) is the ancient Egyptian god of Earth and the horizon. He guarded the eastern and western borders of the netherworld. He protected Ra, the sun god, when he entered the netherworld at sunset and when he returned to the world of the living at sunrise and bore the sun on his back through the underworld.

He welcomed the deceased pharaoh Apep (_Apophis) and_ was rumored to have the ability to neutralize a snake bite.

## Other websites

- Aker, at Ancient Egypt on line

## Infobox (hieroglyphs)

- **title**: Aker
- **name**: <hiero>A-k:r</hiero>
- **name transcription**: _3kr_
- **name explanation**: _He who is beneath_
- **name2**: <hiero>A-k:r-E20</hiero>
- **name2 transcription**: _3kr_
- **name2 explanation**: _He who is beneath_
- **name3**: <nowiki />

<hiero>A-k:r</hiero>

- **name3 transcription**: _3kr_
- **name3 explanation**: _He who is beneath_
- **image1**: Aker.svg
- **image1-width**: 180px
- **image1 description**: Aker
Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39

The **Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39** (**LC-39**) is a rocket launch facility of Kennedy Space Center of Florida, United States. The site was originally made for the Apollo program. Later, it was modified for the Space Shuttle program. , only Pad 39A is in use to launch SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. Pad 39B is modifying for NASA's Space Launch System. The Pad 39C was added in 2015 for small rocket launches, although it is not in use.

## Related pages

- Kennedy Space Center
- NASA
James Fitz-Allen Mitchell

**Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell**  (15 May 1931 – 23 November 2021)
was the former Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

He was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party (NDP).

He also was Premier of the then colony of Saint Vincent from 1972 to 1974, and as Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 1984 to 2000.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
- **image**: SVG PM Mitchell (cropped).png
- **order**: 2nd Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Sydney Gun-Munro, Sir Sydney Gun-Munro
Joseph Lambert Eustace, Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace
David Emmanuel Jack, Sir David Emmanuel Jack
Charles Antrobus
- **term start**: 30 July 1984
- **term end**: 27 October 2000
- **predecessor**: Milton Cato
- **successor**: Arnhim Eustace
- **office2**: List of Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Premier of Saint Vincent
- **term start2**: April 1972
- **term end2**: 8 December 1974
- **predecessor2**: Milton Cato
- **successor2**: Milton Cato
- **office3**: Leader of the New Democratic Party (Saint Vincent), New Democratic Party
- **term start3**: 1975
- **term end3**: 27 October 2000
- **successor3**: Arnhim Eustace
- **birth place**: Bequia, Saint Vincent (island), Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- **death place**: Bequia, Saint Vincent (island), Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- **party**: New Democratic Party (Saint Vincent), New Democratic Party
Tang Fei

**Tang Fei** (; born 15 March 1932) is a retired ROC Air Force general and politician. He was the Premier of the Republic of China between May 20 and October 6, 2000 under the Chen Shui-bian government. He worked for the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), even though he was a member of the Kuomintang (KMT).

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **name**: Tang Fei
- **native name**: 唐飛
- **image**: Senior General (ROCAF) Tang Fei 空軍一級上將唐飛.jpg
- **nationality**: Taiwan, Republic of China
- **office**: List of premiers of the Republic of China, 37th Premier of the Republic of China
- **term start**: 20 May 2000
- **term end**: 6 October 2000
- **president**: Chen Shui-bian
- **1blankname**: Vice Premier
- **1namedata**: Yu Shyi-kun
Chang Chun-hsiung
- **predecessor**: Vincent Siew
- **successor**: Chang Chun-hsiung
- **office2**: 20th Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China, Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China
- **term start2**: 1 February 1999
- **term end2**: 20 May 2000
- **premier2**: Hsiao Wan-chang
- **1blankname2**: Vice
- **1namedata2**: Wu Shih-wen
- **office3**: 16th Chief of the General Staff (Republic of China), Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces
- **term start3**: 5 March 1998
- **term end3**: 31 January 1999
- **president3**: Lee Teng-hui
- **office4**: 12th Commander-in-Chief of the Republic of China Air Force
- **term start4**: September 1992
- **term end4**: June 1995
- **president4**: Lee Teng-hui
- **birth place**: Taicang, Jiangsu, Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China
- **spouse**: Chang Ming-tsan
- **party**: Kuomintang (1952-2000)
nonpartisan (2000-present)
- **allegiance**: Republic of China
- **branch**: Republic of China Air Force
- **serviceyears**: 1944–1999
- **rank**: Colonel General, Senior General
- **battles**: Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
Jeffrey A. Rosen

**Jeffrey Adam Rosen** (born April 2, 1958) is an American lawyer. Rosen was the Acting United States Attorney General from December 24, 2020 to January 20, 2021. He was the 38th United States Deputy Attorney General from May 22, 2019 until he became acting Attorney General. He was the 12th United States Deputy Secretary of Transportation from May 18, 2017 to May 21, 2019. He was a senior partner at the law firm Kirkland & Ellis.

On February 19, 2019, President Donald Trump announced his plans to nominate Rosen for United States Deputy Attorney General replacing Rod Rosenstein. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 16.

On December 14, 2020, it was announced that Rosen would become acting Attorney General on December 24, when William Barr's resignation takes effect.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jeffrey A. Rosen
- **image**: Jeff Rosen official DOJ portrait.jpg
- **office**: Acting United States Attorney General
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: Richard Donoghue (acting)
- **term start**: December 24, 2020
- **term end**: January 20, 2021
- **predecessor**: William Barr
- **successor**: John Demers (acting)
- **office1**: 38th United States Deputy Attorney General
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: May 22, 2019
- **term end1**: December 23, 2020
- **predecessor1**: Rod Rosenstein
- **successor1**: Lisa Monaco
- **office2**: 12th United States Deputy Secretary of Transportation
- **president2**: Donald Trump
- **term start2**: May 18, 2017
- **term end2**: May 21, 2019
- **predecessor2**: Victor Mendez
- **successor2**: Polly Trottenberg
- **office3**: General Counsel of the United States Department of Transportation
- **president3**: George W. Bush
- **term start3**: December 2003
- **term end3**: June 2006
- **predecessor3**: Kirk Van Tine
- **successor3**: David Gribbin
- **birth name**: Jeffrey Adam Rosen
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Kathleen Nichols
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Northwestern University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Harvard University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Eduard Punset

**Eduard Punset i Casals** (9 November 1936 – 22 May 2019) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and science populariser. He was a member of Adolfo Suárez's Union of the Democratic Centre. He served as a member of the Congress of Deputies from 1982 to 1983. He was later a member of the European Parliament between 1987 and 1994. He also wrote for the BBC and _The Economist_. He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia.

Punset was diagnosed with lung cancer in November 2007 but recovered. He died on 22 May 2019 of lung cancer in Barcelona. He was 82.
Ali Mohammad Mahar

**Sardar Ali Mohammad Khan Mahar** (‎; 12 January 1970 – 21 May 2019) was a Pakistani politician. He served as the 25th Chief Minister of Sindh from 2002 to 2004. He was also a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 2002 to 2007.  Until his death in 2019, he was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 2008, and was Federal Minister for Narcotics Control since 2018.

Mahar died on 21 May 2019 of heart failure, at the age of 52.
Referential transparency

**Referential transparency** is a feature of parts of computer programs. A part of a program is called "referentially transparent" if it can be replaced with the value it gives back without changing the program's behavior. A referentially transparent function must be pure—it must always give the same output if it takes the same input, and it must not have any side effects—parts of the program that perform an action other than giving a value back. The opposite of referential transparency is **referential opacity**.

In mathematics, most functions are referentially transparent, because a mathematical function can only take values in and spit a value out. There are some exceptions, due to some historically convenient functions, which can help highlight the notion of referential transparency. For example,  means "apply the function twice", or . If making statements that apply to functions , then  means this, regardless of the function. For specific functions (usually trig functions like sine, cosine, etc), mathematicians use the square notation to mean "square the output". For example,   means  which is **not** the same as . This is an example of referential opacity because when  happens to be sine does not mean the same thing as  , so substituting sine in for f changes the meaning of the statement.

In programming, a function might also find out what day of the year it is, or print a message to the screen. Because of this difference, some people use other names for functions in programming, like procedures.

Referential transparency lets programmers and compilers to think of code as a rewrite system—something that takes an expression and replaces it with something else. This can help with several tasks, such as:

- Proving that the program or code is correct—that it does exactly what it's supposed to, no matter what.
- Making an algorithm more simple.
- Making it easier to change the code while still being sure that it does what it's supposed to.
- Making the code run faster or in a way that uses up less memory.

There are several ways of doing the last task—the most well-known are memoization (saving answers after the first time), common subexpression elimination (figuring out if it is worth it to combine two parts of the code that are the same) , lazy evaluation (not finding the answer until the code really needs it), and parallelization (working on multiple problems at the same time).
Walter Harris (author)

**Walter Harris** (15 October 1925 – 9 May 2019) was a British author and broadcaster. He wrote ten books and had many poetry volumes published. His first book was _Clovis_ (1970), and his last was _Godhead_ (2014). He worked for the BBC and interviewed Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, Alan Bennett and Jonathan Miller on the opening night of _Beyond the Fringe_, as well as Danny Kaye, John Wayne and W. Somerset Maugham. Recordings of his interviews and broadcasts are held at the BBC Sound Archive and the British Library.

Harris died on 9 May 2019, at the age of 93.
Nan Winton

**Nancy Wigginton** (1925 – 11 May 2019), better known as **Nan Winton**, was a British broadcaster. She is best known for being the first female newsreader on BBC television. After her first news broadcaster on 20 June 1960, she worked for ITV. She was also a regular panellist on the radio panel game _Treble Chance_.

Winton was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire. She was married to actor Charles Stapley from 1948 to 1962. The couple had two children. On 11 May 2019, Winton died from congestive heart failure and hypertension after having a fall at her home in Dorchester, Dorset. She was 93.
Jean Beaudin

**Jean Beaudin** (6 February 1939 – 18 May 2019) was a Canadian movie director and screenwriter. He directed 20 movies, including French-language movies _J.A. Martin Photographer_ (1977), _The Alley Cat_ (1985), _Being at Home with Claude_ (1992) and _The Collector_ (2002). He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Beaudin's partner of more than 20 years was actress Domini Blythe (1947–2010).

Beaudin died on 18 May 2019, at the age of 80.
Jonathan Miller

Sir **Jonathan Wolfe Miller**  (21 July 1934 – 27 November 2019) was a British theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter and medical doctor. He was born in St John's Wood, London. He first became well known in the early 1960s in the comedy revue _Beyond the Fringe_ with Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett.

Miller started directing operas in the 1970s. His best-known production was probably his 1982 "Mafia"-styled _Rigoletto_ set in the 1950s. He was an associate director at the National Theatre and later ran the Old Vic Theatre. He was a writer and presenter of many BBC documentaries.

Miller was married to Rachel Collet from 1956 until his death. The couple had three children.

Miller died at his home in Camden, London of Alzheimer's disease-related problems on 27 November 2019. He was 85.
Side effect (computer science)

A part of a program with a **side effect** performs a noticeable action other than giving back a value. Examples include showing a picture on a computer screen, or checking what year it is. Code with side effects can be harder to understand without any context, and the order of instructions is more important for code with side effects.

In functional programming, programmers try to avoid side effects when they can, so it is easier to prove that a program will always do what it is supposed to. In some functional languages, like Standard ML, Scheme, or Scala, side effects are not restricted, but programmers still try to use them less. In Haskell, actions with side effects must be stated explicitly—this makes it easier to tell what code does or does not have them.
Mars Climate Orbiter

The ***Mars Climate Orbiter*** was a space probe. It was launched by NASA on 11 December 1998 to study the Martian climate and Martian atmosphere. However, on 23 September 1999, communication with the spacecraft was lost, when the spacecraft was about to enter orbit. Because the computer software was working with non-SI units instead of the SI units. The spacecraft entered Mars on an orbit that brought it too close to the planet. However, what happened with the probe is still unknown, either it was destroyed in the atmosphere or entered in an orbit around the Sun after leaving the Martian atmosphere.

## Related pages

- Mars

## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: Mars Climate Orbiter
- **image**: Mars Climate Orbiter 2.jpg
- **image caption**: Artist's conception of the Mars Climate Orbiter
- **mission type**: Mars orbiter
- **operator**: NASA / JPL
- **cospar id**: 1998-073A
- **mission duration**: 286 days
Mission failure
- **manufacturer**: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Lockheed Martin
- **power**: 500 watts
- **launch date**:  UTC
- **launch rocket**: Delta II 7425
- **launch site**: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17, SLC-17A
- **last contact**:  UTC
- **decay date**: 23 September 1999
Unintentionally deorbited
- **orbit epoch**: Planned
- **orbit reference**: Areocentric orbit, Areocentric
- **apsis**: areion
Glauco Sansovini

**Glauco Sansovini** (20 May 1938 – 21 May 2019) was a Sammarinese politician. He served as one of the Captains Regent of San Marino together with Marco Conti from 1 April 2010 to 1 October 2010. He was born in Rocca San Casciano, Italy.

Sansovini died on 21 May 2019 in Borgo Maggiore, a day after his 81st birthday.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Glauco Sansovini
- **office**: List of Captains Regent of San Marino, Captain Regent of San Marino
- **alongside**: Marco Conti
- **term start**: 1 April 2010
- **term end**: 1 October 2010
- **predecessor**: Francesco Mussoni
Stefano Palmieri
- **successor**: Giovanni Francesco Ugolini
Andrea Zafferani
- **birth place**: Rocca San Casciano, Italy
- **death place**: Borgo Maggiore, San Marino
- **party**: Sammarinese National Alliance
Neville Lederle

**Neville Lederle** (25 September 1938 – 17 May 2019) was a South African racing driver. He raced in two Formula One World Championship Grand Prix. His two F1 appearances were in the  and  South African Grand Prix. He scored a single F1 championship point. He was born in Theunissen, Orange Free State.

Lederle died at his home in Knysna on 17 May 2019, at the age of 80.
Scala (programming language)

**Scala** is a general-purpose programming language—a language that is designed for solving all kinds of problems, not just a specific one.

It provides support for functional programming, and is statically typed. It is designed to fix some problems with Java, and to be concise—to be able to express a lot with only a little bit of code.

Scala code is supposed to be compiled into Java bytecode, so Scala code can be run on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Scala has language interoperability with Java—Scala code can be used in Java programs, and the other way around.

### "Hello, World" example

This is a small example of a Scala program. A simple Hello world program:

## Infobox (programming language)

- **title**: Scala
- **name**: Scala
- **file extensions**: .scala, .sc
- **designer**: Martin Odersky
- **developer**: Programming Methods Laboratory of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
William Wyatt Bibb

**William Wyatt Bibb** (2 October 1781 – 10 July 1820) was a United States Senator from Georgia. He was the first Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama. Bibb County, Alabama, and Bibb County, Georgia, are named for him.

He was a member of the Democratic-Republican political party. Bibb served as governor of the Alabama Territory from August 1817 to December 1819, and as the first elected governor of the state of Alabama from December 1819 to his death on July 10, 1820.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: William Wyatt Bibb
- **image**: William Wyatt Bibb.jpg
- **imagesize**: 130px
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: Governor of Alabama
- **term start**: 14 December 1819
- **term end**: 10 July 1820
Territory: 6 March 1817– 14 December 1819
- **predecessor**: _Position established_
- **successor**: Thomas Bibb
- **order2**: United States Senator
from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **term start2**: 6 November 1813
- **term end2**: 9 November 1816
- **predecessor2**: William B. Bulloch
- **successor2**: George Troup
- **order3**: Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia's Georgia's at-large congressional district, at-large district
- **term start3**: 26 January 1807
- **term end3**: 6 November 1813
- **predecessor3**: Thomas Spalding
- **successor3**: Alfred Cuthbert
- **office4**: Member of the
Georgia House of Representatives
from Elbert County
- **term4**: 1803–1805
- **birth place**: Amelia County, Virginia, Amelia County, Virginia
- **death place**: Autauga County, Alabama, Elmore County, Alabama
- **party**: Democratic-Republican Party (United States), Democratic-Republican
- **spouse**: Mary Freeman
- **alma mater**: College of William & Mary;
University of Pennsylvania
- **profession**: Physician
- **signature**: William Wyatt Bibb Signature.svg
Shispare

**Shispare** is a  mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is the 38th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were H. Bleicher, L. Cichy, M. Grochowski, J. Holnicki-Szulc, A. Mlynarczyk, H. Oberhofer, and J. Poreba, in 1974.
Piet Blauw

**Pieter Marinus** "**Piet**" **Blauw** (30 September 1937 – 16 May 2019) was a Dutch politician and farmer. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He became a member of the House of Representatives in 1981, serving until 1998. He born in Alkmaar, North Holland.

Blauw died on 16 May 2019 in Veendam, Groningen. He was 81.
TEC-9

The **Intratec TEC-9**, also called a **TEC-DC9**, **KG-99**, or **AB-10**, is a blowback-operated semi-automatic pistol.

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: TEC-9/TEC-DC9/AB-10
- **image**: kg99.jpg
- **caption**: Intratec TEC-9 ("TEC-9 Mini" shown)
- **type**: Semi-automatic pistol
- **is ranged**: yes
- **designer**: George Kellgren
- **manufacturer**: Intratec
- **production date**: 1985–2001
- **number**: 257,434
- **weight**: 1.23–1.4 kg depending on model
- **length**: 241–317 mm depending on model
- **part length**: 76–127 mm depending on model
- **cartridge**: 9×19mm Parabellum
- **caliber**: 9 mm caliber, 9mm
- **action**: Blowback (firearms), Blowback-operated, semi-automatic pistol
- **feed**: 10-, 20-, 32-, 36- and 50-round box magazine, 72-round drum magazine
- **sights**: Iron sight
Artemis program

The **Artemis program** is an international human space-flight program.

As of 2025's second quarter, the next flight is scheduled for no earlier than April 2026. A Space Launch System rocket is to send an Orion spacecraft to orbit the Moon before returning to Earth with a crew.

## History

The Artemis program began in December 2017. It was created by bringing together many programs that had been started since 2009 by the United States as it tries to return to the moon.

## Flights

- Artemis 1 flew in December 2022 without crew.
- Artemis 2 is planned for 2026.
- _Artemis 3_ is supposed to happen in [2027].
- _Artemis 4_
- _Artemis 5_
- _Artemis 6_, earliest possible launch is 2031; An _Airlock module_ is being built as of 2024.

## Other information

It will involve the first woman and thirteenth man to land on the moon. It is led by the United States and planned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It will be the first lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972, which was the final lunar mission of the Apollo program.

As a result of Artemis, the United States hopes that there will always be humans on the moon. One day the program might take humans to Mars and other places in the Solar System. As well as NASA, the Artemis program work is done by companies and other international organisations like European Space Agency.

## Related pages

- NASA
- Orion (spacecraft)
- Space Launch System

## Other websites

- Moon to Mars portal at NASA
- Monthly report  by the Exploration Systems Development (ESD)

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Artemis program
- **named after**: Apollo's twin sister Artemis
- **image**: Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway with approaching Orion spacecraft.jpg
- **alt**: An artist's picture of a spacecraft approaching a space station in orbit around the Moon, with the Earth visible in the distant background.
- **caption**: An artist's picture of Orion (spacecraft), Orion spacecraft arriving the Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway (right) in lunar orbit.
- **founder**: NASA
- **purpose**: Crewed lunar exploration
- **budget**: $50 billion (2024; estimate)