juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mark Dayton

**Mark Dayton** (born January 26, 1947) is an American politician. He was the 40th Governor of Minnesota from 2011 to 2019. He was the United States Senator from Minnesota 2001 to 2007. He is a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He ran for Governor in 1998, but lost the nomination to Skip Humphrey.

In January 2017, Dayton was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mark Dayton
- **birth name**: Mark Brandt Dayton
- **image**: Mark Dayton official photo.jpg
- **order**: 40th
- **office**: Governor of Minnesota
- **lieutenant**: Yvonne Prettner Solon
- **term start**: January 3, 2011
- **term end**: January 7, 2019
- **predecessor**: Tim Pawlenty
- **successor**: Tim Walz
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Minnesota
- **term start1**: January 3, 2001
- **term end1**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor1**: Rod Grams
- **successor1**: Amy Klobuchar
- **office2**: 15th Minnesota State Auditor, Auditor of Minnesota
- **governor2**: Arne Carlson
- **term start2**: January 7, 1991
- **term end2**: January 3, 1995
- **predecessor2**: Arne Carlson
- **successor2**: Judi Dutcher
- **birth place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **party**: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, Democratic–Farmer–Labor
- **residence**: Minnesota Governor's Residence, Governor's Residence
- **alma mater**: Yale University
- **website**: [http://markdayton.org/ Campaign website]
Daryn Colledge

**Daryn Colledge** (born February 11, 1982 in Fairbanks, Alaska) is an American football guard.

Colledge won Super Bowl XLV in 2011 with the Packers.

## Websites

- Daryn Colledge at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **image**: Daryn Colledge.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Colledge with the Green Bay Packers, Packers in 2010 Green Bay Packers season, 2011
- **number**: 73, 71, 67
- **position**: Guard (American football), Guard
- **birth place**: Fairbanks, Alaska
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 308
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLV, XLV)
- **high school**: North Pole High School, North Pole (AK)
- **college**: Boise State Broncos football, Boise State
- **draftyear**: 2006
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 47
- **pastteams**: *Green Bay Packers (–)
*Arizona Cardinals (–)
*Miami Dolphins ()
- **statlabel1**: Games played
- **statvalue1**: 141
- **statlabel2**: Games started
- **statvalue2**: 137
- **statlabel3**: Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue3**: 3
- **nfl**: COL385165
Welcome to Paradise

**Welcome to Paradise** is a song by rock band Green Day. It first appeared on their second album _Kerplunk_ in 1992. A new version appeared on the album _Dookie_ in 1994.

## Song meaning

The song is about young people moving out of their parents' home.

The song was written by Billie Joe Armstrong.

## Music video

The music video shows Billie Joe (Green Day's singer) playing a West Oakland citizen who watches a dangerous notoriety caused by a group of thugs then he goes home to watch the citizens and what they do each day.

## Differences between _Kerplunk_ and _Dookie_ version

The _Kerplunk_ version has a slower sound and the _Dookie_ version is more fast-paced and also both versions have slightly different lyrics. The original version of the song from _Kerplunk_ was not a single but the _Dookie_ version was.

The album cover for _Dookie_ in fact, shows a comedic depiction of chaos happening in West Oakland.

In the booklet for the _Dookie_ album a cartoonish drawing in West Oakland is shown.
CP violation

**CP Violation** is the way that nature breaks the laws that say that when you change a system by C symmetry or P symmetry then some descriptions of the system should stay the same before and after the change. The 'violation' is that they don't stay the same and the amounts are not conserved.  CP symmetry says that the laws of physics should act the same on a particle and on its antiparticle (Charge conjugation symmetry) and if it was also turned around like in a mirror (P symmetry).
The 1964 Nobel Prize was given to James Cronin and Val Fitch for finding CP violation in the way neutral kaons decay.
Parity

In physics, **parity** is a transformation in which the mirror image of a system (meaning experiment) is considered.  If the system behaves in the mirror image as it normally would, it is said to respect parity symmetry, usually shortened to "P symmetry."   Most types of physics respects P symmetry.  One type of interaction that often does not respect this symmetry is the weak interaction.
Charge conjugation

**Charge conjugation** describes a type of symmetry of nature.  To perform a charge conjugation, one would exchange all particles with their corresponding antiparticles.  This action would create a physical system where everything would be the same except the electromagnetic charge would be reversed.

For example, one could make an antihydrogen atom with an antiproton and an antielectron (called a positron).  This would result in an atom with a negatively charged nucleus orbited by a positively charged positron.  The total mass of this antihydrogen atom would be the same as a regular hydrogen atom.  If the behavior of the system remains unchanged after charge conjugation, the system is said to be symmetric with respect to charge conjugation.  This symmetry is also known as "C-symmetry."

Some interactions in the weak force have been shown to violate charge conjugation. This means the weak force is unlike the other fundamental forces. It treats particles and antiparticles differently.
Another Love Song (Insane Clown Posse song)

"**Another Love Song**" is a 1999 midwest hip hop song by the American horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse. It is the first single from their fifth studio album _The Amazing Jeckel Brothers_, which was released in 1999. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. The main music for "Another Love Song" comes from the 1996 single "Jack-Ass" from Beck.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Another Love Song
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **album**: The Amazing Jeckel Brothers
- **released**: 1999
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Midwest Hip hop
- **length**: 4:09
- **writer**: Insane Clown Posse, ICP
Bizzar

***Bizzar*** is the seventh studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It is the second half of the _Bizaar Bizzar_ double album. It was released on the same day as _Bizaar_. It was released on October 31, 2000. The producer of the album were Mike E. Clark. While on the Howard Stern show, ICP talked with Sharon Osbourne who bet $50, 000 they could not sell more than 200,000 copies, and that it would be subsequently dropped from its distributor. Violent J predicted that the group's next album would sell at least 500,000 units and they sold 400,000 units but Sharon never paid them. They left Island Records after _Bizaar_ and _Bizzar_ because their contract expired.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Bizzar
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **recorded**: 1999–2000
- **length**: 67:31
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Island Records, Island
Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark, Mike Clark
- **prev title**: The Amazing Jeckel Brothers
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: Bizaar
- **next year**: 2000
The Wraith: Shangri-La

***The Wraith: Shangri-La*** is the eighth studio album by American horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on November 5, 2002. The producer of the album was Mike Puwal. The album was the sixth and final of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology. The album peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200 and peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums in both 2002 and 2003.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Wraith: Shangri-La
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: November 5, 2002
- **recorded**: 2001-2002
- **genre**: Rap rock
- **length**: 64:11
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike Puwal
- **prev title**: Bizaar
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Hell's Pit
- **next year**: 2004
Hell's Pit

***Hell's Pit*** is the ninth studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 31, 2004. The producer of the album was Mike Puwal. The album was the final of the "Joker Cards" chapter of the Dark Carnival mythology. The album peaked at number 12 on the Billboard 200, peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and peaked at number 1 on the Top Internet Albums.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Hell's Pit
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: August 31, 2004
- **recorded**: 2003-2004
- **genre**: Horrorcore
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike Puwal, Insane Clown Posse, ICP
- **prev title**: The Wraith: Shangri-La
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: The Tempest (album), The Tempest
- **next year**: 2007
The Tempest (album)

***The Tempest*** is the tenth studio album by American horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on March 20, 2007. The producer of the album was Mike E. Clark.

## Reception

The album peaked at number 20 on the Billboard 200, peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and peaked at number 20 on the Top Internet Albums.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Tempest
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: March 20, 2007
- **recorded**: 2006
- **genre**: Horrorcore
- **length**: 59:36
- **language**: English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark
- **prev title**: The Wraith: Hell's Pit
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: Bang! Pow! Boom!
- **next year**: 2009
Bang! Pow! Boom!

***Bang! Boom! Pow!*** is the eleventh studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on September 1, 2009. The producer of the album was Mike E. Clark. The album is the first in a set of six new Joker's Cards since the conclusion of the original Joker's Cards. The music video for their song, "Miracles" became viral and was known for being parodied on Saturday Night Live which Insane Clown Posse called "A huge honor".

The album peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200, peaked number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and peaked at number 3 on the Top Rap Albums.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Bang! Pow! Boom!
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: September 1, 2009
- **recorded**: 2008-2009
- **genre**: Horrorcore
Midwest hip hop
- **length**: 72:49
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark
- **prev title**: The Tempest (album), The Tempest
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: The Mighty Death Pop!
- **next year**: 2011
The Mighty Death Pop!

***The Mighty Death Pop!*** is the twelfth studio album by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 14, 2012. The Mike E. Clark produced the album. The album is the second in a set of six Joker's Cards since the conclusion of the original Joker's Cards. The album features guest singers such as Hopsin and Tech N9ne on the song "_Skreem!_". They released their first single "_Chris Benoit_" from the album and it's about the professional wrestler Chris Benoit who died in a murder-suicide after he killed his wife and son.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Mighty Death Pop!
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: August 14, 2012
- **length**: 63:14
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **prev title**: Bang! Pow! Boom!
- **prev year**: 2009
Mike E. Clark

**Michael Earl Clark** (born December 25, 1962) is an American record producer and DJ. Mike E. Clark has worked with famous musicians and groups like Insane Clown Posse, Kid Rock and George Clinton. As of 2012 he had produced all twelve of the Insane Clown Posse's albums.

## Other websites

- Mike E. Clark's Official website
Miracles (Insane Clown Posse song)

"**Miracles**" is a 2010 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the first single from their eleventh studio album _Bang! Pow! Boom!_, which was released in 2009. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. The song is also known becoming an internet meme.

The music video for the song became viral. It was parodied by Saturday Night Live, which Insane Clown Posse called "a huge honor".

## Other websites

- Know Your Meme article

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Miracles
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **album**: Bang! Pow! Boom!
- **released**: 2010
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Midwest Hip hop
- **length**: 5:13
- **writer**: Insane Clown Posse, ICP
Mike E. Clark
Beverly Kills 50187

***Beverly Kills 50187*** is the first EP by American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on July 16, 1993. The producers of the EP were Mike E. Clark, Insane Clown Posse, Esham and Chris Conley. The EP featured the only appearance of member Greez-E, who appears on the songs "In the Haughhh!" and "17 Dead". The EP's name is a parody of Beverly Hills 90210.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Beverly Kills 50187
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: July 16, 1993
- **recorded**: 1992-1993
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **next title**: The Terror Wheel
- **next year**: 1994
Betaucourt

**Betaucourt** is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in the east of France.
Betoncourt-lès-Brotte

**Betoncourt-lès-Brotte** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Bassigney

**Bassigney** is a commune. It is found in the region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in the east of France.
Rosids

The **rosids** are a large clade of flowering plants. It includes about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms.

The rosids are divided into 17  orders. These orders together make up about 140 families. The rosids and the asterids are by far the largest clades in the eudicots.

Rosids are very basic flowering plants. Fossil rosids are known from the Cretaceous period. Molecular clock estimates indicate that the rosids originated in the Aptian or Albian stages of the Cretaceous, between 125 and 99.6 million years ago (mya).

Three different definitions of the rosids are in use. Some authors include the order Saxifragales in the rosids. Others exclude it.
Commelinales

**Commelinales** is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It is considered that the Commelinales together with Zingiberales evolved in the Late Cretaceous around 80 millions of years ago. Two of the best-known genera in the order are _Commelina_ and _Tradescantia_. Commelinales is made of the families Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Phylidraceae, and Pondteriaceae. Another name for this plant order is the **Haemodorales**.
White Center, Washington

**White Center** is a place in King County, Washington, United States. It is near Seattle and Burien. It is connected to Burien and has been ever since April 1, 2010. There were 16,631 people living in White Center in 2020.

## Geography

About 99.71% of White Center is land and 0.29% is water.

## Statistics

There are 5,915 homes in White Center. 32.5% have children that are under 18 living in the homes. Another 7.7% are seniors age 65 and older in a home by themselves.

## Education

White Center is a part of the Highline School District. Its schools cover most of southwestern King County.  Elementary schools include Beverly Park Elementary, Mount View Elementary, Southern Heights Elementary, and White Center Heights Elementary. Secondary schools include Cascade Middle School, New Start High School, and Evergreen High School. Evergreen has three "small schools" on its campus, namely the Arts & Academic Academy, the Health, Science, & Human Services School, and the Technology, Engineering, & Communications Schools.

## Notable people

- Jack Thompson, American Samoan football player
- Richard Hugo, poet
- Massive Monkees, winners of America's Best Dance Crew

## Other websites

- White Center Community Development Association
Toni Collette

**Antonia "Toni" Collette** (born 1 November 1972) is an Australian actress and singer. She was born in Blacktown, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney.

Collette's acting career began during the early 1990s. She starred in several Australian movies, including: _Muriel's Wedding_, _In Her Shoes_, _Little Miss Sunshine_ and _The Black Balloon_. In 2013 she had a convincing starring role as an American mother in the Nat Faxon and Jim Rash Hollywood coming of age comedy "The Way, Way Back".  She is the lead singer of rock band Toni Collette & the Finish.
King vulture

The **king vulture** (_Sarcoramphus papa_), is a large bird found in Central and South America. This vulture lives predominantly in tropical lowland forests stretching from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. It is the only surviving member of the genus ***Sarcoramphus***, although fossil members are known.

Large and predominantly white, the king vulture has gray to black ruff, flight, and tail feathers. The head and neck are bald, with the skin color varying, including yellow, orange, blue, purple, and red. The king vulture has a very noticeable yellow fleshy caruncle on its beak.
Turkey vulture

The **turkey vulture** (_Cathartes aura_), is a bird found throughout most of the Americas. It is also known as the **turkey buzzard** (or just **buzzard**), and in some areas of the Caribbean as **John crow** or **carrion crow**.

It is one of three species in the genus _Cathartes_, ranging from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America. It lives in open and semi-open areas, including subtropical forests, shrublands, pastures, and deserts.

The turkey vulture got its common name from the resemblance of the adult's bald red head and its dark plumage to that of the male wild turkey. The name "vulture" comes from the Latin word _vulturus_, meaning "tearer", and is a reference to its feeding habits.
Ford Escape

The **Ford Escape** is a compact crossover SUV that is manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was introduced during 2000 as a 2001 model year SUV. The Ford Escape is also available in a hybrid version. The current Escape is actually a European based model that is sold in Europe as the Ford Kuga (not to be confused with the similar sounding Cougar)

## <span class="anchor" id="fourth"></span><span class="anchor" id="4"></span><span class="anchor" id="2020"></span> Fourth generation (2020)

The fourth generation came out in 2019.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Fourth generation
- **image**: Ford Escape (fourth generation) 1X7A6220.jpg
- **aka**: Ford Kuga
- **production**: August 2019 – present
- **model years**: 2020–present
- **platform**: Ford C2 platform, Ford C2
- **motor**: permanent magnet synchronous
- **predecessor**: Ford C-Max (Escape Hybrid)
Battle of Wuhan

**The Battle of Wuhan** was a Japanese attack on the Chinese city of Wuhan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The battle started on February 1938 and ended on October 1938. The city of Wuhan had a military base with 1,100,000 Chinese soldiers. The Japanese, planned to encircle and invade Wuchang. In October, the Chinese army was able to retreat out of Wuhan.
Tatsu (roller coaster)

**Tatsu** (_Dragon_) is a steel rollercoaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, United States. It was opened (people could go on it) on May 13, 2006. It is one of the coasters considered to be Six Flags Magic Mountain's signature roller coaster. The roller coaster is located in the Samurai Summit section of the park. It is a flying type coaster, which means it is suspended below the track, with riders secured so that their backs are parallel to the track. The maximum speed of the ride is 62 mph and it also broke records with a 124-foot (38 m) pretzel loop. It is also the only flying type to feature a Zero-gravity roll.

## Media coverage

Tatsu has been featured on three different shows:
- The show Who Wants To Be A Superhero which makes use of Tatsu for season two's third episode.
- The MTV series Parental Control which featured footage of two contestants riding Tatsu.
- Discovery Channel program Mega Builders which dedicated an episode to the construction of Tatsu.

## Other websites

- Tatsu at sixflags.com

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Tatsu
- **logo**: Tatsu sign.jpg
- **image**: Six Flags Magic Mountain Tatsu2.jpg
- **caption**: Tatsu's terrain layout
- **location**: Six Flags Magic Mountain
- **section**: Samurai Summit
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Flying
- **status**: Operating
- **opened**: May 13, 2006
- **manufacturer**: Bolliger & Mabillard
- **model**: Flying roller coaster, Flying Coaster
- **track**: Terrain roller coaster, Terrain
- **lift**: Chain Lift
- **height ft**: 170
- **drop ft**: 111
- **length ft**: 3602
- **speed mph**: 62
- **inversions**: 4
- **duration**: 2:00
- **capacity**: 1,600
- **cost**: United States dollar, $21 Million
- **trains**: 3
- **carspertrain**: 8
- **ridersperrow**: 4
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **restriction in**: 54
- **virtual queue name**: Flash Pass
- **virtual queue image**: Fastpass availability icon.svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
- **transfer accessible**: available
- **rcdb number**: 3305
Alaska Airlines

**Alaska Airlines** () is a large airline from the United States. They are headquartered in Seattle, Washington, where they have one of their five hubs. Alaska Airlines also has hubs in Anchorage, Alaska, Los Angeles, California and Portland, Oregon. The company was named the top "Traditional Carrier" in customer satisfaction for the third year in a row by J. D. Power and Associates. As of 2023, it goes to 117 cities and has 305 airplanes.

## History

Alaska Airlines began in 1932 with the name "McGee Airways". McGee Airways was combined with several other airlines in 1934 and this created "Star Air Lines".  The name was finally changed to "Alaska Airlines" on May 2, 1944.  Starting in 1947, Alaska Airlines bought many new planes. In the 1950s, Alaska Airlines started flying many worldwide charter (irregular) flights. The government later said that Alaska Airlines could only fly in the state of Alaska. In 1961, Alaska Airlines started flying to the Continental United States. In the 1970s, Alaska Airlines started flying charters to the Soviet Union.  In 1972, Alaska Airlines introduced its famous "Eskimo" logo which is still used today.  In 1985, Alaska started flying to many new cities in the West Coast of the United States. In 1988, Alaska Airlines started its first flights to Mexico. In the 1990s, Alaska Airlines became the first to sell tickets on the internet, to have self-service check-in and to have GPS on its planes.  On January 31, 2000, an Alaska Airlines plane crashed in the Pacific Ocean. That crash led to many changes at the airline over the following years.  Alaska Airlines introduced a brand new logo on January 25, 2016.  Alaska Airlines and Virgin America announced plans to merge on April 4, 2016. The merged airline kept the Alaska Airlines name, with Virgin America flying for the last time on April 24, 2018.

## Other websites

- Alaska Air's Official website

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Alaska Airlines
- **image**: File:Alaska Airlines logo.svg
- **iata**: AS
- **icao**: ASA
- **callsign**: ALASKA
- **founded**: April 14, 1932
- **commenced**: June 6, 1944
- **aoc**: ASAA802A
- **hubs**: Anchorage Los Angeles Portland, Oregon, Portland (OR) San Francisco Seattle, Seattle/Tacoma
- **frequent flyer**: Mileage Plan
- **fleet size**: 305
- **destinations**: 117
- **parent**: Alaska Air Group
- **num employees**: 22,918 (Oct. 2022)
Okeechobee County, Florida

**Okeechobee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 8, 1917. As of 2020, 39,644 people lived there. Okeechobee County's seat is Okeechobee.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Okeechobee County
- **state**: Florida
- **seal**: Seal of Okeechobee County, Florida.png
- **type**: County (United States), County
- **founded year**: 1917
- **founded date**: May 8
- **seat wl**: Okeechobee
- **largest city wl**: Okeechobee
- **named for**: Lake Okeechobee
- **area total sq mi**: 892
- **area land sq mi**: 769
- **area water sq mi**: 123
- **area percentage**: 13.8%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 39644
- **density sq mi**: 52
- **web**: www.co.okeechobee.fl.us
- **ex image**: Okeechobee County Judicial Center.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The Okeechobee County Judicial Center, in Okeechobee
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **area codes**: Area code 863, 863
Iapetus Ocean

The **Iapetus Ocean** existed in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic eras (between 600 and 400 million years ago). The ocean was in the southern hemisphere, between three paleocontinents. The ocean disappeared when these three continents joined to form one big landmass. That large continent has been given various names, such as Laurussia or the Old Red Sandstone continent. Probably the best name is Euramerica, because basically it was American and Europe stuck together.

The Iapetus Ocean was between continental masses that would at a much later time roughly form the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean. It was a kind of precursor of the Atlantic.

At the start of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, American paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites either side of the line which later was called the **Iapetus suture**.

The so called "Pacific fauna" of Laurentia, as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland, was quite different from those of Baltica, often called the "Atlantic fauna". The latter is found in the southern parts of the British Isles and eastern Newfoundland. Geologists of the early 20<sup>th</sup> century thought a large trough, a so-called geosyncline, had existed between Scotland and England in the early Paleozoic, keeping both sides separated.

With the development of plate tectonics in the 1960s geologists concluded the Atlantic Ocean must have had a precursor before the time of Pangaea. That ocean had closed as three continents joined, producing the Iapetus suture.

## Line of the suture

The Iapetus suture runs where the Iapetus Ocean was before.
- In Great Britain the suture runs pretty much along the border between England and Scotland. On the east it runs through Lindisfarne, on the west through the Solway Firth.
- On the Isle of Man it is the Niarbyl Fault, which is an exposed section of the suture.
- On Ireland the suture runs from the east coast at Clogherhead in County Louth to the estuary of the River Shannon on the west.
- In Canada, it runs through Newfoundland and New Brunswick.
- In the United States the suture runs through the north-eastern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
There are other suture lines caused by the collision of continents in the run-up to Pangaea, but the Iapetus is the main one.
Osceola County, Florida

**Osceola County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on May 8, 1917. As of 2020, 388,656 people lived there. Osceola County's seat is Kissimmee.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Osceola County
- **state**: Florida
- **flag**: Flag of Osceola County, Florida.png
- **seal**: Osceola County Fl Seal.jpg
- **logo**: Logo of Osceola County, Florida.svg
- **founded year**: 1887
- **founded date**: May 12
- **seat wl**: Kissimmee
- **largest city wl**: Kissimmee
- **area total sq mi**: 1506
- **area land sq mi**: 1327
- **area water sq mi**: 178
- **area percentage**: 11.9
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 388656
- **density km2**: 113.1
- **web**: https://www.osceola.org/
- **ex image**: Kissimmee New County Crths02.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The Osceola County Courthouse (Florida), Osceola County Courthouse in October 2009
- **district**: 9th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **named for**: Osceola
St. Johns County, Florida

**St. Johns County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on July 21, 1821. As of 2020, 273,425 people lived there. St. Johns County's seat is St. Augustine.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: St. Johns County
- **state**: Florida
- **seal**: St Johns County Fl Seal.png
- **flag**: Flag of St. Johns County, Florida.png
- **founded year**: 1821
- **founded date**: July 21
- **seat wl**: St. Augustine
- **largest city wl**: St. Johns
- **area total sq mi**: 822
- **area land sq mi**: 601
- **area water sq mi**: 221
- **area percentage**: 26.9%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 273425
- **density sq mi**: 455
- **web**: http://www.sjcfl.us
- **ex image**: St. Augustine, FL, Courthouse, St. Johns County, 08-09-2010 (3).JPG
- **ex image cap**: St. Johns County Courthouse
- **named for**: San Juan del Puerto, Florida, San Juan del Puerto
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **city type**: community
Washington County, Florida

**Washington County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It was formed on July 21, 1821. As of 2020, 25,318 people lived there. Washington County's seat is Chipley. The county is a dry county which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Washington County
- **state**: Florida
- **seal**: Seal of Washington County, Florida.png
- **seal size**: 100px
- **founded year**: 1825
- **founded date**: December 9
- **seat wl**: Chipley
- **largest city wl**: Chipley
- **area total sq mi**: 616
- **area land sq mi**: 583
- **area water sq mi**: 33
- **area percentage**: 5.4%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 25318
- **density sq mi**: 44
- **web**: www.washingtonfl.com
- **ex image**: FLA Washington Cty Crths02.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Washington County Courthouse
- **district**: 2nd
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: George Washington
Eduardo Nájera

**Eduardo Alonso Nájera Pérez** (born July 11, 1976) is a Mexican basketball player that currently plays for the Charlotte Bobcats of the NBA. He also played for the Dallas Mavericks for five seasons, the Golden State Warriors for one season, the Denver Nuggets for 4 seasons and the New Jersey Nets for two seasons. He went to University of Oklahoma for college.

## Other websites

- Eduardo Nájera's NBA profile
Pole vault

**Pole vault** is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible stick (which today is usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to leap over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, as well as the Cretans and Celts. It has been a full medal event at the Olympics since the Summer Olympics at 1896 for men and 2000 for women. It started in the ancient Greece.

## Related pages

- High jump
- Sport

## Other websites

- Statistics
- All-time Masters men's Pole Vault list
- All-time Masters women's Pole Vault list
- Pole Vault History
- Pole Vault World Records - by the International Association of Athletics Federations
Samuel Dalembert

**Samuel Davis Dalembert** (born May 10, 1981) is a Haitian-Canadian former professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

During his career, he played for the Philadelphia 76ers, the Sacramento Kings, the Houston Rockets, the Milwaukee Bucks, the Dallas Mavericks, the New York Knicks, and Shanxi Zhongyu. He played college basketball at Seton Hall University. Dalembert pledged $100,000 to UNICEF and traveled to Haiti to help with the relief efforts. He won the 2009-10 J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award for helping with the relief efforts in Haiti.

## Other websites

- Samuel Dalembert's NBA profile
Bobby Ryan

**Robert Shane Ryan** (born **Robert Shane Stevenson**; March 17, 1987) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Ottawa Senators and Detroit Red Wings.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Ryan played 4 seasons with the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 2nd overall pick by the Anaheim Ducks in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.

On September 29, 2007, Ryan would score his first goal in the NHL in a 4—1 loss against the Los Angeles Kings. He would spend time between the Ducks and their American Hockey League affiliates Portland Pirates and Iowa Chops. On September 14, 2010, the Ducks signed Ryan to a five-year; $25.5 million contract extension.

On July 5, 2013, the Ducks traded Ryan to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for Jakob Silfverberg, Stefan Noesen and a first-round draft pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. On October 2, 2014, the Senators would sign Ryan to a seven-year, $50.75 million contract extension. Ryan would be selected for the 2015 NHL All-Star Game, his first. Ryan's time in Ottawa would be filled with injuries. He would also suffer from alcohol addiction and would enter himself into the NHL player assistance program.

On September 7, Ryan won the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his battle against addiction and post traumatic stress disorder, as well as scoring a hat trick in his first home game back.

On October 9, 2020, Ryan signed a one-year, $1 million contract with the Detroit Red Wings. He played 33 games with them before retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Awards

- Ryan won the silver medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics with Team USA.

## Personal life

On July 25, 2022, Ryan was arrested at the Nashville International Airport for public intoxication and alleged shoplifting. He was released and the charges were dropped.

## Other websites

- Bobby Ryan's NHL Player Page

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Bobby Ryan 2 2017-05-13.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Ryan during his time with the Ottawa Senators in 2017
- **played for**: Anaheim Ducks
Ottawa Senators
Detroit Red Wings
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right winger
- **shot**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 207
- **ntl team**: USA
- **birth place**: Cherry Hill Township, New Jersey, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, NJ, USA
- **draft**: 2rd overall
- **draft year**: 2005
- **draft team**: Anaheim Ducks
- **career start**: 2007
- **career end**: 2021
Luke McShane

**Luke McShane** (born 7 January 1984) is an English chess Grandmaster.

A former World Youth Champion, he is one of England's leading players and a member of the English Chess Olympiad team. He has also been a trader in London's financial sector.

## Early career

McShane won the World Under-10 Championship in Duisburg at the age of eight. Shortly afterwards he found a sponsor in the form of computer company Psion. At sixteen he became the then youngest ever British grandmaster.

In January 2004 McShane was ranked second in the world among junior (under-21) players behind Teimour Radjabov.

## Grandmaster

From around 2002, McShane has been facing stiffer opposition, including players from the world's top ten. He played for England in the 2002 Chess Olympiad in Bled, scoring 6½/11, and won the silver medal at the World Junior Championship in Goa.

In 2009/10 he tied for first through fifth place at the 39th Rilton Cup in Stockholm.

In December 2010 McShane participated in the 8-player London Chess Classic Tournament, which included Viswanathan Anand (reigning World Chess Champion), Magnus Carlsen (rated #1 for most of 2010), Vladimir Kramnik (former World Champion) and Hikaru Nakamura (US Champion).  Under a scoring system of 3 points for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a loss, McShane finished joint second with Anand, behind Carlsen, whom McShane had beaten in their individual game.  Undefeated, his event performance rating was 2838 – higher than Carlsen's or Anand's. In the January 2011 rating list, he overtook Nigel Short, to become the UK's second highest ranked player after Michael Adams.

In January 2011 McShane came joint first with David Navara in the B group of the Tata Steel tournament, winning on tie break.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Luke McShane
- **image**: Luke McShane 2013.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Luke McShane (2013)
- **birthname**: Luke James McShane
- **placebirth**: London, England
- **title**: Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2706
<small>(#39 in the May 2012 FIDE world rankings)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2706 <small>(May 2012)</small>
- **fideid**: 404853
Alfa Romeo 147

The **Alfa Romeo 147** is a car produced by Alfa Romeo from 2000 until 2010. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 146.

## Engines

- _1.6 Twin Spark 16V_ 77 kW (105 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)
- _2.0 Twin Spark 16V_ 110 kW (150 hp)
- _3.2 GTA V6 24V_ 184 kW (250 hp)
- _1.9 JTD 8V_ 74 kW (100 hp) and 85 kW (115 hp)
- _1.9 Multijet 8V_ 88 kW (120 hp)
- _1.9 JTD 16V_ 103 kW (140 hp)
- _1.9 Multijet 16V_ 110 kW (150 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
No Way Out (2003)

**No Way Out (2003)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 23, 2003 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was the fourth No Way Out event held by WWE. Eight matches happened on the event's card.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Rey Mysterio defeated Jamie Noble (with Nidia)|Singles match|4:35||||||
|Chris Jericho defeated Jeff Hardy|Singles match|12:59||||||
|William Regal and Lance Storm (c) defeated Kane and Rob Van Dam|Tag team match for the World Tag Team Championship|9:20||||||
|Matt Hardy (with Shannon Moore) defeated Billy Kidman (c)|Singles match for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship|9:31||||||
|The Undertaker defeated Big Show (with Paul Heyman) by technical submission|Singles match|14:08||||||
|Brock Lesnar and Chris Benoit defeated Team Angle (Kurt Angle, Shelton Benjamin and Charlie Haas) (with Paul Heyman) by submission|Handicap match|13:19||||||
|Triple H (c) (with Ric Flair) defeated Scott Steiner|Singles match for the World Heavyweight Championship|13:01||||||
|Stone Cold Steve Austin defeated Eric Bischoff|Singles match|04:26||||||
|The Rock defeated Hulk Hogan|Singles match|12:20||||||
|colspan="4"||||||||

## Other websites

- The Official No Way Out Website
- No Way Out at In Demand.com

es:WWE No Way Out#2003

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: No Way Out (2003)
- **theme**: "Bring Me to Life" by Evanescence (feat. Paul McCoy)
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
WWE SmackDown, SmackDown
- **sponsor**: Starburst (candy), Starburst
- **date**: February 23, 2003
- **venue**: Bell Centre
- **city**: Montreal, Quebec
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (2003)
- **nextevent**: WrestleMania XIX
- **event**: WWE No Way Out, No Way Out
- **nextevent2**: No Way Out (2004)
- **lastevent2**: No Way Out (2002)
Ayako Hamada

**Ayako Valentina Hamada Villareal** (born February 14, 1981 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Japanese-Mexican professional wrestler currently wrestling on the independent circuit. She is probably best known for wrestling for TNA Wrestling where she won the TNA Knockout Tag Team Championship twice once with Awesome Kong and once with Taylor Wilde.

## Other websites

- Ayako Hamada's Official website

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Ayako Hamada
- **image**: Ayako Hamada adjusted.jpg
- **caption**: Ayako Hamada in 2010.
- **names**: **Ayako Hamada**
Arisin Z
Dokron Z
**Hamada**
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **billed**: **Tokyo, Japan**
- **trainer**: Aja Kong
Mariko Yoshida
Gran Hamada
Gran Apache
- **debut**: August 9, 1998
Rosa Mendes

**Milena Leticia Roucka** ( ; born October 25, 1979) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler and model. She is best known for her time in WWE under the ring name **Rosa Mendes**. She made her WWE debut as part of the 2006 Diva Search, even though she finished fourth WWE still hired her. She won a Slammy Award in 2010 for _Best Use of Exercise Equipment_. She is also a part of the main cast on the E! reality series _Total Divas_. In October 2014, Mendes came out as bisexual. She left WWE on February 13, 2017. Then she worked on the Independent circuit before retiring in January 2020.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2014–2017|_Total Divas_|rowspan="2"|Herself|Guest (seasons 2 & 6) Main cast (seasons 3 & 5) Recurring (season 4): 28 episodes|
|2018|_Miz & Mrs._|Episode: "Miz Takes the Cake"|||

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - Queen of FCW (1 time)
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Women's Championship (1 time)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 43 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the _PWI Female 50_ in 2008
- **World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - Slammy Award (1 time)
        - Best Use of Exercise Equipment (2010)
- ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
    - Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) <small>with AJ Lee, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Summer Rae, and Tamina Snuka vs. Brie Bella, Cameron, Eva Marie, JoJo, Naomi, Natalya, and Nikki Bella on November 24</small>

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Rosa Mendes
- **image**: Rosa Mendes At WrestleMania Axxess in March 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Mendes in March 2015
- **birth name**: Milena Leticia Roucka
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **children**: 1
- **alma mater**: University of British Columbia
- **names**: Rosa Mendes
Melina Roucka
Roucka
- **height**: 5 ft 8 in
- **weight**: 125 lb
- **billed**: San Jose, Costa Rica
San Juan, Puerto Rico
San Mateo, California
- **trainer**: Ohio Valley Wrestling
WWE Performance Center
- **debut**: November 2006
- **retired**: January 2020
Highlands and Islands

The **Highlands and Islands** of Scotland are broadly the Scottish Highlands plus Orkney, Shetland and the Hebrides.

This area consisted of parts of seven counties of Scotland:

- Argyll
- Inverness-shire
- Ross and Cromarty
- Sutherland
- Caithness
- Orkney
- Shetland
Order of Merit

The **Order of Merit** () is an award, for notable work in various fields such as, armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. The order was set up in 1902, by Edward VII. Membership of the order is a personal gift of its Sovereign (the monarch does not take advice from politicians about who should be a member). The sovereign of the order is the reigning monarch of the Commonwealth realms. The award is limited to 24 living recipients at any one time from these countries, plus a small number of honorary members.

## Infobox (order)

- **title**: Order of Merit
- **image**:
- **caption**: Insignia of the Order of Merit presented to Dorothy Hodgkin, displayed in the Royal Society in London
- **awarded by**: the

Commonwealth realm, sovereign of the Commonwealth realms
- **type**: Dynastic order of knighthood, Dynastic order
- **motto**: _FOR MERIT_
- **eligibility**: All living citizens of the Commonwealth realms
- **for**: At the monarch's pleasure
- **status**: Currently awarded
- **head title**: Sovereign
- **head**: Charles III
- **house**: House of Windsor
- **grades**: Member (OM)
- **date**: 1902
- **higher**: #Precedence in each realm, Dependent on state
- **lower**: #Precedence in each realm, Dependent on state
- **image2**:
- **caption2**: Ribbon of the Order of Merit
Ellsworth Street Bridge

The **Ellsworth Street Bridge ** is a highway bridge that crosses the Willamette River in Albany, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, the two-lane structure carries U.S. Route 20 eastbound traffic, with the adjacent Lyon Street Bridge carrying westbound traffic. The -long steel-truss bridge was designed by Conde McCullough and opened in 1926.

## History

In 1887, a bridge was built across the Willamette River at Albany for the Corvallis and Eastern railway followed by the Steel Bridge built in 1893 just down river. The state of Oregon began building a new bridge across the river at the city in 1925 to carry vehicular traffic. Designed by state highway department bridge designer Conde McCullough, it was constructed by the Union Bridge Company based in Portland, Oregon. The steel truss structure was completed in 1926.

When the bridge opened, the Albany-Corvallis Highway was completed. At the time the structure was named the Albany Bridge. In 1973, the neighboring Lyon Street Bridge was completed to the east to expand capacity to a total of four lanes between the two bridges. Ellsworth Street Bridge was refurbished in 1971 and 2002. As of 2004, the bridge handled an average of 9,850 cars per day.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Ellsworth Street Bridge
- **image**: Ellsworth Street Bridge black and white.jpeg
- **crosses**: Willamette River
- **locale**: Albany, Oregon
- **maint**: Oregon Department of Transportation
- **design**: Truss bridge
- **mainspan**: 800 feet
- **length**: 1090 feet
- **width**: 26 feet
- **open**: 1926
East Caribbean dollar

The **East Caribbean dollar** (sign: **$**; code: **XCD**) is the currency of eight of the nine members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (the exception is the British Virgin Islands).

It has existed since 1965, when it replaced the British West Indies dollar, and it is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign _$_ or, alternatively, _EC$_ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies.

The EC$ is subdivided into 100 cents. It has been pegged to the United States dollar since 1976 and the exchange rate is currently at US$1 = EC$2.70.

## Members of the Currency Union

Six of the eight countries which use the EC$ are independent (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines). The other two are British overseas territories: Anguilla and Montserrat.

All of the countries except Dominica are Commonwealth realms.
Hurdling

**Hurdling** is a type of track and field race.

There are _sprint_ hurdle races and _long hurdle_ races. The standard sprint hurdle race is 110 meters for men and 100 meters for women. Men and women run 400 meters in the standard long hurdle race. Each of these races is run over ten hurdles and they are all Olympic events.

Other distances are sometimes run, particularly indoors. The sprint hurdle race indoors is usually 60 meters for both men and women, although races 55 meters or 50 meters long are sometimes run.

## Other websites

- Trackinfo explanation of hurdles
Hammer throw

**Hammer throw** is an athletic throwing event. The goal of it is to throw a heavy metal ball attached to a wire and handle. The name "hammer throw" is derived from the older Scottish sport competitions.

Like in other throwing events, competitors gain maximum distance by swinging the hammer above their head to set up the circular motion.  Then, they apply force and pick up speed by completing one to four turns in the circle.  In competition, most throwers turn three or four times to gradually increase the velocity with each turn. The thrower releases the ball from the front of the circle. The most important factors for a long throw are the angle of release and the speed of the ball. The hammer throw was one of the first Olympic games played. Any gender can take part in the event.

## Related pages

- Track and field athletics

## Other websites

- Hammer Throw History
- Hammer Throw Records