Philippine–American War

The **Philippine–American War**, also known as the **Philippine War**, the **Philippine Insurrection** and the **Tagalog Insurgency** (Tagalog: Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano, Spanish: Guerra Filipino-Estadounidense) was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic (Spanish: República Filipina, Tagalog: Republikang Pilipino) and the United States from 4 February 1899 to 2 July 1902. This war was an another Filippino continuous fight beginning in 1896 with the successful Philippine Revolution. The cause of the war was because the Philippines opposed many provisions stated in the Treaty of Paris which the United States brought the Philippines from the Spanish Empire, ending the Spanish–American War.

The fight began on 4 February 1898 between the United States and the First Philippine Republic, in the second battle of Manila. On 2 June 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war on the United States. The war ended on 2 July 1902, with a decisive United States victory. However, Filipino revolutionary groups like the Katipunan continued to fight against the U.S. for several years, one of the leaders were General Macario Sakay, a former veteran of the Katipunan, who was the leader of the Tagalog Republic which was established in 1902 after the arrest of Filipino President Emilio Aguinaldo. Other groups like the Moro people continued to fight in other places until their defeat at the Battle of Bud Bud Bagsak on 15 June 1913.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Philippine–American War
- **image**: **Clockwise from top left**: U.S. troops in Manila, Gregorio del Pilar and his troops around 1898, Americans guarding the Pasig River bridge in 1898, the Battle of Santa Cruz (1899), Battle of Santa Cruz, Filipino soldiers at Malolos, the Battle of Quingua
- **date**: **First phase:**
 4 February 1899 – 4 July 1902
()

**Moro Rebellion:**
 2 May 1902 – 15 June 1913
()
- **place**: Philippines
- **result**: American victory
* American occupation of the Philippines fully established; dissolution of the First Philippine Republic
* Philippine Organic Act (1902), Philippine Organic Act
- **territory**: The Philippines becomes an territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States and later, a Commonwealth of the Philippines, U.S. Commonwealth (Treaty of Manila (1946), until 1946).
- **combatant1**: **1899–1902:**

*  United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands
- **combatant1a**: **1902–1913:**

*  Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
- **combatant2**: **1899–1902:**

*  Negros Republic
*  Republic of Zamboanga, Zamboanga Republic
- **combatant2a**: **1902–1913:**
 Tagalog Republic#Sakay, Tagalog Republic (until 1906)
 Sultanate of Maguindanao, Maguindanao Sultanate (until 1905)
 Sulu Sultanate
- **units2**: ----**1902–1913**
 Irreconcilables (Philippines), Irreconcilables
 Philippine shamans, Babaylanes
 Pulahan, Pulajanes
 Moro people
- **strength2**: ≈80,000–100,000
regular and irregular
- **casualties1**: 1,020 killed
3,176 died of disease
2,930 wounded
- **casualties2**: About 10,000 killed (Emilio Aguinaldo estimate),
 16,000–20,000 killed (American estimate)
- **casualties3**: 200,000–250,000 civilian deaths