juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ashwin Sundar

**Ashwin Sundar** (27 July 1989 – 18 March 2017) was an Indian race driver. He was most active during 2005 till recent years winning several national titles in Go-Kart, Single Seater Formula Cars, Two Wheelers and Saloon cars.

He was born on 27 July 1989 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He was killed in a car accident in Chennai, India on 18 March 2017, aged 27.

## Other websites

- High-octane drive - The Hindu http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Motoring/High-octane-drive/article12077969.ece
- ‘09 RACING SEASON: IT’S A WRAP! http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_ETNEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=ETM/2009/10/15&ID=Ar03000
- Sundar wins Formula Rolon - Times of India http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/other-racing/others/Sundar-wins-Formula-Rolon/articleshow/4741514.cms
- Ashwin proves class in JK Tyre racing championship | TwoCircles.net http://twocircles.net/2008feb10/ashwin_proves_class_jk_tyre_racing_championship.html
Miloslav Vlk

**Miloslav Vlk** ([ˈmɪloslaf ˈvl̩k]; 17 May 1932 – 18 March 2017) was a Czech prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Prague from 1991 to 2010. He was made a cardinal in 1994.

Vlk has been sharply critical of the rise of far-right and xenophobic sentiment in Central Europe, joining Jewish protests in 2007 when right-wingers planned a march through Prague's Jewish quarter on the anniversary of Kristallnacht.

Vlk was born in the Písek District of Southern Bohemia. He died on 18 March 2017 from cancer in Prague, aged 84.
Edward Balliol

**Edward Balliol** (;  1283 – 1367)  was a claimant to the throne of Scotland. He claimed the throne from 1314-1356, but reigned only from 1332-1336. He was the eldest son of John Balliol and thus the heir to the Scottish throne after him. However, John was deposed by Robert I and William Wallace (as guardian of Scotland).

He was chosen as king after the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway. Although he was never considered to be the true king as he was an ally with Edward Longshanks and Edward II, kings of England.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Edward Balliol
- **image**: Edward Balliol, King of Scotland seal.png
- **caption**: Edward's seal
- **succession**: Claimant to the Kingdom of Scotland
- **reign**: 24 September 1332 – 20 January 1356
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **house**: House of Balliol
- **father**: John Balliol
- **mother**: Isabella de Warenne
- **birth place**: Cavers, Scotland
- **death date**: 1367 (aged c. 84)
- **death place**: Wheatley Hills, Wheatley, Doncaster
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
ISC Paris Business School

**ISC Paris Business School** is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in Paris, France. It has been established in 1962.

ISC Paris is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management. The school has a partnership with ISIPCA for an MBA fragrances and cosmetics.

## Further reading

- ISC Paris website
William Laud

**William Laud** (1573 - 1645) was a close advisor of Charles I of England. He was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633. He was executed in 1645, 5 years after his initial arrest.

He was born in Reading, Berkshire and died in London.

He believed strongly in the uniformity on the church and was accused of Arminianism, favouring beliefs held or taught in church, a political party, or any other group.
Tern

**Terns** are seabirds in the family **Laridae**. They are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands.

They are slender, lightly built birds with long, forked tails, narrow wings, long bills, and short legs. Most species are pale grey above and white below, with a contrasting black cap to the head, but some have dark plumage for part of the year.

Terns breed in noisy colonies and lay their eggs on bare ground with little or no nest material. Marsh terns make floating nests from the vegetation in their wetland habitats, and a few species build simple nests in trees, on cliffs or in crevices.

Most species feed on fish caught by diving from flight, but the marsh terns are insect-eaters, and some large terns may take small land vertebrates. Many terns are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic tern may see more daylight in a year than any other animal.
Bernie Wrightson

**Bernard Albert "Bernie" Wrightson** (October 27, 1948 – March 18, 2017) was an American artist. He was known for co-creating the creature Swamp Thing, his Frankenstein illustration work, and for his other horror comics and illustrations, which feature his trademark intricate pen and brush work.

Wrightson was born in Dundalk, Maryland. He was married to comic artist Michele Wrightson from 1976 until her death in 2015. He later remarried to Liz Wrightson and lived together in Austin, Texas.

Wrightson died on March 18, 2017 at a hospital in Austin, Texas from brain cancer, aged 68.

## Early life

Wrightson was born October 27, 1948, in Dundalk, Maryland. He received training in art from watching Jon Gnagy on television, reading comics, particularly those of EC, as well as through a correspondence course from the Famous Artists School. His art was influenced by the likes of Frank Frazetta, Al Williamson, Al Dorne, Graham Ingels, Jack Davis and Howard Pyle. He published a piece of fan art, containing a headstone bearing the inscription "Berni Wrightson, Dec. 15, 1965", on page 33 of Warren Publishing's _Creepy_ #9 (cover-dated June 1966).

## Other websites

- Bernie Wrightson  at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
- Bernie Wrightson at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
- Spotlight on Bernie Wrightson, Comic Book Resources, June 16, 2008

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **image**: Bernie Wrightson.JPG
- **caption**: Wrightson at the 2006 Dallas Comic Con
- **birth name**: Bernard Albert Wrightson
- **birth place**: Dundalk, Maryland, U.S.
- **death place**: Austin, Texas, U.S.
- **art**: y
- **pencil**: y
- **ink**: y
- **alias**: Berni Wrightson
Roger Pingeon

**Roger Pingeon** (; 28 August 1940 – 19 March 2017) was a professional French road bicycle racer. He raced as a professional from 1964 to 1974. In 1967, Pingeon won the Tour de France. In 1969, Pingeon won the Vuelta a España and finished second behind Eddy Merckx in the 1969 Tour de France. He was born in Hauteville-Lompnes, Ain, France.

Pingeon died in Paris, France from a heart attack on 19 March 2017, aged 76.
Ivan Grubišić

**Ivan Grubišić** (20 June 1936 – 19 March 2017) was a Croatian Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, and independent politician. He served as a representative in the Croatian Parliament representing the X electoral district from 22 December 2011 through 28 December 2015.

Grubišić was born in Dicmo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He studied at University of Zagreb and at the University of Zadar. Grubišić died in Split, Croatia on 19 March 2017, aged 80.

## Related pages

- List of sociologists from Europe
André Tosel

**André Tosel** (15 June 1941 – 14 March 2017) was a French Marxist philosopher and academic administrator. He was the author of several books about Marxism and Marxist theorists.

Tosel taught Philosophy at the University of Franche-Comté and Pantheon-Sorbonne University until he became a full professor of Philosophy at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis. He served as its vice president from 1992 to 1998, and as the director of its Center for the History of Ideas from 1998 to 2003.

Tosel died in Nice, France on 14 March 2017 at the age of 75.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: André Tosel
- **birth date**: 15 June 1941
- **birth place**: Nice, France
- **death place**: Nice, France
- **alma mater**: École Normale Supérieure
- **employer**: University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
- **occupation**: Philosopher, academic administrator
- **party**: French Communist Party <small>(1972–1984)</small>
Jimmy Breslin

**James Earle "Jimmy" Breslin** (October 17, 1928 – March 19, 2017) was an American journalist and author. He wrote a column for the _New York Daily News_ Sunday edition until his death in 2017. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 1986.

Breslin authored numerous novels, and columns of his have appeared regularly in many newspapers in his hometown of New York City. He served as a regular columnist for the Long Island newspaper _Newsday_ until his retirement on November 2, 2004, though he still published occasional pieces for the paper.

Breslin wrote the novels _Can't Anybody Here Play This Game?_ (1962) and _The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight_ (1969). In 1999, he appeared as himself in the 1999 American thriller movie _Summer of Sam_.

Breslin worked as an investigation journalist and helped solve crimes committed by the mafia in New York including Henry Hill and serial killer David Berkowitz. He also exposed Queens Borough president Donald Manes's corruption actions which eventually led to his suicide in 1986.

He was known for his newspaper columns which offered a sympathetic viewpoint of the working-class people of New York City.

Breslin was born in Queens, New York. He studied at Long Island University from 1948 to 1950. He left without graduating. He married Rosemary Dattalico from 1954 until her death in 1981. He later married Ronnie Eldridge from 1982 until his death in 2017. Breslin had six children.

Breslin died on March 19, 2017 at his home in Manhattan, New York from complications of pneumonia, aged 88.

## Other websites

- Jimmy Breslin quotes
Hasyim Muzadi

**Achmad Hasyim Muzadi** (August 8, 1944 – March 16, 2017) was an Indonesian Islamic scholar, and cleric. He served as the fourth Chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, from 1999 to 2010.

He was the founder and director of the Al-Hikam Islamic boarding school. He was the running mate of Megawati Sukarnoputri in Indonesia's 2004 presidential election, but the ticket lost the election in a runoff.

He was a member of Indonesia's Presidential Advisory Board from 2015 until his death. He was a proponent of moderate Islam, which he defined as being neither radical nor liberal, criticizing both Islamic fundamentalism and liberal Islam.

Muzadi died of cardiac arrest on March 16, 2017 in Malang, East Java after being hospitalized for exhaustion, aged 72.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Achmad Hasyim Muzadi
- **image**: Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi.jpg
- **caption**: Hasyim Muzadi as the Advisory Council of the President of the Republic of Indonesia
- **birth place**: Tuban, East Java
- **death place**: Malang, East Java
- **occupation**: Scholar, cleric, politician
Cuban Thaw

The **United States–Cuban Thaw** () is a warming of Cuba–United States relations that began in December 2014, ending a 54-year break between the nations. In March 2016, Barack Obama became the first U.S. President to visit Cuba since 1928.

## Background

On December 17, 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro announced the beginning of a process of normalizing relations between Cuba and the United States.  The normalization agreement was secretly negotiated in the months before, being overseen by Pope Francis and largely hosted by the Government of Canada.

Meetings were held in Canada and in Vatican City.  The agreement would see the lifting of some U.S. travel restrictions, fewer restrictions on remittances, and U.S. banks' access to the Cuban financial system. (A _remittance_ can mean: money which is sent to someone in another country.)

## Effects

On April 14, 2015, the Obama administration announced that Cuba would be removed from the United States State Sponsors of Terrorism list. With no congressional action to block this within the permitted time period, Cuba was officially removed from the list on May 29, 2015. This marked a further departure by the United States from the Cold War conflict and its strain on Cuba–United States relations.

On July 20, 2015, the Cuban and U.S. "interests sections" in Washington and Havana were upgraded to embassies, marking the re-establishment of diplomatic relations that had been broken in 1961.

## Trump presidency

On June 16, 2017 President Donald Trump announced that he was "canceling" the Obama administrations deals with Cuba, while also expressing that a new deal could be negotiated between the Cuban and United States governments.

## Biden presidency

In May 2022, the Biden administration announced new changes that reversed Trump's measures toward Cuba.  The limit on family remittances  was eliminated and the staff at the Havana embassy was expanded to process visas.
Słubice

**Słubice** is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland. Across the Oder River from it is the town of Frankfurt (Oder) in Germany. About 18,000 people live in Słubice.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Słubice
- **image skyline**: Collegium Polonicum - od strony Odry.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Collegium Polonicum
- **image flag**: POL Słubice flag.svg
- **image shield**: POL Słubice COA.svg
- **pushpin map**: Poland
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Lubusz Voivodeship, Lubusz
- **subdivision type2**: Powiat, County
- **subdivision name2**: Słubice County
- **subdivision type3**: Gmina
- **subdivision name3**: Gmina Słubice, Lubusz Voivodeship, Gmina Słubice
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Tomasz Ciszewicz
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 12th century
- **established title3**: Town rights
- **established date3**: 1945 (1253 und Frankfurt Oder)
- **area total km2**: 19.2
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 18,148
- **population density km2**: 893
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 160
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 69-100 to 69-102
- **area code**: +48 95
- **blank name**: Polish car number plates, Car plates
- **blank info**: FSL
- **website**: http://www.slubice.pl
Sarah Jiménez

**Sarah Jiménez Vernis** (February 3, 1927 – March 13, 2017) was a Mexican artist. She known for her political graphic work in the mid 20th century, especially with the Taller de Gráfica Popular. Her works would help her earn a membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

After her time with the Taller, her career shifted to teaching, and her work became mostly forgotten. However, there have been efforts to revive interest in it.

Jiménez was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila in the north of Mexico. She moved to Mexico City in 1947.

In 1954, she participated in the creation of a mural at the Escuela Belisario Dominguez, with her section dealing with the dead soldier of the Mexican Revolution.

Jiménez died in Mexico City on March 13, 2017 from heart failure, aged 90.

## Other websites

- La artista que llevó la imagen de México a Chile
Leticia Ramos-Shahani

**Leticia Valdez Ramos-Shahani** (September 30, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was a Filipino politician and writer. She served as a member of the Senate from 1987 through 1998 and the Senate President pro tempore from 1993 through 1996. She was a member of the Lakas Kampi CMD.

Ramos-Shahani was born in Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippine Islands. She was the sister of President Fidel V. Ramos. Ramos-Shahani died at a hospital in Taguig, Philippines on March 20, 2017 from complications of colon cancer and pneumonia, aged 87.
Gale Sayers

**Gale Eugene Sayers** (May 30, 1943 – September 23, 2020), nicknamed the "**Kansas Comet**", was an American football player. He earned fame both as a halfback and return specialist in the National Football League (NFL).

In a brief but highly productive NFL career, Sayers spent seven seasons with the Chicago Bears from 1965 to 1971, though multiple injuries effectively limited him to five seasons of play.

Prior to joining the Bears, he played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks football team of the University of Kansas, where he compiled 4,020 all-purpose yards over three seasons and was twice recognized as a consensus All-American.

Sayers was born in Wichita, Kansas. He was raised in Omaha, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Kansas.

In 2012, Sayers was diagnosed with dementia after suffering multiple concussions during his football career.

Sayers died from problems caused by dementia on September 23, 2020 in Wakarusa, Indiana at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- Sayers Technology, LLC – Sayers-owned technology consulting firm
Dwight Clark

**Dwight Edward Clark** (January 8, 1957 – June 4, 2018) was a former American football wide receiver and executive. He played for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 to 1987.

With the 49ers, Clark played on two Super Bowl championship teams.  He caught the winning touchdown pass thrown by quarterback Joe Montana in the NFC Championship Game in January 1982 against the Dallas Cowboys. Clark played college football at Clemson University before being drafted by the 49ers in the 10th round of the 1979 NFL Draft.  He served as the general manager of the 49ers in 1998 and in the same capacity with the Cleveland Browns from 1998 to 2002.

Clark was born in Kinston, North Carolina. He studied at Clemson University. Clark lived in Santa Cruz, California with his wife Kelly for a long time until moving to Whitefish, Montana.

On March 19, 2017, Clark announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clark died on June 4, 2018 from the disease in Whitefish, aged 61.
Joni Sledge

**Joan Elise Sledge** (September 13, 1956 – March 10, 2017), better known as **Joni Sledge**, was an American singer–songwriter and producer. Sledge was best known as a founding member of the American family vocal group Sister Sledge. Sledge performed the song "Then Came You" with the Spinners on the television music show _The Midnight Special_ in 1975.

In addition to singing, Sledge was also a songwriter and producer. She wrote and produced the song "Brother, Brother Stop" for a Sister Sledge greatest hits album in 1996. Sledge's production of their album _African Eyes_ which was released in 1997 was nominated for a best–production Grammy.

Sledge was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at Temple University. She had one son Thaddeus Sledge.

Sledge was found dead by a friend at her home on March 11, 2017 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 60. Her death was originally considered due to unknown circumstances as she didn't have any known illnesses, according to close family sources. On March 14, 2017, Sledge's cause of death was ruled "natural causes".
Klaib Al-Fawwaz

**Klaib Saud Al-Fawwaz** (15 October 1950 – 8 January 2017) was a Jordanian diplomat and senator. He served as State Minister for Cabinet Affairs from 2011 through 2012 and Secretary General of the Eslah Political Party from 2012 until his death in 2017.

Al-Fawwaz was born in Sabha, Jordan. He studied at the University of Jordan.

Al-Fawwaz served in Jordan's diplomatic missions around the world for over 30 years. He worked at the Jordanian embassy in New Delhi from 1979 through 1983, the Permanent Mission of Jordan to the United Nations in New York from 1984 through 1988 and the embassies in Baghdad from 1991 through 1995 and Uzbekistan from 1997 through 1999.

Al-Fawwaz also served as Jordan's Consul General to Dubai and Northern Emirates from 1999 through 2003, after which he became a senator serving from 2003 through 2005.

Al-Fawwaz died on 8 January 2017 in Amman, Jordan from a heart attack, aged 66.
Pascal Smet

**Pascal Smet** (born July 7, 1967 in Beveren) is a Belgian politician. He is a member of sp.a.

Smet studied law at the University of Antwerp.

He was a minister of the Brussels-Capital Region and of Flanders. He has also been an alderman of the city of Brussels since 2006.

Smet is openly gay.

## References

- Pascal Smet's Website
Li Li-hua

**Li Li-Hua** (also known as **Li Hua Li**, **Li Lihua** and **Teresa Li** ; 17 July 1924 – 19 March 2017) was a Chinese Hong-Kong actress, better known as an actress from the Shaw Brothers Studio.

In 1957, Li married Hong Kong actor and director Yan Jun (嚴俊). He died in 1980.

Li Lihua was born on July 17, 1924 in Shanghai.

Her first movie was _3 Smiles_ (三笑) which was released in two parts in 1940. Her final movie was _New Dream of the Red Chamber_ (新紅樓夢) in 1978 after which she retired and moved to the United States. She acted in over one hundred twenty movies during her 38 year career. In 1969 she was awarded the Golden Horse Best Actress award for _Storm over the Yangtze River_ (揚子江風雲).

Li died in Hong Kong on 19 March 2017, aged 92.
Chinu Modi

**Chinu Modi** (Gujarati: ચિનુ મોદી), also known by his pen name, **Irshad** (Gujarati: ઈર્શાદ) (30 September 1939 – 19 March 2017) was a Gujarati language poet, novelist, short story writer and critic from Gujarat, India.

He taught many institutions and established himself as a poet and author. He was a recipient of several awards including Sahitya Akademi Award, Vali Gujarati Award and Narsinh Mehta Award.

Modi died on 19 March 2017 from multiple organ failure after suffering a heart attack in Ahmedabad, India, aged 77.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Chinu Modi
- **image**: Chinu Modi.jpg
- **native name**: ચિનુ ચંદુલાલ મોદી
- **native name lang**: guj
- **pseudonym**: Irshad
- **birth name**: Chinu Chandulal Modi
- **birth place**: Vijapur, Gujarat
- **death place**: Ahmedabad
- **occupation**: poet, novelist, short story writer, critic
- **education**: * Master of Arts
* Ph.D
- **alma mater**: * Gujarat University
* Gujarat Vidyapith
- **period**: postmodern Gujarati literature
- **language**: Gujarati language, Gujarati, Urdu
- **nationality**: Indian
- **movement**: * Hotel poets group
* 'Re' Math
- **notableworks**: * _Ashwamedh_ (1986)
* _Bahuk_ (1982)
* _Kalakhyan_ (2003)
- **signature**: Autograph of Chinu Modi.svg
Robert B. Silvers

**Robert Benjamin Silvers** (December 31, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was an American editor and essayist. He served as editor of _The New York Review of Books_ from 1963 to 2017. Silvers was co-editor of the _Review_ with Barbara Epstein for over 40 years until her death in 2006 and was the sole editor of the magazine after that until his own death.

Among other honors, he was a Chevalier of the French Légion d’honneur and a member of the French Ordre National du Mérite.

Silvers also edited or co-edited several essay anthologies, including _Writing in America_ (1960); _A Middle East Reader: Selected Essays on the Middle East_ (1991); _The First Anthology: Thirty Years of the New York Review_ (1993); _Hidden Histories of Science_ (1995); _India: A Mosaic_ (2000); _Doing It: Five Performing Arts_ (2001); _The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin_ (2001); _Striking Terror_ (2002); _The Company They Kept_ (vol. 1, 2006; vol. 2, 2011); _The Consequences to Come: American Power After Bush_ (2008); and  _The New York Review Abroad: Fifty Years of International Reportage_ (2013).

Silvers died on March 20, 2017 at his home in New York City from complications of pneumonia, aged 87.

## Infobox (person)

- **birthname**: Robert Benjamin Silvers
- **image**: Robert B Silvers 2011 NBCC Awards 2012 Shankbone 2.JPG
- **caption**: Silvers at the National Book Critics Circle Awards in March 2012
- **birth place**: Mineola, New York
- **death place**: New York City, New York
- **notable works**: The New York Review of Books
- **education**: University of Chicago, 1947
- **occupation**: Editor
Sybrand van Haersma Buma

**Sybrand van Haersma Buma**, often just called _Sybrand Buma_, (born July 30, 1965 in Workum) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He has been mayor of Leeuwarden since August 2019.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2002, and also parliamentary leader from 2010 till 2019.

He studied law at the University of Groningen, and worked at the Council of State and as an assistant to the CDA parliamentary group before entering into politics.

He is a Protestant. Furthermore, he is a descendant of the patrician Frisian family of Buma and partly of Jewish descent (his maternal grandmother was Jewish).

Sybrand van Haersma Buma is the son of former mayor Bernhard van Haersma Buma (died in 2020).

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Alexander Pechtold

**Alexander Pechtold** (born December 16, 1965) is a former Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66). He was party chair from 2002 to 2005, and political leader from 2006 to 2018 (succeeded by Sigrid Kaag).

He was a member of the House of Representatives and also parliamentary leader from 2006 to 2018. Previously he was a minister in the Second Balkenende cabinet, mayor of Wageningen, and an alderman of Leiden.

Pechtold studied art history and archaeology at Leiden University, and worked as an auctioneer before entering into politics. Nowadays he is leading the central office for driving certificates.

Pechtold was born in Delft and grew up in Rhoon. He is non-religious and divorced.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
ARD-Infonacht

**ARD-Infonacht** (German for _ARD-Newsnight_) is Germany's only overnight all-news radio show. It broadcasts daily from NDR Info in Hamburg between 22:00 and 6:00. It started broadcasting on 1 April 2011 on MDR. It is carried by several all-news stations: BR24, hr-Info, SWR Aktuell, Inforadio, MDR Aktuell, WDR5 and Antenne Saar.

The program's format consists of traffic and weather reports every 30 minutes and round-the-clock news from ARD worldwide correspondents.

The actual transfer time of each station is different, including:
- Inforadio: daily from 23:00 to 6:00.
- BR24: daily from 0:00 to 6:00.
- WDR5, MDR Aktuell, hr-Info and Antenne Saar: daily from 23:00 to 6:00.
- SWR Aktuell: weekdays from 23:00 to 6:00 (weekends are until 8:00).
Emile Roemer

**Emile Gerardus Maria Roemer** (born August 24, 1962 in Boxmeer) is a Dutch politician of the Socialist Party (SP). He was political and parliamentary leader from March 5, 2010 until December 13, 2017. His successor is Lilian Marijnissen.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2006 to 2018. Previously he was an alderman of Boxmeer, and a member of the party board.

He was acting mayor of Heerlen from 2018 until 2020, and acting mayor of Alkmaar from 2020 until 2021. He has been King's Commissioner of Limburg since December 1, 2021.

Roemer is a former school teacher.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Jesse Klaver

**Jesse Feras Klaver** (born May 1, 1986 in Roosendaal) is a Dutch politician of GreenLeft (GL). He has been political leader since 2015.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2010 and parliamentary leader since 2015. Previously he was chair of CNV Youth and a member of the Social-Economic Council.

Klaver is partly of Moroccan and Indonesian descent.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites

- Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jesse Klaver
- **image**: Jesse Klaver verkiezingsposterfoto.jpg
- **office**: Party leader
- **term start**: 12 May 2015
- **predecessor**: Bram van Ojik
- **office1**: Parliamentary group leader
- **term start1**: 12 May 2015
- **predecessor1**: Bram van Ojik
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 17 June 2010
- **office3**: Chair of GreenLeft youth organisation DWARS
- **term start3**: 2008
- **term end3**: 2009
- **term start4**: 2006
- **term end4**: 2007
- **birth name**: Jesse Feras Klaver
- **birth place**: Roosendaal, North Brabant, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **party**: GreenLeft
- **residence**: The Hague, South Holland, Netherlands
- **alma mater**: Avans University of Applied Sciences
- **website**: [https://www.parlement.com/id/viehdasn2mxt/j_f_jesse_klaver www.parlement.com]
Ontological argument

The **ontological argument** is an idea in religious philosophy. It is supposed to show that God exists.

There are different versions, but they all argue something like: because we can imagine a perfect being, there must be a god. The idea is that existing makes a good thing better than one that's only imaginary. So the perfect thing we're imagining must exist. Then we call the perfect thing God. The earliest objection was that an argument like that could prove wrong things. You could prove that a perfect island must exist, for example. But no real island is perfect.

Because it starts with imagination, not what you can see or experience, this is a kind of _a priori_ reasoning. David Hume didn't like that way of thinking. He believed that knowledge had to come from experience and called everything else "nothing but sophistry and illusion".

Other versions of the argument start with the idea of the universe, and from that argue that there must be a god.
Lodewijk Asscher

**Lodewijk Frans Asscher** (born September 27, 1974 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He was political leader from December 2016 and also parliamentary leader from March 2017 until January 2021. He was succeeded by Lilianne Ploumen.

## Career

Asscher was a government minister and also deputy prime minister in the Second Rutte cabinet from 2012 to 2017. Previously he was an alderman of Amsterdam. As an alderman he was fighting sexual slavery and criminal companies.

He studied law at the University of Amsterdam (including a PhD) and is a former academic at the same university. He is partly of Jewish descent (his father is Jewish). He adheres Reform Judaism.

Lodewijk Asscher is married with three children.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lodewijk Asscher
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **image**: Lodewijk Asscher 2015 (1).jpg
- **caption**: Lodewijk Asscher
André Jagendorf

**André Tridon Jagendorf** (October 21, 1926 – March 13, 2017) was an American plant biologist and educator. He was a Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor Emeritus in the Section of Plant Biology at Cornell University. He was known for providing direct evidence that chloroplasts synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using the chemiosmotic mechanism proposed by Peter Mitchell.

Jagendorf was born in New York City on October 21, 1926. He studied at Cornell University, at Yale University and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Jagendorf died in Ithaca, New York from a heart attack on March 13, 2017, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Obituary in Ithaca Journal
- Obituary at Legacy.com
Len Mitzel

**Leonard Mitzel** (1945 – March 19, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He was a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the constituency of Cypress-Medicine Hat as a Progressive Conservative serving from November 22, 2004 through April 23, 2012.

Mitzel was born in Lethbridge, Alberta in 1945. He and his wife, June Cole Mitzel, lived in Etzikom, Alberta. They had two children. Mitzel died on March 19, 2017 in Medicine Hat, Alberta from pancreatic cancer, aged 71.
Chandler Robbins

**Chandler Seymour Robbins** (July 17, 1918 – March 20, 2017) was an American ornithologist. He was known for his works to the field include co-authorship of an influential field guide to birds, as well as organizing the North American Breeding Bird Survey.

Robbins was born in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was raised in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Harvard University and at George Washington University. Robbins died at his home in Laurel, Maryland on March 20, 2017 from respiratory failure, aged 98.

## Other websites

- North American Breeding Bird Survey
- Ken Emerson, "Seen Any Warblers Lately", _New York Times Magazine_, 2 September 1990.
- Chandler Robbins—A Partial List of Publications, 1945–2005.
- Chandler Robbins, video interview with Sam Droege, on the bird migration card program
- Frances C. James, The Overall Contributions of Chandler S. Robbins to Ornithology and Bird Conservation in the Americas
Gas operation (firearms)

**Gas-operation** is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate autoloading firearms. In gas operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to extract the spent case and insert a new cartridge into the chamber. Energy from the gas is harnessed through either a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. This high-pressure gas impinges on a surface such as a piston head to provide motion for unlocking of the action, extraction of the spent case, ejection, cocking of the hammer or striker, chambering of a fresh cartridge, and locking of the action.

## Long stroke

The AK-47 is the most-produced rifle using long stroke gas operation.

## Short stroke

Used in the AR-18.

## Direct impingement

Direct impingement is a form of gas operation that does away with the piston completely. The bolt is designed in such a way so that the gas acts directly upon the bolt (hence the name) to cycle the action. Used in the AR-15.

## Fluted chamber direct impingement

Another form of direct impingement using a fluted chamber instead of a gas port. With this operation, the gas circumvents around the chambered cartridge through the grooves of the fluted chamber surpassing through the locking lugs to the front of the bolt carrier that operates as a gas piston unlocking the bolt to cycle the weapons operation.

## Floating chamber

Early machine guns were expensive to operate. The United States Army wanted to train machine gun crews with less-expensive ammunition. To do this, they needed the .22 LR cartridge to operate firearms designed to use the .30-06 cartridge. David Marshall Williams invented a method that involved a separate floating chamber that acted as a gas piston with combustion gas impinging directly on the front of the floating chamber. The .22 caliber Colt Service Ace conversion kit for the .45 caliber M1911 pistol also used Williams' system, which allows a much heavier slide than other conversions operating on the unaugmented blowback mechanism and makes training with the converted pistol realistic. A floating chamber provides additional force to operate the heavier slide, providing a felt recoil level similar to that of a full power cartridge.

## Gas delayed blowback

The bolt is not locked but is pushed rearward by the expanding propellant gases as in other blowback-based designs. However, propellant gases are vented from the barrel into a cylinder with a piston that delays the opening of the bolt. It is used by Volkssturmgewehr 1-5 rifle, the Heckler & Koch P7, Steyr GB and Walther CCP pistols.

## Other websites

- Fluted Chamber Direct Impingement
FN Herstal

**Fabrique Nationale de Herstal**,  also called **Fabrique Nationale** or **FN**, is a Belgian company that makes firearms. The company often market themselves under the name **FN Herstal**. They own both the Winchester Repeating Arms Company and Browning. In 1898,  the company began woking with John Moses Browning, a well-known firearms designer. The company was founded in 1990 by Leopold II. It is based in Herstal, Liège, Belgium].
Henri Emmanuelli

**Henri Emmanuelli** (31 May 1945 – 21 March 2017) was a French socialist politician.

Emmanuelli was a member of the French Socialist Party. He has been deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and from 2000 until his death in 2017. He served as President of the French National Assembly from 22 January 1992 through 1 April 1993. He later served as First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 19 June 1994 through 14 October 1995.

Emmanuelli was a strong supporter of French president François Mitterrand during his political career despite being a Socialist.

Emmanuelli was born in Eaux-Bonnes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. He studied at Sciences Po in Paris. He joined in 1969 the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild.

Emmanuelli died on 21 March 2017 at a medical center in Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques from complications of acute bronchitis at the age of 71.

## Other websites

- Official website
USAS-12

The **USAS-12** (Universal Sports Automatic Shotgun 12-gauge) is a fully automatic gas operated shotgun made by the South Korean-based company Daewoo.

The USAS-12 is a gas-operated, select-fire weapon which is designed to provide sustained firepower in close quarter combat scenarios. It accepts detachable 10-round box magazines or 20-round drum magazines. Both types of magazine are made of polymer, and drum magazines have their rear side made from translucent polymer to tell of the number of shot shells left. It has an effective range of 40 m.

## Other websites

- Modern Firearms
- Patent
-  — disassembly video

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Daewoo Precision Industries USAS-12
- **image**: USAS12shotgun4104.jpg
- **image size**: 300
- **caption**: The Daewoo Precision Industries USAS-12 automatic shotgun.
- **origin**: South Korea
United States
- **type**: Automatic shotgun
Semi-automatic shotgun, Semi-automatic (Civilian)
- **is ranged**: yes
- **design date**: 1989
- **manufacturer**: S&T Daewoo, Daewoo Precision Industries, Interord Corp.(Nashville, Tennessee,) RAMO Defense Co., Ameetec Arms LLC
- **production date**: 1989–present
- **variants**: Semi-automatic only for civilian commercial sales; select-fire for military and police
- **weight**: 5.45 kg less magazine. 6.2 kg (with 10-round magazine)
- **length**: 960 mm
- **part length**: 460 mm
- **caliber**: 12-gauge
- **rate**: 400-450 rounds per minute
- **range**: 30–40 m
- **max range**: 50 m
- **feed**: 10-round detachable box magazine or 20-round drum magazine
- **sights**: Iron sights
Pancor Jackhammer

The **Pancor Jackhammer** is a fully automatic, rotary magazine, 12 gauge shotgun. Designed in 1984 by John Anderson, and patented in 1987. The concept of a fully automatic shotgun has not taken hold with the military, or with law enforcement, due to the difficulty of controlling such a weapon. Only three prototypes were constructed, with two of the three exploding during testing; only one survives today, in the hands of a private collector. However, the shotgun's futuristic appearance has made it popular in action movies and video games.

After using pump action shotguns during the Korean War, Anderson thought he could make a superior shotgun since he found reloading them to be cumbersome and time-consuming. When the design was ready for delivery, a number of foreign nations reportedly showed interest in it and even placed orders for the first manufacturing units. However, the United States Department of Defense's testing delayed the design's export for production, even though it was ultimately rejected.
Amyloidosis

**Amyloidosis** is a rare and serious disease that causes abnormal proteins to build up in the body's tissues. These abnormal, insoluble proteins are called amyloid fibrils. Amyloidosis can be fatal.

In "local amyloidosis," amyloid deposits build up in just one part of the body, or in a single organ system. In "systemic amyloidosis," the deposits build up in organs and tissues throughout the body.

Because amyloidosis can affect different parts of the body, it can cause many different symptoms. It can be challenging to confirm that amyloid fibrils are in the body's tissues, which can delay diagnosis.

## Types

There are many different types of amyloidosis. Each is caused by the formation of amyloid fibrils. However, these fibrils develop from different types of proteins in different patients. About 30 different proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in humans. Amyloidosis is named and classified according to which protein is causing a person's amyloid fibrils.

Though this disease is rare, many famous people have died from amyloidosis, including Martin McGuinness, David Lange, Robert Jordan Robert P. Casey and Pervez Musharraf.

## Other websites

- National Press Club Luncheon with Michael York, August 2016. Michael York who has amyloidosis, speaks from 4:00-60:00
Owen submachine gun

The **Owen gun** was an Australian 9mm submachine gun used in World War II. It was used by Australian soldiers who favoured it in jungle combat. Although used predominantly in the far east, it was considered the best submachine gun of WW2 as it was simple, rugged, had an ergonomic layout and had a compensator to increase accuracy when firing.
Leader Dynamics T2MK5

The Leader T2 MK5 Series weapons were designed to fit the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. They were manufactured by Leader Dynamics of Smithfield, NSW, Australia (1978-1982/1983). The Leader was designed by Charles St. George. It was originally a contender for a 5.56 mm Australian military service rifle to replace the Lithgow L1A1-F1 SLR and Colt M16A1 rifles. What was unique about this  was that Australia had never designed or manufactured its own commercial gas-operated semi-automatic rifle. The rifle was abandoned when the Steyr AUG was adopted for use by the Australian military.

The T2 used a triangular bolt-face that was similar to the Winchester Model 100. This was adopted because the original bolt-face was too complex and expensive to manufacture. Barrett Firearms uses a similar design for the M82A1 and its bolt action guns. St. George worked for Barrett at around this time but was not involved in design or engineering duties.
Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters

**Edith Jessie Thompson** (25 December 1893 – 9 January 1923) and **Frederick Edward Francis Bywaters** (27 June 1902 – 9 January 1923) were a British couple executed for the murder of Thompson's husband Percy. Their case became a _cause célèbre_.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Edith Thompson
- **image**: Freddy Bywaters, Edith Thompson, Percy Thompson.jpg
- **caption**: Frederick Bywaters (left), Edith Thompson and Percy Thompson in July 1921
- **birth name**: Edith Jessie Graydon
- **birth place**: Dalston, London
- **death place**: HMP Holloway, London
- **resting place**: Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom
- **conviction status**: Executed
- **motive**: _Crime of passion, Crime passionel_
- **conviction**: Murder

- **partners**: Frederick Bywaters
- **victims**: Percy Thompson
- **cause**: Capital punishment, Execution by hanging
- **charge**: Murder
- **conviction penalty**: Death


## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Frederick Bywaters
- **death place**: HMP Pentonville, London
- **resting place**: HMP Pentonville, London
- **nationality**: United Kingdom
- **occupation**: Merchant navy, Merchant seaman
- **conviction status**: Executed
- **motive**: _Crime of passion, Crime passionel_
- **conviction**: Murder

- **partners**: Edith Thompson
- **victims**: Percy Thompson
- **cause**: Capital punishment, Execution by hanging
- **charge**: Murder
- **conviction penalty**: Death
Autoroute Info

**Autoroute Info** is a radio station in France serving central-eastern and Rhône-Alpes motorways, broadcasting in 107.7 MHz since 10/1991. It serves the entire APRR, AREA, ATMB, SFTRF, Adelac and some of Granoble with 2.500km of motorways. It has two studios: Dijon and Chambéry.

The station has 100 staff, with 27 permanent journalists, including 11 work on the air.

## Programming

Autoroute Info is LIVE 24/7.

Every quarter-hour, a traffic round-up is broadcast, featuring latest conditions, updated continuously, with the possibility to break its programming to alert listeners about an accident, or a severe weather event.

In the rest of the schedule, Autoroute Info broadcasts some short segments related to listeners (like sports, highways, safety, tourism,...) and a very unique music playlist (300 songs per day). The station also carries news flash at :15 and :45 every hour from the country's all news station France Info.
Gert-Jan Segers

**Gert-Jan Maarten Segers** (born 9 July 1969 in Lisse) is a Dutch writer and politician of the ChristianUnion (CU). He was political leader from 2015 to 2023.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2012 to 2023 and a parliamentary leader since 2015.

Segers studied political science at Leiden University. He worked as an assistant to the RPF  parliamentary group and briefly as a radio journalist at the Dutch Evangelical Broadcasting (EO). Successively he was a missionary in Egypt for seven years, whereafter he obtained a masters in Western-Islam relations and the Middle East at the Johns Hopkins University. Afterwards he headed the scientific institute of the ChristianUnion.

Segers has written several novels and non-fiction books, and is also a columnist of the Dutch Protestant newspaper Nederlands Dagblad.

He is a Reformed Christian.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites

- Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gert-Jan Segers
- **image**: Gert-Jan Segers 2018.jpg
- **office**: Party leader
- **term start**: 10 November 2015
- **term end**: 17 January 2023
- **predecessor**: Arie Slob
- **successor**: Mirjam Bikker
- **office1**: Parliamentary group leader
- **term start1**: 10 November 2015
- **term end1**: 17 January 2023
- **predecessor1**: Arie Slob
- **successor1**: Mirjam Bikker
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 20 September 2012
- **term end2**: 24 January 2023
- **birth name**: Gert Jan Maarten Segers
- **birth place**: Lisse, South Holland, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **party**: ChristianUnion (CU)
Reformatory Political Federation (RPF) (-2001)
- **residence**: Hoogland, Utrecht (province), Utrecht, Netherlands
- **alma mater**: Leiden University,
Johns Hopkins University
- **website**: [https://www.parlement.com/id/vj0dhmk176e3/g_j_m_gert_jan_segers www.parlement.com]
Fleur Agema

**Marie-Fleur "Fleur" Agema** (born 16 September 1976 in Purmerend) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV).

She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2006 (with an interruption in 2015).

From 2003 to 2007 she was a member of the Provincial States of North Holland for the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the Agema Group.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Midas

In classical mythology, **Midas** is a king of Phrygia. He is supposed to have the power of changing anything he touched into gold. This is the origin of the phrase "the Midas touch".
Marianne Thieme

**Marianne Louise Thieme** (born March 6, 1972 in Ede) is a Dutch animal rights activist and writer, and also a former politician of the Party for the Animals (PvdD). She is co-founder of the party, and was political leader from 2002 till 2019.

She was a member of the Second Chamber and also parliamentary leader from 2006 till 2019. Previously she was party chair from 2002 to 2010.

Esther Ouwehand has succeeded her as party and parliamentary leader.

Thieme studied law at Erasmus University Rotterdam. She is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and a vegan.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Holinshed's Chronicles

***Holinshed's Chronicles***, also known as ***Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland***, is a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions, the first in 1577, and the second in 1587. It was a large, comprehensive description of British History

In 1548 Reginald Wolfe, a London printer, conceived the idea of creating a "Universal Cosmography of the whole world, and there with also certain particular histories of every known nation." He wanted the work to be printed in English and he wanted maps and illustrations in the book as well.
August Englas

**August Englas** (; January 15, 1925 – March 21, 2017) was an Estonian wrestler. He competed for the Soviet Union.

Englas was born in Otepää.

In the 1952 Summer Olympics, after defeating Adil Atan, Shirang Vithoba Jadav and Max Leichter, and losing against Henry Wittenberg and Viking Palm, he took fourth place. He won the gold medal at the 1953 and 1954 World Championship.

Englas died on March 21, 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 92.