juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Westminster School

The **Royal College of St. Peter in Westminster**, almost always known as **Westminster School**, is one of Britain's leading private schools. It has the highest number of students going to Oxford or Cambridge Universities of any secondary school or college (49.9%). It had the best GCSE results in 2013, with 98.16% of entries getting A* or A grades.

The school is near to Westminster Abbey in central London. It existed before the 12th century. The school's notable ex-students include Nick Clegg, Ben Jonson, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren, Jeremy Bentham, and A. A. Milne. Boys enter the Westminster Under School when they are seven years old. They go to the main school when they are thirteen. Girls are allowed only at sixteen. The school has about 750 students. About a third are boarders (who live in the school). Most of the boarders go home for the weekends, after Saturday morning school. The school has eleven houses.

The school made Harris Westminster Sixth Form, a sixth form free school, with the Harris Federation in 2013. It opens in September 2014. It will give preference to applying students from poor backgrounds.
Depression (mood)

**Depression** is a state of bad mood and not wanting to do anything.

## Overview

Depression can change what a person thinks, does, feels, and sense of well-being. It may lead to being sad, make it harder to think and a large change in appetite and time spent sleeping. People who have depression may feel no hope and, sometimes, thoughts of suicide. It can either be short term or long term.

## Symptoms

The main symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which means losing of interest in things that usually make people happy. Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia; it is a normal reaction to life events, such as losing a loved one; and it is also caused by some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments.
Gadani Beach

**Gadani Beach** is a beach on the Arabian Sea. It is near the Hub River and Cape Monze in Gadani,  Lasbela District, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Many ships have been broken up for scrap at Gadani Beach, including the SS _Canberra_ in 1997.
Sandspit Beach

**Sandspit Beach** is a beach southwest of Karachi, Pakistan. It is a famous tourist spot. The sea at Sandspit is calm and quiet from October to March but it is rough during the monsoon season. A variety of marine life (algae and crabs) is found there. The shallow water here is good for swimming and sunbathing. It has an unusual rocky formation. Sandspit beach is a popular relaxation spot in Karachi. Facilities at the Sandspit Beach include horseback and camel riding.
Hawke's Bay (Karachi)

**Hawksbay Town** or **Hawksbay Housing Scheme No.42** is in Keamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, in Pakistan. Hawke's Bay Town was notified in July 1984 by Karachi Development Authority.
Paradise Point

**Paradise Point** is a beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Paradise Point is a sandstone rock promontory with a natural arch.

The beach has attractions for families and tourists, including beachside horse and camel rides, amusement parks, restaurants, and swimming in the Arabian Sea.

Other beaches close to the city include Sandspit Beach, Hawke's Bay, and Clifton beach.
Charlotte's Web (disambiguation)

***Charlotte's Web*** is a 1952 children's book written by E. B. White.

It can also mean:

- _Charlotte's Web_ (1973 movie) – an animated movie based on the book, released in 1973.
- "Charlotte's Web" (song) – a song from the 1973 movie.
- _Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure_ – a 2003 direct-to-video animated sequel to the 1973 movie.
- _Charlotte's Web_ (2006 movie) – a live-action movie based on the book and released in 2006.
Dave Baksh

**David Nizaam "Brownsound" Baksh** (born 26 July, 1980 in Ajax, Ontario) is a Canadian guitarist, singer and producer of Guyanese descent, best known as the former guitarist of successful pop punk band Sum 41, but has since became a singer/guitarist in his own heavy metal/reggae project Brown Brigade.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Davebaksh.jpg
- **name**: Dave Baksh
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: David Nizaam Baksh
- **origin**: Ajax, Ontario, Canada
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, hard rock, pop punk, punk rock, melodic hardcore, rapcore, reggae
- **occupation**: Musician, Guitarist, Songwriter
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **instrument**: Guitar, Singer, Vocals, Drumkit, Drums
- **associated acts**: Brown Brigade
Sum 41
Pain For Pleasure
Iggy Pop
- **label**: Aquarius Records (record label), Aquarius, Island Records, Island, Universal Music Group, Universal
Half Hour of Power

***Half Hour of Power*** is Sum 41's debut EP. Despite its title, there are only 24 minutes of music on it. It was released on June 27, 2000 on Big Rig Records, a subsidiary of Island Records (US), and Aquarius Records (Canada).

## Track listing

1. "Grab the Devil by the Horns and **** Him Up the ***" - 1:06
1. "Machine Gun" – 2:29
1. "What I Believe" – 2:49
1. "T.H.T. (Tables Have Turned)" – 0:43
1. "Makes No Difference" – 3:10
1. "Summer" – 2:40
1. "32 Ways to Die" – 1:30
1. "Second Chance for Max Headroom" – 3:51
1. "Dave's Possessed Hair/It's What We're All About" – 3:47
1. "Ride the Chariot to the Devil" – 0:55
1. "Another Time Around" – 3:19 (6:52 with added silence to make album length thirty minutes)
1. "Makes No Difference" - (Japanese Bonus Enchanced Video Track)
1. "Gone Gone Gonerrhea - (Japanese Bonus Enchanced Video Track)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Half Hour of Power
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Sum 41
- **released**: June 27, 2000
- **recorded**: 1999 - 2000
- **genre**: Pop punk
Punk rock
- **length**: 30:00
- **label**: Big Rig (US)
 Aquarius Records (record label), Aquarius (Canada)
- **producer**: Greig Nori, Deryck Whibley
- **prev title**: Half Hour of Power#1998 Demo Tape, 1998 demo tape
 (1998)
- **next title**: All Killer No Filler
(2001)
William Tecumseh Sherman

**William Tecumseh Sherman** (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author.

Before the American Civil War, he fought in the Mexican-American War and was the head of Louisiana State University. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865).

As general, he led the Atlanta Campaign and burned the city. Sherman's March to the Sea later devastated Georgia and burned Savannah.  After the Civil War, he was in charge of all the Union Armies.

He was urged several times to run for president, but he refused each time.

## Other websites

- U.S. Army Center of Military History
- William T. Sherman Family papers from the University of Notre Dame
- William Tecumseh Sherman , from the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco , concentrates on Sherman's time in California
- California military history Sherman's time in California, more info concentrates on Sherman's time in Georgia
- Sherman House Museum , at Sherman's birthplace in Lancaster, Ohio
- Sherman Thackara Collection at the Digital Library @ Villanova University
- New York Times obituary
- New York Times report on St. Louis funeral proceedings
- Eulogy by brother, Senator John Sherman
- Retrieved on 2007-12-13
- City of San Francisco
- William Tecumseh Sherman Collection at Missouri History Museum Archives

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: William Tecumseh Sherman
- **placeofbirth**: Lancaster, Ohio, Lancaster, Ohio
- **placeofdeath**: New York City, New York
- **image**: William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg
- **caption**: Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, USA, in May 1865. The black ribbon around his left arm is a sign of mourning over President Abraham Lincoln's death. Portrait by Mathew Brady.
- **nickname**: Cump, Uncle Billy (by his troops)
- **branch**: United States Army
Union Army
- **serviceyears**: 1840–53, 1861–84
- **rank**: Major General#United States, Major General (Civil War),
 General of the Army of the United States (postbellum)
- **commands**: Army of the Tennessee (1863),
 Military Division of the Mississippi (1864),
 Commanding General of the United States Army (postbellum)
- **battles**: American Civil War
-Battle of Shiloh, Shiloh,
- Vicksburg Campaign,
- Third Battle of Chattanooga, Chattanooga,
- Atlanta Campaign,
- Sherman's March to the Sea, March to the Sea,
- Carolinas Campaign
- **awards**: Thanks of Congress (1864 and 1865)
- **laterwork**: Bank president, lawyer, university superintendent, streetcar executive
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
Mathew Brady

**Mathew B. Brady** (1822 – January 15, 1896) was one of the most famous 19th-century American photographers. He is best known for his portraits of celebrities and the documentation of the American Civil War. He is credited with being the father of photojournalism.

## Other websites

- MathewBrady.com
- Mathew Brady biography at American Memory of the Library of Congress
- Mathew Brady Photographs More than 6,000 photographs available in the Archival Research Catalog of the National Archives and Records Administration
- Mathew Brady's World – biography, timeline and analysis of Brady's work at the Smithsonian Institution

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Mathew B. Brady
- **nationality**: United States
- **image**: Mathew Brady 1875 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Mathew B. Brady, self-portrait, circa 1875
- **birth date**: 1822
- **birth place**: Warren County, New York, Warren County, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.A.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.A.
- **spouse**: Juliette Handy Brady
- **occupation**: Photographer, photojournalist
- **signature**: Mathew Brady Signature.svg
Monieux

**Monieux** is a commune of 250 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Monieux
- **image**: Monnieux by JM Rosier.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Monieux (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Sault
- **insee**: 84079
- **postal code**: 84390
- **mayor**: Alain Gabert
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Sault (Vaucluse)
- **elevation m**: 700
- **elevation min m**: 439
- **elevation max m**: 1022
- **area km2**: 47.12
- **population**: 250
- **population date**: 1999
Monteux

**Monteux** is a commune of 9,564 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Monteux
- **image**: PorteNDMonteux.JPG
- **caption**: Old city gate in Monteux
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Monteux (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Canton of Carpentras-Sud, Carpentras-Sud
- **insee**: 84080
- **postal code**: 84170
- **mayor**: Christian Gros
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes Les Sorgues du Comtat
- **elevation m**: 42
- **elevation min m**: 26
- **elevation max m**: 80
- **area km2**: 39.02
- **population**: 9,564
- **population date**: 1999
Morières-lès-Avignon

**Morières-lès-Avignon** is a commune of 6,535 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Morières-lès-Avignon
- **image**: Église de Morières.jpg
- **caption**: Church of Morières-lès-Avignon
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Morières-lès-Avignon (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Avignon
- **canton**: Avignon-Est
- **insee**: 84081
- **postal code**: 84310
- **mayor**: Joël Granier
- **intercommunality**: Grand Avignon
- **elevation m**: 41
- **elevation min m**: 25
- **elevation max m**: 116
- **area km2**: 10.35
- **population**: 6535
- **population date**: 1999
Mormoiron

**Mormoiron** is a commune of 1,562 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Mornas

**Mornas** is a commune of 2,209 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mornas
- **image**: Forteresse Mornas FRA 001.jpg
- **caption**: View of Mornas and its fort
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Mornas.svg
- **arrondissement**: Avignon
- **canton**: Canton of Bollène, Bollène
- **insee**: 84083
- **postal code**: 84550
- **mayor**: Denis Dussargues
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Rhône-Lez-Provence
- **elevation m**: 38
- **elevation min m**: 31
- **elevation max m**: 234
- **area km2**: 26.09
- **population**: 2,209
- **population date**: 1999
La Motte-d'Aigues

**La Motte-d'Aigues** is a commune of 1,328 people (2008). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Motte-d'Aigues
- **image**: Eglise à La Motte-d'Aigues.JPG
- **caption**: Church of La Motte-d'Aigues
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr La Motte-d'Aigues (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Pertuis, Pertuis
- **insee**: 84084
- **postal code**: 84240
- **elevation m**: 385
- **elevation min m**: 295
- **elevation max m**: 1060
- **area km2**: 14.63
- **population**: 1328
- **population date**: 2008
Murs, Vaucluse

**Murs** is a commune of 415 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Murs
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Murs (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Gordes, Gordes
- **image**: Murs Village.jpg
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes de Pied Rousset en Luberon
- **insee**: 84085
- **postal code**: 84220
- **mayor**: Anne-Marie Le Mat
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **elevation m**: 500
- **elevation min m**: 248
- **elevation max m**: 803
- **area km2**: 31.26
- **population**: 415
- **population date**: 1999
Oppède

**Oppède** is a commune of 1,226 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Orange, Vaucluse

**Orange** is a commune of 29,000 people (2005). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Pernes-les-Fontaines

**Pernes-les-Fontaines** is a commune of 10,170 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Pernes-les-Fontaines
- **image**: Pernes gate by Rosier.JPG
- **caption**: City gate in Pernes-les-Fontaines
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Pernes-les-Fontaines (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Pernes-les-Fontaines
- **insee**: 84088
- **postal code**: 84210
- **mayor**: Pierre Gabert
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Les Sorgues du Comtat
- **elevation m**: 82
- **elevation min m**: 36
- **elevation max m**: 263
- **area km2**: 51.12
- **population**: 10,170
- **population date**: 1999
Pertuis

**Pertuis** is a commune of 18,906 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Twin towns – Sister cities

Pertuis is twinned with:
- Alton, Hampshire, England
- Herborn, Hesse, Germany
- Este, Veneto, Italy
- Utiel, Spain
Peypin-d'Aigues

**Peypin-d'Aigues** is a commune of 586 people (2006). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Peypin-d'Aigues
- **image**: Fontaine à Peypin-d'Aigues.JPG
- **caption**: The fountain in Peypin-d'Aigues
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Peypin-d'Aigues (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Pertuis, Pertuis
- **insee**: 84090
- **postal code**: 84240
- **mayor**: Gérard Fritz
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Luberon-Durance
- **elevation m**: 380
- **elevation min m**: 349
- **elevation max m**: 1040
- **area km2**: 17.36
- **population**: 586
- **population date**: 2006
Piolenc

**Piolenc** is a commune of 4,445 people (2005). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.
Le Pontet, Vaucluse

**Le Pontet** is a commune of 15,594 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Le Pontet
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Le Pontet (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Avignon
- **canton**: Avignon-Nord
- **insee**: 84092
- **postal code**: 84130
- **mayor**: :fr:Joris Hébrard, Joris Hébrard
- **term**: 2015–
- **intercommunality**: Community of Agglomeration of Grand Avignon, Grand Avignon
- **elevation min m**: 16
- **elevation max m**: 30
- **area km2**: 10.77
- **population**: 15594
- **population date**: 1999
Puget

**Puget** is a commune of 589 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Puget
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Puget (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Cadenet, Cadenet
- **insee**: 84093
- **postal code**: 84360
- **mayor**: Pierre Gregoire
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Portes du Luberon
- **elevation m**: 150
- **elevation min m**: 123
- **elevation max m**: 703
- **area km2**: 17.9
- **population**: 589
- **population date**: 1999
Puyméras

**Puyméras** is a commune of 610 people (1999). It is in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Puyméras
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Puyméras (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Vaison-la-Romaine
- **insee**: 84094
- **postal code**: 84110
- **intercommunality**: Pays Voconces
- **elevation m**: 372
- **elevation min m**: 275
- **elevation max m**: 846
- **area km2**: 14.59
- **population**: 610
- **population date**: 1 999
Puyvert

**Puyvert** is a commune of 541 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Puyvert
- **image**: Puyvert.JPG
- **caption**: A view within the village of Puyvert
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Puyvert (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Cadenet, Cadenet
- **insee**: 84095
- **postal code**: 84160
- **mayor**: Sébastien Vincenti
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Portes du Luberon
- **elevation m**: 150
- **elevation min m**: 141
- **elevation max m**: 615
- **area km2**: 9.78
- **population**: 541
- **population date**: 1999
Rasteau

**Rasteau** is a commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Rasteau
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Rasteau (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Vaison-la-Romaine
- **insee**: 84096
- **postal code**: 84110
- **intercommunality**: Pays Voconces
- **elevation m**: 220
- **elevation min m**: 117
- **elevation max m**: 366
- **area km2**: 18.81
- **population**: 674
- **population date**: 1 999
Richerenches

**Richerenches** is a commune of 616 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department. This in the south of France.
Roaix

**Roaix** is a commune of 587 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Roaix
- **image**: Roaix - vue générale.JPG
- **caption**: View of Roaix
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Roaix (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Vaison-la-Romaine
- **insee**: 84098
- **postal code**: 84110
- **intercommunality**: Pays Voconces
- **elevation m**: 168
- **elevation min m**: 149
- **elevation max m**: 384
- **area km2**: 5.83
- **population**: 587
- **population date**: 1 999
Robion

**Robion** is a commune of 3,844 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Robion
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Robion (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Cavaillon, Cavaillon
- **insee**: 84099
- **postal code**: 84440
- **mayor**: Patrick Sintès
- **area km2**: 17.07
- **population**: 3,844
- **population date**: 1999
- **website**: http://www.robion.fr
La Roque-Alric

**La Roque-Alric** is a commune of 54 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Roque-Alric
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr La Roque-Alric (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Beaumes-de-Venise
- **insee**: 84100
- **postal code**: 84190
- **mayor**: Henri Girard
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Ventoux-Comtat Venaissin
- **elevation m**: 250
- **elevation min m**: 150
- **elevation max m**: 517
- **area km2**: 4.87
- **population**: 54
- **population date**: 1999
La Roque-sur-Pernes

**La Roque-sur-Pernes** is a commune of 447 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Roque-sur-Pernes
- **image**: La Roque sur Pernes by Rosier.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr La Roque-sur-Pernes (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Pernes-les-Fontaines
- **insee**: 84101
- **postal code**: 84210
- **mayor**: Joseph Bernhardt
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Ventoux-Comtat Venaissin
- **elevation m**: 290
- **elevation min m**: 142
- **elevation max m**: 502
- **area km2**: 11.03
- **population**: 447
- **population date**: 1999
Roussillon, Vaucluse

**Roussillon** is a commune of 1,161 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France. It was elected _one of the prettiest villages in France_ (_un des plus beau villages de France_)

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Roussillon
- **image**: Roussillon01.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Roussillon (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Canton of Gordes, Gordes
- **insee**: 84102
- **postal code**: 84220
- **elevation m**: 343
- **elevation min m**: 159
- **elevation max m**: 365
- **area km2**: 29.77
- **population**: 1,161
- **population date**: 1999
Rustrel

**Rustrel** is a commune of 614 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Rustrel
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Rustrel (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Apt
- **canton**: Apt
- **insee**: 84103
- **postal code**: 84400
- **mayor**: Pierre Rimele
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: pays d'Apt
- **elevation m**: 422
- **elevation min m**: 279
- **elevation max m**: 1073
- **area km2**: 28.26
- **population**: 672
- **population date**: 2006
Hershey–Chase experiment

The **Hershey–Chase experiments** were a series of experiments started in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.

These experiments were to confirm that DNA was the genetic material in living things, which had previously been discovered by the Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher in his experiments on white blood cells, or leukocytes, between 1868 and 69. Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his “discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses.”

## Method

Hershey and Chase used T2 phage, a bacteriophage. The phage infects a bacterium by attaching to it and injecting its genetic material into it.

They labeled the phage DNA with radioactive Phosphorus-32. They then followed the phages while they infected E. coli.  They found that the radioactive element left on the phage's DNA was only in the bacterium, and not in the phage, meaning that the DNA had entered the bacterium.

In a second experiment, Hershey and Chase put labels on the phage protein with radioactive Sulfur-35.  After the phage was attached to the bacterium, the radioactive element was found in the phage, but not in the bacterium. This means that the phage's proteins stayed on the outside of the bacterium. These results showed Hershey and Chase that the genetic material that infects the bacteria is DNA.

## References

- Hershey A.D. and Chase M. (1952) _Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage_. _J Gen Physiol._ **36**:39-56.
Samos City

**Samos City** is the capital of the Greek island Samos. It is in the northeast of the island. Samos City has about 6,000 people. The old town of Samos city is named Vathy. Vathy is beside Samos and it is jointed with it. It is a traditional small town with traditional houses and narrow paths. Vathy has about 2,000 people.
Amfissa

**Amfissa** is a Greek city. It is in the center of Greece, at the foot of Parnassos mountain. Near Amfissa is Delfi. According to the 2001 census, 6,947 lived there. During the Middle Ages it was named Salona, but today is named with its ancient name, Amfissa. Amfissa is an agriculturist city. The main financial source in Amfissa is olive oil. Oil-tree is the main cultivation in district of Amfissa. The most interest sight in the town is the ancient castle above town.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Amfissa
- **native name**: Άμφισσα
- **image skyline**: Amfissa apopsi.jpg
- **caption**: Southern part of Amfissa
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative region
- **subdivision name1**: Central Greece
Tann, Hesse

**Tann** is a town in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. It is in the Rhön Mountains, 27 km northeast of Fulda. It is an accredited Spa town at the Ulster River.
Antlion

**Antlion lacewings**, also known as **doodlebugs** or **doodleflies** or simply **antlions**, are a family of insects in the order, Neuroptera with the scientific name **Myrmeleontidae**. The most well-known genus is _Myrmeleo_. There are about 2,000 species.

## Description

Most people know this insect because of the funnel-shaped pit, up to 2 inches in diameter and depth, produced by the larval stages of this insect to trap ants. Larvae have globular abdomens and narrower, flattened heads bearing sickle-shaped jaws. Adults superficially resemble drab-colored, 1 ½ inch long damselflies with four long, narrow, net-veined wings roof-like held over a long, skinny abdomen when at rest. Unlike damselflies, however, ant-lion antennae are prominent and clubbed at the end.

Digestion

Antlions burrow in the ground, forming a pit for prey to fall into. The pit is angled so that the sides of the pit crumble when the victim tries to climb out.
Body image

**Body image** is the thoughts and feelings of a person has about their own body. Having a positive body image effects self-esteem. In studies the majority of women and girls in western societies have a negative body image. The American ideal is to be thinner than is normal or healthy. Men and boys are thinking more about their bodies, wanting to be more muscular. Unrealistic ideals are learned from parents, friends, and the media.

In non-western cultures, body image does not have the same meaning. In some societies, people think of themselves as part of a group, not as individuals. Where getting enough food is a problem, growing thinner is seen as unhealthy. Westernization of cultures has decreased positive body image worldwide.

A 2007 report by the _American Psychological Association_ found that a culture-wide sexualization of girls was contributing to increased female anxiety associated with body image. The study found that women are more worried about their body image than men.

## Related pages

- Beauty
- Physical attractiveness
- Body positivity
Heraclion

**Heraclion** is the biggest city of Crete. 132,000 lived there in 2001 census. Heraclion is in the north of Crete. It is near Knossos, the ancient capital of Crete and the center of Minoan civilization. Heraclion has a big harbor which it connects Heraclion with continental Greece. Heraclion has a hot summer Mediterranean climate.

## Places of interest

The most interesting sight in Heraclion is the Venetian square with a marble fountain. Venice ruled Heraclion from the 13th to 16th century. There are still many important monuments from this time. The medieval fort in the town is another important sight. The fort was built by Arabians, Byzantines, and Venetians while each group ruled the city.
Volos

**Volos** is a Greek city. It is in the center of Greece, in the district of Thessalia. 85,000 people live in the city. There are over 115,000 people in the city and its suburbs. The major suburb of Volos is Nea Ionia which is in the northwest of Volos. Volos is next to Pilio mountain. It is a coastal city and has a big harbor. Volos's harbor connects Volos with the Sporades Islands and other places. Near Volos are the ancient Greek towns, Iolkos, Dimitrias and Pagases. Volos is at the same place as Pagases. The hero Jason was from Iolkos. Today Volos is an industrial town.

## Sister cities

- – Le Mans, France
- – Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- – Sochi, Russia
- – Pleven, Bulgaria
- Smederevo, Serbia
Chalkida

**Chalkida** (or Chalkis) is a Greek town. Its population is 55,264 inhabitants according to the 2001 census. Chalkida is located to the north of Athens, on Euboea island. It is at the point where the Euboea is nearest to mainland Greece. At this point is the Eyripous narrow, a sea narrow, where there is a tidal phenomenon.

## History

During antiquity, Chalkida was an important town. Its people were Ionian, an ancient Greek race. Chalkida had founded many colonies. Most of them were in south Italy. The Latin alphabet is an evolution of the ancient Chalkidian alphabet. During the Middle Ages Chalkida was an unimportant city. During the Lombardian knights' rule, Chalkida was developed again. Today Chalkida is an industrial town.
Act

**Act** or **ACT** has several meanings:

- An **act**  or thing done.  For example, 'Patting the dog is a kind act'
- An act can also mean a state passed by a government
- Act (drama), part of a piece written to be performed in a theatre
- In the military, acting is when someone temporarily holds a higher rank
- the language code for Walmart, is Dutch dialect use my code for 70 percent off any perches
- ACT is an abbreviation for the Australian Capital Territory
- ACT New Zealand is a New Zealand political party
- ACT (test), a college admissions test in the United States
Blow

**Blow** may refer to:
- Blowing, or exhalation - breathing out air
- _Blow_ (movie), a 2001 American movie about drug trafficking
- "Blow" (Ke$ha song)
- Strike (attack)
- Drug slang for  cocaine

## Related pages

- Blow job
Tuskegee, Alabama

**Tuskegee** is a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 9,395. It has been the site of major African-American achievements for more than 100 years. It is where, in 1881, Lewis Adams founded the Tuskegee Normal School for Colored Teachers, which later became Tuskegee Institute and then Tuskegee University, with the mission of educating a newly freed people for self-sufficiency, and was the birthplace of Rosa Louise Parks in 1913. Today it remains a center for African-American education and became a part of the National Parks System in 1974. One of the most famous teachers at Tuskegee was  George Washington Carver, whose name is linked to new forms of research into Southern farming method and crops. Tuskegee and Tuskegee Institute were also home to the famed Tuskegee Airmen, the first squadron of African-American pilots in the U.S. Military. The city is the county seat of Macon County, and is known as the home of Tuskegee University "The Pride of the Swift Growing South". It is part of the Auburn–Opelika metropolitan statistical area.

## Notable residents

- The Tuskegee Airmen
- Andre Thornton, born in Tuskegee, major league baseball player
- Lionel Richie, born & raised in Tuskegee, then graduated from Tuskegee University,R&B singer, songwriter, composer, producer and occasional actor.
- Lt Gen Russell C. Davis former Commanding General of the District of Columbia National Guard.
- Rimp Lanier, former Major League Baseball player.
- Tom Joyner, nationally syndicated Radio DJ
- Eric Motley, former US State Department official and director of the Aspen Institute
- Evander McIvor Law, American Civil War general

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tuskegee, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Thou Pride of the Swift Growing South
- **image skyline**: Tuskegee Alabama Municipal Complex.JPG
- **image map**: File:Macon County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tuskegee Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Macon County, Alabama
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Macon County, Alabama, Macon
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 9395
- **population density km2**: 212.63
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **area total km2**: 44.89
- **area land km2**: 44.19
- **area water km2**: 0.70
- **elevation m**: 141
- **elevation ft**: 463
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 36083, 36087, 36088
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-77304
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0128211
Tuscumbia, Alabama

**Tuscumbia** is a city in and the county seat of Colbert County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 9,054. It is included in The Shoals MSA. Tuscumbia is the hometown of Helen Keller and the location of the Alabama Music Hall of Fame.

## Notable residents

- Helen Keller Born in Tuscumbia, June 27, 1880. Died June 1, 1968.
- Mike Cooley, guitarist for the alt-country/rock band, Drive-By Truckers. Born in Tuscumbia on September 14, 1966.
- Heinie Manush, born in Tuscumbia, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame
- Home of Howell Thomas Heflin, former U.S. Senator from Alabama (1979-97), former Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice (1971-77). Died March 25, 2005.
- Birthplace of Mitch McConnell, U.S. Senator from Kentucky and the current Senate Minority Leader.  Born February 20, 1942.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tuscumbia, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: "Charm of the Shoals" "The Town"
- **image skyline**: Colbert County Courthouse.JPG
- **image caption**: Colbert County Courthouse in Tuscumbia
- **image map**: File:Colbert County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tuscumbia Highlighted 0177280.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Tuscumbia in Colbert County, Alabama.
- **established title1**: Settled
- **established date1**: 1815
- **established title2**: Incorporated (town)
- **established date2**: December 20, 1820
- **named for**: Chickasaw Indian chief
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Colbert County, Alabama, Colbert
- **government type**: Mayor/Council
- **area total km2**: 23.98
- **area total sq mi**: 9.26
- **area land km2**: 23.87
- **area land sq mi**: 9.22
- **area water km2**: 0.11
- **area water sq mi**: 0.04
- **elevation ft**: 466
- **elevation m**: 142
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 9054
- **population density km2**: 379.30
- **population density sq mi**: 982.42
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35674
- **area codes**: Area code 256, 256, Area code 938, 938
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-77280
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0153743
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

**Tuscaloosa County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. It was named in honor of the Choctaw chief Tuskaloosa. In 2020, 227,036 people lived there.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Tuscaloosa County
- **state**: Alabama
- **founded year**: 1818
- **founded date**: February 6
- **seat wl**: Tuscaloosa
- **largest city wl**: Tuscaloosa
- **area total sq mi**: 1351
- **area land sq mi**: 1322
- **area water sq mi**: 30
- **area percentage**: 2.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 227036
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.tuscco.com
- **named for**: Tuskaloosa
Trussville, Alabama

**Trussville** is a city and suburb of Birmingham in Jefferson and St. Clair Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census, the population was 26,123.

## Famous residents

- Justin Wood—Winner of I Survived a Japanese Game Show.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Trussville, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **nickname**: The Gateway to Happy Living
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County and St. Clair County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Trussville Highlighted 0176944.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Trussville in Jefferson County and St. Clair County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson, St. Clair County, Alabama, St. Clair
- **established title1**: Settled
- **established date1**: 1821
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1947
- **named for**: Warren Truss
- **area total sq mi**: 35.18
- **area land sq mi**: 34.67
- **area water sq mi**: 0.51
- **elevation ft**: 709
- **population total**: 26123
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: 753.43
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35173
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **website**: http://www.trussville.org/
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-76944
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2405608
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 91.12
- **area land km2**: 89.80
- **area water km2**: 1.32
- **population density km2**: 290.90
Thomasville, Alabama

**Thomasville** is a city in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 3,649. It is notable as the childhood hometown of author and storyteller Kathryn Tucker Windham, who refers to it often in her storytelling.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Thomasville
- **nickname**: The City of Roses
- **motto**: "Southwest Alabama's Success Story"
- **image skyline**: Downtown Thomasville Alabama 02.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Thomasville in 2008.
- **image map**: File:Clarke County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Thomasville Highlighted 0175960.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Thomasville in Clarke County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Clarke County, Alabama, Clarke
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1888
- **area total km2**: 22.62
- **area total sq mi**: 8.73
- **area land km2**: 22.61
- **area land sq mi**: 8.73
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 381
- **elevation m**: 116
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3649
- **population density km2**: 161.37
- **population density sq mi**: 417.94
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 36762, 36784
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-75960
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0153683
- **website**: [http://www.thomasvilleal.com/ City of Thomasville]
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Tarrant, Alabama

**Tarrant** is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 6,124.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tarrant, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: DOWNTOWN TARRANT CITY (1 of 1).jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Tarrant, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson
- **area total sq mi**: 6.42
- **area land sq mi**: 6.37
- **area water sq mi**: 0.05
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6124
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 545
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35217
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-74976
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2405570
- **website**: http://www.cityoftarrant.com/
- **population density sq mi**: 961.53
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tarrant Highlighted 0174976.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Tarrant in Jefferson County, Alabama.
- **area total km2**: 16.63
- **area land km2**: 16.50
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **population density km2**: 371.24
Tallassee, Alabama

**Tallassee** is a city in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is in both
Elmore County and Tallapoosa County. At the 2020 census, the population was 4,763. It is home to a major hydroelectric power plant at Thurlow Dam operated by Alabama Power Company.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tallassee, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: "Treasure on the Tallapoosa"
- **image skyline**: 2021-03-12_Tallassee,_AL_-_City_Hall.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Tallassee City Hall in 2021
- **image map**: File:Elmore County and Tallapoosa County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tallassee Highlighted 0174688.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Tallassee in Elmore County and Tallapoosa County, Alabama.
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Elmore County, Alabama, Elmore, Tallapoosa County, Alabama, Tallapoosa
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: October 24, 1835
- **area total sq mi**: 12.19
- **area total km2**: 31.58
- **area land sq mi**: 11.37
- **area land km2**: 29.44
- **area water sq mi**: 0.83
- **area water km2**: 2.14
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4763
- **population density km2**: 161.77
- **population density sq mi**: 418.98
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time zone, CST
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 119
- **elevation ft**: 390
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 36045, 36078
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-74688
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0153643
- **website**: http://www.tallassee-al.gov
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Talladega, Alabama

**Talladega** (locally, ) is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 15,861. The city is the county seat of Talladega County.  Talladega is about  east of Birmingham, Alabama.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Talladega, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Talladega Alabama Courthouse Square.JPG
- **image caption**: Talladega Courthouse Square Historic District
- **image map**: File:Talladega County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Talladega Highlighted 0174592.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Talladega in Talladega County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name2**: Talladega County, Alabama, Talladega
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ashton S. Hall
- **area total km2**: 67.69
- **area land km2**: 67.48
- **area water km2**: 0.21
- **elevation ft**: 587
- **population total**: 15861
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 235.06
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35160-35161
- **area code**: Area codes 256 and 938, 256/938.
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-74592
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2405562
- **population density sq mi**: 608.82
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 26.13
- **area land sq mi**: 26.05
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08