juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Seven Bridges of Paso Mayor

**The Seven Bridges of Paso Mayor** is a railway bridge belonging to the Rosario Puerto Belgrano Railroad, which crosses the course of the Sauce Grande River in the limits of the Coronel Rosales and Coronel Pringles Municipalities, south of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

## History

It gets its name for being a bridge divided into seven sections, six of a type structure "cage" and one "open". It is  in the Paso Mayor of the River Sauce Grande. Its  was built in 1908. It is part of the Rosario Puerto Belgrano Railroad, which crosses from north to south, the south of the Santa Fe Province and all the west of the Buenos Aires Province.

It was used by a railway for the last time in 1977 when the southern section of that railway branch was closed by a decree of the military government.

In the 90 this railway line was leased to the company Ferro Expreso Pampeano S.A..

## Structure

The supports of each end are 266 meters each. Each  has two wings. Each one of the boards of each section rests on six pillars that are in what was the bed of the formerly mighty river.

The entire structure of the bridge, both the "upper rope", "lower rope", "diagonal", "lower bracing", "upper bracing", "poles", "joists", "bolts" and other parts of the bridges were built according to the following generalities:

- Its parts should be accessible for inspection, cleaning, maintenance and repair.
- Its sections should be symmetrical, just like its rivets.
- The support system of the structure is separated from the masonry of the piles.
- Systems of brackets, braces or cords are used, so that the water rejected by the batteries does not cause deterioration in its lower part.

## Declaration of Historical Heritage

In 2010 the Deliberative Council of the Coronel Rosales Municipality declared it "Architectural, Historical and Cultural Heritage". In 2012 it was declared a provincial historical heritage by the legislature of the Buenos Aires Province.

## Controversy

Despite being recently declared historical heritage, it was left without one of its sections, the one used by Ferro Expreso Pampeano (Fepsa) to replace  the damaged one in the Province of Santa Fe that crossed on Route 18 south of Rosario. The National Transportation Regulatory Commission demanded that Fepsa "refrain from carrying out any operation that is not authorized by the competent authority to change all or part of the bridge." Days later, with the withdrawal of the already completed structure, the control body reiterated the request for restitution of the railway material before 30 days and threatened to initiate legal actions.

Finally the bridge was restored to the original place ending the controversy.
Zhantoro Satybaldiyev

**Zhantoro Zholdoshevich Satybaldiyev** (; born 6 January 1956) is a Kyrgyz politician. He was the 15th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 5 September 2012 until 25 March 2014.

## Other websites

- Sputnik.kg
Askar Akayev

**Askar Akayevich Akayev** (; born 10 November 1944) is a retired Kyrgyz politician. He was the 1st President of Kyrgyzstan from 27 October 1990 until 24 March 2005.

In 2005, people disagreed about the result of the election. Some people said the election was unfair. There were protests and Akayev escaped to Russia. He became a professor at Moscow State University.

## Education and early career

Akayev was born in Kyzyl-Bayrak, Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.

## Related pages

- List of scientists from Asia

## Other websites

- Lenta.ru

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Askar Akayev
- **nationality**: Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz
- **image**: Askar Akaev MoscowRia 08-2016 (cropped 2).jpg
- **caption**: Akayev in 2016
- **order**: 1st President of Kyrgyzstan
- **primeminister**: Nasirdin Isanov
 Andrei Iordan <small>(acting)</small>
 Tursunbek Chyngyshev
 Almanbet Matubraimov <small>(acting)</small>
 Apas Jumagulov
 Kubanychbek Jumaliyev
Boris Silayev <small>(acting)</small>
 Jumabek Ibraimov
 Boris Silayev <small>(acting)</small>
 Amangeldy Muraliyev
Kurmanbek Bakiyev
Nikolai Tanayev
- **vicepresident**: Nasirdin Isanov
German Kuznetsov
Feliks Kulov
- **term start**: 27 October 1990
- **term end**: 24 March 2005
()
- **predecessor**: _Position established_
- **successor**: Ishenbai Kadyrbekov <small>(Acting)</small>
- **birth place**: Kyzyl-Bayrak, Chuy, Kyzyl-Bayrak, Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirghiz SSR, Soviet Union
 <small> (now Kyrgyzstan)</small>
- **spouse**: Mayram Akayeva
- **residence**: Moscow, Russia
- **children**: 4, including Bermet Akayeva, Bermet and Aidar Akayev, Aidar
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Forward Kyrgyzstan Party (affiliated)
- **signature**: Askar Akayev Signature.png
- **native name lang**: ky
Annalise Braakensiek

**Annalise Braakensiek** (9 December 1972 –  6 January 2019) was an Australian model, actress, and television presenter. She was born in Sydney. She was known for her role as Claudia Macpherson in the 2000 television series _Pizza_ and on the 2003 movie _Fat Pizza_.

Braakensiek was found dead in her Sydney apartment on 6 January 2019 at the age of 46.
Gene Zwozdesky

**Gene Zwozdesky**,  (July 24, 1948 – January 6, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1993 to 2015, and was the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 2012 to 2015. He was born in Nipawin, Saskatchewan.

Zwozdesky died of cancer in Edmonton, Alberta on January 6, 2019, aged 70.

## Other websites

- Alberta Legislative Assembly biography Gene Zwozdesky
- Edmonton Mill Creek political history, CBC News
Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev

**Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev** (; 19 March 1906 – 22 August 1989) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Yakovlev.

## Other websites

- GlobalSecurity.org
Capital Development Authority (Islamabad)

**Capital Development Authority** (abbreviated as **CDA**), is a public benefit corporation responsible for providing basic services in Islamabad Capital Territory, which may include sanitation, water, streets, the public library, schools, food inspection, fire department, police, ambulance, and other health department issues and transportation. City governments often operate or contract for additional utilities like electricity, gas and cable television. The CDA was established on 14 June 1960 by executive order entitled _Pakistan Capital Regulation_. As of 2016, most of CDA's municipal services and departments have been transferred to the newly created Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation, although CDA is still in charge of estate management, project execution and sector developments.

## Other websites

- CDA Official Website
In the Aeroplane Over the Sea

***In the Aeroplane Over the Sea*** is the second album recorded by Neutral Milk Hotel.  It was released in February 1998. After the album came out and the band finished doing concerts to promote it, the leader of the band named Jeff Mangum became very private and basically disappeared except for one small concert in New Zealand and a reunion tour in the 2010s.

## Sound

The album has many influences. Some of them are folk music, noise rock, and Eastern European music. A wide variety of instruments are played on the album. Some of them are bagpipes, distorted electric guitars, musical saw, accordion, and brass instruments.
Bal Harbour, Florida

**Bal Harbour** is a village of Florida in the United States.
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Baron **Carl _Gustaf_ Emil Mannerheim** (; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Before World War I he was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army. With the Russian Revolution Finland declared independence and Mannerheim led the Whites in the Finnish Civil War. He became Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth President of Finland (1944–1946).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
- **honorific-prefix**: Marshal of Finland Baron
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the Cross of Liberty, VR SR, Order of the White Rose of Finland, SVR SR ketj., Order of the Lion of Finland, SL SR
- **image**: Mannerheim1940.jpg
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: President of Finland
- **term start**: 4 August 1944
- **term end**: 11 March 1946
- **predecessor**: Risto Ryti
- **successor**: Juho Kusti Paasikivi, J. K. Paasikivi
- **primeminister**: Antti Hackzell
Urho Castrén
Juho Kusti Paasikivi, J. K. Paasikivi
- **office2**: Chief of Defence (Finland), Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defense Forces
- **term start2**: 17 October 1939
- **term end2**: 12 January 1945
- **predecessor2**: Hugo Österman (as Commander of the Hosts)
- **successor2**: Axel Heinrichs (as Chief of Defence)
- **term start3**: 25 January 1918
- **term end3**: 30 May 1918
- **predecessor3**: _post created_
- **successor3**: Karl Fredrik Wilkman, Karl Fredrik Wilkama
- **office4**: State Regent of Finland
- **term start4**: 12 December 1918
- **term end4**: 26 July 1919
- **predecessor4**: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, P. E. Svinhufvud
- **successor4**: Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, K. J. Ståhlberg <small>as President of the Republic</small>
- **birth place**: Askainen, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Lausanne, Switzerland
- **resting place**: Hietaniemi cemetery, Helsinki
- **spouse**: Anastasie Arapova (div. 1919)
- **children**: Anastasie Mannerheim (1893–1977)
 Sophie Mannerheim Jr. (1895–1963)
- **relatives**: Carl Robert Mannerheim, Count Carl Robert Mannerheim <small>(father)</small>
Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist), Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim <small>(paternal grandfather)</small>
_See Mannerheim (family), Mannerheim family_
- **profession**: Military officer, wikt:statesman, statesman
- **nationality**: Finnish people, Finnish
- **signature**: CGE Mannerheim autograph.svg
- **allegiance**:

- **branch**: Imperial Russian Army
White Guard (Finland), White Guard
Finnish Army
- **serviceyears**: 1887–1917 (Russia)
1918–1946 (Finland)
- **rank**:  Lieutenant general, Lieutenant General (Russia)
 Field marshal (Finland), Field Marshal (Finland)
Marshal of Finland
- **battles**: Russo-Japanese War
First World War
Finnish Civil War
Second World War
* Winter War
* Continuation War
* Lapland War
DC Universe Online

***DC Universe Online*** is a free to play video game. It has around 18 million users worldwide.

## Reception

DC Universe Online received good reviews. It receive a grade of 7/10 from IGN. The rating further improves to 8/10 after its PlayStation 4 launch.

As of August 2014, the game has 18 million registered users. On gaming platforms PlayStation 3 and 4, the game is free of charge to play. It is the highest profit earning game on those platforms.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: DC Universe Online
- **developer**: Daybreak Game Company
- **publisher**: Daybreak Game Company
 Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, WB Games
- **director**: S.J. Mueller
- **composer**: Gerard Marino
Chad Mossholder
- **writer**: Geoff Johns
- **engine**: Unreal Engine 3
- **released**: **Microsoft Windows**, **PlayStation 3**
January 11, 2011
**PlayStation 4**
November 15, 2013
**Xbox One**
April 29, 2016
- **genre**: Massively multiplayer online game, Massively multiplayer online, Action game, action
- **modes**: Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows
PlayStation 3 (discontinued)
PlayStation 4
Xbox One
Julian Glover

**Julian Wyatt Glover**  (born 27 March 1935) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as General Maximilian Veers in _The Empire Strikes Back_, Aristotle Kristatos in the James Bond movie _For Your Eyes Only_, Walter Donovan in _Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade_, Brian Harcourt-Smith in _The Fourth Protocol_, and Grand Maester Pycelle in _Game of Thrones_. He also voiced the giant spider Aragog in _Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Julian Glover
- **image**: Julian Glover 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Julian Glover in 2014.
- **birth place**: Hampstead, London, England
- **occupation**: Actor
- **birth name**: Julian Wyatt Glover
- **years active**: 1959–present
- **spouse**:

- **children**: Jamie Glover
Sylvia Chase

**Sylvia Belle Chase** (February 23, 1938 – January 3, 2019) was an American broadcast journalist. She was a correspondent for ABC's _20/20_ from 1978 until 1985. She left to become a news anchor at KRON-TV in San Francisco; in 1990 she returned to ABC News in New York.

Chase was born in Northfield, Minnesota. She studied at University of California, Los Angeles. Chase, who was diabetic, died in Belvedere, California on January 3, 2019 from brain cancer, aged 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sylvia Chase
- **image**: ABC News reporter Sylvia Chase in 1983.JPEG
- **caption**: Chase in 1983 prior to a flight in a military plane for a _20/20 (American TV program), 20/20_ segment
- **birth name**: Sylvia Belle Chase
- **birth place**: Northfield, Minnesota, U.S.
- **death place**: Marin County, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: University of California, Los Angeles
- **occupation**: Journalist
Northfield, Minnesota

**Northfield** is a city in Dakota and Rice counties in the State of Minnesota. The city is mostly in Rice County, with a small portion in Dakota County. The population was 20,790 during the 2020 census.
Derek Piggott

**Alan Derek Piggott**  (27 December 1922 – 6 January 2019) was a British aviator. He was best known glider pilots and instructors. He had over 5,000 hours on over 153 types of powered aircraft and over 5,000 hours on over 184 types of glider.

In 1961 he became the first person to make an officially authenticated take-off and flight in a man-powered aircraft.

Piggott died of a stroke, aged 96, on 6 January 2019 in Lasham, Hampshire.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Derek Piggott
- **image**: Derek Piggott.JPG
- **caption**: Derek Piggott in his natural habitat at the Lasham Regional Competition in 2005
- **birth name**: Alan Derek Piggott
- **birth place**: Chadwell Heath, Essex, England
- **death place**: Lasham, Hampshire, England
- **nationality**: England, English
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom
- **occupation**: Aviator, flying instructor and author
W. Morgan Sheppard

**William Morgan Sheppard** (24 August 1932 – 6 January 2019) also known as **Morgan Sheppard** or **W. Morgan Sheppard**, was an English actor. He was born in London. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Sheppard was known for his roles in _Star Trek_, _Max Headroom_ and in _Gods and Generals_.

Sheppard died on 6 January 2019 at his home in Los Angeles, California from cancer, aged 86.
Tom Rukavina

**Thomas Rukavina** (August 23, 1950 – January 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Virginia, Minnesota. He was a member of the Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL). He was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1987 to 2013.

In 2010 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Minnesota, seeking the DFL nomination. He withdrew from the election. He was a St. Louis County commissioner from 2015 to 2018.

Rukavina was arrested on July 31, 2004, for fourth-degree drunk driving with a blood alcohol level of 0.15. He pleaded guilty to the charge.

Rukavina died of leukemia on January 7, 2019 at a hospital in Minneapolis, aged 68.
Chris Tucker

**Christopher Tucker** (born August 31, 1971) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He is known for his roles of Smokey in F. Gary Gray's _Friday_ and as Detective James Carter in Brett Ratner's _Rush Hour_ movie series.

Many years ago, he travelled with Bill Clinton and Kevin Spacey on Jeffrey Epstein's airplane to Africa, and Tucker said in 2021 that he did not know (at the time of travelling) that the plane was owned by a "sex offender".

## Filmography

|Year|Film|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1993|_The Meteor Man_|MC in Hall|Uncredited cameo|
|1994|_House Party 3_|Johnny Booze||
|1995|_Friday_|Smokey|Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo (with Ice Cube)|
|_Panther_|Bodyguard|||
|_Dead Presidents_|Skip|||
|1997|_Money Talks_|Franklin Hatchett|Nominated – Razzie Award for Worst New Star|
|_The Fifth Element_|Ruby Rhod|||
|_Jackie Brown_|Beaumont Livingston|||
|1998|_Rush Hour_|Detective James Carter|Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Duo – Action/Adventure (with Jackie Chan) MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo (with Jackie Chan) Nominated – Image Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated – Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actor Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (with Jackie Chan)|
|2001|_Rush Hour 2_|Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Actor Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor - Comedy MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (with Jackie Chan) Nominated – BET Award for Best Actor Nominated – Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Male Butt Kicker Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Musical Sequence Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Team (with Jackie Chan) Nominated – Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Chemistry (with Jackie Chan)||
|2007|_Rush Hour 3_|Nominated – People's Choice Award for Favorite On-Screen Match-up (with Jackie Chan) Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Fight (with Jackie Chan and Sun Mingming)||
|2012|_ Silver Linings Playbook _|Danny McDaniels|Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture|
|2016|_Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk_|Albert||

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Chris Tucker
- **image**: Chris Tucker Cannes 2018.jpgborder
- **caption**: Tucker in May 2018
- **birth name**: Christopher Tucker
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S.
- **medium**: Stand-up, film, television
- **active**: 1992–present
- **height**: 185 cm
- **spouse**: Azja Pryor (1997–2003)
- **children**: 1
Brett Ratner

**Brett Ratner** (born March 28, 1969) is an American director and producer. He is known for directing the _Rush Hour_ movie series, _The Family Man_, _Red Dragon_, _X-Men: The Last Stand_, and _Tower Heist_.

Ratner is the co-founder of RatPac Entertainment, a movie production and financing company.

On January 19, 2017, Ratner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his works to the motion picture industry.

In November 2017, six women, including actresses Olivia Munn and Natasha Henstridge, accused Ratner of sexual harassment and rape.

## Other websites

- Brett Ratner Cover Story Interview with Aventura Business Monthly
- Brett Ratner Producer Profile for The 1 Second Film
- New York Film Academy School of Film and Acting

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brett Ratner
- **image**: Brett Ratner 2012 Shankbone.JPG
- **caption**: Ratner at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival
- **birth place**: Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
- **occupation**: Director, producer
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **known for**: RatPac-Dune Entertainment, RatPac Entertainment
_Rush Hour (film series), Rush Hour_
_Prison Break_
José Antonio Pujante

**José Antonio Pujante Diekmann** (December 10, 1964 – January 1, 2019) was a Spanish politician and philosophy professor. Pujante was a deputy of the Regional Assembly of Murcia from 2007 until his death in office in 2019. He was born in Villefranche-de-Rouergue, France.

Pujante died of a heart attack on January 1, 2019, in Murcia, Spain at the age of 54.
Bernard Tchoullouyan

**Bernard Tchoullouyan** (12 April 1953 — 6 January 2019) was a French former judoka. He won a world title in 1981 and an Olympic bronze medal in 1980. He was born in Marseille, France.

Tchoullouyan died on 6 January 2019 from a heart attack, at the age of 65.
Grim Fandango

***Grim Fandango*** is an adventure video game made by LucasArts for Windows computers. It was released in October 1998. The game was directed by Tim Schafer.

## Style

The style of the game mixes film noir movies, Mexican folklore, and Aztec beliefs about what happens after death.

## Reviews

It is often called one of the best video games ever made because of its story, characters, writing, and visuals.
Semyon Lavochkin

**Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin** (; 11 September 1900 – 9 June 1960) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Lavochkin.

## Other websites

- GlobalSecurity.org
Li Changchun

**Li Changchun** (; born February 1944) is a retired Chinese politician. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, top decision-making body of People's Republic of China between 2002 and 2012.

## Other websites

- Vitae
Carmencita Reyes

**Carmencita Ongsiako Reyes** (November 9, 1931 – January 7, 2019) was a Filipino politician and jurist. She was an Assemblywoman from 1985 to 1986, Congresswoman of Marinduque from 1978 to 1998 and 2007 to 2010, as well as governor from 1998 to 2007 and 2010 to her death.

Reyes died on January 7, 2019 in Manila at the age of 87.
John Mendelsohn

**John Mendelsohn** (August 31, 1936 – January 7, 2019) was an American physician. He was President of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. He was MD Anderson President from 1996 to 2011.

After his retirement in 2011, Mendelsohn remained on the faculty as co-director of the new Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy. He was a senior fellow in health and technology at the Baker Institute. Mendelsohn was only the third full-time president of MD Anderson.

Mendelsohn died on January 7, 2019 from glioblastoma in Houston, aged 82.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: John Mendelsohn.jpg
- **birth place**: Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
Harold Demsetz

**Harold Demsetz** (; May 31, 1930 – January 4, 2019) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Demsetz was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a director of the Mont Pelerin Society, and a past (1996) president of the Western Economics Association.

He was known for his works in the Nirvana fallacy.

Demsetz died on January 4, 2019 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Harold Demsetz
- **school tradition**: New institutional economics
- **image**: demsetzatgmu.jpg
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **institution**: University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA
University of Chicago
- **field**: Managerial economics
- **alma mater**: Northwestern University
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois
- **influences**: Frank Knight
Armen Alchian
Ronald Coase
Aaron Director
George Stigler
- **contributions**: Nirvana fallacy
- **repec prefix**: e
- **repec id**: pde131
Birdsong, Arkansas

**Birdsong** is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Birdsong, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:Mississippi County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Birdsong Highlighted 0506340.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Mississippi County, Arkansas
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: Mississippi County, Arkansas, Mississippi
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.52
- **area total sq mi**: 0.20
- **area land km2**: 0.52
- **area land sq mi**: 0.20
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 223
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 32
- **population density km2**: 61.25
- **population density sq mi**: 158.42
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 72386 (Tyronza, Arkansas, Tyronza)
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-06340
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2405267
Big Flat, Arkansas

**Big Flat** is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Big Flat, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:Baxter County and Searcy County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Big Flat Highlighted 0505980.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Big Flat in Baxter and Searcy Counties, Arkansas.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, Counties
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: Baxter County, Arkansas, Baxter, Searcy County, Arkansas, Searcy
- **area total km2**: 2.78
- **area total sq mi**: 1.07
- **area land km2**: 2.76
- **area land sq mi**: 1.07
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **elevation ft**: 1253
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 88
- **population density km2**: 31.85
- **population density sq mi**: 82.47
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 72617
- **area code**: Area code 870, 870
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-05980
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2405261
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Edwin Erickson

**Edwin B. "Ted" Erickson** (1938 – January 7, 2019) was an American politician and businessman. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but raised in Bryn Mawr. He was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania Senate, representing the 26th District from 2001 to 2015.

Erickson died on January 7, 2019 in Reading, Pennsylvania, aged 80.
Doddie Weir

**George Wilson** "**Doddie**" **Weir** (4 July 1970 – 26 November 2022) was a Scottish rugby union player. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He played as a lock. He made 61 international appearances for the Scotland national team from 1990 to 2000.

In June 2017, Weir announced he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (ALS) in order to promote Global MND Awareness Day which caused his death on 26 November 2022.
Jeremy London

**Jeremy Michael London** (born November 7, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for his regular roles on _Party of Five_, _7th Heaven_, and _I'll Fly Away_, a starring role the 1995 comedy film _Mallrats_, as well as a notable supporting role in the Civil War epic _Gods and Generals_. London made his directorial debut with the 2013 horror film _The Devil's Dozen_, in which he also appeared.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jeremy London
- **image**: Jeremy London.jpg
- **birth name**: Jeremy Michael London
- **birth place**: San Diego, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **spouse**: Astrid Rohl (1996–?)
Melissa Cunningham (2006–2011) divorced 1 child
 Juliet Reeves (m. 2014) 1 child
- **relatives**: Jason London (twin brother)
- **children**: 2
Khas Rajput

**Khas Rajput** (Devanagari: खस राजपूत) is a  community among Khas people who are Rajputs (warrior-ruler). The term is popularly denoted to Khas people who follow Hindu tradition in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is used very less in Nepal and is replaced by the term Chhetri.

## History

Traditionally, the Khas people were divided into "Khas Brahmins" (also called Bahuns in Nepal) and "Khas Rajputs" (also called Chhetris in Nepal). In Garhwal regions of Uttarakhand in India, the Khas Brahmins and Khas Rajputs had a lower social status than the other Brahmins and Rajputs. However, in present-day western Nepal, and in Uttarakhand they had the same status as the other Brahmins and Rajputs, possibly as a result of their political power in the Khasa Malla kingdom.

Khas Rajputs in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand are historically accepted as army recruits for the hill Rajas. In Uttarakhand, Gharwal region there are two general divisions of Rajputs -  Asal Rajput and Khas Rajput. Asal Rajput are the immigrants of the lowlands of India while Khas Rajput are children of the local Khas population. Now there is no such divisions.

They have been connected to the  Khasas mentioned in the ancient Hindu literature. Historian Bal Krishna Sharma and Dor Bahadur Bista speculates that the Khas people were of Indo-European origin. Historian Baburam Acharya speculates that Khas are a sub-clan of Aiḍa, an Arya clan originated at Idavritt (modern day Kashmir).  Khas were living in the Idavaritt in the 3rd millennium B.C.E. and the original meaning of the term Khas was Raja or Kshatriya (Yoddha). He further speculates that Kashmir has been named from its local residents Khas as Khasmir. In the 2nd millennium B.C.E., one group of Khas migrated towards Iran while the other group migrated east of Sutlej river settling only in the hill regions up to Bheri River. Historian Balkrishna Pokhrel contends that Khas were not the Vedic Aryans but Aryans of latter period like the Gurjara, Darada, Shaka, Pallava and Pisacha. He further asserts that post-Vedic Aryans were akin to Vedic Aryans in terms of language and culture.

## Gaddis

Like the Khasi people, the Gaddis are also a community. They are a semi-nomadic community, consisting of several castes (Brahmins, Rajputs, Khatris, etc.). This community primarily resides in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. It is believed that they fled from Rajasthan to preserve their religion and purity. Their complexion is quite similar to that of the Rajputs of Rajasthan. Gaddi Rajput are themselves considered descendants of the Gadhvi rulers of Rajasthan. While according to some other sources, they are related to the Kshatriya people of the Hindu Shahi dynasty who fled to the Himalayas after being defeated by foreign invaders.
Douglas DC-2

**Douglas DC-2** was an American 14 seat, twin-engined airliner designed by Douglas. The DC-2 inspired the much more successful DC-3.
Douglas DC-3

**Douglas DC-3** is an American fixed-wing, propeller airliner designed by Douglas. It was very successful, with 607 DC-3s being built. Even today, some companies still use DC-3’s despite better jet planes being for sale.

It was basically a longer version of Douglas’s earlier airplane, the DC-2. It was revolutionary to the airplane market when the DC-3 started being built in 1936, as it could fly farther than most aircraft at the time.

During WW2, a military version of the DC-3 known as the C-47 “Skytrain” was the primary transport of the US Military. It was used in major events like D-Day.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: DC-3
- **image**: File:Douglas DC-3, SE-CFP.jpg
- **caption**: A DC-3 operated in period Scandinavian Airlines colors by _Flygande Veteraner_ flying over Lidingö, Sweden (1989)


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Airliner and transport aircraft
- **national origin**: United States
- **manufacturer**: Douglas Aircraft Company
- **first flight**: December 17, 1935
- **introduced**: 1936
- **status**: In service
- **produced**: 1936–1942, 1950
- **number built**: 607
- **developed from**: Douglas DC-2
- **variants with their own articles**: Douglas C-47 Skytrain
Lisunov Li-2
Showa/Nakajima L2D
Basler BT-67
Conroy Turbo-Three
Conroy Tri-Turbo-Three
Lisunov Li-2

**Lisunov Li-2** (Russian: Лисунов Ли-2) was a Soviet transport aircraft developed by Lisonov.
Boris Lisunov

**Boris Pavlovich Lisunov** (; 19 August 1898 – 3 November 1946) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Lisunov.

## Other websites

- PomniPro.ru
Vowel length

**Vowel length** is a feature in languages when how long a vowel is spoken in a word can create a completely different word. Although this is a feature in many languages like Japanese, Arabic, Hawaiian, Classical Latin, and Thai, there are also many languages that do not have this feature.

An example of this would be the Japanese words _chizu_, which has a short vowel (a vowel spoken for a short time), and _chīzu_, which has a long vowel (a vowel spoken for a long time). The only difference that can be heard is how long the vowel "I" is spoken. The amount of time the vowel is spoken could create two entirely different words. _Chizu_ means "map", while _chīzu_ "cheese".

When using IPA, this symbol ***' is used to show that the vowel before it is a long vowel. For example, _chizu_ in IPA is written as /t͡ɕizɯ/, but _chīzu_ is written as /t͡ɕi:zɯ/. This symbol is like a colon (***'), but it is really two triangles, while a colon is two circles.

While Old English had **vowel lengthening**, most modern dialects of English do not. For example, the words _God_ and _good_ used to have the same vowel sound, but the vowel in _good (_/go:d/), which was a long vowel, was said longer than it was in _God_ (_/_god_/)_, which was a short vowel. Although the vowel sounds in Modern English are very different than in Old English, readers can often get an idea of how vowels used to sound like based on an English word's spelling, which often shows words' historical roots rather than their current pronunciation. Long vowels in Old English could be written with a bar on top of the vowel like in _gōd_ (good)_._ Later, during the days of Middle English, spellings used to spell long vowels included spelling with two vowels together like in _book_ or _break_ and putting a silent "E" at the end of the word like in _hate_. These vowels were all long vowels until the Great Vowel Shift in English, in which the vowel sounds in English changed to sound very differently from before.

Classical Latin had both vowel and consonant lengthening, and long vowels had a macron, or a straight horizontal line, written above them. In Classical Latin, _ānus (_/ˈaː.nus/), _annus (_/ˈan.nus/), and _anus_ (/ˈa.nus/) were all different words. _Ānus_ means "buttocks", _annus_ means year, and _anus_ means old woman. Today, none of the Romance languages, the languages that are daughter languages of Latin, can distinguish words by vowel length, though Italian can distinguish words by consonant length: /anno/ "year", /ano/ "anus". Italian also has vowel lengthening in accented syllables ending in a vowel, but vowel length cannot make the difference between two words as it could in Latin.
Sound change

A **sound change** in a language is when the sounds of the language become different over time in historical linguistics. Since people of different languages or dialects often talk to each other, the way people talk becomes more like the way the others talk. Because of this, it is natural for languages to sound differently overtime. Sometimes it happens slowly, while in other times it happens quickly.

An example of a sound change in English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all of the long vowel sounds in Middle English changed into what they are today. This is why the way English is spelled is so differently from how it is spoken.

Spelling systems that do not change with the sound changes of a language are often more difficult for a learner to learn how to read in that language. These kinds of spellings are called fossilized spellings. These include spelling systems like English, French, Mongolian script, and Thai. All of these spelling systems have changed little for the past few hundred years, even though their spoken languages sound very different from how they used to sound. Spelling systems that change with the sound changes are often easier for a  learner to learn how to read. These languages include Japanese, Turkish, and German.

Another much smaller sound shift in many dialects of English is the cot-caught merger, where words with lower back vowels like in _cot_ and _caught_ sound exactly the same to native speakers of certain English dialects and are spoken without any difference between the two sounds.
Mongolian script

**Mongolian script** was the first writing system to be used to write the Mongolian language. It is similar to the Arabic alphabet in that it is a cursive writing system, or a writing system where all the letters in a word always touch each other and change depending on if the letter is at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. It is a vertically written system, meaning that it is written top-to-bottom, and it is the only vertical writing system to be read left-to-right (all other vertical systems, like Chinese and Korean, are right-to-left). It is one of the two writing systems used to write the Mongolian language, alongside Cyrillic, in the independent country of Mongolia (which is sometimes called Outer Mongolia to distinguish it from Inner Mongolia) and the only writing system used to write the language in the Chinese autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Unlike Arabic, and Old Uyghur, the Traditional Mongolian script and its variants are an abugida and brahmic script. It is also used to write several other Mongolic and Tungustic languages such as Buryat, Kalmyk, Oirat, Manchu, and Xibe.

It is believed that the reason why Mongolian script is vertical is so that it could easily be written on the neck of a horse, which horses were a very important part of Mongolian culture. In the year 1208, Genghis Khan captured a Uighur scribe named Tatar-Tonga and forced him to make the alphabet of his native language, the Old Uyghr alphabet, be used to write the Mongolian language. It did not fit the Mongolian language well, and it was difficult to learn even for native Mongolian speakers.

In 1941, a few decades after Mongolia became a communist state, the Cyrillic alphabet replaced Mongolian script likely due to influence from their communist ally, the Soviet Union. After the fall of communism,  Mongolia made Mongolian script official alongside Cyrillic to revive Mongolian culture. However, Cyrillic is still more common due to the lack of education in Mongolian writing, the lack of money to support it, and the difficulty of typing Mongolian on a computer. Also, more Mongolians can read Cyrillic than Mongolian script.  In Inner Mongolia, on the other hand, most ethnic Mongols do not know Cyrillic and can only read Mongolian in the Mongolian script.
Autonomous regions of China

**Autonomous regions of China** (自治区) are areas with very large numbers of ethnic minorities living in them. Their local government is similar to a province, but unlike provinces, minority languages are often co-official alongside the Chinese language, and some laws are written to meet the needs of the minority groups. China's five autonomous regions are the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (East Turkestan), and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Their shortened names are Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Ningxia respectively. The largest minority group in each region are the Zhuang, the Mongol, the Tibetan, the Uighur, and the Hui people respectively.
Manchu language

The **Manchu language** (Manchu: , manju gisun) is a Tungusic language and it was the native language of the Manchu people before and during the Qing dynasty. The Manchus are the ethnic minority in China that overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and took over the country. When they ruled, they formed the Qing dynasty. Manchu uses a version of the Mongolian script that was changed to better suit the language. For the first 200 years, it was the official language in the courts, although commoners still spoke Chinese. However, during the mid-1800s, it became more common for the Manchu nobles to speak Chinese as their first language. As a matter of fact, China's last emperor, Aisin Gioro Puyi, knew very little Manchu and spoke Chinese as his first language. Nonetheless, Manchu was still written alongside Chinese in official documents until the end of Imperial China. Even though China today has 10 million Manchus, only 20 people speak Manchu today. This makes Manchu a critically endangered language. Almost all Manchus today speak Mandarin Chinese as their first language.
Early Modern English

**Early Modern English** (**EModE** or **EMnE**) or **Early New English** (**ENE**) is the stage of the English language in the 16th and the 17th centuries, from the Tudor period to the Restoration when written and spoken English begins to be familiar to English-speakers today, who use Modern English.

The King James Bible was translated to and William Shakespeare wrote his plays in Early Modern English. What sets Early Modern English apart from Middle English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all long vowel sounds changed to their current sounds.

Before and after the accession of James I to the English throne in 1603, the English standard began to influence the spoken and written Middle Scots of Scotland.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Early Modern English
- **altname**: Shakespeare's English, King James English
- **nativename**: English
- **image**: File:Sonnet 132 1609.jpg
- **imagecaption**: William Shakespeare's Sonnet 132 in the 1609 Quarto
- **region**: England, Wales, Scottish Lowlands, Ireland and English overseas possessions
- **era**: developed into Modern English in the late 17th century
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Germanic languages, Germanic
- **fam3**: West Germanic languages, West Germanic
- **fam4**: Ingvaeonic languages, North Sea Germanic
- **fam5**: Anglo-Frisian languages, Anglo-Frisian
- **fam6**: Anglic languages, Anglic
- **ancestor**: Proto-Indo-European
- **ancestor2**: Proto-Germanic
- **ancestor3**: Old English
- **ancestor4**: Middle English
- **isoexception**: historical
- **iso6**: emen
- **glotto**: none
- **notice**: IPA
- **ietf**: en-emodeng
Zuma (album)

***Zuma*** is the seventh album by Neil Young. It was released in November 1975.
On Avery Island

***On Avery Island*** is the first album by Neutral Milk Hotel. It was released on March 26, 1996 by Merge Records.
Kuroko's Basketball

***Kuroko's Basketball***, known in Japan as , is a Japanese sports manga series created by Tadatoshi Fujimaki. It was published in _Weekly Shōnen Jump_ from December 2008 to September 2014. An anime television series based on this manga was produced by Production I.G. It began airing in 2012. A second season of the anime began airing in October 2013 and a third season began airing in January 2015. An anime movie based on _Kuroko's Basketball: Extra Game_ manga premiered in Japan on March 18, 2017.

_Kuroko's Basketball_ was the third highest selling manga series of 2013. In 2013, around 8,761,081 copies of this manga were sold.

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: Kuroko's Basketball
- **ja kanji**: 黒子のバスケ
- **ja romaji**: Kuroko no Basuke
- **genre**: Comedy, sports


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Tadatoshi Fujimaki
- **publisher**: Shueisha
- **demographic**: _Shōnen manga, Shōnen_
- **imprint**: Jump Comics
- **magazine**: Weekly Shōnen Jump
- **first**: December 8, 2008
- **last**: September 1, 2014
- **volumes**: 30
- **volume list**: List of Kuroko's Basketball chapters


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: light novel
- **author**: Sawako Hirabayashi
- **illustrator**: Tadatoshi Fujimaki
- **publisher**: Shueisha
- **demographic**: _Shōnen_
- **first**: March 4, 2011
- **last**: May 2, 2014
- **volumes**: 5


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Shunsuke Tada
- **writer**: Noburo Takagi
- **music**: Ryosuke Nakanishi
R・O・N
Alpha Eastman
Yoshihiro Ike <small>(seasons 2–3)</small>
- **studio**: Production I.G
- **network**: Mainichi Broadcasting System, MBS, Tokyo MX, Nippon BS Broadcasting, BS11
- **first**: April 7, 2012
- **last**: June 30, 2015
- **episodes**: 75
- **episode list**: List of Kuroko's Basketball episodes


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **title**: Kuroko's Basketball: Extra Game
- **author**: Tadatoshi Fujimaki
- **publisher**: Shueisha
- **demographic**: _Shōnen_
- **magazine**: Weekly Shōnen Jump#Jump Next!, Jump Next!
- **first**: December 29, 2014
- **last**: March 3, 2016
- **volumes**: 2


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: film series
- **title**: Kuroko's Basketball: Winter Cup Compilation
- **director**: Shunsuke Tada
- **writer**: Noburo Takagi
- **music**: Yoshihiro Ike
- **studio**: Production I.G
- **released**: September 3, 2016 <small>(Part 1)</small>
October 8, 2016 <small>(Part 2)</small>
December 3, 2016 <small>(Part 3)</small>
- **runtime**: 90 minutes <small>(Part 1)</small>
88 minutes <small>(Part 2)</small>
90 minutes <small>(Part 3)</small>


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: film
- **title**: Kuroko's Basketball The Movie: Last Game
- **director**: Shunsuke Tada
- **music**: Yoshihiro Ike
- **studio**: Production I.G
- **released**: March 18, 2017
- **runtime**: 90 minutes


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Jonas Furrer

**Jonas Furrer** (3 March 1805 – 25 July 1861) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1848–1861) and Radical Party.
Datto, Arkansas

**Datto** is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Datto, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Datto-entrance-ar.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Entrance along U.S. Route 67 in Arkansas, U.S. Route 67
- **image map**: File:Clay County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Datto Highlighted 0517410.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Datto in Clay County, Arkansas.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: Clay County, Arkansas, Clay
- **area total km2**: 1.61
- **area total sq mi**: 0.62
- **elevation ft**: 289
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 65
- **population density km2**: 40.42
- **population density sq mi**: 104.67
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 72424
- **area code**: Area code 870, 870
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-17410
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2406356
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Airbus A310 MRTT

**Airbus A310 MRTT** is a aerial fulet tanker developed from Airbus A310.
Urbie Green

**Urban Clifford "Urbie" Green** (August 8, 1926December 31, 2018) was an American jazz trombonist. He toured with Woody Herman, Gene Krupa, Jan Savitt, and Frankie Carle. The 1980s and beyond saw a slowing down of Urbie Green's recording career. Both albums recorded by him during this period are live, straight jazz works; _Just Friends_, and _Sea Jam Blues_. In 1995 he was elected into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.

Green died in Hellertown, Pennsylvania from congestive heart failure on December 31, 2018, aged 92.

## Other websites

- – Official Web Site
- Urbie Green at the Trombone Page of the World
- A Tribute to Urbie Green
- Biography at Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame
- Biography at WindSong Press
- Profile at Verve Music
- Official website of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame
- https://www.poconorecord.com/obituaries/20190105/urban-clifford-urbie-green

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Urbie Green
- **image**: Urbiegreen.jpg
- **caption**: Urbie Green at the Village Jazz Lounge in Walt Disney World (photo by Laura Kolb)
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Urban Clifford Green
- **alias**: Urbie Green
- **birth place**: Mobile, Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- **death place**: Hellertown, Pennsylvania, Hellertown, Pennsylvania, United States
- **instrument**: Trombone
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Musician
- **label**: Vanguard Records, Vanguard, Bethlehem Records, Bethlehem, Paramount Records, Paramount, Command Records, Command, Project 3
- **associated acts**: Woody Herman, Gene Krupa, Jan Savitt, Frankie Carle, many others