juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Xenoturbella

***Xenoturbella*** is a genus of bilaterian animals; it contains two marine worm-like species. The first known species was discovered in 1915 but was only described in 1949. A 2003 DNA study has shown it is a primitive deuterostome phylum. The genus was the first member of its subphylum (the **Xenoturbellida**) to be discovered.

This phylum is basal within the deuterostomes. It is related to the Acoelomorpha, forming a sister clade to the echinoderms and hemichordates. Other members of this phylum are now known.

_Xenoturbella_ has a very simple body plan: it has no brain, no through gut, no excretory system, no organized gonads (but does have gametes), or any other organs except for a statocyst containing flagellated cells. It has cilia and a diffuse nervous system. The animal is up to  long, and has been found off the coasts of Sweden, Scotland and Iceland.

The association of specimens of _Xenoturbella_ with mollusc larva has led many to suggest that they are molluscivores. However, another idea is that the _Xenoturbella_ larval stage develops as an internal parasite of certain molluscs.

The genus _Xenoturbella_ contains two species:
- _Xenoturbella bocki_
- _Xenoturbella westbladi_

## Other websites

- A PCR survey of _Xenoturbella bocki_ Hox genes
- Movie of adult _Xenoturbella bocki_
Okayama, Okayama

is the capital city  of Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

It is a core city in Japan.

## Related pages

- Fagiano Okayama
- Okayama Prefectural Museum

## Other websites

- http://www.city.okayama.jp/english/index.html ; [http://www.city.okayama.jp/ ]
Okayama

**Okayama** often means Okayama, Okayama, the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in Japan.

It may also mean:

## Locations

- Okayama Castle, a castle in the city of Okayama
- Okayama Domain, a Japanese feudal domain of the Edo period
- Okayama Prefecture, a prefecture in Japan

## Education

- Okayama University, a national university

## Sports

- Fagiano Okayama, a football (soccer) club

## Other

- 2084 Okayama, a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1935 by S. Arend
- , also known as Kang Il-Sung (), a Japanese football (soccer) player
Cycliophora

The **Cycliophora** are a platyzoan phylum, based on a single genus ***Symbion***. They are so different from other animals that they were put in their own phylum. They were discovered in 1995, and are the most recent new phylum. So far, three species of Cycliophora have been found on cold-water lobsters, although only two—_Symbion pandora_ and _Symbion americanus_—have been formally described. The third species, observed on the European lobster (_Homarus gammarus_), remains undescribed and unnamed pending further taxonomic analysis.

They are microscopic: the feeding stage is about 0.3 mm long, and 0.1 mm wide.

Their life style is commensal, (a form of symbiosis) – they feed on the leftovers from the lobster's own meals.

## Life stages

They have three different body forms, and a two-stage life-cycle.
- **Asexual Feeding Stage** – at this stage, the tiny animal is neither male or female. On the posterior end of the sac-like body is a stalk with an adhesive disc, which attaches itself to the host. On the anterior end is a ciliated funnel (mouth) and an anus.
- **Sexual Stage** – these are even smaller than the feeding stage.
    - **Male** – Has no mouth or anus, which shows the absence of a digestive system. It also has two reproductive organs.
    - **Female** – Has a digestive system which collapses and reconstitutes itself as a larva.

## Reproduction

_Symbion_ can reproduce both asexually by budding and sexually. In sexual reproduction the male attaches to a feeding stage and impregnates a budding female. The female then separates from the feeding stage and attaches herself to another host, where the larva in her develops. The female dies, and the larva escapes.

The sexual reproductive cycle is triggered when the host crustacean molts its 'shell' (exoskeleton) in order to grow.
Marksistskaya

**Marksistskaya** is a station of Moscow metro, Kalininskaya Line. It is situated between Tretyakonskaya and Ploshad Il'icha stations. It Was opened on 30 December 1979. It is connected with two other stations - Taganskaya-koltsevaya and Taganskaya-Radialnaya. The station is about  under the ground. It has only one exit - to Marksistskaya Street (or Taganskaya, if you cross Marksistskaya street).
Meiju Suvas

**Meiju Suvas** (born: January 22, 1959 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish singer. Her debut album sold 60,000 copies in Finland. It was certified Platinum in that country. She also recorded "Kielletty Rakkaus", which was a tribute song to American singer Selena who originally recorded the song as "Amor Prohibido" (Forbidden Love).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Meiju Suvas
- **image**: Meiju 2017 09.jpg
- **caption**: Meiju Suvas in 2017
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Merja Annele Suvas-Berger
- **birth place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **label**: Universal Music Group, Universal Music Finland
Pachuca

**Pachuca** (officially "Pachuca de Soto") is the capital city of the state of Hidalgo, in Mexico. It is also the capital of the municipality named Pachuca.

Pachuca's nickname is "The Windy Beauty" or "Bride of the Wind", because in the city there are seasons where the winds are very strong. Even local legend is depicted on a monument (the monument of the victory of the wind).

The city has a soccer club "Pachuca". It has a traditional dish called "paste" which consists of a small pie filled with a mixture of chopped potatoes, ground beef and spicy. It has a clock tower dedicated to the Mexican War of Independence.
Jules Perrot

**Jules-Joseph Perrot** (18 August 1810 – 29 August 1892) was a French dancer and choreographer. Perrot was born in Lyon, France, and studied with Auguste Vestris. He debuted at the Paris Opéra in 1830, and became _premier sujet_ (principal dancer) within a year. He became Carlotta Grisi's lover in 1836, and choreographed most of her role in _Giselle_ in 1841. He passed six years creating ballets for Her Majesty's Theatre in London. He was appointed ballet master for the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, and remained there until 1858. He returned to Paris, and retired in 1864, although he taught classes at the Opéra for many years. Perrot died on 29 August 1892. He created some of the most famous ballets of the 19th century including _Pas de Quatre_, _La Esmeralda_, _Ondine_, and _Giselle_.

## References

- Encyclopedia Britannica: Jules Perrot
- Garfunkel, Trudy. 2002. _On Wings of Joy_. e-reads. 0-7592-2862-0.

## Other websites

- The _Grand Pas des Naiads_ from the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet's revival of Perrot's _Ondine_, music by Cesare Pugni, choreography by Pierre Lacotte

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jules Perrot
- **image**: Jules Perrot -circa 1850.JPG
- **caption**: Jules Perrot, circa 1850
- **birth name**: Jules-Joseph Perrot
- **birth date**: 18 August 1810
- **birth place**: Lyon, France
- **death date**: 18 August 1892
- **death place**: Paramé
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: Dancer
Choreographer
- **partner**: Carlotta Grisi
Kashiba, Nara

is a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan.

## History

The city was founded on October 1, 1991.

### Surrounding municipalities

- Nara Prefecture
    - Kanmaki
    - Katsuragi
    - Kōryō
    - Ōji
    - Yamatotakada
- Ōsaka Prefecture
    - Habikino
    - Kashiwara
    - Taishi

## Population

From Japanese census data,

|1995|2000|2005|2010|2015|2020|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|56,739|63,487|70,998|75,227|77,561|78,113|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kashiba
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Kashiba city-office.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Kashiba City Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Kashiba, Nara.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Kashiba, Nara.svg
- **image map**: Kashiba in Nara Prefecture Ja.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: Kashiba in Nara Prefecture
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Kazushi Mihashi
- **area total km2**: 24.26
- **population total**: 78,113
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 3,220
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 639-0292
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 29210-9
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0745-76-2001
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1397 Honmachi, Kashiba-shi, Nara-ken
Miyaki, Saga

is a town in Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is the first town in Saga to have its name spelled in _hiragana_, not _kanji_. _Miyaki_ is the name of the town and the town's district.

## Geography

Miyaki is in the eastern part of Saga Prefecture. It is about  east of Saga City and  south of Fukuoka.

## Other websites

- Miyaki official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Miyaki
- **settlement type**: Towns of Japan, Town
- **image skyline**: Nakabaru Branch of Miyaki Town Hall 20170216-3.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Miyaki Town Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Miyaki, Saga.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Miyaki, Saga.svg
- **image map**: Miyaki in Saga Prefecture Ja.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: Location in Saga Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Japan
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Japan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Miyaki District, Saga, Miyaki
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Tsuyoshi Oka
- **area total km2**: 51.92
- **population total**: 25,511
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 491.4
- **utc offset**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 849-0113
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code
- **area code**: 41346-1
Matsusaka

, sometimes called **Matsuzaka**, is a city in central Mie Prefecture. It is on the island of Honshū, Japan.  The city is famous for its Matsusaka beef.

## Famous people

- Mitsui Takatoshi (三井高利) (1622–1694) - founder of the Mitsui group.
- Motoori Norinaga (本居宣長) (1730–1801) - scholar of the Edo period whose teachings were based on the kokugaku, the rejection all foreign, particularly Chinese, influence on Japanese culture.
- Kana Nishino (西野カナ) (1989-) - J-pop/R&B singer
Primera División de Costa Rica

**Primera División de Costa Rica** is a league for association football clubs in Costa Rica. It is the country's top football competition. The division has 12 clubs. The seasons are separated by two single tournaments each year, the Apertura, from July to December, and the Clausura, from January to May. So there are two champions each season with teams playing anywhere from 32 to 44 games each totalling 412 games in the season.

The league was created on 13 June 1921 following an invitation from Guatemala to Costa Rica to participate in its Centenary Games.

## Other websites

- UNAFUT - Primera Division
- Federación Costarricense de Fútbol (Federation of Costa Rican Football)
Nagakute

is a Japanese city in Aichi Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It is known as the site of the 2005 World Exposition.

The Toyota Automobile Museum is in Nagakute.

### Timeline

- **1584** (_Tenshō 12_):
- **2005** (_Heisei 17_): Expo 2005 World Exposition

## Geography

Nagakute is to the east of Nagoya.

## Related pages

- Seto, Aichi

## Other websites

- Nagakute City Homepage (in Japanese, select English)
- Aichi Shukutoku University
L.D. Alajuelense

**Liga Deportiva Alajuelense** (L.D.A.), is a Costa Rican football club that plays in the Primera División de Costa Rica. It was created on 18 June 1919. The team is located in Alajuela and they play their local games at the Estadio Alejandro Morera Soto.

They are the only club in Costa Rica football history with at least one Championship won in each decade. It also shares along with CS Herediano being the only team that has never descended nor played in the Second or Third division.

## Notable coaches

- Jorge Luis Solera
    - Alejandro Morera Soto "El Mago del Balón"
    - Salvador Soto "El Indio Buroy"
    - José Luis Rojas "Chime"
    - Hugo Tassara
    - Eduardo Viso Abella
    - Juan Colecchio
    - Iván Mraz
    - Odir Jacques
    - Alvaro Grant McDonald

- Jan Postulka
    - Jorge Olguín
    - Valdeir Vieira "Badu"
    - Manuel Keosseian "Manolo"
    - Guilherme Farinha
    - Jorge Luis Pinto
    - Javier Delgado
    - Rodrigo Kenton
    - Oscar Ramirez

### National

- **Costa Rican Championship: 29**
    - 1928, 1939, 1941, 1945, 1949, 1950, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1970, 1971, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, Invierno 2010, Verano 2011, Invierno 2011, Verano 2012, Invierno 2013

- Runner-up (20):
    - 1930, 1938, 1944, 1952, 1957, 1962, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2007–08, 2008 (Apertura), 2009 (Clausura)

**Costa Rican Short-Tournament Championships:**

- **Apertura (6):** 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2010, 2011
- **Clausura (7):** 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2011
- **Copa Argentor (1):** 1928 (One of the oldest and important titles of Costa Rica, since in this tournament the clubs participated of first, second and third divisions of the country eliminating itself to each other)
- **Copa de Campeones del Futbol Nacional (1):** 1967

**Tournament Cups**

- **3 Costa Rican Great Britain Cup**
- **1 Costa Rican Tournament Cup**
Song Ik-pil

**Song Ik-pil** (, February 10 1534 - August 8 1599), also known as **Unjang**,  was a Korean scholar, writer, politician, and Neo-Confucian philosopher of the Joseon period.

His nickname was Gubong (구봉, 龜峰) and Hyeonseung (현승, 玄繩).

## Works

- Gubongjip (구봉집, 龜峰集)
- Hyunseungjip (현승집, 玄繩集)
- Garyejuseol (가례주설, 家禮註說)
- Hyeonseungpyeon (현승편, 玄繩編)

## Related pages

- Yi I
- Kim Jip
- Kim Jang-saeng
- Baik In-geol
- Ahn Bang-jun
- Kim Yuk
- Seong Hon

## Other websites

- 송익필  at Naver.com 
- http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=5067
Ben Kingsley

**Sir Ben Kingsley** (born **Krishna Pandit Bhanji**; 31 December 1943) is a British actor. He was born in Snainton, North Yorkshire, England. His father was an Indian who was born in Kenya. He is best known for his role as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in _Gandhi_, for which he won an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award. The first movie he acted in was _Fear Is the Key_ in 1972.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Ben Kingsley
- **image**: Ben Kingsley by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Kingsley at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: Krishna Pandit Bhanji
- **birth place**: Snainton, North Riding of Yorkshire, Yorkshire, England
- **years active**: 1966–present
- **occupation**: Actor
- **children**: 4, including Ferdinand Kingsley
Samantha Fox

**Samantha Karen Fox** (born 15 April 1966) is a British singer, actress and former glamour model. She was born in London. She has sold over thirty million records all over the world and has performed in many movies and television programs. She was very popular in the 1980s and early 1990s. She came out in 2003 and stated that she is in a lesbian relationship. In 2009 she stated her intention to enter into a civil partnership with her manager, Myra Stratton. Fox was a contestant in the 2009 series of _I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!_.
Night of the Hurricane

***Night of the Hurricane*** is a three-part crossover event in the _Animation Domination_ block on Fox. It included three animated series created by Seth MacFarlane - _Family Guy_, _American Dad!_, and _The Cleveland Show_.

The episodes were originally going to be broadcast on May 1, 2011. However, after the 2011 Super Outbreak, a series of tornadoes that killed many people in the Southern United States, Fox decided not to broadcast it on that day. They broadcast rerun episodes of the three shows instead. The three new episodes were broadcast in the next season.

## Infobox (television movie)

- **name**: Night of the Hurricane
- **image**: Night of the Hurricane.jpg
- **caption**: The crossover event involves three series created by Seth MacFarlane
- **format**: Animation
Comedy
- **runtime**: 90 minutes
- **creator**: Seth MacFarlane
- **director**: Ron Rubio ("The Hurricane!")
Brian Iles ("Seahorse Seashell Party")
Tim Parsons ("Hurricane!")
- **producer**: Seth MacFarlane
- **writer**: Kirker Butler ("The Hurricane!")
Wellesley Wild ("Seahorse Seashell Party")
Erik Sommers ("Hurricane!")
- **starring**: Mike Henry (voice actor), Mike Henry
Sanaa Lathan
Kevin Michael Richardson
Reagan Gomez-Preston
Edward Asner
John Slattery
Ariana Huffington
Seth MacFarlane
Alex Borstein
Seth Green
Mila Kunis
Phil LaMarr
Ioan Gruffudd
Wendy Schaal
Rachael MacFarlane
Scott Grimes
Dee Bradley Baker
Lisa Edelstein
Kristen Schaal
- **music**: Walter Murphy ("The Hurricane", "Hurricane!")
Ron Jones ("Seahorse Seashell Party")
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **first aired**: October 2, 2011
- **last aired**: October 2, 2011
- **studio**: 20th Century Fox Television
- **num episodes**: 3
Higashihiroshima

is a Japanese city in Hiroshima Prefecture that is on the island of Honshu.

## History

During the reign of Emperor Shōmu, a system of provincial Buddhist temples or  were established, including one at Saijō in what is today Higashihiroshima.

In 1973, Hiroshima University established a campus at Higashihiroshima.

In 1974, Higashihiroshima was created from the merger of four neighboring towns—Saijō, , Hachihonmatsu, Shiwa, and Takaya. In 2005, more towns were merged into the city—Kurose, Kōchi, Toyosaka, Fukutomi and Akitsu.

## Other websites

- Higashihiroshima City website 
- "Cultural assets - Aki Kokubunji" at Pref.hiroshima.lg.jp
Bridge router

A **Bridge router** or **Brouter** is a type of telecommunication processor used in networking. It is a combination of both bridge and router.
White Rock, British Columbia

**White Rock** is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is in Metro Vancouver regional district. In 2021, 21,939 people lived in White Rock. The mayor of White Rock is Megan Knight. It is known for its pier and the large, white boulder which the city is named after.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: City of White Rock
- **image skyline**: White Rock, British Columbia (May 2023).jpg
- **image caption**: White Rock's waterfront from above
- **motto**: City by the Sea
- **image map**: White Rock in Metro Vancouver.svg
- **map caption**: Location of White Rock in Metro Vancouver
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision type2**: Regional district
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision name2**: Metro Vancouver Regional District, Metro Vancouver
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: April 15, 1957
- **government type**: Mayor–council government
- **governing body**: White Rock City Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Megan Knight
- **area land km2**: 5.17
- **area urban km2**: 54.23
- **elevation m**: 80
- **population total**: 21939
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 4240.6
- **population urban**: 109167
- **population density urban km2**: 2013.1
- **timezone1**: Pacific Standard Time
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: Postal code span
- **postal code**: V4B
- **area code**: Area code 604, 604, Area codes 778, 236, and 672, 778, 236, 672
- **area code type**: Area codes
- **website**: [https://www.whiterockcity.ca/ City of White Rock Website]
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Kerry-Lynne Findlay (Conservative Party of Canada, Conservative)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Trevor Halford (Conservative Party of British Columbia, BC Conservative)
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi

**'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi** (‎; 7 December 903 – 25 May 986), known as **al-Sufi**, was a Persian astronomer. The lunar crater Azophi and the minor planet 12621 Alsufi are named after him. Al-Sufi wrote his _Book of Fixed Stars_ in 964, in text and pictures.

## Biography

Al-Sufi was one of the nine noted Muslim astronomers. His name implies that he was a Sufi Muslim. He lived at the court of Emir Adud ad-Daula in Isfahan, Persia. He translated and expanded Greek astronomical works, especially the _Almagest_ of Ptolemy. He made several corrections to Ptolemy's star-list and did his own brightness and magnitude estimates which often differed from those in Ptolemy's work.

He was a major translator into Arabic of the Hellenistic astronomy done mainly in Alexandria. This was the first attempt to connect the Greek with the traditional Arabic star names and constellations, which had been unrelated and overlapped in complicated ways.

## Astronomy

He identified the Large Magellanic Cloud, which is visible from Yemen, though not from Isfahan. It was not seen by Europeans until Magellan's voyage in the 16th century. He also made the earliest recorded observation of the Andromeda Galaxy in 964 AD; describing it as a "small cloud". These were the first galaxies other than the Milky Way to be observed from Earth.

He observed that the ecliptic plane is inclined with respect to the celestial equator and more accurately calculated the length of the tropical year. He observed and described the stars, their positions, their magnitudes and their colour, setting out his results constellation by constellation. For each constellation, he provided two drawings, one from the outside of a celestial globe, and the other from the inside (as seen from the earth).

Al-Sufi also wrote about the astrolabe, finding numerous additional uses for it: he described over 1000 different uses, in areas as diverse as astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, timekeeping, Qibla, Salah prayer, etc.
Rajat Gupta

**Rajat Kumar Gupta** (, born 2 December 1948) is an Indian-American businessman. He was the managing director (chief executive) of McKinsey & Company from 1994 to 2003 and a business leader in India and the United States. He was arrested in late 2011 by the FBI on insider trading charges stemming from the Raj Rajaratnam Galleon Group case. In 2012, he was sentenced to 2 years in prison.
Mario Monti

**Mario Monti** (19 March 1943) is an Italian politician who was the Prime Minister from 2011 to 2013. He also was Finance Minister of Italy.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mario Monti
- **image**: Mario Monti - Festival Economia 2013.JPG
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Italy, 54th Prime Minister of Italy
- **president**: Giorgio Napolitano
- **term start**: 16 November 2011
- **term end**: 28 April 2013
- **predecessor**: Silvio Berlusconi
- **successor**: Enrico Letta
- **office1**: List of Italian Ministers of Economy and Finance, Minister of Economy and Finance
- **term start1**: 16 November 2011
- **term end1**: 11 July 2012
- **predecessor1**: Giulio Tremonti
- **successor1**: Vittorio Grilli
- **office2**: Senator for Life
- **term start2**: 9 November 2011
- **president2**: Giorgio Napolitano
- **office3**: European Commissioner for Competition
- **president3**: Romano Prodi
- **term start3**: 15 September 1999
- **term end3**: 30 October 2004
- **predecessor3**: Karel Van Miert
- **successor3**: Neelie Kroes
- **office4**: European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services, European Commissioner for Internal Market, Services, European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud, Customs and Taxation
- **president4**: Jacques Santer
Manuel Marín <small>(Acting)</small>
- **term start4**: 18 January 1995
- **term end4**: 15 September 1999
- **predecessor4**: Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi
- **successor4**: Frits Bolkestein
- **birth place**: Varese, Lombardy, Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946), Italy
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **spouse**: Elsa Antonioli
- **children**: Federica Monti
Giovanni Monti
- **residence**: Palazzo Chigi
- **alma mater**: Bocconi University
Yale University
- **signature**: Mario Monti signature.svg
Saint-Lambert-sur-Dive

**Saint-Lambert-sur-Dives** is a commune in the Orne department in north-west France. In 2007, there were 148 people living there. It is  in size. The highest point in the commune is 148 metres. The river "La Dives" through the commune. The church was built in 12th century, its bell tower was registered as  in historic monument in 1948. This is a romanesque bell tower. The church is closed since 1999. You can see the Castle of Mimbeville of the 17th century.
Aunou-le-Faucon

**Aunou-le-Faucon** is a Commune of the Orne department in north-western France. There are 273 people living there.
There is a church called Eglise St-Cyr-et-Ste-Julitte. The steeple dates from the 17th century.
There is a fortified house dated from the 15th century, this is the "**Tour aux Anglais**".
There are many horse farms around.
Term

Term may mean:

- Technical term, part of the specialized vocabulary of a particular field
- Term of office, the length of time a person serves in a particular office
- Term of patent, the maximum period during which a patent can be maintained in force
- Term of a pregnancy
- Prison sentence, or term, a time served in a prison
- Term of a contract
- School or college term - usually 3 periods of study in a year.
- Term (mathematics)
Oberlin University

is a private university in Machida, Tokyo, Japan.  It was established in 1946.

## History

The name of the university honors Jean Frederick Oberlin.  The name highlights the university's historical ties with Oberlin College in the United States.

The university had a junior college, , between 1950 and 2007. It originally had one academic department, which taught the English language and literature. A second department, Life sciences, was set up in 1955. The college began accepting male students in 1999. The Life sciences department stopped taking students in 1999. The junior college was closed in 2007.

## Notable alumni

- Tokiko Ishida: Cheerleader
- Murasaki Kanda: Kōdan
- Yuka Kashino: Member of pop group Perfume.
- Mie Koyanagi: Journalist
- Isao Ogawa: Politician
- Ayano Ōmoto: Member of pop group Perfume.
- Iriko Seki: Journalist
- Azusa Takehana: Model
- Yinling: Japanese actor and singer

## Other websites

- J.F. Oberlin University website
- Obirin Junior College

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: J. F. Oberlin University
- **image**: 崇貞館入口付近.jpg
- **established**: 1921
- **type**: Private university, Private
- **city**: Machida, Tokyo
- **country**: Japan
- **campus**: Machida, Tokyo
- **colors**: Maroon & Gold
- **free label**: Athletics
- **website**: [http://www.obirin.ac.jp/ Obirin University]
CF Montréal

**Club de Foot Montréal**, commonly known as **CF Montréal**, is a Canadian soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. It has played in the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS) since 2012. The club was created in 2010 as an expansion team named the **Montreal Impact**. It was the third Canadian team to join the MLS. The old Montreal Impact of the North American Soccer League (NASL) was replaced by this team. The team's motto is "Tous Pour Gagner". That is French language for ".

The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium (French: _Stade Saputo_) and is coached by Mauro Biello.

## History

On March 10, 2012, the Impact played their first MLS game, which ended in a 2-0 loss against Vancouver Whitecaps. The Impact won the Canadian Championship in both 2013 and 2014.

## Rivalries

Montreal Impact's biggest rival is Toronto F.C. because of Canada's two largest cities (Toronto and Montreal) having shared multiple rivalries. Montreal and Toronto professional soccer teams have competed against each other for over 40 years.

From the original North American Soccer League, as well as the Canadian Soccer League and the A-League, the rivalry has continued through many different leagues they have played up until the past few years where both cities would still occasionally meet for the Canadian Championships. Since both teams have joined MLS, the rivalry is even more intense and the matches have become a Canadian soccer classic called the 401 Derby.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Club de Foot Montréal
- **upright**: 0.8
- **stadium**: Saputo Stadium, Montreal, Quebec
- **capacity**: 19,619
- **owner**: Joey Saputo
- **chrtitle**: President
- **chairman**: Kevin Gilmore
- **manager**: Thierry Henry
- **league**: Major League Soccer
- **season**: 2020 Major League Soccer season, 2020
- **position**: Eastern Conference (MLS), Eastern Conference: 9th
Overall: 18th
2020 MLS Cup Playoffs, Playoffs: Play-in round
- **current**: 2021 Club de Foot Montréal season
- **website**: https://www.cfmontreal.com/en
- **pattern b1**: _mtl2019h
- **pattern la1**: _borderonblack
- **pattern ra1**: _borderonblack
- **pattern sh1**: _adidasshortonblack
- **pattern so1**: _color_3_stripes_on_black
- **leftarm1**: 003DA5
- **body1**: 003DA5
- **rightarm1**: 003DA5
- **shorts1**: 003DA5
- **socks1**: 003DA5
- **pattern la2**: _impact20a
- **pattern b2**: _impact20A
- **pattern ra2**: _impact20a
- **pattern so2**: _impact20a
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: D4D4D4
Jean Frederick Oberlin

**Jean Frederick Oberlin** (August 31, 1740 – June 1, 1826) was an Alsatian educator who established schools in poor communities in France.

In the early 19th century, he was honored in the name of Oberlin College, which is an American liberal arts school in Ohio.

In the mid-20th century, Oberlin University in Machida, Tokyo was named after him.

## Other websites

- J.-F. Oberlin Museum
- Oberlin's Namesake
Tottori (city)

is the capital city of Tottori Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2005.

## History

Tottori Castle was established by Yamana Nobumichi in 1545.  The castle town grew at the base of the mountain where the castle was built.

Tottori was incorporated as a city on October 1, 1889.

The city was damaged by a great earthquake in 1942 and by a great fire in 1952.

## Related pages

- Gainare Tottori

## Other websites

- Tottori website ; [http://www.city.tottori.lg.jp/www/toppage/0000000000000/APM03000.html ]
- http://www.torican.jp/en/ ; [http://www.torican.jp/ ]
Kannō

, also sometimes romanized as **Kan'ō**, was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after _Jōwa_ and before _Bunna_. This period started in February 1350 and ended in September 1352.  The emperor in Kyoto was .  Sukō's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .

## Events of the Kannō era

- **1350** (_Kannō 1, 10th month_): Yoshinori guarded Kyoto.

- **1350**–**1352** (_Kannō 2–3_): Armed conflict, variously known as the  or _Kannō no Juran_.

- **1352** (_Enbun 3, 2nd month_): Emperor Go-Murakami captured former-emperors Kōgon, Kōmyō and Sukō; and they were permitted to return to Kyoto in 1357 (_Enbun 2, 2nd month_).

## Southern Court _nengō_

- Shōhei, 1346–1370

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kannō|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1350|1351|1352|
Bunna

, also romanized as **Bunwa,** was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after _Kannō_ and before _Enbun._ This period started in September 1352 and ended in March 1356.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .

## Events of the _Bunna_ era

- **1353** (_Bunna 2_): Kyoto occupied by southern forces under Yamana Tokiuji; and the capital was retaken by the Ashikaga.
- **1354** (_Bunna 3_): Takauji flees with Go-Kōgon; Kitabatake Chikafusa dies.
- **1355** (_Bunna 4_): Kyoto taken by southern army; Kyoto retaken again by the Ashikaga forces.

## Southern Court _nengō_

- Shōhei, 1346–1370

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Bunna|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1352|1353|1354|1355|1356|
Cleveland Brown

**Cleveland Brown** is a main character for the spin-off television program for _Family Guy_ called _The Cleveland Show_.

He was married to Lorretta Brown until they divorced after she cheated on him with his friend Glenn Quagmire. Cleveland later remarried with Donna Tubbs. He had one son with Lorretta and two step-children with Donna. Cleveland is a mailman.

Cleveland was voiced by Mike Henry from 1999 to 2021, when Henry stepped down from the role. He was replaced by Arif Zahir since 2021.

## The Cleveland Show

From 2009 to 2013, Cleveland had his own series, called The Cleveland Show. In the first episode, he and his son, Cleveland Brown Jr., move back to his birth state of Virginia. There, he meets an old friend named Donna Tubbs. Cleveland and Cleveland Jr move into Donna's house until they can buy a house of their own.

Cleveland and the audience are first introduced to Donna's children; Roberta and Rallo Tubbs. By the end of the episode, Cleveland and Donna are married. The series follows Cleveland doing activities and speaking with his friends. These include a Russian bear.

The plot of The Cleveland Show was very similar to Family Guy.

## Infobox (character)

- **series**: Family Guy / The Cleveland Show
- **name**: Cleveland Brown
- **first**: "Death Has a Shadow" (_Family Guy_)
- **occupation**: Delicatessen, Deli owner (former)
Cable television installer
Therapist
Postal worker
- **children**: Cleveland Brown Jr. (son)
Roberta Tubbs (stepdaughter)
Rallo Tubbs (stepson)
- **voice**: Mike Henry (voice actor), Mike Henry (1999–2021)
Arif Zahir (2021–present)
- **fullname**: Cleveland Orenthal Brown
- **creator**: Seth MacFarlane
- **nationality**: American
Caramel

**Caramel** (}
) is a beige to dark-brown sweet food. It is made by heating sugars. It is used to add flavour to puddings and desserts. It can also be as a filling, like is done in bonbons, and as a topping for ice cream, custard and coffee.

Simple sugar (Sucrose) starts to melt at about  , without changing its color. The process called caramelisation starts when sugar  is heated to at least  , and more often to around . As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and turn into compounds with the colour and flavour of caramel.

Many candies and desserts are made with caramel. Some of these are caramel apples, pralines, nougats, brittles, _crème caramel_, and _crème brûlée_.

## Caramel candy

Caramel candy is a soft, dense, chewy candy. It is made by boiling a mixture of milk or cream, sugar(s), butter, and vanilla flavouring.  The sugar(s) are heated separately to reach . This turns them to caramel before the other ingredients are added. Another way of doing this is to cook all ingredients together. This way, the milk turns to caramel but the sugars do not. This type of candy is often called "milk caramel" or "cream caramel".

## Caramel coloring

Caramel coloring is a dark bitter-tasting liquid. It is what is made after near-total caramelisation. It is then bottled to be used for other things. It is used as food coloring and in beverages like cola.

## Caramel sauce

Caramel sauce is made from heating water and caster sugar at a low to medium temperature. This is done until the sugar dissolves and "caramelises". This changes its colour to golden brown.

## Related pages

- Toffee
- Butterscotch

## Other websites

- Caramel Candy Recipes

- Caramel sauce recipe .
East Side Mario's

**East Side Mario's** is a Canadian casual dining restaurant by Prime Restaurants. It has restaurants in Canada and the United States. The restaurant is known for Italian-American cuisine.

It has over 100 locations in Canada as well as some in the United States.

It is a sponsor of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: East Side Mario's
- **image**: EastSideMoncton.JPG
- **image caption**: An East Side Mario's restaurant in Moncton, New Brunswick
- **company type**: Subsidiary
- **parent**: Prime Restaurants
- **foundation**: 1987
- **location**: Mississauga, Ontario
- **industry**: Casual dining restaurant
- **homepage**: [http://www.eastsidemarios.com/ www.eastsidemarios.com]
- **logo**: East Side Mario's logo.svg
Criminal Minds

***Criminal Minds*** is an American police procedural television series. It was first broadcast on September 22, 2005, on CBS. It is about a group of criminal profilers (people who use psychology to find likely suspects) from the FBI. As a group, they are known as the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU).

On March 14, 2012, CBS renewed Criminal Minds for an eighth season, which premiered on September 26, 2012.

The series ended on February 19, 2020. On November 24, 2022, CBS revived the show with the new name **Criminal Minds: Evolution**.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Criminal-Minds.svg
- **creator**: Jeff Davis (writer), Jeff Davis
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 18
- **num episodes**: 354
- **list episodes**: List of Criminal Minds episodes
- **runtime**: 42 minutes
- **network**: CBS
- **last aired**: Present
Herero

**Herero** may refer to:

- Herero language
- Herero people
- The Herero Wikipedia
Lake Wobegon

**Lake Wobegon** is a fictional town in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the setting of Garrison Keillor's _News from Lake Wobegon_ which is part of his weekly radio variety show, _A Prairie Home Companion_. Keillor tells stories of life in a small Minnesota town every week. The weekly segment is broadcast on National Public Radio and available as a podcast via iTunes.

In Keillor's weekly stories about Lake Wobegon, he describes the town:

- He usually starts the stories as "Well, it's been a quiet week in Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, my hometown, out there on the edge of the prairie."
- He says about Lake Wobegon "the little town that time forgot, and the decades cannot improve."
- He ends the stories by "Well, that's the news from Lake Wobegon, where all the women are strong, all the men are good looking, and all the children are above average."
La Fille mal gardée

***La Fille Mal Gardée*** is a comedy ballet in three scenes. Its title means _The Unchaperoned Daughter_. The music is by Ferdinand Hérold. The choreography is by Dauberval. It was first performed in Bordeaux, France in 1789. It was then presented at the Grand Theatre in Paris on July 1, 1789. It is the oldest ballet still performed by major ballet companies.
Treaty of Portsmouth

The **Treaty of Portsmouth** formally ended the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on 5 September 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine in the United States. It was named after nearby Portsmouth, New Hampshire. US President Theodore Roosevelt got the Nobel Peace Prize for helping the negotiations. Having lost the war, Russia gave up Port Arthur and other places
August Bournonville

**August Bournonville** (21 August 1805 – 30 November 1879) was a Danish ballet master and choreographer.  He studied in Paris as a young man. He became a solo dancer with the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen. He became the company's choreographer from 1830 to 1877. He created more than 50 ballets. Only a limited number survive. It was only after World War II that his ballets became known outside Denmark.

His work is a link with earlier ballet traditions. He avoided the excesses of romantic ballet. He gave equal emphasis to both the male and female dancer. The extremes of human nature were tempered in his work and a more balanced picture of human nature emerged. His ballets include _Napoli_ and _The Conservatory_.
Napoli (ballet)

***Napoli*** is a ballet in three acts. The story of the ballet and the dances are the work of August Bournonville. The music was written by E. Helsted, Gade, and Paulli. _Napoli_ was first danced by the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen on 29 March 1842. _Napoli_ has not changed over the years. It is danced in Copenhagen today exactly as it was danced in 1842. It is said to be Bournonville's greatest ballet.

## Story of the ballet

The beautiful Neapolitan girl Teresina loves Gennaro, a very poor fisherman. Gennaro and Teresina sail out into the Gulf of Naples. A storm washes Teresina into the sea. Gennaro sets out to save her. Teresina has been taken to the blue grotto (a rocky cave) by sea spirits. The grotto is the home of the powerful spirit Golfo. He plans to keep Teresina in the grotto. He changes her into a spirit. Gennaro sails into the grotto. He prays to the Madonna and Teresina becomes herself again. Gennaro and Teresina go back to Naples. The people believe Teresina was saved through witchcraft. A priest says it was a miracle. The people are happy. Teresina and Gennaro marry.

## Other websites

- Excerpt from the third act "Tarantella"

## Infobox (ballet)

- **name**: Napoli
- **image**: August Bournonville.jpg
- **caption**: Bournonville in 1841
- **choreographer**: August Bournonville
- **composer**: Helsted
Gade
Paulli
- **librettist**: August Bournonville
- **premiere**: March 29, 1842
- **place**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **ballet company**: Royal Danish Ballet
- **characters**: Teresina
Gennaro
Golfo
- **setting**: Naples
Blue Grotto
- **genre**: Fantasy
- **type**: Romantic ballet
Boxer

**Boxer** or **boxers** might mean:

- A person who practices the sport of boxing
- Boxer (dog), a dog breed
- Boxer (_Animal Farm_), a character in the book _Animal Farm_
- Boxer briefs, a type of underwear
- Boxer shorts, a type of underwear
- Boxer Rebellion, a conflict in China in 1899 and 1900
Royal Danish Ballet

The **Royal Danish Ballet** is one of the oldest ballet companies in the world. It is based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its origin dates to 1748, when the Royal Danish Theatre was founded. The company was finally organized in 1771 in response to the great popularity of French and Italian styles of dance. The Royal Danish Theatre has served as the company's home since its founding.
Marie Taglioni

**Marie Taglioni** (18041884) was a ballerina. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 23 April 1804. Her father was the choreographer Filippo Taglioni. He created the seminal romantic ballet _La Sylphide_ to showcase her talents.

She was the first ballerina to dance _en pointe_ for the sake of artistry rather than spectacle. She created a scandal when she shortened her ballet skirts to display her footwork.

She danced mostly in London at Her Majesty's Theatre and in Paris at the Opéra. In 1827, she began a three-year stint with the Imperial Ballet in St Petersburg. She danced in _Pas de Quatre_ with Carlotta Grisi, Lucille Grahn, and Fanny Cerrito in July 1845. She retired in 1847 and lived in Venice, Italy.

She was the guiding spirit behind the reorganization of the Paris Opéra Ballet. In later life, she taught social dances to children and society ladies. She also took a limited number of ballet pupils.  Johann Strauss II composed the _Marie Taglioni Polka, Op. 173_ in her honour. She died in Marseilles on 24 April 1884.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marie Taglioni
- **image**: Marie-taglioni-in-zephire.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Taglioni in _Zephire_, 1831
- **birth date**: 23 April 1804
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **death date**: 24 April 1884
- **death place**: Marseilles, France
- **occupation**: Ballerina
- **parents**: Filippo Taglioni
Curiosity

**Curiosity** is an emotion that shows a want or need to know new things. It is shown in behavior such as exploration, investigation, and learning. It is an innate behaviour of humans and many animal species. Curiosity is a major cause and force behind scientific research and other studies.

Curiosity is common to humans at all ages starting from infancy, through adulthood. It is easy to see in many other animal species, such as apes, cats, rodents, fish, reptiles, and insects. Although it is an innate behaviour of many living beings, it is not thought of as an instinct because it is not a fixed action pattern.

A _morbid curiosity_ is an addictive curiosity with death, violence, or something else that may hurt you physically or emotionally.
Malay race

The **Malay race** is a race that was first proposed by the German scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840). Blumenbach described five races, and classified them by the colour of people's skin. The Malay race was classified as the brown race. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have rejected his theory of five races. Most agree that classifying races is more complicated than Blumenbach allowed for. The Malay race are considered the aborigines of the Malay Archipelago, determined by their archeological foundings dated as far as 1 AD within the Malay Archipelago.

The term _Malay race_ was often used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to describe the Austronesian peoples.
Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action)

The **Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action)** (Spanish: _Partido Comunista Chileno (Acción Proletaria) PC(AP)_) is a non-registered hard-line communist political party in Chile. It was founded in November 8, 1979 and its first secretary is Eduardo Artés.

## Ideology

The party believes in classical Marxism–Leninism. The party is highly critical of the more known Communist Party of Chile and its moderate views.

## Representation

The party has no parliamentary representation due to their non-registered status.

## Other websites

- PC(AP) Official website
Subalpine zone

The **subalpine zone** is the zone of plants just below tree line around the world. Species that occur in the zone vary according to where they are on the Earth. For example, Snow Gum in Australia, or Subalpine Larch, Mountain Hemlock and Subalpine Fir in western North America.

Trees in the subalpine zone often become crooked, stunted and twisted in form. At treeline, tree seedlings may germinate on the lee (sheltered) side of rocks and grow only as high as the rock shelters them from wind. Further growth is more horizontal than vertical, and additional rooting may occur where branches touch the soil. Snow cover may protect trees during the winter, but branches higher than wind-shelters or snow cover are usually destroyed. Well-established trees may be several hundred to a thousand years old.

Montane grassland and shrubs may be found in the subalpine zone. Tuolumne Meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California is an example of a subalpine meadow.