juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Saturn Award

The **Saturn Award** is an award presented every year by the **Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films** to honor the top works in science fiction, fantasy, and horror in movie, television, and home video. The prestigious Saturn Awards were devised by Dr. Donald A. Reed, who felt that movies within those genres were never given the appreciation they deserved. The physical award is a representation of the planet Saturn, surrounded with a ring of film. The award was initially, and is still sometimes loosely referred to as a **Golden Scroll**.

Similar to other awards, like the Oscars, the Emmys and the Grammys, the Saturn Awards are voted on by members of the presenting Academy. There are also special awards for lifetime achievement in the field.

The awards were first presented in 1972.

## Saturn Award

The Saturn Award is an annual award presented to recognize excellence in film and television in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, and horror. The award is given by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films.

## History of the Award

- The Saturn Award was founded in 1972 by Donald A. Reed, a publisher and editor of the science fiction magazine "Castle of Frankenstein".

- The award is presented annually to recognize outstanding works in the fields of science fiction, fantasy, and horror.

- Over time, the award has expanded to include new categories such as television series and comic book adaptations.

## Categories

- Best Science Fiction Film

- Best Horror Film

- Best Fantasy Film

- Best Television Series

- Best Actor and Actress in a Film and Television Series

- Best Director

- Best Writing

- Best Music

- Best Visual Effects

- Best Animated Film

- Best New Media Television Series

## Importance of the Award

- The Saturn Award is one of the most prestigious awards in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres.

- The award is a platform to recognize outstanding works and encourage creators in these fields.

- Many films and television series that have won the Saturn Award have become classics in their respective genres.

## The Ceremony

- The Saturn Award ceremony is held annually in the United States.

- The nominees and winners are announced during the ceremony.

- The ceremony features entertainment performances and tributes to the winners.

## Cultural Impact

- The Saturn Award has a significant impact on the film and television industry.

- Winning a Saturn Award can increase the visibility and commercial success of a film or television series.

- The award also encourages creators to produce outstanding works in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres.

## See also

Academy Award

Golden Globe Awards

Emmy Award

## Updates until 2025

- The Saturn Award has continued to evolve and expand to include new categories and modern technologies in film and television production.

- The award has become a major platform to recognize outstanding works in the science fiction, fantasy, and horror genres.
Del Rio, Texas

**Del Rio** is a border city in and the county seat of Val Verde County, Texas, United States. It is near the Laughlin Air Force Base.
Tonsil

The **tonsils** are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. An infection of the tonsils is called tonsillitis or tonsilitis. Most commonly, the term "tonsils" refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat.

Like other organs of the lymphatic system, the tonsils act as part of the immune system to help protect against infection. In particular, they are believed to be involved in helping fight off pharyngeal and upper respiratory tract infections.
JCPenney

**J. C. Penney Company, Inc** (most commonly known today by the name **JCPenney** or simply **Penneys**) is a mid-range chain of American department stores based in Plano, Texas, a suburb north of Dallas. The company operates 1,067 stores in 49 of the 50 U.S. states (except Hawaii) and Puerto Rico, and the largest general merchandise catalog business in the United States. In addition to sale of conventional merchandise, JCPenney stores are often home to several leased departments such as Optical, Portrait Studios, Jewelry & Watch repair, etc.

## Infobox (company)

- **logo**: JCPenney logo (2019).svg
Flipper (1995 TV series)

***Flipper (1995)***, is an American television series, also known as _The New Adventures of Flipper_.  It is a remake of the 1964 _Flipper_ television series.  The first two seasons appeared first in syndication; seasons 3 and 4 appeared on the PAX network.

The 1995 version brought back Bud Ricks as a scientist doing marine research in Florida.  The dolphin Flipper was one with whom Dr. Ricks was working.  Jessica Alba was in the show.
Orient

**Orient** is a term meaning "the east". It is from the Latin word _oriens_. Ancient Rome sometimes used it to mean the area east of Rome. Later the dividing line moved farther east, to the Adriatic or the Aegean or the Indus River. This term is in contrast to the "Occident", which is a term meaning "the west".

Edward Said used the term in his book Orientalism (1978). He used it to mean an area including most of present-day North Africa and Middle Eastern countries.
Drew Barrymore

**Drew Blyth Barrymore** (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, model and movie producer. Born in Culver City, California, she is the youngest member of the Barrymore family. Lionel Barrymore was her great-uncle and John Barrymore was her grandfather. Barrymore made a breakout role in _E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial_. She starred with Adam Sandler in _The Wedding Singer_, _50 First Dates_ and _Blended_. She starred in the Netflix series _Santa Clarita Diet_.

## Personal life

Barrymore is bisexual. She was married three times. She had a relationship with Jeremy Thomas, Tom Green and Will Kopelman. Before their divorce, Barrymore has two daughters.

## Movies and television

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1980|_Altered States_|Margaret Jessup||
|1982|_E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial_|Gertie||
|1984|_Firestarter_|Charlene "Charlie" McGee||
|1984|_Irreconcilable Differences_|Casey Brodsky||
|1985|_Cat's Eye_|Our Girl, Amanda||
|1986|_Babes in Toyland_|Lisa Piper||
|1989|_See You in the Morning_|Cathy Goodwin||
|1989|_Far from Home_|Joleen Cox||
|1991|_Motorama_|Fantasy Girl|Cameo|
|1992|_Poison Ivy_|Ivy||
|1992|_Waxwork II: Lost in Time_|Vampire Victim #1|Cameo|
|1992|_Guncrazy_|Anita Minteer||
|1993|_No Place to Hide_|Tinsel Hanley||
|1993|_Doppelganger_|Holly Gooding||
|1993|_Wayne's World 2_|Bjergen Kjergen||
|1994|_Bad Girls_|Lilly Laronette||
|1995|_Boys on the Side_|Holly Pulchik||
|1995|_Mad Love_|Casey Roberts||
|1995|_Batman Forever_|Sugar||
|1996|_Everyone Says I Love You_|Skylar Dandridge||
|1996|_Scream_|Casey Becker||
|1997|_Best Men_|Hope||
|1997|_Wishful Thinking_|Lena||
|1998|_The Wedding Singer_|Julia Sullivan||
|1998|_Ever After_|Danielle de Barbarac||
|1998|_Home Fries_|Sally Jackson||
|1999|_Never Been Kissed_|Josie Geller||
|1999|_Olive, the Other Reindeer_|Olive (voice)||
|2000|_Skipped Parts_|Fantasy Girl||
|2000|_Titan A.E._|Akima Kunimoto (voice)||
|2000|_Charlie's Angels_|Dylan Sanders||
|2001|_Donnie Darko_|Karen Pomeroy||
|2001|_Freddy Got Fingered_|Davidson's Receptionist|Cameo|
|2001|_Riding in Cars with Boys_|Beverly "Bev" Donofrio||
|2002|_Confessions of a Dangerous Mind_|Penny Pacino||
|2003|_Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle_|Dylan Sanders / Helen Zaas||
|2003|_Duplex_|Nancy Kendricks||
|2004|_50 First Dates_|Lucy Whitmore||
|2005|_Fever Pitch_|Lindsey Meeks||
|2006|_Curious George_|Maggie Dunlop (voice)||
|2007|_Music and Lyrics_|Sophie Fisher||
|2007|_Lucky You_|Billie Offer||
|2008|_Beverly Hills Chihuahua_|Chloe (voice)||
|2009|_He's Just Not That Into You_|Mary Harris||
|2009|_Everybody's Fine_|Rosie Goode||
|2009|_Whip It_|Smashley Simpson||
|2010|_Going the Distance_|Erin Langford||
|2012|_Big Miracle_|Rachel Kramer||
|2014|_Blended_|Lauren Reynolds||
|2015|_Miss You Already_|Jess||
|2020|_The Stand-In_|Candy||
Brooklyn South

***Brooklyn South*** is a short-lived American television police drama. It aired from September 22, 1997 to April 27, 1998 on CBS for only one season. It was canceled due to poor ratings.

One of the producers of the series was Steven Bochco, creator of many well-known police dramas such as _Hill Street Blues_ and _NYPD Blue_. _Brooklyn South_ was also created and produced by David Milch. The series tried to create a setting of a gritty, realistic police station similar to that of _NYPD Blue_, but differed by focusing on the uniformed police officers rather than the detective<nowiki/>s. The pilot of _Brooklyn South_ was noted as the first TV-MA rated episode on broadcast television.
Never Been Kissed

***Never Been Kissed*** is a 1999 American comedy movie directed by Raja Gosnell. It follows a journalist pretending to be high school student. It stars Drew Barrymore, David Arquette, Michael Vartan, Molly Shannon, Leelee Sobieski, John C. Reilly, Jessica Alba, Marley Shelton and Garry Marshall. It marked the first movie produced by Flower Films and James Franco's film debut.
Idle Hands

***Idle Hands*** is a 1999 American comedy-horror movie starring Devon Sawa, Seth Green, and Jessica Alba with Elden Henson and Vivica A. Fox. It follows the life of a teen whose hand becomes possessed and goes on a killing spree, even after being cut off from his arm. The film was delayed in its release because of the Columbine massacre.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Idle Hands
- **director**: Rodman Flender
- **writer**: Terri Hughes
Ron Milbauer
- **starring**: Devon Sawa
Seth Green
Elden Henson
Jessica Alba
Vivica A. Fox
- **producer**: Jeffrey Sudzin
Andrew Licht
Suzanne Todd
Jennifer Todd
- **music**: Graeme Revell
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: April 30, 1999
- **runtime**: 92 minutes
- **language**: English language, English
- **budget**: $25 million
- **gross**: $4,152,230
Telepathy

**Telepathy**  is the hypothesis that some people can communicate to others by thought, instead of through the known senses.

The term was coined by classics scholar and psychologist Frederic William Henry Myers in 1882. Sigmund Freud did experiments with his daughter Anna where he attempted to communicate with her telepathically. In 1930 Upton Sinclair wrote a book about his experiments with his wife in telepathic communication entitled _Mental Radio_.

## Eysenck's opinion

Professor Hans Eysenck of London University's Institute of Psychiatry stated:> Unless there is a gigantic conspiracy involving some thirty university departments all over the world, and several hundred highly respected scientists in various fields, many of them originally skeptical to the claims of the psychical researchers, the only conclusion that the unbiased observer can come to is that there does exist a small number of people who obtain knowledge existing in other people's minds, or in the outer world, by means as yet unknown to science.

## Scientific reception

The scientific community considers parapsychology a pseudoscience. A variety of experiments have attempted to demonstrate telepathy, but found no scientific evidence that the power exists. There is no known mechanism for telepathy.

Philosopher and physicist Mario Bunge wrote that telepathy would contradict laws of science: "[The claim that] signals can be transmitted across space without fading with distance is inconsistent with physics."

A panel commissioned by the United States National Research Council to study paranormal claims concluded:> Despite a 130-year record of scientiﬁc research on such matters, our committee could ﬁnd no scientiﬁc justiﬁcation for the existence of phenomena such as extrasensory perception, mental telepathy or 'mind over matter' exercises... Evaluation of a large body of the best available evidence simply does not support the [claim] that these phenomena exist."

## Related pages

- Parapsychology
- Teleportation
Megabit

The **megabit** (symbol: **Mb** or **Mbit**) is a unit of information or computer storage that means one million bits, or one thousand kilobits.
Invisible Woman

The **Invisible Woman** (**Dr. Susan "Sue" Storm-Richards**) is a fictional character, a Marvel Comics superheroine created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby. The character first appeared in _Fantastic Four_ #1 in November 1961. Like the other founding members of the Fantastic Four, Sue received her powers after being exposed to a cosmic storm. Her primary power deals with light waves, allowing her to render herself and others invisible. However, she can also project powerful fields of invisible energy which she uses for a variety of offensive and defensive effects. Sue plays a central role in the lives of her brother, her husband, her children (Franklin Richards and Val Richards), and her friend, Ben Grimm.

## In other media

The character has appeared in toys, television series, movies, and video games as well. She has been adapted into motion pictures and is played by Rebecca Stabb, Jessica Alba, Kate Mara, and Vanessa Kirby.
Shigesato Itoi

**Shigesato Itoi** ( _Itoi Shigesato_, born November 10, 1948 in Gumna) is a famous Japanese copywriter, essayist, and game designer. In his video game career, one of his most well-known works has been the _EarthBound_ series, which began in 1989 with the release of EarthBound Beginnings (also known as Mother in Japan) and ended in 2006 with the release of Mother 3.
The Eye (2008 movie)

***The Eye*** is a 2008 movie starring Jessica Alba. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong-Thai-Singaporean movie of the same name. The movie was rated PG-13 by the MPAA for "violence/terror and disturbing content." It was directed by David Moreau and Xavier Palud. It is the story of a young blind girl who has her sight restored. She is able to see dead people, and sets out to find the history of her new eyes.
Creatures (company)

is a Japanese video game company. It used to be called Ape, Inc. It's most well known for the _Pokémon_ video game series, trading cards, and toys, as well as the _EarthBound_ series while they were Ape, Inc.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

The **Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences** (**AMPAS**) is a professional honorary group meant for the advancement of the arts and sciences of movies.

The Academy has over 6,000 motion picture professionals as members. While the most of its members are in the United States, membership is open to filmmakers around the world. As of 2004, it had members from 36 countries. It is known around the world for its yearly Academy Awards, known to most people as the "Oscars."

Also, the Academy gives Student Academy Awards to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level each year; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting each year; and runs the Margaret Herrick Library in Beverly Hills, California and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood, California, which will grow to include Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, to open as a tourist site in 2017.

The president of the Academy has been Janet Yang since 2022.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
- **abbreviation**: AMPAS
- **type**: Trade association
- **status**: 501(c)(6)
- **purpose**: To recognize and uphold excellence in the motion picture arts and sciences, inspire imagination, and connect the world through the medium of motion pictures.
- **headquarters**: 8949 Wilshire Boulevard
Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **membership**: 10,500 (2023)
- **leader title**: President (corporation), President
- **leader name**: Janet Yang (since 2022)
- **subsidiaries**: Academy Museum Foundation <sub>501(c)(3)</sub>,
 Academy Foundation <sub>501(c)(3)</sub>,
 Archival Foundation <sub>501(c)(3)</sub>,
 Vine Street Archive Foundation <sub>501(c)(3)</sub>
- **employees**: 255
- **employees year**: 2018
- **volunteers**: 632
- **volunteers year**: 2018
- **revenue**: $147,889,867
- **revenue year**: 2019
- **expenses**: $103,813,370
- **expenses year**: 2019
- **tax id**: 95-0473280
The Love Guru

***The Love Guru*** is an 2008 American romantic sports comedy movie set in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was directed by Marco Schnabel and starring Mike Myers. Romany Malco, Jessica Alba and Justin Timberlake co-star. In addition to starring in the movie, Myers wrote _The Love Guru_ with Graham Gordy and produced it with Gary Barber. The movie was released by Paramount Pictures on June 20, 2008 and was rated PG-13.

## Cast

- Mike Myers as Guru Maurice Pitka
- Jessica Alba as Jane Bullard
- Romany Malco as Darren Roanoke
- Meagan Good as Prudence Roanoke
- Verne Troyer as Coach Punch Cherkov
- Justin Timberlake as Jacques "Le Coq" Grandé
- Telma Hopkins as Lillian Roanoke
- Manu Narayan as Rajneesh - Pitka's assistant
- John Oliver as Dick Pants
- Ben Kingsley as Guru Tugginmypudha
- Ian McKellen as Professor Gerald Whitman
- Stephen Colbert as Jay Kell
- Jim Gaffigan as Trent Lueders
- Rob Huebel as Bar Patron / Cameo
- Omid Djalili as Guru Satchabigknoba

### People who appeared as themselves

- Mike Myers
- Mariska Hargitay
- Kanye West
- Val Kilmer
- Morgan Freeman (voice)
- Rob Blake
- Deepak Chopra
- Oprah Winfrey
- Judi Dench (referenced by commentator Jay Kell (Stephen Colbert))
- Jessica Simpson

## Other websites

- The Love Guru Official Movie Website
- Guru Pitka's Book Club  "The Love Guru - The Official Book Club"

## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Marco Schnabel
- **producer**: Mike Myers
Gary Barber
- **writer**: Mike Myers
Graham Gordy
- **starring**: Mike Myers
Jessica Alba
Romany Malco
- **music**: George S. Clinton
- **cinematography**: Peter Deming
- **editing**: Billy Weber
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
Spyglass Entertainment, Spyglass Pictures
- **released**: June 20, 2008
- **runtime**: 88 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $62,000,000
GQ

***GQ*** (originally ***Gentlemen's Quarterly***) is a monthly men's magazine focusing upon fashion, style, and culture for men, through articles on food, movies, physical fitness, sex, music, travel, sports, technology, and books. It is generally thought of as being more sophisticated than magazines, such as _Maxim_ or _FHM_.

## History

_Gentlemen's Quarterly_ was launched in 1931 in the United States as ***Apparel Arts***, a men's fashion magazine for the clothing trade, aimed primarily at wholesale buyers and retail sellers.

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: GQ
- **editor**: Will Welch
- **editor title**: Editor-in-chief
- **publisher**: Condé Nast, Condé Nast Inc.
- **frequency**: Monthly
- **total circulation**: 938,359 (2013)
- **category**: List of men's magazines, Men's
- **company**: Advance Publications
- **country**: United States
- **based**: New York City
- **language**: English and Spanish
- **issn**: 0016-6979
Big Cartoon DataBase

The **Big Cartoon DataBase** (**BCDB**) is an online database of information about cartoons, animated movies, and animated television shows.

## Other websites

- The Big Cartoon DataBase

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: The Big Cartoon DataBase
- **url**: http://www.bcdb.com/
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Database
- **registration**: Optional
- **launched**: October 3, 1996
InStyle

***InStyle*** is a monthly women’s magazine, published by Time Inc., which is about the private side of celebrities. It started in 1995. It has a circulation of about 1.7 million.
MTV Movie Awards

The **MTV Movie Awards** is a movie awards show presented annually on MTV **(Music Television).** It also contains movie parodies that used official movie footage with hosts and other celebrities and music performances. The nominees are decided by a special panel at Tenth Planet Productions, the production company headed by Joel Gallen, who also created the MTV Movie Awards. Winners are decided by the general public. Presently voting is done through MTV's official website through a special Movie Awards link.

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: MTV Movie & TV Awards
- **current awards**: 2021 MTV Movie & TV Awards
- **caption**: This is a picture of the "golden popcorn" awarded at the 2012 MTV Movie Awards.
- **awarded for**: Popularity in movies and television
- **presenter**: MTV
- **website**: [http://www.mtv.com/movie-and-tv-awards www.mtv.com/movie-and-tv-awards]
Awake (movie)

***Awake*** is a 2007 American crime thriller movie. It was written and directed by Joby Harold. It stars Hayden Christensen, Jessica Alba, Lena Olin, and Terrence Howard. The movie was rated R by the MPAA for language, an intense disturbing situation, and brief drug use.

The movie was released in the United States and Canada on November 30, 2007.
Frank Miller

**Frank Miller** (born January 27, 1957) is an American writer, artist and movie director. He is best known for his film noir style comic book stories including Ronin (Marvel), Daredevil: Born Again, The Dark Knight Returns, Sin City, and 300.

He is one of the most widely-recognized and popular creators in comics, and is one of the most influential comics creators of his generation.

## Early life

Miller was born in Olney, Maryland, on January 27, 1957, and raised in Montpelier, Vermont.

## Career

Because of his interest in comics, Miller moved to New York as a young adult to work as a comic book artist. Miller released his first graphic novel, Ronin, in 1983. Miller later wrote other graphic novels including the Dark Knight Returns and 300.

Miller moved to Los Angeles, California and worked in Hollywood during the 1980s and 1990s, writing the scripts for the Robocop series (Robocop II (2) and Robocop III (3)). Not happy with the films, Miller stopped working in TV and movies until 2005, when Miller worked with director Robert Rodgriguez on the film, Sin City.
Robert Rodriguez

**Robert Anthony Rodriguez** (born June 20, 1968) is an American movie director, composer, and visual effects supervisor perhaps best known for making profitable, crowd-pleasing independent and studio movies with fairly low budgets and fast schedules by Hollywood standards. He shoots, edits, produces, and scores many of his films in Mexico and in his home state of Texas. He's known for his collabs with Quentin Tarantino, Ethan Manquis and Elizabeth Avellán.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Rodriguez
- **image**: Robert Rodriguez SDCC 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Rodriguez at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: Robert Anthony Rodriguez
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Texas at Austin
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **children**: 5
- **works**: Robert Rodriguez filmography, Full list
- **relatives**: Patricia Vonne (sister)
Danny Trejo (second cousin)
Diego Andres Rodriguez (nephew)
- **website**: [http://www.troublemakerstudios.com/ Troublemaker Studios]
- **signature**: Robert Rodriguez signature.svg
Michael Weatherly

**Michael Manning Weatherly, Jr.** (born July 8, 1968) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Special Agent Anthony DiNozzo on the television series _NCIS_. After being in over 300 episodes he is leaving NCIS at the end of the 2016 season. He also plays Dr. Jason Bull in the CBS drama series _Bull_.

## Other websites

- Official Michael Weatherly website

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: MichaelWeatherlyHWOFOct2012.jpg
- **image size**: 260px
- **caption**: Michael Weatherly at a ceremony for Mark Harmon to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
- **name**: Michael Weatherly
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
Telegraphy

With **telegraphy** (from the Greek words _tele (τηλε)_ = far and _graphein (γραφειν)_ = write), messages are sent over long distances without any need to physically transport letters.

To send messages, a telegraph sends pulses of electricity through wires in a special code. The code includes short and large dots and dashes. Usually, amateur radio operators use Morse code.

### The first telegraphs

Some of the first telegraphs were made in the late 1700s, but these were hard to use because they had too many wires.

Telegrams first became popular in the mid-1800s. In 1844 Samuel Morse built a single-wire telegraph line from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. This was much easier to use than the earliest telegraphs, which used many wires. Soon there were telegraphs all over the United States.

By the end of the nineteenth century, a transatlantic telegraph cable had been laid. Radio telegraphy became widespread in the early 20th century, especially on ships.

After the 1930s, long-distance telephone calls became less expensive than telegrams. Telegrams became less and less popular. Western Union, an American company created for telegrams, sent its last one in 2006.

### Telegrams

_See the main article: Telegram_

In the mid-1800s, people communicated across long distances by writing letters. However, letters could take a long time to cross the country. Telegrams were much more convenient than letters because they could be delivered to faraway places immediately. This made it much easier for people to communicate and to move to the Western United States.

To send a telegram, a person would give their message to a telegraph operator, who would send the message to another operator message using Morse code. The second operator would write down the message and give it to the person who received it.

## Telegraphs now

Telegrams have become rare. This is because of newer technology that people can use to communicate, such as the telephone and the Internet. However, Morse code is still popular among amateur radio enthusiasts.

## Related pages

- Electrical telegraph
- Telegram
- Transatlantic telegraph cable
- Morse code
Rheumatism

**Rheumatism** or **Rheumatic disorder** is a general term for medical problems that can hurt the heart, bones, joints, kidney, skin and lungs. The study of these problems is called rheumatology.

## Types

The major rheumatic disorders that are known, some are:
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Back pain
- Bursitis/ Tendinitis, Shoulder pain, wrist, biceps, leg, knee (patellar), ankle, hip, and Achilles
- Capsulitis
- Fibromyalgia
- Neck pain
- Osteoarthritis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Rheumatic fever
- Rheumatic heart disease (a long-term complication of Rheumatic fever)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Temporal arteritis and Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Tenosynovitis.

## Treatment

Many traditional herbal remedies were recommended for "rheumatism". Modern medicine, both conventional and complementary, shows that the different rheumatic disorders have different causes (and several of them have more than one) and need different kinds of treatment.

## Other websites

- American College of Rheumatology
- EULAR - The European League Against Rheumatism
- BBC "Your Health" website on Arthritis and Rheumatism
- e-medicine article on Non-Articular Rheumatism

## Infobox (_disease)

- **name**: Rheumatism
- **meshid**: D012216
Gout

**Gout** is a very painful medical condition that affects a joint or joints. Acute gout usually affects one joint, usually the big toe (as podagra). Around one to two percent of people in the West will have gout during their lifetime. In 2011, in the US, around 6.1 million Americans had gout. It has become more common since 1990, and risk factors of gout have been increasing. Gout was historically known as “the disease of kings” or “the disease of rich men".

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Gout
- **image**: The gout james gillray.jpg
- 300px
- **width**: 300px
- **caption**: _Gout_, a 1799 caricature by James Gillray
- **diseasesdb**: 29031
- **emedicinesubj**: emerg
- **emedicinetopic**: 221
- **emedicine mult**: [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic924.htm# med/924] [http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1112.htm# med/1112] [http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic506.htm# oph/506] [http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/topic124.htm# orthoped/124] [http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic313.htm# radio/313]
- **meshid**: D006073
Bright's disease

**Bright's disease** is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are now called acute or chronic nephritis. The main symptom is  the presence of serum albumin (blood plasma protein) in the urine, and frequently accompanied by oedema and hypertension.

The term is no longer used, as the disease is now classified by its better known causes.

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Bright's disease
- **image**: Richard Bright, "Reports of medical cases" Wellcome L0013468.jpg
- **caption**: Diseased kidney from Richard Bright's _Reports of Medical Cases_ Longman, London (1827–1831); Wellcome Library, London
- **field**: Nephrology
Night shift

A **night shift** is either a group of workers who work during the night, or the time that they work. See shift work or graveyard shift.

**Night Shift** (with capital initial letters) could mean:

- _Night Shift_ (novel), a 1942 novel by Maritta Wolff.
- _Night Shift_ (book), a 1978 collection of short stories written by Stephen King.
- _Night Shift_ (movie), a 1982 movie, one of Ron Howard's earliest directorial efforts
- _Night Shift_ (video game), an Atari video game
- Night Shift, a song by the rock band Foghat
- Night Shift, a song by Bob Marley & The Wailers released in 1976 (Rastaman Vibration)
- Night Shift (band), a Serbian heavy rock band
- _Night Shift_ (TV series), a British television series shown late at night on ITV
- _Night Shift_ (Irish TV series), an Irish television show broadcast on Channel 6
- Night Shift (comics), a fictional team of supervillains in the Marvel Universe
- _Night Shift_ (computer game), a 1990 computer game designed and published by LucasArts
- _General Hospital: Night Shift_, a primetime soap opera airing on SOAPnet during the summers of 2007 and 2008

## Other

- _Nightshift_, a song and album by The Commodores
- The Night Shift, a Network Radio Station by Synerdata Radio
- The Night Shift, a special interest board on GameFAQs.
National Football League Training Camp

In the National Football League, **NFL Training Camp** is the time before the season starts. During this time, teams will work hard at an special place, often a university. This is almost the same as baseball's spring training.

## Training camp sites by team

|Team|Site|Location|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Arizona Cardinals|Northern Arizona University|Flagstaff, Arizona|
|Atlanta Falcons|Atlanta Falcons Training Facility|Flowery Branch, Georgia|
|Baltimore Ravens|McDaniel College|Westminster, Maryland|
|Buffalo Bills|St. John Fisher College|Pittsford, New York|
|Carolina Panthers|Wofford College|Spartanburg, South Carolina|
|Chicago Bears|Olivet Nazarene University|Bourbonnais, Illinois|
|Cincinnati Bengals|Georgetown College|Georgetown, Kentucky|
|Cleveland Browns|Cleveland Browns Training Facility|Berea, Ohio|
|Dallas Cowboys|Alamodome|San Antonio, Texas|
|Denver Broncos|Paul D. Bowlen Memorial Centre|Centennial, Colorado|
|Detroit Lions|Detroit Lions Training Facility|Allen Park, Michigan|
|Green Bay Packers|St. Norbert College|De Pere, Wisconsin|
|Houston Texans|Houston Texans Practice Facility|Houston, Texas|
|Indianapolis Colts|Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology|Terre Haute, Indiana|
|Jacksonville Jaguars|Jacksonville Municipal Stadium|Jacksonville, Florida|
|Kansas City Chiefs|University of Wisconsin-River Falls|River Falls, Wisconsin|
|Miami Dolphins|Miami Dolphins Training Center|Davie, Florida|
|Minnesota Vikings|Minnesota State University, Mankato|Mankato, Minnesota|
|New England Patriots|Gillette Stadium|Foxboro, Massachusetts|
|New Orleans Saints|Millsaps College|Jackson, Mississippi|
|New York Giants|University at Albany|Albany, New York|
|New York Jets|Hofstra University|Hempstead, New York|
|Oakland Raiders|Napa Valley Marriott|Napa Valley, California|
|Philadelphia Eagles|Lehigh University|Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|
|Pittsburgh Steelers|Saint Vincent College|Latrobe, Pennsylvania|
|St. Louis Rams|Rams Park|St. Louis, Missouri|
|San Diego Chargers|Chargers Park|San Diego, California|
|San Francisco 49ers|San Francisco 49ers Complex|Santa Clara, California|
|Seattle Seahawks|Seahawks Kirkland Headquarters|Kirkland, Washington|
|Tampa Bay Buccaneers|Disney's Wide World of Sports Complex|Lake Buena Vista, Florida|
|Tennessee Titans|Baptist Sports Park|Nashville, Tennessee|
|Washington Redskins|Redskins Park|Ashburn, Virginia|

## Other websites

- NFL Training Camp Information - From NFL.com
Training camp

A **training camp** is a place where soldiers or sports players go to learn skills. Often, they go there to learn physical action, rather than book subjects they would learn at a school. In major sports like the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season starts.

In the military, Recruit training (also called "basic training" or "boot camp") helps new military personnel get the mental and physical fitnesss they need for their military career. Each military branch in a country usually has its own training program. There are also civilian boot camps for those who want to experience military training without joining the military.

## Well-known training camps

- Infantry Training Centre
- Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island
- National Football League Training Camp
- International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp
Sperm whale

The **sperm whale** (_Physeter macrocephalus_), also known as the **cachalot**, is the largest toothed whale. It has the biggest head of any animal. The head can be about  long, and is about one-third of the whale's body. It also has biggest brain of any animal.  Its lower jaw is small and contains its huge, conical teeth. These teeth fit into sockets in the upper jaw.

## Diet

Sperm whales are carnivores (meat-eaters). They mostly hunt medium-sized squid. They also eat many kinds of fish such as skate. Sometimes they hunt giant squid that live on the ocean bottom at great depths. Most of the animals sperm whales eat live in the deep sea, and sperm whales dive very deep to hunt. They regularly dive between 300 and 800 meters (980 and 2,620 feet) deep, and stay underwater for two hours.

## Size

The males can reach up to 20.7m long, and weigh up to 80,000kg. The females measures in maximum size probably up to 15 meters (50 ft) and with a weight of 12,000 to 45,000 kg, she is smaller than males. In the past, there have been claims about whales that were as long as 24 meters, but these claims are not proven, and there is disagreement about whether they are true.

## Echolocation

Like other toothed whales, the sperm whale uses echolocation, a way of sensing in which the whale makes a high-piched clicking sound and listens to the echoes that it makes as it bounces off of objects (like prey). Sperm whales use this to hunt, but also to communicate, using patterns of clicks called click codas. Sperm whales have special organs that they use for echolocation. These are called the spermaceti organ and the junk. The spermaceti organ is like a large barrel full of spermaceti, an oily liquid that sperm whales use for echolocation. The junk is made of cartilage and spermaceti, and is used to focus the sounds made for echolocation.
Amani Toomer

**Amani Toomer** () (born September 8, 1974 in Berkeley, California) is a retired American football wide receiver that played for the New York Giants and Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League. He won Super Bowl XLII with the Giants on February 3, 2008.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Amani Toomer
- **image**: Kurt Warner and Amani Toomer-cropped.jpg
- **image size**: 225
- **caption**: Toomer in February 2005
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **number**: 89, 81
- **birth place**: Berkeley, California
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 203
- **draftyear**: 1996
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 34
- **high school**: De La Salle High School (Concord, California), De La Salle
(Concord, California)
- **college**: Michigan Wolverines football, Michigan
- **teams**: * New York Giants (–)
* Kansas City Chiefs ()*
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 668
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 9,497
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 54
- **statlabel4**: Return yards
- **statvalue4**: 1,317
- **statlabel5**: Touchdown, Return touchdowns
- **statvalue5**: 3
- **nfl**: TOO338982
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLII, XLII)
* New York Giants#Ring of Honor, New York Giants Ring of honor
* First-team All-Big Ten Conference, Big Ten (1994 All-Big Ten Conference football team, 1994)
* Second-team All-Big Ten Conference, Big Ten (1995 All-Big Ten Conference football team, 1995)
Mega Man 9

***Mega Man 9***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Wii's WiiWare service, PlayStation Network, and Xbox Live Arcade. It is the first game in the original _Mega Man_ series to be made since the release of _Mega Man 8_ for the PlayStation in 1996. It has the same graphics as the NES _Mega Mans_.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mega Man 9
- **image**: Mega Man 9 logo.jpg
- **developer**: Inti Creates, Capcom Japan
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **released**: 2008
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Wii (WiiWare)
- **series**: _Mega Man_
Mega Man 8

***Mega Man 8***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game made by Capcom for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn game consoles. It stars the character Mega Man, the mascot of the franchise.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mega Man 8
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **released**: **PlayStation****Sega Saturn**
- **genre**: Action game, Action / Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: PlayStation, Sega Saturn
Mega Man 7

***Mega Man 7***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Super NES game console.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mega Man 7
- **image**: Mega man VII logo.gif
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **designer**: Tokuro Fujiwara (producer)
- **released**: <small><sup>**Japan, JPN**</sup></small> March 24, 1995
<small><sup>**North America, NA**</sup></small> September, 1995
- **genre**: Action game, Action/Platformer
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Super Nintendo Entertainment System, SNES
Mega Man 6

***Mega Man 6***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mega Man 6
- **image**: Mega Man VI logo.jpg
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom (JP), Nintendo (NA)
- **designer**: Tokuro Fujiwara (producer)
- **released**: <small><sup>**Japan, JPN**</sup></small> October 5, 1993
<small><sup>**North America, NA**</sup></small> March 1994
- **genre**: Action game, Action/Platformer
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, NES
Mega Man 5

***Mega Man 5***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mega Man 5
- **image**: Mega man V logo.png
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **designer**: Tokuro Fujiwara (producer)
- **released**: <small><sup>**Japan, JPN**</sup></small> December 4, 1992
<small><sup>**North America, NA**</sup></small> December, 1992
<small><sup>**Europe, EUR**</sup></small> September 28, 1993
- **genre**: Action game, Action/Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, NES
Mega Man 4

***Mega Man 4***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mega Man 4
- **image**: Mega Man IV logo.webp
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **designer**: Yoshinori Takenaka, S. Kobashi and Keiji Inafune (planner)
- **released**: <small><sup>**Japan, JPN**</sup></small> December 6, 1991
<small><sup>**North America, NA**</sup></small> January, 1992
<small><sup>**Europe, EUR**</sup></small> September 25, 1992
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, NES/Famicom
Touchdown

A **touchdown** is a common way of scoring in American and Canadian football.  A team gets a touchdown by the person with the ball running across the line of the goal or catching the ball while past the line of the goal. In American and Canadian football, a touchdown gives the team 6 points. The team also gets a chance to score 1 or 2 more points in what is called an extra point.

## Related pages

- Try
Eton, Berkshire

**Eton** is a town in Berkshire, England. It is next to the opposite bank of the River Thames to Windsor and is connected to the Windsor Bridge.

## Other websites

- Eton Town Traders Association

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Eton
- **unitary england**: Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, Windsor and Maidenhead
- **lieutenancy england**: Berkshire
- **region**: South East England
- **post town**: WINDSOR
- **postcode district**: SL4
- **postcode area**: SL
- **dial code**: 01753
- **os grid reference**: SU965775
Eton

**Eton** could mean:
- Eton, Berkshire, a town in Berkshire, England
- Eton College, a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England
- Eton College (Vancouver, British Columbia), a school in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Eton Corporation, a US based importer and manufacturer of shortwave radios
- Eton Educational Institute, a language and teacher training institute based in Knowledge Village, Duba, Saudi Arabia
- Eton, Georgia, a town in the United States
- Eton Group, a group of British independent schools
- One of the Beti-Pahuin ethnic groups of Cameroon
- "The Eton Rifles", the first song by The Jam to reach the top ten in the UK charts

## Related pages

- Eaton
Naomi

**Naomi** may refer to:

## People

- Naomi (given name), a female given name
- Naomi (in the Book of Ruth in the Bible)
- Noemi (trance music), Dutch singer

## Music

- "Naomi", a song by Neutral Milk Hotel
- Naomi (band), a German pop duo
- Naomi Awards, ironic and humorous awards

## Fiction

- Naomi, a minor character from the tokusatsu series _Kamen Rider Den-O_.
- _Naomi_ (novel), by Japanese author Junichiro Tanizaki

## Technology

- Naomi Internet Filter, free advanced Internet filtering program
- Sega NAOMI, an arcade hardware system that spawned the Sega Dreamcast game console
Mega Man 3

***Mega Man 3***, known in Japan as , is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mega Man 3
- **image**: Mega Man III logo.png
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **designer**: Tokuro Fujiwara (producer)
- **series**: Mega Man (video game), Mega Man Classic
- **released**: <small><sup>**Japan, JPN**</sup></small> September 28, 1990
 <small><sup>**North America, NA**</sup></small> November 1990
 <small><sup>**Europe, EU**</sup></small> February 20, 1992
- **genre**: Action game, Action/Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, NES
Semitic languages

The **Semitic languages** are a branch of Afroasiatic languages spoken in North Africa, Arabia, the Horn of Africa and West Asia.

The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family, which originated in the Middle East. Semitic languages are spoken by more than 470 million people across much of Western Asia, North Africa and the Horn of Africa, as well as in large communities of people from different countries in North America and Europe.

The name was taken from Shem, a son of Noah in Genesis (chapters 6-11).

Some examples of Semitic languages are Arabic, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Maltese.

## Related pages

- Canaanite languages

## Infobox (language family)

- **name**: Semitic
- **region**: Middle East, North Africa, Horn of Africa, Northeast Africa and Malta
- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **protoname**: Proto-Semitic language, Proto-Semitic
- **child1**: East Semitic languages, East Semitic (extinct)
- **child2**: West Semitic languages, West Semitic
- **iso2**: sem
- **iso5**: sem
- **map**: Semitic languages.svg
- **mapcaption**: Approximate historical distribution of Semitic languages.
Mega Man 2

***Mega Man 2***, known in Japan as ***Rockman 2: The Mystery of Dr. Wily***, is a platform video game made by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mega Man 2
- **image**: Mega Man II logo.png
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **designer**: Tokuro Fujiwara <small>(director)</small>
Keiji Inafune <small>(character design)</small>
Ogeretsu Kun, Manami Matsumae and Yuukichan's Papa, Yoshihiro Sakaguchi <small>(music composer)</small>
- **released**: **Nintendo Entertainment System, NES**
**Virtual Console**
- **series**: Mega Man (video game), _Mega Man_ Classic
- **genre**: Action game, Action/Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, NES, Virtual Console
Mega Man (1987 video game)

**_Mega Man**,_ known as  in Japan, is a video game developed and published by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). It is the first game in the original _Mega Man_ series. It was released in Japan on December 17, 1987. It was released in North America in December 1987 and Europe in May 1990.

## Plot

Two scientists, Dr. Light and Dr. Wily, create humanoid robots; Wily goes rogue and reprograms most of the robots for world domination. It's up to Mega Man, a robot created by Dr. Light, to stop Dr. Wily and his army of _Robot Masters_.

## Gameplay

The game opens with a boss select screen, giving you the option to choose which of the _Robot Masters_ you wish to take down first. Once you have selected a Robot Master you are teleported by Dr. Light to an approximation of the Robot Master's location. From there you must find your way to the Robot Master, along the way overcoming many traps, pitfalls and other obstacles. Once you defeat a Robot Master you gain its power, which can be used on other Robot Masters and follows a Rock, paper, scissors type effectiveness, where a rock attack would work better on a robot with scissors than one made of paper. After you beat all the Robot Masters, you move on to Dr. Wily's stage.

## Other websites

- Mega Man at MobyGames

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mega Man
- **image**: Mega man in-game logo.jpg
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **designer**: Akira Kitamura
- **programmer**: Nobuyuki Matsushima
- **artist**: Yasuaki Kishimoto
Naoya Tomita
Keiji Inafune
Akira Kitamura
- **composer**: Manami Matsumae
- **series**: _Mega Man_
- **genre**: Action game, Action, platform game, platform
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation (console), PlayStation, mobile phones, Virtual Console, PlayStation Store, Android (operating system), Android, PlayStation Portable
Mario Kart 64

is a Nintendo 64 racing game and the second main installment for the _Mario Kart_ series made by Nintendo. It was later released for the Wii's Virtual Console in January 2007, and for the Wii U in January 2016, and is one of the launch titles for the Nintendo Switch Online. It features Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach, Toad, Yoshi, Donkey Kong, Wario, and Bowser as playable characters. This game marks the first appearance of Luigi, Wario, and Donkey Kong in a Nintendo 64 game.

## Courses

|Mushroom Cup|Flower Cup|Star Cup|Special Cup|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Luigi Raceway|Toad's Turnpike|Wario Stadium|DK's Jungle Parkway|
|Moo Moo Farm|Frappe Snowland|Sherbet Land|Yoshi Valley|
|Koopa Troopa Beach|Choco Mountain|Royal Raceway|Banshee Boardwalk|
|Kalimari Desert|Mario Raceway|Bowser Koop|Rainbow Road|

## Other websites

- Official Nintendo Japan _Mario Kart 64_ site
- _Mario Kart 64_ at the Super Mario Wiki

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mario Kart 64
- **developer**: Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development, Nintendo EAD
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **series**: _Mario Kart_
- **platforms**: Nintendo 64, iQue Player, Virtual Console (Wii, Wii U), Nintendo Switch, Nintendo Switch Online
- **released**: **Nintendo 64:**
**iQue Player:**
**Virtual Console (Wii):**
**Virtual Console (Wii U):**
**Nintendo Switch Online:**

- **genre**: Racing game
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer game, multiplayer