juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Voiced alveolar trill

The **voiced alveolar trill** is a type of consonant. It is found in some spoken languages. It is usually called the **rolled R**, **rolling R**, or **trilled R**. The International Phonetic Alphabet letter for this sound is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <samp>r</samp>.

Dictionaries of languages like English and German sometimes use the symbol ⟨⟩. They have rhotic consonants that are not an alveolar trill. This is because typing the letter _r_ is easier.

In many Indo-European languages, this sound is sometimes an allophone of the alveolar tap . This happens especially in unstressed syllables. Some languages like Catalan, Spanish, Albanian and some Portuguese treat these as two different sounds.

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Arabic|||'head'||
|Dutch|||'red'||
|English|Scottish|||'curd'|
|French|southern France and Corsica|||'red'|
|German|some dialects|||'nonsense'|
|Hindi|||'house'||
|Italian|||'earth'||
|Malay|Standard|||'direction'|
|Russian|||'to play'||
|Spanish|||'dog'||

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa-number**: 122
- **decimal**: 114
- **xsampa**: r
- **kirshenbaum**: r<trl>
Voiced bilabial trill

The **voiced bilabial trill** is a consonant. It is used in some spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <samp>B\</samp>.

In many of the languages that contain the voiced bilabial trill, it only occurs as part of a prenasalised bilabial stop with trilled release, . This developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel, such as . In such instances, these sounds are usually still limited to the environment of a following .

## Features

Features of the bilabial trill:
 In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop.

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Kele||'face'|||
|Kom||'to believe'|||
|Pirahã|||'evil spirit'|allophone of  before|
|Titan||'wooden plate'|||
|Ubykh||'Ubykh language'|allophone of .See Ubykh phonology.||
|Unua||'pig'|||
|Wari’||'chicken'|||

## Other websites

- Oro Win recordings

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: ʙ
- **ipa-number**: 121
- **decimal**: 665
- **ipa-image**: bilabial trill (vector).svg
- **xsampa**: B\
- **kirshenbaum**: b<trl>
Lon Chaney

**Lon Chaney** (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American actor during the age of silent movies.  He is said to be one of the most best actors of early movies. He was well known for his playing tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters. He was famous for his artistry with makeup. Chaney is remembered for starring in silent horror movies. These include _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ and _The Phantom of the Opera_. His ability to change himself using makeup techniques which he created earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces."

## Cultural references

- In the 1970s _The Scooby-Doo Movies_ episode "The Exteriminator", the eccentric actor/master of disguise Lorn Chumley is a tribute to Lon Chaney.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lon Chaney
- **image**: Lon Chaney, Sr. The Miracle Man.jpg
- **caption**: Chaney during the production of _The Miracle Man_, 1919
- **birth name**: Leonidas Frank Chaney
- **birth place**: Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Throat hemorrhage caused by lung cancer
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California
- **children**: Lon Chaney Jr. (born Creighton Tull Chaney)
- **years active**: 1902-1930
- **spouse**: Cleva Creighton (1906-1915)
Hazel Hastings (1915-1930)
Jo Gwang-jo

**Jo Gwang-jo** (1482 - 1519) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His pen name was Jeongam (靜庵, 정암). His style name was Hyojik (孝直, 효직). He was a leader of the Sarim party (士林, 사림).

## Books

- Jeongamjip (정암집, 靜庵集)

## Related pages

- Sarim
- Gimyosahwa
- Kim Jong-jik

## Other websites

- Jo Gwang-jo
- Jo Gwang-jo:Navercast
Twink

**Twink** is a gay slang term. It describes a young or young-looking gay man in the 18–25 age range. While traditionally associated with a slender build and minimal body or facial hair, twinks can have varying levels of hair. The term is sometimes used in a derogatory and pejorative manner by bears.

The twink's namesake is the Hostess Twinkie, a golden-colored, phallic-shaped, cream-filled snack cake thought to have little nutritional value.  Qualifiers such as _muscle_ or _femme_ have narrowed the meaning of twink to a more specific type.
Kim Jong-jik

**Kim Jong-jik** (, hanja:金宗直, June 1431 - August 19, 1492) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician, and soldier of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. His pen name was Jeompiljae (점필재, 佔畢齋). His style names were Gyeon (계온, 季溫) and Hyogwan (효관, 孝盥). Majority header and Ideological, academic ancestors of Sarim party (士林, 사림).

## Works

- Jeompiljaejip (점필재집)
- Cheonggupunga (청구풍아, 靑丘風雅)
- Dongmunsu (동문수, 東文粹)
- Danghuilgi (당후일기)
- Yuduyurok (유두유록, 遊頭流錄)
- Gihaengrok (기행록, 紀行錄)

## Related pages

- Sarim
- Jo Gwang-jo
- Nam Gon
- Kim Jeon
- Shim Jeong
- Gil Jae

## Other websites

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=32271
- Kim Jong-jik Memorial Museum
- Kim Jong-jik
Kashihara, Nara

is a Japanese city in Nara Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

According to legend, Emperor Jimmu was enthroned at Kahihara.

Fujiwara-kyō was the ancient capital of Japan from the year 694 to 710.

The modern city was established in 1956.

Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe died in Nara Medical University Hospital after he was shot during a campaign speech on 8 July 2022 by a 41-year-old unemployed man, Tetsuya Yamagami.

## Other websites

- Kashihara website 

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Kashihara
- **japanesename**: 橿原市
- **mapimage**: Kashihara in Nara Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **prefecture**: Nara Prefecture, Nara
- **imageskyline**: 251206 Kashihara Shrine Kashihara Nara pref Japan02s3.jpg
- **imagecaption**: Kashihara Shrine
- **area km2**: 39.52
- **popdate**: April 1, 2015
- **population**: 124,829
- **density km2**: 3176.79
- **tree**: Oak
- **flower**: Common gardenia
- **image flag**: Flag of Kashihara, Nara.svg
- **symbolimage**: Emblem of Kashihara, Nara.svg
- **symboldescription**: Emblem
- **mayor**: Yutaka Morishita
- **cityhallpostalcode**: 634-8586
- **cityhalladdress**: 1-1-18 Yagi-chō, Kashihara-shi, Nara-ken
Plutonism

**Plutonism** (or **Vulcanism**) is the theory that the rocks forming the Earth were formed in fire by volcanic activity.

It was named after Pluto, the classical ruler of the underworld, or alternatively after Vulcan, the ancient Roman god of fire and volcanoes. The theory was first proposed by Abbé Anton Moro who had studied volcanic islands. It was subsequently developed by James Hutton as part of his _Theory of the Earth_ published in 1788.

The Plutonists strongly disputed the Neptunist view that rocks had been formed by processes that no longer operated, instead supporting Hutton's uniformitarianism.
Jermaine Stewart

**William Jermaine Stewart** (September 7, 1957 - March 17, 1997) was an American singer. He was born in Columbus, Ohio and moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1972. He is best known for his song We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off, which was released in 1986. He died of AIDS in Homewood, Illinois.
Deborah Kerr

**Deborah Kerr** CBE (30 September 1921 – 16 October 2007) was a British actress. She was born Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer in Glasgow, Scotland. She won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her starring role as Anna Leonowens in _The King and I_.

Kerr died of Parkinson's disease in Botesdale, Suffolk.
Tea bag (sexual act)

**Tea bag** is a slang term for a sexual act in which the male puts his scrotum into his partner's mouth over and over. It is called "tea bagging" because it is like a tea bag being put into a cup of hot water and dipped. Some people would not like being tea bagged,  but it does not need to be painful.

Tea bagging has been used during hazing or bullying incidents. Groups hold down victims while somebody "shoved his testicles in [the victim's] face" or puts his "crotch to his head."
Troll (gay slang)

**Troll** and **trolling** are gay slang terms. Troll is used to characterize gay, bisexual and questioning or bi-curious men who cruise or "wander about looking" for sex or potential sex partners or experiences "in a notably wanton manner and with lessened standards of what one will accept in a partner."

The term can be used positively or negatively depending on the speaker, usage, and intent. The term can describe the person or the activity. Although often referring to "an unattractive older gay man" and although troll as a slur "is primarily a visual, not a behavioral" judgment, the terms can be used for anyone who is _trolling_ regardless of the putative troll's age or perceived beauty.
Ichihara, Chiba

is a Japanese city in Chiba Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

Ichihara is in the area of ancient Kazusa province.

### 2011 earthquake

On Friday, March 11, 2011, the Tōhoku earthquake caused damage in Ichihara. Natural gas storage tanks were set on fire by the earthquake.

## Geography

Ichihara is on the east coast of Toyko bay. In other words, it is on the west coast of Bōsō Peninsula.

## Related pages

- JEF United Ichihara Chiba

## Other websites

- Ichihara website 

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ichihara
- **native name**: 市原市
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: City
- **image flag**: Flag of Ichihara, Chiba.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Ichihara, Chiba.svg
- **image map**: Ichihara in Chiba Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: <small>Location of Ichihara in Chiba Prefecture, Chiba</small>
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Chiba prefecture, Chiba
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Takayoshi Sakuma (since June 2003)
- **area total km2**: 368.20
- **population total**: 279031
- **population as of**: August 2010
- **population density km2**: 758
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgo
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Cosmos (plant), Cosmos
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Japanese Bush-warbler
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0436-22-1111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-1-1 Kokubunjidai Chūō, Ichihara-shi, Chiba-ken 290-8501
- **website**: [http://www.city.ichihara.chiba.jp/ City of Ichihara]
Lauren Holly

**Lauren Holly** (born October 28, 1963, Bristol, Pennsylvania) is a Canadian-American television and movie actress. She played Maxine Stewart in the CBS television show "Picket Fences". She played Mary Swanson in the 1994 movie _Dumb and Dumber_. She also did many other TV and movie performances. She was married to actor Jim Carrey between 1996 and 1997. She is of Belgian, Dutch, English, Finnish, Flemish, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Norwegian, Scottish, Swiss, Walloon and Welsh descent.
1600 Penn

***1600 Penn*** is an American sitcom created by Josh Gad and former Barack Obama speechwriter, Jon Lovett for the NBC television network.

## Plot

It shows a family and about their life in the White House.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: 1600 Penn (20th Century Fox Television) logo.svg
- **genre**: Sitcom
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 13
- **camera**: Single-camera setup, Single-camera
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **network**: NBC
Brian Urlacher

**Brian Keith Urlacher** is a former American football player. and used to play for the Chicago Bears. Urlacher is known for being one of the best players in the league, being named to 8 Pro Bowls, and winning Defensive Rookie of the Year in 2000. Urlacher played for the University of New Mexico during his college days, being a Heisman Trophy finalist in 1999, and was drafted in the 2000 NFL Draft in the 1st round 9th overall by the Bears. After 5 years of being at the bottom of the NFC North (except for 2001), the Bears finally reached Super Bowl XLI, even though they lost to Peyton Manning and the Indianapolis Colts, Urlacher still finished the year with 93 tackles and 3 forced fumbles, and was also a runner-up for the Defensive Player of the Year. In 2007 which was a year of being last in the North, Urlacher told press that he had a bad back, but it wasn't bad. Even though this issue came around, he still was able to get 5 interceptions, 5 sacks, 1 fumble recovery, 123 tackles, and a defensive touchdown. In 2009, Urlacher broke his wrist, and was out for the year. In 2010, the Bears defense became stronger, with the signing of Julius Peppers, winning the NFC North, but lost to the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship. In 2011, against the Minnesota Vikings, Urlacher hurt his MCL. Luckily, there was no ACL damage. Because of his injury, he didn't play in the 2010 Pro Bowl.

In March 2013, Urlacher was released, and retired on May 23. Eventually, Urlacher joined Fox Sports 1 as an analyst.

## Other websites

- Urlacher's Web Site
- Chicago Bears Bio on Urlacher

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Brian Urlacher
- **image**: Brian Urlacher 2009.jpg
- **image size**: 275
- **number**: 54
- **position**: Linebacker
- **birth place**: Pasco, Washington
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 258
- **high school**: Lovington High School, Lovington
(Lovington, New Mexico)
- **college**: New Mexico Lobos football, New Mexico
- **draftyear**: 2000
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 9
- **pastteams**: * Chicago Bears (–)
- **highlights**: * 8× Pro Bowl (2001 Pro Bowl, 2000–2004 Pro Bowl, 2003, 2006 Pro Bowl, 2005–2007 Pro Bowl, 2006, 2011 Pro Bowl, 2010–2012 Pro Bowl, 2011)
* 4× First-team All-Pro (2001 All-Pro Team, 2001, 2002 All-Pro Team, 2002, 2005 All-Pro Team, 2005, 2006 All-Pro Team, 2006)
* Second-team All-Pro (2010 All-Pro Team, 2010)
* National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award, NFL Defensive Player of the Year (2005)
* National Football League Rookie of the Year Award, NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year (2000)
* National Football League 2000s All-Decade Team, NFL 2000s All-Decade Team
* Consensus College Football All-America Team, All-American (1999 College Football All-America Team, 1999)
* New Mexico Lobos football, New Mexico Lobos No. 44 retired
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Tackles
- **statvalue1**: 1,354
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sacks
- **statvalue2**: 41.5
- **statlabel3**: Interceptions
- **statvalue3**: 22
- **statlabel4**: Touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 2
- **nfl**: URL059326
- **pfr**: UrlaBr00
- **collegehof**: 2417
- **hof**: brian-urlacher
Wounded Knee Massacre

The **Wounded Knee Massacre** was a brief fight between the Native American Lakota people and the US Army. It took place at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota on December 29, 1890. About 300 Lakota and 25 soldiers were killed. The Lakota were part of the Sioux nation. The army had been sent into the area to take the guns owned by the Lakota.

## Ghost Dance

During the 1890's, a Native American shaman, named Wovoka, began teaching people about his visions for the future. He said the living would join with the dead, and the prairies would be covered in new soil. This would bury the European settlers, and life would return to the way it had been with lots of bison and other animals to hunt. To make this happen, he told people they would have to perform the Ghost Dance. The dancers wore brightly colored shirts with pictures of bison and eagles. They believed the shirts had magic powers which would protect them from bullets. The Ghost Dance caused a lot of excitement in the Sioux camps. European settlers were worried by these beliefs and the sight of wild and crazy people dancing in the snow. They demanded protection from the army.

## Massacre

The army was sent in to the Native American camps to arrest the leaders and take away their weapons until things settled down. Chief Sitting Bull was killed when the army tried to arrest him at Standing Rock Reservation of December 15, 1890. The army then went to arrest Chief Big Foot. On December 28, the army found Chief Big Foot, who was leading his people south to the Pine Ridge Reservation, near the Wounded Knee Creek. The next morning Chief Big Foot met with Colonel Forsyth.

During the meeting a shot was fired, and very quickly both groups began shooting at each other. The army had Hotchkiss cannons which fired into the tepees. Many women and children were caught in the gunfire. When the shooting stopped over 300 people had been killed.
Television producer

A television producer is a person who oversees one or more aspects of video production on a television program. Some producers take more of an executive role, in that they conceive new programs and pitch them to the television networks, but upon acceptance they focus on business matters, such as budgets and contracts. Other producers are more involved with the day-to-day workings, participating in activities such as screenwriting, set design, casting, and directing.

There are a variety of different producers on a television show. A traditional producer is one who manages a show's budget and maintains a schedule, but this is no longer the case in modern television.

## Related pages

- Television director
- Television presenter
Tok Pisin

**Tok Pisin** (pronounced: ) is a market language used in parts of the South Pacific, mainly Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, but also in areas of Vanuatu, where a second language known as Bislama is also spoken.  A market language is one which is used as an everyday language between people who don't speak a common language.

Tok Pisin is a Creole language, meaning that it's a mixture of other languages, mainly English, German and Tahitian.

## Related pages

- Languages of Papua New Guinea
- Languages of New Zealand
- Languages of Australia

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Tok Pisin
- **states**: Papua New Guinea
- **speakers**: 122,000
- **date**: 2004
- **speakers2**: 4 million Second language, L2 speakers
- **familycolor**: Creole
- **fam1**: English-based creole languages, English Creole
- **fam2**: Pacific
- **iso2**: tpi
- **iso3**: tpi
- **lingua**: 52-ABB-cc
- **notice**: IPA
Emmanuel Sanders

**Emmanuel Sanders** (born March 17, 1987) is an American football wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Steelers in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. Sanders played college football at Southern Methodist University. He also played for the Denver Broncos from 2014 to 2019.

## College

Sanders spent his college football career at Southern Methodist University.

### Pittsburgh Steelers

Sanders was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 3rd round (#82 overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. With the Steelers, Sanders played as a solid backup behind Hines Ward, Antonio Brown, and Mike Wallace. Sanders missed a Week 9 game on November 6, 2011 against the Baltimore Ravens because his mother died. For his career, Sanders has a total of 50 catches for 664 yards and 4 touchdowns.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Emmanuel Sanders
- **image**: Emmanuel Sanders 2019 (cropped).JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Sanders with the Denver Broncos in 2019
- **current team**: Buffalo Bills
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Bellville, Texas
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lbs**: 180
- **high school**: Bellville High School (Texas), Bellville (Bellville, Texas)
- **college**: SMU Mustangs football, SMU
- **draftyear**: 2010
- **draftround**: 3
- **draftpick**: 82
- **pastteams**: * Pittsburgh Steelers (–)
* Denver Broncos (–)
* San Francisco 49ers ()
* New Orleans Saints ()
* Buffalo Bills (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl 50, 50)
* 2× Pro Bowl (2015 Pro Bowl, 2014, 2017 Pro Bowl, 2016)
* First-team All-C-USA (2009)
* Second-team All-C-USA (2008)
- **statseason**: 2020
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 662
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 8,619
- **statlabel3**: Return yards
- **statvalue3**: 1,370
- **statlabel4**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue4**: 171
- **statlabel5**: Touchdown, Total touchdowns
- **statvalue5**: 50
- **nfl**: Emmanuel-Sanders
- **pfr**: S/SandEm00
Bean queen

**Bean queen** (sometimes **rice and bean queen**) is a derogatory slang term. The term refers to a white gay man who is chiefly attracted to Hispanic and Latino men.

One source describes these white gay males as "Gay men who are attracted to gentlemen of the Latino flava." "Bean queen" is probably derived from "rice queen". This term refers to a gay white male who is attracted to Asian men. In this case, the word rice (the food that forms the basis of the Asian diet) has been substituted with the word bean or rice and bean, foods popular throughout Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Other food-based variations include _taco queen_ and _salsa queen_. _Refried beans_ refers to Hispanic and Latino men who prefer other Hispanic and Latino men. Much less frequently, these terms are used to describe gay Latino men themselves. The term is also used in a derogatory manner when referring to a drag queen of Hispanic or Latino background.
Drag queen

**Drag queen** is a gay slang term. It refers to a person who dresses up and portrays a woman for entertainment purposes. Although men dressed as women are the most common type of drag queen, trans women, female impersonators, and many other people can also be considered a drag queen. Drag queens exaggerate certain characteristics (such as make-up and eyelashes) for comic, dramatic, or satirical effect. Drag queens perform in gay bars. They participate in gay pride parades and drag pageants. They may make appearances at events such as gay rodeos. They generally do not want to pass as women. RuPaul is a drag queen well known through his many television appearances in the 1990s. He is the host of one of, if not the most, famous television show about drag, RuPaul's Drag Race. Movies about drag queens include _The Birdcage_ and _The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert_.

## Related pages

- Drag king
- Queen Harish
- Cross-dressing
French kiss

**French kisses** are kisses in which tongues touch. These kisses are usually romantic. French kisses are usually reserved for those in love.

The Petit Robert 2014 French dictionary, released in 2013, added the French verb "se galocher" as slang for kissing with tongues. The informal English term "frenching" also means French kissing, as does the Quebec French term "frencher".
RuPaul

**RuPaul** (born **RuPaul Andre Charles** on November 17, 1960 in San Diego) is an African-American actor, drag queen, model, author, and singer-songwriter.

He first became widely known in the 1990s, when he appeared in a wide variety of television programs, films, and musical albums. He was a fixture on the Atlanta and New York City gay club scenes during the 1980s and early 1990s.

On occasion, RuPaul has performed as a man in a number of roles. He is usually billed as RuPaul Charles.

RuPaul is noted among famous drag queens for his indifference towards the gender-specific pronouns used to address him. He said: "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee; I don't care! Just as long as you call me."

He hosted a short-running talk show on VH1. He has hosted reality television shows called _RuPaul's Drag Race_ and _RuPaul's Drag U_.

In 2020, he learned that he and New Jersey Senator Cory Booker are cousins; they discovered it by appearing on the TV show _Finding Your Roots_.
I Hate My Teenage Daughter

***I Hate My Teenage Daughter*** is an American sitcom first aired on November 30, 2011 on Fox.

On March 15, 2012, Fox announced they were removing _I Hate My Teenage Daughter_ from the Tuesday night schedule, and that _I Hate My Teenage Daughter_ would be replaced by reruns of _Raising Hope_, and that the remaining episodes would air in the Summer.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Sitcom
- **developer**: Sherry Bilsing
Ellen Kreamer
- **starring**: Jaime Pressly
Katie Finneran
Kevin Rahm
Chad Coleman, Chad L. Coleman
Eric Sheffer Stevens
Aisha Dee
Kristi Lauren
- **executive producer**: Sherry Bilsing
Ellen Kreamer
- **company**: Warner Bros. Television
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **camera**: Multi-camera setup, Multi-camera
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **last aired**: present
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 7
- **list episodes**: #Episodes
Chi Chi LaRue

**Chi Chi LaRue** (born Larry David Paciotti on November 8, 1959) is an American movie director of gay, bisexual, and straight pornography. He was born in Hibbing, Minnesota. He is best known in his drag name, Chi Chi LaRue. He has also directed under the names Lawrence David and Taylor Hudson.
John Epperson

**Lypsinka** (born John Epperson on 24 April 1955) is an American drag queen, actor, pianist, vocalist, and writer. Epperson was born in Hazelhurst, Mississippi. He moved to New York City in 1978. He did drag gigs on the side at various nightspots. "Lypsinka" first appeared in 1988 in New York as a late-night addition to Charles Busch's _Vampire Lesbians of Sodom_. Lypsinka has appeared in solo shows Off-Broadway. Epperson says Lypsinka was modelled on Dolores Gray. For his show _Lypsinka! The Boxed Set_, Epperson won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Sound Design, the LA Weekly Theater Award for Best Solo Performance, and the Helen Hayes Award for Best Non-resident Production in 2003.
Kuch Toh Log Kahenge

***Kuch Toh Log Kahenge*** is an Indian soap opera television program.  It airs on Sony TV. It first appeared on TV on October 3, 2011. It is a remake of the Pakistani classical TV drama _Dhoop Kinare_. _Kuch Toh Log Kahenge_ is a love story between two people who have a substantial age gap. It last appeared on TV on March 28, 2013.

At first, actors Kritika Kamra and Mohnish Behl played the two main characters. Mohnish Behl was later replaced by Sharad Kelkar.

## Plot

_Kuch Toh Log Kahenge_ takes places in a hospital in Lucknow.

_Kuch Toh Log Kahenge_ is a love story between people from two different generations: a young, spirited Dr. Nidhi Verma (age 24) and a brooding and handsome Dr. Ashutosh (age 42). These two people do not know that they have a connection from their past.

## Awards

KTLK's entire cast and crew won an award at the 18th Lion Gold Awards.

## Cast

- Kritika Kamra as Dr. Nidhi Verma (female protagonist)
- Mohnish Behl/Sharad Kelkar as Dr. Ashutosh (male protagonist)
- Karan Wahi as Rohan, a friend of Nidhi
- Rukhsar Rehman as Dr. Malika, an old friend of Dr. Ashutosh
- Ishita Sharma as Anji Solanki, a childhood friend of Nidhi
- Vishal Malhotra as Dr. Rangnath
- Puneet Tejwani as Aditya, Brother of Malika
- Nitesh Pandey as Armaan, a childhood friend of Aashutosh
- Vijay Kashyap as Yograj Verma
- Nandita Puri as Shyama Solanki
- Kavita Vaid as Dadi Bua
- Lekha Tiwari as Suhasini
- Mansi Parekh as Mandira

## Other websites

- Kuch Toh Log Kahenge Official Website
- Kuch To Log Kahenge – The Biggest Romance on Indian Television 
- Kuch To Log Kahenge – Daily Episodes 
- Watch Episodes
- Website (apni.tv)
- _KTLK_ at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **genre**: Soap opera
- **creator**: Director Kut Productions
- **writer**: Kamlesh Pandey
- **director**: Mandar Devasthali
- **creative director**: Ritesh Modi
- **starring**: Kritika Kamra and Sharad Kelkar in leads for more #Cast, See Below
- **opentheme**: "Saiyan Naino Ki Bhasha" by Sukanya Purkayastha
- **cinematography**: Sanjay Jadhav
- **editor**: Sameer Gandhi
- **country**: India
- **network**: Sony Entertainment Television India, Sony TV
- **language**: Hindi
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 346
Natalie West

**Natalie Marla West** (born January 23, 1956) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Crystal Anderson Conner on the television series _Rosanne on ABC.

West has been in some movies. These include _Life Sentence_ (2004) and _The Poker House'' (2007).

## Infobox (person)

- **birthname**: Natalie Marla West
- **birth place**: Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1988–present
Yi See-young

**Yi See-young** (, 3 December 1868 - 19 April 1953) was a politician and independence activist, politicians and Neo-confucian scholars of South Korea. He was first Vice President of South Korea 1948 to 1952. His pen name was Seongjae (성재, 省齋), Seerimshanin(시림산인, 始林山人).

## Work book

- Gamseemanuh(감시만어, 感時漫語)

## Related pages

- Rhee Syng-man
- Kim Gu
- Kim Kyu-sik
- Chang Myon

## Other websites

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=126966
- http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=542586
Voiced alveolar approximant

The **alveolar approximant** is a consonant. It is used in some languages. It is used in English where the letter "r" is used for the sound, as in run or brick. The International Phonetic Alphabet represents the alveolar and postalveolar approximants as . International Phonetic Alphabet represents it as a lowercase letter _r_ rotated 180 degrees, or in broad transcription ; the X-SAMPA symbol of this is ⟨<samp>r\</samp>⟩.

Many times the symbol is written as ⟨⟩ instead of  because typing ⟨⟩ is easier.

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Armenian|Eastern|||'coffee'|
|Chukchi|ңи**р**эк||'two'||
|Dutch|Goois|||'through'|
|Leiden dialect|||'rat'||
|English|American dialects|||'red'|
|align="center"|Australian||||
|align="center"|Received Pronunciation||||
|Faroese|||'rudder'||
|German|Westerwald|||'vine shoot'|
|align="center"|Siegerland||||
|align="center"|Upper Lusatian||||
|Portuguese|Many Central-Southern Brazilian dialects|||'green'|
|Some countryside Central-Southern Brazilian dialects|||'rainstorm'||
|Spanish|Some dialects|_do**s**cientos_||'two hundred'|
|Vietnamese|||'to clean'||
|Zapotec|Tilquiapan|**_r**dɨ_||'pass'|

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: ɹ
- **ipa symbol2**: ð̠˕
- **ipa number**: 151
- **decimal**: 633
- **xsampa**: r\ **or** D_r_o
- **kirshenbaum**: r
- **braille**: 3456
- **imagefile**: IPA Unicode 0x0279.svg
- **imagesize**: 100px
Jo Sik

**Jo Sik** (or Cho Shik) (, 1501–1572) was a politician and Confucianist scholar of Korea. His nickname was **Nammyung**, rival of Twaegye Yi Hwang.

## Work book

- Nammyungjip (남명집 南冥集)
- Nammyunghakgi (남명학기 南冥學記)
- Shinmyungshado (신명사도 神明舍圖)
- Phahanjapgi (파한잡기 破閑雜記)
- Nammyunghakgiyupyun (남명학기유편 南冥學記類編)
- Nammyungga (남명가)
- Gwonseonjirogha (권선지로가 勸善指路歌)

## Related pages

- Yi Hwang
- Yi I

## Other websites

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=138990
- Nammyung Cho Shik's memorial
- Cho Shik:Navercast
Crown group

A **crown group** is a group of living species and their ancestors back to the most recent common ancestor. It is a term in cladistics and phylogenetics. It is a clade with at least some members that have survived to the present day. How a crown group is defined depends on which living species are chosen. One definition stresses the need for members of the crown group to have the clade's characteristic synapomorphy.

The idea was developed by Willi Hennig, the founder of phylogenetic systematics, but he did not use this term. The terms "crown group" and "stem group" were invented by R.P.S. Jefferies in 1979. Though invented in the 1970s, the term was not often used until it was reintroduced in the 2000s.

One very simplified cladogram for birds is shown below:

- Aves 
    - †_Archaeopteryx_ and its extinct relatives
    - †_Avisaurus_ and its extinct relatives
    - †_Hesperornis_ and its extinct relatives
    - †_Ichthyornis_
    - Crown group, Neornithes includes all living birds
        - Neoaves (most modern birds and their extinct ancestors)
        - Paleognathae (ratites and some others)
        - Galloanserae (ducks, chickens and some others)

_Archaeopteryx_ and some other extinct groups are not included in the crown group Neornithes. They fall outside the clade, as they diverged earlier. Neoaves can also be considered a crown group, as can Paleognathae, the ratites clade, and Galloanserae, the ducks and chickens clade. Bigger crown groups can also be defined, such as the phylum Chordata.

## Stem group

The **stem group** of birds would be all the earlier Aves minus the crown group Neornithes.
Vampire Lesbians of Sodom

***Vampire Lesbians of Sodom*** is a satirical play by Charles Busch. It is about two immortal vampire lesbians.  They are locked in eternal antagonism after surviving the downfall of the Biblical city of Sodom. Both women arrive in Jazz Age Broadway and Hollywood. They pretend to be silent movie stars. They reach a truce in a final scene set in Las Vegas in the 1980s. _The New York Times_ described the show as having "costumes flashier than pinball machines, outrageous lines, awful puns, sinister innocence, [and] harmless depravity". It was first performed at the Limbo Lounge in Manhattan's East Village in 1984. It moved Off Broadway in June 1985 to the Provincetown Playhouse. It had a five year run.
Digital audio player

The **digital audio player** is a device that can play digital audio, such as CD and MP3 formatted music. Such devices include MP3 players and CD players. Some are portable and use battery power.
Daniel Levy

**Daniel Levy** (born 8 February 1962 in Essex) is the current chairman of Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. He has been the chairman since 2001.

## Career

He is managing director of ENIC International Ltd., which is an investment company. He replaced Alan Sugar as chairman of Tottenham in February 2001. This happened after ENIC bought a controlling stake in the club. ENIC is controlled by Joseph Lewis. Levy was before this a director of the Scottish football club Rangers, in which ENIC held a significant stake.  Before this, ENIC has also controlled many other European football clubs including AEK Athens, Slavia Prague and Vicenza. ENIC has also had power in non-football companies such as Warner Bros. and Autonomy.

### Tottenham Hotspur

He has changed many managers since becoming chairman, like (George Graham, Glenn Hoddle, David Pleat and Jacques Santini). When Martin Jol was manager, the team finished at 5th place in the Premier League and they qualified for the UEFA Cup also.

In summer of 2011, Chelsea tried to sign Tottenham's important player Luke Modric. But, Levy refused to sell Modric. After that, the club have started season 2011/12 very nicely and have won many matches in the Premier League.

## Personal life

Daniel Levy is married. He has four children- Joshua, Oliver, Chloe and Gabriella. He has a degree from Cambridge University in Land Economy.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Daniel Levy
- **image**: Daniel Levy.jpg
- **caption**: Levy in Qatar's Aspire Academy
- **birth name**: Daniel Levy
- **birth place**: Essex, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **known for**: ENIC International Ltd
                 Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Tottenham Hotspur
- **occupation**: Businessman
Municipalities in Japan

are the local governments and sub-divisions of the island nation.

There are three main types of municipalities in Japan:
- cities,
- towns,
- villages

There is a fourth type of municipality — the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

## History

In 1878, the national government enacted the "Municipalities Formation Law", the "Prefectural Assemblies Act", and the "Local Tax Ordinance".  Japan was organized into three levels of government:
1. the national government of Japan
1. the mid-level Prefectures of Japan
1. the local municipality governments

In 1889, the __shikuchōson'' was refined to create 39 cities and 15,820 towns and villages. The "Municipal Government Act" was a blend of Japanese customs and Prussia’s local government system.

After 1898, local officials were elected in municipal elections.

Since the 19th century, Japan has been divided into 47 prefectures; and each prefecture has many districts and municipalities.

In 1947, the "Local Autonomy Law" (LAL) further refined Japan's municipalities.

## Related pages

- Capital of Japan
- Provinces of Japan
- Districts of Japan

## Other websites

- graphic shows municipalities in context (PDF 7 of 40)
Sodom and Gomorrah

**Sodom and Gomorrah** are two ancient cities mentioned in the _Book of Genesis_. Both cities were destroyed by fire from God because of their gluttony and wickedness as shown in the passage “Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom, she and her daughters had pride, excess of food, and prosperous ease, but did not aid the poor and needy. They were haughty and did an abomination before me. So I removed them, when I saw it.” Ezekiel 16:49-50

Some scholars believe that the cities were in Moab, east of the southern edge of the Dead Sea. The word _sodomy_ (anal sex) is derived from Sodom. The story of Sodom and Gomorrah was made into a movie in 1963.

## In Genesis 18-19

God tells Abraham He plans to destroy Sodom because of its wickedness. Abraham gets God to promise to spare it if ten good men can be found.

Lot, Abraham's relative, lives in Sodom. He is visited by two angels who appeared to Lot as human men. An interpretation by some scholars is that the men of Sodom want to have anal sex with these visitors. Lot refuses to allow this. He offers the Sodomites his two virgin daughters instead. The men decline the offer. They storm Lot's door. The angels rescue Lot. They tell Lot that God has sent them to destroy Sodom for its wickness and self interest. They order Lot to gather his family, and leave the city. They forbid Lot or any of his family to look upon the city during its destruction. Lot and his family flee. Lot's wife looks back at the city. She is turned into a pillar of salt.
Tradeston Bridge

The **Tradeston Bridge**, also known as the **Squiggly Bridge**, is a pedestrian bridge that opened on May 14, 2009. It crosses the River Clyde in Glasgow to the districts of Anderston on the north bank with Tradeston on the south bank.

## Other websites

- Dissing+Weitling, Tradeston Bridge
Windsor Railway Bridge

**Windsor Railway Bridge** is a wrought iron 'tied arch'  bridge in Windsor, Berkshire. It was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and carried Brunel's Great Western Railway (GWR) branch line from Slough to Windsor (Windsor and Eton Central station). It crosses the River Thames between Romney Lock and Boveney Lock.

The bridge is a single-span structure with three bowstring trusses which created two bays for the original two GWR tracks. The bridge is the world's oldest wrought iron bridge still in regular service. It is a forerunner for Brunel's last masterpiece, the Royal Albert Bridge, Saltash. The bridge was Grade II* listed in 1975.

The line opened in 1849. The construction of the line was delayed and could not be included in the original Parliamentary Act because of objections from the Provost of Eton College.
The brick viaduct was constructed between 1861–65 to replace the original wooden trestle viaduct.

Although the bridge was built to take two tracks, the track on the upstream side was removed when the line was rationalised in the 1960s.  The trackbed on this side now carries a sewage or water main pipe.

## Infobox (_bridge)

- **bridge name**: Windsor Railway Bridge
- **image**: Brunelwindsorbridge.jpg
- **caption**: The wrought iron railway bridge
downstream side, looking towards Windsor
- **carries**: 2 tracks of Slough to Windsor & Eton line
- **crosses**: River Thames
- **locale**: Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor
- **design**: Tied arch
- **designer**: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Brunel
- **material**: Wrought iron
- **spans**: 1
- **open**: 1849
Saint Sebastian

**Saint Sebastian** (died c. 268) was a Christian saint and martyr. He is said to have been killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians.  He is usually depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. This is the most common artistic depiction of Sebastian. However, he was rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. He then criticized the emperor, and was clubbed to death. He is venerated in both the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches.
Menace II Society

**Menace II Society**, released May 26, 1993 by New Line Cinema, is an American urban crime drama movie set in and around South Central Los Angeles. It is rated R by the MPAA for violence, intense language and drug use. Several different versions exist for this motion picture. The character Caine was originally supposed to be played by Spice-1, but he was replaced by Tyrin Turner. The character Sharif was originally supposed to be played by Tupac Shakur, although Shakur was later fired due to a dispute in which he wanted to play the character O-Dog. Larenz Tate later played O-Dog. A prison riot scene was cut from this motion picture to avoid receiving an NC-17. _Menace II Society_ received positive reviews by critics.
Aurelius and Natalia

**Aurelius and Natalia** (died 852) were Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba. They are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba. Aurelius and his wife Natalia were both the offspring of Muslim fathers. They were secretly Christians.  Aurelius's cousin Felix and his wife Liliosa were also Christians. Under Sharia Law, all four of them were required to profess Islam. In time though all four began to openly profess the Christian faith. The two women would go about in public with their faces unveiled. They were all swiftly arrested as apostates from Islam. They were given four days to recant. They refused, and were beheaded. They were martyred with a local monk, George. He had openly spoken out against the Islamic prophet Mohammed. He had been offered a pardon as a foreigner. He chose instead to denounce Islam again and die with the others. They are considered saints in the Roman Catholic Church. Their feast day is July 27.

## References

- Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. _The Penguin Dictionary of Saints_. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. .
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex

**Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG** (10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I. He was politically ambitious, and a committed general. He was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during the Nine Years' War in 1599. In 1601 he led an abortive _coup d'état_ against the government and was executed for treason. His story has been told in art and literature. Two well known examples are the opera _Roberto Devereux_ by Gaetano Donizetti and the movie _The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex_ starring Bette Davis and Errol Flynn.

Robert Devereux was one of Elizabeth I’s suitors, meaning he wanted to marry her.
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex

***The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex*** is a 1939 historical romantic drama movie. It is about the relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. The movie stars Bette Davis and Errol Flynn. The movie was directed by Michael Curtiz. It was based on the Maxwell Anderson play, _Elizabeth the Queen_.

The play had been a Broadway success with Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt in the lead roles. The supporting cast in the movie included Olivia de Havilland, Donald Crisp, Henry Daniell, Henry Stephenson and Vincent Price. The score was composed by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. He later used a theme from the movie in his _Symphony in F sharp major_.

The Technicolor cinematography was by Sol Polito. The elaborate costumes were designed by Orry-Kelly. The movie was a Warner Brothers production. The movie was a hit. It received five Academy Award nominations including Best Color Cinematography. Bette Davis was expected to receive a nomination. She was nominated instead for _Dark Victory_.
Batman Bridge

The **Batman Bridge** crosses the Tamar River in northern Tasmania, about 30 km north of Launceston. It was opened on 18 May 1968 by the Premier of Tasmania, Eric Reece. When it was built it was one of the first cable-stayed truss bridges in the world. It provides access between the north east and north west of Tasmania. It was named after John Batman, a Tasmanian pioneer and the founder of the city of Melbourne.

## Details

The bridge is held up by cables connected to a  high A frame tower on the west bank.  This tower is not straight, but leans  out over the river.  The bridge is  in length.  The main span over the river is  and with a span on the western shore of . The eastern side is approached by four continuous viaduct spans. The bridge is  above the high water level.  The steel deck has room for two lanes of traffic and a walk way for people on both sides.

## A frame

The bridge is built at the narrowest point on the Tamar River, at Whirlpool Reach. However, the east bank was found to be soft clay which would not support the bridge. The A frame tower on the west bank is built into the bedrock  below the surface and supported by steel cables concreted into tunnels in the bedrock. The tower supports the whole weight of the river span of the bridge.

## Other websites

- Photos of Spidertech checking the cables
West Gate Bridge

The **West Gate Bridge** is a bridge across the Yarra River, near Melbourne, Victoria in Australia. It is the third longest bridge in Australia. The bridge's length, including the approaches is . Work began on the bridge on 22 April 1968. It was opened on 15 November 1978 at a cost of AU$202 million. It was the scene of Australia's worst industrial accident when part of the bridge collapsed in October 1970. The accident killed 35 men and injured 18 others.

## Details

The bridge is a box girder and cable-stayed bridge. The bridge deck is  above the water level to allow ships to pass underneath. The supporting pylons are  high, and help support a span of . The bridge is  wide. It carries eight lanes of traffic. About 160,000 vehicles travel over the bridge each day.

## Collapse

Problems were first noticed on the West Gate Bridge in May 1970 when several steel girders did not fit into position by about . Engineers proposed putting ten concrete blocks, each weighing about 8 tons, onto the girders to bend them into the correct position. In September 1970 it was noticed that this had caused part of the girder to buckle. On 15 October, the engineers began removing the bolts holding the buckled girders in place. This would allow the steel to unbuckle and new steel could be put up to support the damaged section. At 11:50 am the damaged section collapsed. Workers both on and under the bridge were killed when the 2,000 ton section fell  to the ground. In the end, 35 men were killed and 18 were injured.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: West Gate Bridge
- **image**: West Gate Bridge Melbourne.jpg
- **caption**: View of the bridge with a River Cruise Boat passing under
- **official name**: West Gate Bridge
- **carries**: 10 lanes (5 inbound, 5 outbound) of M1 (Queensland) for vehicles only
- **crosses**: Yarra River
- **locale**: Melbourne, Australia
- **maint**: VicRoads
- **id**: WGB
- **design**: Cable-stayed bridge, Cable-stayed Box girder bridge, box girder
- **width**: Maximum of
- **traffic**: 180,000
- **open**: 15 November 1978