juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chilean recluse spider

The **Chilean recluse spider**, ***Loxosceles laeta***, is a highly venomous spider of the family Sicariidae. It usually hides in cracks and corners that are difficult to access, hence its name. It is considered the most dangerous of the spiders of the genus Loxosceles, since its bite frequently produces severe systemic reactions and even death. The Sicarius spider is related to this spider and is therefore also considered dangerous.

## Distribution and Habitat

Loxosceles laeta is native to South America. It is very common in Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil.

It has been introduced to North America and several Central American countries, but does not naturally thrive in these countries. In the United States, the species became established in the Los Angeles area. Infestations have also been reported in Florida, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Vancouver, Canada.

## Behavior

The violinist spider is mainly nocturnal, its activity being increased on hot summer nights and with the moon. Although it is active throughout the year, its vitality decreases with the arrival of cold.  That is why its favorite places during the day are the dark corners, from which it comes out to hunt. This species of spider hides in dusty and unclean places, for example, under gas tanks, behind pictures, cornices, bookcases or in closets, especially with clothes.

One way to detect their presence is thanks to the existence of exoskeletons, left by the spider behind paintings, cornices, etc.  A single individual can leave three moults before reaching its adult size.

Another way is through its spider web, which has a messy and irregular design, and is generally located in right-angle profiles (corners), where it weaves a short, hammock-shaped horizontal web.  White and cottony, it is not very effective for aerial hunting of insects.

## Bite effect

Within the genus Loxosceles, this spider is the one with the largest distribution in South America and is the most dangerous. The anaphylactic picture produced by the toxin of the bite is called loxoscelism.

### Poison Action

The venom of Loxosceles laeta is potentially fatal depending on the inoculum-mass ratio of the individual.  Its action is essentially proteolytic and necrotic (dissolves tissues causing cell death). It contains powerful proteolytic enzymes that destroy everything that has protein, and can be 15 times more toxic than a cobra and 10 times more powerful than sulfuric acid burn. In addition, its venom has a high power of penetration in the liver and bile ducts. Its main toxic component is sphingomyelinase D, which interacts with cell membranes, triggering an immune reaction within the first 24-48 hours after the bite.
Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada

"**Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada**" (; "This Is Our Well Beloved Motherland") is the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau. Written in 1963 by Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973) and composed by Xiao He [zh] (1918–2010), it was adopted upon independence from Portugal in 1974.

## Lyrics

|Portuguese original|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem>**I** Sun, sweat, verdure and sea, Centuries of pain and hope; This is the land of our ancestors! Fruit of our hands, Of the flower of our blood: This is our beloved fatherland. Long live our glorious fatherland! The banner of the struggle has fluttered in the skies. Forward, against the foreign yoke! 𝄆 We are going to build In our immortal fatherland Peace and progress! 𝄇 **II** Branches of the same trunk, Eyes in the same light; This is the force of our union! The sea and the land sing, The dawn and the sun That our struggle fertilised! </poem>|
Jan de Winter

**Jan de Winter** (5 August 1939 – 17 October 2022) was a Dutch sculptor, glazier and painter.

## Biography

De Winter was born in Vlaardingen where he lived his whole life. He worked as a glazier at a company in Schiedam. He attended until 1962 evening courses at the Willem de Kooning Academy in Rotterdam until 1962. He said he learned more at the company than at the academy.

De Winter is known for his leaded windows and paintings and as an abstract sculptor. Many of his artworks are in the public area. One of his best-known works is leaded window 'Vuur, water en energie' (translated: Fire, water and energy). The ornament was designed in 1970 for the Gemeentelijk Energie- en Waterbedrijf (GEWB) (translated: Municipal Energy and Water Company). After the demolition of the building a school direcotor was able to save the artwork. It is since 2007 mounted above the main entrance of the Groen van Prinstererlyceum.

de Winter died in his house in Vlaardingen on 17 October 2022, at the age of 83 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jan de Winter
- **birth place**: Vlaardingen, Netherlands
- **death place**: Vlaardingen, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: sculptor, glazier and painter
Hammer to Fall

"**Hammer to Fall**" is a 1984 song by the band Queen. It was taken from their 11th studio album _The Works_ and is the fourth and final single. It went to number 3 in South Africa, number 13 in the United Kingdom and number 24 in Poland. It was performed at Live Aid in 1985.

## Track listings

**7" Single**

- A Side. "Hammer to Fall" (Single Version) - 3:40
- B Side. "Tear It Up" - 3:24

**12" Single**

- A Side. "Hammer to Fall" (Extended Version) - 5:25
- B Side. "Tear It Up" - 3:24

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Hammer to Fall
- **caption**: UK single picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: The Works (Queen album), The Works
- **a-side**: "Hammer to Fall" (Extended Version) <small> (12" single only)</small>
- **b-side**: "The Works (Queen album)#"Tear It Up", Tear It Up"
- **released**: 10 September 1984 (UK)
 12 October 1984 (US)
- **recorded**: January 1984
- **genre**: *Hard rock
*Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: * 4:28 (album version)
* 3:40 (single version)
* 5:25 (12" Headbanger's version)
- **label**: *EMI Records, EMI (UK)
*Capitol Records, Capitol (US)
- **writer**: Brian May
- **prev title**: It's a Hard Life
- **prev year**: 1984
- **next title**: Thank God It's Christmas
- **next year**: 1984
Swimming at the 1922 Women's Olympiad – 200 metre breaststroke

The **100 m freestyle event** at the 1922 Women's Olympiad was held from 21 to 22 April 1922. The venue of the competition was the Port Hercules, the harbour of Monte Carlo, Monaco.

### Heats

The winner of each heat and the fastest number two continued to the final. There were four heats, so a total of five swimmers continued to the final.

The Dutch Loes Brandt lost her heat from the French Harflinger and B. Petit. The British Doris Hart was the fastest during the heats with a time of 3:39. Other swimmers who continued to the final included Belgian Elisa van den Bogaert the Swedish Hjördis Töpel.

The French B. Petit was listed on the start list in heat 3, but in the results Peinkova from Czechoslovakia is named.
|Heat|Rank|Name|Nationality|Time|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|1|Doris Hart||3:39.8|**Q**|
|1|2|Margit Bratt||||
|1|3|Suzanne Bertrand||||
|2|1|Hjördis Töpel||3:41.4|**Q**|
|2|2|Suzanne Porte||3:57.4|**q**|
|2|3|Alice Stoffel||||
|3|1|Peinkova||3:52.8|**Q**|
|3|2|Alice Harflinger||||
|3|3|Loes Brandt||||
|4|1|Elisa van den Bogaert||3:49.8|**Q**|
|4|2|Joséphine Oberle||||
|4||Comte _(?)_||||
|?||Marthe Olivier _(?)_||||

Sources:

### Final

After the start the Belgian Van den Bogaert took the lead. After around 170 meters she was overtaken by the British Doris Hart. In a report of the final, the style how the English swam is described as a "beautiful style" and that "her breaststroke was flawless". The British Doris Hart won the race ahead of the Belgian Elisa van den Bogaert and Swedish Hjördis Töpel. With a time of 3:35, Hart was faster than during the heats.

All the four swimmers beated the French national record.

|Rank|Name|Nationality|Time|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Doris Hart||3:35|French national record|
||Elisa van den Bogaert||3:40||
||Hjördis Töpel||3:46||
|4|Fonkowia||3:46.2||
|DNS|Suzanne Porte|||did not start|

Sources:

## Infobox (sports competition event)

- **event**: 100 m freestyle
- **competition**: 1922 Women's Olympiad
- **venue**: Port Hercules
- **location**: Monte Carlo, Monaco
- **dates**: 21 April (heats)
22 April (final)
- **win value**: 3:35
- **gold**: Doris Hart (swimmer), Doris Hart
- **silver**: Elisa van den Bogaert
- **bronze**: Hjördis Töpel
- **gold nation**: GBR
- **silver nation**: BEL
- **bronze nation**: SWE
Radio Ga Ga

"**Radio Ga Ga**" is a 1984 song by Queen and is the lead single from their 11th studio album _The Works_. It went to number 1 in Belgium. Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden, number 2 in Australia, Austria, Norway and the United Kingdom and number 4 in New Zealand and South Africa.

## Track listings

**7" single**
- A-side. "Radio Ga Ga" (Album Version)
- B-side. "I Go Crazy" (Single Version)

**12" single**
- A-side. "Radio Ga Ga" (Extended Version)
- B1. "Radio Ga Ga" (Instrumental Version)
- B2. "I Go Crazy" (Single Version)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Radio Ga Ga
- **caption**: UK single picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: The Works (Queen album), The Works
- **a-side**: "Radio Ga Ga" (extended version)
- **b-side**: "Radio Ga Ga" (instrumental)
*"The Works (Queen album)#"I Go Crazy", I Go Crazy"
- **released**: 16 January 1984
- **genre**: *Pop rock
*Arena rock, stadium rock
*synth-pop
- **length**: *5:48 (7" album version)
*4:23 (USA radio edit)
*6:53 (12" extended version)
*6:01 (12" instrumental version)
- **label**: *EMI Records, EMI (UK)
*Capitol Records, Capitol (US)
- **writer**: Roger Taylor (Queen drummer), Roger Taylor
- **producer**: *Queen
*Reinhold Mack
- **prev title**: Back Chat
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: I Want to Break Free
- **next year**: 1984
Refugee (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers song)

"**Refugee**" is a 1980 song by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and is the second single from their third studio album _Damn the Torpedoes_. It went to number 2 in Canada, number 3 in New Zealand and number 15 in the United States. It has been covered by Melissa Etheridge in 2005.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Refugee
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
- **album**: Damn the Torpedoes (album), Damn the Torpedoes
- **b-side**: It's Rainin' Again
- **recorded**: 1979
- **genre**: rock music, Rock
- **length**: 3:25
- **label**: Backstreet Records, Backstreet
- **writer**: Tom Petty, Mike Campbell (musician), Mike Campbell
- **producer**: Jimmy Iovine, Tom Petty
- **prev title**: Don't Do Me Like That
- **prev year**: 1979
- **next title**: Here Comes My Girl
- **next year**: 1980
Don't Do Me Like That

"**Don't Do Me Like That**" is a 1979 song by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and is the leading single from their third studio album _Damn the Torpedoes_. It went to number 3 in Canada, number 10 in the United States (their only top 10 hit) and number 17 in New Zealand. It did not chart in the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Don't Do Me Like That
- **caption**: U.S. 7" vinyl
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
- **album**: Damn the Torpedoes (album), Damn the Torpedoes
- **genre**: *Rock music, Rock
*R&B
- **length**: 2:44
- **label**: Backstreet Records, Backstreet
- **writer**: Tom Petty
- **producer**: Jimmy Iovine
- **prev title**: Listen to Her Heart
- **prev year**: 1978
- **next title**: Refugee (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers song), Refugee
- **next year**: 1980
Valérie Cornetet

**Valérie Cornetet** is a French General officer. From July 2022 to May 2023, she is the director-general of the _Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées_ (French private aerospace university).

Cornetet graduated from the ENSTA Paris in 1990 and École Polytechnique in 2006. She started as Product Development Manager for Saint-Gobain. In 2011, she is nominated Head of Innovation Management and Intellectual Property for Siemens. Then, she became Product Manager for Mov'eo, the INRETS and Sopemea. In 2020, he joined higher education as deputy head of Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées. In July 2020, she became head of the College.

She quit her job on May 31st, 2023, replaced by Anne-Ségolène Abscheidt.

## Bibliography

- _Le futur de l'avion : Les prochains défis de l’industrie aéronautique_, Ivry-sur-Seine, FYP Éditions, 2020, 160 p. (ISBN 978-2-36405-203-1)

## Further reading

- Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, _Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique_, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Valérie Cornetet
- **birth name**: Cornetet
- **nationality**: France, French
- **citizenship**: France, French
- **known for**: Director-General of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées
- **education**: Master's degree
- **alma mater**: ENSTA Paris, École Polytechnique
- **predecessor**: Francis Pollet
- **successor**: Anne-Ségolène Abscheidt
- **children**: 2 children
Headlong (song)

"**Headlong**" is a 1991 song by Queen (band) and taken from their 14th studio album _Innuendo_. It went to number 14 in the United Kingdom and number 25 in Canada and Ireland. It did not chart in the United States.

## Track listings

- **7-inch single**
- A. "Headlong" – 4:38
- B. "All God's People" – 4:21

- **12-inch and CD single**
1. "Headlong" – 4:38
1. "All God's People" – 4:21
1. "Mad the Swine" – 3:19

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Headlong
- **caption**: Artwork for UK release
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: Innuendo (album), Innuendo
- **b-side**: *"All God's People"
* "Mad the Swine" <small> (12" and CD singles only)</small>
- **released**: 14 January 1991 (US)
13 May 1991 (UK)
- **recorded**: Early 1989mid-1990
- **genre**: Hard rock
- **length**: 4:38
- **label**: Parlophone <small>(Europe)</small>
Hollywood Records, Hollywood <small>(North America)</small>
- **writer**: Queen
<small>(Brian May)</small>
- **producer**: Queen and David Richards (record producer), David Richards
- **prev title**: I'm Going Slightly Mad
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: I Can't Live with You
- **next year**: 1991
August and Everything After

***August and Everything After*** is the debut studio album by the Counting Crows and released on 14 September, 1993 through Geffen Records. It went to number 4 in the United States, number 12 in Australia and New Zealand and number 16 in the United States. It went to receive two Grammy nominations in 1994.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: August and Everything After
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Counting Crows
- **recorded**: February−June 1993, in Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 51:42
- **label**: Geffen Records, Geffen
- **producer**: T Bone Burnett
- **next title**: Recovering the Satellites
- **next year**: 1996
Noureddine Farihi

**Noureddine Farihi** (18 May 1957 – 19 October 2022) was a Moroccon born Belgian television and movie actor. He was most known for playing Mo Fawzi in the television series _Thuis_.

## Career

Farihi made his debut at De Zwarte Komedie of Bert Verhoye. Farihi started playing Mo Fawzi in the television series _Thuis_ from 1999 to 2011. Farihi moved with his wife Mo and his son Robin to Morocco. After the succesfull years he was at the time not able to get other main roles. Later he played in the movies Patser (2018), Yummy (2019) and Gansta (2018). During his career he had guest roles in the television series Walhalla (Said), Taxios, Los (taxi driver), Flikken (Samier Benani), Branxelles (Nourdine), Badoir (driver), Patser (Oom Farid), Nachtwacht (Wensdjin) and Danni Lowinski (Kemal Ozlan).

## Personal life

Farihi was married twice and had a daughter from his first marriage and a son from his second marriage. Farihi died on 19 October 2022, aged 65, from cancer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Noureddine Farihi
- **birth place**: Casablanca, Morocco
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **occupation**: television and movie actor
Raju Srivastav

**Satya Prakash Srivastav** (25 December 1963 – 21 September 2022), known professionally as **Raju Srivastav** and often credited as **Gajodhar**, was an Indian comedian, actor and politician. He had been a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party since 2014.

He was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and moved to Mumbai in the 1980s to work in the Hindi film industry. He acted in _Baazigar_, _Bombay to Goa, Aamdani Atthanni Kharcha Rupaiya_ among others. He contested in the comedy show _The Great Indian Laughter Challenge_ and became the runner-up. He won the title of "The King of Comedy" in its spin-off show _The Great Indian Laughter Challenge – Champions_. He did many stand-up comedy live shows.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Raju Srivastav
- **image**: Raju-Srivastav.jpg
- **birth name**: Satyaprakash Srivastav
- **birth date**: 25 December 1963
- **birth place**: Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- **death date**: 21 September 2022 (aged 58)
- **death place**: New Delhi, India
- **genre**: Observational comedy
- **spouse**: Shikha Srivastav (m.1993)
- **notable work**: Standup comedy on _The Great Indian Laughter Challenge_
- **caption**: Srivastav during an event in 2012
Papallacta tree frog

The **Papallacta tree frog** (_Hyloscirtus psarolaimus_) is a frog. It lives on the east site of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia and Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 1950 and 2660 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 55.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 60.2 mm long. The skin on the frog's back is gray-brown in color with brown and white spots.  The sides and parts of the legs are white with dark brown stripes.  The throat and belly are gray-white with brown and gray spots.  The iris of the eye is the color of bronze with black lines in it.

This frog's scientific name comes from the Greek language word _psaros_ for "mottled" and _laimos_ for "throat." It comes from the colors on the frog's throat.
Billy Zabka

**Billy Zabka**, also known as **William Zabka** is an American actor known for playing the bully Johnny Lawrence in the 1984 movie _The Karate Kid_.
Alok Sharma

**Sir Alok Sharma** (born 7 September 1967) is a British politician. He was the President of COP27 from 2021 to 2022. He was formerly the Minister of State at the Cabinet Office from 8 January 2021 to 25 October 2022 and President for COP26 from 8 January 2021 to 6 November 2022. Resigning from his previous role as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to lead COP26, he retains a full Cabinet position. Sharma was a Conservative MP for Reading West from 2010 to 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Sir Alok Sharma
- **image**: Alok Sharma Official Cabinet Portrait, September 2021 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: President for COP26
- **term start**: 8 January 2021
- **term end**: 20 November 2022
- **predecessor**: _Office established_
- **successor**: _Office abolished_
- **office2**: Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
- **primeminister2**: Boris Johnson
- **term start2**: 13 February 2020
- **term end2**: 8 January 2021
- **predecessor2**: Andrea Leadsom
- **successor2**: Kwasi Kwarteng
- **office3**: Secretary of State for International Development
- **primeminister3**: Boris Johnson
- **term start3**: 24 July 2019
- **term end3**: 13 February 2020
- **predecessor3**: Rory Stewart
- **successor3**: Anne-Marie Trevelyan
- **office4**: Minister of State for Employment
- **primeminister4**: Theresa May
- **term start4**: 9 January 2018
- **term end4**: 24 July 2019
- **predecessor4**: Damian Hinds
- **successor4**: Mims Davies
- **office5**: Minister of State for Housing
- **primeminister5**: Theresa May
- **term start5**: 14 June 2017
- **term end5**: 9 January 2018
- **predecessor5**: Gavin Barwell
- **successor5**: Dominic Raab
- **office6**: Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Asia and the Pacific
- **term start6**: 17 July 2016
- **term end6**: 13 June 2017
- **predecessor6**: James Duddridge
- **successor6**: Mark Field
- **office8**: Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
- **term8**: TBD
- **termlabel8**: Assuming office
- **birth place**: Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
- **party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **residence**: Caversham, Reading, Caversham, Berkshire, England
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of Salford
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office7**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Reading West (UK Parliament constituency), Reading West
- **term start7**: 6 May 2010
- **term end7**: 30 May 2024
- **predecessor7**: Martin Salter
- **successor7**: _Constituency abolished_
- **primeminister6**: Theresa May
Ranil Jayawardena

**Ranil Malcolm Jayawardena** (born 3 September 1986) is a British politician for the Conservative Party.

He was Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 6 September 2022 to 25 October 2022. He served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Trade from 5 May 2020 to 6 September 2022. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Hampishire since 11 May 2015.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Ranil Jayawardena
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), MP
- **image**: Ranil Jayawardena official portrait (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2022
- **office**: Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
- **primeminister**: Liz Truss
- **term start**: 6 September 2022
- **term end**: 25 October 2022
- **predecessor**: George Eustice
- **successor**: Thérèse Coffey
- **office1**: Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Trade
- **primeminister1**: Boris Johnson
- **term start1**: 5 May 2020
- **term end1**: 6 September 2022
- **predecessor1**: Conor Burns
- **successor1**: TBD
- **office2**: Chairman of the Conservative Party, Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party
- **leader2**: Boris Johnson
- **term start2**: 13 February 2020
- **term end2**: 5 May 2020
- **predecessor2**: Paul Scully
- **successor2**: Lee Rowley
- **office3**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for North East Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency), North East Hampshire
- **term start3**: 7 May 2015
- **predecessor3**: James Arbuthnot
- **majority3**: 20,211 (34.1%)
- **office4**: Councillor of the Borough of
Basingstoke and Deane
- **term start4**: 5 May 2008
- **term end4**: 11 May 2015
- **birth place**: London, England
- **party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: London School of Economics
Gabilan Range

The **Gabilan Range** is a mountain range in the U.S. state of California. It is near the central coast of California in Monterey and San Benito counties. The Gabilan Range is part of the larger California Coast Ranges. The word _Gabilán_ is Spanish for sparrowhawk. Pinnacles National Park is in the southern section of the range.

## Geography

The Gabilan Range goes from northwest to southeast along the border of Monterey County and San Benito County. It is bordered on the east by the Diablo Range, the San Andreas Fault, and State Route 25; and on the west by the Salinas Valley, Santa Lucia Range, and U.S. Route 101. The northern limit of the Gabilan Range is just south of Pinecate Peak and San Juan Bautista, California.

Fremont Peak, which is  high, is the range's highest point. There are several other peaks also over  in the range.

## History

In Spanish, _gavilán_ (gabilan is an older spelling) means "sparrow hawk".  Hawks, especially the red-tailed hawk, are common in the range.

The Gabilan Mountains and other nearby places are mentioned in several novels by John Steinbeck, such as _Of Mice and Men_ and _East of Eden_. In _The Red Pony_, the main character (Jody Tiflin) names his pony "Gabilan" after the mountain range.

Fremont Peak was named for John C. Frémont, an American explorer and a Captain in the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers. He traveled to the peak in 1846 to decide if it was useful for the U.S. military against Mexico. It is now a California State Park.

## Ecology

Wild animals can travel through a relatively undeveloped area between the southern Santa Cruz Mountains and the northern Gabilan Range. This area extends from Mount Pajaro in southern Santa Cruz County and Rancho Juristac in southern Santa Clara County, to lands between Pinecate Peak and San Juan Bautista in San Benito County. California State Route 129 and U.S. Highway 101 cross this area. In 2020, The Land Trust of Santa Cruz County bought the first block of land intended to protect the Santa Cruz Mountains-Gabilan Range Wildlife Corridor: the  Rocks Ranch in Aromas at the border of San Benito and Monterey counties.

## Other websites

- National Park Service: Pinnacles National Park website

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Gabilan Range
- **other name**: Gabilán Range
- **photo**: Gabilan Range.JPG
- **photo caption**: Gabilan Range panorama.
- **country**: United States
- **state**: California
- **district**: San Benito County, California, San Benito County & Monterey County, California, Monterey County
- **topo map**: Mount Johnson
- **topo maker**: USGS
- **highest**: Fremont Peak (California), Fremont Peak
- **elevation m**: 1053
- **map**: California
- **map relief**: yes
- **map size**: 220
- **map caption**: Location of Gabilan Range in California
Carolyn Bertozzi

**Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi** (born October 10, 1966) is an American chemist. She is known for creating the term "bioorthogonal chemistry" for chemical reactions with living systems. She is a professor at Stanford University.

Bertozzi is also an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and is the former Director of the Molecular Foundry.

Bertozzi was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with Morten P. Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless.

She is openly lesbian.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **child**: yes
- **fields**: Chemistry
- **doctoral advisor**: Mark D. Bednarski
- **thesis title**: Synthesis and biological activity of carbon-linked glycosides
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/304068526/
- **thesis year**: 1993
- **influenced**: Kristi Kiick


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carolyn Bertozzi
- **image**: Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9384.jpg
- **caption**: Bertozzi in 2011
- **birth name**: Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **known for**: Bioorthogonal chemistry
- **relatives**: Andrea Bertozzi (sister)
Douglas Diamond

**Douglas Warren Diamond** (born October 25, 1953)  is an American economist. He is currently a professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

In October 2022, Diamond was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Ben Bernanke and Philip H. Dybvig.

Diamond is best known for his work on financial crises and bank runs.

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Douglas Diamond
- **image**: Douglas Diamond.jpg
- **caption**: Diamond at the White House in 2022
- **birth name**: Douglas Warren Diamond
- **awards**: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2022)
- **education**: Brown University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Yale University (Master of Arts, MA, Master of Philosophy, MPhil, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **workplaces**: Booth School of Business
- **doctoral advisor**: Stephen Ross (economist), Stephen A. Ross
- **known for**: Diamond–Dybvig model
Delegated monitoring
- **thesis title**: Essays on Information and Financial Intermediation
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/openview/571359c812bb61b328ea9e19d5f6c338/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar&parentSessionId=5veEsDr1tReyL1wLAvap5qZy8uzD5pEVSsaMDrc%2BYI0%3D
- **thesis year**: 1980
Philip H. Dybvig

**Philip Hallen Dybvig** (born May 22, 1955) is an American economist. He is a professor at Washington University in St. Louis. His research focuses on asset pricing, Banking, Investments, and Corporate Governance. He was a professor at Yale University, and assistant professor at Princeton University.

Dybvig is known for his work with Douglas Diamond on the Diamond–Dybvig model of bank runs. Dybvig won the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Diamond and Ben Bernanke.

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Philip Dybvig
- **image**: Philip Dybvig - Nobel 2022 Group - 52637857287 (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Philip Hallen Dybvig
- **birth place**: Gainesville, Florida, U.S.
- **awards**: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2022)
- **education**: Indiana University, Bloomington (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Pennsylvania
Yale University (Master of Arts, MA, Master of Philosophy, MPhil, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **workplaces**: Olin Business School
Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)

The **Center for Civil Liberties** () is a Ukrainian human rights organization led by the Ukrainian lawyer Oleksandra Matviichuk. It was founded in 2007. It was created to pressure Ukraine's government to make the country more democratic. The organization was awarded the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize, with Ales Bialiatski and Russian organization Memorial.
Oleksandra Matviichuk

**Oleksandra Vyacheslavivna Matviichuk** (; born 8 October 1983) is a Ukrainian human rights lawyer and civil society. She is in charge of the non-profit organization Centre for Civil Liberties. She is an activist for democratic reforms in Ukraine and the OSCE region.

In 2022, she is awarded Right Livelihood Award with Centre for Civil Liberties.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Oleksandra Matviichuk
- **image**: Ukraine's Nobel laureate Oleksandra Matviichuk at the Kyiv Security Forum, Jan 23, 2023 - 52666649346.jpg
- **caption**: Matviichuk in a 2023
- **native name**: Олександра Матвійчук
- **birth place**: Boyarka, Kyiv Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR, USSR
- **nationality**: Ukrainian
- **occupation**: Lawyer, human rights activist
Ales Bialiatski

**Ales Viktaravich Bialiatski** (; born 25 September 1962) is a Belarusian pro-democracy activist and prisoner of conscience. He is known for his work with the Viasna Human Rights Centre. He is a well known activist for Belarusian independence and democracy since the early 1980s.

Bialiatski is a founding member of Viasna and the Belarusian Popular Front. He is also a member of the Coordination Council of the Belarusian opposition.

In 2022, Bialiatski was awarded the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize, along with the organisations Memorial and Centre for Civil Liberties.

Bialiatski has been in prison twice. The first time was from 2011 to 2014. His second time has been since 2021 because of charges of tax evasion, but many see his arrest as politically motivated. On 3 March 2023, a Belarusian court sentenced Bialiatski to prison for 10 years. Bialiatski was released and exiled to Lithuania on 13 December 2025, as part of a deal between the Lukashenko government and the United States.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ales Bialiatski
- **caption**: Bialiatski in 2014
- **native name lang**: be
- **image**: Ales Bialiatski (Polish Senate 2014).png
- **birth place**: Vyartsilya, Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Karelian ASSR, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Republic of Karelia, Russia)
- **other names**: Aliaksandr Bialiatski
- **education**: Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Gomel State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **employer**: Viasna Human Rights Centre
- **spouse**: Natallia Pinchuk
Alain Aspect

**Alain Aspect** (; born 15 June 1947) is a French physicist. He is known for his experimental work on quantum entanglement. He won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger. Earlier (2013), he won the Balzan Prize.

Aspect was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2009.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Alain Aspect
- **image**: Alain Aspect (26341660894) (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, France
- **fields**: Physicist
- **doctoral advisor**: Serge Lowenthal
- **thesis1 title**: Contribution à l'étude de la spectrographie de Fourier par holographie
- **thesis1 year**: 1971
- **thesis2 title**: Trois tests expérimentaux des inégalités de Bell par mesure de corrélation de polarisation de photons
- **thesis2 year**: 1983
- **thesis2 url**: https://worldcat.org/en/title/490591358
- **known for**: Aspect's experiment
John Clauser

**John Francis Clauser** (; born December 1, 1942) is an American theoretical and experimental physicist. He is known for working on quantum mechanics.

Clauser won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: John Clauser
- **image**: John Francis Clauser (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: John Clauser in 2016
- **birth name**: John Francis Clauser
- **birth place**: Pasadena, California, U.S.
- **fields**: Foundation of quantum mechanics
- **thesis title**: Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Optical Observations of Interstellar Molecules
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/302516464/
- **thesis year**: 1970
- **doctoral advisor**: Patrick Thaddeus
- **known for**: Bell test experiments, CHSH inequality
Anton Zeilinger

**Anton Zeilinger** (; born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist. Zeilinger is a professor at University of Vienna and at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His works focused on quantum entanglement. He won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alain Aspect and John Clauser.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2011.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Anton Zeilinger
- **image**: A. Zeilinger (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Ried im Innkreis, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria
- **fields**: Physics, Quantum mechanics
- **thesis title**: Neutron depolarization measurements on a Dy-single crystal
- **thesis url**: https://www.oeaw.ac.at/fileadmin/Institute/IQOQI-Vienna/PDF/publications-zeilinger/1972_Neutron_depolarization_measurements_ona_Dy-single_crystal.pdf
- **thesis year**: 1972
- **doctoral advisor**: Helmut Rauch
Svante Pääbo

**Svante Pääbo**  (; born 20 April 1955) is a Swedish geneticist. His works focused on evolutionary genetics. He is one of the founders of paleogenetics. He has worked on the Neanderthal genome. He is also an adjunct professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan.

In 1998, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.

In 2022, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his works about genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.

Svante Pääbo is bisexual.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Svante Pääbo
- **image**: Professor Svante Paabo ForMemRS (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Pääbo in 2016
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Sune Bergström (father)
- **education**: Uppsala University (PhD)
- **thesis title**: How the E19 Protein of Adenoviruses Modulates the Immune System
- **thesis url**: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Auu%3Adiva-114617
- **thesis year**: 1986
- **known for**: Paleogenetics
Elizabeth Strout

**Elizabeth Strout** (born January 6, 1956) is an American novelist. She is known for her works in literary fiction. Many of her novels are inspired by her hometown of Portland, Maine. Her best known works are _Amy and Isabelle_, _Abide with Me_, _Olive Kitteridge_, _The Burgess Boys_, _My Name Is Lucy Barton_, _Anything Is Possible_ and _Olive, Again_.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Elizabeth Strout
- **image**: Elizabeth Strout 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Strout at the 2015 Texas Book Festival
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Strout
- **birth place**: Portland, Maine, Portland, Maine, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author and short-story writer
- **alma mater**: Bates College
Syracuse University
- **genre**: Literary fiction
- **notableworks**: _Amy and Isabelle_
_Abide with Me_
 _Olive Kitteridge_
_The Burgess Boys_
_My Name Is Lucy Barton_
Anything Is Possible (book), _Anything Is Possible_
_Olive, Again_
- **spouse**: James Tierney (attorney), James Tierney
NoViolet Bulawayo

**NoViolet  Bulawayo** is the pen name of **Elizabeth Zandile Tshele** (born 12 October 1981), a Zimbabwean-American writer. She was a Stegner Fellow at Stanford University from 2012 until 2014.

Her first novel _We Need New Names_ was nominated for the 2013 Booker Prize. Her second novel _Glory_ was nominated for the 2022 Booker Prize, making her the first Black African woman to appear on the Booker list twice.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: NoViolet Bulawayo
- **image**: File:NoViolet Bulawayo at Melbourne, Australia.jpg
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Zandile Tshele
- **birth place**: Tsholotsho, Zimbabwe
- **language**: English
- **education**: Njube High School;
 Mzilikazi High School
- **alma mater**: Texas A&M University-Commerce
 Southern Methodist University
 Cornell University
- **genre**: Short story; novel
- **notableworks**: _We Need New Names_ (2013); _Glory (Bulawayo novel), Glory_ (2022)
- **awards**: Caine Prize for African Writing; Man Booker Prize shortlist
Hilary Mantel

**Dame Hilary Mary Mantel**  ( ; born **Thompson**; 6 July 1952 – 22 September 2022) was a British writer. Her first published novel, _Every Day Is Mother's Day_, was released in 1985. She wrote 12 novels, two collections of short stories, a personal memoir, and many articles and opinion pieces.

Mantel won the Booker Prize twice: the first was for her 2009 novel _Wolf Hall_ and the second was for its 2012 sequel _Bring Up the Bodies_. The third novel of the trilogy, _The Mirror and the Light_, was nominated for the same prize.

Mantel was hospitalized in Exeter, Devon after having a stroke on 19 September 2022. She died three days later at the hospital at the age of 70.

## Infobox (writer)

- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Hilary Mantel
- **birth name**: Hilary Mary Thompson
- **birth date**: 6 July 1952
- **birth place**: Glossop, Derbyshire, England
- **death place**: Exeter, Devon, England
- **period**: 1985–2020
- **language**: English
Shehan Karunatilaka

**Shehan Karunatilaka** (born 1975) is a Sri Lankan writer. His first novel was _Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew_ and it won the Commonwealth Prize. His second novel _The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida_ won the 2022 Booker Prize.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Shehan Karunatilaka.jpg
- **name**: Shehan Karunatilaka
- **caption**: Karunatilaka in 2020
- **birth place**: Galle, Sri Lanka
- **occupation**: Writer, Creative Director
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **period**: 2000 – present
- **genre**: Novels
- **subject**: Sri Lankan society
- **notableworks**: _Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew, Chinaman_ (2010)
 _The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida_ (2022)
Ebba Busch

**Ebba-Elisabeth Busch** (, and **Busch-Thor** while married; born 11 February 1987) is a Swedish politician. She is the Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden, Minister for Energy, and Business and Industry since October 2022. She has been the Leader of the Christian Democrats since 2015.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ebba Busch
- **honorific-suffix**: Christian Democrats (Sweden), KD
- **image**: Ebba Busch - Into the Woods - November 24, 2022 (52520720684) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ebba Busch in 2022
- **office**: Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden
- **term start**: 18 October 2022
- **monarch**: Carl XVI Gustaf
- **primeminister**: Ulf Kristersson
- **predecessor**: Morgan Johansson
- **office1**: Minister for Energy (Sweden), Minister for Energy, Minister for Business, Industry and Innovation, Business and Industry
- **term start1**: 18 October 2022
- **monarch1**: Carl XVI Gustaf
- **primeminister1**: Ulf Kristersson
- **predecessor1**: Khashayar Farmanbar (Energy)
Karl-Petter Thorwaldsson (Business and Industry)
- **office2**: Christian Democrats (Sweden), Leader of the Christian Democrats
- **1blankname2**: Party secretary
- **1namedata2**: Acko Ankarberg Johansson
Peter Kullgren
- **term start2**: 25 April 2015
- **predecessor2**: Göran Hägglund
- **office3**: Member of the Riksdag
- **term start3**: 23 September 2018
- **constituency3**: Västra Götaland County East (Riksdag constituency), Västra Götaland County East
- **birth name**: Ebba Elisabeth Busch-Christensen
- **birth place**: Uppsala, Sweden
- **party**: Christian Democrats (Sweden), Christian Democrats
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Uppsala University
Moderate Party

The **Moderate Party** ( , ; **M**), mainly known as the **Moderates** ( ), is a liberal-conservative political party in Sweden. The party supports tax cuts, the free market, civil liberties and economic liberalism. It is a member of the European People's Party.
Amasra

**Amasra** (from Greek **Amastris** Ἄμαστρις, _gen_. Ἀμάστριδος) is a small Black Sea port town in the Bartın Province, Turkey, formerly known as **Amastris**.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **official name**: Amasra
- **image skyline**: Amasra (9310207038).jpg
- **image caption**: View of Amasra Castle
- **image map**: Amasra District Location in Bartın Province.png
- **map caption**: Location of Amasra District in Bartın Province
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Turkey, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Black Sea Region, Black Sea
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Turkey, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Bartın Province, Bartın
- **area blank1 title**: District
- **population blank1 title**: District
- **population density blank1 km2**: auto
- **blank1 name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank1 info**: Oceanic climate, Cfb
- **pushpin map**: Turkey
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Turkey
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 74XXX
- **area code**: (+90) 378
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Recai Çakır
- **leader party**: Republican People's Party (Turkey), CHP
Amasra mine explosion

On 14 October 2022, an explosion happened in Amasra coal mine in Amasra, Bartın Province, Turkey. The explosion killed 41 people and injured 11 others. It was one of the deadliest industrial incidents in Turkey.

## Infobox (news event)

- **title**: Bartın mine explosion
- **caption**: Rescue effort after the mine disaster
- **date**: 14 October 2022
- **time**: 18:30 (UTC+3)
- **place**: Amasra coal mine, Amasra, Bartın Province, Turkey
- **cause**: Mine explosion
- **reported deaths**: 41
- **reported injuries**: 11
Hurricane Julia (2022)

**Hurricane Julia** was a deadly 2022 tropical cyclone. There were seventy-six deaths or more from the storm. It struck northern Venezuela and Colombia as a tropical disturbance. The storm later struck Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador as a hurricane or tropical storm. Julia also affected Mexico in several different areas.

Julia struck the island of San Andres on October 8, 2022 and Nicaragua to El Salvador the following day. The storm later headed into the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Winds were 85 to 90 miles per hour when it struck San Andres and eastern Nicaragua on October 9, 2022.

The hurricane caused flash floods and mudslides from Venezuela to south-central Mexico when it hit.
2022 Austrian presidential election

**Presidential elections** were held in Austria on 9 October 2022. Current President Alexander Van der Bellen from the Greens was able to run for one more term. About 6.36 million voting-age citizens were eligible to vote.

Final results showed that Van der Bellen was re-elected in the first round with 57% of the vote. Van der Bellen won in all of the 116 administrative districts of Austria.

## Infobox (election)

- **country**: Austria
- **type**: presidential
- **flag year**: state
- **previous election**: 2016 Austrian presidential election
- **previous year**: 2016
- **next year**: 2028
- **next election**: 2028 Austrian presidential election
- **election date**: 9 October 2022
- **turnout**: 65.19% (3.31pp)
- **image size**: 130x130px
- **image1**: Alexander Van der Bellen (13-07-2021) (cropped).jpg
- **color1**: 88B626
- **candidate1**: **Alexander Van der Bellen**
- **party1**: The Greens – The Green Alternative
- **popular vote1**: **2,299,590**
- **percentage1**: **56.69%**
- **image2**: Walter Rosenkranz.jpg
- **color2**: 0018A8
- **candidate2**: Walter Rosenkranz
- **party2**: Freedom Party of Austria
- **popular vote2**: 717,097
- **percentage2**: 17.68%
- **image3**: Marco Pogo in Graz.3 (cropped).jpg
- **color3**: FDEE00
- **candidate3**: Dominik Wlazny
- **party3**: The Beer Party (Austria)
- **popular vote3**: 337,010
- **percentage3**: 8.31%
- **image4**: noimage.svg
- **candidate4**: Tassilo Wallentin
- **party4**: Independent politician
- **popular vote4**: 327,214
- **percentage4**: 8.07%
- **image5**: Geraldgrosz.jpg
- **candidate5**: Gerald Grosz
- **party5**: Independent politician
- **popular vote5**: 225,942
- **percentage5**: 5.57%
- **map image**: 2022_Austrian_presidential_election.svg
- **title**: President of Austria, President
- **before election**: Alexander Van der Bellen
- **before party**: The Greens – The Green Alternative
- **after election**: Alexander Van der Bellen
- **after party**: The Greens – The Green Alternative
Malang Regency

The **Malang Regency** is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. Malang Regency is the second largest regency in East Java after Banyuwangi Regency.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Malang Regency
- **native name**: _Kabupaten Malang_
- **native name lang**: id
- **type**: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, Regency
- **image shield**: Logo Kabupaten Malang - Seal of Malang Regency.svg
- **motto**:
(Arranging all things towards prosperity)
- **image map**: Locator kabupaten malang.png
- **map caption**: Location within East Java
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Indonesia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: East Java
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Kepanjen, Malang, Kepanjen
- **leader title**: Regent
- **leader name**: Sanusi
- **leader title1**: Vice Regent
- **leader name1**: Didik Gatot Subroto
- **area total km2**: 3530.65
- **population as of**: 2020 Census
- **population total**: 2654448
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Time in Indonesia, IWST
- **utc offset1**: +7
- **pushpin map**: Indonesia_Java#Indonesia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Java and Indonesia
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Indonesia, Area code
- **area code**: (+62) 341
Click chemistry

In chemical synthesis, **click chemistry** is a rank of biocompatible small molecule reactions. It is mainly used in bioconjugation. Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction. Click reactions join a biomolecule and a reporter molecule.

The term "click chemistry" was created by K. Barry Sharpless in 1998, and was first fully described by Sharpless, Hartmuth C. Kolb, and M.G. Finn of The Scripps Research Institute in 2001. In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten P. Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless for their works to click chemistry.
Bioorthogonal chemistry

The term **bioorthogonal chemistry** is about any chemical reaction that can happen inside of living systems without causing any problems with its native biochemical processes. The term was created by Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003. The idea of bioorthogonal reaction has caused a larger study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids.