juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Arrondissements of the Haut-Rhin department

There are 4 **arrondissements in the Haut-Rhin department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Haut-Rhin are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population <small>(2014)</small> !! width="50px" | Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density <small>(Inh./km²)</small> !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|681|Altkirch|Altkirch|69,645|663.1||108|
|682|Colmar-Ribeauvillé|Colmar|200,243|1,127.3||98|
|684|Mulhouse|Mulhouse|350,032|707.1||79|
|686|Thann-Guebwiller|Thann|140,214|1,027.7||81|

## History

Haut-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in three districts: Altkirch, Belfort and Colmar, with Colmar as is capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the _arrondissements_ in France, the three districts were changed into five _arrondissements_: Colmar, Altkirch, Belfort, Delémont and Porrentruy. The _arrondissements_ Delémont and Porrentruy were eliminated in 1814 and transferred to Switzerland.

The subprefecture of Altkirch was moved to Mulhouse in 1857.

The Haut-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany except for a part that forms the Territoire de Belfort.

In 1919, Haut-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the _arrondissements_ Colmar-Ville, Colmar-Campagne, Altkirch, Guebwiller, Mulhouse, Ribeauvillé and Thann. Its capital is Colmar.

The _arrondissements_ Colmar-Ville and Colmar-Campagne were combined in 1934 to form the _arrondissement_ of Colmar.

The _arrondissement_ of Guebwiller was eliminated in 2015 and its territory combined with Tharn to form the _arrondissement_ of Thann-Guebwiller. In that same year, the _arrondissement_ of Ribeauvillé was also eliminated and its territory combined with Colmar to form the _arrondissement_ of Colmar-Ribeauvillé.

## Related pages

- List of arrondissements of France
Lones Wigger

**Lones Wesley Wigger Jr.** (August 25, 1937 – December 14, 2017) was an American sports shooter. In his shooting career, he won 111 medals, including three Olympic medals. He won a gold and silver medal at the 1964 Olympics and a gold medal at the 1972 Olympics. He was also a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army. He was born in Great Falls, Montana.

Wigger died of pancreatic cancer on December 14, 2017 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was 80.

## Other websites

- Lones Wigger  at Sports-Reference.com
Georges Loinger

**Georges Loinger** (29 August 1910 – 28 December 2018) was a French resistance fighter during World War II. He began fighting against Nazi Germany in 1939 but was captured in 1940. He escaped soon after, and rescued hundreds of Jewish children over then next few years. Until September 1943, that part of frontier was guarded by Italian army: Loinger remembers one day Italian high officer secretly told him he approved what Loinger did, that's his rescue activity. After September, there was German invasion and the activity became harder.

He was awarded the medal of honorary citizen of the city of Strasbourg in 2014. In July 2016, he was made an officer in the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Loinger was born in Strasbourg. He was Jewish. He turned 100 in August 2010. Loinger died in Paris on 28 December 2018 at the age of 108.
2017 eruption of Mount Agung

Mount Agung, a volcano on the island of Bali in Indonesia, erupted in 2017. Thousands of people had to leave the area. Air travel was affected. As of 27 November 2017, the alert level was at its highest and evacuation orders were in place.

Tectonic earthquakes from the volcano had been detected since early August. Volcanic activity increased for several weeks. It decreased significantly in late October. A second, more violent period of major activity began in late November.

Forty thousand people had to leave 22 villages around Mount Agung. Airports had to be closed. More than 400 flights were canceled. About 59,000 passengers could not get on their flights.
A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury

**A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury** (1 December 1944 – 15 December 2017) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Bangladesh Awami League (BAL). He served as the mayor of Chittagong, the second-largest city in Bangladesh, from 1994 to 2009. He was born in Chittagong District.

Chowdhury died on 15 December 2017 in Chittagong, at the age of 73.
Military Rabbinate

The **Military Rabbinate** (of Israel), Hebrew: חיל הרבנות הצבאית - _Heil HaRabanut HaTzvait_, is a unit of the Israel Defense Forces, which takes care of the religious needs of the Israeli soldiers, especially the Jewish soldiers among them.

The Chief Military Rabbi presides the Military Rabbinate, and has the rank of brigadier general.

## Related pages

- List of Chief Military Rabbis

## References

- Military Rabbinate
OS X El Capitan

**OS X El Capitan** ( ) (version 10.11) is the twelfth major release of OS X (now named macOS), Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It was released after OS X Yosemite and focuses mainly on performance, stability and security. Starting with OS X Mavericks, future operating systems of OS X were named after regions of Northern California. El Capitan was named after a rock formation in Yosemite National Park, to highlight a refined version of its predecessory, OS X Yosemite.

El Capitan is the final version to be released under the name OS X. Its successor, Sierra, was announced as macOS Sierra. El Capitan received much better reviews when compared to Yosemite.

The first beta of OS X El Capitan was released to developers shortly following the WWDC keynote on June 8, 2015. The first public beta was made available on July 9, 2015. There were multiple betas released after the keynote. OS X El Capitan was released to end users on September 30, 2015, as a free upgrade through the Mac App Store.
Bruce Gray

**Bruce Gray** (September 7, 1936 – December 13, 2017) was a Puerto Rican-born Canadian actor.

Gray was probably best known as investment banker Adam Cunningham on the Global series _Traders_, the father of the groom in _My Big Fat Greek Wedding_, as Judge J.E. Reilly on the soap opera _Passions_ and the ghost of Joe's father on the hit television show _Medium_.

Gray died on December 13, 2017 of brain cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Official Bruce Gray Website: http://www.bruce-gray.com
- Bruce Gray at the American Film Institute Catalog
- Bruce Gray at AllMovie

## Infobox (person)

- **imagesize**: 150px
- **birth name**: Robert Bruce Gray
- **birth place**: San Juan, Puerto Rico
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1966–2017
Gerald O'Brien

**John Gerald O’Brien** (2 December 1924 – 13 December 2017), known as **Gerald O'Brien**, was a New Zealand soldier and politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand. He represented the Island Bay electorate from 1969 to 1978.

O'Brien died in Wellington on 13 December 2017 at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- O'Brien and his wife Fausta in 1978
Yurizan Beltran

**Yurizan Beltrán Lebanue** (November 2, 1986 – December 13, 2017), known as **Yurizan Beltran**, was an American pornographic actress. She was born in Los Angeles on November 2, 1986 of Mexican descent. Her mother was Brazilian and her father was Canadian.

Beltran was nominated for a total of six AVN Awards. Her career began in 2005.

Beltran died on December 13, 2017 in Los Angeles from a suspected drug overdose at the age of 31.
Marilyn Ware

**Marilyn Ware** (November 4, 1943 – December 14, 2017) was an American politician, businesswoman and philanthropist. She was the United States Ambassador to Finland from March 2006 to March 2008 after being nominated by George W. Bush. She was a member of the Republican Party. Ware was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Ware died on December 14, 2017 in Denver, Colorado of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 74.
Heinz Wolff

**Heinz Siegfried Wolff** (29 April 1928 – 15 December 2017) was a German-born British scientist, and television and radio presenter. He was best known for the BBC television series _The Great Egg Race_. He was born in Berlin, Germany.

Because they were of Jewish descent, he and his family fled to the United Kingdom in September 1939.

He studied physiology and physics at University College London. He specialized in biological engineering, and was  a professor at Brunel University.

A familiar face in the 1970s and early 1980s, well known to British television audiences with his memorable bow tie and pronounced German accent.

Wolff died in London of heart failure on 15 December 2017 at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Official 'Heinz Wolff Gravity' game site
The Prophet (book)

***The Prophet*** is a book of 26 prose poetry fables by the Lebanese-American artist, philosopher and writer Kahlil Gibran. It was first published in 1923 by Alfred A. Knopf. It is Gibran's best known work. The book has been translated into over 40 different languages and has never been out of print.

## Other websites

- _The Prophet_ audiobook at Archive.org
- _The Garden of the Prophet_ audiobook at Archive.org
- _The Prophet_ audiobook from Legamus
- Project Gutenberg Australia (e-text) (public domain in Australia, Canada, EU, Russia and South Africa)
- _The Prophet eBook_ free ebook (Public Domain in U.K) in pdf, ePub and kindle format from Obooko
- _The Prophet_  on WikiSummaries
Tu An

**Jiang Bihou** (; 22 November 1923 – 16 December 2017), better known by his pen name **Tu An** (), is a Chinese poet and translator. He was a member of China Writers Association.

Jiang was the first person from China to write sonnet in Chinese and he was the first few in China who translated the works of John Keats's into Chinese language.

His translation, _Poetry of John Keats_, which had won the 2nd Lu Xun Literary Prize in 2000.

Jiang died on 16 December 2017 in Aarhus, Denmark of complications from Parkinson's disease at the age of 94.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image size**: 250px
- **name**: Tu An
- **native name**: 蒋壁厚
- **native name lang**: zh
- **pseudonym**: Tu'an ()
 Shumou ()
- **birth name**: Jiang Bihou
- **birth place**: Changzhou, Jiangsu
- **death place**: Beijing, Beijing, China
- **occupation**: Poet, translator
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **language**: Chinese language, Chinese, English language, English
- **alma mater**: Shanghai Jiaotong University
- **period**: 1941-2017
- **genre**: Poetry
- **notableworks**: _John Keats, Poetry of John Keats_
_Tu'an's Sonnets_
- **spouse**: Zhang Miaoying
- **children**: Zhang Jian (son)
Zhang Yan (daughter)
- **relatives**: Jiang Ji (father)
Sharon Laws

**Sharon Laws** (7 July 1974 – 16 December 2017) was a British professional cyclist and environmental consultant. She gained support in conservation and worked both before and during her cycling career as an environmental consultant to organisations including the British Government, the United Nations and for mining company Rio Tinto in Australia.

## Early life

Laws was born in Nairobi, Kenya, but was raised in Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire.

## Career

Her first victory with the team was the Cheshire Classic stage race, which she won after coming second on the first and second stages. Her addition to the British team, which included Cooke and Emma Pooley, was expected to improve chances of a medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing but Laws crashed twice and came 35th of 62 finishers.

Laws retired in August 2016 and was diagnosed with cervical cancer one month later.

## Death

Laws died on 16 December 2017 of cervical cancer, aged 43.

## Other websites

- _Sharon Laws signs for Team Halfords Bikehut_  (15 April 2008) British Cycling (Palmarès)
Taramani

**Taramani** is an area in the metropolitan area of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It is known for the IT parks and research institutions.

## IT Parks in Taramani

Famous Tidel Park, an information technology (IT) industrial park is situated here . It is South India's first IT park. The area is also known for its other IT parks including Ascendas IT Park, Ramanujam IT Park, Elnet Software City and TICEL Biotech Park.

## MGR Film city

The MGR Film City was constructed in Tharamani in 1996.  The Film City was a major project of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J. Jayalalithaa. This was made during her first term in office as Chief minister. Recently, there have been news reports that it is being made into a "Knowledge Park".
Avadi

**Avadi** is a residential locality. It is located in the Western part of the metropolitan city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. it is a Special Grade Municipal Corporation of Chennai Metropolitan Area.

The neighbourhood has its own railway station, Avadi Railway Station of the Chennai Suburban Railway. The Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) is located in Avadi. Avadi has a lake with the same name.

Major military establishments having divisions in **Avadi** are the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF), EFA-Engine Factory, Avadi, Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indian Navy, Central Vehicle Depot (CVD), The Ordnance Depot [OD], Unfit Vehicles Park [UVP] and the Ordnance Clothing Factory (OCF).

According to the 2011 census of India, Avadi had a population of 345,996.
Heavy Vehicles Factory

The **Heavy Vehicles Factory** is located in Avadi locality, Chennai metropolitan city. It was set up in the year 1961. It was set up by Ordanance Factories Board , Government of India. The function of this factory is to manufacture battlefield equipment. These include Vijayantas, T-79 Tanks. At present it manufactures India's main battle tank Arjun and T-90 tanks.
Garfield Heights, Ohio

**Garfield Heights** is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. At the 2020 census, 29,781 people lived there.
Pratval

**Pratval** used to be a Swiss municipality. It is now part of the new municipality of Domleschg and the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Pratval
- **municipality name**: Pratval
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Pratval wappen.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Pratval.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7415
- **municipality code**: 3635
- **area**: 0.77
- **elevation**: 687
- **population**: 241
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **neighboring municipalities**: Almens, Cazis, Fürstenau, Switzerland, Fürstenau, Rodels
Flag of Slovakia

The **Flag of Slovakia** is the flag of the European country, Slovakia. It has three horizontal Slavic tricolour of white, blue and red. It has a white double cross on a red background.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Slovak Republic
- **image**: Flag of Slovakia.svg
- **image2**: Flag of Slovakia vertical.svg
- **nickname**: Flag of the Slovak Republic
- **use**: 111000
- **proportion**: 2:3
- **design**: A horizontal tricolor (flag), tricolor of white, blue, and red; charged with Coat of arms of Slovakia, coat of arms at the hoist (flag), hoist side
- **designer**: Ladislav Čisárik
Ladislav Vrtel
Pangasinan language

**Pangasinan language** or **Salitan Pangasinan** is one of the main languages of the Philippines. It is the language spoken in the province of Pangasinan.

## Other websites

- Bansa Pangasinan-English Dictionary
- Pangasinan Wiktionary
- Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
- Sunday Punch
- Sun Star Pangasinan
- Pangasinan Star
- Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature
- Globalization killing Pangasinan language
- Pangasinan language is alive and kicking (Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 8, 2007)
- Dying languages
- Pangasinan-Spanish Dictionary, by Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgata, published in 1865.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Pangasinan
- **altname**: Pangasinense
- **nativename**: _Salitan Pangasinan_
- **states**: Philippines (Ilocos Region & Central Luzon)
- **region**: Pangasinan, northern Tarlac, southern La Union, southwestern Benguet, northwestern Nueva Ecija, northern Zambales, and southwestern Nueva Vizcaya
- **ethnicity**: Pangasinan people
- **speakers**: million
- **date**: 1990 census
- **speakers2**: 8th most spoken native language in the Philippines
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Austronesian
- **fam2**: Malayo-Polynesian languages, Malayo-Polynesian
- **fam3**: Philippine languages, Philippine
- **fam4**: Northern Philippine languages, Northern Philippine
- **fam5**: Northern Luzon languages, Northern Luzon
- **fam6**: South–Central Cordilleran languages, South–Central Cordilleran
- **fam7**: Southern Cordilleran
- **fam8**: Pangasinic
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Abakada, Pangasinan alphabet)
Historically written in: _Baybayin_
- **dia1**: Pangasinan
- **dia2**: Tarlac
- **dia3**: La Union
- **agency**: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
- **iso2**: pag
- **iso3**: pag
- **glotto**: pang1290
- **glottorefname**: Pangasinan
- **map**: Pangasinan language map1.png
- **mapcaption**: Area where Pangasinan is spoken according to Ethnologue
- **mapsize**: 220px
- **notice**: IPA
- **lingua**: [http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=31-CGA-f 31-CGA-f]
Mœrnach

**Mœrnach** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Mollau

**Mollau** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Alaska Thunderfuck

**Justin Andrew Honard** (born May 6, 1985), known by his drag name **Alaska Thunderfuck**, is an American drag queen,  rapper, singer, and songwriter. Thunderfuck moved to Erie, Pennsylvania at age 10. In early 2013, She then joined the cast of fifth season of _RuPaul's Drag Race_, where she was a runner-up. In October 2013, Thunderfuck signed to Producer Entertainment Group with distribution from Sidecar Records. Her debut album, _Anus_, was released on June 23, 2015.  It produced the singles "Your Makeup Is Terrible", "Nails", "Hieeee", "This Is My Hair" and "Anus".  "Your Makeup Is Terrible" managed to peak at number four on the US _Billboard_ Hot 100 and peaked in the top ten around the world.  She released a single, "Puppet", on 16th of September 2016, before releasing her second studio album, _Poundcake_, on October 14, 2016. She has recently been featured as a contestant on _Scared Famous_ alongside American reality TV personalities Don Benjamin, Sky Days, Erica Mena, Safaree Samuels, Eva Marcille, Tiffany "New York" Pollard, Drita D'Avanzo, Yung Joc and Nikki Mudarris.  In 2016, she returned for the second season of _RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars_, where she was crowned the winner. On the 24th of May 2019, Thunderfuck released her third studio album _Vagina_.

Thunderfuck is the first and only drag queen to be on Scared Famous. She is known for her funny voices and weird styles.

## Music Records

- Mixtapes
- _Glamtron_ (2010)

- Extended plays
- _The William Show Presents Alaska 5000_ (2012)

- Studio albums
- _Anus_ (2015)
- _Poundcake_ (2016)
- _Vagina_ (2019)

- Collaboration albums
- _Access All Areas_ (2017)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **origin**: Erie, Pennsylvania, U.S.


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alaska Thunderfuck
- **image**: AAAAlaska2 DenverOct2017.jpg
- **caption**: Thunderfuck performing on the Access All Areas Tour, AAA Girls tour in Denver (c.2017)
- **birth name**: Justin Andrew Honard
- **other names**: Alaska, Alaska Thunderf*ck 5000, Alaska 5000, Alaska Thunderfun
- **alma mater**: University of Pittsburgh
- **known for**: RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 2) winner
- **predecessor**: Chad Michaels
- **years active**: 2006–present
Collapse of Hotel New World

On 15 March 1986, in one of Singapore’s worst civil disasters, the Lian Yak Building (better known as Hotel New World) collapsed. 33 people died and 17 were rescued alive from the rubble.

The Singapore Fire Service (SFS) (present-day Civil Defence Force), the Armed Forces and the police all assisted in the rescue operation. Passers-by and nearby residents also joined in, helping to clear the rubble and pull out survivors. SAF medical officers and MOH doctors present took turns to crawl through narrow spaces inside the rubble to try and provide assistance to trapped survivors, giving glucose and saline drips to them. At first, power saws and drills were used to cut through the rubble and reach survivors; however the use of heavy machinery posed a risk to people trapped under the rubble.

This led to concern among tunnelling experts from Britain, Ireland and Japan who were involved in nearby construction for the Mass Rapid Transit, which included Thomas Gallagher, Thomas Mulleary, Patrick Gallagher, Michael Prendergast, and Michael Scott; as well as Tan Jin Thong, Deputy Director (Operations) SFS.

They volunteered to dig 4 tunnels under the rubble, which resulted in the rescue of another eight survivors. They later received the Pingat Gagah Perkasa (Conspicuous Gallantry Medal) for their actions.

The investigation found that during the calculation of the building’s structural load, only the LIVE LOAD (weight of people in the building, and additional fixtures and fittings, such as furniture) was factored in. The DEAD LOAD (weight of the building itself) was completely omitted from the calculation. This meant the building was not designed to support its own weight. It was later discovered that an unqualified draftsman, instead of a professional structural engineer, did the calculations for the building. The owner (which died in the collapse) also requested to use inferior materials in construction, in order to reduce the cost.

After the incident, Singapore’s building safety regulations were updated. Since 1989, all structural designs/calculations must not only be prepared by a Professional Engineer, but also counter-checked by an independent Accredited Checker.
Takeshi Kitano

**Takeshi Kitano** (_北野 武 Kitano Takeshi_; born 18 January 1947), also known as **Beat Takeshi**, is a Japanese comedian, television personality, director, actor, author, and screenwriter. He was born in Tokyo, Japan.

Kitano is known for his roles as _Outrage_ (2010) as Otomo and as Chief Daisuke Aramaki _Ghost in the Shell_ (2017). He directed _Violent Cop_ (1989) and _Sonatine_ (1993). He won a Golden Lion in 1998.

## Other websites

- Office Kitano – Kitano's Production Company
Adam Darius

**Adam Darius** (May 10, 1930 – December 3, 2017) was an American dancer, mime artist, writer and choreographer. As a performer, he appeared in over 85 countries across six continents. As a writer, he published 19 books and wrote 22 plays.
 He was born in New York City. He was known for creating plays based on the lives of Marilyn Monroe and Anne Frank.

In Britain he has taught, among others, mime artist, dancer and director, Kazimir Kolesnik, rock star Kate Bush, and Hollywood movie star Kate Beckinsale.

Darius retired in October 2016.

Darius died on December 3, 2017 in Espoo, Finland of a heart attack at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Adam Darius at the mimecentre.com
- Adam Darius on Facebook
- Dansmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden
Jo Baer

**Josephine Gail "Jo" Baer** (August 7, 1929 – January 21, 2025) was an American painter. She was born in Seattle, Washington. Baer is known for her works which are minimalist art. She began showing her work at the Fischbach Gallery, New York, and other venues for contemporary art in the mid-1960s.

In the late 1960s, Baer was experimenting with color and shifting the visual focus of her work. While working on the series _The Stations of the Spectrum_ (1967-1969), Baer painted over their white surfaces to make them gray. In 1975 Baer was the subject of a retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, showcasing her Minimalist work.

Baer died in Amsterdam, Netherlands on January 21, 2025 from bladder cancer at the age of 95.

## Other websites

- artforum
- bombsite
- contemporary art daily
- Galerie Barbara Thumm
- Oral history interview with Jo Baer, 2010 Oct. 5-7 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art
- Official website http://www.jobaer.net
E. Hunter Harrison

**Ewing Hunter Harrison** (November 7, 1944 – December 16, 2017) was an American railway executive. He served as the CEO of Illinois Central Railroad (IC), Canadian National Railway (CN) and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), and served as CEO of CSX from January 2017 until his death 12 months later.

Harrison died on December 16, 2017, two days after taking medical leave from CSX, in Wellington, Florida of a suspected heart attack.  He was 73 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Ewing Hunter Harrison
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee
- **death place**: Wellington, Florida
- **occupation**: Railway executive
Len Ceglarski

**Leonard Stanley "Len" Ceglarski** (June 27, 1926 – December 16, 2017) was an American ice hockey player. He was an All-American left wing on Boston College's 1949 NCAA championship team, and was captain of the 1950–51 squad. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic hockey team that won the silver medal at the 1952 Winter Olympic Games in Oslo, Norway. He was born in East Walpole, Massachusetts.

Ceglarski died on December 16, 2017 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 91.
Rodels

**Rodels** () was a municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

In 2015, Rodels became a part of the new municipality of Domleschg.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rodels
- **municipality name**: Rodels
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Rodels wappen.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rodels.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7415
- **municipality code**: 3636
- **area**: 1.68
- **elevation**: 684
- **population**: 267
- **populationof**: Dec 2013
- **website**: www.domleschg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Almens, Cazis, Paspels, Pratval
Rothenbrunnen

**Rothenbrunnen** () is a municipality of the district of Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rothenbrunnen
- **municipality name**: Rothenbrunnen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Rothenbrunnen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rothenbrunnen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7405
- **municipality code**: 3637
- **area**: 3.11
- **elevation**: 625
- **website**: www.rothenbrunnen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Cazis, Domat/Ems, Feldis/Veulden, Rhäzüns, Scheid, Tumegl/Tomils
Montreux-Jeune

**Montreux-Jeune** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Montreux-Jeune
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Montreux-Jeune (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Altkirch
- **canton**: Masevaux
- **insee**: 68214
- **postal code**: 68210
- **mayor**: Michel Herrgott
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Porte d'Alsace
- **elevation m**: 360
- **elevation min m**: 338
- **elevation max m**: 377
- **area km2**: 3.36
- **population**: 324
- **population date**: 2006
Montreux-Vieux

**Montreux-Vieux** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Turco-Mongol

**Turco-Mongol**, or **Turko-Mongol**, tradition was a cultural synthesis that emerged between the Mongol and Turkic rulers in the 13th century. The countries that followed the Central Asia Turko-Mongol traditions included the Timurid Empire, the Kazakh Khanate, the Khanate of Kazan, the Nogai Horde, the Crimean Khanate, and the Mughal Empire.

## Related pages

- Mongols
- Turkic peoples
- Timurid Empire
- Tamerlane
- Mughal Empire
Gorno-Altaysk

**Gorno-Altaysk** (; , _Tuulu Altay_) is the capital city of the Altai Republic, Russia. In 2020, 64,478 people lived in the city.
Byrsonima crassifolia

***Byrsonima crassifolia*** is a slow growing tree native to the Tropical America. Common names include **changunga**, **muruci**, **murici**, **nanche**, **nance**, **nancite**, **chacunga**, **craboo**, **kraabu**, **savanna serrette** (or **savanna serret**) and **golden spoon**. In Jamaica it is called hogberry (plural hogberries). It is primarily cultivated in Peru, Southern Mexico, Pacific side of Central America, Guadeloupe, Barbados, Brazil, St. Martin, Cuba, Haiti, Trinidad, Curacao, Isle of Pines, Puerto Rico, Dominica and The Dominican Republic. It belongs to the acerola family of Malpighiaceae.
It is suitable to the tropical and subtropical climates. The tree bears yellow to dull orange or red flowers during spring to fall and fruits on August and September. The white and juicy flesh of yellow fruit has pungent and distinct flavor. It attracts butterflies, bees and birds.

## Plant

Byrsonima crassifolia is the slow growing, large shrub or tree which grows up to 33 feet high. The leaves are opposite, ovate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic; 3.2–17 cm long and 4–7 cm wide. The flowers are 10–20 cm long and 1.25–2 cm wide; yellow or dull orange, red with five petals. Fruit is small ball shaped, round, ovate to globose; 8–12 cm wide and 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter. The fruit has white and juicy flesh, pungent, distinct aroma and thin skin. The fruit include 1 to 3 white seeds which is 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter. The tree has dark brown, fissured and rough bark. The inner bark is pinkish. It has tall or short and straight or crooked trunk

## Nutritional value

The serving size of 112 grams of Nance fruit grants 90.32 g of water, 82 calories, 0.74 g of protein, 1.3 g of fat, 0.64 g of ash, 19.01 g of carbohydrate, 8.4 g of dietary fiber, 9.31 g of total sugars, 4.01 g of glucose and 5.3 g of fructose. It offers 115.11% of Vitamin C, 12.09% of manganese, 11.08% of Vitamin K, 9.33% of Vitamin E, 5.81% of potassium, 5.38% of iron, 5.24% of magnesium, 5.20% of calcium and 5.11% of copper.
Minster-in-Thanet

**Minster-in-Thanet**, also known as **Minster**, is a village and civil parish in Kent in the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Minster-in-Thanet
- **civil parish**: Minster-in-Thanet
- **label position**: left
- **static image name**: St Mary the Virgin Church, Minster.jpg
- **static image caption**: Church of St Mary the Virgin, Minster-in-Thanet
- **population**: 3,569
- **population ref**: (2011)
- **shire district**: Thanet
- **shire county**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: South Thanet (UK Parliament constituency), South Thanet
- **post town**: RAMSGATE
- **postcode district**: CT12
- **postcode area**: CT
- **dial code**: 01843
- **os grid reference**: TR308645
Djembe

The **djembe** (pronounced ZHEM-bey) is one of the best-known African drums. It originally came from West Africa.
It is shaped like a large goblet and played with the bare hands. The drum's body is carved from a hollowed trunk. The drum head is made of goatskin.
Siquijor

**Siquijor** is an island province of the Philippines. It is located in the Visayas region. To the west of Siquijor is Negros Oriental, to the east is Bohol, to the north is Cebu, and to the south is Mindanao. The population of Siquijor is about 90,000. It has six municipalities: _Larena_, _Enrique Villanueva_, _Maria_, _Lazi_, _San Juan_, and the capital also named _Siquijor_.

Siquijor is one of the smallest island provinces in the Philippines, in terms of both land area and population. Sights to see in Siquijor include an old tree, a few waterfalls, butterfly gardens, old churches, and many beaches. Siquijor is also home to one of the oldest existing convents in Asia.
Drapetomania

**Drapetomania** was a supposed mental illness that American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of black slaves running away in 1851. It has since been debunked as pseudoscience and part of scientific racism.

## Etymology

The term derives from the Greek δραπέτης (_drapetes_, "a runaway [slave]") and μανία (_mania_, "madness, frenzy").

## Description

In _Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race_, Cartwright points out that the Bible calls for a slave to obey his master, and that if he does, the slave won't want to run away.

He claimed that the disease happened when masters "made themselves too familiar with [slaves], treating them as equals". Cartwright would later argue that if slaves showed warning sides of running away, "whipping the devil out of them" served as a preventative measure.

## Sources

- Samuel A. Cartwright, "Report on the Diseases and Physical Peculiarities of the Negro Race", _The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal_ 1851:691–715 (May).
    - Reprinted in DeBow's Review XI (1851). Available at Google Books and excerpted at PBS.org.
    - Reprinted in Arthur Caplan, H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., and James McCartney, eds, _Concepts of Health and Disease in Medicine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives_ (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1980).
    - Reprinted in Arthur L. Caplan, James J. McCartney, Dominic A. Sisti, eds, _Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine_ (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004)
243 (number)

**243** (**two hundred [and] forty-three**) is the natural number after 242 and before 244.

## Infobox (number)
6000 (number)

**6000** (**six thousand**) is the natural number after 5999 and before 6001.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 6000
- **unicode**: M, m
Walter Mafli

**Walter Mafli** (May 10, 1915 – December 11, 2017) was a Swiss painter. He was born in Rebstein, Canton of St. Gallen. He was known for his work _Le chant de la matière_ (1985) which hangs in Lausanne. In 2010, Mafli was accused of tax fraud. He was the student of well known French painters Casimir Reymond and Marcel Poncet.

Mafli died on December 11, 2017 in Lutry, Vaud at the age of 102.
Ye Zhengda

**Ye Zhengda** (; 22 August 1927 – 14 December 2017) was a Chinese aircraft designer. He was a professor and senior engineer at Northwestern Polytechnical University. In 1988, he was awarded the military rank of lieutenant general (Zhongjiang) by the Chinese government.

He was a member of the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress. He was born in Guangdong, China.

On December 14, 2017, Ye died in Beijing at the age of 90.
Barry Sherman

**Bernard Charles "Barry" Sherman**,  (February 25, 1942 – December 13, 2017) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was born in Toronto. He was the chairman and CEO of Apotex Inc. With an estimated net worth of US$3.2 billion at the time of his death, according to _Forbes_, Sherman was the 12th-wealthiest Canadian. Another publication, Canadian Business, said his fortune at $4.77 billion (CAD), ranking him the 15th richest in Canada.

On December 15, 2017, police officers entered Sherman's home in North York, Toronto, where they discovered the bodies of Sherman and his wife Honey hanging side by side next to their indoor pool. Sherman was 75 years old. Post-mortem examinations showed the cause of death for both deceased was "ligature neck compression".

In response, the couple's four children said their deaths may be murder–suicide theory.
Ralph Carney

**Ralph Carney** (January 23, 1956 – December 17, 2017) was an American singer, composer, and multi-instrumentalist. His main instruments were various saxophones and clarinets, Carney also collected and played many instruments, often unusual or obscure ones. He started as a professional musician as a founding member of the band Tin Huey. He was known for his works as Tom Waits.

Carney died on December 16, 2017 at the age of 61 after falling down the steps of his home in Portland, Oregon.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ralph Carney
- **image**: Ralph white suit 2010 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Carney in 2010
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Akron, Ohio, Akron, Ohio, United States
- **death place**: Portland, Oregon, Portland, Oregon, United States
- **associated acts**: Jim Carney
Richard Dobson

**Richard Dobson** (March 19, 1942 – December 16, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter. Some of his songs were recorded by famous artists such as David Allan Coe ("Piece of Wood and Steel"), Guy Clark ("Forever, for Always, for Certain"; "Old Friends"), Lacy J. Dalton ("Old Friends"), Nanci Griffith ("Ballad of Robin Winter-Smith"), and Kelly Willis ("Hole in My Heart"). His song "Baby Ride Easy" was recorded as a duet by Carlene Carter and Dave Edmunds as well as by Billie Jo Spears and Del Reeves.

Dobson died on December 16, 2017 of esophageal cancer in Diessenhofen, Switzerland at the age of 75.

## Other websites

- Guide to the Richard J. Dobson collection, 1962-2014 (Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Richard Dobson
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Richard James Joseph Dobson II
- **birth place**: Tyler, Texas, Tyler, Texas, United States
- **genre**: Country music, Country, Folk music, folk
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, musician
- **instrument**: Guitar, vocals
- **years active**: 1970s – 2017
- **label**: Buttermilk, Rinconada, RJD, Brambus, Sundown
- **associated acts**: State of the Heart, Dick & the Dirt, Earthmover
777 (number)

**777** (**seven hundred [and] seventy-seven**) is the natural number after 776 and before 778. It is important in some religions and superstitions.

## In mathematics

777 is an odd, composite, palindromic repdigit. It is also a sphenic number, an extravagant number, a lucky number, a polite number, an amenable number, and a deficient number. 777 is a congruent number, as it is possible to make a right triangle with rationally numbered side lengths whose area is 777.

## Religious significance

According to the Bible, Lamech, the father of Noah lived for 777 years.

### Thelema

777 is also found in the title of the book _777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley_ pertaining to the law of thelema.

### Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging

The Afrikaner Resistance Movement (_Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging_, AWB), a Boer-nationalist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist movement in South Africa, used the number 777 as part of their emblem.

The number refers to a triumph of "God's number" 7 over the number of the beast. On the AWB flag, the numbers are arranged in a triskelion shape, resembling the Nazi Swastika.

## Computing

In Unix's chmod, change-access-mode command, the octal value 777 grants all file-access permissions to all user types in a file.

### Aviation

Boeing, the largest manufacturer of airliners in the United States, released the Boeing 777 (commonly nicknamed the _Triple Seven_) in June 1995. The 777 family includes the 777-200, 777-200ER, the 777-300, the 777-200LR Worldliner, the 777-300ER, and the 777 Freighter. The -100 wasn't continued in production due to loss of interest. In the 21st century, Boeing has developed what will be in use for some different airlines, called the Boeing 777X. Projects have been delayed because of COVID-19, but will return to normal production.

### 777 Tower

777 Tower is an office building situated in the US and it was built in 1991.

## Gambling and luck

777 is used on most slot machines in the United States to identify a jackpot. As it is considered a lucky number, banknotes with a serial number containing 777 tend to be valued by collectors and numismatists. The US Mint and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing sells uncirculated 777 $1 bills for this reason.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 777
Z'EV

**Z'EV** (born **Stefan Joel Weisser**, February 8, 1951 – December 16, 2017) was an American poet, percussionist, and sound artist. He was known for creating his own percussion sounds out of industrial materials for many of record labels. He was called a pioneer of industrial music.

Z'EV was critically injured in the Cimarron train derailment which took place near Dodge City, Kansas on March 14, 2016. Since the accident he suffered from many health problems and died on December 16, 2017 of sepsis at the age of 66.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Z'EV
- **image**: StefanJoelWeisser aka Z'EV.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Stefan Joel Weisser
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **instrument**: Found object (music), Found objects, percussion instrument, percussion
- **genre**: Industrial music, Industrial
Argumentum ad lazarum

***Argumentum ad lazarum*** or **appeal to poverty** is the informal fallacy of thinking that is right just because the person who said it is poor, or that the conclusion is wrong because the person who said it is rich. It is named after Lazarus, a beggar in a New Testament parable who gets rewarded in the afterlife.

This is often phrased as the statement, "poor, but honest."

The opposite is the _argumentum ad crumenam_.

## Examples

- _Family-run farms are struggling to get by, so when they say that we need to help them, they must be on to something._
- _Homeless people say that it's hard to find places to live. Therefore it must be._
- _The monks have given up all material possessions. They must be enlightened._
- _All you need to know about the civil war in that country is that the rebels live in mud huts, while the general who sends troops against them sits in a fancy, air-conditioned office._

## References

- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Fallacies
- Philosophical Society – logical fallacies
Johnny Fox (performer)

**Johnny Fox** (November 13, 1953 – December 17, 2017) was an American professional sword swallower and sleight of hand expert. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was raised in Hartford, Connecticut.

Fox began performing magic and comedy while working as a waiter in Saint Petersburg, Florida. He was inspired by Harry Houdini. Fox could swallow up to 22 inches of steel. Fox was the resident sword-swallower at the annual Maryland Renaissance Festival in Crownsville, and performed there from 1981 through 2017.

Fox was diagnosed with liver cancer in October 2016. He died on December 17, 2017 in Hartford from the disease at the age of 64.

## Other websites

- The Johnny Fox Official Homepage
- Freakatorium - El Museo Loco
- Maryland Renaissance Festival
Bob Glidden

**Bob Glidden** (August 18, 1944 – December 17, 2017) was an American drag racer. He was born in Whiteland, Indiana. He retired from Pro Stock racing in 1997 and returned in 2010.

Glidden retired as the driver with the most wins in National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) history at that time (a feat recently topped by 16 time Funny Car champion John Force). He was the third most successful drag racer of the professional class drivers (sixth when counting sportsman national event winners). Glidden won 85 NHRA National Events.

Glidden died in Whiteland on December 17, 2017 of colorectal cancer at the age of 73.
Jonghyun

**Kim Jong-hyun** (April 8, 1990 – December 18, 2017), better known by the mononym **Jonghyun**, was a South Korean singer-songwriter, and radio host. He was a vocalist of the South Korean boy group Shinee. Jonghyun debuted as a solo artist on January 12, 2015, with his first EP, titled _Base_.

In the same year, on September 17, Jonghyun released a compilation album, _Story Op.1_. On May 24, 2016, Jonghyun released his first studio album, _She Is_, followed by his second compilation album, _Story Op.2_ on April 24, 2017. After his death, his final album _Poet | Artist_ was released.

Jonghyun died in Seoul on December 18, 2017 of carbon monoxide poisoning in an act of suicide at the age of 27.

### Album

- _She Is_ (2016)
- _Poet | Artist_ (2018)

### Mini-Album

- _Base_ (2015)

### Compilations

- _Story Op.1_ (2016)
- _Story Op.2_ (2017)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **years active**: 2008–2017


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jonghyun
- **image**: Jonghyun at 2016 Korean Popular Culture And Arts Awards.jpg
- **caption**: Jonghyun at 2016 Korean Popular Culture And Arts Awards
- **native name**: 김종현
- **birth name**: Kim Jong-hyun
- **birth place**: Jung District, Seoul, South Korea
- **death place**: Gangnam District, Seoul, South Korea
- **death cause**: Carbon monoxide poisoning
- **signature**: Kim Jonghyun's Signature.png


## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Gim Jonghyeon
- **mr**: Kim Chonghyŏn
Kevin Mahogany

**Kevin Mahogany** (July 30, 1958 – December 17, 2017) was an American jazz vocalist. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His career began in the 1990s. He was known for his scat singing, and his singing style has been compared with jazz singers Joe Williams and Johnny Hartman. His best known work was his album _It Don't Mean a Thing_ (1993) which he performed with Elvis Jones.

Mahogany died of heart failure on December 17, 2017 in Kansas City at the age of 59.

## Other websites

- Kevin Mahogany's official site
Basque alphabet

The **Basque alphabet** is a Latin alphabet used to write the Basque language. It has 27 letters.

## List of letters

|Letter|Basque name|Pronunciation||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align: center"|A|_a_|/a/|
|style="text-align: center"|B|_be_|/b/|
|style="text-align: center"|C|_ze*_ (and its variant Ç _ze hautsia*_)|/s/, /k/|
|style="text-align: center"|D|_de_|/d/, /d̪/, /ð/|
|style="text-align: center"|E|_e_|/e/|
|style="text-align: center"|F|_efe_|/f/|
|style="text-align: center"|G|_ge_|/g/, /ɣ/|
|style="text-align: center"|H|_hatxe_|∅, /h/|
|style="text-align: center"|I|_i_|/i/, /i̭/|
|style="text-align: center"|J|_jota_|/j/, /x/, /ʝ/, /ɟ/|
|style="text-align: center"|K|_ka_|/k/|
|style="text-align: center"|L|_ele_|/l/|
|style="text-align: center"|M|_eme_|/m/|
|style="text-align: center"|N|_ene_|/n/|
|style="text-align: center"|Ñ|_eñe_|/ɲ/|
|style="text-align: center"|O|_o_|/o/|
|style="text-align: center"|P|_pe_|/p/|
|style="text-align: center"|Q|_ku*_|/k/|
|style="text-align: center"|R|_erre_|/r/, /ɾ/|
|style="text-align: center"|S|_ese_|/s̺/|
|style="text-align: center"|T|_te_|/t/, /t̪/|
|style="text-align: center"|U|_u_|/u/, /u̯/|
|style="text-align: center"|V|_uve*_|/b/, /β/|
|style="text-align: center"|W|_uve bikoitza*_|/u̯/|
|style="text-align: center"|X|_ixa_|/ʃ/|
|style="text-align: center"|Y|_i grekoa*_|/i/, /i̭/|
|style="text-align: center"|Z|_zeta_|/s̻/|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Although letters C, Ç, Q, V, W, and Y are not used in writing traditional Basque words, they are in the Basque alphabet for writing words from other languages.|||

## Other websites

- Basque language – English Pen
- The Basque Alphabet
Dotted and dotless I

**Dotted and dotless _I**_ are two different letters in the Turkish alphabet. One of them (**İ, i**) has a dot above it and the other (**I, ı**) does not. This is true in both the capital and lower case forms of the letters (see the picture).

The dotless I has the  sound, while the dotted İ has the  sound. To show how they are pronounced, here are two examples:
- _İstanbul_  (starts with an **i** sound, not an **ı**).
- _Diyarbakır_  (the first and last vowels are spelled and pronounced differently)

Some of the other Turkic languages that use the Latin script, like Azerbaijani and Tatar, also use both kinds of I. But in all these languages, including Turkish, the letter _j_ does not have a dotted or dotless form, with a dot only on the lower case character (**J, j**), just like in the Indo-European languages. However, a dotless j, ȷ, does exist in Unicode.
Tree of Jesse

The **Tree of Jesse** is a depiction in art of the ancestors of Christ, shown in a tree which rises from Jesse of Bethlehem, the father of King David and is the original use of the family tree as a schematic representation of a genealogy.