juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anti-Mexican sentiment

**Anti-Mexican sentiment** is a dislike towards people of Mexican descent, Mexican culture and/or Mexican Spanish.
Wetback

**Wetback** is a derogatory term used in the United States to refer to foreign nationals residing in the U.S., most commonly Mexicans. The word mostly targets illegal immigrants in the United States.
Spic

Spic is an ethnic slur used in the United States for people from Spanish-speaking countries, especially those in Latin America. It is mostly used towards Panamanians.
Beaner

**Beaner** is a derogatory slur towards Mexicans and Mexican Americans. The term comes from the fact that beans are popular in Mexican cuisine.
Gliese 422 b

**Gliese 422 b** is an Extrasolar planet orbiting Red dwarf, the planet was discovered in 2014, and the discovery was confirmed in 2020.

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Gliese 422 b
- **discoverer**: M. Tuomi _et al._
- **discovered**: 3 March 2014
- **discovery method**: Radial velocity method
- **apsis**: astron
- **eccentricity**: 0.11
- **period**: 20.129 day, d
- **semi-amplitude**: 4.49
- **star**: Gliese 422
(Innes' star)
BridgeOS

**bridgeOS** is an operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. for use exclusively with its hardware. bridgeOS runs on the T series Apple silicon processors and operates the OLED touchscreen strip called the "Touch Bar" as well as multiple other functions, including managing the encrypted data in their Secure Enclave and acting as a gatekeeper and video codec to the device's cameras. bridgeOS is a heavily modified version of Apple's watchOS.

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: bridgeOS
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **working state**: Current
- **source model**: Closed source, Closed, with open-source software, open-source components
- **update model**: Over-the-air programming, FOTA
- **license**: Proprietary software except for open-source components
- **support status**: Supported with vulnerabilities (checkra1n)
Reference.com

**Reference.com** is an online encyclopedia that organizes content that uses a question-and-answer format. Articles are organized into hierarchical categories.

Before IAC restructured the site following an acquisition in 2008, Reference.com comprised multiple reference works, and disclosed its sources.

## History

Reference.com was launched by InReference, Inc in February 1997. The site was later acquired by Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. In 2005, Lexico announced that Reference.com would begin offering searches of Wikipedia content.

The popularity of Dictionary.com had been greatly boosted by Google's practice of offering a link at the top of their search results that goes to the Dictionary.com definition. This exclusive relationship was terminated without explanation to the public when the Google links were redirected to definitions at Answers.com. (In December 2009, the Answers.com links were replaced with Google's own dictionary.) Google added a Dictionary.com definition link for certain search words in a non-exclusive relationship (along with links to definitions from a few other commercial reference websites). On 3 July 2008, IAC acquired Lexico Publishing Group, LLC and its three properties: Thesaurus.com, Reference.com, and Dictionary.com.

## Sources

Reference.com reproduces content from external sources. The site's sources include other online dictionaries, encyclopedias, and a search of terms found on other websites such as Wikipedia and the CIA _World Factbook_. The site can also search Usenet groups and other mailing lists.

The encyclopedia had articles from such sources as the 2004 _Columbia Electronics Encyclopedia_, the _Crystal Reference Encyclopedia_, and (later) the English Wikipedia. Its online dictionary indexed the _American Heritage Dictionary_, _Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary_, the Jargon File, the _Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary_, Acronym Finder, _Stedman's Medical Dictionary_, _Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary_, the _On-line Medical Dictionary_, and _WordNet_. Its thesaurus was based on multiple versions of _Roget's Thesaurus_. The site's web directory was an interface to the Open Directory Project, and its web search feature used Google Search. An interface to Google Translate was added in 2008.

## User tracking

Reference.com in 2010 topped the list compiled by _The Wall Street Journal_ ranking websites by how many third-party tracking cookies were added to the user's computer. Reference.com added 234 tracking cookies when encountering a first-time user.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Reference.com
- **logo**: Reference-com logo.svg
- **type**: Online encyclopedia, dictionary, thesaurus
- **language**: English, Spanish
- **owner**: IAC (company), IAC
Pokkanchery

**Pokkanchery** is a place in Thrissur district of Kerala, India. The place is notable for electoral ward in Vadanapally Gram panchayat.

## Related pages

- Vadanappally
- Ganeshamangalam
Riele Downs

**Riele West Downs** is a Canadian-American actress who portrays Charlotte Page on the Nickelodeon crime-fighting sitcom, _Henry Danger_.

## Biography

Riele Downs was born and raised in Toronto, Canada. She is an actress best known for her role as Charlotte in _Henry Danger_. Downs has starred in a slew of movies including The Best Man Holiday, Ruby Skye P.I.: The Maltese Puppy, and The Gabby Douglas Story. She also appeared in A Russell Peters Christmas Special back in 2011. In 2017, she performed a lead role in the Nickelodeon original movie _Tiny Christmas_ alongside fellow Nickelodeon star Lizzy Greene..

## Other websites

- Riele Downs' Twitter
- Riele Downs' Instagram
- Riele Downs' IMDb
- Riele Downs' Facebook

## Infobox (person)

- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2004-present
- **height**: 5'5”
Edassery

**Edassery** is a village in the district of Thrissur in the state of Kerala, India.

## Related pages

- Ganeshamangalam
- Vadanappally
- Thalikulam
Vadanappally

**Vadanappally** (**Vatanappilly**/**Vadanapally**) is a panchayat and census town in Thrissur district, in the state of Kerala, India. It is a suburb of thrissur city.

## Related pages

- Ganeshamangalam
- Pokkanchery
- Edassery
Answers.com

You are an ICT professional working with Hoist Technologies, tasked with implementing a secure and transparent system for managing patient records in hospitals using blockchain technology. The system must also support smart contracts for automated processes like patient registration and invoicing. 1) How would you structure the blockchain ledger to ensure the immutability and transparency of patient records, while also protecting patient privacy?

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Answers Corporation
- **logo**: Answers.com Logo.png
- **logo size**: 200px
- **logo caption**: The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions.
- **founder**: Bob Rosenschein, Mark Tebbe
- **industry**: Internet
- **owner**: Apax Partners
- **language**: English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Tagalog
- **company type**: Private company, Private
- **foundation**: (as GuruNet)
- **location city**: St. Louis, Missouri
- **location country**: United States
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Curtis Strite (GM & CTO)
Ben McCoy (CFO)
- **num employees**: 18
- **website type**: Q&A website, Question & Answer
- **current status**: Active


## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Answers
- **operating system**: iOS (operating system), iOS, Android (operating system), Android
Thalikulam

**Thalikulam** is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.
Loiyumba

**Meidingu Loiyumba** or **Meidingu Loyumba** was a Meitei king of the Ningthouja dynasty and the founder of the Kangleipak Kingdom who ruled from 1073 CE to 1121 CE. He is best known for his introduction of the Loiyumba Silyel which was the first written constitution of the kingdom in 1110 CE. He set a distinct duty to every family in the kingdom. During his reign, it is believed that Gods disappeared from the kingdom and the humans came out victorious.

He divided the kingdom into 6 panas or districts (circles). With the ascension of Loiyumba to the throne of the kingdom, it marked the end of the Ancient Manipur era and the start of the Medieval Manipur era. He also introduced the _Lallup_ system which was the Meitei militia.

He succeeded his father Kainou Irengba, and was succeeded by his son Loitongba.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Loiyumba
- **title**: Great Law Giver of Kangleipak
- **succession**: King of Kangleipak
- **reign**: 1073 CE - 1121 CE
- **reign-type**: Monarchy
- **coronation**: 1073 CE
- **predecessor**: Kainou Irengba
- **successor**: Loitongba
- **spouse**: Nongbanlon Sumleima
- **issue**: Loitongba
- **death date**: 1121 CE
- **era name**: Ancient Manipur-Medieval Manipur
- **regnal name**: Meidingu Loiyumba
- **house**: Ningthouja dynasty
- **father**: Kainou Irengba
- **occupation**: Constitutional Monarch of the Ancient Manipur-Medieval Manipur interface period
- **religion**: Sanamahism
The Storm Rider

***The Storm Rider*** is a 1957 American western movie directed by Edward Bernds and was based on the short story _Longrider Jones_ by L. L. Foreman. It stars Scott Brady, Mala Powers, Bill Williams, William Fawcett, Roy Engel, George Keymas, Olin Howland, Bud Osborne and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Phasmahyla guttata

The **spotted leaf frog** (_Phasmahyla guttata_) is a frog that lives in Brazil.  It lives in the mountains not far from the ocean. People have seen it between 50 and 1200 meters above sea level.

The female frog lays eggs on leaves over streams. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the stream below.

Scientists do not believe this frog is in danger of dying out because the place where it lives is not in danger even though, in the past, humans cut down trees to make towns, farms, and places for cows to eat grass.

Scientists think this frog can make useful chemicals in its skin. But they do not think anyone catches this frog to take the chemicals.
Jeff Bass

**Jeffrey "Jeff" Bass** (born May 16, 1961) is an American music producer from Detroit, Michigan, best known as one half of the Bass Brothers and for his work with Eminem. Bass was signed to a contract by Quincy Jones in 1980 at 19 years old.

He co-produced the song "Lose Yourself", alongside Eminem which won the Oscar for Best Original Song at the 75th Academy Awards. The song was featured in the movie 8 Mile, which starred Eminem in his Movie debut.
Aftermath Entertainment

**Aftermath Entertainment** is an American record label founded by hip hop producer and rapper Dr. Dre. It is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Records.
Nela the Little Reporter

**Nela** (born in 2005), known also as **Nela the Little Reporter** (), is a traveler, author of travel books and TV programs aired on National Polish TV TVP ABC.
Ajmer district

**Ajmer District** is a district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The city of Ajmer is the district headquarters.

Ajmer District has an area of 8,481 km<sup>2</sup>, and a population of 2,583,052 (2011 census). Three main religions are; Hindu 1,869,044, Muslim 244,341, Jains 47,812. The district is in the center of Rajasthan, and is bordered to the north by the Nagaur District, to the east by the Jaipur, to the south by the Tonk, Bhilwara District, and to the west by the Pali District.

## Other websites

- Ajmer District website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ajmer district
- **settlement type**: List of districts in Rajasthan, District of Rajasthan
- **total type**: Total
- **native name**: अजमेर जिला
- **image skyline**: 20191214 Ghaty nad Jeziorem Puszkar 1447 8505.jpg
- **image caption**: Ghats along Pushkar Lake
- **image map**: Ajmer in Rajasthan (India).svg
- **map caption**: Location of Ajmer district in Rajasthan
- **coor pinpoint**: Ajmer
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and union territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Rajasthan
- **subdivision type2**: Division
- **subdivision name2**: Ajmer division, Ajmer
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Headquarters
- **seat**: Ajmer
- **parts type**: Tehsils of India, Tehsils
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 1. Kishangarh, 2. Ajmer, 3. Sarwar, 4. Kekri, Rajasthan, Kekri, 5. Peesangan, 6. Nasirabad, Ajmer, Nasirabad, 7. Masuda, 8. Beawar, 9. Bhinay
- **area total km2**: 8481
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 2,583,052
- **population urban**: 40.1%
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Demographics
- **demographics1 title1**: Literacy in India, Literacy
- **demographics1 info1**: 69.3%
- **demographics1 title2**: Sex ratio
- **demographics1 info2**: 951
- **leader title**: District collector
- **leader name**: Ms. Arti Dogra
- **leader title1**: Lok Sabha, Lok Sabha constituencies
- **leader name1**: 1. Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency), Ajmer (shared with Jaipur district, Jaipur district), 2. Rajsamand (Lok Sabha constituency), Rajsamand (shared with Nagaur district, Nagaur, Pali district, Pali and Rajsamand district, Rajsamand districts)
- **leader title2**: Vidhan Sabha, Vidhan Sabha constituencies
- **leader name2**: 1. Dudu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Dudu, 2. Ajmer North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Ajmer North, 3. Ajmer South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Ajmer South, 4. Pushkar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Pushkar, 5. Kishangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Kisahngarh, 6. Nasirabad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Nasirabad, 7. Masuda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Masuda, 8. Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency), Kekri
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **registration plate**: RJ-01
- **blank name sec1**: Roads in India, Major highways
- **blank info sec1**: National Highway 48 (India), NH 48, National Highway 58 (India), NH 58, National Highway 448 (India), NH 448
- **blank name sec2**: Average annual precipitation
- **blank info sec2**: 481.3 mm
2021 California wildfires

**The California Wildfires 2021** are a series of wildfires. They burned in wild parts of California in the United States. As of July 26, 2021, a total of 5,566 fires happened , with 458,429 acres (185,520 ha) burned in California. Brushfires destroyed at least 323 buildings, and at least 7 firefighters were hurt fighting the fires.

California's wildfire season started earlier in 2021 than it had in other years.  There was a long drought and much less rainfall than usual.  The reservoirs were also lower than usual. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection said that, in January 2021 alone, 297 fires happened across 1,171 acres (4.74 km2) of non-federal land. This is almost three times the number of fires than the five-year average.  It is more than 20 times the area of the five-year average. The January fires were worse because of strong Santa Ana winds. Some of the fires burned in the same areas as previous fires.

The long-term trend is that wildfires in the state are on the increase due to climate change. There were more fires in 2021 than in 2020 season, which in itself was the largest season in the state's recorded history. As of July 11, more than three times as many acres were burned than in 2020.  Experts said drought, extreme heat, and less snow in the winter made the fires burn worse. The state also faces an increased risk of landslides after wildfires because the plants that hold the earth in place have burned and died.
Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem

**The Consulate General of the United States in Jerusalem** was the diplomatic mission of the United States of America accredited to the Palestinian population of the West Bank (including Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. In May 2018, the United States moved its embassy in Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. In mid-October 2018, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced that the Consulate General would merge with the US Embassy in Jerusalem and that relations with the Palestinians would be conducted through a special Palestinian affairs unit inside the embassy. On March 4, 2019, the Consulate General officially ceased operations and merged with the US Embassy in Jerusalem.

## History

The US Consulate was opened in 1844 in Old Jerusalem, inside Jaffa Gate, in what is today the Swedish Center for Christian Studies. In the late 19th century, the consulate was moved to Al-Anbiya Street. In 1912, it was moved to Kershon Akron Street, in what is now West Jerusalem. The main building, one of the first houses built outside the old city walls, was built in 1868 by the German Lutheran missionary Ferdinand Vester. On May 23, 1948, Consul General Thomas Wesson was assassinated. In 1952, the consulate rented another building on Nablus Road, East Jerusalem. On December 1, 2017, two senior US officials revealed that US President Donald Trump is likely to deliver a speech, Wednesday, December 6, in which he recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and will postpone the transfer of the US embassy in Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
Richard Garriott

**Richard Allen Garriott de Cayeux** (_né_ **Garriott**; born July 4, 1961) is an American video game developer and businessman.

Garriott is the son of NASA astronaut Owen Garriott.

On October 12, 2008, Garriott flew aboard the Soyuz TMA-13 mission to the International Space Station as a private astronaut. He returned 12 days later aboard Soyuz TMA-12.

Garriott founded the video game development company Portalarium in 2009. He was CEO and creative director of _Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues_.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **child**: yes
- **type**: Space Adventures private astronaut//
 List of films featuring space stations, Cast Of an In Space Station Film
- **time**: 11d 20h 35m
- **mission**: Soyuz TMA-13/Soyuz TMA-12, TMA-12


## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Richard garriott july 2008.jpg
- **name**: Richard Garriott
- **caption**: Garriott in July 2008
- **citizenship**: United States nationality law, American, British nationality law, British
- **birth name**: Richard Allen Garriott
- **birth place**: Cambridge, England
- **occupation**: Video game developer
- **known for**: Ultima (series), _Ultima_ series
Origin Systems
Space tourism, Private astronaut
- **awards**: Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame, AIAS Hall of Fame Award (2006)
- **relatives**: Robert Garriott (brother)
- **children**: 2
Anousheh Ansari

**Anousheh Ansari** (; née **Raissyan**; born September 12, 1966) is an Iranian-American engineer. She is the co-founder and chairwoman of Prodea Systems.

On September 18, 2006, a few days after her 40th birthday, she became the first Iranian ever in space. Ansari was the fourth overall self-funded space tourist, and the first self-funded woman to fly to the International Space Station.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **child**: yes
- **name**: Anousheh Ansari
- **type**: Spaceflight participant
- **status**: Retired
- **occupation**: Electrical Engineer
- **time**: 10d 21h 5m
- **mission**: Soyuz TMA-9/Soyuz TMA-8, 8


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anousheh Ansari
- **image**: AnoushehAnsari.jpg
- **caption**: Anousheh Ansari
- **birth name**: Anousheh Raissyan
- **birth place**: Mashhad, Iran
- **occupation**: Businessperson
- **title**: CEO of X Prize Foundation
- **nationality**: Iranian American
- **citizenship**: Dual Iranian-American
- **relatives**: Amir Ansari (Brother-in-law)
- **education**: Electrical engineering and computer science
Guy Laliberté

**Guy Laliberté**,  (born 2 September 1952) is a Canadian billionaire businessman, director, and poker player. He is the co-founder of Cirque du Soleil. In January 2018, Laliberté was ranked by _Forbes_ as the 11th wealthiest Canadian. In September 2009, he became the first Canadian space tourist.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **child**: yes
- **type**: Space Adventures Tourist
- **space time**: 10d 21h 17m
- **missions**: Soyuz TMA-16 / Soyuz TMA-14, TMA-14


## Infobox (poker player)

- **child**: yes
- **nickname**: Ahtata (Full Tilt Poker)
- **wpt titles**: _None_
- **wpt final tables**: 1
- **wpt money finishes**: 2


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Guy Laliberté
- **image**: Guy Laliberte WPT.jpg
- **caption**: Laliberté at the $25,000 World Poker Tour No Limit Hold'em Championship
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **birth place**: Quebec City, Quebec,  Canada
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **known for**: Co-founder of Cirque du Soleil
- **networth**: US$1.2 billion (June 2020)
- **party**: Rhinoceros Party of Canada (1963–93), Rhinoceros (1980)
- **spouse**: Rizia Moreira (ex de facto spouse)
- **partner**: Claudia Barilla (girlfriend)
- **children**: 5
Doug Liman

**Douglas Eric Liman** (; born July 24, 1965) is an American movie director and producer. He is known for directing _Swingers_ (1996), _Go_ (1999), _The Bourne Identity_ (2002), _Mr. & Mrs. Smith_ (2005), _Jumper_ (2008), _Edge of Tomorrow_ (2014), and _American Made_ (2017).

## Other websites

- "The Liman Identity" – New York Magazine biography
- www.30ninjas.com – Doug Liman's Action Website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Doug Liman
- **image**: Doug Liman 2011 Shankbone.JPG
- **caption**: Liman in 2011
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States of America, United States
- **alma mater**: Brown University
- **occupation**: Film director, producer
- **birthname**: Douglas Eric Liman
- **yearsactive**: 1994–present
- **father**: Arthur L. Liman
- **relatives**: Lewis J. Liman (brother)
Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005 movie)

***Mr. & Mrs. Smith*** is a 2005 American action comedy movie directed by Doug Liman and written by Simon Kinberg. The movie stars Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie. It is about a bored married couple surprised to find out that they are assassins who have been assigned to kill each other. The movie became known for starting Pitt and Jolie's relationship.

The movie was released in the United States on June 10, 2005.
Intergender

**Intergender** is a gender identity tied to ones intersex traits or a non-binary gender intermediary between male and female.
Asha-Rose Migiro

**Asha-Rose Mtengeti Migiro** (born 9 July 1956) is a Tanzanian politician and diplomat who was the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dr Asha–Rose Migiro
- **image**: File:Asha-Rose Migiro.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **office6**: High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
- **term start6**: 2016
- **predecessor6**: Peter Kallage
- **office**: Ministry of Justice and Constitution Affairs, Minister of Justice and Constitution Affairs
- **term start**: 20 January 2014
- **term end**: 5 November 2015
- **president**: Jakaya Kikwete
- **predecessor**: Mathias Chikawe
- **office2**: Member of Parliament (Tanzania), Member of Parliament
- **term start2**: 12 December 2013
- **term end2**: July 2015
- **appointer2**: Jakaya Kikwete
- **constituency2**: None (Nominated MP)
- **office3**: 3rd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, Deputy Secretary-General
 of the United Nations
- **term start3**: 5 February 2007
- **term end3**: 1 July 2012
- **1namedata3**: Ban Ki-moon
- **predecessor3**: Mark Malloch Brown
- **successor3**: Jan Eliasson
- **office4**: 12th Minister of Foreign Affairs (Tanzania), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start4**: 4 January 2006
- **term end4**: 11 January 2007
- **predecessor4**: Jakaya Kikwete
- **successor4**: Bernard Membe
- **office5**: Minister of Community Development,
Women and Children
- **term start5**: 2000
- **term end5**: 2005
- **president5**: Benjamin Mkapa
- **successor5**: Sophia Simba
- **birth place**: Songea, Tanganyika Territory, Tanganyika
- **nationality**: Tanzanian
- **party**: Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM
- **spouse**: Cleophas Migiro
- **alma mater**: University of Dar es Salaam

- **profession**: Lawyer
- **blank1**: Positions
- **data1**: Lecturer, University of Dar es Salaam, UDSM
 Chancellor (education), Chancellor, Open University of Tanzania, OUT
Jan Eliasson

**Jan Kenneth Eliasson** (born 17 September 1940) is a Swedish politician. He was Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from July 2012 to December 2016. He is a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. He was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 24 April to 6 October 2006.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jan Eliasson
- **image**: Jan Eliasson 2010-06-17 002.jpg
- **caption**: Jan Eliasson in October 2010
- **office**: 4th Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
- **1namedata**: Ban Ki-moon
- **term start**: 1 July 2012
- **term end**: 31 December 2016
- **predecessor**: Asha-Rose Migiro
- **successor**: Amina J. Mohammed, Amina Mohammed
- **office1**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister1**: Göran Persson
- **term start1**: 24 April 2006
- **term end1**: 6 October 2006
- **predecessor1**: Laila Freivalds
- **successor1**: Carl Bildt
- **office2**: 60th President of the United Nations General Assembly
- **term start2**: 13 September 2005
- **term end2**: 11 September 2006
- **predecessor2**: Jean Ping
- **successor2**: Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa
- **office3**: List of ambassadors of Sweden to the United States, Swedish Ambassador to the United States
- **term start3**: 2000
- **term end3**: 2005
- **predecessor3**: Rolf Ekéus
- **successor3**: Gunnar Lund
- **office4**: State Secretary for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), State Secretary for Foreign Affairs
- **term start4**: 1994
- **term end4**: 1999
- **predecessor4**: Lars-Åke Nilsson
- **successor4**: Hans Dahlgren
- **office5**: 1st Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Under Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator
- **term start5**: 1992
- **term end5**: 1994
- **predecessor5**: Position established
- **successor5**: Peter Hansen (UN), Peter Hansen
- **office6**: Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations, Swedish Ambassador to the United Nations
- **term start6**: 1988
- **term end6**: 1992
- **predecessor6**: Anders Ferm
- **successor6**: Peter Osvald
- **birth name**: Jan Kenneth Eliasson
- **birth place**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **party**: Swedish Social Democratic Party, Social Democratic
- **alma mater**: Royal Swedish Naval Academy
University of Gothenburg
Amina J. Mohammed

**Amina Jane Mohammed** (born 27 June 1961) is a Nigerian politician. She is the fifth Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. She was Nigerian Minister of Environment from 2015 to 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Her Excellency
- **name**: Amina J. Mohammed
- **office**: 5th Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
- **image**: Amina_J._Mohammed_in_London_-_2018_(41824822362)_(cropped).jpg
- **predecessor**: Jan Eliasson
- **1namedata**: António Guterres
- **office1**: Federal Ministries of Nigeria, Minister of Environment
- **predecessor1**: **Lawrencia Laraba-Mallam**
- **president1**: Muhammadu Buhari
- **successor1**: Ibrahim Usman Jibril
- **birth place**: Liverpool, England
- **term start**: 28 February 2017
- **term start1**: 11 November 2015
- **term end1**: 15 December 2016
- **alma mater**: The Buchan School
Henley Management College
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom, British
- **nationality**: Nigerian people, Nigeria
Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations

The **Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations** is the deputy to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. It was created by the General Assembly at the end of 1997.

## List

||Deputy Secretary-General|class="unsortable"|Portrait|Country|Term|Secretary-General||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|<span style="display:none">Louise Fréchette</span>Louise Fréchette|align=center|||2 March 1998 – 1 April 2006|rowspan=2|Kofi Annan|
|2|<span style="display:none">Mark Malloch Brown</span>Mark Malloch Brown|align=center|||1 April 2006 – 31 December 2006|||
|3|<span style="display:none">Asha-Rose Migiro</span>Asha-Rose Migiro|align=center|||5 February 2007 – 1 July 2012|rowspan=2|Ban Ki-moon|
|4|<span style="display:none">Jan Eliasson</span>Jan Eliasson|align=center|||1 July 2012 – 31 December 2016|||
|5|<span style="display:none">Amina J. Mohammed</span>Amina J. Mohammed|align=center|||1 January 2017 – present|António Guterres||

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Deputy Secretary-General
- **body**: the United Nations
- **insignia**: Emblem of the United Nations.svg
- **insigniasize**: 85px
- **insigniacaption**: Emblem of the United Nations
- **image**: Amina J. Mohammed in London - 2018 (41824822362) (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Amina J. Mohammed
- **incumbentsince**: 1 January 2017
- **department**: United Nations
United Nations Secretariat
- **style**:  Her Excellency
- **seat**: Headquarters of the United Nations, UN Headquarters
New York City, USA
- **reports to**: The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Secretary-General
- **appointer**: The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Secretary-General
- **appointer qualified**: The Secretary-General appoints the Deputy Secretary-General following consultations
with UN Member States, Member States and in accordance with Article 101 of the Charter of the United Nations.
- **termlength**: _See below_
- **termlength qualified**: The term of office of the Deputy Secretary-General must not exceed that of the Secretary-General.
- **inaugural**: Louise Fréchette
- **precursor**: Deputy Secretary-General of the League of Nations
- **formation**: 1997
- **constituting instrument**: United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly Resolution 52/12 B
- **website**: [https://www.un.org/sg/en/dsg/index.shtml Deputy Secretary-General]
Mark Malloch Brown

**George Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown**  (born 16 September 1953) is a British diplomat, communications consultant, journalist and former politician. He was president of Open Society Foundations since 2021. For a short time in 2006, he was the 2nd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Lord Malloch-Brown
- **image**: Lord Malloch Brown 2.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait,  2007–09
- **office**: Minister of State for Africa and the United Nations
- **term start**: 28 June 2007
- **term end**: 24 July 2009
- **primeminister**: Gordon Brown
- **predecessor**: Brian Wilson (Labour politician), Brian Wilson (2001)
- **successor**: Glenys Kinnock, The Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead
- **office2**: 2nd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
- **term start2**: 1 April 2006
- **term end2**: 31 December 2006
- **1namedata2**: Kofi Annan
- **predecessor2**: Louise Fréchette
- **successor2**: Asha-Rose Migiro
- **office3**: Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme
- **1namedata3**: Kofi Annan
- **term start3**: 1 July 1999
- **term end3**: 15 August 2005
- **predecessor3**: James Speth
- **successor3**: Kemal Derviş
- **office4**: Member of the House of Lords
- **status4**: Lord Temporal
- **term label4**: Life peerage
- **term start4**: 9 July 2007
- **term end4**: 7 September 2015
- **birth name**: George Mark Malloch Brown
- **birth place**: Marylebone, London, England
- **party**: None (Crossbencher)
- **otherparty**: Labour Party (UK), Labour (former)
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Marlborough College
Louise Fréchette

**Louise Fréchette**, OC (born July 16, 1946) is a Canadian politician. She is the 1st United Nations Deputy Secretary-General from 1997 until 2006. From 1992 until 1994, she was the Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations.

## Other websites

- UN Deputy Secretary-General biography
- CIGI Distinguished Fellow biography
- C-SPAN appearances

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Louise Fréchette
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Canada, OC
- **image**: File:Louise Fréchette.JPG
- **caption**: Louise Fréchette in May 2015
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: United Nations Deputy Secretary-General
- **term start**: 1 April 1997
- **term end**: 1 April 2006
- **1blankname**: Secretary-General
- **1namedata**: Kofi Annan
- **predecessor**: _Office established_
- **successor**: Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown, Mark Malloch-Brown
- **prior term**: 2
- **office2**: Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations, Canadian Ambassador
 to the United Nations
- **term start2**: January 1992
- **term end2**: December 1994
- **predecessor2**: Yves Fortier (lawyer), Yves Fortier
- **successor2**: Robert Fowler (diplomat), Robert Fowler
- **birth place**: Montreal
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **alma mater**: Université de Montréal
College of Europe
Gregory Olsen

**Gregory Hammond Olsen** (born  April 20, 1945) is an American businessman, engineer and scientist. In October 2005, he became the third private citizen to make a self-funded trip to the International Space Station with the company Space Adventures.

Olsen was the co-founder and chairman of Sensors Unlimited Inc.

## Other websites

- Greg Olsen, Official Web Site GHO Ventures, LLC
- 'Space tourist' blasts off to ISS – BBC, 1 October 2005
- 'Space tourist' arrives at Space Station – BBC, 3 October 2005
- Trek to Space Station Is 'A Dream Come True'
- Spacefacts biography of Gregory Olsen
- Pictures and narrative of the Soyuz TMA-7 launch
- Human Presence in Space International Forum

## Infobox (scientist)

- **embed**: yes
- **field**: Material science
- **thesis title**: The fcc-bcc transformation in thin iron films.
- **thesis url**: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19944605
- **thesis year**: 1970
- **doctoral advisor**: William A. Jesser


## Infobox (astronaut)

- **name**: Gregory Olsen
- **image**: Gregory Olsen.jpg
- **type**: Space Adventures Tourist
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Entrepreneur
- **alma mater**: Fairleigh Dickinson University (Bachelor of Science, B.S., Bachelor of Engineering, B.Eng, Master of Science, M.S.)
University of Virginia (Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D.)
- **space time**: 9d 21h 15m
- **missions**: Soyuz TMA-7 / Soyuz TMA-6
Socialist Party (Belgium)

The **Socialist Party** (, **PS**) is a social democratic political party in Belgium. It is the second largest party in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives and was the largest French speaking party as of 2014.

### Chamber of Representatives

|Election|Votes|%|Seats|+/−|Government||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|689,876|12.5||||||||
|733,137|12.2||4||||||
|834,488|13.8||0||||||
|961,361|15.6||5||||||
|831,199|13.5||5||||||
|720,819|11.9||14||||||
|631,653|10.2||2||||||
|855,992|13.0||6||||||
|724,787|10.9||5||||||
|894,543|13.7||6||||||
|787,165|11.7||3||||||
|rowspan=2|641,623|rowspan=2|9.5|rowspan=2||rowspan=2|3||

### Senate

|Election|Votes|%|Seats|+/−|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|685,307|12.5||||
|755,512|12.7||1||
|832,792|13.9||0||
|958,686|15.7||2||
|814,136|13.3||2||
|764,610|12.8||13||
|597,890|9.7||1||
|840,908|12.8||2||
|678,812|10.2||2||
|880,828|13.6||3||

## Controversies

The party, or its members, have been accused of crimes, mostly bribery and financial fraud.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Socialist Party
- **logo**: Socialist Party (Belgium) logo.svg
- **foundation**: 1978
- **ideology**:
Progressivism
Eco-socialism
- **international**: Socialist International
- **country**: Belgium
- **position**: Centre-leftto Left-wing politics, left-wing
- **leader1 title**: President
- **leader1 name**: Paul Magnette
Berkeley Heights, New Jersey

**Berkeley Heights** is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the township's population was 13,285.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
- **settlement type**: Township (New Jersey), Township
- **motto**: "Where Tradition Meets Tomorrow."
- **image skyline**: Berkeley Heights NJ shopping center in town.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250x200px
- **image caption**: Heritage Square Shopping Center
- **image map**: Berkeley_heights_twp_nj_039.png
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Berkeley Heights in Union County, New Jersey, Union County highlighted in yellow (left). Inset map: Location of Union County in New Jersey highlighted in black (right).
- **image map1**: Census_Bureau_map_of_Berkeley_Heights,_New_Jersey.png
- **mapsize1**: 250x200px
- **map caption1**: Census Bureau map of Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Jersey, County
- **subdivision name2**: Union County, New Jersey, Union
- **government type**: Mayor-Council (Faulkner Act)
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City manager, Administrator
- **leader title2**: Municipal clerk
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: November 8, 1809 (as _New Providence Township_)
- **established title1**: Renamed
- **established date1**: November 6, 1951 (as _Berkeley Heights Township_)
- **named for**: John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 16.21
- **area land km2**: 16.11
- **area water km2**: 0.10
- **area total sq mi**: 6.26
- **area land sq mi**: 6.22
- **area water sq mi**: 0.04
- **area water percent**: 0.59
- **area rank**: 251st of 565 in state
6th of 21 in county
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 13285
- **population rank**: 194th of 565 in state
16th of 21 in county
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: 2135.9
- **population density rank**: 284th of 565 in state
20th of 21 in county
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, Eastern (EDT)
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
- **elevation ft**: 394
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 07922
- **area code**: Area code 908, 908
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 3403905320
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0882218
Raúl Baduel

**Raúl Isaías Baduel** (6 July 1955 – 12 October 2021) was a Venezuelan politician and general. He was the Minister of Defense under President Hugo Chávez from 2006 until 2008. He was born in Guárico, Venezuela.

Baduel died on 12 October 2021 at a hospital in Caracas, Venezuela from cardiopulmonary arrest caused by COVID-19, aged 66.
Dragutin Čermak

**Dragutin "Miško" Čermak** (; 12 October 1944 – 12 October 2021) was a Serbian basketball player and coach. He represented SFR Yugoslavia at the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in 1968. Čermak was born in Belgrade.

Čermak died on his 77th birthday on 12 October 2021 in Belgrade.
Ludwig Haas

**Ludwig Haas** (16 April 1933 – 4 September 2021) was a German actor. He was best known for playing Dr. Ludwig Dressler in the WDR German television series _Lindenstraße_. He was born in Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Haas played Adolf Hitler in _The Great Escape II: The Untold Story_.

Haas died on 4 September 2021 in Neumünster, Germany at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Bio at Lindenstraße website
Agnes Tirop

**Agnes Jebet Tirop** (23 October 1995 – 13 October 2021) was a Kenyan professional long-distance runner. She mainly competed in the 5000 metres and cross country running. She won bronze medal in the 10,000 metres events at the 2017 and 2019. Tirop also competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Tirop was found dead in her home in Iten, Elgeyo-Marakwet County on 13 October 2021 with multiple stab wounds in the abdomen, aged 25.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Agnes Tirop
- **birth name**: Agnes Jebet Tirop
- **image**: Agnes Tirop vid friidrotts-VM 2019 i Doha.png
- **caption**: Tirop at the 2019 World Athletics Championships
- **birth place**: Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
- **death place**: Iten, Kenya
- **sport**: Sport of athletics, Athletics
- **event**: 5000 metres, 10,000 metres
Zafar Usmanov

**Zafar Juraevich Usmanov** (; 26 August 1937 – 13 October 2021) was a Soviet and Tajik mathematician. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan. He was a professor of Moscow State University and Technological University of Tajikistan.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: Usmonov Zafar Juraevich (49589938318).jpg
- **name**: Zafar Usmanov
- **birth place**: Dushanbe, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, Tajik SSR, Soviet Union
- **nationality**: Tajiks, Tajik
- **field**: mathematics, computer science
- **alma mater**: MSU Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, MSU (mechmat)
- **workplaces**: Institute of mathematics Tajik Academy of Sciences, TAS
Shahadat

**Shahadat** (شہادت) is an Islamic holiday that occurs on the first of Muharram, the first month in the Islamic calendar.

## Etymology

The Arabic word Shahadat () literally means 'martyrdom'. It is derived from Shaheed () which denotes a martyr in Islam. The word _Shaheed_ occurs frequently in the Quran in the generic sense 'witness', but only once in the sense 'martyr'; this latter sense acquires wider use in the hadiths. In Arabic, Shaheed can mean both a 'witness' and a 'martyr'.

## Background

On 26 Dhu al-Hijjah, when Umar ibn al-Khattab was praying in the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Abu Lulu stabbed him with a double-bladed dagger. Umar died of these wounds on Sunday 1st Muharram of the Islamic year 24.

## Observances

Shahadat has been an official holiday in Pakistan. Rallies are held in various cities including Lahore. In 2011, Tanzeem Ahl-e-Sunnat Wal Jamaat addressed gatherings in Gilgit and demanded of the government to make arrangements for observing the martyrdom day of Umar at government level. He also demanded that a official holiday should be announced on these important days. In 2014, a number of religious scholars and groups in Lahore arranged seminars. The Sipah-e-Sahaba held out a procession from the Data Darbar which was terminated in front of the Lahore Press Club after passing through various streets of the city. In their speeches, Ulema and Mashaikh demanded that 1st Muharram be declared a public holiday. The Sunni Tehreek also took out a procession to mark the day and paid tributes to Umar.  In 2020, Shahadat was officially declared a holiday in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Ray Sullivan

**Raymond J. Sullivan Jr.** (January 31, 1977 – October 11, 2021) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 2005 to 2011. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island.

Sullivan died on October 11, 2021 in Providence at the age of 44.
Viktor Bryukhanov

**Viktor Petrovich Bryukhanov** (Russian: Виктор Петрович Брюханов; 1 December 1935 – 13 October 2021) was an Uzbek politician and engineer. He was the manager of construction of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and the director of the plant from 1970 to 1986. Bryukhanov was born in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Bryukhanov died in Kyiv on 13 October 2021, at the age of 85. The cause of death was multiple strokes caused by Parkinson's disease.
Timuel Black

**Timuel Dixon Black Jr.** (December 7, 1918 – October 13, 2021) was an American historian, educator, author and civil rights activist. He was an expert in African American history in Chicago.

Black began his career as a social worker. During the 1960s, Black was president of the Negro American Labor Council. He was an organizer of the Chicago participation in the 1963 March on Washington.

Black was the named plaintiff in the lawsuit _Black v. McGuffage_. The suit claimed that the Illinois voting system discriminated against minorities during the 2000 United States presidential election.

Black died on October 13, 2021 while in hospice care at his Kenwood home in Chicago, Illinois from prostate cancer, aged 102.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Timuel D. Black Jr.
- **image**: Timuel Black op havoschool Notre Dame des Anges.jpg
- **caption**: Black during his visit to Netherlands, Dutch secondary school Notre Dame des Anges in 2010
- **birth place**: Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
- **death place**: Kenwood, Chicago, Kenwood, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death cause**: Prostate cancer
- **education**: Wendell Phillips High School
DuSable High School
Roosevelt University
University of Chicago
- **occupation**: Social worker, educator, civil rights activist, historian
- **spouse**: Norisea J. Cummings (1947-58)

Ruby P. Battle (1959-1968)

Zenobia Johnson-Black (1982-present)
Spencer (movie)

***Spencer*** is a 2021 biographical psychological drama movie directed by Pablo Larraín and written by Steven Knight. The movie stars Kristen Stewart as Diana, Princess of Wales (née Spencer). It is about Diana's decision to end her marriage to Prince Charles and leave the British royal family. It also stars Timothy Spall, Sean Harris, and Sally Hawkins.

It was released in 2021.
Pablo Larraín

**Pablo Larraín Matte** (; born 19 August 1976) is a Chilean filmmaker. He has directed eight movies. His best known movies are the Academy Award-nominated movies _No_ (2012) and _Jackie_ (2016).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pablo Larraín
- **image**: Pablo Larraín (30116382680) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Larraín at the 2016 Mill Valley Film Festival
- **birth name**: Pablo Larraín Matte
- **birth place**: Santiago, Chile
- **nationality**: Chilean
- **alma mater**: University for the Arts, Sciences, and Communication
- **occupation**: Filmmaker
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **style**: Drama (film and television), Drama, Crime film, crime, historical drama, biographical film
- **children**: 2
- **parents**: Hernán Larraín
Magdalena Matte
Simu Liu

**Simu Liu** (; born 19 April 1989) is a Canadian actor and stuntman. He is best known for playing Shang-Chi in the 2021 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie _Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Simu Liu
- **native name**: 劉思慕
- **image**: Simu Liu by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Liu at the 2019 San Diego Comic-Con
- **alt**: Simu Liu speaking at the San Diego Comic-Con International in 2019
- **birth place**: Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- **citizenship**: Canadian
- **education**: University of Western Ontario (Ivey Business School#Honors Business Administration, HBA)
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **awards**: _#Awards and nominations, Full list_
Phoenix metropolitan area

The **Phoenix Metropolitan Area** – also the **Valley of the Sun**, the **Salt River Valley**, or **Phoenix Metro** (known by most locals simply as “the Valley”) – is the largest metropolitan area in the Southwestern United States, centered on the city of Phoenix, that includes much of the central part of Arizona. The United States Office of Management and Budget designates the area as the **Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler** Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), defining it as Maricopa and Pinal counties. As of the 2020 census, Metro Phoenix had 4,845,832 residents, making it the 11th largest metropolitan area in the nation by population.  The gross domestic product of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area was $362 billion in 2022, 14th largest amongst metro areas in the United States.
Au revoir les enfants

***Au revoir les enfants*** (, meaning "Goodbye, Children") is a 1987 French Italian German autobiographical drama movie directed by Louis Malle and starring Gaspard Manesse, Raphaël Fejtö, Philippe Morier-Genoud, Francine Racette, Irène Jacob, Peter Fitz. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1988.
Pretty Baby (1978 movie)

***Pretty Baby*** is a 1978 American erotic drama movie directed by Louis Malle and starring Susan Sarandon, Brooke Shields, Keith Carradine, Frances Faye, Antonio Fargas, Barbara Steele, Seret Scott. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Koichi Sugiyama

was a Japanese composer, conductor, and orchestrator. He is known for composing the music for the _Dragon Quest_ series.

Sugiyama was also a council member of the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers, and Publishers (JASRAC), board member of the Japan Institute for National Fundamentals, and honorary chairman of the Japanese Backgammon Society.

Sugiyama died on September 30, 2021 from sepsis in Tokyo at the age of 90.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Kohichi Sugiyama 2011-06-30.jpg
- **caption**: Sugiyama in 2011
- **name**: Koichi Sugiyama
- **native name**: すぎやま こういち
- **native name lang**: ja
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Empire of Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **years active**: 1968–2021
- **label**: SUGI Label
- **associated acts**: Hayato Matsuo