juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
People's Republic of Kampuchea

The **People's Republic of Kampuchea** (**PRK**) was a partially recognised state in Southeast Asia supported by Vietnam which existed from 1979 to 1989. It was founded in the country, Cambodia, by the Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation. The Kampuchean United Front for National Salvation is a group of Cambodian communists who were not satisfied with the Khmer Rouge due to its terrible rule of Cambodia and left it after the Cambodian–Vietnamese War of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government. Brought about by an invasion from Vietnam, which routed the Khmer Rouge armies, it had Vietnam and the Soviet Union as its main allies.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**:

- **conventional long name**: People's Republic of Kampuchea
- **life span**: 1979–1989
- **p1**: Democratic Kampuchea
- **flag p1**: Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg
- **s1**: #TransitionState of Cambodia
- **flag s1**: Flag of the State of Cambodia.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea.svg
- **flag**: Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea
- **flag type**: Flag
- **national anthem**:
"Anthem of the People's Republic of Kampuchea"

- **motto**:
"Independence, Peace, Liberty, Happiness"
- **image map**: Cambodia Cold War (orthographic projection).svg
- **image coat**: Emblem of the People's Republic of Kampuchea (1981-1989).svg
- **symbol**: Royal arms of Cambodia#History
- **symbol type**: Emblem
- **capital**: Phnom Penh
- **largest city**: capital
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary Marxist–Leninist state, Marxist–Leninist One-party state, one-party socialist state, socialist republic
- **title leader**: General Secretary of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party, General Secretary
- **leader1**: Pen Sovan
- **year leader1**: 1979–1981
- **leader2**: Heng Samrin
- **year leader2**: 1981–1989
- **title deputy**: List of prime ministers of Cambodia, Prime Minister
- **deputy1**: Pen Sovan
- **year deputy1**: 1981
- **deputy2**: Chan Sy
- **year deputy2**: 1982–1984
- **deputy3**: Hun Sen
- **year deputy3**: 1985–1989
- **title representative**: List of heads of state of Cambodia, Head of state
- **representative1**: Heng Samrin
- **year representative1**: 1979–1989
- **legislature**: National Assembly of Cambodia, National Assembly
- **era**: Cold War
- **date start**: 7 January
- **event start**: Cambodian–Vietnamese War, Victory in Phnom Penh and Establishment
- **year start**: 1979
- **event2**: Constitution
- **date event2**: 25 June 1981
- **event3**: K5 Plan
- **date event3**: 1985
- **event end**: Transition
- **date end**: 1 May
- **year end**: 1989
- **stat pop2**: 6,600,000
- **stat year2**: 1980
- **currency**: Cambodian riel, Kampuchean riel (from 1980)
Vietnamese đồng (until 1980)
- **utc offset**: +07:00
- **time zone**: Indochina Time, ICT
- **date format**: dd/mm/yyyy
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in Cambodia, +855
- **today**: Cambodia
- **religion**: State secularism
KIVI

KIVI-TV (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Nampa, Idaho, United States, serving the Boise area as an affiliate of ABC.

## Ownership

It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, which provides services to Caldwell-licensed Fox affiliate KNIN-TV (channel 9), which was directly co-owned with KIVI from 2009 to 2015) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Television.

## Locations

Both stations share studios on East Chisholm Drive in Nampa (along I-84/US 30/SH-55). KIVI-TV's transmitter is at the Bogus Basin ski area summit in the Boise County.
Betssy Chávez

**Betssy Betzabet Chávez Chino** (born 3 June 1989) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. In November 2022, she became the Prime Minister of Peru, replacing Aníbal Torres. She has been a member of the Peruvian Congress since July 2021.

She was the Minister of Culture from August 2022 to November 2022. She was also the Minister of Labor and Employment Promotion from October 2021 until May 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Premier_Chávez_1.1_(cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Chávez in 2022
- **office**: Prime Minister of Peru
- **president**: Pedro Castillo
- **term start**: 26 November 2022
- **term end**: 7 December 2022
- **predecessor**: Aníbal Torres
- **successor**: Pedro Angulo Arana
- **office1**: Ministry of Culture (Peru), Minister of Culture
- **president1**: Pedro Castillo
- **primeminister1**: Aníbal Torres
- **term start1**: 5 August 2022
- **term end1**: 25 November 2022
- **predecessor1**: Alejandro Salas
- **successor1**: Silvana Robles
- **office2**: Ministry of Labor and Promotion of Employment (Peru), Minister of Labor and Promotion of Employment
- **president2**: Pedro Castillo
- **primeminister2**: Mirtha Vásquez
Héctor Valer
Aníbal Torres
- **term start2**: 6 October 2021
- **term end2**: 29 May 2022
- **predecessor2**: Íber Maraví
- **successor2**: Juan Lira Loayza
- **office3**: Congress of the Republic of Peru, Member of Congress
- **constituency3**: Department of Tacna, Tacna
- **term start3**: 26 July 2021
- **birth place**: Ciudad Nueva District, Ciudad Nueva, Tacna Province, Tacna, Peru
- **alma mater**: Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University (Bachelor of Law, LLB)
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (2014–2020, 2022–present)
- **otherparty**: Free Peru (2020–2022)
Democratic Peru (2022–present)
Movie score

A **movie score** is original music written for a movie. It might also be called a **background score**, **background music**, **film soundtrack**, **film music**, **screen composition**, **screen music**, or **incidental music**.

## Related pages

- AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores
- Program music
- Sheet music
Beslan school siege

The **Beslan school siege**  (or the **Beslan massacre**) was a terrorist attack on 1 September 2004. It lasted three days. 1,100 people were hostages and 333 people were killed. It is considered to be the deadliest school shooting in history.

## Infobox (terrorist attack)

- **title**: Beslan school siege
- **image**: Beslan kollazh.jpg
- **caption**: From top left clockwise: the building of school No. 1 in 2008, the Orthodox cross in the gymnasium in memory of the victims, the "Tree of Sorrow" memorial cemetery, photos of the victims
- **location**: Beslan, North Ossetia-Alania (Russia)
- **target**: School Number One (SNO)
- **date**: 1 September 2004
- **time-begin**: ~09:30
- **time-end**: 3 September 2004 ~17:00
- **timezone**: UTC+3
- **type**: Mass murder, Hostage, hostage taking, terrorist attack, bombing, school shooting, shootout
- **weapons**: Firearms, explosives
- **fatalities**: 333 (excluding 31 terrorists)
- **injuries**: Approximately 783
- **perps**: Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs, Riyad-us Saliheen
- **numparts**: 32
- **motive**: Independence for Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Chechnya and the withdrawal of Russian troops.
72 Seasons

***72 Seasons*** is the eleventh studio album by Metallica, an American thrash metal band. It was released on April 14, 2023. The album was released by Blackened Recordings, the band's record label. A single from the album, "Lux Æterna", was released in November 2022.

## Release

On November 28, 2022, Metallica said what the name of the album was going to be. They also said when it was going to be released, and the names of the songs that were on it. On the same day, they released "Lux Æterna", a single from the album. The single had a music video. The band also said they were going on a concert tour for the album with other bands, such as Pantera, Five Finger Death Punch, Greta Van Fleet, Volbeat and Architects. The tour is named the M72 World Tour.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: 72 Seasons
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Metallica
- **released**: April 14, 2023
- **recorded**: 2021-2022
- **genre**: * Heavy metal
* thrash metal
* groove metal
- **length**: 77:10
- **label**: Blackened
- **prev title**: Hardwired... to Self-Destruct
- **prev year**: 2016
- **year**: 2023
P.S. I Love You (The Beatles song)

"**P.S. I Love You**" is a 1962 song by The Beatles and taken from their debut studio album _Please Please Me_. It is the B-side of their hit _Love Me Do_. It went to number 10 in the United States and number 14 in Italy.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: P.S. I Love You
- **caption**: US picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Beatles
- **a-side**: Love Me Do
- **released**: * (UK)
*27 April 1964 (US)
- **recorded**: 11 September 1962
- **studio**: Abbey Road Studios, EMI, London
- **genre**: *Merseybeat
*pop music, pop
- **length**: 2:04
- **label**: *Parlophone (UK)
*Tollie Records, Tollie (US)
- **writer**: Lennon–McCartney
- **producer**: George Martin
- **chronology**: The Beatles UK
- **title**: Love Me Do
- **title2**: P.S. I Love You
- **year**: 1962
- **next title**: Please Please Me (song), Please Please Me
- **next year**: 1963
Chaonians

The **Chaonians** () were an ancient Greek tribe that lived in the region of Epirus that is today part of northwestern Greece and southern Albania. It was part of the northwestern group of Greek tribes together with the Molossians and the Thesprotians.

## Name

The Greek names "Chaonia" (Χαονία) and "Chaones/Chaonians" (Χάονες) both come from "Chaon" (Χάων, *χαϝ-ών) meaning "place with gorges".

## History

The Chaonians are first mentioned by the Greek historian Thucydides in the 5th century BC.

The Greek historian Strabo says that the Chaonians and the Molossians were the most famous tribes of Epirus, because they once ruled all of Epirus.

The _Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax_ refers to the Chaonians as separate from the Illyrians.

The Greek historian Polybius says that the Illyrians raided the Chaonian city of Phoenice in 230 BC. Many Italian traders who were at the city when the raid happened were killed or enslaved resulting in the Roman Republic starting the Illyrian Wars the next year.

## Politics and culture

The Chaonians were settled _Kata Komas_ (), meaning in a group of villages, and established a tribal state in the 5th century BC.

The Greek historian Thucydides says that their leaders were chosen yearly and names two such leaders: Photius and Nikanor.

They were connected to other Greek tribes in Epirus () such as the Thesprotians and Molossians. The Chaonians joined the Epirote League, a federation of Greek tribes founded in 325/320 BC that ruled Epirus until the Romans conquered the region in 170 BC.

The Chaonians participated in the ancient Olympic games and festivals where only Greeks were allowed to attend.

## List of Chaonians

- Photius and Nicanor, leaders of the Chaonians in the Peloponnesian War (circa 431–421 BC).
- Doropsos , theorodokos in Epidauros (circa 365 BC).
- Antanor (son of Euthymides), proxenos in Delphi (325–275 BC).
- Peukestos, proxenos in Thyrrheion, Acarnania (3rd century BC) .
- Myrtilos, officer who gave proxeny decree to Boeotian Kallimelos (late 3rd century BC).
- Boiskos (son of Messaneos), prostates (late 3rd century BC) (the Greek word _prostates_ means "ruler").
- Lykidas (son of Hellinos), prostates (circa 232–168 BC).
- -tos (son of Lysias), winner in Pale (wrestling) Panathenaic Games (194/193 BC).
- Charops, father of Machatas, father of Charops the Younger - philoroman politicians (2nd century BC).
Madreterra

- _Not to be confused with Motherland (anthem)._

"**Motherland**" (; pronunciation: ) is the national anthem of Sicily. This song was made by a pop singer named Vincenzo Spampinato, after it was chosen in a competition. It became the region's national anthem in 2003.

It was played for the first time in front of a bunch of people at an old theatre on 14 June 2003, by the Sicilian Symphony Orchestra and the Musa 2000 Choir.

## Lyrics

|Words of the song in Sicilian|Words of the song in Italian|Meaning of these words in English|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>Si tu u surrisu ca mi fa turnari si a Muntagna ri cui sento u cori cu l'universu nun ti canciassi Matri Terra ri Uomini e Dei Tu si u mmiernu ca arriniesci a cauriari a stati antica ca fa nnamurari si a cumeta ca io ci issi appriessu Matri Terra ri Omini e Dei Sicilia terra mia triangulu ri luci a mmìenzu o munnu Sicilia terra mia nu suli onestu cuannu cala u suli! Sicilia si a ccussì… u pararisu è cà! A mmìenzu e ta urazza nasciu a Storia supra a ta vucca «Frati ri l'Italia»! e pa a difinniriti io murissi Matri Terra ri Omini e Dei Sicilia terra mia triangulu ri paci pò munnu Sicilia terra mia tu «rosa profumata» no tiempu Sicilia terra mia bannera liberata a mmìenzu o vientu Sicilia si a ccussì… u pararisu è cà!</poem>|<poem>Sei tu il sorriso che fa ritornare sei la Montagna di cui senti il cuore con l'universo non ti cambierei! Madreterra di Uomini e Dei Sei tu l'inverno che riesce a scaldare l'estate antica che fa innamorare sei la cometa che io seguirei Madreterra di Uomini e Dei Sicilia terra mia triangolo di luce in mezzo al mondo Sicilia terra mia un sole onesto che non ha tramonto! Sicilia sei così… il paradiso è qui! Tra le tue braccia è nata la Storia sulla tua bocca «Fratelli d'Italia»! e per difenderti io morirei Madreterra di Uomini e Dei Sicilia terra mia triangolo di pace per il mondo Sicilia terra mia tu «rosa aulentissima» nel tempo Sicilia terra mia bandiera liberata in mezzo al vento Sicilia sei così… il paradiso è qui!</poem>|<poem>You are the smile that makes you return you are the Mountain whose heart you feel with the universe I would not change you! Motherland of Men and Gods You are the winter that manages to warm up the ancient summer that makes you fall in love you are the comet that I would follow Motherland of Men and Gods Sicily my triangular land of light in the middle of the world Sicily my land an honest sun that has no sunset! Sicily you are like this… paradise is here! History was born in your arms on your lips "Brothers of Italy!" and to defend you I would die Motherland of Men and Gods Sicily my triangular land of peace for the world Sicily my land you "long-lasting scented rose" Sicily my land freed flag in the middle of the wind Sicily you are like this… paradise is here!</poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **english title**: Motherland
- **image**: Coat of arms of Sicily.svg
- **prefix**: Regional
- **country**: Sicily
- **published**: 2003
- **composer**: Vincenzo Spampinato
- **adopted**: 10 December 2001
- **sound**: Inno della Regione Siciliana «Madreterra».ogg
Fool to Cry

"**Fool to Cry**" is a 1976 song by The Rolling Stones. It is the leading single from their album _Black and Blue_. It went to number 6 in Ireland and the United States, number 8 in the Netherlands and Norway, number 10 in the United States, number 11 in Canada, number 16 in Belgium, number 38 in New Zealand and number 45 in Australia.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Fool to Cry
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Rolling Stones
- **album**: Black and Blue
- **b-side**: *"Crazy Mama" (UK)
*"Hot Stuff (Rolling Stones song), Hot Stuff" (US)
- **released**: March 26, 1976
- **studio**: Musicland, Munich, Germany
- **genre**: Soul music, Soul
- **length**: 5:04
- **label**: Rolling Stones Records, Rolling Stones
- **writer**: Jagger/Richards
- **producer**: The Glimmer Twins
- **prev title**: Ain't Too Proud to Beg
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Hot Stuff (Rolling Stones song), Hot Stuff
- **next year**: 1976
Everyday of My Life (Little River Band song)

"**Everyday of My Life**" is a 1976 song by Australian band Little River Band and is the only single from their second studio album _After Hours_. It went to number 29 in Australia.

## Track listings

- 7" (EMI 11116)
- Side A. "Everyday of My Life" - 3:40
- Side B. "Days On the Road" - 3:45

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Everyday of My Life
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Little River Band
- **album**: After Hours (Little River Band album), After Hours
- **b-side**: Days On the Road
- **released**: April 1976
- **length**: 3:45
- **label**: EMI Music
- **writer**: Beeb Birtles
- **producer**: Little River Band
- **prev title**: Emma (Little River Band song), Emma
- **prev year**: 1975
- **next title**: It's a Long Way There
- **next year**: 1976
Rhiannon (song)

"**Rhiannon**" is a 1976 song by British American band Fleetwood Mac and taken from their 10th studio album _Fleetwood Mac_. It went to number 4 in Canada, number 11 in the United States, number 13 in Australia, number 16 in the Netherlands and number 46 in the United Kingdom when it charted in 1978.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Rhiannon
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Fleetwood Mac
- **album**: Fleetwood Mac (1975 album), Fleetwood Mac
- **b-side**: Sugar Daddy
- **released**: February 1976 (US)
April 1976 (UK)
- **recorded**: February 1975
- **genre**: * Rock music, Rock
* soft rock
* blues rock
- **length**: 4:11 (Album version)
3:46 (Single version)
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **writer**: Stevie Nicks
- **producer**: * Fleetwood Mac
* Keith Olsen
- **prev title**: Over My Head (Fleetwood Mac song), Over My Head
- **prev year**: 1975
- **next title**: Say You Love Me (Fleetwood Mac song), Say You Love Me
- **next year**: 1976
SolarFlix

**SolarFlix** (formerly **ETC**) is a Philippine free-to-air television network owned by the Southern Broadcasting Network subsidiary of Solar Entertainment Corporation.

### Digital

|Branding|Callsign|Ch. #|Frequency|Power|class="unsortable"|Area of Coverage||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Solar Flix Manila|DWCP-DTV|rowspan="8"|21|rowspan="8"|515.143 MHz|3 kW|Metro Manila|
|Solar Flix Legazpi|DWSN-DTV|3 kW|Legazpi, Albay|||||
|Solar Flix Iloilo|DYCX-DTV|3 kW|Iloilo|||||
|Solar Flix Bacolod|DYLP-DTV|3 kW|Bacolod|||||
|Solar Flix Cebu|DYCP-DTV|3 kW|Cebu|||||
|Solar Flix Tacloban|DYSA-DTV|3 kW|Tacloban|||||
|Solar Flix Zamboanga|DXSA-DTV|3 kW|Zamboanga|||||
|Solar Flix Davao|DXSS-DTV|3 kW|Davao|||||

### Digital

|Branding|Callsign|Ch. #|Frequency|Power|class="unsortable"|Area of Coverage||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Solar Flix Laoag|rowspan="6"|rowspan="6"|21|rowspan="6"|515.143 MHz|3 kW|Laoag, Ilocos Norte|
|Solar Flix Tuguegarao|3 kW|Tuguegarao||||||
|Solar Flix Baguio|3 kW|Baguio||||||
|Solar Flix Naga|3 kW|Naga, Camarines Sur||||||
|Solar Flix Cagayan de Oro|3 kW|Cagayan de Oro||||||
|Solar Flix General Santos|3 kW|General Santos||||||

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: SolarFlix
- **type**: Free-to-air television network
- **launch date**: November 24, 2003 (test broadcast)
March 1, 2004 (launch)
- **picture format**: 4:3 480i (Standard-definition television, SDTV)
- **owner**: Solar Entertainment Corporation
- **country**: Philippines
- **area**: Nationwide
- **headquarters**: Third Floor Worldwide Corporate Center, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Philippines
Solar Century Tower, 100 Tordesillas St., Corner H.V. Dela Costa St. Salcedo Village, Makati, Philippines
- **former names**: Southern Broadcasting Network, SBN (May 30, 1992 – December 1, 2013)

ETC (December 1, 2013 – July 11, 2022)
- **terr serv 1**: Southern Broadcasting Network, SBN O&O stations
- **terr chan 1**: Digital: DWCP-DTV, Channel 21 (Metro Manila) (LCN: 21.02)
Sunny Afternoon

"**Sunny Afternoon**" is a 1966 song by British band The Kinks and was included on their fourth studio album _Face to Face_ as well as being the title track to their compilation album _Sunny Afternoon_. It went to number 1 in Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom, number 2 in Sweden and New Zealand, number 3 in Denmark, number 5 in Austria, number 7 in Germany, number 10 in Spain, number 11 in France, number 12 in Italy, number 13 in Australia, number 14 in Belgium and the United States and number 15 in South Africa.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Sunny Afternoon
- **caption**: West German picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Kinks
- **album**: Face to Face (The Kinks album), Face to Face
- **b-side**: I'm Not Like Everybody Else
- **recorded**: 13 May 1966
- **studio**: Pye Studios, Pye, London
- **label**: *Pye Records, Pye (UK)
*Reprise Records, Reprise (US)
- **writer**: Ray Davies
- **producer**: Shel Talmy
- **chronology**: The Kinks UK & US
- **prev title**: Dedicated Follower of Fashion
- **prev year**: 1966
- **next title**: Dead End Street (song), Dead End Street
- **next year**: 1966
Banaskantha District

**Banaskantha district** is one of the thirty-three districts of the Gujarat state of India. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Palanpur, which is also its largest city. The district is located in the Northeast of Gujarat and is presumably named after the West Banas River which runs through the valley between Mount Abu and Aravalli Range, flowing to the plains of Gujarat in this region and towards the Rann of Kutch. The district is famous for the Ambaji temple which draws many tourists. It covers an area of 12703  km<sup>2</sup> and is the second largest district in the state. It is one of the thirty-three districts of Gujarat.

Banaskantha shares its borders with Rajasthan state in the North, Sabarkantha district in East, Kutch district in West and Patan district and Mehsana district in the South.
4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)

"**4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)**" is a 1973 song by Bruce Springsteen and appeared on his second studio album _The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle_. It was covered by British band The Hollies for their 15th studio album _Another Night_. It went to number 12 in New Zealand and number 85 in the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: 4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Bruce Springsteen
- **album**: The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle
- **b-side**: The E Street Shuffle
- **released**: 1974 (Germany only)
- **recorded**: 1973
- **studio**: 914 Sound Studios in Blauvelt, New York
- **genre**: Folk rock
- **length**: 5:36
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Bruce Springsteen
- **producer**: Mike Appel, Jim Cretecos
- **prev title**: Spirit in the Night
- **prev year**: 1973
- **next title**: Born to Run (song), Born to Run
- **next year**: 1975


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Sandy (4th of July, Asbury Park)
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Hollies
- **album**: Another Night (The Hollies album), Another Night
- **b-side**: Second Hand Hang-Ups
- **released**: May 1975
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **label**: Polydor
- **writer**: Bruce Springsteen
- **producer**: Ron Richards (producer), Ron Richards
- **prev title**: I'm Down
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Boulder to Birmingham
- **next year**: 1976
Nightmare Ned

***Nightmare Ned*** is an American animated television series. It ran from April 19 to July 5, 1997, on ABC. The show was produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Creative Capers Entertainment. It was created by Terry Shakespeare, G. Sue Shakespeare, and David Molina of Creative Capers Entertainment. It was developed by Walt Dohrn. The casting for the show by Donna Grillo.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy horror
- **runtime**: 22 minutes approx.
- **developer**: Walt Dohrn
- **producer**: Donovan Cook
- **theme music composer**: Steve Bartek
- **composer**: Steve Bartek
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **num episodes**: 12 (25 segments)
Cornflake Girl

"**Cornflake Girl**" is a 1994 song by Tori Amos. It is the leading single from her second studio album _Under the Pink_. It went to number 2 in Iceland, number 4 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Ireland, number 19 in Australia, number 26 in the Netherlands, number 30 in Canada, number 38 in Belgium and number 41 in New Zealand.

## Track listings

- **US CD single**
1. "Cornflake Girl" (edit) – 3:53
1. "Sister Janet" – 4:01
1. "Daisy Dead Petals" – 3:02
1. "Honey" – 3:47

- **US cassette single**
1. "Cornflake Girl" (edit) – 3:53
1. "Honey" – 3:47

- **Canadian and Australian CD single, UK CD1**
1. "Cornflake Girl" – 5:05
1. "Sister Janet" – 4:02
1. _Piano Suite_
    1. "All the Girls Hate Her" – 2:23
    1. "Over It" – 2:11

- **UK CD2**
1. "Cornflake Girl" – 5:05
1. "A Case of You" – 4:38
1. "If 6 Was 9" – 3:59
1. "Strange Fruit" – 4:00

- **UK 7-inch and cassette single**
1. "Cornflake Girl" – 5:05
1. "Sister Janet" – 4:01

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Cornflake Girl
- **caption**: Standard US artwork _(CD edition pictured)_
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Tori Amos
- **album**: Under the Pink
- **b-side**: * "Sister Janet"
* "Daisy Dead Petals"
* "Honey"
* "A Case of You (song), A Case of You"
* "If 6 Was 9"
* "Strange Fruit"
* "All the Girls Hate Her/Over It (Piano Suite)"
- **studio**: The Fishhouse (New Mexico, US)
- **length**: * 5:06 (album version)
* 3:54 (edit)
- **label**: * Atlantic Records, Atlantic
* East West Records, EastWest
- **writer**: Tori Amos
- **producer**: * Tori Amos
* Eric Rosse
- **prev title**: Crucify (song), Crucify
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: God (Tori Amos song), God
- **next year**: 1994
Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution

"**Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution**" is a 1980 song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC and taken from their seventh studio album _Back in Black_. It went to number 7 in Australia and number 15 in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

## Track listing

1. "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" – 4:12
1. "Hells Bells" – 5:10

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: AC/DC
- **album**: Back in Black
- **b-side**: Hells Bells (song), Hells Bells
- **released**: November 1980 (UK)
- **recorded**: April – May 1980
- **studio**: Compass Point Studios, Compass Point (Nassau, Bahamas, Nassau)
- **length**: 4:12
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: Robert John "Mutt" Lange
- **prev title**: Hells Bells (song), Hells Bells
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: Back in Black (song), Back in Black
- **next year**: 1980
Dragan Samardžić

**Dragan Samardžić** (5 October 1946 – 28 November 2022) was a Yugoslavian association football player who played as a goalkeeper.

Until 1976 Samardžić was goalkeeper at Rad Belgrad. In 1976 he was signed by the Dutch club Willem II. He played for the club between 1976 and 1980. He played 140 matches in four years, including 49 matches in which the opponents didn't score. He played 94 matches in the Eerste Divisie and 46 matches in the Eredivisie.

After his career he worked as an advisor to the mayor of Novi Sad in 2014. Until 2022, Samardzic was chairman of football club SD Vojvodina.

Samardžić died on 28 November 2022, at the age of 76.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dragan  Samardžić
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **years1**: –1976
- **clubs1**: Rad Belgrad
- **years2**: 1976–1980
- **clubs2**: Willem II (football club), Willem II
- **caps2**: 140
Black Coffee (All Saints song)

"**Black Coffee**" is a 2000 song by band All Saints and taken from their second studio album _Saints & Sinners_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in Ireland, number 7 in Italy and New Zealand, number 8 in Sweden, number 9 in the Netherlands, number 11 in Finland, number 14 in Norway and number 20 in Australia.

## Formats and track listings

- **CD1 single / cassette single**
1. "Black Coffee" – 4:49
1. "I Don't Wanna Be Alone" – 4:20
1. "Black Coffee" (ATFC's Freshly Ground Vocal) – 7:46
- **CD2 single**
1. "Black Coffee" – 4:49
1. "Black Coffee" (The Neptunes Remix) – 4:43
1. "Black Coffee" (The Wideboys Espresso Mix) – 5:19
- **CD maxi-single**
1. "Black Coffee" – 4:49
1. "I Don't Wanna Be Alone" – 4:20
1. "Black Coffee" (The Wideboys Espresso Mix) – 5:19
1. "Black Coffee" (ATFC's Freshly Ground Vocal) – 7:46

- **7" single**
1. "Black Coffee" – 4:49
1. "I Don't Wanna Be Alone" – 4:20
- **12" single (The Remixes)**
1. "Black Coffee" (ATFC's Freshly Ground Vocal) – 7:46
1. "Black Coffee" (The Neptunes Remix) – 4:43
1. "Black Coffee" (The Wideboys Espresso Mix) – 5:19
1. "Black Coffee" (Shadow Snipers Vocal Mix) – 6:21

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Black Coffee
- **alt**: A filtered split portrait of All Saints dressed casually while seated on one couch, and jeans and trousers hanging over another couch. Towards the top stands "All Saints" in glittering silver font and the title "Black Coffee" is smaller white font.
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: All Saints (group), All Saints
- **album**: Saints & Sinners (All Saints album), Saints & Sinners
- **b-side**: I Don't Wanna Be Alone
- **studio**: * Guerilla Beach and Larrabee West, Los Angeles
* Sarm West Studios, Sarm West and Olympic Studios, Olympic, London
- **genre**: Electropop
- **label**: London Records, London
- **producer**: William Orbit
- **prev title**: Pure Shores
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: All Hooked Up
- **next year**: 2001
Queen of the Broken Hearts

"**Queen of the Broken Hearts**" is a 1983 song by Canadian rock band Loverboy. It was taken from their third studio album _Keep It Up_. It went to number 34 in the United States and was not included in the compilation albums.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Queen of the Broken Hearts
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Loverboy
- **album**: Keep It Up
- **b-side**: Chance of a Lifetime
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Paul Dean (guitarist), Paul Dean, Mike Reno
- **producer**: Bruce Fairbairn
- **prev title**: Hot Girls in Love
- **prev year**: 1983
- **next title**: Lovin' Every Minute of It (song), Lovin' Every Minute of It
- **next year**: 1985
Jos Huypens

**Jos Maria Alfons Huypens** (7 March 1948 – 29 November 2022) was a Belgian journalist, contributing editor and docent. He was editor-in-chief of _Gazet van Antwerpen_ newspaper between 1991 and 1996.

## Biography

Huypens studied communication sciences at the KU Leuven. He became a doctor in social sciences in 1971, with specializing in communication sciences.

He started his career at _Gazet van Antwerpen_ in Leuven, where he became office superior in 1978. He moved to Antwerp, where he headed the Antwerp editorial office of Gazet van Antwerpen and became in 1985 deputy editor-in-chief. In December 1991 he became editor-in-chief of this newspaper, succeeding Lou De Clerck. In 1996 he was succeeded by Luc Van Loon.

Until 2013 he was senior lecturer  (in Dutch: ) in communication sciences at the University of Antwerp and UAMS.

Huypens died at home in Leuven on 29 November 2022, at the age of 74.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jos Huypens
- **birth name**: Jos Maria Alfons Huypens
- **birth place**: Geel, Belgium
- **death place**: Leuven, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **occupation**: journalist
So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)

"**So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)**" is a 1984 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and is the lead single from their second studio album _Reckoning_. It went to number 85 in the United States.

## Track listings

All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe unless otherwise indicated.

**7" Single**
1. "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)" – 3:16
1. "Walter's Theme" / "King of the Road" (Roger Miller) – 4:44

**12" single**
1. "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)" – 3:16
1. "Voice of Harold" – 4:25
1. "Pale Blue Eyes" (Lou Reed) – 2:54

**Album**
1. "so. Central Rain" – 3:11_{sic}_

Notes:
- "Walter's Theme", "King of the Road", "Voice of Harold" and "Pale Blue Eyes" can all be found on _Dead Letter Office_.
- "Walter's Theme" is not listed on the cover.
- The album title-listing contains an initial lower-case 's', following a pattern in the album's listings where random capital letters are made lower-case and random lower-case letters are capitalized. The front cover art lists it as 'So CENTRAL RAiN', with '7 chineSe bros.' on the back track listings differing from the cover art as well.
- The album's inner sleeve lists the full title as "Southern Central Rain (I'm Sorry)".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)
- **type**: single
- **artist**: R.E.M. (band), R.E.M.
- **album**: Reckoning (R.E.M. album), Reckoning
- **b-side**: "Walter's Theme; "King of the Road"; "Voice of Harold"; "Pale Blue Eyes"
- **released**: May 15, 1984
- **recorded**: 1983
- **length**: 3:11
- **label**: I.R.S. Records, I.R.S.
- **prev title**: Talk About the Passion
- **prev year**: 1983
- **next title**: (Don't Go Back To) Rockville
- **next year**: 1984
Mabel Segun

**Mabel Segun**, NNOM (13 February 1930 – 6 March 2025) was a Nigerian poet, playwright and writer of short stories and children's books who was also a teacher, broadcaster, and a sportswoman.
Born in Ondo City, Nigeria, she had her secondary-school education at CMS Girls' School Lagos.  She attended the University of Ibadan, graduating in 1953 with a BA degree in English, Latin and History. She taught these subjects in Nigerian schools, and later became Head of the Department of English and Social Studies and Vice-Principal at the National Technical Teachers' College, Yaba (now Yaba College of Technology).

Her first book, _My Father's Daughter_, published in 1965, had been widely used as a literature text in schools all over the world, and her books have been translated into German, Danish, Norwegian and Greek. Her work is included in the anthology _Daughters of Africa_ (1992).

Segun championed children's literature in Nigeria through the Children's Literature Association of Nigeria, which she founded in 1978, and the Children's Documentation and Research Centre, which she set up in 1990 in Ibadan. She was also a fellow of the International Youth Library in Munich, Germany. She was a founding member of the Association of Nigerian Authors, established by Chinua Achebe in 1981.

Segun died on 6 March 2025, at the age of 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mabel Segun
- **image**: Mabel Segun, 1983 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Segun  in Strasbourg, 1983
- **honorific suffix**: Nigerian National Order of Merit Award, NNOM
- **birth place**: Ondo City, Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
- **nationality**: Nigerian
- **education**: University of Ibadan
- **notable works**: _My Father's Daughter_ (1965)
- **awards**: Nigeria Prize for Literature
Emiel Meeus

**Emiel "Mil" Meeus** (27 May 1929 – 26 November 2022) was a Belgian politician.

He was a member of the Christian Social Party that later became Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V). Meeus was a politician for over 50 years. Meeus was for the first time elected in 1964 for the local council. He was Schepen for six years. In 1983 he succeeded Frans Lievesoens as the mayor of Tessenderlo. He was the mayor of Tessenderlo for thirteen years until 1995 when he was succeeded by . In 2009 he received the title of honorary mayor from the Flemish Minister of the Interior Marino Keulen. When Meeus was 89 years old in 2018 he no longer ran for city council.

Meeus was married to Annie. He died in Tessenderlo on 26 November 2022, at the age of 93.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emiel Meeus
- **image**: Emiel Meeus.jpg
- **birth place**: Tessenderlo, Belgium
- **death place**: Tessenderlo, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **occupation**: politician
Adiele Afigbo

**Adiele Eberechuwku Afigbo** (22 November 1937 – 9 March 2009) was a Nigerian historian. He wrote about the history and historiography of Africa. Most of what he wrote was about Igbo people and Nigeria. He died in Enugu, Nigeria, on 9 March 2009.
Blanche Michel

**Blanche Michel** (1888 — World War I) was a French swimmer and swimming director from Paris. She was specialized in the freestyle. She was a member of Ondine de Paris and of Étoile Parisienne from 1911. She died serving the army in World War I.

### Swimming achievements

On 15 August 1906 she competed at the first French women's swimming competition "le prix Femina" and finished fourth. In 1907 she wins the 100 metre event in Chelles and finished second in Joinville-le-Pont and also second in the 60 metre event in Choisy-le-Roi.

In 1908 she won at the swimming competitions in Joinville-le-Pont the only French victory, winning the 100 metre event in the Marne in 1:34.4. That year she also became champion of Paris and won races in Choisy-le-Roi (60 metre) and in Lyon (100 yards). In open water long distance competitions she wins in the women's category at the  in Lyon in 1908 and also at the  in Paris in 1908 and 1909. She became French national champion in the 100 metre freestyle at the inaugural championship in 1909 and the year later in 1910. She won the bronze medal in 1913. She won the third prize in the national championships in the 200 metre in August 1912. The same month she suffered from an inflammation. Her last swimming acievement was on 15 July 1913, winning the women's race at the eight edition of the Grand Prix Paris.

### Swimming director

After becoming a member of Étoile Parisienne in 1911 she became general secretary. She became president in 1914.

## Personal life

Born in 1888, Michel was the daughter of swimmer and conductor Louise Michel. She married to M. Vincent in 1914. She died during a special mission in World War I.

## Other websites

- Image of Michel (1911)
- Image of Michel (1911)

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Blanche Michel
- **nationality**: France, French
- **strokes**: freestyle
- **club**: Ondine de Paris
Étoile Parisienne
- **death date**: World War I
- **show-medals**: yes
Irène Dubettier

**Irène Dubettier** also written as **Irène Dubetier** (8 September 1921 - 10 September 2015) was a French swimmer. She was specialized in the freestyle. She was a member of Cercle des nageurs de Villefranche-sur-Saône. She died serving the army in World War I.

### Swimming career

In 1934 she competed at the France-Hungary international meeting. In 1935, she won a 1500 metre race in Lac du Bourget. She became in 1936 and 1937 junior French champion in the 100 metre freestyle. In 1936 she also became national champion in the 200 metre breaststroke in a time of 3:27.2. She was named in the media as a "wonder child", because her time was close to the record of 3:25.4 at the time. She wins the silver medal in at the 1937 national championships in the 100 metre freestyle and 400 metre freestyle.

In 1938 she competed at the France-Germany international meeting. In July she became national champion in the 100 metre freestyle and won the bronze medal in the 400 metre freestyle. The next year in 1939 she won the silver medal in the 100 metre freestyle at the national championships.

### Personal life

Dubetier was born in Lyon in 1921. Her father was Louis Dubetier, a conductor at the Compagnie des omnibuses et tramways de Lyon. Her mother was furrier Hélène Marie Joséphine Beltramo. The family lived in Trévoux. She married in 1942 in Villefranche-sur-Saône. Dubetier died in 2015 in Le Muy, two days after her 94th birthday.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Irène Dubettier
- **nationality**: French
- **strokes**: freestyle
- **club**: Cercle des nageurs de Villefranche-sur-Saône
- **birth place**: Lyon, France
- **death place**: Le Muy, France
- **show-medals**: yes
Latin Empire

The **Latin Empire** was a feudal crusader state. It was created during the Fourth Crusade on the land captured from the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the crusaders were told to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem. Instead of doing that, the crusaders looted and captured Constantinople.

### Fourth crusade

In 1202, Pope Innocent III called for the crusaders to retake the Holy Land from the Abbasid. Due to financial problems, the crusaders were not able to reach their original goals. Crusaders and the Venetians attacked and looted the Catholic city of Zara, Croatia. Soon after this, they were excommunicated by the pope.

Crusaders and the Venetians later decided to go to Constantinople. In 1203, the Crusaders besieged Constantinople. A year later they looted and captured the city.

### Latin Empire

In 1204, Baldwin IX of Flanders was crowned the Latin Emperor of Constantinople in Hagia Sophia. Baldwin did not reign for long. He was captured in the Battle of Adrianople while fighting the Bulgarians.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: _Imperium Constantinopolitanum_
_Imperium Romaniae_
_Imperium Romanorum_
- **conventional long name**: Latin Empire
- **common name**: Latin Empire
- **era**: High Middle Ages
- **government type**: Feudal Christian Monarchy
- **year start**: 1204
- **event start**: Sack of Constantinople
- **year end**: 1261
- **date event1**: 1235
- **event1**: Joint Nicean-Bulgarian campaign against Empire
- **p1**: Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynastyByzantine Empire
- **border p1**: no
- **s1**: Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynastyByzantine Empire
- **flag s1**: Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century.svg
- **border s1**: no
- **s2**: Principality of Achaea
- **flag s2**: Blason famille de Villehardouin.svg
- **border s2**: no
- **s3**: Duchy of Athens
- **flag s3**: Blason fam fr de La Roche (Ducs d'Athènes).svg
- **border s3**: no
- **s4**: Duchy of the Archipelago
- **flag s4**: Sanudo family coa.svg
- **border s4**: no
- **image coat**: Blason maison fr de Courtenay-Constantinople.svg
- **symbol type**: Attributed arms
- **image map**: LatinEmpire2.png
- **image map caption**: The Latin Empire with its vassals (in purple) in 1204
- **capital**: Constantinople
- **common languages**: Latin, Old French (official)
Medieval Greek, Greek (popular)
- **religion**: Latin Catholic (official)
Greek Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox (popular)
- **leader1**: Baldwin I, Latin Emperor, Baldwin I
- **leader2**: Henry of Flanders, Henry
- **leader3**: Peter II of Courtenay, Peter
- **leader4**: Robert I, Latin Emperor, Robert I
- **leader5**: John of Brienne, John
- **leader6**: Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, Baldwin II
- **year leader1**: 1204–1205
- **year leader2**: 1206–1216
- **year leader3**: 1216–1217
- **year leader4**: 1219–1228
- **year leader5**: 1229–1237
- **year leader6**: 1228–1261
- **title leader**: Latin Emperor, Emperor
- **stat year1**: 1204 est.
- **stat area1**: 179000
- **stat year2**: 1209 est.
- **stat area2**: 206000
- **stat year3**: 1228 est.
- **stat area3**: 47000
- **stat year4**: 1260 est.
- **stat area4**: 14000
- **today**: Turkey
Greece
Bulgaria
Oye Gureje

**Oye Gureje**, NNOM (born in 1952) is a Nigerian psychiatrist at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He is also the Director of World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences, Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the institution. Gureje is a Professor Extraordinary at the Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. He is best known for his work on epidemiology, nosology and global mental health.  Gureje is of the leading voices on mental health service and policy development in Africa. He has published more than 500 peer-reviewed scientific papers, monographs, book chapters and other reports. Since 2004, he has been listed in the "top 1% cited researchers in the area of psychiatry and psychology". According to Clarivate Analytics, he is one of the "most influential scientific minds"

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Oye Gureje
- **birth date**: 1952
- **nationality**: Nigeria, Nigerian
- **occupation**: psychiatrist
- **organization**: University of Ibadan
Renée Mazière

**Renée Colette Mazière** (17 June 1917 - 26 December 1998) was a French swimmer in te 1930s. She was specialized in the freestyle. She was a member of Cercle Amical des Nageuses, Libellule de Lyon, Club des Nageurs de Paris and in 1937 of Cercle des Nageurs de Lyon.

### Swimming

Mazière started with swimming in 1920. In August 1930 she won with her team the bronze medal in the 4 x 400 metre medley relay with a time of 7:47.6. In 1931 and 1932 she competed at the school championships. At the 1935 national championships she won the silver medal in the 100 metre freestyle with a time of 1:16.8. The next year in 1936 she won the bronze medal in a time of 1:13.2. In 1938 she became national champion in the 100 metre freestyle in a time of 1:14.2.

### Personal life

Dubetier was born in Angoulême in 1917. She was the daughter of a craftsmen and the founder and president of swimming club Libellule de Lyon.  She lived in Lyon. In addition to swimming she worked as a seamstress. In 1937 she moved to Paris. There she worked as a cashier at the Gare swimming pool. In 1938 she moved back to Lyon. She married in 1938 to M. Chardon. Later she married again to M. Verger. She died on 26 December 1998 at the age of 81.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Renée Mazière
- **fullname**: Renée Colette Mazière
- **nationality**: French
- **strokes**: freestyle
- **club**: Cercle Amical des Nageuses
Libellule de Lyon
Club des Nageurs de Paris
Cercle des Nageurs de Lyon
- **birth place**: Angoulême, France
- **death place**: 18th arrondissement of Paris, France
- **show-medals**: yes
Bruce Onobrakpeya

**Bruce Onobrakpeya** was born on 30 August 1932. He is a Nigerian printmaker, painter and he makes statues. His works were shown at the Tale Modern in London, the National Museum of African art of the Smithsonian institution in Washington, D.C and the Malmö konsthall in Malmö, Sweden.
Aplastodiscus ibirapitanga

***Aplastodiscus ibirapitanga*** is a frog. It lives in Brazil in Minas Gerais and Bahia.
Emma Clist

**Emma Brockwell Clist** sometimes written as **Emmie Clist** (13 March 1888 - Dececmber 1973) was a British swimmer in the early 20th century from London. She was one of the earliest British female international swimmers. Clist was a member of the Battersea Swimming Club and was trained by Barrows.

## Swimming

In or before 1902 Clist won the London Schools Championships. In 1902 she finished third at the "Georges White Shield". She became champion of the Waurdswoord Swimmng Club and won the Battersea School Campionship. In 1906 she wins the "Daily Telegraph Cup"; the London Schools Championships. In 1906 she had won 39 prizes and 16 medals. In 1907 she competed in France at the international swimming competitions in Paris on 25 August. She finished second in the 200 metre international swimming event and also participated in the 60 metre event. In 1907 she competed again at the international competition in Paris and finished second in the international 100 metre event and 120 metre event with handicap.

## Personal life

Clist was born on 13 March 1888 in London in Battersea. Her parents were Emma Brockwell and Alfred Clist. Her sister Eleanor Clist was also an international swimmer. She died in December 1973 in Sutton.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Emma Clist
- **fullname**: Emma Brockwell Clist
- **nationality**: British
- **club**: Battersea Swimming Club
- **coach**: professor Barrows
- **birth place**: London, United Kingdom
- **death place**: Sutton, United Kingdom
- **show-medals**: yes
John Ratcliffe (governor)

**John Ratcliffe** was an explorer and colonist from England. In 1607, Ratcliffe became governor of Jamestown in Virginia. In 1609, Ratcliffe was executed by a group of Pamunkey who killed him by flaying him.

## Name

When Ratcliffe was born in 1549, he was named John Sicklemore. By 1605, he changed his name to Ratcliffe.

## Virginia

Ratcliffe sailed to Virginia as captain of a ship called The Discovery in 1607.  At the time, Governor Edward Maria Wingfield was stealing food from his people for himself so Ratcliffe worked with Captain John Smith to get Wingfield to lose his position so Ratcliffe could become the new governor.

## Governorship

Ratcliffe sent Captain Smith to trade with the Native Americans and the colonists were angry since they thought that Ratcliffe was giving too much away. Ratcliffe also had them build a palace for the Governor when a lot of people in Virginia were sick and dying so they made Ratcliffe resign.

## Death

In 1609, Ratcliffe was Captain of a group of Englishmen who wanted to trade with the Powhatan giving them copper to get corn. Ratcliffe came with 25 men to the meeting he had arranged with the Powhatan but found it was a trap. They killed 23 of Ratcliffe's men and also tortured Ratcliffe to death but the other two got away and told everyone what had happened. Powhatan women tied mussel shells to Ratcliffe so that they could tear his skin from his body set it on fire and then killed him by burning what was left of his body.

## Popular Culture

Ratcliffe is the villain of the Disney movie Pocahontas (1995 film) where he wants all the gold in Virginia and wants to kill all Powhatan because he's greedy and racist and he's also in the sequel where he tries to get King James VI and I to let him murder all Powhatan for revenge.
Pamunkey

The **Pamunkey** are a Native American tribe indigenous to Virginia.