juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shantou

**Shantou** (), alternately romanized as **Swatow**, is a prefecture-level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong province, China. In 2020, 5,502,031 people lived there. Its area is 2,248 km. Shantou was one of the original special economic zones of China created in the 1980s, but unlike other cities such as Shenzhen, Xiamen and Zhuhai. It is home to the Shantou University. Shantou is the economic and cultural center of Guangdong Province.

## History

Shantou was a fishing village part of Tuojiang Du (), Jieyang County during the Song dynasty. The village was called Xialing (), during the Yuan dynasty. In 1563, Shantou became a part of Chenghai County in Chao Prefecture (Chaozhou). In 1574, it was renamed Shashanping (). In the 17th century, a cannon platform called Shashantou Cannon () was made here. Later, the place name was shortened to "Shantou".

Shantou became a city in 1919 and was separated from Chenghai District in 1921.

## Administrative divisions

Shantou is divided into 6 districts, 1 county-level cities and 1 county.
- Shantou City (汕头市)
- Longhu District (龙湖区)
- Jinping District (金平区)
- Haojiang District (濠江区)
- Chaoyang District (潮阳区)
- Chaonan District (潮南区)
- Chenghai District (澄海区)
- Nan'ao County (南澳县)

## Other websites

- Official government website
- Official government website
- Shantou Daily
Querétaro Municipality

**Querétaro** is a municipality in the state of Querétaro in Mexico.

The population of the municipality is 1,049,777 people. The seat of the municipality is Querétaro City or **Santiago de Querétaro**.

The municipality was formed in 1917.

### Presidentes municipales

|Mayor|Period|Party|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Braulio Guerra Malo|1988 - 1991||
|Alfonso Ballesteros Negrete|1991 - 1994||
|Jesús Rodríguez Hernández|1994 - 1997||
|Norandino Rubio Espinoza (interino)|1997||
|Francisco Garrido Patrón|1997 - 2000||
|Rolando García Ortiz|2000 - 2003||
|Armando Rivera Castillejos|2003 - 2006||
|Manuel González Valle|2006 - 2009||
|Francisco Domínguez Servién|2009 - 2011||
|María del Carmen Zúñiga Hernández|2011 - 2012||
|Roberto Loyola Vera|2012 - 2015||
|Marcos Aguilar Vega|2015 - 2018||
|Luis Bernardo Nava Guerrero|2018 - 2021 2021 - 2024||
|Felipe Fernando Macías Olvera|2024 - 2027||

## Demography

|**Settlements**|**Population**|
| --- | --- |
|**Total Municipality**|**1,049,777**.|
|**Santiago de Querétaro**|794,789|
|Juriquilla|39,244|
|Santa Rosa Jaurégui|6,294|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Querétaro
- **official name**: Querétaro
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Mexico State, Municipality
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: States of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Querétaro
- **image shield**: Escudo de Querétaro.svg
- **image map**: Queretaro en Queretaro.svg
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 1,049,777
- **population blank1 title**: Seat
- **population blank1**: 794,789
- **leader title**: Municipal president
- **leader name**: Felipe Fernando Macías Olvera
- **subdivision type2**: Municipal seat
- **subdivision name2**: Querétaro City
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
Cable (character)

**Cable** (real name **Nathan Christopher Charles Summers**) is a fictional character and superhero that appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, appearing as the main protagonist of the titular comics and a major character in the _X-Force_ and _Deadpool_ comics. He was created by Chris Claremont, Rick Leonardi, Louise Simonson, and Rob Liefeld, and first appeared as Nathan Summers in _Uncanny X-Men_ #201 in January of 1986, and first appeared as Cable in _New Mutants_ #86 in February of 1990.

## Publication history

The character was created by Chris Claremont, Rick Leonardi, Louise Simonson, and Rob Liefeld, and first appeared as Nathan Summers in _Uncanny X-Men_ #201 in January of 1986, and first appeared as Cable in _New Mutants_ #86 in February of 1990.

## Fictional character biography

The son of the X-Men's field leader Cyclops and Jean Grey's clone Madelyne Pryor, Cable was conceived on the secret plot of Mister Sinister. He was later infected with a techno-organic virus, and was taken to an alternate future to be treated. In the future, the child would become Cable and the sworn enemy of the powerful mutant Apocalypse. Returning to the present, Cable has become a frequent ally to the X-Men, Deadpool, Domino, Rachel Summers and Hope Summers.

## Powers and abilities

Cable has incredible telepathic and telekinetic abilities. He can telepathically read most minds, manipulate others' thoughts and bodies, shield his own mind against probing, levitate telekinetically, and disassemble or move other objects or beings.

## In other media

Cable was introduced to a wider audience as a recurring character in _X-Men: The Animated Series_ (1992–1997) and its sequel series, voiced by Lawrence Bayne and by Chris Potter respectively. The character made his live-action cinematic debut in _Deadpool 2_ (2018), portrayed by Josh Brolin.
Inés Suárez

**Inés Suárez** was a Spanish conquistadora who went to the New World in search of her husband Juan de Malaga who had left for the New World with the Pizarro brothers. She encountered Pedro de Valdivia, another Spanish conquistador who recruited her along his expedition of 121 men into Chile. She served as a maid during this expedition, however she fought alongside the men when it was needed. Suárez helped to win the battle of Santiago in which she helped to capture and decapitate the seven caciques who led the battle for the Mapuche warriors. She is seen as a hero to the Spanish and is known for her tactics and bravery in battle.
Ursula Hess

**Ursula Hess** (born 7 August 1946) is a retired Swiss archer. Hess competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Patrick Jopp

**Patrick Jopp** (born 8 January 1962) is a Swiss archer. Jopp  competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Patrick Jopp
- **nationality**: Swiss
- **sport**: Archery
Axel Müller

**Axel Müller** (born 3 January 1992) is a Swiss archer. Müller competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Battle of the Indus River

During the Hun invasion, the **Battle of the Indus River (458)** along the Indus river took place which resulted in Skandagupta checking the advances of the Hunas, along with heavy losses for the Hunas.

The Bhitari pillar inscription states that Skandagupta defeated the Hunas:

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Indus River
- **partof**: Gupta–Hunnic Wars & Hun Invasion of India
- **date**: 458
- **place**: Indus River (Modern day India, Pakistan)
- **result**: Gupta Empire, Gupta victory
- **territory**: Hephthalites, Hunnic Invasion of India was halted
- **combatant2**: Hephthalites
- **combatant1**:  Gupta Empire
- **commander2**: Unknown
- **commander1**:   Skandagupta
France Nuyen Vannga

**France Nuyen Vannga** (born ) was a French war survivor, stage and film actress, psychotherapist, and artistic model. Vannga immigrated to the United States in 1956, at the age of 16, and she was discovered by a film director. She decided to became a actress. Vannga starred in a number of multiple films, _Liat (1958 film)_, _In Love and War (1958 film)_, _The Last Time I Saw Archie (1961 film)_, _Satan Never Sleeps (1962 film_, _Diamond Head (1963 film)_, _A Girl named Tamiko (1963 film)_, _The Man in the Middle (1963 film)_, _Dimension 4 (1965 film)_, _Ah Toy, One More Train to Rob (1970 film)_, _Slingshot (1971 film)_, _The Big Game (1972 film)_, _Colonization of the Planet of Apes (1973 film)_, _Il blancho, il giallo, il nelo_ (1975 film), _China Cry: A True Story (1990 film)_, _Write to Kill (1991 film)_, _The Joy Luck Club (1993 film)_, _A Passion To Kill (1994 film)_, _Angry Cafe (1995 film)_, _A Smile Like Yours (1997 film)_, and  _The Battle of Shakher Heights (2003 film)_.

## Biography

France Nyugen Vannga was born on  in the city of Marseille, France, to parents Louis Vannga and Julie Vannga (née Mazaut). Her maternal family were  French-born Romani people. World War II broke out in 1939 with the German, Slovak, and Soviet invasion of Poland. The Germans invaded and occupied northern France in 1940, but southern France became a collaborator to the Nazis, so they did not invade and occupy that part, and southern France became the famous independent Vichy France. The Germans and Vichy officers lost to the Allies their occupation in northern Africa, so the Germans feared that the Allies would gain control of Vichy France. As a result, the Germans quickly invaded and occupied Vichy France in November 1942.
The Germans persecuted, deported, and murdered the Jews and Slavic peoples, as well as the Romani population, and so Vannga's mother was actually a Romani Holocaust survivor. Vannga herself was a war survivor,  and she was well aware of war and hunger by age 6. Vanga left school aged 11, and immigrated to the United States in 1956, at the age of 16, and she was discovered by a film director. She starred in a number of multiple films, and was a successful actress. She also later became a psychotherapist, and a model.
Born Mountain

The **Born Mountain** is a small mountain in the district of Olten in Switzerland. The towns of Wangen bei Olten and Olten have land over this mountain. It is 719 m above sea level.

## Other websites

- https://oltentourismus.ch/de/entdecken_erleben/natur/naherholungsgebiete/born
- https://www.routeyou.com/de-ch/location/view/48069085
Celestron

**Celestron** is a company that makes telescopes, microscopes, and binoculars. The main office of Celestron is in Torrance, California.

### Telescopes

Celestron makes refractors, and reflectors. The telescopes of Celestron are usually from 2 inches up to 10 inches of aperture.

## Other websites

- https://www.celestron.com/?srsltid=AfmBOoop6HzAnn9kogS1SLxnggeCa555Goh0XIF3mRqNx7gjC8zL8c8V
Skewb

A **Skewb** is a variation of the 3x3 Rubik's cube, except it turns diagonally instead of left-right and up-down.

## Combinations

The Skewb can have over 3 Million combinations. The 2x2 Cube has around the same with 3674160 possible combinations.

## Record

The fastest time to solve a Skewb currently goes to Carter Kucala for solving it in 0.75 seconds. He made this record on the March of the 23rd 2024.
Zürich Station

**Zürich Hauptbahnhof**, also known as **Zürich HB**, is the main railway station in Switzerland. Many trains come and stop there. Trains from France, Germany, Italy, Austria and the Czech Republic stop at this station.

## Eurocity lines

- TGV (France)
- Trenitalia (Italy)
- Eurocity (Switzerland-Germany-Italy)
- DB (Germany)
- CD (Czech Republic)

## Other websites

https://www.sbb.ch/de/reiseinformationen/bahnhoefe/bahnhof-finden/shopville-zuerich-hauptbahnhof.html
Culter

_To see more, see Culter (disambiguation)._

***Culter*** is a genus of cyprinids in the subfamily Cultrinae found in freshwater areas of East Asia. The name means "knife" in Latin. They are simply called **culters** and are related to _Chanodichthys_.

## Species

- _Culter alburnus_ <small>Basilewsky, 1855</small> (topmouth culter)
- _Culter flavipinnis_ <small>Tirant, 1883</small>
- _Culter oxycephaloides_ <small>Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908</small>
- _Culter recurviceps_ <small>J. Richardson, 1846</small>

### Type species

The type species is the topmouth culter (_Culter alburnus_).

## References

1. <small>Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "_Culter alburnus_" on _FishBase_. January 2010 version.</small>
1. <small>Huckstorf, V.; Freyhof, J. (2012). "_Chanodichthys flavipinnis_". _IUCN Red List of Threatened Species_.</small>
1. <small>"Fishing in China for Topmouth Culter aka Skygazer".</small>

## Other websites

- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814623025979
Set-builder notation

**Set-builder notation** is a mathematical notation used in set theory, logic, mathematics, and computer science to describe a set by stating the properties that its members must satisfy. Defining sets by properties is also known as _set comprehension_, _set abstraction_, or defining a set's _intension_.

## Structure

In set-builder notation, a set is typically written in one of the following forms:
- or

Where:
- **x** is a variable representing an element of the set.
- The vertical bar "∣" (or sometimes a colon ":") is interpreted as "such that" or "for which."
- **Φ(x)** is a predicate (a logical formula) that must be satisfied by the elements of the set.

## Use in Predicate Logic

Set-builder notation is heavily used in predicate logic to define sets based on conditions. If the predicate (the condition) is true for a particular element, that element belongs to the set.

## Empty Sets

If no values satisfy the condition specified in set-builder notation, the set will be the empty set, denoted by  or .

## See also

- Set (mathematics)
- Set theory
- Predicate logic
- Naive set theory
- List of mathematical symbols
Sultan Sheikhmus

**Sultan Sheikhmus** (Kurdish:    ) or with his full name **Musa bin Mahin El-Mardini ez-Zûlî** (b. 1077, Mardin; d. 1164, Mardin), was an Islamic scholar and a student of Abdul Qadir Gilani .

His tomb is in the village of Yüce on the Mardin-Diyarbakır road.
Minor civil division

A **Minor Civil Division** (MCD) is a term used by the United States Census Bureau for primary governmental and/or administrative divisions of a county or county-equivalent, typically representing a municipal government such as a city, town, or civil township. MCDs are used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and do not necessarily reflect the primary form of local government. They range from non-governing geographical areas to municipalities with varying powers of self-government.

## Overview

MCDs serve as subdivisions of counties and are primarily used by the Census Bureau for data collection. While some MCDs represent actual municipalities with significant governing authority, others may simply be geographic survey areas with little to no governing power. MCDs exist in 29 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. In states where MCDs are not utilized, the Census Bureau uses Census County Divisions (CCDs) for similar purposes.

## History

Before the 2010 census, 28 states used MCDs. However, in 2008, the state of Tennessee shifted from using CCDs to MCDs, bringing the total number of states utilizing MCDs to 29.

## Structure

MCDs encompass various types of entities:

- Townships – These are often found in states like Illinois and Iowa, and may either govern local affairs or exist as non-governing entities.
- City – In states like New York, cities can function as MCDs, though some cities may span multiple counties, such as Chicago.
- Parish – In Louisiana, the equivalent of MCDs are _parish governing authority districts_.
- Villages – In some states like New Jersey, villages and boroughs act as MCDs.

## Unorganized Territories

In some states, where state-defined MCDs are absent or incomplete, the Census Bureau creates unorganized territories to account for such regions. These are assigned special FIPS codes for statistical tracking.

For example, when state boundaries extend into ocean areas (e.g., the Great Lakes), but MCDs are not defined, unallocated water areas are assigned the FIPS county subdivision code 00000 and an ANSI code of eight zeroes.

## Related pages

- United States Census Bureau
- Administrative division
Sky-Watcher

**Sky-Watcher** is a company that makes telescopes and telescope items. They make reflectors, refractors and catadioptric telescopes. As for telescope items, they make barlows, diagonals, finder scopes, eyepieces, bino viewer. Alt-Az and Eq mounts. The telescopes of Sky-Watcher range in size from 2 inches to 20 inches.

## Other websites

- https://skywatcher.com/
Culter alburnus

The **topmouth culter** (_Culter alburnus_) is a species of culter that lives in East Asia. It is the type species of the genus _Culter_.

## Description

The topmouth culter has a sharp head. Not much is known about its description, though.

### Distribution

This culter occurs in Buir Lake and the Onon and Kherlen Rivers.

### Its habitat

_Culter alburnus_ lives in rivers that have lots of aquatic plants.

### Usage as food

The topmouth culter is highly regarded for its yummy and unique flavor. They are also one of the most valuable freshwater fish species in China.

## Other websites

- https://www.gbif.org/species/172898913
- https://www.youtube.com/shorts/O-8_9u5j_vY
Place Anneessens

The **Place Anneessens** (French) or **Anneessensplein** (Dutch) is a square in central Brussels, Belgium. It is named after François Anneessens, a local leader, who was killed on the Grote Markt (Brussels' main square) during a rebellion in the Austrian Netherlands.

## Location

The square is on the Boulevard Maurice Lemonnier (Maurice Lemonnierlaan), in the Midi–Lemonnier or Stalingrad district, which is the southern part of the City of Brussels. It is served by the premetro (underground tram) station Anneessens on lines 3 and 4.

## History

The square, with seven other streets, was created in 1639 on the Voldersbempt or Pré aux Foulons, a quiet field near the Rue d'Anderlecht (Anderlechtstraat), the river Senne, and a small part of the river called the "Lesser Senne" (French: Petite Senne, Dutch: Kleine Zenne).

Before the Senne was covered over (1867–1871), the square had a famous flea market called the Old Market (French: Vieux Marché, Dutch: Oude Markt). Due to a richer crowd and complaints from local people after the Central Boulevards were built, in March 1873, the city decided to move the Old Market to the Place du Jeu de Balle (Vossenplein) in the Marolles (Marollen) district, a role that square still has today.

## Other websites

- Media related to Place Anneessens at Wikimedia Commons
Palaeoniscum freieslebeni

***Palaeoniscum freieslebeni*** is an extinct species of palaeoniscoids belonging to the genus _Palaeoniscum_. It is the type species of that genus.

## Description

_Palaeoniscum freieslebeni_ was possibly 40 cm long. Its body was full of scales and fossils with 10 cm are very uncommon and unique.

## Related pages

- Palaeoniscum vratislavensis
- Palaeoniscidae

## References

1. <small>"_Palaeoniscum freieslebeni_ Blainville, 1818". _GBIF_.</small>
Dicellopyge

***Dicellopyge*** is an extinct genus of palaeoniscoids that lived in freshwater environments in what is now South Africa. It lived in the Anisian era.

## Description

A small fish, _Dicellopyge_ had a blunt snout and a forked tail. The body was long and the skull was short. It was 15 cm long.

### Naming

The genus _Dicellopyge_ was first described by James Brough as "_Dicellopygae_". However, it was changed to _Dicellopyge_ shortly after.

### Species

- †_Dicellopyge draperi_ <small>Woodward, 1931</small> (type species)
- †_Dicellopyge lissocephalus_ <small>Brough, 1931</small>

There could be a third species named _Dicellopyge tenuis_. However, there's not much research on it.

## Related pages

- Palaeoniscum

## References

1. <small>Hutchinson, Peter (1975). "Two Triassic fish from South Africa and Australia, with comments on the evolution of the Chondrostei". _Palaeontology_.</small>

## Other websites

- Data related to Dicellopyge at Wikidata
Karasuma Line

The  is a subway line in Kyoto, Japan, owned and is operated by the Kyoto Municipal Subway.

## Infobox (rail line)

- **name**: Karasuma Line
- **native name**: 烏丸線
- **native name lang**: ja
- **color**: #3CB371
- **logo**: Subway KyotoKarasuma.svg
- **logo width**: 40px
- **image**: File:Kyoto subway 20 series unit 31 20220506 Takeda.jpg
- **caption**: Kyoto
subway 20 series at Takeda station
- **type**: Rapid transit
- **locale**: Kyoto
- **stations**: 15
- **open**: May 28, 1981
- **owner**: Kyoto Municipal Subway
- **stock**: Kyoto Municipal Subway 10 series
Kyoto Municipal Subway 20 series
- **electrification**: 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
- **map**:
- **map state**: collapsed
Angels in the Outfield (1994 movie)

***Angels in the Outfield*** is a 1994 American family sports fantasy comedy-drama movie directed by William Dear. It is a remake of the 1951 movie of the same name.
Angels in the Endzone

***Angels in the Endzone*** is a 1997 American fantasy sports movie directed by Gary Nadeau and starring Christopher Lloyd. It is a sequel to the 1994 movie _Angels in the Outfield_. The movie is about a high school football team that lacks skill.
Angels in the Infield

***Angels in the Infield*** is a 2000 Disney television movie directed by Robert King and starring Patrick Warburton, Brittney Irvin, David Alan Grier, and Kurt Fuller.
Hera (space mission)

**Hera** is a spacecraft that has been made for the European Space Agency and its Space Safety program. It's mission objective is to study the Didymos binary asteroid system that was collided by NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft four years before Hera.

It was launched on October 7, 2024 by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket

## Infobox (spaceflight/ip)

- **type**: flyby
- **object**: Mars
- **arrival date**: March 2025


## Infobox (spaceflight/ip)

- **type**: orbiter
- **object**: 65803 Didymos
- **arrival date**: 14 December 2026


## Infobox (spaceflight/instruments)

- **acronym1**: AFC
- **name1**: Asteroid Framing Camera
- **acronym2**: TIRI
- **name2**: Thermal Infra Red Imager
- **acronym3**: PALT
- **name3**: Planetary Altimeter
- **acronym4**: RSE
- **name4**: Radio Science Experiment
- **acronym5**: HS
- **name5**: HyperScout-H


## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **auto**: all
- **name**: _Hera_
- **image**: Hera in orbit.jpg
- **image caption**: The drawing shows an idea, about _Hera_ in orbit around the asteroid Didymos
- **image size**: 300px
- **mission type**: 65803 Didymos, Didymos orbiter
- **operator**: European Space Agency
- **mission duration**: Planned (science phase): 6months
- **manufacturer**: OHB SE
- **launch date**: 7 October 2024, 14:52UTC (planned)
- **launch rocket**: Falcon 9 Block 5
- **launch site**: Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Cape Canaveral, Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40, SLC40
- **launch contractor**: SpaceX
- **instruments list**:
ETA SA

ETA SA is a company that makes watches and machines that make watches.

## Locations

ETA SA has many locations in Switzerland. They do not have any outside Switzerland.

- Grenchen
- Bettlach
- Moutier
- Boncourt
- Sion
- Fontainemelon
- St. Imier
- Villeret
- Assemti, Riazzino
- Diantus, Mendrisio

## Apprenticeship

ETA SA has apprentices for teenagers in German, and French. They do not offer appprenticeships in the Italian speaking region. ETA SA has jobs in Automation, Designing, and Horology.

## References

- https://www.eta.ch/de/karriere-lehrstellen/Lehrstellenangebot
- https://www.eta.ch/de

## Other websites

- https://www.eta.ch/de
Amanda Archer

**Amanda Archer** is an Australian entrepreneur and public relations professional. She has made her mark in the luxury travel and technology sectors. With a solid academic foundation and early career experiences, she developed the skills that later shaped her success in the field of public relations.

### FAWC (First-class Access Worldwide Concierge)

Archer is the founder and CEO of FAWC, a luxury travel and concierge technology company launched in 2023, in collaboration with supermodel Alessandra Ambrosio. FAWC seeks to bring new approaches to the travel industry by offering high-end travel solutions designed to be both exclusive and cost-effective. The company provides its members with a range of benefits, including hotel upgrades and custom travel itineraries.

Archer's leadership has helped FAWC gain traction in the industry. In 2022, she spoke at the Women in Web 3 panel at the South by Southwest (SXSW) festival, reflecting her role in the tech startup space. In 2023, she was also selected for a mentorship program led by tech entrepreneur Randi Zuckerberg.

## Public relations

Before founding FAWC, Archer worked as a public relations consultant, where she became known for organizing major media events and facilitating high-profile interviews for well-known brands and public figures. She was involved in coordinating the Jackson family's first interviews after Michael Jackson's death, marking a notable moment in her career.

Archer has also contributed to a range of publications, including Hello!, Forbes, People, 60 Minutes, Mail On Sunday, and OK! Magazine. Her PR work has involved collaborations with several celebrities, such as Paris and Nicky Hilton, Elle Macpherson, Tatum O'Neal, Scott Disick, Lindsay Lohan, Piers Morgan, Caitlyn Jenner, Crystal Hefner, Abby Lee Miller, and Priscilla Presley.

Beyond her commercial endeavors, Archer has participated in charitable projects, including campaigns for Olympian Ian Thorpe in partnership with Prince William's Fountain for Youth and initiatives with the Irwin family's Wildlife Warriors.

## Personal life

Archer's career spans luxury travel, public relations, and event management, where she has made a lasting impact. Her approach, combining innovative strategies with an extensive professional network, has positioned her as a key figure in these fields.

## Other websites

- FAWC website
Hurricane Milton

**Hurricane Milton** was a powerful tropical cyclone that is an Atlantic tropical cyclone. The hurricane started in early October in the Western Gulf of Mexico.

Milton became stronger and turned into a Category 5 on October 7, 2024 and hit the peninsula of Florida and was gone around October 12, 2024. The hurricane had a big impact on the Tampa Bay area as well as the west coast of Florida. Residents in the Tampa Bay Area had to evacuate the area. Airports around Florida cancelled flights due to the hurricane.

The Europa Clipper was delayed due to the hurricane.

The hurricane damaged a lot of houses and created floods. The hurricane also cause 67 deaths and injured hundreds. The name Milton was later retired and replaced with _Miguel_ for the 2030 season.

## Infobox (weather event)

- **image**: Milton 2024-10-07 1920Z.jpg
- **caption**: Milton near peak intensity just north of the Yucatán Peninsula on October 7


## Infobox (weather event/nws)

- **winds**: 155
- **pressure**: 895
- **gusts**: 164


## Infobox (weather event/effects)

- **year**: 2024
- **fatalities**: 45
- **injuries**: 14+
- **damage**: >$36 billion


## Infobox (weather event/footer)

- **season**: 2024 Atlantic hurricane season
Ebro Foods

**Ebro Foods** is a Spanish food company. It is the world's largest producer of rice and the second biggest producer of pasta. Its main office is in Madrid. Ebro Foods was founded in 1998.
History of Poland (1939–1945)

Poland would be the first European country to be invaded by Nazi Germany during the Second world war. With the nazis occupying  Poland for most of the war. Resistance rose up to fight the German occupiers for almost 6 years from 1 September 1939 - 14 May 1945. The war ended with the resistance not liberating the country and the government-in-exile not returning until 1990. instead, Poland was liberated by the Soviet Union and the Polish People's Army. And a puppet state called the Polish People's Republic was formed in 1947.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: World War II in Poland
- **place**: Second Polish Republic, Poland
- **partof**: The European theatre of World War II
- **date**: 1 September 1939 - 14 May 1945
- **result**: Polish People's Army, Polish and Soviet victory
- **combatant1**: (Invasion of Poland, 1939)

(1939-1945)
*
*  Jewish Combat Organization
*  Peasant Battalions
*  National Armed Forces
<hr>
**Support:**
 (1939-1945)
 (1939-1945)
 (1941-1945)
(Western Allies, and others)
- **combatant2**: *  General Government
*
*  (1944)
*  Lithuanian Collaborators
*  Ukrainian Collaborators
<hr>
 (Soviet invasion of Poland, 1939-Operation Barbarossa, 1941)
*
*  Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belarus
<hr>
 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (1943-1945)
- **combatant3**: (1941-1945)
*
*  Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belarus
*  Soviet partisans
*  People's Guard (1942–1944), People's Guard (6 January 1942 – 1 January 1944)
*  People's Army (Poland), People's Army (1 January 1944 – 29 July 1944)
*  Polish People's Army (May 1943-1945)
**  Polish Army in the East
*  Polish Committee of National Liberation (1944)
*  (1944-1945)
- **image**: Invasion of Poland-1939.png
- **caption**: Map of the Invasion of Poland
Tango (drink)

**Tango**  is a carbonated soft drink. It originated in the United Kingdom, primarily sold in the UK and Ireland. It was Introduced by Corona in 1950. Corona was purchased by the Beecham Group in 1958, and Corona Soft Drinks by Britvic in 1987.
Stewart's Fountain Classics

**Stewart's Fountain Classics** is an American brand of premium soft drinks. They are nostalgic "old fashioned" fountain sodas. It originated at the Stewart's Restaurants, a chain of root beer stands started in 1924 by Frank Stewart in Mansfield, Ohio.
Hyloxalus felixcoperari

***Hyloxalus felixcoperari*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Body

Scientists saw three adult male frogs. They were 20.3 to 20.8 mm long from nose to rear end and three adult female frogs were 21.4 to 23.8 mm long. The skin of the frog's mouth is light brown or cream-white in color, with small dark brown spots. The skin of the frog's back is light brown in color with darker brown spots and patterns. The skin of the frog's front legs is red-brown in color with spots and patterns. The sides of the body are dark brown with white spots. The sides of the back legs are red-brown in color with some dark brown stripes. The backs of the back legs are yellow in color and sometimes have dark brown marks or patterns. The adult male frog has a dark brown chest and throat and the adult female frog has a white chest, throat, and belly. The frog has a dark black stripe down each side of its body to its rear end.

## Home

Scientists saw this frog in exactly one place, between 2500 and 2577 meters above sea level in the Cordillera Oriental. They saw the frog in a cloud forest in the mountains.

Scientists saw the frog in a protected park: Las Nubes Private Natural Reserve.

## Young

This frog is awake during the day when it is warm. The male frog chooses a good place, about 1-4 m away from other males. He sits in the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs.

Scientists saw one female frog carrying three tadpoles on her back.

The tadpoles have oval-shaped bodies. At one point in their lives  they are about 3.8 to 4.4 mm long not counting the tail and 8.6 to 9.7 mm with the tail.
Robert Coover

**Robert Lowell Coover** (February 4, 1932 – October 5, 2024) was an American novelist and short story writer. He was a professor at Brown University. Coover was born in Charles City, Iowa. His works were mainly fabulation and metafiction. He was a well known supporter of electronic literature. He was a founder of the Electronic Literature Organization.

Coover died at a care home in Warwick, England on October 5, 2024, at the age of 92.
Recai Kutan

**Mehmet Recai Kutan** (5 April 1930 – 7 October 2024) was a Turkish politician. He was the leader of the Felicity Party (SP) from 2001 to 2003 and again from 2006 to 2008. He was also the leader of the Virtue Party from 1997 to 2001. Kutan was born in Darende, Turkey.

Kutan was the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources from 1996 to 1997. Before, he was the Minister of Construction and Settlement from 1977 to 1978.

Kutan died on 7 October 2024 from problems caused by a respiratory tract infection at a hospital in Ankara, Turkey at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Biography
Sexual system

A sexual system is how male and female roles are shared among organisms in a species. It's sometimes called a reproductive or mating system. The boundaries of the different systems are not quite clear because of changes in traits. The sexual systems have been studied for a very long period.

## Types of sexual systems

Sexual systems of flowering plants may be either monomorphic or dimorphic. In monomorphic systems, one plant can have different types of flowers—some that are male, female, or both (hermaphrodite). Examples are like-monoecy, gynomonoecy, andromonoecy, and trimonoecy. In dimorphic systems, the plant forms only one flower type, male, female, or hermaphrodite. Like - dioecy, gynodioecy, androdioecy, trioecy. Staminate flowers are male and consist only of stamens. They produce pollen. The female flowers are pistillate, containing only pistils. The flowers of hermaphrodite have both male and female parts: stamen and pistil. In animals, similar systems exist where hermaphrodites live alongside single-sex individuals, and these are called mixed sexual systems.
Battle of Ypres

The **Battle of Ypres** was a series of battles during **World War I** near the Belgian city of Ypres, between the German and Allied forces (Belgian, French, and British). The battles resulted in over one million casualties across five major engagements:

- **First Battle of Ypres** (19 October – 22 November 1914): Over 220,000 casualties.
- **Second Battle of Ypres** (22 April – 15 May 1915): First large-scale use of poison gas by Germany; about 100,000 casualties.
- **Battle of Passchendaele** (31 July – 10 November 1917), also known as the Third Battle of Ypres.
- **Third Battle of Ypres**: Between 400,000 and 900,000 casualties.
- **Battle of the Lys** (7 – 29 April 1918), also called the
- **Fourth Battle of Ypres**: Around 200,000 casualties.
- **Fifth Battle** of Ypres (29 September – 2 October 1918), also known as the
- **Advance of Flanders**: Approximately 10,000 Allied casualties; German casualties unknown.
Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog

**Dr. Horrible’s Sing-Along Blog** is an Internet musical movie written by Joss Whedon and starring Neil Patrick Harris. Harris plays a Mad scientist named Billy, also known as Dr. Horrible, who wants to join a Supervillain team called the Evil League of Evil which will only let him in if he murders someone.

### Act 1

Billy, pretending to be a villain named Dr. Horrible, records a video of him talking to his audience. Reading his email in the video, he talks about someone he has simply referred to as "her" and explains his plan to have her fall in love with him using his freeze ray so she will notice him in the laundromat ("My Freeze Ray"). Billy's evil roommate Moist enters the room with Billy's mail. Billy finds a letter from the leader of the supervillain league he applied to, called the Evil League of Evil. In the letter, the leader, named Bad Horse, explains to Billy that he will be graded based on his next crime ("Bad Horse Chorus").

The next day, the girl is trying to get people to help people who don't have places to live ("Caring Hands") Meanwhile, Billy tries to steal an element called Wonderflonium to power his freeze ray by stealing a van. He is interrupted by the girl from the laundromat, named Penny. She asks for him to sign a piece of paper to help her cause, which he does.

Billy then changes into Dr. Horrible and returns to stealing the van. His plan fails when his enemy, Captain Hammer, appears and destroys the remote control Billy was using to control the van. Hammer accidentally steers the van towards Penny, whom he then pushes into a pile of garbage bags. Hammer and Penny talk to each other while Dr. Horrible sneaks away with the Wonderflonium ("A Man's Gotta Do").

### Act 2

Billy finds out that Penny and Captain Hammer have been seeing each other in public, so he watches them and complains about what they're doing ("My Eyes"). Billy is back in his house recording another video, outlining his plans to take down Hammer with the freeze ray. The camera cuts to him the next day, who informs the audience that his plan failed, as Hammer watches his videos.

Billy gets a phone call from Bad Horse, who informs him that since his plan failed, the only way for him to get into the Evil League of Evil is to kill someone ("Bad Horse Chorus (Reprise)").
Independent Alliance (UK)

The **Independent Alliance** is a parliamentary faction in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. It is made up of five members of Parliament (MPs) who were elected as independents. The group is not a political party, but a technical group.

The Independent Alliance was formed on 2 September 2024 by Jeremy Corbyn, formerly leader of the Labour Party, alongside Shockat Adam, Adnan Hussain, Ayoub Khan and Iqbal Mohamed.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Independent Alliance
- **logo**: Independent Alliance (UK).svg
- **successor**: Your Party (UK), Your Party (provisional name)
Shockat Adam

**Shockat Hussain Adam Patel** (born November 1972) is a British businessman, optometrist, and independent politician. He has been a Member of Parliament for Leicester South since 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Shockat Adam
- **image**: Official portrait of Shockat Adam MP crop 2.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Leicester South (UK Parliament constituency), Leicester South
- **predecessor**: Jonathan Ashworth
- **term start**: 4 July 2024
- **majority**: 979 (2.3%)
- **birth name**: Shockat Hussain Adam Patel
- **birth place**: Malawi
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (part of the Independent Alliance (UK), Independent Alliance)
- **alma mater**: University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Adnan Hussain

**Adnan Hussain** (born July 1989) is a British independent politician and solicitor. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn since 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Official portrait of Adnan Hussain MP crop 2.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Blackburn (UK Parliament constituency), Blackburn
- **predecessor**: Kate Hollern
- **term start**: 4 July 2024
- **majority**: 132 (0.3%)
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (part of the Independent Alliance (UK), Independent Alliance)
- **otherparty**: Labour Party (UK), Labour (before 2020)
- **alma mater**: University of Central Lancashire
Ayoub Khan

**Ayoub Khan** (born 1972 or 1973) is a British Independent politician. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Perry Barr since 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Ayoub_Khan_MP_portrait_cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **parliament**: United Kingdom
- **office**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
 for Birmingham Perry Barr (UK Parliament constituency), Birmingham Perry Barr
- **term start**: 4 July 2024
- **predecessor**: Khalid Mahmood (British politician), Khalid Mahmood
- **majority**: 507 (1.4%)
- **office1**: Birmingham City Council, Member of Birmingham City Council
for Aston
- **term start1**: May 2022
- **predecessor1**: Muhammad Afzal
- **term start2**: July 2005
- **term end2**: May 2012
- **term start3**: May 2003
- **term end3**: June 2004
- **birth place**: Ratta, Azad Kashmir, Ratta, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (part of the Independent Alliance (UK), Independent Alliance)
- **alma mater**: University of Birmingham
University of Central England                                             BPP Law College Bar Vocational Course
- **otherparty**: Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Democrats (until 2024)
Iqbal Mohamed

**Iqbal Hussain Mohamed** is a British independent politician, engineer, and IT consultant. He has been the Member of Parliament for Dewsbury and Batley since 2024. He is known for his pro-Palestine stance. He became the first independent MP to be elected to a seat in Yorkshire since 1907.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Iqbal Mohamed
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament (UK), MP
- **image**: Iqbal Mohamed MP.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **parliament**: United Kingdom
- **office**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Dewsbury and Batley (UK Parliament constituency), Dewsbury and Batley
- **termstart**: 4 July 2024
- **predecessor**: _Constituency established_
- **majority**: 6,934 (18.2%)
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (part of the Independent Alliance (UK), Independent Alliance)
- **birth name**: Iqbal Hussain Mohamed
- **birth place**: Dewsbury, England
- **alma mater**: Durham University
Bernal Sphere

A **Bernal sphere** is a type of space habitat intended as a long-term home for permanent residents, first designed in 1929 by John Desmond Bernal.

Bernal's original proposal described a hollow non-rotating spherical shell, filled with air, 10 miles (16 km) in diameter, with a target population of 20,000 to 30,000 people.

In 1975-1976, Dr. Gerard K. O'Neill designed _Island One_, a changed Bernal sphere with a diameter of only 500 m (1,600 ft) for a population of 10,000. It would rotate about twice each minute to produce a full Earth artificial gravity at the sphere's equator. A "Crystal Palace", formed by multiple rings next to the sphere at both ends, would be used for agriculture. Sunlight was to be provided to the interior of the sphere using external mirrors to direct it in through large windows near the poles. O'Neill also designed a larger version, _Island Two_, 1800 meters in diameter, with an equatorial circumference of nearly 6.5 km (4 miles). In addition to _Island One_ and _Island Two_ Bernal spheres, Gerard K. O'Neill also designed another type of space habitat: _Island Three_, also known as O'Neill cylinder, with an even far larger size than _Island Two_.
Gary Ruvkun

**Gary Bruce Ruvkun** (born 26 March 1952) is an American molecular biologist. He is a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School in Boston.

Ruvkun was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.

Ruvkun was awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Victor Ambros for their discovery of microRNA.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Gary Ruvkun
- **image**: Gruber Prize Laureate Gary Ruvkun (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Gary Bruce Ruvkun
- **birth place**: Berkeley, California, U.S.
- **workplaces**: University of California, Berkeley
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts General Hospital
- **alma mater**: University of California, Berkeley (Bachelor of Arts, AB)
Harvard University (PhD)
- **thesis title**: The molecular genetic analysis of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (NIF) genes from rhizobium meliloti
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/303226138/
- **thesis year**: 1982
- **doctoral advisor**: Frederick Ausubel
Victor Ambros

**Victor R. Ambros** (born December 1, 1953) is an American developmental biologist. He discovered the first known microRNA (miRNA). He is a professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

Ambros received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Gary Ruvkun in 2024 for their research on microRNA.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: ambros3.jpg
- **birth place**: Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Bachelor of Science, BS, PhD)
- **thesis title**: The protein covalently linked to the 5'-end of poliovirus RNA
- **known for**: Discovery of microRNA
- **fields**: Biology
- **work institutions**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, M.I.T. Center for Cancer Research <small>(1975–1976)</small>
Massachusetts Institute of Technology <small>(1976–1979)</small>
Harvard University <small>(1985–1992)</small>
Dartmouth College <small>(1992–2001)</small>
Dartmouth Medical School <small>(2001–2007)</small>
University of Massachusetts Medical School <small>(2008–)</small>
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/303013951/
- **thesis year**: 1979
- **doctoral advisor**: David Baltimore
Billiard table

The **billiard table** also known as a **pool table**, or **pool break** is a type of sports table. Billiard tables are typically used to play billiard on. The game usually has 16 balls, which have to be inserted inside of pockets using a cue.
Ninh Thuận province

**Ninh Thuận** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm.
Tehran Conference

The **Tehran Conference** (codenamed **Eureka**) was a meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943. It was held at the Soviet Union's embassy at Tehran in Iran. It was the first of the World War II conferences of the "Big Three" Allied leaders (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom).

The main result of the Tehran Conference was the Western Allies' commitment to open a second front against Nazi Germany. The conference also addressed the Big Three Allies' relations with Turkey and Iran, operations in Yugoslavia and against Japan.

## Infobox (summit meeting)

- **name**: Tehran Conference
- **image**: Teheran conference-1943.jpg
- **caption**: **Left-to-right:**
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, American president Franklin D. Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill
- **country**:  Allied-occupied Iran
- **date**: 28 November – 1 December 1943
- **venues**: Embassy of Russia, Tehran#Tehran Conference, Embassy of the Soviet Union
- **cities**: Tehran, Iran
- **participants**:  Soviet Union
 United States

- **precedes**: Yalta Conference
- **keypoints**: Consensus to open Operation Overlord, a second front against Nazi Germany by 1 June 1944
Đắk Lắk province

**Đắk Lắk** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Buôn Ma Thuột.
Khánh Hòa province

**Khánh Hòa** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Nha Trang.
Phú Yên province

**Phú Yên** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Tuy Hòa.
Bình Định province

**Bình Định** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Quy Nhơn.
Gia Lai province

**Gia Lai** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Pleiku.
Kon Tum province

**Kon Tum** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Kon Tum.
Quảng Ngãi province

**Quảng Ngãi** is a province of Vietnam. Its capital is Quảng Ngãi.
Mephistopheles

**Mephistopheles**, also known as **Mephisto**, is a demon featured in German folklore. He originally appeared in literature as the demon in the Faust legend and has since become a stock character appearing in other works of arts and popular culture.

During the Renaissance, he was known by the name Mephostophiles, from which one of his possible etymologies is derived, according to which the name comes from the combination of the Greek negative particle μὴ (not), φῶς (light), φιλής (he who loves), or what is the same: he who does not love the light. However, the meaning of the word has not been fully established. Butler mentions that the name suggests conjectures in Greek, Persian or Hebrew languages. Among the suggested names, there are Mephophiles (enemy of light), Mefaustophiles (enemy of Faust), or Mefiz-Tofel (destroyer-liar).

Extended by Romanticism and universalized by Faust, it symbolizes the process of loss of faith and concretization to the practical according to a moral system typical of advanced societies as a consequence of the Scientific and Industrial Revolution.

Mephistopheles is often portrayed as a tragicomic figure, caught between his victory in getting the masses to stop considering God the center of all things, and his defeat in losing relevance himself for the same reason. Graphically, Mephistopheles has been shown as the most refined representation of evil, being characterized with lavish clothing typical of nobility and with a cold, rational mind with a high level of logic, the same one he would use to mentally trap people and make them follow his designs.
Sally Svendelin

**Sally Svendelin** (born 19 November 1939) is a Swiss archer. Svendelin competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Lucien Trepper

**Lucien Trepper** (born 19 May 1953) is a Swiss archer. Trepper competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Lucien Trepper
- **nationality**: Swiss
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Geneva, Switzerland
Lotti Tschanz

**Charlotte "Lotti" Tschanz** (born 10 July 1933) is a Swiss retired archer. Tschanz competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics.