juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jaysh al-Ummah al-Salafi Bayt al-Maqdis

|colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;"|Jaysh al-Ummah al-Salafi fi Bayt al-Maqdis|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"|Flag of Jaysh al-Ummah al-Salafi fi Bayt al-Maqdis|
|class="infobox-data agent"|Abu Hafs al-Maqdisi|
|class="infobox-data"|2005-present|
|class="infobox-data label"|Gaza Strip|
|class="infobox-data"|Palestinian nationalism Salafi jihadism|
|class="infobox-data"|25+ (2008)|
|class="infobox-data"|2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip 2014 Gaza War 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis 2023 Israel-Hamas war|

**Jaysh al-Ummah al-Salafi Bayt al-Maqdis**  جيش الأمة السلفي في بيت المقدس  (_The Salafi Army of the Salafi Muslims in Jerusalem_) is a Muslim Salafi jihadist militant group in the Gaza Strip. The group is against Israel. The group supports al-Qaeda and dislikes Hamas.

## Organization

The group is a small group and it had only 25 members in 2008. It is led by Abu Hafs al-Maqdisi and attempts to finance itself using cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. The group has fired rockets at Israel. It has fought the Israel Defense Forces such as during the 2012 Gaza War and the 2014 Gaza War. The group does not agree with Hamas, and have said that "Hamas applies neither Sharia law nor any other Islamic rule or order." Hamas has put their leader, Abu Hafs al-Maqdisi, under arrest. In January 2008, the group said they would kill United States president George W. Bush.
FC Flora

**FC Flora**, also known as **Flora Tallinn** or **Flora**, is a football club which plays in Estonia. It is based in Tallinn. Its home ground is the Lilleküla Stadium.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Flora
- **upright**: 0.6
- **fullname**: FC Flora
- **ground**: Lilleküla Stadium
- **capacity**: 14,336
- **chrtitle**: President
- **chairman**: Pelle Pohlak
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **manager**: Norbert Hurt
- **league**: Meistriliiga
- **season**: 2025 Meistriliiga, 2025
- **position**: Meistriliiga, 1st of 10 (champions)
- **website**: http://www.fcflora.ee
- **pattern b1**: _nikeacademy22ghv
- **body1**: 008000
- **pattern la1**: _nikeacademy22ghv
- **leftarm1**: 008000
- **pattern ra1**: _nikeacademy22ghv
- **rightarm1**: 008000
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: 008000
- **pattern b2**: _nikeacademy22wb
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **pattern la2**: _nikeacademy22wb
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **pattern ra2**: _nikeacademy22wb
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
Polypedates insularis

The **Nicobarese  tree frog** or **Nicobar tree frog** (_Polypedates insularis_) is a frog.  It lives in India on the Nicobar Islands. People have seen it as high as 500 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in trees in forests, but they can also live in gardens, farms, and houses.

This frog lives on Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar, and Pulo Milo. Scientists believe this frog is in some danger of dying out because the place it lives is not very big. People are planning to build a place for ships on Great Nicobar. If they do, much of the place where the frog lives will be gone.
San Quintin

**San Quintín** or **San Quintin** is the name of several places:

- San Quintín Glacier, in Chile
- San Quintín, Baja California, in Mexico
- San Quintin, Abra, in the Philippines
- San Quintin, Pangasinan, in the Philippines
Saint Andrew Parish, Grenada

**Saint Andrew** is a parish on the Caribbean island of Grenada. It is the easternmost of the country’s six parishes. It is the largest parish by area and the second largest one by population. Its capital is Grenville.
USA-181

**USA-181** was the first payload to be launched on the Delta IV Heavy rocket.

## Launch

USA-181 launched on The Maiden Flight of the Delta IV Heavy Rocket on December 21, 2004, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, LC-37B.

## Description

USA-181 is permanently attached to the second stage of the first Delta IV Heavy rocket.

## Conclusion

As of 2024 USA-181 remains in a Medium Earth Orbit attached to the First Delta IV Heavy rocket.

## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: USA-181
- **image**: Demosat with 3CSat.jpg
- **image caption**: Demosat payload on the first Delta IV Heavy rocket.
- **mission type**: Demonstration Satellite
- **operator**: Boeing Space
- **mission duration**: In Orbit:
- **launch date**: December 21, 2004
- **launch rocket**: Delta IV Heavy
- **launch site**: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, LC-37B, Florida
- **launch contractor**: Boeing Space
Saint Mark Parish, Grenada

**Saint Mark** is a parish on the Caribbean island of Grenada. It is in the west of the island. It is Grenada's smallest parish by both area and population. The capital is Victoria.
Adak Airport

**Adak Airport** is an airport in Alaska. It is located west of the town of Adak, Alaska.
Sclerorhynchoidei

**Sclerorhynchoidei**, the **sawskates**, is an extinct suborder of cartilaginous fish that had long rostra with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks. This feature was just convergent evolution and their closest living relatives are actually skates.

The suborder contains five families, the Ganopristidae, Ischyrhizidae, Onchopristidae, Ptychotrygonidae, and Schizorhizidae. Some genera are not in any of these families.

### _Onchopristis_

_Onchopristis_ is an extinct genus of giant sclerorhynchoid. Isolated rostral denticles are the most common fossils, but rostra, chondrocrania, jaws, oral teeth, vertebrae, and dermal denticles were also found.

### _Baharipristis_

_Baharipristis_ is an extinct genus of sawskate from the Cretaceous period.

### _Onchosaurus_

_Onchosaurus_ is an extinct genus of ganopristid sawskate.

### _Schizorhiza_

_Schizorhiza_ is an extinct genus of Cretaceous schizorhizid.

### _Atlanticopristis_

_Atlanticopristis_ (meaning "Atlantic saw") is an extinct genus of Cretaceous ganopristid.

## Related pages

- Balistoides
- Balistes

## References

1. <small>Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2012). "Observations diverses et déductions concernant l'evolution et la systématique de quelques Euselachii, Neoselachii et Batoidei (Pisces - Elasmobranchii), actuels et fossiles"(PDF). _Géominpal Belgica_. **2** (1): 1–89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.</small>
Balistes vegai

***Balistes vegai*** is an extinct species of triggerfish that lived during the Miocene. It was described in 2019 as a member of the genus _Balistes_. It is the largest species of _Balistes_ and possibly the largest triggerfish to ever exist, being equal to or bigger than the largest triggerfish today, the Titan Triggerfish.

## Related pages

- Balistes vetula
- Balistes dubius
Grey triggerfish

The **grey triggerfish** (_Balistes capriscus_) or **leatherjacket**, is a triggerfish in the genus _Balistes_ that is found in shallow parts of the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Argentina and also the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and off Angola on the west coast of Africa.

## Description

The grey triggerfish is primarily olive-gray. It has blue dots and lines on the body and dorsal fin. It has a laterally compressed body shaped like a large rugby ball.

The small beak at the tip of the snout has fleshy lips. The body, aside from being compressed, has a tough, leathery skin. It is also pale gray, greenish-gray, or yellowish-brown.

## Distribution and habitat

As mentioned earlier, the grey triggerfish is in the western Atlantic Ocean. It can be found over hard bottoms on reefs and rocky areas, in lagoons and in bays, at depths down to about 55 m (180 ft). Once considered to be an uncommon visitor to northern European seas, an increase in records around the coast of Cornwall say it is now breeding there.

## Recreational fishing

People in Florida and elsewhere love going fishing for grey triggerfish. It is also notorious for being a bait stealer. It is also associated with black sea bass and red snapper. Its mouth is bony, so to catch it, you'll need a small sharp hook that is baited with squid or cut bait.

## Related pages

- Onchopristis
- Balistomorphus
- List of prehistoric bony fish genera

## References

1. <small>"Gray Triggerfish". _NOAA Fisheries_.</small>

## Other websites

- Photos of Grey triggerfish on Sealife Collection
- Media related to Grey triggerfish at Wikimedia Commons
Balistes dubius

***Balistes dubius*** is an extinct species of Miocene triggerfish in the genus _Balistes_.

## Description

The paleoart of _Balistes dubius_ on the left shows that this small triggerfish was probably medium turquoise in color. However, not much info is known about this tetraodontiform fish.

## Related pages

- Balistes vegai
Korean sandlance

The **Korean sandlance** (_Hypoptychus dybowskii_) is a species of marine ray-finned fish. It is the only member of the monotypic family **Hypoptychidae**. It is classified in the suborder Gasterosteoidei. It is endemic in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

## Etymology

The Korean sandlance's genus name, _Hypoptychus_, is a combination of _hypo_, which means "under", and _ptychos_, meaning "fold", an allusion to the fin fold on the lower surface of the body.

## Description

The Korean sandlance is an elongated fish shaped like a thin rugby ball. Its dorsal and anal fins are placed well back on the body towards the caudal fin. Around the eye is a broken ring. There's no pelvic girdle or pelvic fins.

## Related pages

- Aulorhamphus
- Balistomorphus
- Xiphiorhynchus

## References

1. <small>Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2022). "Hypoptychidae" in FishBase. June 2022 version.</small>
1. <small>Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "_Hypoptychus dybowskii_" in FishBase. June 2022 version.</small>
Carmilla (web series)

**Carmilla** is the name of a web series about a vampire. This web series is on YouTube and has three seasons. The Carmilla web series is one of the more popular web series to exist. This web series was inspired by a book by Sheridan Le Fanu, whose book is also called "Carmilla."

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: carmillaserieslogo-2016.png
- **director**: Spencer Maybee
- **opentheme**: "Love Will Have Its Sacrifices" performed by SOLES
- **country**: Canada
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 121
- **list episodes**: List of Carmilla episodes
- **editor**: Dillon Taylor
- **camera**: Single-camera setup, Single-camera
- **runtime**: 3-16 minutes
Fasolasuchus

**Fasolasuchus** (meaning Fasola crocodile) is the largest rauisuchian to be discovered. It grew to 10 meters (33 ft) long and weight 2 tons which outweighs any of the present land predators such as the polar bear, grizzly bear, and the siberian tiger. It lived 220-205 million years ago in the Late Triassic in what is now known as Argentina. It is known from only a skull so far. Unlike the Postosuchus, this Fasolasuchus had only one row of osteoderms. It's bite force would have been high as it had a similar skull shape to that of the Tyrannosaurus.
Willibald Stejskal

**Willibald "Willy" Stejskal** (25 April 1896- ?) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played mainly for SK Rapid Wien as defender. He also played one match for the Austrian national  football team.

## Career

He played for Rapid Vienna from 1914 to 1923. In this period he won with the club four national championships and once the Austrian Cup. In 1923 he also played for Wacker Wien and in 1924 he finished his Austrian career as player with Wiener AF.

Then he moved to Australia. In 1928 he played for the team of the stove manufacturer Metters Limited.

### International

He made his debut for Austria in June 1918 in a friendly match at home against Hungary. This was his only match for the national football team..

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1"|Austria|1918|1|0|

## Honours

- 4 x Austrian Champion(1915/16, 1916/17, 1918/19, 1922/23)
- 1 x Austrian Cup (1918/19)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Willy Stejskal
- **fullname**: Willibald Stejskal
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death date**: ?
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1914-1923
- **years2**: 1923-1924
- **years3**: 1924
- **years4**: 1924 -1925
- **years5**: 1928
- **clubs1**:  SK Rapid Wien
- **clubs2**: SC Wacker Wien
- **clubs3**: Wiener AF
- **clubs4**: Cavese 1919
- **clubs5**: Metters Limited
- **caps1**: 60
- **goals1**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 1918
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1921–1922
- **manageryears2**: 1924
- **manageryears3**: 1925
- **manageryears4**: 1932–1933
- **manageryears5**: 1936–
- **manageryears6**: 1942–1943
- **manageryears7**: 1942–1944
- **manageryears8**: 1948–1949
- **manageryears9**: 1953
- **managerclubs1**: Modena F.C. 2018, Modena
- **managerclubs2**: PFC Slavia Sofia, Slavia Sofia
- **managerclubs3**: Bulgaria national football team, Bulgaria
- **managerclubs4**: FC Metz, Metz
- **managerclubs5**: K.F.C. Vigor Wuitens Hamme, Vigor Hamme
- **managerclubs6**: K.A.A. Gent, Gent
- **managerclubs7**: Cercle Brugge K.S.V., Cercle Brugge
- **managerclubs8**: K.S.V. Waregem, Waregem
- **managerclubs9**: AFC Ajax, Ajax (interim)
Samara Metro

**Samara Metro** is a system of urban off-street rail public transport in the city of Samara. This is the fifth largest subway commissioning in the RSFSR and the tenth in the USSR and the post-Soviet space. Until 1992 it was called the Kuibyshev Metro, and since October 2013 - after A. A. Rosovsky. Includes 10 stations, of which 9 are underground and one above-ground. The network length is 11.6 km.

## History

In September 1980, construction began on the section between the Prospekt Lenina and Oktyabrskaya stations. However, the tunnel was mothballed, and the construction of the metro was moved to Yungorodok. At the end of 1980, construction began on the Kirovskaya station in Yungorodka, and in September 1981, tunneling began between the Kirovskaya and Bezymyanka stations.

The first line of the Kuibyshev metro was planned to open in 1987. Regular passenger traffic at the launch site was opened on December 26, 1987. The Metropolitan became the 5th in the RSFSR and the 12th in the USSR.

On August 11, 2010, restrictions on photography and video shooting in the metro area were lifted.

On October 11, 2013, the Samara metro was named after Alexey Rosovsky
Noctambulant

***Noctambulant*** is the second studio album by Spawn of Possession. The album was released on July 4, 2006.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Noctambulant
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Spawn of Possession
- **released**: July 4, 2006
- **genre**: Death metal, Technical death metal
- **length**: 41:30
- **label**: Neurotic
- **producer**: Magnus Sedenberg
- **prev title**: Cabinet (album), Cabinet
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Incurso
- **next year**: 2012
Tengkolok

**Tengkolok** (Jawi: تڠكولوق) also called **Tanjak** or **Destar**, is a hat that Malay men wear. People make it from songket cloth. The cloth is folded in a way called "solek." Long ago, High-ranking people and leaders in Palembang wore tengkolok. Now, people wear tengkolok for special things, for example royal events and weddings.

## Name

According to the Dewan Dictionary, the words _tengkolok_, _destar_, _setanjak_, and _tanjak_ mean the same thing. The word _tengkolok_ can also mean a veil or other cloth covering for a woman's head. However, people do not usually say this word this way now, except in some places like Jambi. The root word for "tengkolok" is "kuluk."

The words _tengkolok_, _destar_, and _tanjak_ are for different kinds of cloth and different ways to tie the cloth. "Tengkolok" hats have high-quality cloth with many layers, and the hat is thinner on the top than on the bottom. "Destar" hats are thin and smaller than the head. "Tanjak" hats are like hoods, but the cloth is simpler and thinner.

## History

The Supreme Leader of Malaysia wears a special tengkolok. This tengkolok is called the "Tengkolok Raja." It is made of black silk with gold thread. It has a crescent moon and an eleven-pointed star made of white gold with diamonds, showing the National Coat of Arms.

There is a Malaysian folk tale about Muzaffar Shah, the son of the last Sultan of Melaka. When the Portuguese took over the Sultanate of Melaka in 1511, Muzaffar Shah was asked to rule Perak. He got on a ship to sail to Perak. On the way, his ship started sinking. Muzaffar Shah began to throw things off the ship to make it lighter. But the ship was still too heavy.  Then he threw his crown into the sea. Then the ship was light enough. Muzaffar Shah saw this as a sign. He promised himself he would never wear a crown again. This is why sultans wear tengkolok instead of metal crowns.

## Solek

There are many different ways to wear tengkolok. These different styles are called "solek." Each style also has its own special name. For example, the tengkolok worn by the _Yang di-Pertuan Agong_ during the ceremony in which the king is crowned king is called "Solek Dendam Tak Sudah" (Persistent Vengeance Style).

Each Malay king has their own unique style of tengkolok. For example, the Sultan of Selangor wears a golden yellow tengkolok called "Solek Balung Raja" (Royal Crest Style) during big events or their birthday.

## Cultural references

Architects built the National Library of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur to look like a tengkolok. Building makers Ikmal Hashim Albakri and Victor Chew made the library in 1994. They wanted the building to show people Malaysia's strong thinkers and culture.
Lyndhurst, New Zealand

**Lyndhurst** is a small settlement in the Ashburton District, New Zealand. It is situated 10 kilometers east of Methven. It had a primary school that opened in 1886 and closed in 1998 due to declining numbers, it is now a reserve on the former school grounds.
Ordinary Lives

"**Ordinary Lives**" is a 1989 written by Bee Gees and is the leading single from their 16th studio album _One_. It was dedicated to their younger brother Andy Gibb following his death in 1988. It went to number 54 in the United Kingdom, number 27 in the Netherlands, number 8 in Germany and number 19 in Austria.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ordinary Lives
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Bee Gees
- **album**: One (Bee Gees album), One
- **b-side**: Wing and a Prayer
- **released**: 27 March 1989
- **recorded**: April 1988
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 4:01
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Music
- **writer**: Barry Gibb, Barry, Robin Gibb, Robin & Maurice Gibb
- **producer**: Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Brian Tench
- **prev title**: E.S.P. (song), E.S.P.
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: One (Bee Gees song), One
- **next year**: 1989
International Purple Hijab Day

On **International Purple Hijab Day** (or **Global Hijab Day** or **Purple Hijab Day**), women wear purple hijabs to remember Aasiya Zubair, who was killed by her husband on February 12, 2009. The event also honors other people who have experienced in-home violence.

Muslim women who honor this day wear a purple hijab (a head covering or veil). Non-Muslims might wear the same thing, or they might use a purple headscarf, tie, hat, or Kufi.

Each year, the day occurs around February 12 - the day Zubair was killed. In 2024, it was observed on 10th of February.

## Background

Aasiya Zubair was an American Muslim who helped start Bridges TV, the first American Muslim TV channel. Her husband murdered her on February 12, 2009, a week after Zubair had asked for a divorce. After Zubair's murder, people found that her husband had been physically and emotionally harming her for many years.

Each year, near February 12, people do Purple Hijab Day to remember her. The first Purple Hijab Day was on February 13, 2010. They chose the color purple for sadness and sadness from death.

Aasiya Hadayai Majeed, who works at the Baitul Salaam Network (a group that works with women who have faced domestic violence), said that "[Zubair's] murder made Muslim communities start to talk about domestic violence more" and to discuss how to prevent it.

## Debates about Islam

Some people believe Islam allows men to harm women (though others disagree). However, others disagree.

The Baitul Salaam Network, which works with women who have been harmed by people in their homes, said:> One of the most ugly stereotypes is that Islam gives men the right to beat their wives.According to the Voice of Libyan Women (VLW), Islam teaches that Muslims should not harm others, and that there is a severe punishment in the afterlife for individuals who abuse other people, the land, the sea, or plant life.

The VLW wrote:> It has been argued many times that violence against women is allowed in Islam, however, this is a huge falsehood due to the misinterpretation and misuse of religion. Islam does not teach, accept, or allow abuse of any living thing.

## Related pages

- Islam and Clothing
- Islamic feminism
- Women and Islam

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: International Purple Hijab Day
- **type**: Islam
- **observedby**: Muslims against domestic violence
- **image**: Women in a Purple Hijab.jpg
- **caption**: women wearing a Purple Hijab
- **frequency**: annual
- **week ordinal**: second
- **weekday**: Saturday
- **month**: February
- **relatedto**: Global Pink Hijab Day
Gustav Putzendopler

**Gustav Putzendopler** (16 February 1894 - 20 November  1960) was an Austrian footballer and coach. He played in the 1910s as  midfielder for SK Rapid Wien. In the 1920s he played for FC Basel. He also played two matches for the Austrian national football team.

## Career

He played from 1913 till 1920, for SK Rapid Wien. During this time he won 5 champion titels an two cup titels. In 1920, he went to Switzerland and played for FC Basel.

## International

He debuted on 6 April 1919, in a away loss versus Hungary. His last match was on 5 October of the same year in a home win also versus Hungary.

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1"|Austria|1919|2|0|

## Honours

- 5 x Austrian champion (1912/13, 1915/16, 1916/17, 1918/19, 1919/20)
- 2 x Austrian Cup (1918/19, 1919/20)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gustav Putzendopler
- **fullname**: Gustav Putzendopler
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1913-1920
- **years2**: 1920-1927
- **clubs1**:  SK Rapid Wien
- **clubs2**: FC Basel
- **caps1**: 60
- **goals1**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 1919
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1927–1928
- **manageryears2**: 1930-1931
- **managerclubs1**: FC Mulhouse
- **managerclubs2**: FC Basel
Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg

**Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg** (23 February 1708 – 5 June 1752) was a prince in the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He is also known as Prince of Mirow. He never reigned.

Two of his sons, Adolf Friedrich (IV) and Charles (II) became regents of Mecklenburg. His daughter, Sophie Charlotte became the queen of Great Britain, after marrying George III.
Lilleküla Stadium

The **Lilleküla Stadium** (also known as **A. Le Coq Arena**) is a football stadium in Tallinn, Estonia. It has a capacity of 14,336, which makes it the largest football stadium in Estonia.

Lilleküla Stadium was the home stadium of football clubs Flora and Levadia and the Estonia national football team. It was used for the 2018 UEFA Super Cup and the 2012 UEFA European U19 Championship.

In 2002, A. Le Coq bought naming rights for the stadium.

## Other websites

- Lilleküla Stadium at Estonian Football Association
- Lilleküla Stadium at FC Flora

## Infobox (venue)

- **name**: Lilleküla Stadium
- **image**: Alecoq Arena 2008-10-11.jpg
- **address**: Jalgpalli 21
- **location**: Tallinn, Estonia
- **broke ground**: 2000
- **opened**: 2 June 2001
- **expanded**: 2016–2018
- **owner**: Estonian Football Association
- **operator**: Estonian Football Association
- **construction cost**: 131 million Estonian kroon, EEK (2002)
- **architect**: Haldo Oravas
- **tenants**: FC Flora (2001–present)
FCI Levadia Tallinn (2019–present)
Estonia national football team (2001–present)

- **capacity**: 14,336
Michael Costello

**Michael Costello** (born January 20, 1983) is an American fashion designer and reality television personality. He appeared on the eighth season of Project Runway and the first season of Project Runway All Stars.
Cultural anthropology

**Cultural anthropology** is a branch of ethnology that looks at groups of people, and the forms of culture they developed. Sometimes it is also seen as a branch of anthropology.

- Physical anthropology looks at humans, and how their physical features developed over time.
- Linguistic anthropology looks at the way people use to communicate with each other, and at how things like languages developed.
- Archaeology
- Cultural anthropology looks at what culture people developed, and how these are different
Biological interaction

In ecology, a **biological interaction** is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. Biological interactions affect the adaptation and evolution of the species involved. The interactions range from mutualism, beneficial to both partners, to competition, harmful to both partners. Interactions can be direct when there is physical contact  or indirect, through intermediaries such as shared resources, territories, ecological services, metabolic waste, toxins or growth inhibitors. This type of relationship can be shown by net effect based on individual effects on both organisms arising out of relationship.

Several recent studies have suggested non-trophic species interactions such as habitat modification and mutualisms can be important determinants of food web structures. However, it remains unclear whether these findings generalize across ecosystems, and whether non-trophic interactions affect food webs randomly, or affect specific trophic levels or functional groups.
FCI Levadia Tallinn

**FCI Levadia Tallinn**, also known as **FCI Levadia** or **Levadia**, is an Estonian football club from Tallinn. Its home ground is the Lilleküla Stadium.

The club was founded in 1998 in Maardu and moved to Tallinn in 2004. Levada has played in the Meistriliiga since the 1999 season. They have won 10 Meistriliiga titles, 10 Estonian Cups and 8 Estonian Supercups.

### League

- **Meistriliiga**
    - **Winners (11):** 1999, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2021, 2024
- **Esiliiga**
    - **Winners (1):** 1998

### Cups

- **Estonian Cup**
    - **Winners (10):** 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2017–18, 2020–21
- **Estonian Supercup**
    - **Winners (8):** 1999, 2000, 2001, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2022

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Levadia
- **image**: FC Levadia Tallinnin.png
- **image size**: 150px
- **fullname**: FCI Levadia Tallinn
- **ground**: Lilleküla Stadium
- **capacity**: 14,336
- **owntitle**: President
- **owner**: Viktor Levada
- **manager**: Curro Torres
- **league**: Meistriliiga
- **season**: 2024 Meistriliiga, 2024
- **position**: Meistriliiga, 1st of 10
- **pattern la1**: _macronalioth22gw
- **pattern b1**: _macronalioth22gw
- **pattern ra1**: _macronalioth22gw
- **pattern sh1**: _macronskara2223wg
- **leftarm1**: 008100
- **body1**: 008100
- **rightarm1**: 008100
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: FFFFFF
- **pattern la2**: _macronalioth22wg
- **pattern b2**: _macronalioth22wg
- **pattern ra2**: _macronalioth22wg
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: 008100
- **socks2**: 008100
- **website**: http://fcilevadia.ee
Divine providence

**Divine providence** is the idea that there is a higher being that influences the course of history. The idea is that the course of history is fixed. Usually, this clashes with the idea that people have a free will, and that by making choices, they influence history.

## Related pages

- Fate - people get what was allowed to them
- Determinism
Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe

**Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe** (before 2013: _Saint-Sulpice_) is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Aerial-saintsulpice(tarn).png
- **caption**: An aerial view of Saint-Sulpice
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Sulpice (Tarn).svg
- **arrondissement**: Castres
- **canton**: Les Portes du Tarn
- **insee**: 81271
- **postal code**: 81370
- **mayor**: Raphaël Bernardin
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Tarn-Agout
- **elevation min m**: 95
- **elevation max m**: 195
- **area km2**: 23.99
Saint-Salvi-de-Carcavès

**Saint-Salvi-de-Carcavès** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Salvy-de-la-Balme

**Saint-Salvy-de-la-Balme** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Sernin-lès-Lavaur

**Saint-Sernin-lès-Lavaur** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Sernin-lès-Lavaur
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Town hall of Saint-Sernin-les-Lavaur (1).jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Saint-Sernin-lès-Lavaur
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Sernin-lès-Lavaur (Tarn).svg
- **arrondissement**: Castres
- **canton**: Le Pastel
- **insee**: 81270
- **postal code**: 81700
- **mayor**: Patrice Biezus
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Sor et Agout
- **elevation min m**: 187
- **elevation max m**: 275
- **area km2**: 4.21
Saint-Urcisse, Tarn

**Saint-Urcisse** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Urcisse
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Urcisse (Tarn).svg
- **arrondissement**: Albi
- **canton**: Vignobles et Bastides
- **insee**: 81272
- **postal code**: 81630
- **mayor**: Marie-Claire Mate
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Gaillac-Graulhet
- **elevation min m**: 135
- **elevation max m**: 226
- **area km2**: 12.05
Paintbrush

A **paintbrush** is a tool that is used to apply paint or ink. On the one end, it has bristles, and on the other, it has a handle.

A paint brush is a simple tool made of a handle and a group of soft or firm bristles that hold and spread paint. The handle is usually wood or plastic, and the bristles can be natural hair or synthetic fibers. When you dip the bristles into paint, they absorb a small amount and let you apply it smoothly onto a surface like a wall, canvas, or wood.

You use a paint brush to create lines, fill areas, and control how the paint looks. Different brushes have different shapes and sizes, which give you different effects. A small brush is good for details, and a big one covers large areas faster. The brush basically acts like an extension of your hand so you can place the paint exactly where you want it.
Balistoides

***Balistoides*** is a genus of Indo-Pacific triggerfish.

## Species

- _Balistoides conspicillum_ <small>Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801</small> (Clown triggerfish)
- _Balistoides viridescens_ <small>Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801</small> (Titan triggerfish)

## References

1. <small>Matsuura, Keiichi (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". _Ichthyological Research_.</small>
1. <small>"Balistoides". _Encyclopedia of Life_.</small>
Clown triggerfish

The **clown triggerfish** (_Balistoides conspicillum_) is a triggerfish in the genus _Balistoides_. It is diurnal and will always defend its territory. It can be very aggressive with other fish or even humans.

The clown triggerfish is an easy fish to keep. It is easy to feed and acclimate. Like many other triggerfish, it needs a large aquarium and be aggressive towards other fish. This fish can't be put with smaller fish. In aquaria, it will prey on invertebrates.

Out of the 40 species of triggerfish, the clown triggerfish is the only one that is considered inedible.

## Description

The clown trigger can grow up to 50 cm (19.7 inches). Its body has an oval shape. The fish's body is also compressed, too. The first dorsal fin is erectile The second dorsal fin is similar in shape and size to the anal fin. It also has a pelvic fin. Around the mouth is a yellow ring.

## Diet/Food

_Balistoides conspicillum_ loves to feed on benthic organisms such as mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans.

## References

1. <small>Matsuura, Keiichi (2022). "_Balistoides conspicillum_". _IUCN Red List of Threatened Species_. Retrieved 9 December 2022.</small>
Le Sserafim

**Le Sserafim** (; ; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean girl group. They started on May 2, 2022. The group is made of five members: Sakura, Kim Chae-won, Huh Yun-jin, Kazuha and Hong Eun-chae. Kim Ga-ram was the sixth member, but she was forced by their label to leave the group on July 20, 2022. They make K-pop music under the labels Source Music (a subsidiary of ) and Geffen Records. The main concept of their music is confidence.

Some of the members were already famous before their debut in the group. Sakura is a Japanese actress and a past member of HKT48 (a sister group of AKB48). Sakura, Chaewon and Yunjin took part in the talent show _Produce 48_ to become members of Iz*One, but only Sakura and Chaewon won.

## Name

The group's name, Le Sserafim, is an anagram of the sentence "I'm Fearless". It is also a reference to  (a kind of angel). Their fans are called "Fearnots".

## Members

**Current members**
- Sakura Miyawaki (; )
- Kim Chae-won () – leader
- Huh Yun-jin ()
- Kazuha (; )
- Hong Eun-chae ()

**Past members**
- Kim Ga-ram ()

### Studio albums

- _Unforgiven_ (2023)

### Compilation albums

- _Easy-Crazy-Hot_ (2025)

### Extended plays

- _Fearless_ (2022)
- _Antifragile_ (2022)
- _Easy_ (2024)
- _Crazy_ (2024)
- _Hot_ (2025)

### Single albums

- _Spaghetti_ (2025)

## Music videos

- "Fearless" (2022)
- "Antifragile" (2022)
- "Impurities" (2022)
- "Fearless" <small>(Japanese version)</small> (2023)
- "Unforgiven" <small>( Nile Rodgers)</small> (2023)
- "Eve, Psyche & The Bluebeard's Wife" (2023)
- "Unforgiven" <small>(Japanese version feat. Nile Rodgers and Ado)</small> (2023)
- "Perfect Night" (2023)
- "Easy" (2024)
- "Smart" (2024)
- "Crazy" (2024)
- "Crazy" <small>(English version)</small> (2024)
- "Crazy" <small>(Japanese version)</small> (2024)
- "Hot" (2025)
- "Come Over" (2025)
- "Different" (2025)
- "Kawaii" (2025)
- "Spaghetti" <small>(feat. J-Hope)</small> (2025)
- "The Noise" <small>(with Yoasobi)</small> (2025)

## Related pages

- NewJeans – another girl group formed under Hybe in the same year

## Other websites

- Universal Music Japan artist profile
- LE SSERAFIM (official YouTube channel)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Le Sserafim
- **image**: 르세라핌 - 뮤직뱅크 출근길 직캠 MusicBank Fancam 220624.jpg
- **alt**: Image of Le Sserafim members smiling and making hearts together with their hands
- **caption**: Le Sserafim in June 2022
From left to right: Kazuha, Yunjin, Sakura, Chaewon, Eunchae
- **origin**: Seoul, South Korea
- **genre**: K-pop
- **years active**: –present
- **current members**: * Sakura
* Chaewon
* Yunjin
* Kazuha
* Eunchae
- **past members**: Garam
Medina, Texas

**Medina, Texas** may mean:
- Medina, Bandera County, Texas, an unincorporated community
- Medina, Zapata County, Texas, a census-designated place
- Medina County, Texas
Vieste

**Vieste** is a town and _comune_ in the Province of Foggia in the Apulia region in southeast Italy. The town is on the eastern tip of the Gargano peninsula. It is within the Gargano National Park. The economy is based on agriculture and fishing.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official tourism website

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Vieste
- **official name**: Comune di Vieste
- **image skyline**: Vieste - Panorama.jpeg
- **image shield**: Vieste-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Apulia
- **province**: Province of Foggia, Foggia (FG)
- **frazioni**: Pugnochiuso, Baia di Campi
- **mayor**: Giuseppe Nobiletti
- **area total km2**: 167.52
- **population total**: 13931
- **population as of**: 28 February 2017
- **population demonym**: Viestani
- **elevation m**: 43
- **saint**: Mary, mother of Jesus, Santa Maria di Merino, Saint George
- **day**: 9 May and 23 April
- **postal code**: 71019
- **area code**: 0884
Texas's 15th congressional district

**Texas's 15th congressional district** is a congressional district in the United States House of Representatives that includes South Texas.  The district's current representative is Republican Monica De La Cruz.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Texas
- **district number**: 15
- **image name**: Texas US Congressional District 15 (since 2021).tif
- **image width**: 400
- **image caption**: **Texas's 15th congressional district - since January 3, 2023.**
- **representative**: Monica De La Cruz
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Edinburg
- **percent urban**: 86.67
- **percent rural**: 13.33
- **population**: 776,813
- **population year**: 2022
- **median income**: $55,382
- **percent white**: 15.1
- **percent black**: 1.58
- **percent asian**: 1.17
- **percent native american**: 0.28
- **percent hispanic**: 81.87
- **cpvi**: R+1
Mattinata

**Mattinata** is a _comune_ in the Province of Foggia in the Apulia region in Italy. It is part of the Gargano National Park.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Mattinata
- **official name**: Comune di Mattinata
- **image skyline**: Mattinata2.JPG
- **image caption**: A view of Mattinata
- **image shield**: Mattinata-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Apulia
- **province**: Province of Foggia, Foggia (FG)
- **mayor party**: Noi Comunità
- **mayor**: Michele Bisceglia _(since 22/09/2020)_
- **area total km2**: 73.48
- **population total**: 6059
- **population as of**: 1 January 2021
- **population demonym**: Mattinatesi
- **elevation m**: 80
- **saint**: Our Lady of Light
- **day**: September 15
- **postal code**: 71030
- **area code**: 0884
Peschici

**Peschici** is a town and _comune_ in the Province of Foggia in the Apulia region in southeast Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Peschici
- **official name**: Comune di Peschici
- **image skyline**: Peschici alba.jpg
- **province**: (FG)
- **frazioni**: Manaccora, San Nicola
- **mayor**: Francesco Tavaglione
- **area total km2**: 49.39
- **population total**: 4491
- **population as of**: 28 February 2017
- **population demonym**: Peschiciani
- **elevation m**: 90
- **saint**: Elijah, St. Elijah
- **day**: 20 July
- **postal code**: 71010
- **area code**: 0884
Death Race 3: Inferno

***Death Race 3: Inferno*** is a 2013 American science fiction action movie directed by Roel Reiné and written by Tony Gigilo. It is the third installment in the _Death Race_ film series, and a sequel to _Death Race 2_ (2010) and a prequel to _Death Race_ (2008). The movie takes place between the second and first movie, and follows. It is also the third installment of the Death Race remake film series.

Death Race 3: Inferno was released on 2013 and received mixed reviews from critics. A fourth film, Death Race: Beyond Anarchy, serves as a direct sequel to the 2008 film Death Race, and was released in 2018.
Hanu-Man

***Hanu-Man*** (also marketed as ***HanuMan***) is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language superhero movie written and directed by Prasanth Varma and produced by K. Niranjan Reddy under Primeshow Entertainment. It stars Teja Sajja in the title role, alongside Amritha Aiyer, Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, Samuthirakani, Vinay Rai and Vennela Kishore. The movie is set in the fictional village of Anjanadri and is the first installment of the Prasanth Varma Cinematic Universe (PVCU). Set in a place called Anjanadri (believed to be the birthplace of Lord Hanuman), the movie follows the story of Hanumanthu, who gets the power of Lord Hanuman to save the people of Anjanadri, and faces off against Michael after coming in contact with a mysterious gem.

The movie was officially announced in May 2021. Principal photography commenced on 25 June 2021 in Hyderabad and was wrapped by mid-April 2023. The movie has music composed by GowraHari and Anudeep Dev; cinematography by Dasaradhi Sivendra; visual effects supervised by Venkat Kumar Jetty; and editing by Sai Babu Talari.

_Hanu-Man_ was released on 12 January 2024, on the occasion of Sankranti to positive reviews from critics praising Prashanth Varma's direction, screenwriting, cast performances, visualisation of Lord Hanuman, background score, VFX, production design, and action sequences. The movie broke several box-office records for a Telugu movie. The movie has grossed over  , emerging as the second highest-grossing Indian movie of 2024, highest-grossing Telugu movie of 2024 and the eighth highest-grossing Telugu movie worldwide. A sequel is in development.

## Cast

- Teja Sajja as Hanumanthu / Hanu-Man, Anjamma's brother
- Amritha Aiyer as Dr. Meenakshi
- Varalaxmi Sarathkumar as Anjamma, Hanumanthu's elder sister
- Samuthirakani as Vibhishana, King of Lanka
- Vinay Rai as Michael / Mega Man
- Vennela Kishore as Sirivennela "Siri", Michael's friend
- Raj Deepak Shetty as Gajapathi
- Satya as Gunneswara Rao, a shopkeeper
- Getup Srinu as Kaasi
- Rohini Noni as Meenakshi's friend
- Rakesh Master as Puli Raju, Gajapathi's henchman
- Sunishith as himself (cameo)
- Ravi Teja as Koti, a monkey (voice-over)

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Hanu-Man
- **director**: Prasanth Varma
- **screenplay**: Scriptsville
- **story**: Prasanth Varma
- **producer**: K. Niranjan Reddy
- **cinematography**: Dasaradhi Sivendra
- **editing**: Sai Babu Talari
- **studio**: Primeshow Entertainment
- **runtime**: 158 minutes
- **country**: India
- **language**: Telugu
- **budget**: crore
- **gross**: crores
Law and Justice

**Law and Justice** ( **PiS**) is a right-wing populist, far-right and national-conservative political party in Poland. Its chairman is Jarosław Kaczyński.

It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct successor of the Centre Agreement after it split from the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). It won the 2005 parliamentary and presidential elections. Lech became the president of Poland. It headed a parliamentary coalition with the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland between 2005 and the 2007 election. In 2007 it was second. It was the parliamentary opposition until 2015. It won the presidency in the 2015 election, and later won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. They kept the positions following the 2019 and 2020 election, but lost their majority following the 2023 Polish parliamentary election.  The  President Andrzej Duda is a PiS nominee.

At the start it was a centrist Christian democratic party.  Then it had more socially conservative views. It shifted to the right. Under Kaczyński's national-conservative and law and order agenda, it wanted economic interventionism. It has close relations with the Catholic Church, although in 2011, the Catholic-nationalist faction split off to form United Poland. During the 2010s, it also adopted right-wing populist positions. After regaining power, PiS gained popularity with transfer payments to families with children.

It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists, and on national-level, it heads the United Right coalition. In 2024 it had 163 seats in the Sejm and 34 in the Senate.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Law and Justice
- **native name**: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
- **abbreviation**: PiS
- **split**: Solidarity Electoral Action
- **chairman**: Jarosław Kaczyński
- **founders**: Lech Kaczyński
Jarosław Kaczyński
- **headquarters**: 84/86, 02-018 Warsaw
- **position**: Right-wing politics, Right-wing to far-right
- **membership**: 45,000 (2021 )
- **national**: United Right (Poland), United Right
- **european**: European Conservatives and Reformists Party
- **europarl**: European Conservatives and Reformists
- **colours**: Navy blue, Blue  White (colour), White  Red (colour), Red
- **seats1 title**: Seats in the Sejm
- **seats3 title**: Seats in the European Parliament
- **seats4 title**: Voivodeship sejmik, Regional assemblies
- **seats5 title**: Voivodes
- **seats6 title**: Voivodeship Marshals
- **country**: Poland
Firouzkouh

**Firouzkouh** () is a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Firouzkouh County.
Damavand

**Damavand** a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Damavand County. The city and county are named after Mount Damavand, which is the tallest mountain in Iran and Western Asia.
Eslamshahr

**Eslamshahr** () is a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Eslamshahr County.
Nazarabad

**Nazarabad** () is a city in Alborz province, Iran. It is the capital of Nazarabad County.
Pakdasht

**Pakdasht** () is a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Pakdasht County.
Robat Karim

**Robat Karim** () is a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Robat Karim County.
Hashtgerd

**Hashtgerd** () is a city in Alborz province, Iran. It is the capital of Savojbolagh County.
Shahriar, Tehran province

**Shahriar** () is a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Shahriar County.
Varamin

**Varamin** () is a city in Tehran province, Iran. It is the capital of Varamin County.
Polypedates occidentalis

The **Charpa tree frog** or **Nagercoil whipping frog** (_Polypedates occidentalis_) is a frog.  It lives in India. People have seen it in the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve and Charpa Forest Range in Kerala.  People have seen it between 100 and 1100 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests, both forests that have never been cut down and forests that have been cut down and then grew back. It can also live on farms and in places where humans live.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place, but they believe people are changing the place where it lives.

Scientists say this frog is related to _P. cruciger_, _P. pseudocruciger_, and _P. maculatus_.
Friulian language

**Friulian** (or **Friulano** in Italian) is a Romance language spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy. It belongs to the Rhaeto-Romance language family.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Friulian
- **states**: Italy
- **region**: Friuli
- **ethnicity**: Friulians
- **speakers**: Regular speakers: 420,000
- **date**: 2014
- **speakers2**: Total: 600,000 (2014)
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam8**: or
- **iso2**: fur
- **iso3**: fur
- **glotto**: friu1240
- **glottorefname**: Friulian
- **lingua**: 51-AAA-m
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Friulian alphabet)
- **agency**: Agjenzie regjonâl pe lenghe furlane [http://www.arlef.it/]
- **notice**: IPA
- **map**: Friulian_Language_distribution.png