juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
TR-069

**TR-069** is a protocol that is mainly used for the communication with end-user devices, such as DSL modems. The number of such devices is rising steadily, and they are often very difficult to configure. For that reason, TR-069 allows to configure these modems remotely. This also poses problems, because it allows to change the configuration the managed device as well as other devices, which may be behind a firewall. Since the users are not aware of the configuration changes, TR-069 can be used to introduce a backdoor. This backdoor might allow a "remote search" by police or legal authorities of a country.

## TR069 Open source implementations

- EasyCwmp opensource implementation of the TR069 cwmp client developed with C/SHELL

## Other websites

- TR-069 Issue 1 Amendment 6 CPE WAN Management Protocol v1.4
- CPE WAN Management Protocol CWMP XML Schemas and Data Model Definitions
- Marketing Report  TR-069 Deployment Scenarios, Issue: 1, August 2010
- Specification of Technical Report 069 Specification of Technical Report 069
- TR-069 Protocol vs. SNMP Protocol
- CPE Requirements for TR-069 Interoperability
Backdoor (computing)

In computing, a **backdoor** is a way of bypassing security mechanisms to gain access to a resource that is otherwise secured. Backdoors give illegal access to an otherwise secured resource. A common example for  a backdoor is the existence of _default_ passwords which can be used to access the BIOS of a computer. Very often, special programs that run on a computer provide the functionality of a backdoor.

## List of known backdoors in standards

- the MD2 algorithm was found in the 1996 announcement of RFC6149 to have a backdoor
- Ron Rivest's MD4 hash was found in the 2011 announcement of RFC6150 to have a backdoor
- Rivest's MD5 hash was shown to have several weaknesses in 1996 by Hans Dobbertin
- SHA-0 (aka FIPS-180) was withdrawn after CRYPTO '98
- SHA-1 (aka FIPS-180-1) was shown to be attackable in 2005 by Eli Biham and co-authors, as well as Vincent Rijmen and Elisabeth Oswald
- The Dual_EC_DRBG cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator was revealed in 2013 to have a kleptographic backdoor deliberately inserted by NSA, who also had the private key to the backdoor.
Manoel de Oliveira

**Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira** <small>GCSE, GCIH</small> (; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese director and screenwriter. At the age of 106, he is thought to be the second oldest movie director, just behind George Abbott at 107.

Manoel de Oliveira was born in Cedofeita, Porto and was raised as a Roman Catholic. He began making movies in 1927.

Oliveira married Maria Carvalhais on 4 December 1940. They have four children together that were all born in the 1940s. When he was younger, Oliveira competed as a race car driver.

He was also an athlete competing in the pole vault event.

de Oliveira died on 2 April 2015 in Porto from heart failure, aged 106.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Manoel de Oliveira
- **image**: Manoel de Oliveira 3 juillet 2008-2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Manoel de Oliveira in July 2008.
- **birth name**: Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira
- **birth place**: Porto, Portugal
- **death place**: Porto, Portugal
- **occupation**: Director, screenwriter
- **children**: 4
- **years active**: 1927–2014
Alison Brie

**Alison Brie Schermerhorn** (born December 29, 1982), better known by her stage name **Alison Brie**, is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Annie Edison on the NBC sitcom _Community_ and Trudy Campbell on the AMC drama _Mad Men_. She has also been in movies such as _Scream 4_ (2011), _The Five-Year Engagement_ (2012), and as Princess Unikitty in _The Lego Movie_ (2014) and _The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part_ (2019).

Brie was born in Hollywood, California. Her mother is Jewish and her father is of Dutch, Irish, and Scottish origin. She started acting in 2004 at the Jewish Community Center in Southern California. She lives in Los Angeles. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the California Institute of the Arts in 2005. Before she was a movie actress, Brie worked as a clown at birthday parties. She also performed in theater in California. Brie also studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Scotland.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alison Brie
- **image**: Alison Brie 2018.png
- **caption**: Alison Brie
- **birth name**: Alison Brie Schermerhorn
- **birth place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 2004–present
Avivore

An **avivore** is an animal that mostly preys on and eats birds. Birds that eats other birds, such as hawks, eagles, and falcons, are called **avian avivores**.

## Related pages

- Bird
- Bird of prey
Nicholas Winton

**Sir Nicholas George Winton** <small>MBE</small> (born **Nicholas George Wertheim**; 19 May 1909 – 1 July 2015) was a English-born Jewish stockbroker, banker, and humanitarian of German descent, who saved the lives of many Czech Jewish children from 14 March to 2 August 1939, by transporting them from Czechia to Sweden and England. He was also known as the "British Schindler". The transports lasted almost five (5) months, in total.
He was never awarded _Righteous Among The Nations_ by the Yad Vashem, because he never risked his lives to save the Jews, which would actually be against one of the policies required by the Yad Vashem in Israel. For all of his actions and responsibilities, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, for his service, in the year, 2003.

Winton was born in Hampstead, London, England. His parents were German Jews. The family later became Christians and Winton was baptised. In 1923, he began studying at Stowe School. He married Grete Gjelstrup, a woman of Danish origin, in 1948. They were married until Gjelstrup's death in 1999. They had three children together, Nicholas, Barbara and Robin.

Winton died from respiratory failure on 1 July 2015 in Slough, Berkshire, aged 106.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sir Nicholas Winton
Order of the British Empire, MBE
- **image**: Nicholas Winton in Prague.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Winton in Prague photographed on 10 October 2007.
- **birth name**: Nicholas George Wertheim
- **birth place**: Hampstead, London, England
- **death place**: Slough, Berkshire, England
- **other names**: Nicholas George Wortham
- **alma mater**: Stowe School
- **occupation**: Humanitarian
- **spouse**: (her death)
- **children**: 3
- **website**: http://www.nicholaswinton.com/
- **years active**: 1938–2015
Egan, South Dakota

**Egan** is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 241 people lived there at the 2020 census. Egan became a city in 1881.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Egan, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Moody_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Egan_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Moody County, South Dakota, Moody County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Moody County, South Dakota, Moody
- **leader title2**: Mayor
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1881
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.76
- **area land km2**: 2.76
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.07
- **area land sq mi**: 1.07
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 241
- **population density km2**: 87.18
- **population density sq mi**: 225.87
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1529
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57024
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-18460
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267377
Trent, South Dakota

**Trent** is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 206 people lived there at the 2020 census. Trent became a city in 1884.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Trent, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Moody County South Dakota Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Trent Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Moody County, South Dakota, Moody County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Moody County, South Dakota, Moody
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1884
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.70
- **area land km2**: 2.70
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.04
- **area land sq mi**: 1.04
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 206
- **population density km2**: 76.34
- **population density sq mi**: 197.70
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1499
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57065
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-63940
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267603
Ward, South Dakota

**Ward** is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Moody County, and 34 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ward, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Moody_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ward_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Moody County, South Dakota, Moody County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Moody County, South Dakota, Moody
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.75
- **area land km2**: 0.75
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.29
- **area land sq mi**: 0.29
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 34
- **population density km2**: 45.17
- **population density sq mi**: 116.84
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1755
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-68660
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267624
Maicon (footballer, born May 1988)

**Maicon Pereira de Oliveira** (8 May 1988 – 8 February 2014) commonly known as **Maicon**, was a Brazilian footballer. He played for the Ukrainian club Illichivets on loan from Shakhtar Donetsk. He operated as a striker.

Maicon died in a car accident in Donetsk on 8 February 2014, aged 25.
Jomo Kenyatta

**Jomo Kenyatta**<sup>pron.</sup> (20 October 1893 – 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan politician. He was the leader of Kenya from independence in 1963 to his death in 1978. He served first as Prime Minister (1963–64) and then as President (1964–78). He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation.

As President, Kenyatta was against socialism and worked with the United Kingdom and the United States in the Cold War. He also was criticized within Kenya for corruption. He suffered a heart attack in 1966, and eventually died on 22 August 1978 from complications of a stroke, aged 83–84. His son Uhuru Kenyatta is the former president of the country.

## Other websites

- Jomo Kenyatta sworn in as President - 1964 newsreel
- Mzee Jomo Kenyatta
- Famous People in Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jomo Kenyatta
- **image**: Jomo Kenyatta 1966-06-15.jpg
- **caption**: Kenyatta in 1966
- **order**: List of heads of state of Kenya, 1st
- **office**: President of Kenya
- **term start**: 12 December 1964
- **term end**: 22 August 1978
- **vicepresident**: Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
 Joseph Zuzarte Murumbi
 Daniel arap Moi
- **successor**: Daniel arap Moi
- **order2**: 1st
- **office2**: Prime Minister of Kenya
- **term start2**: 1 June 1963
- **term end2**: 12 December 1964
- **monarch2**: Elizabeth II
- **birthname**: Kamau wa Ngengi
- **birth date**: 20 October 1893
- **birth place**: Gatundu, East Africa Protectorate, British East Africa
- **death date**: 22 August 1978 (aged 84)
- **death place**: Mombasa, Coast Province, Coast, Kenya
- **restingplace**: Nairobi, Kenya
- **nationality**: Kenyan
- **party**: Kenya African National Union, KANU
- **spouse**: Grace Wahu (m. 1919)
 Edna Clarke (1942–1946)
 Grace Wanjiku (d.1950)
 Ngina Kenyatta, Mama Ngina (1951–1978)
- **alma mater**: London School of Economics  University College London  University of the Toilers of the East
World history

**World history** may mean:

- Human history
- History of the Earth
- Universal history
Daniel arap Moi

**Daniel Toroitich arap Moi** (2 September 1924 – 4 February 2020) was a Kenyan politician. He served as the 2nd President of Kenya from 1978 to 2002. He also served as the country's 3rd Vice President from 1967 to 1978.

Moi was popularly known to Kenyans as "Nyayo", a Swahili word for "footsteps". He earned this name because they thought he was following the footsteps of the first President.

Moi was born in Kurieng'wo village, Sacho division, Baringo County on 2 September 1924.

Moi died at a Nairobi hospital on 4 February 2020 at the age of 95. He had Alzheimer's disease and was recently hospitalized for multiple organ failure.

## Other websites

- Moi Africa Institute
- State House Kenya  Profile of Daniel Toroitich arap Moi

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Daniel arap Moi
- **image**: Daniel arap Moi 1979b.jpg
- **imagesize**: 245px
- **order**: List of heads of state of Kenya, 2nd
- **office**: President of Kenya
- **term start**: 22 August 1978
- **term end**: 30 December 2002
- **vicepresident**: Mwai Kibaki
Josephat Karanja
George Saitoti
Musalia Mudavadi
- **predecessor**: Jomo Kenyatta
- **successor**: Mwai Kibaki
- **order2**: 3rd
- **office2**: Vice President of Kenya
- **term start2**: 5 January 1967
- **term end2**: 22 August 1978
- **president2**: Jomo Kenyatta
- **predecessor2**: Joseph Murumbi
- **successor2**: Mwai Kibaki
- **office3**: Member of Parliament (Kenya), Member of Parliament
 for Baringo Central Constituency, Baringo Central
- **term start3**: 1966
- **term end3**: 2002
- **successor3**: Gideon Moi
- **birthname**: Daniel Toroitich arap Moi
- **birth place**: Sacho, Kenya Colony
- **death place**: Nairobi, Kenya
- **nationality**: Kenyan
- **party**: Kenya African National Union, KANU
- **otherparty**: Kenya African Democratic Union, KADU (1960–1964)
- **spouse**: Lena Moi (d. 2004)
- **relations**: Kimoi arap Chebii <Small>(Father)</small>
William Tuitoek Moi <small>(brother)</small>
- **alma mater**: Tambach Teachers Training College
- **profession**: Teacher
- **signature**: Arap moi Signature.svg
- **nickname**: Nyayo
Sean Edwards

**Sean Lawrence Guy Edwards** (6 December 1986 – 15 October 2013) was an English racing driver. He was best known for  winning the 24 Hours Nürburgring in May 2013 as a co-driver.

Edwards was born in London on 6 December 1986 and was of Irish and Welsh origin. His father was racing driver Guy Edwards. He studied at both Wellington College and Cherwell College in Oxford. At the time of his death, he lived in Monte Carlo, Monaco with his girlfriend, Laura.

Sean Edwards was killed in a crash during a private session on 15 October 2013, aged 26, at the Queensland Raceway in Willowbank, Queensland, Australia. He was outlived by his girlfriend and his family. The Sean Edwards Foundation, a foundation that aims to grow circuit safety, was set up after his death.

## Other websites

- The Sean Edwards Foundation
Mykola Azarov

**Mykola Yanovych Azarov** (; Russian: Никола́й Я́нович Азaров, _Nikolay Yanovich Azarov_; né **Pakhlo**; Cyrillic: Пахло; born 17 December 1947) is a Ukrainian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Ukraine from 11 March 2010 to 27 January 2014. He was the First Vice Prime Minister and Finance Minister from 2002 to 2005 and again from 2006 to 2007.

Azarov was born in Kaluga on 17 December 1947 in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, to a mixed Estonian-Russian family.

## Other websites

- Web page of Mykola Azarov

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mykola Azarov
- **image**: Mykola Azarov 27 April 2010-1.jpeg
- **office**: 14th Prime Minister of Ukraine
- **president**: Viktor Yanukovych
- **deputy**: Andriy Klyuyev
Valeriy Khoroshkovskyi
Serhiy Arbuzov
- **term start**: 11 March 2010
- **term end**: 28 January 2014
- **predecessor**: Yulia Timoshenko
- **successor**: Serhiy Arbuzov
- **president1**: Leonid Kuchma
- **term start1**: 5 January 2005
- **term end1**: 24 January 2005

- **predecessor1**: Viktor Yanukovych
- **successor1**: Yulia Tymoshenko
- **president2**: Leonid Kuchma
- **term start2**: 7 December 2004
- **term end2**: 28 December 2004

- **predecessor2**: Viktor Yanukovych
- **successor2**: Viktor Yanukovych
- **office3**: Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine
- **primeminister3**: Viktor Yanukovych
- **term start3**: 4 August 2006
- **term end3**: 18 December 2007
- **predecessor3**: Stanislav Stashevsky
- **successor3**: Oleksandr Turchynov
- **primeminister4**: Viktor Yanukovych
Yulia Tymoshenko
- **term start4**: 26 November 2002
- **term end4**: 3 February 2005
- **predecessor4**: Oleh Dubyna
- **successor4**: Anatoliy Kinakh
- **office5**: Ministry of Finance (Ukraine), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister5**: Viktor Yanukovych
- **term start5**: 4 August 2006
- **term end5**: 18 December 2007
- **predecessor5**: Viktor Pynzenyk
- **successor5**: Viktor Pynzenyk
- **primeminister6**: Viktor Yanukovych
Yulia Tymoshenko
- **term start6**: 26 November 2002
- **term end6**: 3 February 2005
- **predecessor6**: Ihor Yushko
- **successor6**: Viktor Pynzenyk
- **birthname**: Nikolai Yanovich Pakhlo
- **birth place**: Kaluga, Soviet Union

- **party**: Civic Congress of Ukraine
Party of Labor
Party of Regions
- **spouse**: Lyudmyla Azarova
- **children**: Alexei
- **alma mater**: Moscow State University
María de Villota

**María de Villota Comba** (13 January 1979 – 11 October 2013) was a Spanish racing driver.

María de Villota was born in Madrid on 13 January 1980. She was the daughter of former Formula One driver Emilio de Villota. She was also the sister of Emilio de Villota, Jr., who also competed in Formula Palmer Audi. Before her death, de Villota was recovering from serious injuries on her head and face. These was caused by a straight-line testing accident at the Duxford Aerodrome in Duxford, Cambridgeshire, England on 3 July 2012. She married Rodrigo García Millán, a personal trainer and owner of Oxigeno Training, on 28 July 2013 in Seville. They got married less than three months before her death.

María de Villota died from a heart failure on 11 October 2013. She died in a hotel room in Seville, at the age of 33. Her death was said to have been caused by the accident she had in 2012. She was outlived by her husband and her family.
G. Spencer-Brown

**George Spencer-Brown** (2 April 1923 – 25 August 2016) was an English polymath. He was best known  as the author of _Laws of Form_. He described himself as a "mathematician, consulting engineer, psychologist, educational consultant and practitioner, consulting psychotherapist, author, and poet."

## Other websites

- G Spencer-Brown: Laws of Form , website with Tutorial, Flash animations, downloads.
- Richard Shoup's website devoted to Spencer-Brown, his work, and related ideas. Includes an extensive bibliography of the secondary literature on _Laws of Form_.
- Brief bio of G. Spencer-Brown.
- Draw a distinction... The space of imagination based on Spencer-Brown.
- Kauffman, Louis H., "Reformulating the Map Color Theorem".
- Transcript of Spencer-Brown's talks at Esalen, 1973.
- http://iconicmath.com/

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: G. Spencer-Brown
- **birth name**: George Spencer-Brown
- **birth place**: Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England
- **occupation**: Mathematician
- **alma mater**: Trinity College, Cambridge
Henry W. Bloch

**Henry Wollman Bloch** (July 30, 1922 – April 23, 2019) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the co-founder and (since 2000) the chairman of the American tax-preparation company H&R Block. Henry and his brother, Richard Bloch, founded H&R Block in 1955 in Kansas City, Missouri.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Henry W. Bloch
- **birth name**: Henry Wollman Bloch
- **birth place**: Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- **death place**: Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- **education**: Southwest Early College Campus, Southwest High School
- **alma mater**: University of Michigan
University of Missouri–Kansas City
- **occupation**: Founder and businessman
- **spouse**: Marion Helzberg
- **children**: Robert Bloch
 Thomas Bloch
 Mary Jo Bloch Brown
 Elizabeth Bloch Uhlmann
- **relatives**: Richard Bloch (brother)
 Leon Bloch (brother)
Jim Rogers

**James Beeland "Jim" Rogers, Jr.** (born October 19, 1942) is an American businessman, investor and author. Rogers is the Chairman of Rogers Holdings and Beeland Interests, Inc. He was the co-founder of the Quantum Fund and creator of the Rogers International Commodities Index (RICI).

## Other websites

- The Millennium Adventure, Official Jim Rogers website
- Jim Rogers News Blog
- Jim Rogers Latest News  Hedge Journals
- Jim Rogers blog
- The Fall-in-Love Fortune Cookie Singapore ver 2min8sec

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jim Rogers
- **image**: Jim-rogers-madrid-160610.jpg
- **caption**: Rogers in Madrid during an interview in 2010.
- **birth name**: James Beeland Rogers, Jr.
- **citizenship**: United States
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- **occupation**: Chairman of Rogers Holdings and Beeland Interests, Inc.
Co-founder of the Quantum Group of Funds, Quantum Fund
- **alma mater**: Balliol College, Oxford
Yale University
- **website**: [http://www.jimrogers.com/ www.jimrogers.com]
Richard Bloch

**Richard Adolf Bloch** (February 15, 1926 – July 21, 2004) was an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is best known for starting the H&R Block tax preparation and personal finance company with his older brother Henry in 1955.  His personal experience with cancer led him to invest in helping others fight and overcome the disease.

Bloch died of heart failure on July 21, 2004 at the age of 78. He was survived by his wife, Annette, daughters Linda Lyon, Barbara Stanny and Nancy Linsely and ten grandchildren.

## Other websites

- Bloch Cancer Foundation

## Related pages

- Henry Hillman
- John C. Bogle
- Kenneth Langone

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Adolf Bloch
- **birth date**: 15 February 1926
- **death date**: 21 July 2004
- **occupation**: Entrepreneur
John Eleuthère du Pont

**John Eleuthère du Pont** (22 November 1938 – 9 December 2010) was an American convicted murderer. He was a multimillionaire and member of the prominent du Pont family.

## Early life

John E. du Pont was born on 22 November 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents were businessman William du Pont, Jr. and to Jean Liseter Autin. He studied at Haverford School, at the University of Miami, and at Villanova University.

## Early career

He was an ornithologist and conchologist, publishing several books on birds; a philatelist, coach, and sports enthusiast. As a philanthropist, he founded and directed the Delaware Museum of Natural History, which opened in 1972. He also contributed to Villanova University and other institutions.

## Dave Schultz's murder

On 26 January 1996, du Pont was seen shooting Dave Schultz dead in the driveway of Schultz's home on du Pont's  estate. Schultz's wife Nancy and du Pont's head of security were present and witnessed the crime. The security chief was sitting in the passenger seat of du Pont's car when du Pont fired three bullets into Schultz. Police did not establish a motive. Schultz was a longtime friend of du Pont who had repeatedly tried to help him, but shot him after he reportedly said Schultz did not like du Pont.

## Personal life

John E. du Pont married Gale Wenk in 1983. They annulled their marriage ninety days later.

## Death

John E. du Pont died on 9 December 2010 in Somerset, Pennsylvania from COPD, aged 72. Du Pont was buried in his red Foxcatcher wrestling singlet, in accordance with his will.

## Pop culture

J. E. du Pont is portrayed by Steve Carell in the 2014 movie _Foxcatcher_.

## Other websites

- "LIFE photos" , LIFE, US Olympic pentathlete, August 1967.
- "flickr", Collector, May 2008.
- "How About At Your Place?" Said the Colonel", _LIFE_, Aug 4, 1967

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Eleuthère du Pont
- **image**: John du Pont at the University of Pennsylvania.jpg
- **caption**: John du Pont at the University of Pennsylvania
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Somerset, Pennsylvania
- **education**: Haverford School (1957)
B.S., University of Miami (1965)
Ph.D., Villanova University (1973)
- **spouse**: annulled after 90 days
- **parents**: William du Pont, Jr.,
Jean Liseter Austin
Base (geometry)

In plane geometry, the **base** is the side on which a polygon rests on, and which is used as a referenced side for other measurements. The base of a triangle or quadrilateral is often written as . It is used in the calculation of the area of a triangle and parallelogram.

Many geometric shapes of more than two dimensions are constructed by using regular two-dimensional shapes. For example, a tetrahedron is constructed with four triangles, and a cube with six squares. In that context, the shape that is used for construction is called base. The triangle is the base of the tetrahedron, and the square is the base of the cube.

However, there are also geometric figures that are constructed using different shapes. A pyramid, for example. uses one rectangle and four triangles.  In that context, the rectangle is said to be the base of the shape. A cylinder uses a circle or an ellipse as a base.

## Related pages

- Altitude
Satya Nadella

**Satya Narayana Nadella** (; born August 19, 1967) is an Indian-American businessman. Since 4 February 2014, he has been the chief executive officer (CEO) of Microsoft.

Satya was born in Bukkapuram, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh to a Telugu family. After moving to the United States, he earned an Master of Science in Computer Science from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He married Anupama in 1992 and they live together with their three children in Bellevue, Washington.

## Other websites

- Satya Nadella: Chief Executive Officer
Heinävesi

**Heinävesi** is a municipality in North Karelia, Finland. It had almost 3,710 living there in August 2013. The municipalities next to it are Savonlinna, Varkaus, Leppävirta, Tuusniemi, Outokumpu and Liperi.

The most notable lakes in the area are Kermajärvi and Juojärvi. Both are very clean and bright.

## Other websites

- The official Heinävesi page
Tuusniemi

**Tuusniemi** is a municipality in Finland. More than 2,800 people lived there in August 2013. The municipalities next to it are Heinävesi, Juankoski, Kaavi, Kuopio, Leppävirta and Outokumpu.

## History

Between 1904 and 1975 there was an asbestos mine in Paakkila village. It was closed because workers died earlier than others.

## Other websites

- The official Tuusniemi page
History of technology

The **history of technology** is the history of the invention of tools and techniques, and is similar in many ways to the history of humanity.

People make new things and, conversely, many scientific endeavors are possible through technologies. Technology lets us travel to places we could not otherwise go, and probe the nature of the universe in more detail than our natural senses allow.

Technological artifacts are products of an economy, a force for economic growth, and a large part of everyday life. Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a society's cultural traditions. They also are a means to develop and project military power.

What are the great technologies?
- The hand axe: used for about 1.5 million years, from _Homo erectus_ to neolithic man. Basically a tool for butchering large animals which were probably killed by wooden spears. Not for nothing did a curator at the British Museum use the phrase _Man the Toolmaker_.
- Fire, which would have occurred naturally in the drier environments of the savannah. The date of the first deliberate use of fire for warmth, protection and cooking is not known.
- The city: we can date this to about 8,000 years ago in the fertile crescent.
- Writing: the means of trade, education and cultural transmission from one generation to another. About 3300 BC.
Ii

**II** (or **ii**) is the Roman numeral for two.

**II**, **Ii** or **ii** can also refer to:

- ii, a digraph in certain alphabets
- Ii, Finland, a municipality of Finland
- Illegal immigrant
- Optic nerve, second cranial nerve
- Yi language (ISO 639 alpha-2, **ii**)
- _Led Zeppelin II_, an album from 1969
- Inanimate Insanity, YouTube independent-animated web series
Aidos

**Aidos** () was the Greek goddess of shame, modesty and humility. She was a close friend of the goddess Nemesis. One source calls her the daughter of Prometheus.

Aidos is often considered to be more of a personification than a physical goddess. She was said to be the feeling of reverence that stops men from doing bad things. She was also said to be a feeling of shame that a rich person might get when they saw poor people.

She is spoken about in some early Greek plays, such as _Prometheus Bound_ by Aeschylus, _Iphigenia at Aulis_ by Euripides, and _Oedipus Rex_ by Sophocles.

There were altars to Aidos in Athens and in Lacedaemon.

## More reading

- _Mythology_ by Edith Hamilton
I Believe I Can Fly

"**I Believe I Can Fly**" is a song written, produced, and performed by American R&B musician R. Kelly. It was originally released on November 26, 1996. It was also featured on the soundtrack to the movie _Space Jam_ in 1996. It later appeared in Kelly's album _R._ in 1998. The song peaked at number one in many countries around the world. The song won three Grammy Awards out of five nominations.

## Background and composition

In a 2013 interview with The Boombox, R. Kelly was asked about the creative process behind the song: "When I met Michael Jordan on a basketball court at an athletic club — we hooped together in Chicago — he came to me and asked me if I wanted to do a song for his upcoming movie," Kelly said. "I was like, 'Yeah!' I didn't even ask what it was. [Eventually] he let me know what it was, we went to a screening to watch it and that's when I ended up coming up with 'I Believe I Can Fly'. I knew from the first melody that was gonna be the song that was gonna take me out of R&B and into another genre of music." "I Believe I Can Fly" has a moderately slow tempo of 60 beats per minute, based on common time, and is written in the key of C major (with a key change to D major). Kelly's vocal range spans from the low note of E<sub>3</sub> to the high note of A<sub>4</sub>.

## Parodies

- In the 1999 episode "The Best of Both Worlds" of the Nickelodeon animated television series _KaBlam!_, in the _Life with Loopy_ segment, the song was spoofed - in name only - as "I (Don't) Believe I Can Fly."
- In the 2012 episode "Food Battle 2012" of the webseries _Smosh_, the song was spoofed as "I Believe I’m Able to Fly." It also appeared on the 2015 episode "EVERY CAT EVER".
- In 2013, the song was parodied by sports radio show _Tim & Sid_, spoofing the song as "I Believe in Masai", in reference to Toronto Raptors General Manager Masai Ujiri.
- In 2016, the song was parodied as "I'm Convinced I Can Swim" by "Art Smelly" from the soundtrack to the hit film _Earth Jelly_ in an episode of _Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I Believe I Can Fly
- **type**: single
- **artist**: R. Kelly
- **album**: Space Jam (soundtrack), Space Jam: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture  R. (R. Kelly album), R.
- **studio**: Battery (Chicago, Illinois)
- **genre**: * Contemporary R&B, R&B
* Soul music, soul
* Gospel music, gospel
- **length**: * 5:20 (album version)
* 4:42 (radio edit)
- **label**: * Jive Records, Jive
* Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: R. Kelly, Robert Kelly
- **producer**: R. Kelly
- **prev title**: I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Gotham City (song), Gotham City
- **next year**: 1997
Ignition (Remix)

"**Ignition (Remix)**" is a song by R&B singer R. Kelly. It was released as a single in 2003. It peaked at number two in the U.S. _Billboard_ Hot 100 and number one in the UK Singles Chart. It also peaked at number one in some other countries. The song has been received quite well and was a commercial success. It is ranked as one of the best songs ever by _Rolling Stone_.
North Savo

**Northern Savonia** or **North Savo** () is a region in eastern Finland. The largest city in the region is Kuopio.

Neighbouring regions are Central Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, North Karelia and Southern Savonia.

## Other websites

- Official website
Brad Maddox

**Tyler Kluttz** (born May 4, 1984 in Tega Cay, South Carolina) is an American professional wrestler and referee. He is best known for his time working for the WWE under the ring name **Brad Maddox**. He acted as the General Manager of _Raw_.

## Career

On the August 20, 2012 episode of _Raw_, Kluttz debuted on the main roster and refereed a Divas battle royal. At Hell in a Cell, he refereed the main event between CM Punk and Ryback for the WWE Championship. Maddox turned heel for the first time when he gave Ryback a low blow and then fast-counted a pin for Punk which helped Punk retain his title.

On the July 8 episode of _Raw_, Vickie Guerrero was fired when the fans voted that she had failed in her role of Raw Managing Supervisor. Maddox was then named as the new General Manager of Raw.

## Championships

- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Briley Pierce (one) and Rick Victor (one))
    - FCW 15 Championship (one time)
- '''Ohio Valley Wrestling
    - OVW Television Championship (one time)
    - OVW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Brad Maddox
- **image**: Brad Maddox 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Maddox on _WWE Raw_; February 18, 2013
- **names**: Brad Maddox
Brent Wellington
Brent "Beef" Wellington
- **birth place**: Tega Cay, South Carolina, Tega Cay, South Carolina
- **billed**: **Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina**
- **trainer**: Joey Matthews
Rip Rogers
Nightmare Danny Davis, Danny Davis
Dr. Tom Prichard
- **debut**: 2008
Paul Heyman

**Paul Heyman** (born September 11, 1965) is an American professional wrestling manager. He is currently working for WWE. He has also worked as a promoter, commentator, and journalist.

He is best known as the owner and creator of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). He also worked in World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

## Career

On the May 7, 2012 episode of _Raw_, Heyman returned to the WWE as Brock Lesnar's legal advisor. When Lesnar left, Heyman aligned himself with CM Punk on the September 3 episode of _Raw_ when he was seen driving a car which Punk entered. He managed Punk until Money in the Bank when Heyman turned on Punk by smashing him with a ladder while he was climbing up another ladder. He returned on the December 30th edition of Raw and returned to being the manager of Brock Lesnar.

On April 6, 2014, Heyman was the manager of Lesnar when Lesnar conquered The Undertaker's undefeated streak at WrestleMania XXX. This was the first loss at WrestleMania. Paul Heyman also became the manager of Cesaro, who revealed himself to be a "Paul Heyman guy" on the following episode of _Raw_.

When Roman Reigns returned at SummerSlam 2020, **Paul Heyman** decided that he was siding with him on the following _SmackDown_ episode. Reigns accepted, but only if Reigns signed the contract and defeated both Bray Wyatt and Braun Strowman in a Triple Threat match for the Universal Championship at Payback, then Paul would be officially Roman Reigns' **Special Council** or **Wise Man.** Reigns won the match and the title. To this day, Paul Heyman is still Reigns' Wise Man.

On April 5, 2024, Heyman was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Roman Reigns.

## Awards and accomplishments

- ***Inside The Ropes Magazine***
    - Manager of the Year (2020)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Faction of the Year (2022) – with The Bloodline
    - Manager of the Year (1992)
- **WWE**
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2024)
    - WWE Year-End Award (1 time)
        - Best on the Mic (2018)
    - Slammy Award (1 time)
        - Mic Drop of the Year (2024) –
- ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
    - Feud of the Year (2023)
    - Best Color Commentator (1991)
    - Best Booker (1994–1997, 2002)
    - Best on Interviews (2013–2014)
    - Best Non-Wrestler (2001, 2002, 2004, 2012–2014, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2024)
    - Best Non-Wrestler of the Decade (2010s)
    - Best on Interviews of the Decade (2010s)
    - Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2012) <small>Angle with CM Punk, exploiting Jerry Lawler's real-life heart attack, playing footage of him near death</small>
    - Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)

## Other websites

- WWE profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Paul Heyman
- **image**: Paul Heyman WrestleMania 32 Axxess.jpg
- **caption**: Heyman at WrestleMania 32 Axxess in April 2016
- **names**: Paul E. Dangerly
Paul E. Dangerously
Paul E. Heyman
**Paul Heyman**
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **billed**: **Scarsdale, New York**
- **debut**: 1987
Alan Parsons

**Alan Parsons** (born 20 December 1948) is an English audio engineer, musician, and record producer. In 1975 he started a progressive rock band called The Alan Parsons Project.

## Other websites

- Alan Parsons Music Official Site
- Alan Parsons Project Official Site
- The Avenue, The Official Alan Parsons Fan Club
- _Crawdaddy!_ "Parsons Knows: The Tale of Alan Parsons and Edgar Allan Poe"
- Alan Parsons Project official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alan Parsons
- **image**: Alan Parsons 2017-05-19 ap0033cwo.jpg
- **caption**: Alan Parsons in 2017
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: London, England
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, progressive rock
- **occupation**: Audio engineering, Audio engineer, composer, musician, record producer, director
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **label**: Legacy Recordings, Legacy, Arista Records, Arista, 20th Century Fox Records, Fox, Mercury Records, Mercury, Frontiers Records, Frontiers
- **associated acts**: The Alan Parsons Project
- **website**: [http://www.alanparsonsmusic.com/ Alan Parsons Music]
Style (form of address)

A **style** is referring to how you address a person in a formal manner. It varies on the status of a person. For example a married woman would be addressed as _Mrs_ (). A prince would be addressed as His Royal Highness. A male (regardless of being married) would be addressed as _Mr_.

## Examples

- Mrs Smith.
- Mr Smith
- Master Smith (Master is usually used by the oldest son in this case the oldest son of the Smith family).
- His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales.
- His Serene Highness The Prince of Monaco.
- Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia.
- His Holiness Pope Leo XIV.

## Other styles of address

- Your Lordship or your Ladyship is how minor members of nobility are addressed.
- The Right Honourable is traditionally used by Prime Ministers, members of the peerage, and members of the Privy Council.
- _His Grace_ The Duke of placename. A style used by English/British Dukes.

## Related pages

- Highness
- Honorific
- Diplomacy
- Protocol (diplomacy)
Ramona, South Dakota

**Ramona** is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lake County, and 159 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ramona, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Lake_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ramona_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Lake County, South Dakota, Lake County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lake County, South Dakota, Lake
- **established title**: Platted
- **established date**: 1886
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.71
- **area land km2**: 0.71
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.27
- **area land sq mi**: 0.27
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 159
- **population density km2**: 223.79
- **population density sq mi**: 580.29
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1811
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57054
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-52860
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267542
Wentworth, South Dakota

**Wentworth** is a village in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the only village in South Dakota. All other places where people live are either towns or cities. It is located in Lake County, and 181 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Wentworth, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image map**: Lake_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Wentworth_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Lake County, South Dakota, Lake County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lake County, South Dakota, Lake
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1896
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.66
- **area land km2**: 0.66
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.25
- **area land sq mi**: 0.25
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 181
- **population density km2**: 275.19
- **population density sq mi**: 712.60
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1696
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57075
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-70020
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267630
Nunda, South Dakota

**Nunda** is a town in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Lake County, and 46 people lived there at the 2020 census. Nunda was founded in 1906.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nunda, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Lake_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Nunda_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Lake County, South Dakota, Lake County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lake County, South Dakota, Lake
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.61
- **area land km2**: 2.61
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.01
- **area land sq mi**: 1.01
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 46
- **population density km2**: 17.62
- **population density sq mi**: 45.63
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1749
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57050
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-46060
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267518
Short-track speed skating

**Short-track speed skating** is a type of ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (usually between four and six) skate on an oval ice track. The track is 111.12 metres all the way around. The rink itself measures 60 m by 30 m.

World Championships have been held since 1981. It has been a Winter Olympic sport since 1992.

## Infobox (sport)

- **name**: Short-track speed skating
- **image**: Korea ShortTrack Ladies 3000m Gold Sochi 04.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: 3000 meters short-track relay during the 2014 Winter Olympics
- **union**: International Skating Union
- **mgender**: Yes
- **category**: Separate competitions for male and female
- **equipment**: ice skates, helmet, gloves, suit, shin guards, neck guard, safety glasses
- **olympic**: 1988 (demonstration)
1992–present
Skeleton (sport)

**Skeleton** is a winter sport in which a person rides a small sled down a frozen track. The person lays face down on the sled, and rides head forward. It had been played at the Winter Olympics since 2002; before that, it had also been played in the 1928 and 1948 Games.

Skeleton is a dangerous sport. Riders can reach speeds of .

## Related pages

- Bobsled

## Other websites

- Federation Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Toboganning (FIBT) World governing body.
2013 El Reno tornado

The **2013 El Reno tornado** happened on May 31, 2013. It happened close to the city of El Reno, Oklahoma in central Oklahoma. It was the widest tornado ever recorded. This tornado also was found to have some of the strongest winds ever found. One mobile Doppler weather radar found very high winds of 296 miles per hour. These winds are slightly less than the 318 miles per hour winds detected in a tornado on May 3, 1999 while it was close to Bridge Creek, Oklahoma in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

## Infobox (storm)

- **name**: 2013 El Reno tornado
- **image**: El Reno, OK EF3 Tornado 2013-05-31.jpg
- **caption**: View of the tornado from the southeast at 6:28 p.m. CDT (2328 UTC) as it was nearing peak strength
- **type**: Tornado
- **formed**: May 31, 2013, 6:03 p.m. Central Daylight Time, CDT (UTC−05:00)
- **active**: 40 minutes
- **dissipated**: May 31, 2013, 6:43 pm. Central Daylight Time, CDT (UTC−05:00)
- **fujitascale**: EF3
- **highest winds**: ~
- **maximum rain**: 3.00 in
- **total fatalities**: 8 fatalities, 151 injuries
- **damages**: $35–40 million (estimate)
- **affected**: Canadian County, Oklahoma; especially areas to the south of El Reno, Oklahoma, El Reno
- **enhanced**: yes
- **partof**: the **tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013**