juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
William Hooper

**William  Hooper** (June 17, 1742–October 14, 1790), was an American lawyer, politician, and a member of the Continental Congress representing North Carolina from 1774 through 1777.  Hooper was also a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William Hooper
- **image**: William Hooper.jpg
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **death place**: North Carolina
- **resting place**: Hillsborough, North Carolina
- **known for**: Signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
- **occupation**: lawyer
- **signature**: William Hooper signature.png
Thomas Heyward Jr.

**Thomas  Heyward, Jr.** (July 28, 1746 – March 6, 1809), was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation as a representative of South Carolina.
John Hart

**John Hart** (c. 1713 – May 11, 1779) was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.

In 1741, Hart married Deborah Scudder (1721–1776). The couple had thirteen children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Hart
- **image**: John Hart - Deigendesch.jpg
- **birth date**: c. 1713
- **birth place**: Stonington, Connecticut
- **death place**: Hunterdon County, New Jersey
- **resting place**: Old School Baptist Meeting House Burial Ground,
Hopewell, New Jersey
- **occupation**: politician
- **known for**: Signing the United States Declaration of Independence
- **signature**: John Hart signature.png
Benjamin Harrison V

**Benjamin Harrison V** (April 5, 1726– April 24, 1791) was an American revolutionary leader from Charles City County, Virginia. He was educated at the College of William and Mary. Harrison was a representative for Surry County, Virginia (1756-1758) and Charles City County (1766-1776) to the House of Burgesses. He was a Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, signed the Declaration of Independence, and was Governor of Virginia from 1781 to 1784.

## Other websites

- Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856

- Archival Records
- A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Thomas Nelson, Jr., 1781 June 12-November 22 at The Library of Virginia

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Benjamin Harrison V
- **image**: Benharrv.JPG
- **order**: 5th
- **office**: Governor of Virginia
- **term start**: 1781
- **term end**: 1784
- **predecessor**: Thomas Nelson, Jr.
- **successor**: Patrick Henry
- **birth date**: April 5, 1726
- **birth place**: Charles City County, Virginia
- **death date**: April 24, 1791 (aged 65)
- **death place**: Charles City County, Virginia
- **party**: Federalist
- **spouse**: Anne Harrison
- **profession**: Lawyer,Politician
- **signature**: Benjamin Harrison signature.png
Government of France

The **government of France** is  a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be "an indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic" in it. The constitution provides for a separation of powers. It proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty defined by the Declaration of 1789."
France has 3 branches of government.

Sébastien Lecornu has again been appointed prime minister (as of the second week of October 2025). Earlier that month, he (gave up his job, or) resigned as prime minister.
There were some new ministers, earlier in October:
- Defense minister (changed in October 2025; [However, the government changed later that month])
- Economy minister (since October 2025)
Paramilitary forces of Pakistan

The **paramilitary forces of Pakistan** consist of various organizations constitutionally charged to safeguard Pakistan's national interests. They protect from threats that could come from within the country to important areas or safeguard the entry points into the country such as the borders. They also protect citizens from threats that could come from inside the country. These threats started in 1971. They are currently made up from more than 300,000 soldiers.

Some divisions of the force are now incorporated under other organizations. For example, the Northern Light Infantry was a paramilitary force until 1999, when it became part of the Pakistan Army.
Pakistan Coast Guards

**Pakistan Coast Guard** () (PCG), is responsible for the law at sea, maintenance of seamarks, border control, and other services. The Coast Guards work mainly on rivers and land, in contrast to the Navy who handle deep sea operations. The Coast Guards handle smugglers and terrorists and enforce law on beaches and other coastal areas. The PCG has a fleet of 23 small craft but the exact number of personnel assigned to the PCG remains a secret.
Minority group

A **minority** or **subordinate group** is a group that does not make up most of the population of a society. For example:  minor group of religion, race, language, LGBT, and persons with disabilities.

A minority is not always a minority of numbers — it may be any group that is not normal with respect to a leading group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth, and political power, and can be an object of discrimination. For example, women may be considered a minority even if there are as many women as men because they have less power than men.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by United Nations protects the right of minority group in Article 27 and Council of Europe also affirms protection for them.

## Related pages

- Discrimination
- Declaration of Montreal
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Ethnic group
- Minority rights
Aberfoyle, Stirling

**Aberfoyle** is a village in Scotland. It is in the Stirling council area.
Aberfoyle

**Aberfoyle** may mean:
- Aberfoyle, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
- Aberfoyle, Stirling, Scotland
- Aberfoyle, Ontario, Canada
Puslinch, Ontario

**Puslinch** is a township in south-central Ontario, Canada, in the County of Wellington south of Guelph. Aberfoyle was first settled in the 1840s and is named for Aberfoyle, Scotland. It is the administrative centre for Puslinch.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Puslinch
- **official name**: Township of Puslinch
- **settlement type**: List of township municipalities in Ontario, Township (List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities, lower-tier)
- **image skyline**: Morriston, Ontario.JPG
- **image caption**: Morriston
- **pushpin map**: CAN ON Wellington#Canada Southern Ontario
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision type2**: Census divisions of Ontario, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wellington County, Ontario, Wellington
- **government type**: Township
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: James Seeley
- **leader title1**: Governing Body
- **leader name1**: Township of Puslinch Council
- **leader title2**: House of Commons of Canada, MP
- **leader name2**: Mike Chong (Conservative Party of Canada, Con)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, MPP
- **leader name3**: Ted Arnott (Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, PC)
- **established title**: Established
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: January 1, 1850
- **area land km2**: 214.82
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 7,944
- **population density km2**: 37.0
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Canada, Postal Code FSA
- **postal code**: List of N Postal Codes of Canada, N0B
- **area code**: Area codes 519 and 226, 519, 226 and 548
- **website**: [http://www.puslinch.ca/en/index.asp www.puslinch.ca]
Ardchyle

**Ardchyle** is a small village in Scotland. It is in the Stirling council area.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **static image**: Glendhu Viaduct.jpg
- **static image caption**: Glendhu Viaduct, near Ardchyle, on the disused Caledonian Railway line
- **official name**: Ardchyle
- **shire county**: Stirling
- **post town**: KILLIN
- **postcode district**: FK21
- **os grid reference**: NN5229
Ardeonaig

**Ardeonaig** is a village in Scotland. It is in the Stirling council area.
Stirling (council area)

**Stirling** (_Sruighlea_ in Gaelic) is one of the 32 unitary local government council areas of Scotland, and has a population of about 85,000.

## Towns and villages

- Aberfoyle
- Ardchyle
- Ardeonaig
- Arnprior
- Balmaha
- Bannockburn
- Blair Drummond
- Boreland
- Bridge of Allan
- Brig o' Turk
- Buchlyvie
- Callander
- Cambuskenneth
- Campsie
- Cowie
- Craigdownings
- Craigruie
- Crianlarich
- Croftamie
- Dalmary
- Doune
- Drymen
- Dunblane
- Fallin
- Fintry
- Gargunnock
- Gartmore
- Gartness
- Inversnaid
- Killearn
- Killin
- Kinbuck
- Kinlochard
- Kippen
- Lecropt
- Lochearnhead
- Mid Lecropt
- Milton
- Mugdock
- Port of Menteith
- Plean
- Raploch
- Rowardennan
- Strathyre
- Stronachlachar
- Thornhill
- Throsk
- Torbrex
- Tyndrum
- St Ninians
- Stirling
- Strathblane

## Infobox (scotland council area)

- **name**: Stirling
- **native name**: _Sruighlea
Stirlin_
- **image map**: Stirling in Scotland.svg
- **admin hq**: Stirling
- **iso**: GB-STG
- **ons**: S12000030
- **governing body**: Stirling Council
- **mps**: *Stephen Kerr
- **msps**: *Keith Brown (Scottish politician), Keith Brown*Bruce Crawford
Arnprior, Stirling

**Arnprior** is a village in Scotland. It is in the Stirling council area.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **static image name**: Arnprior - geograph.org.uk - 201931.jpg
- **static image caption**: The A811 road (Great Britain), A811 in Arnprior
- **official name**: Arnprior
- **gaelic name**: Earrann a' Phriair
- **label position**: top
- **population**: 200
- **civil parish**: Kippen
- **unitary scotland**: Stirling (council area), Stirling
- **constituency westminster**: Stirling (UK Parliament constituency), Stirling
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Stirling (Scottish Parliament constituency), Stirling
- **post town**: Stirling
- **postcode district**: FK8
- **postcode area**: FK
- **dial code**: 01786
- **os grid reference**: NS610948
Fintry

**Fintry** is a small village in central Scotland, nestled in the strath of the Endrick Water in the Campsie Fells some 35 km north of Glasgow. It is part of Stirling District.  As of the 2001 census, Fintry and the surrounding rural area had a population of 2300 people.
Rowardennan

**Rowardennan** (Gaelic: _Rubha Aird Eònain_) is a small hamlet on the eastern shore of Loch Lomond in Scotland.
Strathblane

**Strathblane** (Scottish Gaelic: ***Strath Bhlàthain*** ) is a village and parish at the extreme south of the Stirling council area, in central Scotland.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Strathblane
- **gaelic name**: Strath Bhlàthain
- **population**: 1,811
- **population ref**:  (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **area total sq mi**: 17
- **os grid reference**: NS561794
- **unitary scotland**: Stirling (council area), Stirling
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Stirling and Falkirk
- **post town**: GLASGOW
- **postcode district**: G63
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 01360
- **static image**: Strathblane.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>A view over Strathblane from Ballagan</small>
- **edinburgh distance**: Boxing the compass, E
- **london distance**: Boxing the compass, SSE
Thornhill, Stirling

**Thornhill** is a village in the Scottish council area of Stirling. It lies 14 miles from Stirling itself, south of Callander, east of Aberfoyle and west of Doune.

The 2001 census population for the area covered by the Thornhill and Blairdrummond Community Council is 1,109.
Tyndrum

**Tyndrum** (_Taigh an Droma_ in Gaelic) is a small village in Scotland.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: Tyndrum.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>The main road through Tyndrum</small>
- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Tyndrum
- **gaelic name**: Taigh an Droma
- **population ref**: [http://www.forthvalleygis.gov.uk/stirling_by_number 167]
- **os grid reference**: NN330303
- **map type**: Scotland
- **unitary scotland**: Stirling (council area), Stirling
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Stirling and Falkirk
- **constituency westminster**: Stirling (UK Parliament constituency), Stirling
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Stirling (Scottish Parliament constituency), Stirling
- **post town**: Crianlarich
- **postcode district**: FK20
- **postcode area**: FK
- **dial code**: 01838
Son of God

**Son of God** may refer to:

- Jesus
- _Son of God_ (movie), a 2014 American movie

## Related pages

- God the Son, a closely related title, also refers to Jesus
Biggar

**Biggar** may mean:

## Places

- Biggar, Cumbria, England
- Biggar, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Biggar, South Lanarkshire, Scotland

## Electoral districts (Saskatchewan)

- Biggar (electoral district), provincial electoral district since 2002
- Rosetown—Biggar, federal electoral district from 1935-68
- Saskatoon—Biggar, federal electoral district from 1968-78
- Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, federal electoral district since 1997

## People

- Dan Biggar (born 1989), Welsh international rugby player
- James Lyons Biggar (1824–1879), Ontario merchant and political figure
- John Walter Scott Biggar, 1843 – , Ontario farmer and political figure
- Joseph Biggar (1828–1890), Irish politician
- Paula Biggar, Canadian politician
- Robert Biggar, - 1838, settler leader in the Battle of the Tugela, Natalia
- Sanford Dennis Biggar, mayor of Hamilton, Ontario
- William Hodgins Biggar, 1852 – , Ontario lawyer and political figure

## Miscellaneous

- Biggar Airport
- Biggar Museum Trust
- Biggar Railway Station (Grand Trunk Pacific)
- Biggar RFC
- Biggar Road
- Symington, Biggar and Broughton Railway
Hamilton

**Hamilton** might mean:

## People

- Hamilton (name), a name that can be either a given name or a surname

### Bermuda

- Hamilton, Bermuda, Bermuda's capital city
- Hamilton Parish, Bermuda

### United States

- Hamilton, Alabama, a city
- Hamilton, Georgia, a city
- Hamilton, Illinois, a city
- Hamilton, Indiana, a town
- Hamilton, Iowa, a city
- Hamilton, Kansas, a city
- Hamilton, Massachusetts, a town
- Hamilton, Virginia, a town
- Hamilton, Missouri, a city
- Hamilton, Montana, a city
- Hamilton Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey
- Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
- Hamilton (town), New York
    - Hamilton (village), New York
- Hamilton, North Carolina, a town
- Hamilton, Ohio, a city
- Hamilton, Texas, a city
- Hamilton, Washington, a town
- Hamilton, Wisconsin, a town
- Hamilton County, the name of 10 different counties

### Other

- Hamilton, New Zealand, a city
- Hamilton, Ontario, a city in Canada
- Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, a town in Scotland

## Other

- Hamilton (musical), a 2015 Broadway musical by Lin-Manuel Miranda about Alexander Hamilton
- Hamilton Academical F.C., a football club in Hamilton, Lanarkshire
- Hamilton Bulldogs, professional ice hockey team, farm team of the Montreal Canadians
- Hamilton College, a private college in New York
- Hamilton Tigers, a former professional ice hockey team based in Hamilton, Ontario
Blantyre, South Lanarkshire

**Blantyre** () is a burgh in South Lanarkshire, Scotland with a population of about 17,000.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Blantyre
- **gaelic name**: Baile an t-Saoir
- **os grid reference**: NS685575
- **unitary scotland**: South Lanarkshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Lanarkshire
Bothwell

**Bothwell** is a small town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, that lies on the right bank of the River Clyde, adjacent to Hamilton and nine miles east-south-east of Glasgow. It is predominantly a residential town.
Burnside, South Lanarkshire

**Burnside** is an area of South Lanarkshire. It is part of The Royal Burgh of Rutherglen and Greater Glasgow. It borders with Cambuslang, Blairbeth, Fernhill and Eastfield.
Uddingston

**Uddingston** is a village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the north side of the River Clyde, approximately seven miles to the south-east of Glasgow.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Uddingston
- **map type**:
- **unitary scotland**: South Lanarkshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Lanarkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Lanark and Hamilton East
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Hamilton North and Bellshill (Scottish Parliament constituency), Hamilton North and Belshill
- **post town**: Glasgow
- **postcode district**: G71 7
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 01698
East Kilbride

**East Kilbride** is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland. It is Scotland's first new town, and lies on high ground on the south side of the Cathkin Braes, about  southeast of Glasgow city centre. The Rotten Calder river flows along the east side of the settlement, northwards toward the River Clyde. The town is also known as the Polo Mint city due to its many roundabouts.

### Dollan Baths

One of the most significant buildings of an earlier phase of development was Dollan Baths leisure complex (opened 1968) which has Grade A listed status.

## Twin towns

- Ballerup, Denmark

## Notable people

- William and John Hunter, medical pioneers, were born at Long Calderwood within the present-day area of East Kilbride.
- Lorraine Kelly, television presenter for GMTV was born in the town.
- Iain Harvie, guitarist with Scottish rock band Del Amitri, was an East Kilbride resident. His late father, John Harvie, was the popular headmaster of Claremont High School in East Kilbride in the 1980s and early 1990s.
- Actor John Hannah of Rebus and Four Weddings and a Funeral fame was a resident of East Kilbride, residing in the Murray area. He has recently caused debate in the area after commenting that it had "gone downhill" since he lived there .
- Scottish rock band The Jesus and Mary Chain was formed in the town.
- Muriel Gray, journalist and broadcaster, was born in the town.
- Chancery Stone, author of The DANNY Quadrilogy, was born in East Kilbride and lived in West Mains for the first 18 years of her life.
- Mikey, famous for his antics and passion for food in Calderglen High
- Roddy Frame, frontman of Scottish indie band Aztec Camera, was born in the town.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: East Kilbride
- **gaelic name**: Cille Bhrìghde an Ear
- **country**: Scotland
- **population**: 73,796
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)
est. 73,320 (2006)
- **os grid reference**: NS635545
- **unitary scotland**: South Lanarkshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Lanarkshire
- **constituency westminster**: East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow (UK Parliament constituency), East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow
- **constituency scottish parliament**: East Kilbride (Scottish Parliament constituency), East Kilbride
- **post town**: GLASGOW
- **postcode district**: G74-75
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 01355 & 0141
- **static image**: Parish Church, East Kilbride.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>East Kilbride parish church tower</small>
Fairhill, Hamilton, Scotland

**Fairhill** is an area in the town of Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

They have schools, churches, a civic centre, a library and shopping places.
TNA X Division Championship

The **TNA X Division Championship** is a professional wrestling championship in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The championship is defended by wrestlers in the X Division, meaning high flyers and cruiserweights. The championship debuted on June 19, 2002 at the taping of TNA's second weekly pay-per-view (PPV) event.

The current champion is Chris Sabin who is in his tenth reign. Sabin defeated Lio Rush on the September 9, 2023 Impact tapings to become the champion.

## Other websites

- TNA X Division Title History

## Infobox (pro wrestling championship)

- **name**: Impact X Division Championship
- **image size**: 270px
- **caption**: The current GFW X Division Championship belt
- **currentholder**: Chris Sabin
- **created**: June 19, 2002
- **won**: September 9, 2023
- **promotion**: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA)
- **firstchamp**: A.J. Styles
- **mostreigns**: Chris Sabin (List of TNA X Division Champions#List of combined reigns, 10 reigns)
- **longestreign**: Austin Aries (List of TNA X Division Champions#Title history, 301 days)
- **shortestreign**: Eric Young (wrestler), Eric Young, Chris Sabin & Rockstar Spud (List of TNA X Division Champions#Title history, <1 day)
- **oldest**: Frankie Kazarian ()
- **youngest**: Amazing Red (21 years)
- **heaviest**: Abyss (wrestler), Abyss (350 lbs)
- **lightest**: Rockstar Spud (140 lbs)
- **pastnames**: * NWA X Championship
(2002)
* NWA–TNA X Championship
(2002)
* NWA–TNA X Division Championship
(2003)
* **TNA X Division Championship**
(2003–2017, 2024–present)
* Impact Wrestling X Division Championship
(2017)
* GFW X Division Championship
(2017)
* Impact X Division Championship
(2017–2024)
WWE Hardcore Championship

The **WWF Hardcore Championship**, later known as the  **WWE Hardcore Championship**, is a former championship for World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWE). The first champion was crowned when the championship was awarded to Mankind by Vince McMahon. It was defended always in some sort of Hardcore match due to its name. When Crash Holly won the title however, he started what became known as the 24/7 rule, which meant the title was being defended at all times. Anyone could surprise the title holder and pin him to become the new champion anywhere, as long as a Referee was present. The last official champion was Rob Van Dam when he won the title from Tommy Dreamer to unify the title with the WWF Intercontinental Championship.

### 24/7 rules

When Crash Holly won the belt, he introduced the **24/7 rule** which said the belt was to be defended at all times, as long as a referee was present. This allowed for many comic relief moments, such as the belt changing hands while the champion was asleep, and The Headbangers chasing Crash Holly around an amusement park in Brooklyn (Holly eventually escaped from a ball pit and ran from the building, still the champion).

### Unification and retirement

The title was unified with the Intercontinental Championship on August 26, 2002, when Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam defeated Hardcore Champion Tommy Dreamer. This was one month after Van Dam defeated Jeff Hardy in a Ladder match to unify the Intercontinental and European Championships.

## Other websites

- Official WWE Hardcore Championship history
- Solie.org WWF/WWE Hardcore Championship history

## Infobox (pro wrestling championship)

- **created**: November 2, 1998
- **retired**: August 26, 2002
- **firstchamp**: Mick Foley, Mankind
- **mostreigns**: Raven (wrestler), Raven (List of WWE Hardcore Champions, 27)
- **longestreign**: Big Boss Man (List of WWE Hardcore Champions, 97 days)
- **shortestreign**: Terri Runnels (9 seconds)
- **oldest**: Pat Patterson (wrestler), Pat Patterson ()
- **youngest**: Christopher Nowinski ()
- **heaviest**: Big Show ()
- **lightest**: Terri Runnels ()
- **pastnames**: * WWF Hardcore Championship (1998–2002)
* WWE Hardcore Championship (2002)
Spoonman

"**Spoonman**" is a song by the American grunge band Soundgarden. It is from their fourth studio album _Superunknown_, which was released in 1994. The song describes Artis the Spoonman, a real-life musician who makes music with spoons. He was also featured in the song's music video. "Spoonman" won the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance at the 1995 Grammy Awards.

## Track listings

All songs were written by Chris Cornell, except where noted.

**CD (Europe) and 12-inch vinyl (Europe)**
1. "Spoonman" – 4:06
1. "Fresh Tendrils" (Matt Cameron, Cornell) – 4:16
1. "Cold Bitch" – 5:01
1. "Exit Stonehenge" (Cameron, Cornell, Ben Shepherd, Kim Thayil) – 1:19

**Cassette (UK) and 7-inch vinyl (UK)**
1. "Spoonman" – 4:06
1. "Fresh Tendrils" (Cameron, Cornell) – 4:16

**CD (Germany)**
1. "Spoonman" (edit) – 3:51
1. "Cold Bitch" – 5:11
1. "Exit Stonehenge" (Cameron, Cornell, Shepherd, Thayil) – 1:19

**CD (Australia and Canada)**
1. "Spoonman" – 4:06
1. "Cold Bitch" – 5:01

## Personnel

Personnel adapted from _Superunknown _ liner notes

**Soundgarden**
- Chris Cornell – vocals, rhythm guitar
- Kim Thayil – lead guitar
- Ben Shepherd – bass, additional vocals
- Matt Cameron – drums, percussion, pots and pans

**Additional musicians**
- Artis the Spoonman – spoons

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1994)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australia Alternative (ARIA)|align="center"|1|
|European Hot 100 Singles _(Music & Media)_|align="center"|47|
|Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)|align="center"|8|
|Iceland (Dagblaðið Vísir Top 30)|align="center"|3|

|Chart (2017)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US Rock Digital Song Sales (_Billboard_)|align="center"|11|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1994)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US Album Rock Tracks (_Billboard_)|align="center"|13|

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format(s)|scope="col"|Label(s)|scope="col"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|February 14, 1994||rowspan="2"|A&M|||||||
|March 2, 1994|Mini-CD|||||||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Spoonman
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Soundgarden
- **album**: Superunknown
- **b-side**: Cold Bitch
- **studio**: Studio X, Bad Animals (Seattle, Seattle, Washington)
- **genre**: * Grunge
* alternative metal
* hard rock
* alternative rock
- **length**: 4:06
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **writer**: Chris Cornell
- **prev title**: Rusty Cage
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: The Day I Tried to Live
- **next year**: 1994
Watchmen

***Watchmen*** is a Hugo Award-winning graphic novel. It was written by Alan Moore, illustrated by Dave Gibbons, and published by DC Comics from 1986–1987. In 2005, _Time_ magazine listed _Watchmen_ as one "the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to the present".

## Story

Watchmen is set in an alternate history during the 1980s. The United States is about to enter a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Earlier, superheroes helped the United States win the Vietnam War. Now, superheroes work for the government (Doctor Manhattan, The Comedian), are retired (Nite Owl, Adrian Veidt/Ozymandias, Silk Spectre), or work illegally (Rorschach).

After The Comedian is murdered, the other superheroes work together to figure out the killer's identity. In the beginning, Rorschach believes other superheroes are in danger and warns them. Soon after, Doctor Manhattan leaves Earth for Mars, creating more turmoil. Nite Owl starts to believe Rorschach. Together they discover Adrian Veidt has murdered The Comedian and framed Doctor Manhattan to protect his plan. Veidt says he wants to fake an alien invasion to avoid an atomic war.

By this time, Veidt's plan has already occurred. Many New York City residents have been killed. Doctor Manhattan kills Rorschach, the only superhero who wanted to reveal Veidt's secret. All living superheroes have now retired. The world is unified.
Vocalion Records

**Vocalion Records** was a record label which made records in the United States and in the United Kingdom.

## Related pages

- List of record labels

## Other websites

- History of Brunswick and Vocalion
- Vocalion compact discs
Municipalities of Belgium

Belgium is made of 581 municipalities (Dutch: _gemeenten_, French: _communes_, German: _Gemeinden_). These municipalities are grouped into ten provinces (five belonging to the Flemish Region with 300 municipalities, five to the Walloon Region with 262 municipalities), and the Brussels-Capital Region (with 19 municipalities).

Usually, municipalities are the smallest subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 people living there, they get divided into districts ().

## Other websites

- Vereniging van Vlaamse Steden en Gemeenten– Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities
- Union des Villes et Communes de Wallonie – Union of Cities and Municipalities of Wallonia
- AVCB-VSGB – Association of the City and Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region
Mikhail Nesterov

**Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov** () (, Ufa – 18 October 1942, Moscow) was a Russian painter. He was a very important painter for religious symbolism in Russian art. He studied under Pavel Tchistyakov at the Imperial Academy of Arts. Later, he felt attracted to  the group of artists known as the Peredvizhniki. His canvas _The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew_ (1890–91) is often considered to mark the inauguration of the Russian Symbolist movement. This painting shows the conversion of Sergii Radonezhsky. From 1890 to 1910, Nesterov lived in Kiev and St Petersburg, working on frescoes in St. Vladimir's Cathedral and the Church on Spilt Blood, respectively. After 1910, he spent the rest of his life in Moscow, working in the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. As a devout Orthodox Christian, he did not accept the Bolshevik Revolution but remained in Russia until his death, painting the portraits of Ivan Ilyin, Ivan Pavlov, Otto Schmidt, and Vera Mukhina, among others.

## Other websites

- Detailed biography (in Russian)
- Online Nesterov gallery (in English)

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov
Михаил Васильевич Нестеров
- **image**: Mikhail Nesterov.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Mikhail Nesterov during the 1900s
- **birth place**: Ufa, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Moscow, Soviet Union
- **field**: Painting, drawing
AMC Gremlin

**AMC Gremlin**   was a car produced by American Motors from 1970 through 1978.
Manichaeism

**Manichaeism** (in Modern Persian  _Āyin e Māni_) was a major Iranian universal dualistic monotheistic religion founded in the mid 3rd-century CE by the Parthian Jewish Christian prophet Mani and his followers. Originally, Manichaeism came from commoners in the Sassanid Empire. Most of the original writings of the founding prophet Mani (Syriac, , c. AD 210–276) have been lost, but many translations and fragmentary texts have survived. Manichaeism was big between the third and seventh centuries. At its height, it was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as China and as far west as the Roman Empire. Manichaeism appears to have died out before the sixteenth century in southern China.

The original six sacred books of Manichaeism were written in Syriac. They were soon translated into other languages to help spread the religion.  As they spread to the east, the Manichaean writings passed through Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and ultimately Uyghur and Chinese translations.  As they spread to the west, they were translated into Greek, Coptic, and Latin. The spread and success of Manichaeism were seen as a threat to other religions, and it was widely persecuted in Christian, Zoroastrian, and later, Islamic areas.
Ford Windstar

The **Ford Windstar** was a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 through 2003 in two generations.

The Windstar was replaced by the Ford Freestar and Mercury Monterey in 2004.
LDV Convoy

**LDV Convoy** is a van and minibus made from 1996 to 2006 by LDV Limited.

Between 2000-2005 the model was improved, It had transparent front head lights and transparent back brake lights.

In 1997, the Convoy replaced the Leyland DAF 400 Series.

In 2006, the Convoy was replaced by the LDV Maxus.

## Awards

- _What Van_ 'Best Minibus' 2000
- _What Van_ 'Best Minibus' 2001
- _What Van_ 'Best Minibus' 2002
- Prince Michael Road Safety Bus and Truck Award 2000

## Related pages

- LDV Pilot

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: LDV Convoy
- **image**: 2004 LDV 400 Convoy Diesel LWB 2.4 Front.jpg
- **caption**: LDV Convoy with a high-roof (after improvements)
- **manufacturer**: LDV Group, LDV Limited
- **production**: 1996–2006
- **assembly**: Washwood Heath, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- **designer**: Tom Karen
- **class**: Van
- **related**: LDV Pilot
- **layout**: Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, FR layout
- **transmission**: 5-speed Ford MT75 transmission, MT75 manual
4-speed automatic
- **predecessor**: Leyland DAF 400 Series
- **successor**: LDV Maxus
Ford Freestar

The **Ford Freestar** was a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company from 2004 through 2007. Ford claimed it was "all-new", but it was just a modern version of the Ford Windstar minivan. The name changed because Ford wanted to start every car name with the letter "F". (Other cars named like this were the Ford Five Hundred and Ford Fusion.)

The Freestar had room for seven people inside. It was front-wheel drive like the Ford Windstar and its sibling the Mercury Monterey. The Freestar and Monterey minivan had nearly the same platform as the Windstar.

The Freestar and Monterey minivan didn't sell too well because people were buying SUV's instead. This caused them both to stop being produced. Ford made the Ford Flex in 2008 to replace the Freestar and Monterey minivan. The Flex had a new design which did not look like the Freestar or Monterey minivan any more.
Cambuslang

**Cambuslang** (Scottish Gaelic for ***Camas Long*** from _camas_ - river bend, _long_ - ship) is a town on the south-eastern outskirts of Glasgow, Scotland located within the local authority area of South Lanarkshire. It is known as "the largest village in Scotland", with a population of around 24,500.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Cambuslang
- **gaelic name**: Camas Long
- **scots name**: Cambuslang
- **population**: 24,500
- **os grid reference**: NS642605
- **unitary scotland**: South Lanarkshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Lanarkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Rutherglen and Hamilton West (UK Parliament constituency), Rutherglen and Hamilton West
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Glasgow Rutherglen (Scottish Parliament constituency), Glasgow Rutherglen
- **constituency scottish parliament1**: Glasgow (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Glasgow
- **post town**: GLASGOW
- **postcode district**: G72
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 0141
Rigside

**Rigside** is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, about 5 miles from the town of Lanark, and less than a mile from Douglas Water. It lies on the A70 road to Ayr. Rigside used to be a mining village.

## People

Rigside has approximately 800 inhabitants.
Lesmahagow

**Lesmahagow** (Gaelic: _Lios MoChuda_) is a small town on the edge of moorland, near Lanark in the central belt of Scotland, and is also known as **Abbey Green**. In 2021 the population of the village was around 4310.

The ruins of a 12th century church are located in the village. The village is also the headquarters of the Scottish branch of the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). oo

## Famous people

- John Cairncross, spy, the fifth man in the infamous '[Cambridge Five'.

- Alexander Muir, composer of the Canadian patriotic song 'Maple Leaf Forever'
- Jim Holton, football centre left.
Larkhall

**Larkhall** is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, and is around 18 miles southeast of Glasgow. It had a population of 15,549 recorded in the 2001 census, and is a typical west of Scotland industrial town.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Larkhall
- **gaelic name**: Larkhall
- **population**: 15,549
- **os grid reference**: NS554413
- **map type**: Scotland
- **unitary scotland**: South Lanarkshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Lanarkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Lanark and Hamilton East (UK Parliament constituency), Lanark and Hamilton East
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Clydesdale (Scottish Parliament constituency), Clydesdale &
South of Scotland
- **post town**: Motherwell, Scotland, Motherwell
- **postcode district**: ML9
- **postcode area**: ML
- **dial code**: 01698
- **static image name**: File:Larkhall south lanarkshire.jpg
- **static image caption**: A train station in Larkhall.
Stonehouse, South Lanarkshire

**Stonehouse** is a small rural village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on Avon Water in an area of natural beauty and historical interest, near to the Clyde Valley.
Rutherglen

**Rutherglen** (pronounced: ruh-ther-glen) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. _Rutherglen_ comes from the Gaelic _An Ruadh Ghleann_, meaning "the red valley". In 1975, it lost its own local council and administratively became a component of the City of Glasgow. In 1996 Rutherglen was reallocated to the South Lanarkshire council area.

## History

Rutherglen remains the oldest royal burgh in Scotland, being more than 500 years older than Glasgow. It was a centre of heavy industry, having a long coal mining tradition which died out by 1950, and was until the 1960s home to the infamous White's chemical works, which was responsible for huge swathes of the area from southern Glasgow across to the town of Cambuslang being polluted with chromium waste. Rutherglen, and most of the towns encircling the city, are now dormitory suburbs of Glasgow.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Rutherglen
- **gaelic name**: An Ruadh Ghleann
- **scots name**: Ru'glen
- **population**: 25,000
- **os grid reference**: NS607617
- **unitary scotland**: South Lanarkshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Lanarkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Rutherglen and Hamilton West (UK Parliament constituency), Rutherglen and Hamilton West
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Glasgow Rutherglen (Scottish Parliament constituency), Glasgow Rutherglen
- **post town**: GLASGOW
- **postcode district**: G73
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 0141
Ford Taurus

The **Ford Taurus** was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1986 through 2006. In 2008 Ford sold a rebadged Ford Five Hundred as the Taurus. They also renamed the Ford Freestyle crossover CUV  as the “Taurus X”. These cars were produced through the 2015 model year. For 2016 Ford showed a new luxury version of the Taurus. But this version was only sold in China. Ford ended production of the Taurus shortly after due to falling sales and increased demand for crossover models and SUV's.

## Versions

The Ford Taurus has had several different changes to the way it was built. Each different version is called a _Generation_.
Aberdeenshire

**Aberdeenshire** () is the name of both a county and of one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland.  The two are not the same area.

## County

Aberdeenshire stretches from the east coast of Scotland up into the mountains.  It is between Kincardineshire and Angus (south) and Banffshire (west).  Aberdeen is the county town.

Aberdeenshire is mainly countryside and mountain, except in Aberdeen.  Aberdeen is one of Britain's richest towns because it serves the North Sea oil rigs.

Fraserburgh is a large fishing port.

## Council area

The Aberdeenshire council area takes in the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire and half of Banffshire.  It does not include Aberdeen City though, which is a Council Area in its own right. However, Aberdeenshire Council does have its headquarters at Woodhill House, in Aberdeen; the only Scottish council whose headquarters are based outside its area's border.

Aberdeenshire borders Angus and Perth and Kinross to the south, and Highland and Moray to the west.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aberdeenshire
**'
**'
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Scotland
- **image map**: Aberdeenshire in Scotland.svg
- **map caption**: Aberdeenshire within Scotland
- **seat type**: Admin HQ
- **seat**: Aberdeen
- **governing body**: Aberdeenshire Council
- **leader title**: Control
- **leader name**: Scottish Conservative Party, Con + Scottish Liberal Democrats, LD + Independent politician, Ind (council No overall control, NOC)
- **leader title1**: List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland 2017-, MPs
- **leader name1**: * Andrew Bowie (politician), Andrew Bowie (Con)
* Colin Clark (politician), Colin Clark (Con)
* David Duguid (politician), David Duguid (Con)
- **leader title2**: Members of the 5th Scottish Parliament, MSPs
- **leader name2**: * Alexander Burnett (politician), Alexander Burnett (Con)
* Mairi Evans (SNP)
* Gillian Martin (SNP)
* Stewart Stevenson (SNP)
* Maureen Watt (SNP)
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6313
- **area rank**: List of Scottish council areas by area, Ranked 4th
- **population rank**: List of Scottish council areas by population, Ranked
- **area code type**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **area code**: S12000034
- **iso code**: GB-ABD
Alford, Aberdeenshire

**Alford** (pronounced "aaford") is a large village in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland, lying just south of the River Don. The place-name is thought to come from the Scots "auld ford"; its original position being on the banks of the Don. The "L" sound in the word has, over time, been dropped, and is silent.

## Notable residents

- Alford is the birthplace of the renowned poet, Charles Murray.
- Stewart Milne, chairman of both the Stewart Milne Group and Aberdeen Football Club was born nearby and attended school in Alford
- Alford is also the birthplace of the person who played the most games for Glasgow Rangers, Douglas Herbert Gray, who played 948 games for the team.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **static image name**: Main Street, Alford - geograph.org.uk - 288309.jpg
- **official name**: Alford
- **scots name**: Aaford, Awfort
- **gaelic name**: Athfort
- **population**: 1,925
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)
est. 2,050 (2006)
- **unitary scotland**: Aberdeenshire
- **constituency westminster**: West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine (UK Parliament constituency), West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Aberdeenshire West (Scottish Parliament constituency), Aberdeenshire West
- **post town**: Alford
- **postcode district**: AB33
- **postcode area**: AB
- **os grid reference**: NJ5716
Ballater

**Ballater** is a burgh in Aberdeenshire, Scotland on the River Dee, immediately east of the Cairngorm Mountains.

## Notable residents

- Sir Patrick Geddes, biologist and botanist.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Ballater
- **gaelic name**: Bealadair
- **population**: 1,446
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)

est. 1,520 (2006)
- **os grid reference**: NO369958
- **map type**: Scotland
- **unitary scotland**: Aberdeenshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Aberdeenshire (historic), Aberdeenshire
- **constituency westminster**: West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine (UK Parliament constituency), West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine
- **constituency scottish parliament**: West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine (Scottish Parliament constituency), West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine
- **post town**: BALLATER
- **postcode area**: AB
- **postcode district**: AB35
- **dial code**: 01339
Mary Douglas

**Mary Douglas**, DBE, FBA (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism.

She was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

## Works

- _The Lele of the Kasai_ (1963)
- _Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo_ (1966)
- _Pollution_ (1968)
- _Natural Symbols: Explorations in Cosmology_ (1970)
- _Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology_ (1975)
- “Jokes” _Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies_ (1975); edited by Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson
- _The World of Goods_ (1979) with Baron Isherwood
- _Evans-Pritchard_ (1980)
- _Risk and Culture_ (1980) with Aaron Wildavsky
- _In the Active Voice_ (1982)
- _How Institutions Think_ (1986)
- _Missing persons: a critique of the social sciences_ (1988) with Steven Ney
- _Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory_ (1992)
- _In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers_ (1993)
- _Thought styles: Critical essays on good taste_ (1996)
- _Leviticus as Literature_ (1999)
- _Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology_ (2002)
- _Jacob's Tears: The Priestly Work of Reconciliation_ (2004)
- _Thinking in Circles_ (2007)
Westhill

**Westhill** is a town in Aberdeenshire, in the parish of Skene, directly west of Aberdeen. It is connected to the city by the A944 road.  It is also near Skene, and has a swimming pool, tennis courts, carnival and theme park.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Westhill
- **country**: Scotland
- **map type**: Scotland
- **population**: 10392
- **os grid reference**: NJ828070
- **post town**: WESTHILL
- **postcode district**: AB32
- **postcode area**: AB
- **dial code**: 01224
- **unitary scotland**: Aberdeenshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Aberdeenshire
- **constituency scottish parliament**: North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region), North East Scotland
Ruth Landes

**Ruth Landes** (October 8, 1908, New York City – February 11, 1991, Ontario, Canada) was an American cultural anthropologist best known for studies on Brazilian candomblé cults and her published study on the topic, _City of Women_ (1947). Landes is recognized by some as a pioneer in the study of race and gender relations.

## Bibliography

**Selected books**
- _Ojibwa Sociology_ (1937)
- _The Ojibwa Woman_ (1938)
- _The City of Women_ (1947)
- _Culture in American Education: Anthropological Approaches to Minority and Dominant Groups in the Schools_ (1965)
- _Latin Americans of the Southwest_ (1965)
- _A cidade das mulheres_ (1967) (Portuguese translation of The City of Women.)
- _The Mystic Lake Sioux: Sociology of the Mdewakantonwan Sioux_ (1968)
- _Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin_ (1968)
- _The Prairie Potawatomi: Tradition and Ritual in the Twentieth Century_ (1970)

## References

- Cole, Sally. 2003. _Ruth Landes: A Life in Anthropology_. University of Nebraska.
- Register to the Papers of Ruth Schlossberg Landes , National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ruth Landes
- **image**: Ruthlandes.gif
- **image size**: 125px
- **birth place**: New York City, New York
- **death place**: Hamilton, Ontario
- **education**: Ph.D., Columbia University (1935)
- **occupation**: Anthropologist
Ashfield, Stirling

**Ashfield** is a village in Stirling, Scotland.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Ashfield
- **shire county**: Stirling
- **os grid reference**: NN7803
Auchtubh

**Auchtubh** is a village in Stirling, Scotland.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Auchtubh
- **shire county**: Stirling
- **os grid reference**: NN5520
Balfron

**Balfron**, is a village in the Stirling council area of Scotland. It is near Endrick Water on the A875 road, 18 miles (29 km) west of Stirling and 16 miles (26 km) north of Glasgow. Although a rural settlement, it lies within commuting distance of Glasgow, and serves as a dormitory town. It has shops, a health centre, a village hall and a secondary school (Balfron High School). The village also contains a fire station, garage, ambulance depot, police station, primary school, bowling green and an 18 hole golf course. The residential special school Ballikinrain is also located in Balfron and caters to intervening for boys with special needs from all over Scotland.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Balfron, Stirlingshire
- **population**: 1,518
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)

est. 1,707 (2011)
- **os grid reference**: NS546890
- **map type**: Scotland
- **unitary scotland**: Stirling (council area), Stirling
- **post town**: GLASGOW
- **postcode district**: G63 0_xx_
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 01360
- **static image**: Balfron Church and War Memorial.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>The church and war memorial in Balfron.</small>
Deanston

**Deanston** is a village in the district of Stirling,
Scotland, on the south bank of the River Teith, formerly of West Perthshire. It is a part of the parish of Kilmadock.
Drymen

**Drymen** is a village in Stirling district in central Scotland.  Drymen lies to the west of the Campsie Fells and enjoys views to Dumgoyne on the east and to Loch Lomond on the west. The Queen Elizabeth Forest reaches down to the village edge, and the whole area is part of the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (the first National Park in Scotland).