juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Honaker, Virginia

**Honaker, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is in Russell County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Honaker, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **nickname**: Redbud Capital of the World
- **image skyline**: Honaker, Railroad near Main.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Railroad Avenue downtown
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Honaker.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Honaker, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Russell County, Virginia, Russell
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 1.68
- **area land sq mi**: 1.68
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 4.34
- **area land km2**: 4.34
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1217
- **population density sq mi**: 725.7
- **population density km2**: 280.2
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1870
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24260
- **area code**: Area code 276, 276
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-38280
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1468202
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080617134055/http://www.honakerva.com/ www.honakerva.com]
Hurt, Virginia

**Hurt, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Independence, Virginia

**Independence, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Iron Gate, Virginia

**Iron Gate, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Irvington, Virginia

**Irvington, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Ivor, Virginia

**Ivor, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Jarratt, Virginia

**Jarratt, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Jonesville, Virginia

**Jonesville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Keller, Virginia

**Keller, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Kenbridge, Virginia

**Kenbridge, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Keysville, Virginia

**Keysville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Kilmarnock, Virginia

**Kilmarnock, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
La Crosse, Virginia

**La Crosse, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

The town's population was 614 at the 2020 census.
Lawrenceville, Virginia

**Lawrenceville** is a town in Brunswick County, Virginia, United States.  In the 2020 census, 1,014 people lived there. The town is by the Meherrin River. It is the county seat of Brunswick County. In colonial times, Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood had a stockade built nearby. It was called Fort Christanna. At the stockade, converted Native American allies were housed and educated.

Historically black Saint Paul's College operated here until 2013. It was founded in 1888 and affiliated with the Episcopal Church. Lumber, tobacco, livestock and other farm products are grown in the area. The town is in a county along the southern border of the state. It is near the northernmost area for cotton growing.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lawrenceville, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Lawrenceville, VA.jpg
- **image caption**: Lawrenceville
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Lawrenceville.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lawrenceville, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Brunswick County, Virginia, Brunswick
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 1.15
- **area land sq mi**: 1.15
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1014
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 266
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 23868
- **area code**: Area code 434, 434
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-44520
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498503
- **website**: [https://lawrencevilleweb.us/ https://lawrencevilleweb.us/]
- **area total km2**: 2.98
- **area land km2**: 2.98
- **area water km2**: 0.00
Lebanon, Virginia

**Lebanon, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Leesburg, Virginia

**Leesburg** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is the county seat of Loudoun County.  About 48,250 people were living in Leesburg as of 2020. Leesburg is about 33 miles west-northwest of Washington, D.C.

## References

https://www.virginia.org/places-to-visit/regions/northern-virginia/leesburg/

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Leesburg, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **named for**: Lee family
- **image skyline**: Center of Leesburg, Virginia 2012.jpg
- **image caption**: Center of Leesburg in 2012
- **image blank emblem**: Logo of Leesburg, Virginia.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Leesburg.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Leesburg, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Loudoun County, Virginia, Loudoun
- **government type**: Council–manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: October 12, 1758
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 12.47
- **area land sq mi**: 12.40
- **area water sq mi**: 0.07
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 48250
- **population density sq mi**: 4333.17
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 341
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 20175-20178
- **area code**: Area code 703, 703, Area code 571, 571
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-44984
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498505
- **area total km2**: 32.29
- **area land km2**: 32.11
- **area water km2**: 0.18
- **population density km2**: 1673.07
Louisa, Virginia

**Louisa, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Lovettsville, Virginia

**Lovettsville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Luray, Virginia

**Luray, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Madison, Virginia

**Madison, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is the county seat of Madison County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Madison, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Madison County Courthouse (Built 1829), Madison, Virginia.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image caption**: Madison County Courthouse (built 1829)
- **image map**: Madison County Virginia incorporated and unincorporated areas Madison highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Madison County, Virginia, Madison County and the state of Virginia.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Madison County, Virginia, Madison
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.24
- **area land sq mi**: 0.24
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 0.61
- **area land km2**: 0.61
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 205
- **population density sq mi**: 868.6
- **population density km2**: 335.4
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 604
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 22719, 22727
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-48488
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498511
Marion, Virginia

**Marion, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is the county seat of Smyth County.  The town is named for American Revolutionary War officer Francis Marion.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Marion, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: America's Coolest Hometown
- **image skyline**: LincolnTheatreMarionVA.jpg
- **image caption**: The Lincoln Theatre in Marion, Virginia.
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Marion.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision name2**: Smyth County, Virginia, Smyth
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 5.16
- **area land sq mi**: 5.13
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6,022
- **population density sq mi**: 1347.31
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24354
- **area code**: Area code 276, 276
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-49464
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498513
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10.76
- **area land km2**: 10.69
- **area water km2**: 0.08
- **population density km2**: 537.98
- **elevation ft**: 2,500
McKenney, Virginia

**McKenney, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Melfa, Virginia

**Melfa, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Middleburg, Virginia

**Middleburg, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Town of Middleburg
- **name**: Middleburg, Virginia
- **image skyline**: Middleburg, Virginia (6044577732).jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Middleburg
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: "Semel et Semper"
("Once and Always")
- **pushpin map**: USA Virginia Northern#USA Virginia#USA
- **pushpin label**: Middleburg
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1787
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Loudoun County, Virginia, Loudoun
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Bridge Littleton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 1.04
- **area land sq mi**: 1.04
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2010 United States Census, 2010
- **population total**: 673
- **population density sq mi**: 804.24
- **elevation ft**: 486
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (ET)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 20117–20118
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-51448
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1470422
- **website**: [http://www.middleburgva.gov/ www.middleburgva.gov]
- **pop est as of**: 2019
- **population est**: 834
- **area total km2**: 2.70
- **area land km2**: 2.69
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **population density km2**: 310.49
Middletown, Virginia

**Middletown, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Mineral, Virginia

**Mineral, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. In the 2020 census, 470 people lived in Mineral.

## 2011 earthquake

At 1:51 p.m. on August 23, 2011, a 5.8 magnitude earthquake was centered   south-southwest of Mineral. The center of the earthquake was  underground. According to the Associated Press, it "forced evacuations of all the monuments on the National Mall in Washington and rattled nerves from Florida to Canada". The roof of Mineral's town hall collapsed. three of the six schools in the county were heavily damaged. No one died, and some people had minor injuries.
Monterey, Virginia

**Monterey, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is the county seat of Highland County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Monterey, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Looking down into Monterey, Virginia.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: The view down into Monterey
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Monterey.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Monterey, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Highland County, Virginia, Highland
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.32
- **area land sq mi**: 0.32
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 0.82
- **area land km2**: 0.82
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 165
- **population density sq mi**: 523.8
- **population density km2**: 202.2
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 2894
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24465
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-52680
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498517
Montross, Virginia

**Montross, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Mount Crawford, Virginia

**Mount Crawford, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Mount Jackson, Virginia

**Mount Jackson, Virginia**, is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Narrows, Virginia

**Narrows, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Nassawadox, Virginia

**Nassawadox, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia, in Northampton County.
New Castle, Virginia

**New Castle, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: New Castle, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: File:New Castle, Virginia - panoramio - Idawriter.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: A view over New Castle to the mountains
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-NewCastle.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of New Castle, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Craig County, Virginia, Craig
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.17
- **area land sq mi**: 0.17
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 125
- **population density sq mi**: 927.27
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1352
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24127
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-55592
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498522
New Market, Virginia

**New Market, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is in Shenandoah County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: New Market, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: 2016-07-19 13 49 12 View south along U.S. Route 11 and west along U.S. Route 211 (Congress Street) at Old Cross Road in New Market, Shenandoah County, Virginia.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown New Market
- **image blank emblem**: Logo of New Market, Virginia.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-NewMarket.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of New Market, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Shenandoah County, Virginia, Shenandoah
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 2.03
- **area land sq mi**: 2.02
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **area total km2**: 5.27
- **area land km2**: 5.23
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2155
- **population density sq mi**: 1066.3
- **population density km2**: 411.7
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 1053
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 22844
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-55848
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1497040
- **website**: [http://www.newmarketvirginia.com Town of New Market]
Newsoms, Virginia

**Newsoms, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Nickelsville, Virginia

**Nickelsville** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. The population of the town is 378 according to the 2020 United States Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nickelsville, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Nickelsville UMC.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Methodist church in 2017
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Nickelsville.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Nickelsville, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Scott County, Virginia, Scott
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.48
- **area land sq mi**: 0.48
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 1.24
- **area land km2**: 1.24
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 378
- **population density sq mi**: 789.1
- **population density km2**: 304.7
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 1916
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24271
- **area code**: Area code 276, 276
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-56304
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1493348
Occoquan, Virginia

**Occoquan, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Onancock, Virginia

**Onancock, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Onley, Virginia

**Onley, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Orange, Virginia

**Orange** is a town and the county seat of Orange County, Virginia, United States. The population was 4,880 at the 2020 census. Orange is  northeast of Charlottesville and  southwest of Washington, D.C.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Orange, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Train Depot (Orange, VA).JPG
- **image caption**: Restored train depot in Orange, now used as a visitors' center
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Orange.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Orange, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Orange County, Virginia, Orange
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1834; Officially in 1872
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 3.38
- **area land sq mi**: 3.36
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4880
- **population density sq mi**: 1516.22
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 522
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 22960
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-59496
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498525
- **website**: [http://www.townoforangeva.org/index.asp?NID=31 Town of Orange official website]
- **area total km2**: 8.75
- **area land km2**: 8.71
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **population density km2**: 585.36
Painter, Virginia

**Painter, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Pamplin City, Virginia

**Pamplin City, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is in both Appomattox and Prince Edward counties.  The population was 138 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Pamplin City, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Pamplin Clay Pipe Factory 3837.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: The Pamplin Pipe Factory, a federally designated historic site
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-PamplinCity.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Pamplin City, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Appomattox County, Virginia, Appomattox, Prince Edward County, Virginia, Prince Edward
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Town Council
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.32
- **area land sq mi**: 0.32
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 0.82
- **area land km2**: 0.82
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 138
- **population density sq mi**: 436.7
- **population density km2**: 168.6
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: Federal Postal Code
- **postal code**: 23958
- **area code**: 434
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-60488
Parksley, Virginia

**Parksley, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Pearisburg, Virginia

**Pearisburg, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is the county seat of Giles County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Pearisburg, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Giles courthouse, Pearisburg.jpg
- **imagesize**: 175px
- **image caption**: Giles County Courthouse, Confederate Memorial and cupola in Pearisburg
- **pushpin map**: Shenandoah Valley#USA Virginia#USA
- **pushpin label**: Pearisburg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision name2**: Giles County, Virginia, Giles
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 3.20
- **area land sq mi**: 3.19
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 8.28
- **area land km2**: 8.27
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area water percent**: 0.15
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2909
- **population density sq mi**: 911.3
- **population density km2**: 351.9
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 1808
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24134
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-61208
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1498527
Pembroke, Virginia

**Pembroke, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Pennington Gap, Virginia

**Pennington Gap, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Phenix, Virginia

**Phenix, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Pocahontas, Virginia

**Pocahontas, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia named after Pocahontas.
Port Royal, Virginia

**Port Royal, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Pound, Virginia

**Pound, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Pulaski, Virginia

**Pulaski, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Purcellville, Virginia

**Purcellville, Virginia** is a town in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Purcellville, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Town of Purcellville, Downtown District.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Purcellville in November 2014
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Purcellville.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Purcellville, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Loudoun County, Virginia, Loudoun
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: March 14, 1908
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 3.40
- **area land sq mi**: 3.38
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 8929
- **population density sq mi**: 2626.2
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 574
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 20132, 20134, 20160
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-65008
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1472871
- **area total km2**: 8.81
- **area land km2**: 8.77
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **population density km2**: 1161.02
Quantico, Virginia

**Quantico, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Remington, Virginia

**Remington, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Rich Creek, Virginia

**Rich Creek, Virginia** is a town in Giles County, Virginia, Virginia, United States. The population was 749 at the 2020 census. It is part of the "Blacksburg, Virginia–Christiansburg, Virginia–Radford, Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area."
Richlands, Virginia

**Richlands, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Ridgeway, Virginia

**Ridgeway, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Black-legged dart frog

The **black-legged dart frog**, **two-toned poison frog**, **black-legged poison frog**, or **two-toned arrow poison frog**  (_Phyllobates bicolor_), also known as the **bicolored dart frog** or **Neari** in Choco, is the second most toxic of the wild poison dart frogs.  It lives in Colombia and Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 32.1-39.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 35.7-42.7 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back and sides and of the tops of the back legs are gold or orange in color. The tops of the front legs are black in color, sometimes with yellow or blue spots. The belly can be all black or black with orange, gold, or blue-green color. The eardrum is part black and part yellow-orange. The iris of the eye is red-brown in color.

## Young

The male frog calls to the female frogs from far away.  When the female comes to him, he calls a different call. Then he leads her to a good place to lay eggs. She lays the eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. The male frog takes care of the eggs after the female lays them. He makes sure they do not become too dry. The eggs hatch into tadpoles after 14 days. Then the male frog carries the tadpoles to pools of water in streams.

Young frogs are dark brown or black in color with two yellow stripes.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives in the dead leaves on the ground near streams. It lives in forests that are not too high up in the mountains. People have seen this frog between 400 and 1500 meters above sea level.

## Poison

Human beings who live where the frog lives, the Chocó Indians, have used the frog to poison arrows.  The human can touch the arrow to the frog's back without killing it.  Or the human can kill and heat the frog's body.

The poison in the frog's skin is a chemical called batrachotoxin.  The frog gets the poison from the ants and other insects that it eats.  So frogs kept as pets do not have poison. Frogs that hatch and grow with humans do not make poison. Scientists say this is because the frog needs to eat ants, mites, or beetles to make the poison. Wild frogs that people catch still make poison even if they live with humans for a long time

## Threats

There are fewer of these frogs than there were.  Scientisis think this could be because human beings change the places where the frog lives.  Humans turn the forests into forms and take the trees for lumber.  Human beings also catch these frogs to sell as pets. Fish that human beings brought to Colombia also kill and eat this frog.

Scientists think the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ could kill this frog. _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ causes the fungal disease chitridiomycosis. Scientists do not think it is a problem now.

At least one of the places this frog lives is a protected park: Tatamá National Park.
Junglefowl

**Junglefowl** are the four living species of bird from the genus ***Gallus*** in the pheasant family. They occur in India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.

These are large birds, with colourful male plumage. They are difficult to see in the dense vegetation they live in.

The junglefowl are seed-eaters, but insects are also taken, particularly by the young birds.

One of the species in this genus, the Red Junglefowl, is of historical importance as the likely ancestor of the domesticated chicken.
Red junglefowl

The **red junglefowl** (_Gallus gallus_) is a tropical member of the family Phasianidae. They are the ancestors of all our domestic chickens. They were first domesticated in Asia, where they are native. Some of the less specialized domestics, such as the brown leghorns, keep color patterns similar to that of their wild ancestors. The males are about two pounds (1kg) in weight.

## Bathing

Red junglefowl regularly bathe in dust to keep just the right balance of oil in their plumage. The dust absorbs extra oil and it subsequently falls off.
Rocky Mount, Virginia

**Rocky Mount, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Round Hill, Loudoun County, Virginia

**Round Hill** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is about 50 miles from Washington, D.C. It was named "Round Hill" for being located two miles from of a hill used during the American Civil War as a signal post by both Confederate and Union troops. In the 2020 Census, 693 people and 193 families lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Round Hill, Loudoun County, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Round-Hill-United-Methodist-Church.jpg
- **image caption**: Round Hill United Methodist Church, established 1889
- **pushpin map**: USA Virginia#USA
- **pushpin label**: Round Hill
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Loudoun County, Virginia, Loudoun
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1900
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.37
- **area land sq mi**: 0.37
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 0.96
- **area land km2**: 0.95
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 693
- **population density sq mi**: 1888.3
- **population density km2**: 729.1
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 548
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-69168
Rural Retreat, Virginia

**Rural Retreat, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Saltville, Virginia

**Saltville** is a town in Smyth and Washington counties in Virginia, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saltville, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **website**: http://www.saltville.org/
- **image skyline**: SaltvilleVa.jpg
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Saltville.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, Counties
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision name2**: Smyth County, Virginia, Smyth, Washington County, Virginia, Washington
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 8.13
- **area land sq mi**: 8.02
- **area water sq mi**: 0.11
- **area total km2**: 21.06
- **area land km2**: 20.76
- **area water km2**: 0.29
- **area water percent**: 1.40
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1824
- **population density sq mi**: 227.5
- **population density km2**: 87.9
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 1726
- **elevation m**: 526
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24370
- **area code**: Area code 276, 276
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-70096
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1486913
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Saxis, Virginia

**Saxis, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Scottsburg, Virginia

**Scottsburg, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Scottsville, Virginia

**Scottsville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Shenandoah, Virginia

**Shenandoah, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shenandoah, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: DowntownShenandoah.jpg
- **imagesize**: 266px
- **image caption**: Downtown Shenandoah
- **pushpin map**: Virginia#USA
- **pushpin label**: Shenandoah
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Virginia##Location within the USA
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Page County, Virginia, Page
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 2.26
- **area land sq mi**: 2.17
- **area water sq mi**: 0.10
- **area total km2**: 5.86
- **area land km2**: 5.61
- **area water km2**: 0.25
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2486
- **population density sq mi**: 1147.7
- **population density km2**: 443.1
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 988
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 22849
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-71776
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1494269
Smithfield, Virginia

**Smithfield, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
South Boston, Virginia

**South Boston, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
South Hill, Virginia

**South Hill, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
St. Charles, Virginia

**St. Charles, Virginia** is a unincorporated town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
St. Paul, Virginia

**St. Paul, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Stanardsville, Virginia

**Stanardsville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Stanley, Virginia

**Stanley, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Stephens City, Virginia

**Stephens City, Virginia** is a town in Frederick County, Virginia.  The town had a population of 2,016 at the time of the 2020 census.

## History

The German Protestants from Heidelberg, Germany were the founders of the town. Their leader was Peter Stephens. He came from Pennsylvania in 1732. Stephens would buy some land from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. The land was set out in parcels at first. Later, it was made into "Stephensburgh" in 1758 by Peter's son Lewis.

By the start of the Revolutionary War, "Stephensburg" was often called simply "Newtown".

The town was almost burned by Union forces during the Civil War. This was when Union forces were attacked by Newtown residents. Major Joseph K. Stearns of the 1st New York Cavalry disobeyed an order from a higher ranking General and saved the town.

The town was again renamed "Stephens City" in 1880. This happened after a row with the United States Postal Service.

Today, the town is a busy place of throughfare with Interstate 81 and US Route 11. The center of the town is recognized by the National Register of Historic Places.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Town of Stephens City

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Stephens City, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: StephensCity Route11 277 Xing.JPG
- **image caption**: Intersection of Routes U.S. Route 11, 11 and Virginia State Route 277, 277 in the center of town
- **image map**: Virginia Frederick Stephens City.png
- **map caption**: Location in Frederick County, Virginia
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin label**: Stephens City
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision name2**: Frederick County, Virginia, Frederick
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: October 12, 1758
- **founder**: Lewis Stephens
- **named for**: The Stephens family
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 2.46
- **area land sq mi**: 2.43
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **area total km2**: 6.36
- **area land km2**: 6.28
- **area water km2**: 0.08
- **population density km2**: 328.37
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2016
- **population density sq mi**: 850.37
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 764
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 22655
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-75344
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1500159
Stony Creek, Virginia

**Stony Creek, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. It has a population of approximately 200.
Strasburg, Virginia

**Strasburg, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It is the largest town in Shenandoah County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Strasburg, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: File:Strasburg S&E Mfg.jpg
- **image caption**: Front and western side of the former Strasburg Stone and Earthenware Manufacturing Company (now Strasburg Museum)
- **nickname**: Pot Town
- **map caption**: Location of Strasburg in Virginia
- **pushpin map**: Virginia
- **pushpin label**: Strasburg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Shenandoah County, Virginia, Shenandoah
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1761
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1871
- **founder**: Peter Stover
- **government type**: Mayor-Council government, Mayor-Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Town Manager
- **leader title2**: Town Council, Council
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 4.11
- **area land sq mi**: 4.07
- **area water sq mi**: 0.04
- **area total km2**: 10.65
- **area land km2**: 10.54
- **area water km2**: 0.10
- **elevation ft**: 578
- **population total**: 7083
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: 1739.9
- **population density km2**: 671.8
- **utc offset1**: −05:00
- **utc offset1 dst**: −04:00
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 22657
- **area code**: 540
- **blank name sec1**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info sec1**: 51-76000
- **blank1 name sec1**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info sec1**: 1487663
Stuart, Virginia

**Stuart, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Surry, Virginia

**Surry, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Tangier, Virginia

**Tangier, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Tappahannock, Virginia

**Tappahannock, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Tazewell, Virginia

**Tazewell, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
The Plains, Virginia

**The Plains, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Timberville, Virginia

**Timberville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Toms Brook, Virginia

**Toms Brook, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Troutdale, Virginia

**Troutdale, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Troutville, Virginia

**Troutville, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Troutville, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: MillCreekBaptistTroutvilleVirginia.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Mill Creek Baptist Church
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-Troutville.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Troutville, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Botetourt County, Virginia, Botetourt
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 0.69
- **area land sq mi**: 0.69
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 458
- **population density sq mi**: 663.77
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 424
- **elevation ft**: 1391
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 24175
- **area code**: Area code 540, 540
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-79472
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1493720
- **website**: https://townoftroutville-va.gov/
- **area total km2**: 1.79
- **area land km2**: 1.79
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population density km2**: 255.87
Urbanna, Virginia

**Urbanna, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Victoria, Virginia

**Victoria, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Vienna, Virginia

**Vienna** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. It has been a town since 1890. It has a population of 16,473 as of 2020 and it is about 350 feet above sea level.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Vienna, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: File:Vienna, VA 22180, USA - panoramio.jpg
- **image caption**: Street scene in Vienna
- **pushpin map**: USA Virginia#USA
- **pushpin label**: Vienna
- **image map**: Fairfax County Virginia Incorporated and Unincorporated Areas Vienna highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location of Vienna in Fairfax County, Virginia, Fairfax County, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Fairfax County, Virginia, Fairfax
- **government type**: Council–manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Town manager
- **established title1**: Settled
- **established date1**: 1754
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1890
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 4.41
- **area land sq mi**: 4.40
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 16473
- **population density sq mi**: 3741.3
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 22180-22183, 22185
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 358
- **area code**: Area codes 571 and 703, 571 and 703
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-81072
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1500258
- **area total km2**: 11.42
- **area land km2**: 11.40
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **population density km2**: 1451.69
Vinton, Virginia

**Vinton, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia. About 8,000 people live in Vinton. Vinton is a suburb of Roanoke since it lies directly east of Roanoke.
Virgilina, Virginia

**Virgilina, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Wachapreague, Virginia

**Wachapreague, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Wakefield, Virginia

**Wakefield, Virginia** is a town in the U.S. state of Virginia.