juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
R42 (New York City Subway car)

The **R42** was a train that was built between 1969 and 1970. There were 400 train cars in the fleet which were numbered from 4550-4949. The introduction of R179 caused the final R42s to be retired. After this, many of the cars were either thrown into the ocean or kept for usage by train maintainence workers.

## Infobox (train)

- **name**: R42
- **image**: MTA NYC Subway J train at Marcy Ave.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: An R42 train on the **J (New York City Subway service), J** at Marcy Avenue (BMT Jamaica Line), Marcy Avenue
- **interiorimage**: R42 Z train interior, dark.jpg
- **interiorcaption**: Interior of an R42 car
- **service**: 1969–2020
- **manufacturer**: St. Louis Car Company
- **factory**: St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- **yearconstruction**: 1969–1970
- **yearservice**: May 9, 1969
- **refurbishment**: 1988–1989
- **yearscrapped**: 2007–2008 (all CI-rebuilt cars)
 2007–2013 (most MK-rebuilt cars)
- **numberbuilt**: 400
- **numberservice**: (48 in work service)
- **numberpreserved**: 5
- **numberscrapped**: 347
- **successor**: R160 (New York City Subway car), R160 and R179 (New York City Subway car), R179
- **formation**: Married Pairs
- **fleetnumbers**: 4550–4949
- **capacity**: 44 (seated)
- **operator**: New York City Subway
- **carbody**: Stainless Steel with Carbon Steel chassis, roof and underbody, Fiberglass A-end bonnet and B-end top bonnet
- **trainlength**: 2 car train:
4 car train:
6 car train:
8 car train:
10 car train:
- **doors**: 8 sets of 50 inch wide side doors per car
- **deceleration**: (Full Service)
  (Emergency)
- **traction**: General Electric (GE) SCM propulsion system using Westinghouse 1447J motors
 on all axles
- **electricsystem**: 600 Volt, V Direct current, DC Third rail
- **collectionmethod**: Contact shoe
- **brakes**: _CI rebuilds:_ New York Air Brake SMEE / Newtran (dynamic and friction), A.S.F. simplex unit cylinder clasp (tread) brake
_MK rebuilds:_ WABCO "SMEE" Braking System, A.S.F. simplex unit cylinder clasp (tread) brake
- **safety**: train stop, tripcock
- **coupling**: Westinghouse H2C
- **light**: halogen light bulbs
Reddiar

**Reddiar** (also spelt as **Reddiyar**) is a Telugu speaking land owning, merchants, agricultural social group in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry.

Reddiars, Reddy, Reddappa are considered and believed to come from the same origins and they spread across the lands of Southern and Central India. They are the patrons/financial supporters of local temples in Tamil Region. The names have been believed to be derived according to the regions they are spread across. Reddy in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Reddiar (Reddy + ar) in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, and Kerala. Reddy, Reddappa (Reddy + appa- signifying respect) in Karnataka.

Many Reddiars moved from the Andhra region in search of rich soil for cultivation and settled in Pondicherry and the northern districts of Cuddalore, Villupuram and Chengalpet in Tamil Nadu during Vijayanagar Empire. (In People of India/Indian Communities, Oxford University Press).

The migration of the Reddys/Reddiars to Tamil Nadu is assumed to have occurred during the Reddy dynasty expansion till Kanchipuram areas.

Following are the districts that have significant Reddiar Population. Chennai, Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Ranipet, Vellore, Thirupattur, Thiruvannamalai, Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Puducherry, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, Erode, Tiruppur, Coimbatore, Karur, Perambalur, Tiruchirappalli, Dindigul, Madurai
Sulaiman Al-Alwan

**Sulayman al-Alwan** is a Saudi scholar who promotes militant jihad to Muslims. He has published works such as an explanation of Kitab at-Tawheed and an explanation of the Three Principles of Islam. He has received praise from the former Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Abdulaziz ibn Baz due to his righteousness. He was sent to prison for 15 years due to him being allegedly a "al-Qaeda mufti."

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **religion**: Islam
- **name**: Sulaymān al-ʿAlwān
- **alt**: a headshot of Sulaymān bin Nāṣir bin ʿAbdillāh al-ʿAlwān wearing a red and white checked keffiyeh
- **caption**: Sulaymān bin Nāṣir bin ʿAbdillāh al-ʿAlwān
- **birth name**: Sulaymān ibn Nāṣir al-ʿAlwān
- **birth date**: 1969
- **birth place**: Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- **other names**: Abū ʿAbd Allāh
- **nationality**: Saudis, Saudi Arabian
- **denomination**: Sunni
- **jurisprudence**: Hanbali
- **creed**: Athari
- **movement**: Salafi Jihadism, Hamoud al-Aqla al-Shu'aybi#Al-Shuebi School ,  Shuaybiyya
- **main interests**: Hadith, Politics
- **influences**: Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyya, Hamoud al Aqla al Shuebi
- **influenced**: Abdullah al-Muhaysini
- **native name lang**: ar
- **native name**: سُلَيْمَانُ الْعِلْوَانِ
Game over

***Game over*** is a message signaling that the game has ended, usually because the player failed (for example by losing all of their lives) but sometimes following successful completion of the game.
Nick Begich III

**Nicholas Joseph Begich III** (born October 21, 1977) is an American businessman and politician. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Alaska's at-large congressional district since 2025. He beat Democratic incumbent Mary Peltola in the 2024 election. He ran for the seat in 2022, but lost the election to Peltola.

His grandfather, Nick Begich Sr., was also the U.S. Representative for Alaska's at-large congressional district. His uncle, Mark Begich, is a former U.S. Senator.

## Other websites

- Nick Begich for Alaska campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nick Begich III
- **image**: Rep. Nick Begich III (119th Congress) (3x4 full).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **alt**: A 44-year-old man smiling at the camera.
- **state**: Alaska
- **term start**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Mary Peltola
- **birth name**: Nicholas Joseph Begich III
- **birth place**: Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 1
- **education**: Baylor University (Bachelor of Business Administration, BBA)
Indiana University Bloomington (Master of Business Administration, MBA)
Ed Case

**Edward Espenett Case** (born September 27, 1952) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He has been the U.S. representative for Hawaii's 1st congressional district since 2019. He represented the 2nd district from 2002 to 2007.

## Other websites

- Congressman Ed Case official U.S. House website
- Ed Case for Congress official campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ed Case
- **image**: Ed Case, official portrait, 117th Congress.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2022
- **office**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from Hawaii
- **term start1**: January 3, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Colleen Hanabusa
- **term start2**: November 30, 2002
- **term end2**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor2**: Patsy Mink
- **successor2**: Mazie Hirono
- **state house3**: Hawaii
- **district3**: 23rd
- **term start3**: November 8, 1994
- **term end3**: November 30, 2002
- **predecessor3**: Brian Taniguchi
- **successor3**: Galen Fox
- **birth name**: Edward Espenett Case
- **birth place**: Hilo, Hawaii, Hilo, Territory of Hawaii, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Williams College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (Juris Doctor, JD)
Thomas Gill (politician)

**Thomas Ponce Gill** (April 21, 1922 – June 3, 2009) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1963 to 1965. He was the fourth lieutenant governor of Hawaii from 1966 to 1970. He unsuccessfully ran for governor twice, in 1970 and 1974.

Gill died on June 3, 2009 in Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- _Honolulu Star-Bulletin_ article on role in 1964 Civil Rights Act

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thomas Gill
- **image**: Thomas Gill.jpg
- **office**: 4th Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
- **governor**: John A. Burns
- **term start**: December 2, 1966
- **term end**: December 2, 1970
- **predecessor**: Andrew T. F. Ing
- **successor**: George Ariyoshi
- **state1**: Hawaii
- **term start1**: January 3, 1963
- **term end1**: January 3, 1965
- **predecessor1**: Daniel Inouye
- **successor1**: Patsy Mink
- **birth name**: Thomas Ponce Gill
- **birth place**: Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
- **death place**: Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
- **restingplace**: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Lois Hanawalt
- **children**: 6
- **education**: University of Hawaii at Manoa, University of Hawaii, Manoa
University of California, Berkeley (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Bachelor of Law, LLB)
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1945
- **rank**: Technical sergeant, Technical Sergeant
- **unit**: Hawaii Army National Guard, Hawaii Territorial Guard
24th Infantry Division (United States), 24th Infantry
- **battles**: New Guinea campaign, New Guinea Campaign
Philippines Campaign (1944–1945), Philippines Campaign
- **mawards**:  Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star
 Purple Heart
Jean Ariyoshi

**Jean Hayashi Ariyoshi** (born October 30, 1933) is an American politician, writer and preservationist. She was the First Lady of Hawaii from 1974 to 1986. She promoted "A Million Trees of Aloha" reforestation of Hawaii that resulted in 1,138,000 trees being planted.

In 1955, she married George Ariyoshi. They have three children.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jean Ariyoshi
- **image**: Jean Ariyoshi (6341239579).jpg
- **office**: First Lady of Hawaii
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: December 2, 1974
- **term end**: December 1, 1986
- **predecessor**: Beatrice Burns
- **successor**: Lynne Waihee
- **governor**: George Ariyoshi
- **birth name**: Jean Hayashi
- **birth place**: Wahiawa, Territory of Hawaii
- **children**: 3
Mehraj Malik

**Mehraj Malik** (born in 1988) is an Indian politician and social worker from Jammu and Kashmir. He was elected as a member of legislative assembly (MLA) for the Doda Assembly constituency in October 2024. He was the Aam Aadmi Party's first and only winning MLA candidate in J&K as of 2024. On 17 October 2022, the Aam Aadmi Party appointed him as co-chairman of the J&K State Coordination Committee.

## Political career

Mehraj Malik began his political career after joining the AAP in 2013 and ran as an independent candidate in the 2014 Assembly elections. In 2020, he was elected to the Doda District Development Council as an independent candidate with the margin of 3511 votes in Kahara.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Mehraj Malik.jpg
- **caption**: Mehraj Malik
- **party**: Aam Aadmi Party
- **office**: Member of Legislative Assembly (India), Member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
- **predecessor**: Shakti Raj
- **term start**: 8 October 2024
- **constituency**: Doda Assembly constituency, Doda
- **office1**: Doda district, Doda District Development Council councillor
- **constituency1**: Kahara, Jammu and Kashmir, Kahara Constituency
- **term start1**: 24 December 2020
- **office2**: Co-chairman of J&K State Coordination Committee Aam Aadmi Party
- **predecessor2**: _Post established_
- **term start2**: 17 October 2022
- **birth name**: Mehraj Malik
- **birth place**: Bhalessa, Jammu and Kashmir (state), Jammu and Kashmir
- **profession**: Public servant
- **residence**: Tandla, Chilly Pingal, Bhalessa
- **alma mater**: University of Jammu (M.A in political science), University of Jammu (B.ed)
- **occupation**: Politician, social worker
- **name**: Mehraj Malik
Louis Debackere

**Louis Debackere** (1 September 1937 –  November 2024) was a Belgian football player from Bruges, playing as a midfielder. He played eight seasons with Club Brugge K.V. from 1957 to 1965.

### Sports career

He started playing football with Royal Antwerp F.C.. Aftwerwards in 1957, Debackere moved to Club Brugge K.V.. With Club Brugge he played as a midfielder eight season in the main team between 1957 and 1965.

Debackere was on the team when it promoted from the Belgian Second Division to the Belgian First Division A, the top division in Belgium, in 1959. After that, he played all his following years at the highest level in Belgium. He played a total of 167 matches with Club Brugge and scored seven goals, including 151 competition matches and four Belgian Cup matches.

Debackere was also a member of the Belgium national under-21 football team and played in March and April 1960 against Scotland and East Germany. Later the year in  October and November he played with the Belgium national aspirants football team in Switzerland and Hungary.

### Personal life

Debackere was born on 1 September 1937. After his playing career he was owner of furniture store “Meubels en Keukens Debackere” in Assebroek for decades. When he was 82 year old, he was reported missing after he left the  hospital in Brugge in January 2020. He was found in good health a day later.

Debackere died in November 2024, at the age of 87 years old.

## Other websites

- Image of Debackere
- Images and autograph of Debackere
- Image of Debackere at older age

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Louis Debackere
- **position**: Midfielder
- **height**: 165 cm
- **sport**: Association football
- **club**: Royal Antwerp F.C.
 Club Brugge K.V.
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **occupation**: football player
Baby shower

A **baby shower** is an event held before the birth of a child. It is done about two months before the calculated birth date. Very often, only female friends of the future mother are invited. They usually bring small presents for the mother or the child. The current trend to hold baby showers comes from the United States. Baby parties were already known in Ancient Greece. Amphidromia was a feast that happened about five days after birth: It was done to ritually make the newborn a member of the family.
Andrius Kubilius

**Andrius Kubilius** (born 8 December 1956) is a Lithuanian politician. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019. He was Prime Minister of Lithuania twice: from 1999 to 2000 and from 2008 to 2012. He led the conservative Homeland Union party.

## Early life

Kubilius was born in Vilnius. He studied physics at Vilnius University and completed postgraduate studies there from 1981 to 1984.

## Political career

Kubilius joined the pro-independence _Sąjūdis_ movement during Lithuania's break from the Soviet Union. After Lithuania became independent, he was elected to the Seimas (parliament) in 1992. He served as Deputy Speaker from 1996 to 1999.

Kubilius first became Prime Minister of Lithuania in 1999 after Rolandas Paksas resigned. He served until 2000. In 2008, he became Prime Minister again after his party won the elections. His government introduced unpopular austerity measures during the financial crisis, but Lithuania's economy recovered strongly.

## European Parliament

Kubilius was elected to the European Parliament in 2019. He works on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. He focuses on EU relations with Russia and supports reducing reliance on Russian energy.

In 2024, he was nominated as Lithuania's European Commissioner. He was given the Defence and Space portfolio.

## Personal life

Kubilius is married to Rasa Kubilienė, a violinist, and they have two children. He speaks Lithuanian, English, and Russian.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Andrius Kubilius
- **image**: Andrius Kubilius 2025 (cropped).jpg
- **party**: Homeland Union
- **birth place**: Vilnius, Lithuania
- **spouse**: Rasa Kubilienė
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Vilnius University
- **order**: Member of the European Parliament
- **term start**: 2 July 2019
- **constituency**: Lithuania (European Parliament constituency), Lithuania
- **order4**: Prime Minister of Lithuania
- **term start4**: 9 December 2008
- **term end4**: 13 December 2012
- **president4**: Valdas Adamkus
Dalia Grybauskaitė
- **predecessor4**: Gediminas Kirkilas
- **successor4**: Algirdas Butkevičius
- **term start5**: 3 November 1999
- **term end5**: 26 October 2000
- **predecessor5**: Irena Degutienė
- **successor5**: Rolandas Paksas
- **occupation**: Engineer, Politician
Maria Limanskaya

**Mariya Filippovna Limanskaya** (12 April 1924 – 26 November 2024) was a Soviet military traffic guard. She was a female member of Red Army traffic control units for three years during World War II. She became known as one of the Russian women who directed traffic at the Brandenburg Gate in 1945 after the Battle of Berlin.

Limanskaya turned 100 in April 2024. She died seven months later on 26 November 2024 in Marksovsky District, Russia.

## Other websites

- Maria Limanskaya interview with English subtitles on YouTube

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Mariya Limanskaya
- **native name**: Мария Филипповна Лиманская
- **image**: Регулировщица Победы Мария Лиманская у Бранденбургских ворот (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Limanskaya outside the Brandenburg Gate in May 1945
- **birth place**: Staraya Poltavka, Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Volga German ASSR, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, RSFSR, Soviet Union, USSR
- **death place**: Marksovsky District, Russia
- **branch**: Red Army
- **rank**: Corporal
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1945
- **awards**: Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class
Medal of Zhukov
Illinois's 1st congressional district

**Illinois's first congressional district** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is in Cook County. The district includes much of the South Side of Chicago and continues southwest to Joliet.

The district is currently represented by Jonathan Jackson who was elected in 2022.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Illinois
- **district number**: 1
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician), Jonathan Jackson
- **party**: Democratic
- **residence**: Chicago
- **english area**: 621.6
- **metric area**: 1610
- **population**: 751,575
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $67,268
- **percent white**: 36.1
- **percent hispanic**: 9.2
- **percent black**: 49.7
- **percent asian**: 2.0
- **percent other race**: 0.4
- **percent more than one race**: 2.7
- **cpvi**: D+20
Charlot Salwai

**Charlot Salwai Tabimasmas** (born 24 April 1963) is a Vanuatuan politician. He has been the Prime Minister of Vanuatu since 2023, having been prime minister before from 2016 to 2020. He is the leader of the Reunification of Movements for Change (RMC).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Charlot Salwai
- **honorific prefix**: The Honourable
- **honorific suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: Charlot Salwai, ITU Telecom World 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Vanuatu
- **term start**: 6 October 2023
- **predecessor**: Sato Kilman
- **president**: Nikenike Vurobaravu
- **term start1**: 11 February 2016
- **term end1**: 20 April 2020
- **predecessor1**: Sato Kilman
- **successor1**: Bob Loughman
- **deputy1**: Jotham Napat
- **office2**: Member of parliament, MP for Pentecost Island, Pentecost
- **term start2**: 2 May 2002
- **term end2**: 8 October 2021
- **successor2**: Sumptoh Blaise Tabisurin
- **birth place**: Pentecost Island, New Hebrides
- **party**: Reunification Movement for Change, Reunification Movement for
Change
- **spouse**: Marie-Justine Salwai
- **residence**: Port Vila, Vanuatu
- **occupation**: Accountant
- **profession**: Politician
- **caption**: Salwai in 2016
Illinois's 2nd congressional district

**Illinois's 2nd congressional district** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is in the south suburbs of Chicago. The district includes southern Cook county, eastern Will county, and Kankakee county, as well as the city of Chicago's far southeast side.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Illinois
- **district number**: 2
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Robin Kelly
- **party**: Democratic
- **residence**: Matteson
- **english area**: 3935.9
- **population**: 720,502
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $61,221
- **percent white**: 33.3
- **percent hispanic**: 15.3
- **percent black**: 47.0
- **percent asian**: 0.9
- **percent more than one race**: 3.0
- **percent other race**: 0.5
- **cpvi**: D+19
Bahmani Sultanate

The **Bahmani Sultanate** or the **Bahmani Kingdom** was a late medieval kingdom that ruled the Deccan plateau in India.

The Bahmani Sultanate began to weaken during the rule of Mahmood Shah. A mix of internal conflicts and revolts by five provincial governors (called tarafdars) caused the Sultanate to break into five separate states, known as the Deccan Sultanates. The last independent Bahmani state, Golkonda, fell in 1518, ending the 180-year rule of the Bahmanis over the Deccan. By 1527, the Bahmani kingdom officially dissolved, with the last four sultans becoming puppet rulers under Amir Barid I of the Bidar Sultanate.

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Bahmani Sultanate
- **common name**: Deccan
- **era**: Late Medieval
- **status**: Sultanate
- **year start**: 1347
- **date start**: 3 August
- **year end**: 1527
- **p1**: Delhi Sultanate
- **flag p1**: Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg
- **s1**: Deccan Sultanates
- **flag s1**: Deccan sultanates 1490 - 1687 ad.png
- **image map**: Map of the Bahmani Sultanate.png
- **image map caption**: The Bahmani Sultanate at its greatest extent in 1473
- **official languages**: Persian Language, Persian
- **common languages**: Marathi language, Marathi
Deccani
 Telugu language, Telugu
 Kannada language, Kannada
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Shia Islam
Sufism
- **currency**: Taka
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **leader1**: Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
- **year leader1**: 1347–1358
- **leader2**: Kalim-Allah Shah
- **year leader2**: 1525–1527
- **title leader**: Sultan
- **today**: India
Ice Age: Boiling Point

***Ice Age: Boiling Point*** (also called ***Ice Age 6: Boiling Point*** or simply known as ***Ice Age 6***) is an upcoming American animated adventure comedy movie. It is produced by 20th Century Animation and distributed by 20th Century Studios. It will serve as a sequel to _Ice Age: Collision Course_ (2016), the seventh overall installment in the _Ice Age_ movie series. Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Simon Pegg, and Queen Latifah will reprise their roles from the previous movie. It will be the first theatrical _Ice Age_ movie not to be produced by Blue Sky Studios, after it closed on April 10, 2021.

_Ice Age: Boiling Point_ is scheduled to be released in the United States on February 5, 2027.

## Cast

- Ray Romano as Manny, a woolly mammoth and the leader of the Herd.
- John Leguizamo as Sid, a ground sloth and the founder of the Herd.
- Denis Leary as Diego, a saber-toothed cat and the co-leader of the Herd.
- Queen Latifah as Ellie, a female woolly mammoth and Manny's wife.
- Simon Pegg as Buck, a one-eyed weasel and a dinosaur hunter.

## Production

On the possibility of a potential sequel to _Ice Age: Collision Course_ in June 2016, co-director Galen T. Chu said that there were some ideas for the sixth, seventh installment of the _Ice Age_ series. In July 2016, _Bustle_ noted that the potential of _Ice Age: Boiling Point_ being produced was relatively high even though it could mostly depend on the box office performance of the fifth movie.

In February 2017, _PopWrapped_ commented on the subject of a sequel, pointing out the fifth movie's poor reception and how the sequels "do not quite connect on an emotional level like the original", suggesting that the sixth film should return to its roots by reintroducing the humans from the first film.

In February 2022, producer Lori Forte discussed the possibility of a sequel while promoting _The Ice Age Adventures of Buck Wild_, saying, "I think it's a little premature. We hope that people will respond to this, and that will promote us to be able to do another movie. If the audiences want it, we've got plenty of ideas. There's no end to ideas and adventures and characters, so we're ready if they're ready."

In September 2024, John Leguizamo, the voice of Sid in the _Ice Age_ movies, revealed that the sixth movie was in development. By November 2024, during D23 in Brazil, the movie was officially announced to be in production with Ray Romano, Leguizamo, Denis Leary, Simon Pegg, and Queen Latifah reprising their roles from the previous movies. On August 30, 2025, Disney revealed that the movie was titled _Ice Age: Boiling Point_.

## Release

_Ice Age: Boiling Point_ is scheduled to be released in the United States on February 5, 2027.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Ice Age: Boiling Point
- **caption**: Official teaser logo
- **studio**: 20th Century Animation
- **distributor**: 20th Century Studios
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Jessi Slaughter cyberbullying case

**The Jessi Slaughter cyberbullying case** was a U.S. criminal case involving an 11-year-old girl named Jessica Leonhardt (known online as “Jessi Slaughter” and “Kerligirl13”), whose profanity-laden videos went viral on Instagram and YouTube in 2010. The videos were made in response to allegations that a friend had raped Leonhardt and that Leonhardt had had a sexual relationship with the lead singer of the _electropop_ band Blood on the Dance Floor, with a man named Dahvie Vanity (real name Jesus David Torres) while they were minors. This led to a campaign of telephone and Internet harassment against Leonhardt and his family, mainly attributed to 4chan users and members of the Internet group Anonymous A discussion began on the dangers of anonymity on the Internet and whether or not the Internet is a safe environment for minors and all people in general.

Leonhardt told The Independent in 2016, “I wouldn't even call what happened to me cyberbullying, it was straight up bullying and harassment. It started as cyberbullying but it evolved quickly.” Vanity has repeatedly denied all allegations against him. He has also denied knowing Leonhardt or any of the other victims who have accused him of sexual assault, rape and child molestation and has stated that Leonhardt was mentally ill.  The song “You Done Goofed” from the band's Epic album is about Leonhardt and Vanity's alleged experiences with them.
Abdication of Nicholas II

Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, meaning gave up, being the emperor of the Russian Empire on 2 March (Julian Calendar) / 15 March (Gregorian Calendar), 1917. He did it in the middle of World War I, a very important war that Russia was losing. The war was causing people to be poor and starve, and also millions of young Russians were dying in the war. People blamed Tsar Nicholas for their these problems. This caused the February Revolution, which was what made Tsar Nicholas abdicate.

The Emperor gave up the throne for both himself and his son, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. Nicholas said that his brother, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, should be emperor instead. Grand Duke Michael didn't want to take the throne, though. With these events, the rule of the 300-year-old House of Romanov ended.

Power in Russia then passed to the Russian Provisional Government, which was a more democratic form of government.

## Manifesto of Abdication (Abdication Statement)

**Summary**

Nicholas II said that he wants to give up the throne to his brother Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich because it will help people work together so that Russia will win World War 1. Nicholas II asks the people to be patriotic and help Russia gain victory. The statement ends with a plea to God to help Russia.

**English Translation of the Manifesto of Abdication**

**Simple English Translation**

As we fight against our foreign enemies in the World War, God has decided to give us another problem. Chaos from inside our nation, which come from the common people, might lead to us losing the war. If we want the destiny of Russia, the honor of our heroic army, the well-being of our people, and the future of the nation to turn out well, we have to win this war at any cost. Our cruel enemies are already tired, and our army will soon destroy them. In this important time for Russia, we thought it would be best that we help the Russian people work together the best they can so that all our effort can go towards a quick victory. In agreement with the representatives of the people, we have decided that we should give up the throne and stop making decisions for Russia. Since we don't want to be separated from our son (Alexei), we have decided to give the throne to our brother, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich. We give him our blessing to be a good Emperor. Our advice to our brother is that he should make decisions with the help and advice of the people's representatives, and also respect the governing groups they have created. In the name of our dearly beloved homeland, we ask our patriotic people to fulfill their holy responsibility to Russia. We ask that they obey the Emperor in this time of trouble, and to help the Emperor, together with the leaders of the people. We ask that they do all this to help the Russian Empire have victory, well-being, and glory. May the Lord God help Russia!
Invasion of Vijayangara

In 1464 Kapilendra deva with the help of  Alauddin Ahmad II of Bahmani Sultanate (possibility) invaded the Vijayanagar Empire  ruled by Malikarjuna (Dev Raya III) at that time, his son Hamvira deva captured Udayagiri, Chandragiri, Trichinapalli, Tanjore and Arcot from Malikarjuna and also was able to make him pay the tribute.

## Battle

According to the documents of the Gangadasa Bilasa Charitam, Kapilendra Deva ordered his son, Prince Hamvira Deva, to conquer Vijayanagara with Bahmani Sultanate. Hamvira Deva successfully took control of the capital city of Vijayanagara, forcing its weak emperor, Mallikarjuna Raya, to pay an annual tribute. In 1460 CE, Hamvira Deva's general, Tamavupala, captured the southern regions of Udayagiri and Chandragiri. Inscriptions from the Srirangam Temple near Trichinapalli state that Hamvira Deva's conquests reached as far south as Trichinapalli, Tanjore, and Arcot before he halted his advance. In 1464 CE, Hamvira Deva’s son, Dakshina Kapileswara Kumara, was appointed governor of the southern territories, including Chandragiri, after its conquest.

By 1464 CE, Kapilendra Deva ruled over a vast empire stretching from the Ganges River in the north to Trichinapalli in the south. This gave him the right to adopt the imperial titles of Gajapati, Gauḍeśvara, Navakoṭi Karṇāṭa, and Kalavargeśvara. Historian R. C. Majumdar stated that Kapilendra Deva was the most powerful Hindu king of his time, and under his rule, Odisha became an empire stretching from the lower Ganges in the north to the Kaveri River in the south. The Gopinathpur inscription from 1464 CE clearly describes his powerful position.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Gajapati invasion of Vijayanagara
- **partof**: Gajapati–Vijayanagara conflicts
- **date**: 1464–1470
- **place**: Vijayanagara Empire, Vijaynagar
- **result**: Gajapati Dynasty, Gajapati victory
- **combatant1**:  Gajapati Dynasty
- **combatant2**:  Vijayanagara Empire
- **commander1**:  Kapilendra deva
 Hamvira deva
 Tamavupala
- **commander2**:  Vijayanagara Empire, Malikarjuna
- **territory**: Udayagiri, Chandragiri, Tamil Nadu, Trichinapalli, Tamil Nadu, Tanjore and Tamil Nadu, Arco captured by Gajapatis.
- **partoff**: Wars involving Gajapati empire
Ameerega flavopicta

The **yellow-painted poison arrow frog**, **yellow-spotted frog**, or **Lutz's poison frog** (_Ameerega flavopicta_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil and Bolivia.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. People see it in cracks in rocks near streams and on plants near waterfalls and on the dead leaves on the ground. It can live in some grassy places. Scientists saw the frog between 400 and 1500 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in many protected places: Área de Preservação Ambiental da Nascente do Rio das Balsas, Área de Preservação Ambiental Lago de São Salvador do Tocantins, Paranana e Palmeirópolis, Área de Preservação Ambiental Morro da Pedreira, Área de Preservação Ambiental Pouso Alto, Área de Preservação Ambiental Serra da Jibóia, Área de Preservação Ambiental Serra do Cabral Augusto de Lima, Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Parque Estadual Cristalino II, Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo, Parque Nacional do Jamanxim, RPPN Fazenda Arruda, and RPPN Fazenda Pioneira.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans change the places where the frog lives. People make places for animals to eat grass and to make farms. People make dams, which changes streams and rivers. People cut down trees to get wood. Mining can also hurt this frog.

People do catch this frog to sell as a pet, but scientists say this is not a danger to the frog.
AutoNation

**AutoNation** is a company in the United States that sells cars. It is based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. AutoNation sells new and used cars and also offers car-related services.

The company started in 1996. Its founder is Wayne Huizenga. AutoNation began with 12 stores and now has over 300.

## History

In 1997, AutoNation bought Maroone Automotive Group for $200 million. In 1998, CarMax sued AutoNation for copyright issues. CarMax first won $50 million, but this was overturned.

In 2011, AutoNation became the first car retailer in the U.S. to sell 8 million cars. By 2022, it had sold 14 million cars.

In 2023, AutoNation bought RepairSmith, a company that provides car repair services at home, for $190 million.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: AutoNation, Inc.
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **founded**: 1996
- **founder**: Wayne Huizenga, H. Wayne Huizenga
- **key people**: Michael Manley (CEO), Mike Manley (CEO)
- **industry**: Car dealership
- **location city**: Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.
- **location country**: United States
Anupart Luangsodsai

**Ngern Anupart Luangsodsai**; (Thai: เงิน อนุภาษ เหลืองสดใส; born on November 30, 1996) or shortly known as **Ngern Anupart** is a Thai actor popular for best known for actong roles in BL series (Thai boys lovers) under Channel One31.

He went at Saint Gabriel's College in Bangkok, after studying acting and directing of his department.

Ngern joined the entertainment industry when he was cast in the hit 2014 series.

### Television series

- 2024 – _Fourever You_ as Arthit
- 2023 – _The Middleman's Love: Uncut_ as Man (Mai's brother)
- 2023 – _Love in Translation: Uncut_
- 2022 – _My Queen_ as Gem
- 2021 – _Somewhere Our Love Begins_ as Nont
- 2020 – _Neth Mahunnop_ as Simin
- 2020 – _Lady Bancham_ as Fiat
- 2019 – _Missing Piece_ as Poot Pitsawat
- 2019 – _Waiyawut_ as Kahon Maha Ratuek
- 2017 – _Part Time _ as Mong
- 2014 – _Love Sick Season 2_ as EarnMovie

### Movie

- 2014 – _Water Boyy:_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anupart Luangsodsai
- **birth name**: เงิน อนุภาษ เหลืองสดใส
- **birth place**: Bangkok, Thailand
- **other names**: Ngoen Anuphat Lueangsotsai
- **occupation**: Actor
- **nationality**: Thai
- **agent**: Channel One31
Seven & I Holdings

**Seven & i Holdings Co., Ltd.** (株式会社セブン&アイ・ホールディングス) is a Japanese diversified retail holdings company headquartered in Nibanchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo Japan.

## Background

On September 1, 2005, it was established as a result of the integration of three companies: Ito-Yokado, 7-Eleven, and Denny's.

## Related pages

- Aeon Group

## Other websites

- Seven & i Holdings Annual Report 2011 PDF
- Seven & i Holdings Corporate Outline 2011 PDF
- Seven & i Holdings Integrated Reports / Annual Reports
- Seven & i Major Subsidiaries and Affiliates

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Seven & i Holdings Co., Ltd.
- **logo**:

- **image**: Seven & i Holdings Headquaters.jpg
- **image caption**: Seven & i Holdings headquarters in Nibancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo
- **native name**: 株式会社セブン&アイ・ホールディングス
- **native name lang**: ja
- **romanized name**: Kabushiki gaisha Sebun ando Ai Hōrudingusu
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **traded as**:
TOPIX, TOPIX Core 30 Component
- **foundation**: (from merger)
- **location**: 8-8 Nibanchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Nibanchō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
- **key people**: Ryuichi Isaka (chairman, President (corporate title), president & Representative Director (Japan), Representative Director)
- **industry**: Retail
- **services**: Department stores, Superstores, Supermarkets, Convenience stores, Restaurants, Financial services
- **revenue**: US$80.125 billion (2023)
- **net income**: US$1.569 billion (2023)
- **assets**: US$70.789 billion (2023)
- **num employees**: 117,540 (2023)
- **equity**: US$20.290 billion (2023)
Toyota bZ3

The **Toyota bZ3** is an electric car made by Toyota. It is a small sedan that runs on batteries. The car was made in China, and it started being sold in 2023. The bZ3 is part of Toyota's series of electric cars called the bZ series. It is the first sedan in this series, and it was made together with the company BYD Auto. The car uses a special battery called the BYD Blade lithium iron phosphate battery, which allows it to drive for long distances on a single charge.

## History

The Toyota bZ3 was introduced in October 2022 in China. Before the bZ3 came out, there was a preview of the car shown by a concept model called the bZ SDN. This happened in December 2021. The bZ3 is the second car in Toyota's bZ line, after the Toyota bZ4X, which is a larger SUV. The bZ3 is made by a joint company called BYD Toyota EV Technology (BTET). This company works together with Toyota, BYD, and FAW Toyota to make electric cars.

## Resources

The Toyota bZ3 has a BYD Blade battery, which is a type of lithium iron phosphate battery. This battery can give the car a range of up to 600 km (around 375 miles) on a full charge. This means the car can travel a long distance before needing to be recharged. The car uses an electric motor that produces between 135 kW and 180 kW of power, which makes it easy to drive in the city and on highways. The car is also front-wheel drive, meaning the front wheels move the car. It has a 4-door sedan body, and it is made in China, in the city of Tianjin.

## Markets

The Toyota BZ3 currently is sold exclusively in China.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Toyota bZ3
- **image**: FAW-Toyota BZ3 For Guangzhou International Auto Show 2022 Part 2 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: 2023 Toyota bZ3 (China)
- **manufacturer**: Toyota
- **model code**: EA10L
- **production**: 2023–present
- **assembly**: China: Tianjin (FAW Toyota)
- **class**: Compact car
- **body style**: 4-door Sedan (automobile), sedan
- **layout**: Front-motor, front-wheel-drive
- **platform**: e-TNGA
- **motor**: 1×BYD Auto, BYD _TZ200-XS002_ (EAM10L)
- **battery**: Blade battery, BYD Blade Lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium iron phosphate
- **range**: (claimed)
- **sp**: uk
Toyota bZ4X

The **Toyota bZ4X** is a electric crossover SUV made by Toyota from 2022. It is the first car based on the e-TNGA platform and the first car of the Toyota bZ series.

## Overview

The bZ4X was previewed by bZ4X concept, revealed on 19 April 2021, and presented on Auto Shanghai on this day. In some markets, bZ4X is available with steer-by-wire system. This system was developed for Chinese market and available with yoke instead of traditional steering wheel.

## Resources

The bZ4X is powered by eAxle, which integrates an electric motor, gears and inverter. Front-wheel drive models use a single 1XM model that produces 150 kW (201 hp), while all-wheel drive models uses twin 1YM model that produces 80 kW (107 hp) for a combined output of 160 kW (215 hp)

## Other websites

- (bZ4X, US)
- (Solterra, US)
- Official press release (bZ4X)
- Official press release

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Toyota bZ4X
- **image**: Toyota bZ4X Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5895.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Toyota
- **production**: April 2022 – present
- **model years**: 2023–present (North America)
- **model code**: EA10
Adélaide de Maurienne

**Adelaide de Maurienne** (1092-1154) was a consort of France through her marriage to Louis VI of France.
Volkswagen ID.3

The **Volkswagen ID.3** is an electric car produced by Volkswagen. It is a small family car that uses electric power instead of gasoline. It is the first car to be built on the MEB platform, which is used for Volkswagen's electric vehicles. The ID.3 was first shown in 2016 as a concept car, and the production version was revealed in 2019. The car started being sold in 2020.

## History

The ID.3 was announced as a production car in May 2019 after being previewed as a concept car at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. The car was built using the MEB platform, which Volkswagen uses for many of their electric cars. The ID.3 was first available in Germany in September 2020. Volkswagen made the car in their factories in Zwickau, Germany, and Anting, China. In 2021, a new production line started at the Transparent Factory in Dresden.

## Features

The ID.3 is available with different battery sizes and driving ranges. It uses a rear motor and can come with either a 45 kWh, 58 kWh, or 77 kWh battery. The car's range depends on the battery size. For example, the 45 kWh battery gives a range of up to 330 km (205 miles), while the 77 kWh battery can go up to 550 km (340 miles). The ID.3 also supports fast charging through DC charging and can charge at a speed of up to 125 kW.

## Markets

The Volkswagen ID.3 is sold mainly in European countries but also in China.

## Infobox (electric vehicle)

- **name**: Volkswagen ID.3
- **image**: 2020 Volkswagen ID.3 1st Front.jpg
- **caption**: Volkswagen ID.3 1st
- **manufacturer**: Volkswagen
- **production**: November 2019 – present
- **designer**: Klaus Zyciora, Klaus Bischoff, Marco Antonio Pavone, Felipe Montoya Bueloni and Ákos Száz
- **class**: Small family car (C-segment, C)
- **body style**: 5-door hatchback
- **platform**: Volkswagen Group MEB platform, Volkswagen Group MEB
- **related**: Cupra Born
Volkswagen ID.4
- **motor**: APP 310 Brushless DC electric motor, permanent magnet brushless motor
- **transmission**: Single-speed
- **predecessor**: Volkswagen e-Golf
Chevrolet Menlo

The **Chevrolet Menlo** is a battery electric Compact car made by General Motors. Since 2020.

## History

The Chevrolet Menlo is based on the Chevrolet FNR-X concept, which was first shown at the 2017 Auto Shanghai. The production model was revealed in November 2019   at an event in Hefei, Anhui, and was also presented at the 2019 Auto Guangzhou. Pre-orders began in December 2019, and deliveries started on February 20, 2020. The Menlo is the lowest-priced compact electric car in China, with a government subsidy of up to 100,000 yuan (about US$14,250).

## Features

The Menlo has an electric motor with 130 kW (170 hp) from 2022 onward, and a battery capacity of 61.1 kWh for a range of 518 km (322 miles). Earlier models (2020-21) had a 52.5 kWh battery and a range of 410 km (250 miles). It can be charged in 8 hours using an AC charger or in 40 minutes to 80% with a DC fast charger. The car has three driving modes: standard, sport, and economy, along with three levels of energy recovery.

## Markets

The Chevrolet Menlo currently is sold only in China and is the first electric vehicle (EV) from Chevrolet available in the country.

## Infobox (electric vehicle)

- **name**: Chevrolet Menlo EV
- **image**: CHEVROLET MENLO China (3).jpg
- **manufacturer**: General Motors
- **production**: 2020–present
- **model years**: 2020–present
- **assembly**: China: Wuhan, Hubei (SAIC-GM)
- **class**: Compact car (C-segment, C)
- **body style**: 5-door Station wagon, wagon
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, front-wheel drive
- **transmission**: Fixed gear ratio
- **related**: Buick Velite 6
Chevrolet Bolt
- **designer**: Zongheng Sun
Toyota JPN Taxi

The **Toyota JPN Taxi** is a hybrid electric taxi developed by Toyota, designed to meet accessibility and environmental standards set by the Japanese government.  Launched in 2017, it was created to replace the Toyota Comfort model and is primarily used in Japan, though it has also been exported to markets such as Hong Kong and Thailand.

## History

The JPN Taxi was first shown as a concept at the 43rd Tokyo Motor Show in 2013 and entered production in 2017. Its development was driven by the Japanese government's mandate for a "universal design" for taxis, aimed at better serving all passengers, including those with disabilities. The model was also designed to meet stricter emissions standards and has become an iconic part of public
transportation in Japan.

## Features

The JPN Taxi features a hybrid powertrain using Toyota's THS II hybrid system, combining a 1.5-liter gasoline engine with an electric motor. The vehicle is designed for accessibility, with electrically operated sliding rear doors and a spacious interior, including a ramp for wheelchair users. It is equipped with advanced safety features such as collision sensors and multiple airbags.

## Usage

The JPN Taxi has been widely adopted in Japan, especially in Tokyo, where it is a popular choice for taxi companies, supported by government subsidies. It was also introduced in Hong Kong under the name Toyota Comfort Hybrid  and, more recently, in Thailand as the Toyota Thai Taxi.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Toyota JPN Taxi
- **image**: TOYOTA JPNTAXI Nihonkotsu Taxi.jpg
- **caption**: A Toyota JPN Taxi used by Nihon Kotsu
- **manufacturer**: Toyota
- **model code**: NTP10
- **aka**: Toyota Comfort Hybrid (Hong Kong)
Toyota Thai Taxi (Thailand)
- **production**: October 2017 – present
- **assembly**: Japan: Susono, Shizuoka (Toyota Motor East Japan); Ōhira, Miyagi (Toyota Motor East Japan)
- **class**: Taxi
- **body style**: 5-door Minivan, MPV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **platform**: Toyota B platform
- **related**: Toyota Sienta#XP170, Toyota Sienta Hybrid (XP170)
- **engine**: 1.5 L _Toyota NZ engine#1NZ-FXP, 1NZ-FXP_ Straight-four engine, I4
- **motor**: _2LM_ Alternating current, AC Synchronous motor, synchronous
- **transmission**: 1-speed Epicyclic gearing, planetary gear
- **drivetrain**: Full hybrid (Hybrid Synergy Drive, THS II)
- **battery**: Nickel–metal hydride battery, Nickel–metal hydride
- **predecessor**: Toyota Comfort/Toyota Crown Sedan
- **designer**: Hiroshi Kayukawa
Battle of Mardin (1833)

The **Battle of Mardin** was a battle in 1833-1835.

## Events

Prince Mir Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz and his army captured Mardin from The Ottomans.  The period of peace was finally halted when the Ottoman Empire came into conflict with the Khedivate of Egypt. Then, the city came under the rule of insurgents associated with the Kurdish Milli clan.

In 1835, the Milli tribe was subdued by the military troops of the Wāli of Diyarbekir Eyalet, Reşid Mehmed Pasha. During the siege, the city's Great Mosque was blown up. Between 1847 and 1865 the city's population suffered from a notable cholera epidemic, with the exact number of deaths not known.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Mardin (1833-1835)
- **place**: Mardin, Kurdistan Region
- **partof**: Rawandiz Revolt
- **combatant1**:  List of countries in the 1820s, Soran Emirate
- **result**: Soran victory
- **commander1**:  Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz
- **commander2**: Mahmud II
- **strength1**: Unknown
- **strength2**: Unknown
- **casualties2**: Unknown
- **date**: 1833-1835
- **casualties1**: Unknown