juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Harry Holman

**Harry James Holman** (March 15, 1862 – May 3, 1947) was an American character actor. He appeared in over 130 movies. His best known roles were as Grimwig in _Oliver Twist_ (1933), the mayor in _Meet John Doe_ (1941) and as the high school teacher Mr. Partridge in _It's a Wonderful Life_ (1946)''.

Holman died of a heart attack on May 3, 1947 in Hollywood, California at the age of 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Harry Holman
- **image**: Harry Holman in Oliver Twist (1933).jpg
- **caption**: Harry Holman in _Oliver Twist (1933 movie), Oliver Twist_ (1933)
- **birth place**: Conway, Missouri, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Hollywood, California, United States, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1923–1947
- **birth name**: Harry James Holman
- **othername**: Harold Holman
Conway, Missouri

**Conway** is a city in Laclede County, Missouri, United States. The population was 729 at the 2020 census. Conway is located  southwest of Lebanon.
Paul Rodriguez (actor)

**Paul Rodriguez Sr.** (born January 19, 1955) is a Mexican-American actor, comedian, singer and rapper.

He loves to talk about Hispanic/Latin-American culture.

He is known for his movie and television roles in _Blood Work_, _D.C. Cab_, _Born in East L.A._, _Tortilla Soup_, _Rat Race_, _Ali_, _King of the Hill_, _Dora the Explorer_, and _Beverly Hills Chihuahua_.

Rodriguez was born in Culiacan, Sinaloa. His family later migrated to Compton, California.

He is a well known Republican having supported the presidential campaigns of Mitt Romney and Donald Trump.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Paul Rodriguez
- **image**: Paul_Rodriguiez_1998.jpg
- **caption**: Rodriguez in 1998
- **birth place**: Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- **medium**: Comedy, film, television
- **nationality**: Mexican-American
- **genre**: Observational comedy, blue comedy, insult comedy, physical comedy, satire
- **subject**: Latin American culture, race relations, family, everyday life, human sexuality
- **active**: 1981–present
- **children**: 3 including Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder), Paul Rodriguez
Richard Kosolapov

**Richard Ivanovich Kosolapov** (; 25 March 1930 – 15 November 2020) was a Soviet Russian scientist, author, social philosopher and journalist. He was born in Novonikolaevskaya, Volgograd Oblast.  He was a Professor at the Moscow State University (MSU).

Starting in 1974, he became the First Deputy Chief Editor of _Pravda_, and in 1976 became the Editor-in-Chief of the _Kommunist_, a post which he held until 1986. During his time at _Kommunist_, he was twice elected to the Central Committee of the CPSU, in 1976 and 1981.

Kosolapov died on 15 November 2020 in Moscow at the age of 90.
Mohammad Ali (Bangladeshi politician)

**Mohammad Ali** ( – 13 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a Member of Parliament of Cox's Bazar-4 from 1996 to 2001. Ali was a member of the Awami League.

Ali died on 13 November 2020 at a hospital in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh at the age of 76.
Ravi Belagere

**Ravi Belagere** (15 March 1958 – 13 November 2020) was an Indian writer and journalist. He was born in Ballari, Karnataka. He was the editor of Kannada language tabloid _Hai Bangalore_ and the magazine _O Manase_.

## Early life and education

Ravi Belagere was born on 15 March 1958 in Ballari, Karnataka, India. He studied in Ballari and later moved to Bengaluru for higher studies. He completed a master's degree in history and worked as a lecturer before becoming a full-time writer and journalist.

## Career

Ravi Belagere became well known as the editor of Hai Bangalore, a popular Kannada tabloid started in the 1990s. The tabloid became famous for its bold and sensational reporting. He also started the magazine O Manase, which focused on youth issues and personal development. He wrote many books, including novels, biographies and crime stories. His writing style was direct, emotional and sometimes controversial.

He also worked in television and was a popular speaker and columnist. His columns like "Papigala Lokadalli" (In the World of Criminals) gained a lot of attention.

## Death

Ravi Belagere died from a heart attack on 13 November 2020 in Bangalore. He was 62 years old.
Bellary

**Bellary**, officially **Ballari**, in the eponymous Bellary district, is a major city in the state of Karnataka,Bharat, India. It is  from the state capital of Bangaluru and  from Hyderabad. Bellary has an urban population of 4,10,445 and metro population of 7,70,929.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bellary
- **official name**: Ballari
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Bellary Fort.JPG
- **image caption**: Bellary Fort
- **nickname**: Steel City
- **pushpin map**: India Karnataka#India
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Karnataka, Bharat, India
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of regions of India, Region
- **subdivision type3**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name1**: Karnataka
- **subdivision name2**: Hyderabad-Karnataka, Deccan
- **subdivision name3**: Bellary district, Bellary
- **government type**: Municipal Corporation
- **governing body**: Bellary Urban Development Authority
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Smt. B.Sweetha
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 89.95
- **elevation m**: 485
- **population urban**: 410445 (BUDA)
- **population rural**: 360484
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population metro**: 770929
- **population rank**: List of most populous cities in India, 111 (India),
 8th (Karnataka)
- **population demonym**: Ballarian
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 title2**: Regional
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 583 10x

area_code                       = (+91) 8392
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:IN, IN-KA
- **registration plate**: KA-34
- **blank1 name sec1**: Human sex ratio, Sex ratio
- **blank1 info sec1**: 1.04 male, ♂/female, ♀
- **leader title2**: Deputy Mayor
- **leader title3**: Commissioner
- **leader name3**: Sri.G.Khaleel Sab
- **demographics1 info1**: Kannada [Telugu]
- **blank2 name sec1**: Literacy
- **blank2 info sec1**: 79%
- **blank6 name sec1**: Distance from Bangalore
- **blank6 info sec1**: (Indian highways, land)
Brown River tree frog

The **Brown River tree frog** (_Litoria vocivincens_) is a frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives not far from the ocean.  Scientists saw as high in the hills as 1000 meters above sea level.
Avenue

The word “**Avenue**” has a similar meaning with the word “street” except that “Avenue” is most times used to describe a longer and bigger street.
Primordial black hole

In cosmology, **primordial black holes** (**PBHs**) are black holes that we think might exist in the Universe today. These black holes might have been created just after the Big Bang.

Immediately after the Big Bang, when the Universe was still getting bigger, the universe was an extreme place full of subatomic particles and lots of energy. Inside this extreme place, there were places where matter was very denser than the matter around it. In these places, gravity caused these places to collapse. This gravitational collapse would have created primordial black holes. These black holes are not created when very massive stars die like with stellar black holes but we're created in the early universe.

The idea of primordial black holes was first introduced by Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich and Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov in 1966. But, it was the Stephen Hawking who studied these interesting objects even more in 1971. Whether or not primordial black holes are real is still being talked about by scientists.

In September 2022, researchers gave an idea that primordial black holes might be the reason for the very massive early galaxies found by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Another interesting idea is that primordial black holes could be dark matter though we don't know if this is true.
Neopronoun

**Neopronouns** are new words used as third-person pronoun, used in place of he, she, it, one pronoun and singular they. Neopronouns are
neologisms (new language) used by some non-binary people. The 2021 Gender Census of non-binary people found that the most common neopronoun was xe/xem. Another example of neopronouns are thon/thons.

Neopronouns that are based on nouns are called nounself pronouns, such as fae/faer, moss/mossself, bun/bunself, moth/mothself, and rot/rotself. Spivak pronouns are based on they/them, such as ey/em and ae/aer.
Handover of Hong Kong

The **handover of Hong Kong**, or the **transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong** (also called "the Handover" or "the Return" in mainland China) was when the country that controlled Hong Kong was changed from the United Kingdom to China. The handover happened on 1 July 1997. Before this day, British Hong Kong was controlled by the United Kingdom as a colony and a British Dependent Territory. After the handover, Hong Kong became a special administrative region (SAR) of China.

The handover was the end of British control of Hong Kong. They governed over it for 156 years. Because the number of people living in Hong Kong was 6.5 million in 1997, it was the majority of people (97%) living in all British Dependent Territories. Some people think that the handover was the end of the British Empire.

### Background

The United Kingdom controlled many parts of India by the 1830s. Their goal in this land was to grow cotton so that they didn't have to buy so much from the United States. They were not able to grow cotton, but they found out that they could grow poppies in India and turn them into opium. The British smuggled opium into China so that they could buy tea. This was one of the reasons the Opium Wars happened, when Britain and China fought with each other. After the Opium Wars, the two countries signed three different treaties with the Qing Empire, who controlled China at the time.

Britain was given the power to control the land of Hong Kong in these treaties:
- In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking gave Britain control of Hong Kong Island forever
- In 1860, the Convention of Peking gave control of the Kowloon Peninsula forever as well
- In 1898, the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory gave control of the New Territories and the islands around Hong Kong for 99 years until 1997

### Problems

Even though the British did not control the New Territories forever, this part of Hong Kong was developed as quickly as the other parts of Hong Kong. Because there was not enough land and natural resources in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, a lot of infrastructure was also built in the New Territories. When Britain and China began talking about what would happen to Hong Kong after 1997, many people thought it was very hard to separate the New Territories and the rest of Hong Kong and only give the New Territories back to China.

## Other websites

- by the BBC World Service
Witold Sadowy

**Witold Sadowy** (7 January 1920 – 15 November 2020) was a Polish actor, publicist and columnist. He was a columnist of the _Gazeta Wyborcza_ daily and _Życie na gorąco_ magazine. He was born in Warsaw.

He made his theatre debut in 1945. His best known roles were in _Zakazane piosenki_ and _Bad Luck_.

In January 2020, at the age of 100, he publicly came out as gay.

Sadowy died on 15 November 2020 in Konstancin-Jeziorna, Poland at the age of 100.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Witold Sadowy
- **image**: Witold Sadowy.jpg
- **caption**: Witold Sadowy, ca. 1950
- **birth place**: Warsaw, Second Polish Republic
- **death place**: Konstancin-Jeziorna
- **nationality**: Polish
- **occupation**: Actor, publicist
- **partner**: Jan Ryżow (1942–1996)
- **years active**: 1945–1990 (actor)
1985–2020 (publicist)
Victor Popa

**Victor Popa** (15 April 1949 – 15 November 2020) was a Moldovan politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Moldova from 2010 until 2013. He left office when he was named a Justice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova.

Popa died on 15 November 2020 at the age of 71.

## Other websites

- Popa Victor
- Site-ul Partidului Liberal
- Canal multimedia PL pe YouTube
- Parlamentul Virtual

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Victor Popa
- **office**: Member of the Moldovan Parliament
- **term start**: 2010
- **term end**: 2013
- **birth place**: , Boghenii Noi
- **party**: Liberal Party (Moldova), Liberal Party
Alliance for European Integration <small>(2009–2020)</small>
Kereta Api Indonesia

**Kereta Api Indonesia** (or KAI) is a railway company in indonesia. Began operation in 1945 from former railway ompanies like Statspoorwegen,NIS,and others. The company starts with name-brand DKA (Djawatan Kereta Api),Later PJKA ,PT.Kereta Api and PT.KAI.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: PT.Kereta Api Indonesia
- **logo**: Logo PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) 2020.svg
- **type**: PT.
- **industry**: Railway company
- **predecessor**: many colonials railway
- **founded**: 1945
- **area served**: Java,Sumatera
- **products**: KRL Commuterline, KAI Commuter,KAI Wisata,KAI Services,KAI Logistik,KAI Properti
Snow in Florida

The U.S. state Florida does not get snow very often. Most of the time, major cities in Florida do not get snowfall that can be measured. Some areas in the far north are able to get snow more often. The National Weather Service says that the Florida Keys and Key West have not gotten a snow flurry in more than 300 years. In Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and Palm Beach, only one snow flurry was recorded. This happened in January 1977. Miami, Fort Lauderdale, or Palm Beach have not had a snow flurry before or after that.

Florida's climate is low latitude and subtropical. Temperatures that are cold enough to have snowfall do not happen long. Frost is more likely to happen than snow because it needs a temperature of 32°F or 0°C, less than 2 m or 7 ft above sea level, no clouds in the sky, and a relative humidity of 65% or more. For snow to happen in Florida, a polar jet stream must go south through Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. A cold front has to stop around the south part of Florida and curve northeast to add very cold air into clouds.

The earliest known time Florida got snow was in 1774. People in Florida thought it was "extraordinary white rain." The first White Christmas in the northeast part of Florida was on December 23, 1989.
Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń

The **Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń**   is a Roman Catholic church located at the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland, in the village of Licheń Stary near Konin in the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland.

It was designed by Barbara Bielecka and built between 1994 and 2004. The construction was funded by pilgrims' donations. With a tower measuring 141.5 meters in height, it is one of the tallest and largest churches in the world.
Lawrence LeShan

**Lawrence LeShan** (September 8, 1920 – November 9, 2020) was an American psychologist, educator and the author. He was best known for writing the best-selling _How to Meditate_ (1974) a practical guide to meditation. He wrote about 75 articles in the professional literature and thirteen books about psychotherapy, war, cancer treatment, and mysticism.

LeShan was born in New York City. He died on November 9, 2020 at the age of 100.
Yairus Gwijangge

**Yairus Gwijangge** (31 December 1968 – 15 November 2020) was an Indonesian politician. He was born in Mapenduma, Papua, Indonesia. Gwijiangge was the Regent of Nduga from 2011 to 2016 and again from 2017 until his death.

Gwijangge died on 15 November 2020 at a hospital in Jakarta, aged 51.
Walid Muallem

**Walid Mohi Edine al Muallem** (; 13 January 1941 – 16 November 2020) was a Syrian politician. He was a member of the Ba'ath Party. He was Foreign Minister from 2006 to 2020 and as Deputy Prime Minister from 2012 to 2020. Muallem was born in Damascus, Syria.

Muallem died on 16 November 2020 in Damascus from heart disease at the age of 79.
Carlos Amadeu

**Carlos Amadeu Nascimento Lemos** (6 September 1965 – 15 November 2020), known as **Carlos Amadeu**, was a Brazilian footballer and manager. He played as a left back. He was born in Salvador, Bahia.

Amadeu joined Bahia's youth setup in 1983. In 1987, after two seasons as a senior, Amadeu moved to Galícia.

On 15 November 2020, Amadeu was found dead in Riyadh after having a heart attack at the age of 55.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Carlos Amadeu
- **fullname**: Carlos Amadeu Nascimento Lemos
- **birth place**: Salvador, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- **death place**: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- **position**: Defender (association football)#Full-back, Left back
- **youthyears1**: 1983–1985
- **youthclubs1**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia
- **years1**: 1984–1989
- **clubs1**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia
- **years2**: 1987
- **clubs2**: → Galícia Esporte Clube, Galícia (loan)
- **manageryears1**: 1992–1994
- **managerclubs1**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória U17
- **manageryears2**: 1995
- **managerclubs2**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória U20
- **manageryears3**: 2000–2002
- **managerclubs3**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia U17
- **manageryears4**: 2003–2005
- **managerclubs4**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia U20
- **manageryears5**: 2005–2008
- **managerclubs5**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia (assistant)
- **manageryears6**: 2005
- **managerclubs6**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia (interim)
- **manageryears7**: 2005
- **managerclubs7**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia (interim)
- **manageryears8**: 2005
- **managerclubs8**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia (interim)
- **manageryears9**: 2009–2014
- **managerclubs9**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória U20
- **manageryears10**: 2014
- **managerclubs10**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória (interim)
- **manageryears11**: 2014–2016
- **managerclubs11**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória (assistant)
- **manageryears12**: 2015
- **managerclubs12**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória (interim)
- **manageryears13**: 2015–2017
- **managerclubs13**: Brazil national under-17 football team, Brazil U17
- **manageryears14**: 2018–2019
- **managerclubs14**: Brazil national under-20 football team, Brazil U20
- **manageryears15**: 2019
- **managerclubs15**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **manageryears16**: 2020
- **managerclubs16**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia U20
- **manageryears17**: 2020
- **managerclubs17**: Al Hilal SFC, Al Hilal U19
Michèle Flournoy

**Michèle Angélique Flournoy** (born December 14, 1960) is an American politician and businesswoman. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Strategy under President Bill Clinton and Under Secretary of Defense for Policy under President Barack Obama.

He was a principal advisor to U.S. Secretaries of Defense Robert Gates and Leon Panetta from February 2009 to February 2012.

During her tenure in the Clinton administration, Flournoy was the author of the May 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Michele Flournoy official portrait.jpg
- **office**: Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **term start**: February 9, 2009
- **term end**: February 8, 2012
- **predecessor**: Eric S. Edelman, Eric Edelman
- **successor**: James N. Miller, James Miller
- **birth name**: Michèle Angelique Flournoy
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: W. Scott Gould, Scott Gould
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Balliol College, Oxford (Master of Letters, MLitt)
Gabber

**Gabber** is a style of Dutch electronic dance music. It is similar to hardstyle although is actually a subgenre hardcore techno and Belgian New Beat music. It was created in Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the 1990s.
Book of the Consulate of the Sea

The ***Book of the Consulate of the Sea*** or ***Book of the Consulate of Sea*** is a 15th-century maritime commercial law treaty. Is a compendium of maritime law that governed trade in the Mediterranean for centuries. Of Catalan origin, it was translated into many languages and served as the basis for current international maritime law.i

The text serves as disclosure of the practice in the sea, commenting on the uses and customs as a manual. Considered an excellent primary source on the customs of the time, it collects a lot of information on the legal systems of the time in Europe. The_editio princeps_ is in the Catalan language, and was printed in Barcelona in 1484, reprinted again ten years later. The first Italian translation is of 1519, it is the work of Antonio Blado and the second at Venice by Giovanni Battista Pederzano (1549), and then by Francesco Lorenzini (1564). If there are more than twenty editions in Italian and others in English, French, German, Dutch, and Spanish.

## Origin

According to Chiner and Chacon, the Ordinances of the Ribera (i.e. seaside) (_ Ordianationis Ripairiœ _), written in 1258, did not yet encode the maritime customs of Barcelona, and that the first reference to "Sea consuls" appears in Barcelona in 1282, just one year before the Consulate of the Sea was created in Valencia. Also note that the consuls of Barcelona had no independence assigned later on in the _Book of the Consulate of the Sea_. Customs collected in the book would be in part coming from a Barcelona origin,  but many would have been created and consolidated in Valencia, from which have been copied to the subsequently created consulates. According to Arcadi Garcia Sanz, the main difference between the consulates of Barcelona and Valencia would be the fact that the latter had from the start a "royal jurisdiction", and therefore has influenced so strongly in the other consulates in the fifteenth century.

## Related pages

- Catalan navy

## Other websites

- <span class="plainlinks">Wikimedia Commons</span> contiene immagini o altri file su **<span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-style:italic;">Consolato del mare</span></span>'
- britannica.com
- Consolat de Mar fund in the Library of Ateneo Barcelonés
- **Libre apellat con(n)solat de mar''' in Cervantes virtual (in catalan)
- Consolat de Mar Derogation

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Book of the Consulate of the Sea
- **title orig**: Book of the Consulate of the Sea
- **image**: Colsolat mallorca 1320.jpg
- **caption**: _Book of the Consulate of the Sea_
- **author**: Unknown
- **language**: Catalan language, Catalan
- **genre**: Compendium of laws
- **release date**: 1320-1330
- **english pub date**: N/A
- **media type**: Paper and parchment
Dorothy Dells

**Dorothy Emily Dells** (July 16, 1928- April 3, 2020) was born on July 16, 1928 in Medford Oregon. Her career began when she was discovered while working at a drive in restaurant on Sunset Blvd. She was immediately signed for the TV series Have Gun, Will Travel. She went on to gain recognition in many TV shows including 77 Sunset Strip, Rawhide, My 3 Sons, The Richard Boone Show, Hollywood Wife"s and Bachelor Father. She appeared in TV movies as well as in segments of Quincy Jones, Chips and Lou Grant. She costarred in the Chuck Norris film, An Eye For an Eye, Sledge Hammer, Death Warrant and The Beach Boys Summer Dream's.

She died in San Luis Obispo on April 3, 2020. She lived a long and prosperous life and will be remembered fondly by many.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dorothy Dells
- **birth name**: Dorothy Emily Dells
José Luis Espert

**José Luis Espert** (born November 21, 1961) is an Argentine economist and politician. He believes in liberalism. He was a candidate for the Argentine presidency in the 2019 elections.

Espert was born in Pergamino, Buenos Aires (Argentina). He graduated in economics at the University of Buenos Aires and then got master's degrees from the University of CEMA and the National University of Tucumán.

He writes for several newspapers: La Nación, El Cronista, El País.

In the 2019 elections for the Presidency he received 1.47% of votes. Since 2021, he has been a National Deputy elected in Buenos Aires Province for the Avanza Libertad coalition.

## Infobox (economist)

- **image**: José Luis Espert (cropped).png
- **image size**: 150px
- **birth place**: Pergamino, Buenos Aires Province, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **website**: https://espert.com.ar/
Fluorocarbon

**Fluorocarbons** are chemical compounds that only contain fluorine and carbon. The terminology isn't strictly followed, many organic compounds are called fluorocarbons. Another name is **Perfluorocarbon**. Fluorocarbons belong to the group  of hydrofluorocarbons. Fluorocarbons are commonly used in insulation, and as cooling agents, called refrigerants. Because they take a long time to decay, they are considered greenhouse gases.
CoffeeScript

**CoffeeScript** is a programming language that compiles to JavaScript.
Anne Covell

**Anne Covell** (9 August 1950 – 3 November 2020) was a Canadian sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born in Delta, British Columbia.

Covell died on 3 November 2020, aged 70.
Kay Wiestål

**Kay-Arne Arvid Wiestål** (16 October 1940 – 14 November 2020) was a Swedish footballer and businessman. Wiestål played for Djurgårdens IF and won Allsvenskan in 1966. He later played in the North American Soccer League for Oakland Clippers and St. Louis Stars.

In 1970, he joined Ope IF as playing manager.

Wiestål died on 14 November 2020 from COVID-19, aged 80.
Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga

**Raúl Eduardo Vela Chiriboga** (1 January 1934  – 15 November 2020) was an Ecuadorean prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Quito from 2003 to 2010. He was born in Riobamba, Ecuador.

Vela Chiriboga died on 15 November 2020 in Quito at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Profile on the Archdiocese of Quito's website
- Catholic Hierarchy entry
Shawkat Ali (politician)

Col. (retd.) **Shawkat Ali** MP (; 27 January 1937 – 16 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was deputy speaker of the National Parliament from 2009 to 2014. He was a member of the Awami League. He was a member of parliament from 1979 to 1986 and again from 1991 to 2014. Ali was born in Shariatpur District, Bangladesh.

Ali died on 16 November 2020 at the age of 83.
Jacob M. Landau

**Jacob M. Landau** (20 March 1924 – 12 November 2020) was a Moldovan-born Israeli political scientist. He was Professor Emeritus in the Department of Political Science (in the field of Middle Eastern Studies) at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. he was born in Chișinău, Moldova. In 2005, he won the Israel Prize.

Landau died on 16 November 2020 in Jerusalem at the age of 96.
Harry van Raaij

**Hendrikus Jacobus Maria "Harry" van Raaij** (29 August 1936 – 16 November 2020) was a Dutch businessman. He was the chairman of PSV Eindhoven, a Dutch sports club, between 1996 and 2004. Van Raaij was born in Haps, Netherlands. He was a manager at Philips.

Van Raaij died on 16 November 2020 at the age of 84.
Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church

The **Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church**, also known in the United States as the **Byzantine Catholic Church**, is an Eastern Catholic church that uses the Byzantine Rite. It is one of the 23 Eastern Catholic churches that are in full communion with the Holy See. There are two main communities within the church: American and European. In the United States, the Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh is self-governing (_sui iuris_).

## Infobox (christian denomination)

- **name**: Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church
- **congregations**: 664
- **merger**: Union of Uzhhorod
- **members**: 419,500
- **ministers**: 549
- **other names**: _Byzantine Catholic Church_ (US only)
- **website**: [http://www.archpitt.org/ archpitt.org]
- **founded date**: 1646
- **headquarters**: St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cathedral (Pittsburgh), Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- **image**: St.JohntheBaptistByzantineCatholicCathedral.jpg
- **caption**: St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cathedral (Pittsburgh), St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cathedral in Pittsburgh, United States
- **main classification**: Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern Catholic
- **theology**: Catholic theology
- **polity**: Episcopal polity, Episcopal
- **structure**: Metropolitanate
- **area**: United States, Czech Republic and Ukraine
- **leader title**: Pope
- **leader title1**: Primate (bishop), Primate
- **leader name1**: Metropolitan bishop, Metropolitan William C. Skurla
- **liturgy**: Byzantine Rite
- **associations**: Congregation for the Oriental Churches
Gerald Nicholas Dino

**Gerald Nicholas Dino** (January 11, 1940 – November 14, 2020) was an American prelate of the Ruthenian Catholic Church. He was the bishop of the Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix from 2008 to 2016. He was born in Binghamton, New York. In 1965, he was made a priest for the Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Passaic.

On December 6, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him bishop of the Eparchy of Van Nuys, and on March 27, 2008 he was consecrated a bishop.

On reaching the age of 75, Dino submitted his resignation to Pope Francis.

Dino died on November 14, 2020 at the age of 80.
Schiltigheim

**Schiltigheim** (, , and sometimes  by non-local speakers of French; Alsatian: _Schelige_ ; ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Schiltigheim
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Schiltigheim rPrincipale 57 (1).jpg
- **caption**: The old town hall
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Schiltigheim 67.svg
- **arrondissement**: Strasbourg
- **canton**: Schiltigheim
- **insee**: 67447
- **postal code**: 67300
- **intercommunality**: Strasbourg Eurométropole
- **elevation m**: 140
- **elevation min m**: 133
- **elevation max m**: 152
- **area km2**: 7.63
Katherine Schwarzenegger

**Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger Pratt** (born December 13, 1989) is an American author. She is the oldest child of actor and former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger and broadcast journalist Maria Shriver.

Her granduncles were President John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy because her grandmother Eunice Kennedy was their sister.

She started dating actor Chris Pratt in June 2018. Schwarzenegger and Pratt announced their engagement on January 13, 2019. On June 8, 2019, they were married in Montecito, California.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Katherine Schwarzenegger World Dog Awards 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Schwarzenegger in January 2015
- **birth name**: Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **children**: 3
- **father**: Arnold Schwarzenegger
- **mother**: Maria Shriver
- **alma mater**: University of Southern California
Lake Stevens, Washington

**Lake Stevens** is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States, and is named for the lake that it surrounds. It is located  east of Everett. The city's population was 35,630 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lake Stevens, Washington
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "One community, around the lake"
- **image skyline**: Lake Stevens northeast shore.jpg
- **image caption**: Northeast shore of lake on which the city is located
- **image map**: Snohomish_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lake_Stevens_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lake Stevens, Washington
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Washington (state), Washington
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Washington, County
- **subdivision name2**: Snohomish County, Washington, Snohomish
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title1**: Founded
- **established date1**: 1889
- **established title2**: Municipal incorporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: November 29, 1960
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 24.09
- **area land km2**: 23.74
- **area water km2**: 0.35
- **area total sq mi**: 9.30
- **area land sq mi**: 9.17
- **area water sq mi**: 0.14
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 35630
- **population density km2**: 1500.9
- **population density sq mi**: 3887.2
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific (PST)
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **elevation m**: 66
- **elevation ft**: 217
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 98258
- **area code**: Area code 425, 425
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 53-37900
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1512695
Snohomish, Washington

**Snohomish** is a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 10,126 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Snohomish
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Snohomish Kla-Ha-Ya Days 2006 - 1.jpg
- **image caption**: First Street during the annual Kla-Ha-Ya Days celebration, 2006
- **image map**: Snohomish_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Snohomish_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Washington (state), Washington
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Washington, County
- **subdivision name2**: Snohomish County, Washington, Snohomish
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City administrator
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1859
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: June 26, 1890
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 9.64
- **area land km2**: 9.12
- **area water km2**: 0.52
- **area total sq mi**: 3.72
- **area land sq mi**: 3.52
- **area water sq mi**: 0.20
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 10126
- **population density km2**: 1110.4
- **population density sq mi**: 2875.9
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **elevation m**: 20
- **elevation ft**: 66
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 98290–98291, 98296
- **area code**: Area code 360, 360
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 53-65170
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1531910
Hurricane Iota

**Hurricane Iota** was a devastating late-season Category 4 Atlantic hurricane which caused severe damage to areas of Central America already devastated by Hurricane Eta just less than two weeks prior. The 31st and final tropical cyclone, 30th named storm, 14th hurricane, and record-tying seventh major hurricane of the record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Iota originated as a tropical wave that moved into the Eastern Caribbean on November 10. Over the next few days, the wave began to become better organized and by November 13, it developed into a tropical depression north of Colombia. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Iota six hours later. The storm was initially impacted by some wind shear, but a center relocation and relaxed shear allowed Iota to quickly strengthen into a hurricane on November 15, after which it underwent explosive intensification, peaking at Category 5 with wind speeds of 160 mph (257 km/h), operationally. However, the peak was adjusted down to a 155 mph (249 km/h) high-end Category 4 in post-season analysis. After weakening slightly, Iota made landfall in northeastern Nicaragua as a high-end Category 4 hurricane, becoming the strongest recorded hurricane to make landfall in Nicaragua in November. Iota then rapidly weakened as it moved inland, dissipating on November 18, the storm killed 61 people and 41 were reported missing during the storm

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Iota
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2020
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: file:Iota 2020-11-16 1500Z.png
- **image name**: Hurricane Iota at peak intensity approaching Nicaragua on November 16.
- **1-min winds**: 135
- **pressure**: 917
- **damages**: 1400
- **inflated**: 0
- **fatalities**: 67 direct, 17 indirect
- **hurricane season**: 2020 Atlantic hurricane season
Nduga Regency

**Nduga Regency** is one of the regencies (_kabupaten_) in Papua Province of Indonesia.  Nduga Regency was separated from Jayawijaya Regency on 4 January 2008. It covers an area of 12,942 km<sup>2</sup>, and had a population of 79,053 at the 2010 Census. The administrative centre is at Kenyam.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nduga Regency
- **native name**: Kabupaten Nduga
- **native name lang**: id
- **type**: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, Regency
- **image seal**: Lambang Kabupaten Nduga.png
- **image map**: 91.24.00 Papua Nduga.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Indonesia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Papua (province), Papua
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Kenyam
- **leader title**: Regent
- **leader name**: Yairus Gwijangge
- **leader title1**: Vice Regent
- **leader name1**: Wentius Nimiangge
- **area total km2**: 12941
- **population as of**: 2019
- **population total**: 106354
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Time in Indonesia, Indonesia Eastern Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Indonesia, Area code
- **area code**: (+62) 967
Kenyam

**Kenyam** is a town and district in Nduga Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It is the capital of the regency. Its population is 8,148.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kenyam
- **pushpin map**: Indonesia_Papua#Indonesia
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 310
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Papua (province), Papua and Indonesia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Indonesia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Papua (province), Papua
- **subdivision type2**: Regencies of Indonesia, Regency
- **subdivision name2**: Nduga Regency
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Indonesia, District
- **subdivision name3**: Kenyam District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 8148
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: Time in Indonesia, Indonesia Eastern Standard Time
- **utc offset**: +9
- **elevation m**: 513
Papua (province)

**Papua** is a province of Indonesia. It is in Western New Guinea. It is bordered by the state of Papua New Guinea to the east.

According to the 2010 census by Statistics Indonesia, Papua had a population of 2,833,381, the majority of whom are Christians. The province is divided into twenty-eight regencies and one city. Its capital and largest city is Jayapura.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Papua
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Papua 2.svg
- **shield size**: 100
- **image flag**: Flag of Papua 2.svg
- **image map**: Province of Papua in Indonesia.svg
- **coor pinpoint**: Jayapura
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Indonesia, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Western New Guinea
- **established title**: Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, Establishment
- **established date**: 27 December 1949
- **established title1**: New York Agreement, Indonesian administration
- **established date1**: 1 May 1963
- **established title2**: Western New Guinea#Administration, Latest partition
- **established date2**: 30 June 2022
- **motto**: _Karya Swadaya_
(Self-Reliance Works)
- **seat type**: Capital

- **seat**: Jayapura
- **governing body**: Papua Provincial Government
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader title2**: Vice Governor
- **leader title3**: Legislature
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 82680.95
- **area rank**: Provinces of Indonesia, 7th in Indonesia
- **population total**: 1060550
- **population as of**: mid 2024 estimate
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Time in Indonesia, Indonesia Eastern Time
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **iso code**: ID-PA
- **blank name**: Human Development Index, HDI (2024)
- **blank info**: 0.738 (List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index, 22nd) – <span style=color:#090>high</span>
- **type**: Provinces of Indonesia, Province of Indonesia
Jayapura

**Jayapura** is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Papua.

Jayapura is the fourth largest city by economy in Eastern Indonesia—after Makassar, Denpasar, and Manado—with a 2016 GDP at Rp19.48 trillion.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Jayapura
- **settlement type**: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, City
- **official name**: City of Jayapura

- **image seal**: Lambang Kota Jayapura.jpeg
- **motto**: _Prasetya Adi Karya_
(Determination to create the best work)
- **image map**: 91.71.00 Papua Jayapura Kota.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Papua (province), Papua
- **pushpin map**: Indonesia
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Western New Guinea and Indonesia
- **subdivision type**: List of Sovereign States, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Indonesia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Papua (province), Papua
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 7 March 1910 (as Hollandia)
- **established title1**: City status in Indonesia, Incorporated
- **established date1**: 2 August 1993
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Benhur Tomi Mano
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **leader name1**: Rustan Saru
- **area total km2**: 935.92
- **elevation m**: 287
- **population total**: 315872
- **population as of**: 2014
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Indonesia, Area code
- **area code**: (+62) 967
- **timezone**: Time in Indonesia, Indonesia Eastern Time
- **utc offset**: +9
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical rainforest climate, Af
- **blank2 name**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **blank2 info**: 0.801 ()
Makassar

**Makassar** () is the capital of the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Medan.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Makassar
- **official name**: City of Makassar

- **settlement type**: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, City
- **translit lang1**: Other
- **image flag**: Makassar city flag.png
- **image seal**: Coat of Arms of City Makassar.png
- **nickname**: "City of Daeng"; "_Ujung Pandang_"
- **motto**: _Sekali Layar Terkembang Pantang Biduk Surut Ke Pantai_
- **map caption**: Location within Sulawesi
- **pushpin map**: Indonesia_Sulawesi#Indonesia
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Sulawesi and Indonesia
- **subdivision type**: List of Sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Indonesia, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Sulawesi
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Indonesia, Province
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 9 November 1607
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Rudy Djamaluddin (officials)
- **area total km2**: 199.3
- **area metro km2**: 2689.89
- **elevation m**: 0–25
- **elevation ft**: 0–82
- **population total**: 1508154
- **population as of**: 2019 estimated
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population metro**: 2696242
- **population density metro km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Makassarian
- **population note**: 2017 decennial census
- **area code**: (+62) 411
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Indonesia, Area code
- **registration plate type**: Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia, Vehicle registration
- **registration plate**: DD
- **website**: *
*
- **translit lang1 type2**: Makassarese language, Makassarese
- **translit lang1 info2**: ᨀᨚᨈ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ
- **timezone**: Time in Indonesia, Indonesia Central Time
- **utc offset**: +8
- **timezone dst**: _not observed_
- **utc offset dst**: +8
- **blank name**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **blank info**: 0.822 ()
Peace of Riga

The **Peace of Riga**, or The **Treaty of Riga** (Polish:_Traktat ryski)_, was signed in Riga on March 18 1921 by the Second Polish Republic, Soviet Russia, and Soviet Ukraine and ended the Polish-Soviet War.

The borders between Poland and Russia that were changed by the treaty stayed the same until World War II, when the Soviets took eastern Poland. That was finalized by the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference.

## World War I

World War I changed the imperial borders of Europe. In 1918, after the Russian Revolution, Russia gave up Poland at the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. After the war ended by Germany losing. Poland was recreated after over 100 years of being divided by three countries.

## Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War gave Poland the chance to regain the land that had been controlled by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth but was taken by Russia in the 18th century. Meanwhile, the Soviet leaders wanted to attack Poland to respond to the leader of Poland, Józef Piłsudski, who had moved into Ukraine. The Soviets saw Poland as a land bridge to Western Europe, which they could cross to expand communism to the West. That started the Polish-Soviet War. A grear victory for Poland happened at the Battle of Warsaw. Both sides were now tired and wanted to end the war. Other victories by Poland placed it under pressure by the League of Nations, which also wanted to end the war after it had taken a lot of land.

## Negotiations

Peace talks started in Minsk on August 17, 1920, but since the Poles' counterattack had moved closer, the negotiations moved to Riga and continued on September 21. The Soviets suggested two solutions, one on 21 September and a second on 28 September. The Poles suggested another solution on October 2. Three days later, the Soviets suggested a change to the offer to the Poles, who accepted it. An end to the war was signed on 12 October, and the war actually ended on 18 October 1920. The leading negotiators were, Jan Dąbski from Poland and Adolph Joffe from Soviet Russia. The Soviets did not let the anti-communist Ukrainian leaders be in the negotiations.

The Soviets' military problems made them give up much of the land that they wanted. However, to many other people, it looked as if Poland had lost the war.

Most of the Polish negotiators were members of the National Democrats, who were Piłsudski's political enemies. They did not want more than a third of the people living in Poland to be ethnic non-Polish and so they agreed to get less land than they could have gotten although many Poles would be left on the Soviet side of the border. The Soviets had been willing to give up even Minsk.
Ljutomer

**Ljutomer** (; ) is a town in northeastern Slovenia, some 40 km east of Maribor. It is the seat of the Municipality of Ljutomer. It was part of the region of Styria. It is now included in the Mura Statistical Region. The economy of Ljutomer is largely based on grape farming and wine making.