juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Evergreen, Alabama

**Evergreen** is a city in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,520. The city is the county seat of Conecuh County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Evergreen, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Conecuh County Government Center May 2013 2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image caption**: The Conecuh County Government Center in May 2013
- **image map**: File:Conecuh County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Evergreen Highlighted 0124808.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Evergreen in Conecuh County, Alabama.
- **nickname**: The Emerald City
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1819
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: March 28, 1873
- **founder**: James Cosey, George Andrews, and the Clough Brothers
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Conecuh County, Alabama, Conecuh
- **area total km2**: 51.83
- **area total sq mi**: 20.01
- **area land km2**: 51.14
- **area land sq mi**: 19.75
- **area water km2**: 0.69
- **area water sq mi**: 0.27
- **elevation ft**: 272
- **elevation m**: 83
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3520
- **population density km2**: 68.83
- **population density sq mi**: 178.25
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36401
- **area code**: Area code 251, 251
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-24808
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0118078
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Eutaw, Alabama

**Eutaw** is a city in Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,937. The city is the county seat of Greene County and was named after the Revolutionary War battle of Eutaw Springs, South Carolina. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Eutaw, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: EutawAlabamaDowntown.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Eutaw, Alabama, in 2009
- **image map**: File:Greene County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Eutaw Highlighted 0124664.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Eutaw in Greene County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Greene County, Alabama, Greene
- **area total sq mi**: 12.01
- **area land sq mi**: 11.93
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08
- **elevation ft**: 217
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2937
- **population density sq mi**: 246.12
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35462
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-24664
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0118059
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 31.10
- **area land km2**: 30.91
- **area water km2**: 0.20
- **population density km2**: 95.03
Eufaula, Alabama

**Eufaula** is a city in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 12,882.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Eufaula, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: MacMonnie's Fountain Eufaula Alabama.JPG
- **image caption**: The MacMonnies Fountain in downtown Eufaula
- **image map**: File:Barbour County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Eufaula Highlighted 0124568.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Eufaula in Barbour County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Barbour County, Alabama, Barbour
- **area total km2**: 190.30
- **area total sq mi**: 73.47
- **area land km2**: 154.14
- **area land sq mi**: 59.52
- **area water km2**: 36.16
- **area water sq mi**: 13.96
- **elevation ft**: 262
- **elevation m**: 80
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 12882
- **population density km2**: 83.57
- **population density sq mi**: 216.45
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36027, 36072
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-24568
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0118051
- **website**: http://www.eufaulaalabama.com/
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom

**Princess Helena** (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923) was the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

Helena was educated by private tutors chosen by her father and his close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar. Her childhood was spent with her parents, travelling between a variety of royal residences in Britain. In 1866, Helena married German prince, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. They had five children together named Christian, Albert, Helena, Marie, and Harald.

Helena was the most active member of the royal family, she was also an active patron of charities, and was one of the founding members of the British Red Cross. She was founding president of the Royal School of Needlework, and president of the Workhouse Infirmary Nursing Association and the Royal British Nurses' Association. As president of the latter, she was a strong supporter of nurse registration against the advice of Florence Nightingale. She died in 1923, at the age of 77.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Helena
- **title**: Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
- **image**: Princess Helena Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein.jpg
- **caption**: Photograph,
- **issue-link**: #Issue
- **issue-pipe**: more...
- **full name**: Helena Augusta Victoria
- **father**: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- **mother**: Queen Victoria
- **birth place**: Buckingham Palace, London, England
- **death place**: Schomberg House, London, England
- **burial date**: 15 June 1923
- **signature**: Princess Helena's signature.svg
Oxford, Alabama

**Oxford** is a city in Calhoun and Talladega counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The population was 22,069 at the 2020 census.  Oxford is one of two principal cities of and included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Oxford, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Crossroads to the Future
- **image skyline**: Oxford, Alabama.JPG
- **image caption**: Downtown Oxford
- **image map**: File:Calhoun County and Talladega County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Oxford Highlighted 0157576.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Oxford in Calhoun County and Talladega County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Calhoun County, Alabama, Calhoun, Talladega County, Alabama, Talladega
- **area total km2**: 83.36
- **area total sq mi**: 32.19
- **area land km2**: 82.42
- **area land sq mi**: 31.82
- **area water km2**: 0.94
- **area water sq mi**: 0.36
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 22069
- **population density km2**: 267.76
- **population density sq mi**: 693.49
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 686
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36203, 36201, 36207, 36253
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256/Area code 938, 938
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-57576
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0160330
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Opp, Alabama

**Opp** is a city in Covington County, Alabama, United States. It is named after Henry Opp, a lawyer for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

At the 2020 census, the population was 6,771.

## Notable people

- Mooski, singer, rapper
- Mike DuBose, former Alabama Crimson Tide head football coach
- David F. Gantt, New York state legislator
- Tim Jessie, NFL player
- James Logan, NFL player
- Alberta Martin- penultimate Confederate Widow
- Lamar Rogers, NFL player
- Peggy Scott-Adams, blues and R&B singer
- Thomas K. Hearn, 12th president, Wake Forest University

## Slogan

Opp's city slogan is "The City of OPPortunity".

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Opp, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Covington County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Opp Highlighted 0157120.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Opp in Covington County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Covington County, Alabama, Covington
- **area total km2**: 63.69
- **area total sq mi**: 24.59
- **area land km2**: 61.29
- **area land sq mi**: 23.66
- **area water km2**: 2.39
- **area water sq mi**: 0.92
- **elevation ft**: 338
- **elevation m**: 103
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6771
- **population density km2**: 110.47
- **population density sq mi**: 286.12
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36467
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0154482
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-57120
Deccan Plateau

The **Deccan Plateau** is a large plateau that covers most of South India.  It is triangular, surrounded by three mountain ranges.  It extends over eight Indian states (principally, Telangana, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu).

The plateau covers , 27.7 percent of India's landmass.

The uplands, areas of higher landmass, form a triangle that is nested in the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian sub-continent's coastline. In the south of India, the plateau is largely over  above sea level. In the north it is mostly about  above sea level.
The plateau is extremely large, and there are many habitats: different ecosystems with different sorts of vegetation, climate, geology and animals.  The forests on the plateau are older than the Himalayan mountains.

The Western Ghats and The Eastern Ghats surround the west and east of the plateau respectively. These mountain ranges rise from their nearby coastal plains and nearly meet at the southern tip of India. The mountains make the southward-pointing vertex of a Squre.  The northern boundary of the triangle is made up by the Satpura Range and Vindhya Range. These northern ranges separate the plateau from the heavily populated riverine plains of northern India.

The name is an anglicised form of the Prakrit word _dakkhin_, which comes from the Sanskrit word _dakṣiṇa-_ (), meaning 'South' or 'The South'.

## The Deccan Traps

The **Deccan Traps** are a main cause of the special geography and geology of South India. They are a large igneous province on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India (between 17–24N, 73–74E) and one of the largest volcanic features on the planet. They consist of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that are more than  thick and cover an area of . The term 'trap', used in geology for such rock formations, is derived from the Dutch word for stairs, referring to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region.

### History

The Deccan Traps formed between 60 and 68 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period. The bulk of the volcanic eruption occurred at the Western Ghats (near present-day Mumbai) some 66 million years ago. This series of eruptions may have lasted fewer than 30,000 years in total. The gases released in the process may have played a role in the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which included the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. The consensus among the scientific community is that the extinction was triggered by the Chicxulub impact event in Central America but that the Deccan eruptions also disrupted the planet's climate.

Before the Deccan Traps region was reduced to its current size by erosion and plate tectonics, it is estimated that the original area covered by the lava flows was as large as 1.5 million km², about half the size of modern India. The present area of directly observable lava flows is estimated to be around .

The release of volcanic gases, particularly sulfur dioxide, during the formation of the traps contributed to contemporary climate change.  Data point to an average fall in temperature of 2 °C (3.6 °F) during this period.
Ozark, Alabama

**Ozark** is a city in and the county seat of Dale County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 14,368.

## Notable Residents

- Josh Savage (NFL player)
- Wilbur Jackson (NFL player)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ozark, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Dale County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Ozark Highlighted 0157648.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Ozark in Dale County, Alabama.
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1822
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: October 27, 1870
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Dale County, Alabama, Dale
- **government type**: Mayor/City Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Mark Blankenship
- **area total km2**: 88.94
- **area total sq mi**: 34.34
- **area land km2**: 88.33
- **area land sq mi**: 34.10
- **area water km2**: 0.61
- **area water sq mi**: 0.23
- **elevation ft**: 417
- **elevation m**: 127
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 14368
- **population density km2**: 162.66
- **population density sq mi**: 421.30
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 36360-36361
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-57648
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0152832
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Oneonta, Alabama

**Oneonta** is a city in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 6,938. The city is the county seat of Blount County. Oneonta is home to the Covered Bridge Festival.

## History

Oneonta became the county seat in 1889, when it was moved from Blountsville.

During World War II, a small POW camp was outside of Oneonta.

## City government

The city government is made up a Mayor and a five-person city council.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Oneonta
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: A Small City with Big Ideas
- **image skyline**: EasleyCB.jpg
- **image caption**: Easley Covered Bridge, a  lattice truss bridge bridge built in 1927
- **image map**: File:Blount County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Oneonta Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Oneonta in Blount County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Blount County, Alabama, Blount
- **government type**: Council
- **area total sq mi**: 15.88
- **area land sq mi**: 15.83
- **area water sq mi**: 0.06
- **elevation ft**: 873
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6938
- **population density sq mi**: 438.36
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35121
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205, 659
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-57000
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0152813
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 41.14
- **area land km2**: 40.99
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **population density km2**: 169.25
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom

**Princess Alice** (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878) was Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine from 1877 until her death in 1878 as the wife of Grand Duke Louis IV. She was the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

She was the sister of Edward VII of the United Kingdom and German Empress Victoria and the mother of Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia.

### Early life

Alice was born on April 25, 1843 as Alice Maud Mary at Buckingham Palace in London.

Alice's birth prompted her parents to find a larger family home. In 1844, her parents purchased Osborne House on the Isle of Wight as a family holiday home.

At Osborne, Alice and her siblings were taught skills such as housekeeping, cooking, gardening and carpentry, as well as daily lessons in learning English, French and German.

Alice was said to be fascinated with the world outside at Balmoral, where she visited the tenants living and working on the estate. In 1854, during the Crimean War, Alice visited hospitals in London for wounded soldiers with her mother and her older sister.

### Marriage

Alice was engaged to Prince Louis of Hesse on April 30, 1861. On July 1, 1862, Alice and Louis got married in a private ceremony in the dining room of Osborne House.

### Illness and death

On December 14, the 17th anniversary of her father's death, Alice became seriously ill with the diphtheria that she caught from her son. She died in the early morning hours, she was 35 years old. Alice was buried on 18 December 1878 at the Grand Ducal mausoleum at Rosenhöhe outside Darmstadt.

## Honours

- **1 January 1878**: Companion of the Order of the Crown of India
- **26 June 1871**: Cross of Merit for Women and Girls
- Dame of the Order of Louise, 1st Division
- **1864**: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine

## Issue

|scope="col" width="20%"|Name|scope="col"|Birth|scope="col"|Death|scope="col" width="5%"|Ref(s).|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|5 April 1863|24 September 1950|||||||
|1 November 1864|18 July 1918 †|||||||
|11 July 1866|11 November 1953|||||||
|25 November 1868|9 October 1937|||||||
|7 October 1870|29 May 1873|||||||
|6 June 1872|17 July 1918 †|||||||
|24 May 1874|16 November 1878|||||||

## Infobox (royalty)

- **image**: Alice, Princess Louis of Hesse.jpg
- **caption**: Photograph by Franz Backofen, 1871
- **alt**: A photo of Alice aged 28
- **succession**: List of Hessian royal consorts, Grand Duchess consort of Hesse and by Rhine
- **reign**: 13 June 1877 – 14 December 1878
- **birth place**: Buckingham Palace, London, England
- **death place**: :de:Neues Palais (Darmstadt), New Palace, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire
- **consort**: yes
- **full name**: Alice Maud Mary
- **house**: House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- **father**: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- **mother**: Queen Victoria
- **signature**: Princess Alice's signature.svg
- **name**: Alice
- **predecessor**: Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria
- **successor**: Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
The Illuminatus! Trilogy

***The Illuminatus! Trilogy*** is a series of three novels written by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson between 1969 and 1971, and first published in 1975. The trilogy is a satirical, postmodern, science fiction story.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Illuminatus! Trilogy
- **authors**: Robert Shea
Robert Anton Wilson
- **cover artist**: Carlos Victor Ochagavia (1975 paperbacks)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Science fiction
- **publisher**: Dell Publishing
- **release date**: 1975 (individual volumes); 1984 (collected edition)
- **media type**: Print (hardback & paperback)
- **pages**: 805 pages (paperback collected edition)
- **isbn**: 1-56731-237-3
- **isbn note**: (hardback collected edition),  (paperback collected edition)
- **oclc**: 39505921
Fnord

A **Fnord** is the typographic representation of disinformation or useless information with the intent to misdirect or confuse, with the implication of a conspiracy. The word was coined as a nonsensical term with religious undertones in the Discordian religious text _Principia Discordia_ (1965) by Kerry Thornley and Greg Hill, but was popularized by _The Illuminatus! Trilogy_ (1975) of satirical conspiracy fiction novels by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.

## Books

- _The Illuminatus! Trilogy_ by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson,  (Hardback collected edition) &  (Paperback collected edition)
- _The Golden Apple_ by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson,
- _Schrödinger's Cat_ by Robert Anton Wilson,
Disinformation

**Disinformation** refers to false information spread intentionally to make a targeted audience believe something that is not based on facts. Disinformation may include the distribution of forged documents, manuscripts and photographs, or the promotion of harmful rumors, conspiracy theories and fake intelligence.

## Conspiracy theories

A major form of disinformation is conspiracy theories.

## Related pages

- COVID-19 misinformation
- Flat Earth
- Holocaust denial
- Anti-intellectualism
- _The Protocols of the Elders of Zion_
Principia Discordia

***Principia Discordia*** is a Discordian religious text written by Greg Hill (Malaclypse The Younger) and Kerry Thornley (Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst). It was originally published under the title _Principia Discordia or How The West Was Lost_ in a limited edition of 5 copies in 1965.
Discordianism

**Discordianism** is a postmodern religion in which disorder (also called discord) is as important as order, existing within chaos. It was founded circa 1958–1959 by Malaclypse the Younger, who published its most important text: the _Principia Discordia_.

The Sacred Chao and Five fingered hand of ERIS are the most recognized symbols of Discordianism.

## Discordian calendar

The **Discordian calendar** (also called **Erisian calendar**) is an alternative calendar used by followers of the discordian religion

The discordian year 1 YOLD is 1166 BC.

### Implementations

**ddate** is a linux program that prints the current date in the discordian calendar, in August 2011, ddate was made optional, and was removed in 2012, being readded in 2013

## Other websites

- PrincipiaDiscordia.com – contains the _Principia Discordia_ in HTML.
Tractor

A **tractor** is a work vehicle that pulls things. Tractors are used for farming and construction, and to pull trailer<nowiki/>s. They usually have a seat for only the driver, and can be used to pull many different loads.

Most tractors use big wheels, but some use rubber tracks to spread their weight over a large area. This is useful for farmers in places with very soft or muddy ground where a tractor with wheels might get stuck.
Mantophasmatidae

The insect family **Mantophasmatidae** is the sole family in its order. It is a group of African carnivorous insects discovered in 2002. The most common vernacular name for this order is **gladiators**, but it is not well known under any name.

Their modern centre of endemism is western South Africa and Namibia, although a relict population and Eocene fossils suggest a wider ancient distribution.

Members of the order are wingless even as adults, making them relatively difficult to identify. They resemble a mix between praying mantids and phasmids. Molecular evidence indicates that they are most closely related to a family known as the Grylloblattidae.

The mantophasmids were originally described from old museum specimens that found in Namibia (_Mantophasma zephyra_) and Tanzania (_M. subsolana_), and from a 45-million-year-old specimen of Baltic amber (_Raptophasma kerneggeri_).

The most recent classification recognizes numerous genera, including fossils.
Trafford

The **Metropolitan Borough of Trafford** is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is home to 211,800 people, covers 41 square miles, and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston.  Until 1974 the area was part of  Cheshire.

## Other websites

- www.trafford.gov.uk , Trafford Council.
- www.trafford.nhs.uk , Trafford NHS website.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Metropolitan Borough of Trafford
- **settlement type**: Metropolitan borough, Borough
- **motto**: "Hold Fast That Which Is Good"
- **image skyline**: Trafford-town-hall3.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Trafford Town Hall, in Stretford
- **image blank emblem**: Coat of arms of Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council.png
- **blank emblem type**: Coat of Arms of the Borough Council
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **image map**: EnglandTrafford.png
- **map caption**: Trafford shown within England
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Constituent country, Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name2**: North West England
- **subdivision type3**: Ceremonial counties of England, Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name3**: Greater Manchester
- **subdivision type4**: Admin HQ
- **subdivision name4**: Stretford
- **government type**: Metropolitan borough
- **leader title**: Governing body
- **leader name**: Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council
- **leader title1**: Mayors in England, Mayor
- **leader name1**: Cllr. Stephen Adshead
- **leader title2**: MPs elected in the UK general election, 2005, MPs:
- **leader name2**: Graham Brady Conservative Party (UK), (C)
Paul Goggins Labour Party (UK), (L)
Beverley Hughes Labour Party (UK), (L)
- **established title**: Local Government Act 1972, Founded
- **established date**: 1 April 1974
- **area total km2**: 106.04
- **population total**: (List of English districts by population, Ranked )
- **population density blank1 km2**: 1997
- **population blank2 title**: Ethnicity
<small>(2005 Estimate)</small>
- **population blank2**: 89.7% White
5.1% S. Asian
2.3% Black
1.8% Mixed
 1.1% Chinese and other
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time
- **utc offset**: +0
- **elevation m**: 30
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **postal code**: M postcode area, M
- **area code**: 0161
- **blank name**: ISO 3166-2:GB, ISO 3166-2
- **blank info**: GB-TRF
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank1 info**: 00BU
- **blank3 name**: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS 3
- **blank3 info**: UKD31
- **website**: [http://www.trafford.gov.uk/ www.trafford.gov.uk]
NT

**NT** stands for:
- Northern Territory, a territory in Australia
- Windows NT, a series of Microsoft Windows operating systems made by Microsoft
    - NTFS, a filesystem used by Windows NT
Software developer

A **software developer** is a company or person that creates software - either completely, or with other companies or people. The phrase 'software development' often means more than just designing or writing the software, it usually means someone who manages the project, or does only the main things. Most software developers are still led by a lead programmer (a software engineer that guides the project).

A programmer generally only writes code, but a software developer usually will:

- Work out the requirements to use the software
- Develop prototypes
- Work on the budget and finances of the project
- Perform testing, or get ideas from testers they select before the software is released
- Work on demonstrations or samples
- Release updates and patches for the software.
Ford Granada

The **Ford Granada** was a car produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1972 to 1985  (to 1994 in the UK). The third generation Granada was sold as the Scorpio in Europe and as the Granada in the UK.

The first generation appeared in March 1972 with saloon and estate versions, some lower-end models were called the Consul.

The second generation launched in September 1977 with the same saloon and estate models and got a facelift in 1981.

The third generation arrived in May 1985 with a hatchback version only, it was sold as the Scorpio in Europe and as the Granada in the UK, the Scorpio name was used as a trim level on higher-end versions in the UK. A saloon version was added in early 1990 and an estate was added in early 1992, alongside a small facelift.

In late 1994, the Granada name was replaced by the Scorpio for all markets and was sold as a saloon or an estate, no hatchback was offered. However, the styling often divided opinion which meant it didn’t sell too well and in 1998, the model was axed without a replacement.
Ford Fusion

The **Ford Fusion** name has been used on two different models of cars from the Ford Motor Company.

- Ford Fusion (Europe)
- Ford Fusion (Americas)
Ford Fusion (Americas)

- _For the Ford Fusion sold in Europe, see Ford Fusion (Europe)._

The **American Ford Fusion** is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 2005 to 2020 starting with the 2006 model year. It is sold in the Americas. The first generation model was produced from the 2006 to 2012 model years with a facelift in early 2009 as a 2010 model. The second
generation model launched in late 2012 as a 2013 model and was facelifted in Spring 2016 as a 2017 model. Ford discontinued the Fusion in 2020 without a replacement due to more people buying crossovers and SUVs.
Hand grenade

A **hand grenade** is a small explosive device that is thrown at a target. It can be used as a weapon against an enemy soldier or vehicle. The most common type of grenade is the fragmentation grenade. Fragmentation grenades send out lots of very fast, very small fragments when they explode. Hand granades are usually thrown, and explode soon after that. Some specially designed grenades are fired from rifles or specially made grenade launchers. There are grenades which contain tear gas. These are used to control riots.

Hand grenades are used by the infantry. There are three main types: one which gives a big powerful blast to destroy bunkers, another which starts fires and another which contains shrapnel to hurt enemy soldiers. Most grenades are shaped like an egg, with a metal-arm on its top and a ring. When the ring is pulled out, the arm flips up and ignites a fuse. The user then has a few seconds to throw it and take cover, usually about 5 seconds. It explodes on impact and may injure or even kill people.

## History

Early grenades were iron balls, filled with gunpowder and with a long fuse that its user must light up with a match before throwing. Some were too big to throw, so soldiers rolled them. Some armies assigned special soldiers called "grenadiers" to throw or roll grenades.

Grenades in the early 20th century exploded on contact. This was changed during World War I to time fuses. The German army used stick grenades (grenades with handles) during World War I and World War II. The Soviet Army used different grenades for attack and defence.

## Related pages

- Smoke grenade
- Ammunition
Diphtheria

**Diphtheria** (pronounced "diff-THEER-ee-uh") is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called _Corynebacterium diphtheriae_. It can be treated by special drugs, or by antibiotics. There is a vaccine which can prevent diphtheria. In 1942, there were 50,804 diphtheria cases in England and Wales; now there is about one case a year.

Diphtheria can cause serious problems, like:
- Inflammation of the heart, which can lead to death
- Different forms of paralysis, by poisoning of nerve cells
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Problems with the kidneys

## Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms of diphtheria usually begin two to five days after a person gets infected.  They may include:
- A thick, gray membrane covering the throat and tonsils
- A sore throat and a hoarse voice
- Swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in the neck
- Trouble breathing, or fast breathing
- Nasal discharge
- Fever and chills
- Malaise
In some people, infection with diphtheria-causing bacteria causes only a mild illness. These people may have no obvious signs or symptoms. Infected people who do not know they have diphtheria are called _carriers_ of diphtheria, because they can spread the infection without being sick themselves.

## Cutaneous diphtheria

A second type of diphtheria can affect the skin.  This type of diphtheria is called _cutaneous diphtheria_.  It causes pain, redness, and swelling on the skin, like other bacterial skin infections. People with cutaneous diphtheria may get ulcers, covered by a gray membrane, on their skin.

Cutaneous diphtheria is more common in tropical climates.  However, cutaneous diphtheria also happens in the United States, especially among people with poor hygiene who live in crowded conditions.

## Mechanism

Diphtheria toxin is produced by _C. diphtheriae_ only when infected with a bacteriophage which integrates the toxin-encoding genetic elements into the bacteria.
Complication

In medicine, people talk about **complications** if a disease or condition a patient has gets worse. This makes it more difficult (or more complicated, that is where the word is from) to treat.
- Some people are allergic to certain anesthetics; they will have an allergic shock. This makes surgery more difficult.
- People with osteoporosis may have their ribs or sternum broken when they undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Dumbo (disambiguation)

**Dumbo** may mean:

- _Dumbo_, a movie by Walt Disney Pictures
    - Dumbo (character), the main character in the movie
    - _Dumbo_, the 2019 remake of the classic movie
- A type of rat (see Fancy rat)
- A deep sea octopus that has been nicknamed Dumbo (see Grimpoteuthis)
- DUMBO, Brooklyn, a neighborhood in New York City
- A ride featured a number of Disney theme parks.
Ford Escort

**Ford Escort** may refer to:
- Ford Escort (Europe)
- Ford Escort (North America)
- Ford Squire (Ford Escort Estate Car)
Ford Escort (North America)

The **North American Ford Escort** was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1981 to 2003. Its successor, the Focus, was released in 2000. The first generation was made from model years 1981 to 1990. The second generation was made from model years 1991 to 1996. The third generation was made from model years 1997 to 2002. While the Focus came for the 2000 model year, the Escort continued for rental and fleet sales until 2002. The ZX2 was the coupe version launched for the 1998 model year and replaced the Probe in the line-up. It was facelifted for 2003 and then it was discontinued after just a single model year.
Exempli gratia

***Exempli gratia*** is a linking word, mostly known in English-speaking countries by its abbreviation **e.g.**, means "for example" in Latin.

The literal translation is "for the sake of example". Gratia means "for the sake of" and when used with the genitive case. Exempli is the genitive singular form of exemplum meaning example.

_Exempli gratia_ is sometimes confused with _id est_ (_i.e._)._ Id est_ means "that is (to say)" in the sense of "that means", or "which means", or "in other words", or sometimes "in this case".
Postal codes in France

The **French postal code format** is F- (or FR-) 99999. The first two digits give the département number. In Paris, Lyon and Marseille, the last two digits of the postal code shows the arrondissement. These codes are also used by French overseas departments and territories, except for French Southern and Antarctic Territories and Clipperton Island. Monaco is also part of the French postal code system. The country code MC- is used for Monegasque addresses.
Opelika, Alabama

**Opelika** is a city in and the county seat of Lee County in the part central of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is a principal city, along with Auburn, in the Auburn-Opelika, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). According to the 2020 census, the population of Opelika is 30,995.

## Notable people from Opelika

- George Bandy - State Representative from 1994 to 2018
- Joe Beckwith - former Major League baseball pitcher with the 1985 World Series champion Kansas City Royals
- Brad Cotter - country music singer
- William Dickinson - U.S. Congressman from 1965 to 1993
- Billy Hitchcock - former Atlanta Braves manager
- Robert L. Howard - soldier and Medal of Honor recipient of the Vietnam War
- Roy Lee Jackson - former Major League baseball player
- Rob Penny - playwright
- Lee W. Smith - diplomat, U.S. State Department
- James Voss - NASA astronaut

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Opelika, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "Rich in Heritage With a Vision for the Future"
- **image skyline**: Railroad Avenue Historic District Opelika Alabama.JPG
- **image caption**: Downtown Opelika
- **image map**: File:Lee County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Opelika Highlighted 0157048.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Opelika in Lee County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Lee County, Alabama, Lee
- **established date**: 1854
- **area total km2**: 161.00
- **area total sq mi**: 62.16
- **area land km2**: 158.39
- **area land sq mi**: 61.15
- **area water km2**: 2.62
- **area water sq mi**: 1.01
- **elevation ft**: 807
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 30995
- **population metro**: 193773
- **population density km2**: 195.69
- **population density sq mi**: 506.84
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 36801-36804
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-57048
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0152814
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Ricky Banderas

**Gilbert Cosme** (born May 25, 1976) is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring names **El Mesías** and **Ricky Banderas**. Cosme began his career in the International Wrestling Association in Puerto Rico. While performing in the company, he won the IWA World Heavyweight Championship five times. He also held minor championships on fifteen times. Cosme left the company in 2006.

On March 12, 2006 he started wrestling in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in Mexico as a character named Muerte Cibernetica. In November 2006, Cosme was involved in the tapings of the Wrestling Society X television series. He was the second and last wrestler to win the WSX Championship. Cosme returned to Puerto Rico and wrestled again with International Wrestling Association for a month. He then returned to Asistencia Asesoría y Administración in a special event presented by the company. At this time, he started using the name Mesias. In September 2007, the company held a tournament where all of the champions and first contenders wrestled. In the tournament, he won the GPCW Super-X Monster Championship and IWC World Heavyweight Championship. In the final match of the tournament, he became the first wrestler to win the AAA World Heavyweight Championship. While working in Mexico, Cosme signed a contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) where he started wrestling on September 13, 2007 as **Judas Mesias**. Cosme wrestled for TNA until March 2008. He is currently wrestling in Lucha Underground under his ring name **Mil Muertes**. He debuted for Lucha Underground on the episode, which aired on November 6, 2014.

## Other websites

- AAA profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Ricky Banderas
- **image**: AAA-El-Mesias-2012.jpg
- **caption**: El Mesías at AAA's ¿Quién Pinta para la Corona? on August 26, 2012
- **names**: Asesor Cibernetica
**El Mesías**
El Mega Triple Campeón de AAA
Judas Mesias
**Mil Muertes**
Muerte Cibernetica
**Ricky Banderas**
- **birth place**: Bayamón, Puerto Rico, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
- **billed**: **Bayamón, Puerto Rico**
**The Depths of Hell**
Parts Unknown (wrestling), Parts Unknown
**Beyond the Grave (as Mil Muertes)**
- **debut**: 1997
- **retired**: 2000
High Wycombe

**High Wycombe** is a large town in south Buckinghamshire. It has a population of about 175,000 people. The town is the largest  town in Buckinghamshire. High Wycombe is the central hub for south Buckinghamshire and parts of Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire. It has central bus and railway stations with services to London and Birmingham, England's two largest cities. It is also a shopping area. It has one of the largest shopping centres in England. The town is in the Chilterns, an area of natural beauty. This makes it a tourist location. It has a museum, a regional theatre, a tourist information centre and two National Trust properties within three miles of the town centre. It is also a sporting venue. The venue has a large football stadium and one of few olympic size swimming pools in the United Kingdom. The town has some colleges that offer quality education and several well-regarded grammar schools as well as Wycombe Abbey, a famous private girls school. Some of the top-rated scholls in High Wycombe are Highcrest Academy, Amersham & Wycombe College, John Hampden Grammar School, Royal Grammar School and Wycombe High .

Notable residents past and present include:
- Howard Jones
- Jimmy Carr
- Matt Dawson
- Heston Blumenthal
- Ian Dury

## Other websites

- Wycombe District Council
Taylor

**Taylor** is an English surname. It means "tailor". It may also mean Taylor, the given name.

## Places

- Australia
    - Electoral district of Taylor
    - Taylor, Australian Capital Territory

- Canada
    - Taylor, British Columbia

- United States
    - Taylor, Arizona
    - Taylor, Arkansas
    - Taylor, Indiana
    - Taylor, Michigan
    - Taylor, Mississippi
    - Taylor, Nebraska
    - Taylor, New York
    - Taylor, Pennsylvania
    - Taylor, Texas
    - Taylor, Wisconsin
    - Taylor, Wyoming
    - Taylor County (disambiguation page)

## People

- Taylor Dayne, stage name of Leslie Wunderman (born 1962), American singer-songwriter and actress
- Taylor Momsen (born 1993), American musician, singer, and actress
- Taylor Swift (born 1989), American singer-songwriter and actress
- Taylor Wilson (born 1994), American nuclear scientist, male

## Fictional characters

- Taylor Earhardt, Yellow Ranger from the TV series _Power Rangers: Wild Force_
- Col. George Taylor, main character from the movie _Planet of the Apes_
- Noah Taylor, minor character from the TV series _Desperate Housewives_
- Rick Taylor, main character from the video game series _Splatterhouse_
- Steven Taylor, one of the First Doctor's companions in the British series _Doctor Who_
- William Taylor, main character from the video game _Nights: Journey of Dreams_
- Jennifer Taylor, fictional character in the television series _Queer as Folk_
- Justin Taylor, fictional character in the television series _Queer as Folk_

## Other uses

- _AMD Taylor_, another name for the Turion 64 X2 computer processor
- Lord and Taylor, an American department store
- Taylor sept, a Clan Cameron group
- Taylor Corporation, printing company
- Taylor Guitars, a luthier in California, USA
- Taylor KO Factor, measure of the stopping power of rifle bullets
- Taylor rule, in economics, is a proposed policy relating to how interest rate should be changed
- Taylor series, in mathematics, is a way to represent any function in power series
- Taylor University, located in Indiana, USA
- "Taylor" (song), a song by Jack Johnson
- Taylors Eayre & Smith Ltd, bell founders of Loughborough, England
Jock Sturges

**Jock Sturges** (born 1947) is an American photographer. He is most well known for taking photographs of young people, often in the nude. His work on the nude beaches in France and California has been the subject of disputes.

Sturges was born in New York City. He got his degree in photography at Marlboro College. Sturges caused dispute, as his work is mostly young girls and boys photographed in the nude. In April 1990, he was raided and arrested by the FBI, but the case was thrown out by the Grand Jury, because his photographs were of naturism rather than pornography.
Pakistani rupee

The **rupee** (symbol: Rs; code: PKR) is the currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank of Pakistan. The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is **Rs**, used on receipts when purchasing goods and services. In Pakistan, the rupee is referred to as the "rupees", "rupaya" or "rupaye". As standard in Pakistani English, large values of rupees are counted in terms of thousands, lakh (hundred thousands, in digits 1,00,000) and crore (ten millions, in digits 1,00,00,000).

## Infobox (currency)

- **image title 1**: 1000 rupees banknote (obverse)
- **image title 2**: 10 rupees (reverse)
- **iso code**: PKR
- **iso number**: 586
- **iso exponent**: 5
- **inflation rate**: 9.4% (March 2019)
- **subunit name 1**: Paisa
- **symbol**: R
- **nickname**: Rupayya.
- **frequently used coins**: 1, 2, 5, 10 Rupees
- **rarely used coins**: 20 Rupees
- **frequently used banknotes**: 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 Rupees
- **rarely used banknotes**: 5000 Rupees
- **issuing authority**: State Bank of Pakistan
- **printer**: Pakistan Security Printing Corporation
- **mint**: Pakistan Mint
Golden Crescent

The **Golden Crescent** is one of Asia's two main areas of illegal opium production, in South-central Asia and Western Asia. It is in the mountainous border areas of Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan.
French Beach, Karachi

**French Beach** of Karachi is a small fishing village. It is half way between Hawkes Bay and Paradise Point. The local people call it _Haji Abdullah Goth_. It is surrounded by a boundary wall. It has 20 huts for rent. The village does not have running water or electric power. Its rocky beach and clear waters are ideal for snorkeling and scuba diving. Visitors must bring their own equipment as well as food and drink supplies.