juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Korouhanba

**Korouhanba** (, ) is the God of the Sun, the Sky and the Heaven in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is also known as Taohuireng and is one of the two sun brothers in the Numit Kappa epic legend. For having the ability to remove darkness, he is also called "Ngantureng". He is described as "Songbu Chiraitangba", a physician who is bald headed.

## Etymology

The Meitei name "Korouhanba" (ko.rəu.hən.bə, ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯍꯟꯕ) is a term for the Sun. This term is generally used in verses or in poems. "Korouhanba" (ko.rəu.hən.bə, ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯍꯟꯕ) can be fragmented into "Korou" (ko.rəu, ꯀꯣꯔꯧ), "Han" (hən, ꯍꯟ) and "Ba" (bə, ꯕ). "Korou" (ko.rəu, ꯀꯣꯔꯧ) means the day. "Han" (hən, ꯍꯟ) means _"to be older"_. "Ba" (bə, ꯕ) denotes noun form.

## Description

According to the Meitei tradition, Sun God Korouhanba has strong connection with human body, human soul and origin of life. The human body is a "Lang" (lit. trap). Inside the trap, the "Thawai Polpi" (lit. soul bird) is kept. The soul bird leaves the former "Lang" and enters into another "Lang". The process is called "Langon" (lit. Changing of Lang). The "Polpilang Puya" text describes that the sun is the origin of life. It was told to Luwang Leikoiba by Mangang Laininghal according to the text. He (the Sun) represents the Supreme Being in the world of things (non living) and beings (living). He is Korouhanba.

## Cults and pantheons

The Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated in honor of God Korouhanba every year. The most significant shrine dedicated to God Korouhanba is in Moidangpok town in Manipur.
The cults and pantheons dedicated to God Korouhanba are mainly maintained by the Thokchom family of Meitei ethnicity.

He has religious association with the Maring tribe.

## Connection with other deities

God Korouhanba has connection with Mangang Luwang Khuman, the three divine teachers in many legends.

### Martial Arts Club

The **Ibudhou Korouhanba Thang-Ta Moidangpok** is a club of Thang Ta, a martial art form of the Meitei ethnicity. This martial arts association was a leading participant in the 31st State Thang Ta Championship in the year 2021.

## Related pages

1. Pisatao
1. Taoroinai

## Bibliography

- A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy - by Singh, L. Bhagyachandra - 1991

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Meitei
- **name**: Korouhanba
 ()
- **deity of**: God of the sun, sky and heaven
- **caption**: Sun God Korouhanba
- **other names**: Kolouhanpa, Numit, Taohuireng, Taodanba, Ngantureng
- **affiliation**: Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
- **cult center**: Moidangpok
- **abode**: Heaven
- **symbol**: Sun
- **day**: Sunday
- **texts**: Numit Kappa, Soupon Lailemma Loutalon, Wakoklon Heelel Thilen Salai Amailon Pukok Puya
- **gender**: Male
- **greek equivalent**: Helios, Apollo
- **roman equivalent**: Sol
- **hinduism equivalent**: Surya
- **equivalent1 type**: Egyptian
- **equivalent1**: Ra
- **region**: Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur)
- **ethnic group**: Meitei ethnicity
- **festivals**: Lai Haraoba
Microcredit

A **microcredit** (sometimes called a **micro-loan**, or **microloan**) is a special kind of loan given to poor business people, mostly in developing countries. Microcredits were created to support entrepreneurship, and to lessen poverty. Very often, people getting a microcredit are illiterate: they cannot fill out forms to apply for a regular loan. Microcredits also work differently: the interest ot be paid is usually much higher than with a regular loan, often it is over 20%. The interest usually also has to be paid more often. Microcredits have been criticized, because people taking them often end up in a situation where they cannot repay their debt.

Microcredits are given by special banks or cooperatives like Oikocredit, making this investments to help society.
Español (disambiguation)

**Español** might mean:
- Spanish language
- Spanish people
- Central Español F.C., a Uruguayan football club

## Other

- R.C.D. Espanyol de Barcelona
AfriMusic Song Contest

The **AfriMusic Song Contest** is a pan-African song contest based in the ESC. Different singers representing an African country celebreted since 2018 to present.

## Predecessors

- Song Of Africa (originally to be celebrated in May 25, 2011 in Johannesburg, South Africa to become the African licensed version of Eurovision)
- Africa Song / Le Chant De L'Afrique (originally to take place in December 2014 and to be organized by the Africa Song Holdings Limited legally registered in Mauritius with the key peeople from South Africa)
- All Africa Song Contest (originally to be hosted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2015 and organized by the Kush Communications, London based production company led by Zeinab Badawi)

## List of winners

|Year|Country|Song|Performer|Article|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2018||_Sengikhona_|Symphony|AMSC 2018|
|2019||_Phakama Mbokodo_|Nonzwakazi|AMSC 2019|
|2020||_Yèmi_|Dhortune ThatOndoBoy|AMSC 2020|

## Highest placings of non-winning countries

|Best placing|Country|Most recently|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2nd||_Stop_|Ingrid White|AMSC 2018|
|2nd||_Carlitos_|Jay Arghh A.K.A J'R|AMSC 2019|
|3rd||_Close To Me_|Nina Watson|AMSC 2018|
|3rd||_Gold_|Towela Kaira|AMSC 2019|
|3rd||_Downtown Guy_|EpiqMenz|AMSC 2020|
|4th||_Coloured Skin_|Feine|AMSC 2018|
|5th||_Juste en peu_|CCI Studio Orchestre Meets D S Cynthia, Fabému, Masta Ricky & Papson D.C.|AMSC 2018|
|5th||_Cause You're Mine_|Crank|AMSC 2020|

## Related pages

- Eurovision Song Contest
- Eurovision Asia Song Contest
- Turkvision Song Contest

## Other websites

- AfriMusic Song Contest.com - the official website of the AfriMusic Song Contest
Ancient Moirang

**Ancient Moirang**, also known as **Keke Moirang**, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the southern plains of the present day Manipur, India. The Keke Kangla served as the capital city of the kingdom since time immemorial. The major body of accounts related to the history, literature, mythology of the kingdom are collectively called Moirang Kangleirol.

## History

The kingdom flourished about the same time as the Chinese Golden Ages. The period started from 52 BC in Moirang and 208 BC in China.

### Genealogy of ancient rulers

The Moirang Ningthourol (genealogy of the ancient rulers) were calculated with reference to many ancient texts, including the Cheitharol Kumpapa.

## Administration and Commerce

The Iwang Puriklai (ruler of Moirang) was the absolute monarch of the kingdom. For a smooth and sound administration, the kingdom was divided into eight leikais (ward<nowiki/>s or sectors). Along with this division, there were also nine organized marketplaces. There were various institutions of the Phamnaiba Loishangs (Offices hold by Scholars), for smooth and proper conduct of the Thangjing Haraoba in the kingdom.

## Religion

The ancient people worshipped Lord Thangjing, the presiding deity, as the founder of the kingdom.

## Related pages

- Moirang
- Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang
- Ancient Manipur
Echizen forged knives

**Echizen forged knives** are traditional knives made in Echizen City, Fukui prefecture, Japan. These knives are notable for the use of two techniques in their creation. _Nimai hiroge_ (double layering), and _Mawashi hagane tsuke_ (shaping the knife). Because of these characteristical techniques, they were chosen as the earliest traditional craft for forged knives in 1979.

## History

The origin of Echizen forged knives was in the early Nanboku-chō period. In 1337, Kuniyasu Chiyotsuru, a sword maker from Kyoto Prefecture moved to _Echizen no kuni_ (present Echizen City) and made sickles for the citizens. During his stay, many citizens began to make products using his techniques. Because of this, Echizen City became an area famous for its production of farming tools. During the Edo period, these tools spread in Japan through trading. They were noted for their lightness and sharpness, and because of this, knives made in Echizen City became popular in Japan. Now, Echizen produces many products other than knives, such as hatchets.

## Two main processes

The two main important processes: _nimai hiroge_ and _mawashi hagane tsuke_.

- _Nimai hiroge_ (double layering)

...The blade is evenly thinned by stretching the two layered plates. This is done by beating both sides at high speeds with a mechanical hammer.

- _Mawashi hagane tsuke_ (shaping the knife)

...The tip of the blade is sharpened carefully to be close to the sharpness of a diamond.

## Main associations

- Echizen Forged Knives Cooperative Association
- Takefu Knife Village Cooperative Association

- Takefu Knives Wholesale Commerce Cooperative Association

## References

KOGEI JAPAN  https://kogeijapan.com/locale/ja_JP/echizenuchihamono/

Echizen Forged Knives Cooperative Association HP  https://www.echizenuchihamono.com/shop.php

Takefu Knife village Cooperative Association HP   https://tkvstore.net/
Gangs of New York

***Gangs of New York*** is a 2002 American epic historical crime movie that was directed by Martin Scorsese. It is set in the New York City. It was inspired by Herbert Asbury's 1927 nonfiction book _The Gangs of New York_. The movie stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Cameron Diaz.
Leonard Harris

**Leonard Harris** (September 27, 1929 – August 28, 2011) was an American actor, critic and author. He was known for his roles as Senator Charles Palantine in _Taxi Driver_ (1976) and the mayor in _Hero at Large_ (1980).

Harris died of pneumonia on August 28, 2011 in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 81.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leonard Harris
- **birthname**: Leonard Jerome Harris
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, critic, author
- **yearsactive**: 1976–1980
- **children**: 2
RTBF

The ***Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française*** (**RTBF**, _Belgian Radio-television  of the French Community_, branded as **rtbf.be**) is a public service broadcaster delivering radio and television services to the French-speaking Community of Belgium, in Wallonia and Brussels.
Windows NT 5.x

**Windows NT 5.x** is a family of Microsoft Windows NT, starting with Windows 2000 and ending with Server 2003. After Windows NT 5.2's end of support in 2015, no NT 5.x operating systems are supported by Microsoft.

## Versions

|OS|Date|Build|NT Version|Support status||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Windows 2000||Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Windows 2000 Datacenter Server|NT 5.0|Mainstream support ended on June 30, 2005. Extended support ended on||
|Windows XP||Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows XP Embedded, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, Windows 64-Bit Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition|NT 5.1|Mainstream support ended on April 14, 2009. Extended support ended on .||
|Windows Server 2003||Windows Server 2003 Web Server, Windows Server 2003 Standard Server, Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Server, Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Server|rowspan="2"|NT 5.2|Mainstream support ended on July 13, 2010. Extended support ended on|
|Windows Server 2003 R2||Windows Server 2003 R2 Web Server, Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Server, Windows Server 2003 R2 Datacenter Server, Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Server.|Mainstream support ended on July 13, 2010. Extended support ended on|||
Pakhangba Temple, Kangla

**Pakhangba Laishang** () (literally, _"Pakhangba Temple"_) is an ancient Meitei temple dedicated to God Pakhangba, inside the Kangla Palace in Imphal, Manipur, India.
After its reconstruction, it was consecrated in 2010.

## Related pages

- Khwairakpa Erel

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Pakhangba Laishang
- **building name**: Pakhangba Temple
- **native name**: ꯄꯥꯈꯪꯄ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ
- **native name lang**: Meitei
- **religious affiliation**: Sanamahism (Meitei religion)
- **image**: Temple at Kangla.jpg
- **location**: Imphal, Manipur
- **deity**: Pakhangpa
- **tradition**: Meitei religion
- **sect**: Sanamahism
- **festivals**: Pakhangba Cheng Hongba
- **district**: Imphal West district
- **state**: Manipur
- **province**: Manipur
- **country**: India
- **administration**: Government of Manipur
- **consecration year**: 2010
- **dome quantity**: 1
- **temple quantity**: 1
- **monument quantity**: 1
- **shrine quantity**: 1
Atlassian

**Atlassian Corporation** is an Australian software development company for the IT industry. It is best known for its JIRA and Confluence bug tracking system. The company is headquartered in Sydney, Australia. In total, the company has nine offices in six countries and serves more than 300,000 customers.

## History

The company name comes from Atlas (), a character from Greek mythology. Until 2017, the company's logo looked like an X-shaped figure supporting the sky. However, in 2017, the logo was changed to a modern one because, according to the designers, "The previous version of the logo was inspired by Atlas, and an example of legendary service and support.

Atlassian was founded in 2002 by two students from the University of New South Wales, Mike Cannon-Brooks and Scott Farkuhar. They both left training to work on the project. The start-up capital was only 10 thousand dollars.

Atlasian released its first product, JIRA (bug tracking and project management system), in 2002, and on April 25, 2004, they released Confluence, a platform for collaboration, dissemination of documentation and knowledge based on wiki technology.

In 2007, Atlassian released Bamboo, a server for continuous integration and delivery, and acquired Cenqua, another Australian IT company, along with its software products FishEye (version control system), Crucible (code viewer) and Clover (software for Java code testing, in April 2017 Atlassian closed it, and made the code public).

In July 2010, Atlassian received a $60 million investment from investment company Accel Partners.

In 2011, the company's revenue reached $102 million, and in 2014 it was $215 million.

In 2015, Atlassian made an initial public offering on the NASDAQ and its capitalization was estimated at $4.37 billion.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Atlassian Corporation Plc
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **logo**: Atlassian-logo.svg
- **industry**: Software
- **foundation**:
Sydney, Australia
- **founders**: Mike Cannon-Brookes
Scott Farquhar
- **hq location city**: Sydney
- **hq location country**: Australia
- **key people**: Mike Cannon-Brookes
Scott Farquhar (Co-Founders & CEOs)
- **revenue**: $1.61 billion (July 2020)
- **num employees**: 4,907 (July 2020)
Two-party system

There are several states in the world, where politics is dominated by two parties. This is known as **two-party system.** According to Giovanni Sartori, the following is true for such as system:

1. Each of the two parties is able to reach an absolute majority in parliament
1. When there are elections, usually one of the two parties wins an absolute majority
1. The party that is elected wants to rule alone
1. There's a large probability that with elections, the ruling party will change over time

The Median voter theorem describes such a system: While at first the parties have programmes that are very different from each other, over time, they will get closer. Hotelling's law also describes this in game theory.

Note that in such systems, there may also be other parties, bur these rarely have enough influence to win majorities in elections.

Two Examples of countries that have a two party system are the United Kingdom, and the United States.

## Related pages

- Multi-party system - A system where there are many parties, Sometimes, several parties work together in government.
- One-party state - There's only one party, but sometimes people can choose from different candidates of that party.
Median voter theorem

The **median voter theorem** is a theorem from political economics: Suppose there are two parties: One is a left-wing party, the other is a right-wing party. Voters either vote for the left-wing party L, or the right-wing party R. In an election, L has an interest to shift its position towards the middle, so that it can get voters from the other party R. Similarly, R has an interest to shift its position towards the middle, so it can get voters from L.
California's 1st congressional district

**California's 1st congressional district** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. The seat has been vacant since the death of Republican U.S. Representative Doug LaMalfa in 2026. Before LaMalfa, the district had not had a Republican congressman since 1998.

The district is made up of the counties: Butte County, Lassen County, Modoc County, Plumas County, Shasta County, Sierra County, Siskiyou County, Tehama County, most of Nevada County, part of Glenn County and part of Placer County.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: California
- **district number**: 1
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since 2023 (Used in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2022 elections)
- **representative**: Vacant
- **population**: 758,561
- **population year**: 2022
- **median income**: $64,471
- **percent white**: 77.6
- **percent hispanic**: 13.0
- **percent black**: 1.4
- **percent asian**: 2.7
- **percent more than one race**: 3.5
- **percent other race**: 1.7
- **cpvi**: R+12
Sylvirana mortenseni

The **Koh Chang Island frog** or **Mortensen's frog** (_Sylvirana mortenseni_) is a frog from Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos.  Scientists have seen it as high as 800 meters above sea level.
Rabeya Khatun

**Rabeya Khatun** (27 December 1935 – 3 January 2021) was a Bangladeshi novelist. As of 2008, she wrote over 50 novels and more than 400 short stories. Her works include essays, novels, research, short stories, religious history and travelogues. She was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1973, Ekushey Padak in 1993 and Independence Day Award in 2017 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Khatun died 3 January 2021 at her residence in Gulshan, Dhaka.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rabeya Khatun
- **native name**: রাবেয়া খাতুন
- **native name lang**: bn
- **birth place**: Bikrampur, Bengal Presidency, British India
- **death place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **awards**: #Awards, full list
Lyft

**Lyft** is a taxi service which is publicly traded and based in San Francisco, California, USA. Lyft allows users to find, through a website or mobile app, drivers who are partnering with the service and are ready to give them a ride for a reasonable fee. Lyft's motto is “your friend with a car”. According to the company, their service allows its clients to travel by Lyft at a cost 30% lower than using traditional taxis.

The service operates in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada.

Lyft started in the summer of 2012.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Lyft, Inc.
- **logo**:
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **industry**: Vehicle for hire
- **foundation**: (as Zimride)
- **founders**: Logan Green
John Zimmer
- **location city**: San Francisco, California
- **area served**: United States, Canada
- **key people**: Logan Green, CEO
John Zimmer, President (corporate title), President
Brian Roberts, CFO
- **owner**: Rakuten (11%)
- **num employees**: 5,683 (2020)
- **subsid**: Motivate (company), Motivate
- **location country**: U.S.
Ucanha

**Ucanha** is a place in northern Yucatán, Mexico, where scientists dig up Mayan ruins.  It used to be a town where Mayans lived.  People lived in Ucanha during the Late Preclassic period (ca. 300 B.C. —  ca. A.D. 250).  It was about 2.2 square kilometers in size. There were about 400 households. It was connected  to a larger town, Uci, by a wide stone causeway.  Uci is 13 km to the west of Ucanha.

A large brightly colored stucco mask was discovered in Ucanha in 2017. It is about two meters tall and was found in a building near the center of Ucanha.  Although masks like this one have been found in other Maya sites, this is the only one known for this part of Mexico.
The mask has been repaired so it looks the way it did when it was new.  The archaeologists buried the mask again to preserve it and  because the site is not legally protected.
Insemination

For organisms that reproduce sexually, **insemination** is the transfer of male gametes (usually sperm) into the female reproductive tract, for the purpose of generating offspring. In mammals, this is the uterus, in birds, this is the oviduct. Insemination happens naturally during sexual intercourse, or copulation. It can also be done artificially, in which case it is called artificial insemination.

## See also

- Creampie (sexual act)
Abiu

The **Abiu** is a tropical tree from South America. The tree grows to heights between  and . It produces edible fruit. When they are ripe, the fruits are yellow.

Abiu fruits are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidants and dietary fibre. They are also a good source of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. In addition to its nutritional benefits, the Abiu fruit is believed to have medicinal properties, and is traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs, colds, and fever.

The Abiu tree is a tropical evergreen that can reach up to 20 meters in height. It is a relatively low-maintenance plant that thrives in warm, humid climates with plenty of rainfall. The tree produces fruit year-round, although the peak season for Abiu fruits is typically between December and April.

Abiu fruits can be eaten fresh, and are often used to make juice, jams, and desserts. The fruit's sweet and creamy flavor also makes it a popular ingredient in ice cream and other sweet treats.
Ted Turner (guitarist)

**David Alan "Ted" Turner** (born 2 August 1950) is an English guitarist and singer. He was one of Wishbone Ash's lead guitarists between 1969 and 1974; and again between 1987 and 1994.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ted Turner
- **birth name**: David Alan Turner
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Birmingham, England
- **instrument**: Electric guitar, lap steel guitar, vocals
- **genre**: Rock music, progressive rock, Blues art rock, new age soul
- **occupation**: Singer–songwriter, musician, producer.
- **years active**: 1969–present
- **associated acts**: Martin Turner, Wishbone Ash
Buissard

**Buissard** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D15, D15A, D15B and D945 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Buissard
- **area km2**: 2.92
- **elevation max m**: 1340
- **elevation min m**: 1026
- **elevation m**: 1240
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Jean-Pierre Vallet
- **postal code**: 05500
- **insee**: 05025
- **canton**: Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **caption**: The hamlet of Rissents, within Buissard
- **image**: Rissents-vue-21.JPG
Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur

**Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D15, D43, D215, D243 and D945 roads pass through the commune.

## Notable people

Vivian Maier used to live in Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur
- **area km2**: 10.04
- **elevation max m**: 1842
- **elevation min m**: 993
- **elevation m**: 1104
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Claude Pellegrin
- **postal code**: 05500
- **insee**: 05147
- **canton**: Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Saint Julien en Champsaur.svg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur
- **image**: St-Julien-Ch-église-87.JPG
Forest-Saint-Julien

**Forest-Saint-Julien** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D13, D14, D114, D215, D414 and D944 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Forest-Saint-Julien
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes Champsaur-Valgaudemar, Champsaur-Valgaudemar
- **area km2**: 6.95
- **elevation max m**: 1631
- **elevation min m**: 1015
- **elevation m**: 1200
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Fabrice Borel
- **postal code**: 05260
- **insee**: 05056
- **canton**: Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Forest Saint Julien.svg
- **caption**: The chapel of Forest-Saint-Julien
- **image**: Forest-St-Julien-chapelle-57.JPG
Saint-Laurent-du-Cros

**Saint-Laurent-du-Cros** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D14, D114 and D414 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Laurent-du-Cros
- **area km2**: 12.69
- **elevation max m**: 1366
- **elevation min m**: 979
- **elevation m**: 1020
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Jean-Marie Amar
- **postal code**: 05500
- **insee**: 05148
- **canton**: Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Saint Laurent du Cros.svg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Laurent-du-Cros
- **image**: Temple-St-Laurent-du-Cros.jpg
GeForce

**GeForce** is a brand name by Nvidia. It is a series of video cards.

Their main competitor is AMD with their Radeon line. Another competitor is Intel with their Intel Arc line.

## History

GeForce is the successor of the RIVA TNT2 line.

In early 1999, Nvidia made a contest named "Name That Chip". The public should find a name for Nvidia's next video card. 7 winners had earned a RIVA TNT2 Ultra as a reward. The brand name "GeForce" won.

The first card in the series was the GeForce 256. It was released on September 1, 1999.

The latest video card series under the GeForce brand is the GeForce 50 series, as of January 2025.

## Timeline

|scope="row" style="border-right:1.4em solid #76B900"|1999|
| --- | --- |
|GeForce 256||
|GeForce 2 series||
|GeForce 3 series||
|GeForce 4 series||
|GeForce FX series||
|GeForce 6 series||
|GeForce 7 series||
|GeForce 8 series||
|class="rt_first"|GeForce 9 series|
|class="rt_last"|GeForce 200 series|
|class="rt_first"|GeForce 100 series|
|class="rt_last"|GeForce 300 series|
|class="rt_first"|GeForce 400 series|
|class="rt_last"|GeForce 500 series|
|GeForce 600 series||
|GeForce 700 series||
|class="rt_first"|GeForce 800M series|
|class="rt_last"|GeForce 900 series|
|GeForce 10 series||
|GeForce 20 series||
|GeForce 16 series||
|GeForce 30 series||
|GeForce 40 series||

## Other websites

- Official website
- GeForce powered games
AMD Radeon

**AMD Radeon** () is a brand name by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Several computer products are sold under the brand. For example, graphics processing units (GPUs), random-access memory (RAM), and overclocking software. These products are produced by Radeon Technologies Group, a division of AMD.

Radeon's main competitor is Nvidia with their GeForce, Quadro, RTX and Tesla line of graphics cards.

## History

As a brand name, Radeon was created by ATI Technologies, but then AMD purchased the company in 2006 for $5.6 billion.
Cypronia

**Cypronia** is Slovakian indie video game developer. It is based in Michalovce.

## History

**Cypronia** (also known as Ablaze Entertainment and Cypron Studios) is a video game developer founded in 1997 as Ablaze Entertainment by Stefan Pavelka. In 2001, it was renamed Cypron Studios, and in 2008 it adopted its current name, Cypronia.

The studio became popular after they released the 2015 video game _Cube Life: Island Survival_. It reached #1 in the European, #2 in the American and #3 in the Japanese Nintendo eShop charts.

## Notable games

- State of War (2001) on English Wikipedia)
- Command and Destroy (2008) on English Wikipedia
- Jagged Alliance (2008 version) on English Wikipedia)
- Cube Life: Island Survival (2015) on English Wikipedia

## Released games

- The Strangers (1997, Amiga, real-time strategy game)
- Napalm: Crimson Crisis (1999, Amiga, real-time strategy game)
- State of War (2001, Microsoft Windows, real-time strategy game)
- State of War: Warmonger (2003, Microsoft Windows, real-time strategy game, a sequel to State of War)
- Gods: Lands of Infinity (2006, Microsoft Windows, turn-based RPG)
- Logitech's golf (2006, Microsoft Windows)
- Gods: Lands of Infinity: Special Edition (2007, Microsoft Windows, rehaul of Gods: Lands of Infinity)
- State of War 2: Arcon (2007, Microsoft Windows, multiplayer-focused real-time strategy game)
- Command and Destroy (2008, Nintendo DS, real-time strategy game)
- 1 vs. 100 (2008, Nintendo DS, quiz game based on popular TV show _1 vs. 100_ by Endemol)
- Jagged Allyance (2008, Nintendo DS, DS adaptation of Jagged Alliance PC franchise)
- Cube Life: Island Survival (2015, Wii U, sandbox survival game)
- Cube Life: Pixel Action Heroes (2017, Wii U, sandbox first person shooter game)
- Pixel Action Heroes (2018, Nintendo Switch, remake of Cube Life: Pixel Action Heroes)
- Cube Life: Island Survival HD (2018, Microsoft Windows, remake of Cube Life: Island Survival)
- State of War: Warmonger (2018, Microsoft Windows, port for newer computer systems, contains State of War and State of War: Warmonger on )
- Angry Bunnies: Colossal Carrot Crusade (2019)

## References

</references>

## Other websites

- Cypronia.com - Official website
- Cypronia on Nintendo Life

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Cypronia
- **former names**: Ablaze Entertainment (1997–2001); Cypron Studios (2001–2008)
- **type**: Privately owned
- **industry**: Video game industry, Video games
- **location**: Michalovce, Slovak Republic
- **products**: Video games
- **website**: [http://www.cypronia.com/ www.cypronia.com]
California's 36th congressional district

**California's 36th congressional district** is a U.S. congressional district in California. It is in the eastern part of Riverside County and is in the city of Los Angeles.

The district has the communities of Palm Springs, Palm Desert, Indio, Coachella, Rancho Mirage, Desert Hot Springs, Indian Wells and Cathedral City in the district.

The district is represented by Democrat Raul Ruiz.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: California
- **district number**: 36
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **english area**: 480
- **population**: 727,412
- **population year**: 2022
- **median income**: $121,164
- **percent white**: 65.8
- **percent hispanic**: 12.4
- **percent black**: 2.9
- **percent asian**: 14.0
- **percent more than one race**: 4.2
- **percent other race**: 0.7
- **cpvi**: D+21
Coachella, California

**Coachella** ( ,  ) is a city in Riverside County, California. It is the easternmost city and the Coachella Valley is named after the city.
Cathedral City, California

**Cathedral City**, colloquially known as "**Cat City**", is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States. It is in Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. In 2020, 51,493 people lived there.
Colorado Desert

California's **Colorado Desert** is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert. It is about . It also has the irrigated Coachella and Imperial valleys. The desert is known for its many flora and fauna.

## Other websites

- Colorado Desert – Overview from California Wildlife Action Plan site
2021 Palmas FR plane crash

The **2021 Tocantinense aviation disaster** took place on January 24, 2021, when a plane crashed shortly after departing Palmas–Brigadeiro Lysias Rodrigues Airport in Brazil. Six people were on board, killing four people. Those killed were members of the Palmas Futebol e Regatas association football team members, the club's owner and the plane's pilot. The plane was en route to a regional cup football game between Palmas and Vila Nova, for the Brazilian Copa Verde championship.

## Deaths

The victims of the crash were identified as:
- Marcus Molinari
- Guilherme Noe
- Lucas Praxedes
- Ranule
- Lucas Meira
- Commander Wagner
Steven T. Kuykendall

**Steven T. Kuykendall** (January 27, 1947 – January 23, 2021) was an American Republican politician. Kuykendall was born in McAlester, Oklahoma.

Kuykendall was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from  from 1999 to 2001. Kuykendall was also a member of the California State Assembly from 1994 to 1998.

Kuykendall died of pulmonary fibrosis on January 23, 2021, in Long Beach, California at age 73.

## Other websites

- Official site
- CNN candidate profile
- Voting record maintained by _The Washington Post_
Sifis Valirakis

**Iosif "Sifis" Valirakis** (, 12 March 1943 – 24 January 2021) was a Greek politician. He was a member of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). Valirakis was born in  Chania, Crete. From 1995 to 1996, he was Minister of Public Order.

On 24 January 2021, Valirakis fell out of a boat and drowned near Eretria, Greece, aged 78.
Eretria

**Eretria** (; , _Eretria_, literally "city of the rowers"' ) is a town in Euboea, Greece. It is across the narrow South Euboean Gulf.
Joseph Sonnabend

**Joseph Adolph Sonnabend** (6 January 1933 – 24 January 2021) was a South African physician, scientist and HIV/AIDS researcher. He was known for his research and awareness campaign about safe sex to prevent STDs and AIDS.

Sonnabend had a heart attack on 3 January 2021.  He died on 24 January at a London hospital at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joseph A. Sonnabend
- **honorific suffix**: <small>Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, FRCP Ed</small>
- **birth place**: Union of South Africa
- **death place**: London, England
- **alma mater**: University of the Witwatersrand (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, MBBCh)
- **occupation**: Physician and clinical researcher
Patrick O'Donoghue (bishop)

**Patrick O'Donoghue** (4 May 1934 – 24 January 2021) was an Irish Roman Catholic bishop. He was the fifth Bishop of Lancaster, who led the diocese from 2001 to 2009. He was born in Mourne Abbey, County Cork, Ireland.

O'Donoghue died on 24 January 2021 in Mallow, County Cork at the age of 86.
Moshe Moskowitz

**Moshe Moskowitz** (23 January 1925 – 24 January 2021) was an Israeli politician. He was the Head of the Shafir Regional Council from 1952 to 1979. He was also the founder of the Gush Etzion settlement.

Moskowitz died on 24 January 2021, aged 96.
Jean-Pierre Michel

**Jean-Pierre Michel** (5 August 1938 – 24 January 2021) was a French politician. He was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute-Saône department from 2004 to 2014.  He was a member of the Socialist Party. Michel was Mayor of Héricourt, Haute-Saône from 1983 to 2004. He was born in Nîmes, France.

Michel died on 24 January 2021 in Trévenans, France at the age of 82.
Trévenans

**Trévenans** is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in northeastern France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Trévenans
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: LGV Rhin-Rhône 1er décembre 2011 2.jpg
- **caption**: Trévenans from the TGV
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Trévenans (Territoire de Belfort).svg
- **insee**: 90097
- **postal code**: 90400
- **arrondissement**: Belfort
- **canton**: Châtenois-les-Forges
- **mayor**: Pierre Barlogis
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **intercommunality**: Belfortaine
- **elevation min m**: 327
- **elevation max m**: 422
- **area km2**: 5.96
Sigvard Marjasin

**Mauritz Sigvard Marjasin** (24 November 1929 – 24 January 2021) was a Swedish politician and trade unionist. He was chairman of the Municipal Workers' Union from 1977 to 1988. He also was the Governor of Örebro County from 1989 to 1994.

Marjasin died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden on 24 January 2021, aged 91.
Abdullahi Ibrahim

**Abdullahi Ibrahim** (14 January 1939 - 24 January 2021) was a Nigerian lawyer, politician and administrator. He was Federal Minister of Justice from 1997 to 1999. He was the agent and later co-agent in the dispute between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the Republic of Cameroon at the International Court of Justice at The Hague.

Ibrahim died on 24 January 2021 of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.
Nikolai Severtzov

**Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov** (5 November 1827 –  8 February 1885) was a Russian explorer and naturalist. Severtzov studied at Moscow University. At the age of eighteen he met G.S. Karelin and took an interest in central Asia. In 1857 he joined a mission to Syr-Darya.
Jóhannes Eðvaldsson

**Jóhannes Eðvaldsson** (3 September 1950 – 24 January 2021) was an Icelandic international football player. He won the Scottish league championship twice with Celtic F.C. and the Scottish Cup once.

Eðvaldsson died on 24 January 2021, aged 70.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jóhannes Eðvaldsson
- **fullname**: Jóhannes Eðvaldsson
- **birth place**: Reykjavík, Iceland
- **position**: Defender (association football), Centre-back
- **years1**: 1968–1971
- **years2**: 1972
- **years3**: 1972–1974
- **years4**: 1974
- **years5**: 1975
- **years6**: 1975–1980
- **years7**: 1980–1981
- **years8**: 1981–1982
- **years9**: 1982–1984
- **years10**: 1984–1985
- **clubs1**: Valur
- **clubs2**: Cape Town City F.C. (NFL), Cape Town City
- **clubs3**: Valur
- **clubs4**: FC Metz
- **clubs5**: Holbæk B&I
- **clubs6**: Celtic F.C., Celtic
- **clubs7**: Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–84), Tulsa Roughnecks
- **clubs8**: Hannover 96
- **clubs9**: Motherwell F.C., Motherwell
- **clubs10**: Knattspyrnufélagið Þróttur, Þróttur
- **caps1**: 50
- **caps2**: 10
- **caps3**: 42
- **caps4**: 0
- **caps5**: 12
- **caps6**: 127
- **caps7**: 68
- **caps8**: 21
- **caps9**: 55
- **caps10**: 33
- **goals1**: 15
- **goals2**: 2
- **goals3**: 13
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 2
- **goals6**: 24
- **goals7**: 17
- **goals8**: 1
- **goals9**: 6
- **goals10**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1971–1983
- **nationalteam1**: Iceland national football team, Iceland
- **nationalcaps1**: 34
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
California's 42nd congressional district

**California's 42nd congressional district** is a congressional district from the state of California. The district is represented by Republican Ken Calvert. The district is in Riverside County in the Inland Empire, as has the cities of Eastvale, Norco, Corona, Lake Elsinore, Menifee, Wildomar, Murrieta, as well as parts of Temecula.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: California
- **district number**: 42
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **population**: 723,841
- **population year**: 2022
- **median income**: $73,006
- **percent white**: 43.8
- **percent hispanic**: 37.5
- **percent black**: 5.4
- **percent asian**: 9.1
- **percent more than one race**: 3.4
- **percent other race**: 0.8
- **cpvi**: D+22
Peter Thorburn

**Peter Robert Tyler Thorburn**  (19 March 1939 – 26 January 2021) was a New Zealand rugby union player and coach. He was born in Auckland. He played as a flanker. He played for Auckland until 1985. He coached North Harbour in New Zealand from 1985 to 1991. He later coached Bristol (2001–03) and later the United States national team (2006–07).

Thorburn in Takapuna on 26 January 2021. He was 81.
Thomas Sandgaard

**Thomas Sandgaard** (born 1958, Denmark) is a Danish-American entrepreneur, inventor, and rock music guitarist. He founded Zynex Inc. He owns the Charlton Athletic Football Club (CAFC).

## Early life

Sandgaard was born and raised in Denmark. He won the inventor’s competition when he was 12 years old as he created an ‘early version of an electronic keyboard.’ He also built a recording studio.

## Career

Sandgaard started a business to send facsimiles via personal computers when he moved to the United States. The business failed due to a lack of funding. He then started a repairing and manufacturing business for medical devices and began selling his devices in Canada and the United States. In 1996, he founded Zynex Inc., and in 1998 his company’s first product acquired Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.

Sandgaard also founded Sandgaard Capital, a private family office and investment firm, and Sandgaard Foundation. He also owns Clear Ocean Capital Limited. He bought Charlton Athletic Football Club from East Street Investments in September 2020 and acquired approval from the EFL to run the club.

Sandgaard is also the lead guitarist of a rock band, the Guardian Angel.

As of September 2020, he has a net worth of £400 million.

## Controversy

An ex-employee of Sandgaard’s company, Ronette Perkins, filed a civil discrimination lawsuit in 2017 on the grounds of racial discrimination. The case was resolved after a settlement was reached between Perkins and Sandgaard.

## Personal life

Sandgaard is a resident of Denver, Colorado.
Fujifilm

**Fujifilm Holdings Corporation** or **Fujifilm** is a Japanese company that makes cameras, video and photo film, medical equipment and biotechnology. The company also produces medical equipment, consumables for the film industry, computers (CD-R, DVD-R, etc.) and other goods. Fujifilm was in the list of the 100 most innovative world companies in 2013 according to Thomson Reuters.

Fujifilm is the world's largest manufacturer of photographic products with laboratories, factories, and offices in Asia, Europe and North America.

The president of the company is Shigetaka Kamori. The main office of the company is in Minato (Tokyo, Japan).

## History

The company started operating in 1934. Their first product was the professional 35 mm film. Two years later, in 1936, amateur film was added. In 1939, the organization established the Ashigara Research Lab. Research there helped Fuji to make their first color film in 1948.

In the mid-1950s, the company entered the magnetic media market. In 1954 Fuji created a laboratory for the research of magnetic technologies and in 1960 began making magnetic tapes. In 1963, the range was expanded with a two-inch videotape.

Fuji had a monopoly on camera film in Japan. It became one of the main sponsors of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.

On January 31, 2018, Fujifilm announced that it would buy 50.1% of Xerox for US$6.1 billion but the plan was stopped. In late 2019, Fujifilm announced its takeover of Xerox's 25% part in Fuji Xerox.

In late 2019, Fujifilm bought Hitachi's diagnostic business for US$1.63 billion.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Fujifilm Holdings Corporation
- **logo**: Fujifilm logo.svg
- **logo caption**: The Fujifilm logo used since 2006
- **image size**: 250px
- **native name lang**: ja
- **founder**: Daicel Corporation
- **location**: Midtown West, Tokyo Midtown
Akasaka, Tokyo, Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **num employees**: 73,906 (2019)
High-definition map

A **high-definition map** (**HD map**) is a highly accurate map made for self-driving cars. They have things not present on traditional maps. HD maps are accurate at a centimetre level.

HD maps are made using different sensors. These sensors include LiDARs, radars, digital cameras and GPS. HD maps can also be made using aerial imagery.

High-definition maps can include things like road shape, road marking, traffic signs and barriers.
Nataliya Resh

**Nataliya Resh** (; 27 September 1980, Nezhin, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian lawyer, television presenter, entrepreneur and philanthropist. She is the founder of the _Open Culture Foundation_.

## Early life

Nataliya Resh was born in Nezhin, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine.

In 1999, she entered the 3rd year of the Financial University in Rostov-on-Don, specializing in “Financier”. In 2002—2005, she received her 2nd higher education in Moscow, at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN). She graduated with a red diploma in civil law.

In 2007, Nataliya entered the Moscow State Art and Culture University, in “Faculty of General Arts Branding and Psychology”. She graduated with a red diploma, having received the specialization “Image-maker-Psychologist”.

In 2008, Nataliya Resh completed an intensive course at the Institute for Continuing Education for Media Broadcasting in Moscow. She qualified as a “TV and radio host”.

## Foundation

In 2014, the _Open Culture Foundation_ was founded and registered in the United Kingdom by Nataliya Resh. The foundation's positioning is based on the idea of supporting and popularizing projects in the field of culture and art. Art also highlights the world's current issues, including environmental protection. Nataliya Resh takes an active position in helping the environment and promoting ecophilosophy in her projects and everyday tasks.

The _Open Culture Foundation_ participated in the preparation of a major exhibition of Young British Artists in the framework of cultural exchange between the United Kingdom and Russia, he was a Member of the Board of the Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art, he was a Member of Council at the Institute of Contemporary Art, and provided general support for the draft International film festival for people with peculiarities of mental and motor vehicles.

In September 2014, he participated in the International Film Festival on Disabilities, Cannes.

In 2015—present, the foundation works with the Better World Forum.

In September 2019, he held events at the climate change summit in New York. In September 2020, he was a partner at a charity event at the Venice Film Festival and Better World Forum.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nataliya Resh
- **birth name**: Nataliya Vladimirovna Resh
- **birth place**: :en:Nezhin, Nezhin, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR
- **occupation**: lawyer, television presenter, entrepreneur
Revolving door

A **revolving door** is a way to enter or exit  a building.  In a revolving door, several panels are fixed on a central axis. The panel can then be rotated to enter or exit the building. Buildings are usually fitted with revolving doors to save energy: Revolving doors can be made to hinder airflow. This means that less heat is lost. The first to develop revolving doors was  H. Bockhacker. In 1881, he registered a patent in Germany for a "door without airflow". Theophilus Van Kannel registered a patent for what he called "storm door", in 1888.

Revolving doors also have problems: Once they start spinning, they force the people to keep a certain walking speed. People who cannot keep up the walking speed may fall and hurt themselves. People in a wheelchair cannot use revolving doors. The same probably applies to blind people. Revolving doors cannot be used in an emergency: They cannot be passed at a fast speed. For all these reasons, many countries have rules that buildings must also have other doors. In hotels and public buildings, is usual to find "push" doors either side of a revolving door.

## Turnstiles

Turnstile exit-only doors are often used at large sports stadia (stadiums), theme parks, and other such venues. They let people exit freely, but stop entry without payment. These doors usually work mechanically, with the door panels constructed of horizontal bars which pass through a "wall" of interlacing (interdigitated) bars. This blocks people from entering illegally through the exit.
National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The "**National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran**" (; ) is the national anthem of Iran. It preceded the anthem during Khomeini times called “Payandeh Bada Iran”.

### Persian lyrics

|Persian original|Romanization of Persian|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.56em;"></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **transcription**: _Sorude Melliye Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân_
- **english title**: National Anthem
- **image**: National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran(SHEET MUSIC).gif
- **caption**: Sheet music
- **prefix**: National
- **country**: the
- **author**: Sayed Bagheri
- **lyrics date**: 1989
- **composer**: Hassan Riyahi
- **music date**: 1988
- **predecessor**: "Payandeh Bada Iran, Pâyande Bâdâ Irân"
- **adopted**: 1990
- **sound**: Sorud-e Mellí-e Yomhurí-e Eslamí-e Irán (instrumental).oga
- **sound title**: National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran