juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bicep curl

A number of similar exercises are called "**bicep curls**". These are designed to use the muscles on the top of the arm.

Most of the time a person is seated or standing and a weight is held in the hand. The elbow is then bent to make the hand come to the shoulder.

The different kinds of bicep curls mostly change the way the wrist is positioned.

Bicep curls can be done using a resistance band or a pair of dumbbells. Stand with your feet hip-width apart, hold the resistance band or dumbbells with your palms facing forward, and then curl your arms up towards your shoulders.
Pull up (exercise)

A **pull-up** is a kind of exercise that uses the weight of the body (body weight) to make a person stronger. To do this exercise one holds something that is high above the head with both hands so their body is hanging free under it. Bend your knees like your shins are parallel to the ground, it makes easier to do. Then one pulls oneself up and stops when the chin is above the hands. This mostly helps the back muscles but also uses the muscles on top of the arms (biceps) and stomach (abdominals). It is an exercise that does not need any special equipment except something high that a person can hold on to.

Many different ways to position the wrist and hands are used. Some say these are all different exercises, but they are all similar. Some kinds of pull-ups use weights on a belt to make the exercise harder.

Many who use bad form on this exercise will kick with their legs or jump and jerk with the legs to help the motion. Good form is holding the low parts of the body still and only using the arms to pull the body up.
Palaestra at Olympia

The **palaestra** at Olympia, Greece is an ancient structure, now in ruins. There were many palaestra throughout Greece. A palaestra was the place where Greek athletes trained for and practiced wrestling, the pankration, and sometimes boxing. The palaestra at Olympia was built sometime in the third century BC.

It is north of the gymnasion. It is square. Its sides are each about 66 meters long. Its door is in the northwest corner. The lower part of the outer walls were made of stone and the upper part of brick. Inside was a sand-covered yard open to the sky. This yard was surrounded on all four sides with colonnades of Doric columns. In bad weather, the athletes practiced under these colonnades.

Off these colonnades were rooms where the athletes dressed and undressed, rubbed themselves with olive oil, dusted themselves with powder or sand, and met friends.  There was a tub (1.5 meters deep) in the corner of the yard that was used for cold baths.  There were rooms for the storage of oil and equipment.

In 195556, the German Archaeological Institute partly restored the palaestra. Complete restoration is not possible because many of the columns have been completely destroyed.
Vanessa Proux

**Vanessa Proux** (31 May 1974) is a French biologist and the current head of Sup'Biotech.

Holder of a Master's degree in biochemistry (1997) and one more in microbiology, Vanessa Proux graduates from University of Technology of Compiègne in October 2001 (Doctorate in microbiology). During 4 years, she is teacher and researcher.

Since February 2004, she is head of the Sup'Biotech.

## Bibliography

- _Biotechnologies. Les promesses du vivant._, Villejuif, FYP Éditions, 2015, 256 p. ()
- _Planète biotech - 2030 : la vie avec les biotechnologies_, Villejuif, FYP Éditions, 2023, 254 p. ()

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vanessa Proux
- **birth date**: May 31, 1974
- **nationality**: France, French
- **known for**: Head of Sup'Biotech
- **education**: Doctorate in microbiology
- **alma mater**: University of Technology of Compiègne
- **employer**: IONIS Education Group
- **occupation**: President of Sup'Biotech
- **years active**: Since 2004
- **website**: https://www.supbiotech.fr/ecole-ingenieurs-biotechnologies/equipe/
2012–13 Bundesliga

The **2012–13 Bundesliga** is the 50th season of the Fußball-Bundesliga, Germany's top football league. The season started on August 24, 2012 and ended on May 18, 2012. The defending champions were Borussia Dortmund. The champion was decided before the tournament ended. FC Bayern Munich won the tournament, with 91 points (a 25-point lead).

## League table

Below is the table for the 2012–13 Fußball-Bundesliga season. Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund and Bayer 04 Leverkusen directly qualified for the UEFA Champions League, while Fortuna Düsseldorf and SpVgg Greuther Fürth were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga.

|width="30"||width="210"|Team|width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left align=center|1|Bayern Munich|34|29|4|1|98|18|+80|**91**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|2|Borussia Dortmund|34|19|9|6|81|42|+39|**66**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|3|Bayer 04 Leverkusen|34|19|8|7|65|39|+26|**65**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|4|Schalke 04|34|16|7|11|58|50|+8|**55**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|5|SC Freiburg|34|14|9|11|45|40|+5|**51**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|6|Eintracht Frankfurt|34|14|9|11|49|46|+3|**51**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|7|Hamburger SV|34|14|6|14|42|53|−11|**48**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|8|Borussia Mönchengladbach|34|12|11|11|45|49|−4|**47**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|9|Hannover 96|34|13|6|15|60|62|−2|**45**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|10|1. FC Nuremberg|34|11|11|12|39|47|–8|**44**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|11|VfL Wolfsburg|34|10|13|11|47|52|–5|**43**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|12|VfB Stuttgart|34|12|7|15|37|55|–18|**43**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|13|1. FSV Mainz 05|34|10|12|12|42|44|–2|**42**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|14|Werder Bremen|34|8|10|16|50|66|–16|**34**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|15|FC Augsburg|34|8|9|17|33|51|–18|**33**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|16|TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|34|8|7|19|42|67|–25|**31**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|17|Fortuna Düsseldorf|34|7|9|18|39|57|–18|**30**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|18|SpVgg Greuther Fürth|34|4|9|21|26|60|–34|**21**||||||||||

## Related pages

- German Bundesliga

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **country**: Germany
- **champion other**: FC Bayern Munich
- **count**: 22
- **second other**: Borussia Dortmund
- **third other**: Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Leverkusen
- **fourth other**: FC Schalke 04, Schalke 04
- **matches**: 306
- **goals**: 898
- **top scorer**: Stefan Kießling (25 goals)
- **prevseason**: 2011–12 Fußball-Bundesliga, 2011-12
- **nextseason**: 2013–14 Fußball-Bundesliga, 2013-14
Cyclone Jal

**Cyclone Jal** was a severe cyclonic storm that formed in the South China Sea on October 31, 2010. It then hit Thailand and Malaysia. It then went on to hit India. The storm hit the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and parts of Kerala. Some of its moisture traveled to the states Rajasthan and Gujarat.

There were 118 deaths caused by the cyclone. Thousands were displaced.
Hurricane Bud (2012)

**Hurricane Bud** was the first hurricane of the 2012 Pacific hurricane season. It was formed on May 21, 2012, and died on May 26, 2012. It started near Western Mexico. It made landfall there, where it uprooted trees and washed away roads. It approached Baja California but did not damage it. It is unknown how many deaths it caused.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Bud
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2012
- **basin**: EPac
- **image location**: Bud May 24 2012 1815Z.png
- **image name**: Hurricane Bud on May 24, 2012
- **formed**: May 21, 2012
- **dissipated**: May 26, 2012
- **1-min winds**: 100
- **pressure**: 960
- **areas**: Western Mexico
- **hurricane season**: 2012 Pacific hurricane season
Hurricane Bud

**Hurricane Bud** might refer to:

- Hurricane Bud (2006)
- Hurricane Bud (2012)
- Hurricane Bud (2018)
Great Train Robbery (1963)

The **Great Train Robbery** was a £2.6 million train robbery that took place on 8 August 1963 at Bridego Railway Bridge, Ledburn, Buckinghamshire. The gang was led by Bruce Reynolds (1931–2013). Other members of the gang included Buster Edwards (1931–1994), Brian Field (1934–1979), Charlie Wilson (1932–1990), Ronnie Biggs (1929–2013), and Gordon Goody (1930–2016).
Securitas depot robbery

The **Securitas depot robbery** was the largest cash robbery in British history. It took place on 21-22 February 2006. Several men kidnapped and threatened the family of the manager, tied up 14 staff members and stole over £53 million in banknotes from a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent, England.
Syndrome

In psychology and medicine, a **syndrome** is when there are multiple symptoms. These symptoms may be related. In some cases the way in which they are related is known, in other cases it is not.  When both the relationship of symptoms and their causes are known, people generally talk about a disease.

Symptoms that occur together in similar contexts are often related, or have a common cause. Some syndromes, such as Down syndrome have only one cause. In the case of Down syndrome, the cause is known. Other syndromes, such as Pakinsonian syndrome may have many causes, and finding the exact cause may be difficult.
Larry Clark

**Lawrence "Larry" Clark** (born January 19, 1943) is an American movie director and producer. He has directed several controversial movies. These include _Kids_, _Ken Park_ and _Bully_ (2001). The first was marked under an NC-17 rating. This caused Miramax (owned by Disney at the time) to sell it to someone else for its distribution. In addition, _Ken Park_ was more explicit and violent: Australia would not allow this movie to be shown publicly, distributed or sold due to its explicit content.

Clark was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  He often does his works based on the life of teenagers and young adults who involve themselves with illegal drugs and certain types of crime.
Carl Eugene Watts

**Carl Eugene Watts** (November 7, 1953 - September 21, 2007) was an American criminal. He was a thief, burglar, stalker, kidnapper, torturer and serial killer.

Watts was born in Killeen, Texas. During his childhood his parents separated and divorced; he moved with his mother to Inkster, Michigan, she married another man. Watts was the eldest of ten children. Both Watts' marriages ended in divorce. He had one child.

Watts was an African-American; the large majority of his victims were white. He was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and depression. He was of well below-average intelligence and was a disorganized thrill killer. He committed his crimes in Texas and Michigan. His methods of killing included strangulation, stabbing, bludgeoning and drowning. He was apprehended in Houston, Texas on May 23, 1982. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and was not released. He died of prostate cancer in hospital in Jackson, Michigan.
Parkinsonian syndrome

**Parkinsonian syndrome** (also known as **Parkinsonism**, **atypical Parkinson's** or **secondary Parkinson's**) is a neurological syndrome characterized by  tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. There are many conditions that lead to Parkinsonism, and diagnosis can be difficult. While the neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of parkinsonism, a wide range of other causes may lead to a similar set of symptoms, including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases, and a handful of neurological conditions unrelated to Parkinson's disease.
Its most common cause is as a side effect of medications, mainly neuroleptic antipsychotics especially the phenothiazines (such as perphenazine and chlorpromazine), thioxanthenes (such as flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol) and butyrophenones (such as haloperidol (Haldol)), piperazines (such as ziprasidone), and, rarely, antidepressants.
Sibley-Monroe checklist 1

The **Sibley-Monroe checklist** was a landmark document in the study of birds conducted by Charles Sibley and Burt Monroe during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. It drew on extensive DNA-DNA hybridisation studies to reassess the relationships between modern birds.

There are  species on the checklist.
Anthony Minghella

**Anthony Minghella** (6 January 1954 – 18 March 2008) was a British movie director, producer and screenwriter of Italian ancestry. He was born in Ryde, Isle of Wight. His brother is screenwriter Dominic Minghella (born 1967).

Minghella wrote and directed _Truly, Madly, Deeply_; he won a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay. He wrote and directed _The English Patient_; he won a BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and an Academy Award for Best Director. He wrote and directed _The Talented Mr. Ripley_ and _Cold Mountain_.

Minghella had cancer of the tonsils and the neck. He died of a cerebral haemorrhage and from cancer complications in Charing Cross Hospital, west London, the week after an operation to remove the cancer. He had a son, actor Max (born 1985) and a daughter, Hannah.
United States Board on Geographic Names

The **United States Board on Geographic Names** (BGN) is a United States federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the government of the United States.

The Board's purpose is to standardize -- not regulate -- US and foreign geographic names, including the names of geographical features underseas and in Antarctica.

## History

The Board was created in 1890 by executive order of President Benjamin Harrison. The Board was given authority to resolve questions about geographic names.

In 1947, the Board was recreated by Congress in Public Law 80-242.

The Geographic Names Information System includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps which confirm the feature or place name are cited. Variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded.

Processes for standardizing non-US geographic names, Antarctic names and undersea features were developed.

## Related pages

- Geographic Names Information System
- Permanent Committee on Geographical Names
- Geographical Names Board of Canada

## Other websites

- US Board on Geographic Names website
- Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) website
Permanent Committee on Geographical Names

The **Permanent Committee on Geographical Names** (PCGN) is an independent government agency in the United Kingdom. Its function is to establish standard names for places outside the UK, but not including Antarctica.  The decisions about names are for the use of the  British government.

## History

Permanent Committee on Geographical Names was established in 1919.

Over the years, the representative members have grown to include
- British Broadcasting Corporation
- Defence Intelligence Staff
- Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- Government Communications Headquarters
- Hydrographic Office
- Ordnance Survey
- Royal Geographical Society
- Royal Scottish Geographical Society

## Related pages

- United States Board on Geographic Names

## Other websites

- PCGN website
Kikuō Hayashiya

is a member of Shōten. His real name is , although he is most widely known by his previous comedian name **Kikuzou Hayashiya** (林家木久蔵), of which he was the first. The new Hayashiya Kikuzou is his son: ex-Kikuo.
On Shōten, he always wears a yellow kimono. He is known for making commonplace jokes and usually "plays the fool." He is a mood maker.

## Kikuzō Ramen

Kikuou is also famous for his side job, a chain of noodle shops named after him called "Kikuzō Ramen." (Kikuzō is his old name). On Shōten, he often advertises Kikuzō Ramen, but other members joke about it being very flavorless. Kikuzō Ramen is famous for its lack of flavor.

## Other websites

- Kikuou's HP
- Kikuzo Hayashiya at IMDb

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kikuou Hayashiya
- **birth place**: Tokyo Metropolis
- **other names**: Hiroshi Toyota
- **years active**: 1960-


## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **channel url**: UCe2bWmYYPwDpagqOZAybalg
- **years active**: 2019 -
- **subscribers**: 61.5K
- **views**: 1,969,147
FIFA Confederations Cup

The **FIFA Confederations Cup** (formally known as the **King Fahd Cup**) was an Association football tournament for national teams held by FIFA. It was played with the winner of the FIFA confederation championships (UEFA, CONMEBOL, CONCACAF, CAF, AFC, OFC), as well as the FIFA World Cup holder and the host. The number of teams was eight. The tournament was regarded as an early step on the way to the FIFA World Cup.

## Winners

|Team|Winners|Runners-up|Third Place|Fourth Place|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|bgcolor=#FFF68F||bgcolor=#FFF68F|**4** (1997, 2005, 2009, 2013)|**1** (1999)|–|**1**         (2001)|
|bgcolor=#FFF68F||bgcolor=#FFF68F|**2** (2001, 2003)|–|–|–|
|bgcolor=#FFF68F||bgcolor=#FFF68F|**1** (1992)|**2** (1995, 2005)|–|–|
|bgcolor=#FFF68F||bgcolor=#FFF68F|**1** (1995)|–|–|–|
|bgcolor="#FFF68F"||bgcolor="#FFF68F"|**1** (1999)|–|**1** 1995|**2**         (2005, 2017)|
|bgcolor="#FFF68F"||bgcolor="#FFF68F"|**1** (2017)|–|**1** 2005|–|
||–|**1** (2009)|**2** 1992, 1999|–|||
||–|**1** (2013)|**1** 2009|–|||
||–|**1** (1997)|**1** 2001|–|||
||–|**1** (1992)|–|**1**         (1999)|||
||–|**1** (2017)|–|–|||
||–|**1** (2003)|–|–|||
|Japan|–|**1** (2001)|–|–|||
||–|–|**1** 2017|–|||
|Italy|–|–|**1** 2013|–|||
|Czech Republic|–|–|**1** 1997|–|||
|Turkey|–|–|**1** 2003|–|||
|Uruguay|–|–|–|**2**         (1997, 2013)|||
|South Africa|–|–|–|**1**         (2009)|||
|Colombia|–|–|–|**1**         (2003)|||
|Nigeria|–|–|–|**1**         (1995)|||
|Côte d'Ivoire|–|–|–|**1**         (1992)|||

- hosts

## Infobox (football tournament)

- **name**: FIFA Confederations Cup
- **organiser**: FIFA
- **founded**: 1992
- **region**: International
- **number of teams**: 8
- **current champions**: (1st title)
- **most successful club**: (4 titles)
- **website**: [https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/index.html Official website]
Guard

**Guard** or **guards** may refer to:

- Bodyguard, someone who protects another person from assault
- Lifeguard, someone who rescues people from drowning
- Prison guard, someone who supervises prisoners in a prison or jail
- Security guard, someone who protects property
- Police in medieval contexts
- Coast guard, responsible for defence of a coastline
- Point guard, a position in basketball
- Offensive guard, a position in American and Canadian football
- Guard dog, a dog that watches for unwanted or unexpected visitors
Azuchi–Momoyama period

**Azuchi-Momoyama period** (), also known as the **Momoyama period** (), is the time from approximately 1573 to 1606 in history of Japan.

This period is called Azuchi-Momoyama because there were two great centers of power during this time.  One was Oda Nobunaga's castle at Azuchi near Lake Biwa.  The other was Toyotomi Hideyoshi's castle at Momoyama near Kyoto.

## Timeline

- **1568** (_Eiroku 11_): Nobunaga entered Kyoto
- **1573** (_Genki 4_): Oda Nobunaga causes the Ashikaga Yoshiaki to flee Kyoto; the Ashikaga shogunate is ended
- **1576** (_Tenshō 3, 5th month_): Battle of Nagashino.
- **1582** (_Tenshō 10_): Nobunaga was assassinated by Akechi Mitsuhide
- **1583** (_Tenshō 12, 4th month_): Battle of Komaki and Nagakute.
- **1592** (_Bunroku 1_): Hideyoshi invaded Korea., This event was known as _Bunroku-Keichō no Eki_ and it was also known as the Imjin War.
- **September 18, 1598** (_Keichō 3, 18th day of the 8th month_): Hideyoshi died at the age of 63.
- **October 21, 1600** (_Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month_): Battle of Sekigahara,
- **1603** (_Keichō 8_): Tokugawa Ieyasu was named Shogun.
- **1614**  (_ Keichō 19_):  Battle of Osaka (_Osaka Fuyu no Jin_)
- **1615**  (_ Keichō 20_):  Battle of Osaka (_Osaka Natsu no Jin_)

## Culture

The times when Toyotomi grasped the government are called , and the culture that prospered mainly on this time is called .

A new merchant class grew in cities at this time. Consumption and luxurious culture had increased among the wealthy.

Trade with the West was influential Francisco Xavier visited Japan.
Mount Tate

**Mount Tate** is a mountain in the Mt. Tate range of the northern Hida Mountains (the north Alps). It is in the southeastern area of Toyama Prefecture.  It is a general term for three peaks, Mt.O (altitude 3,003 m), Mt. Onanji (altitude 3,015 m), and Fujinooritate (altitude 2,999 m).

It is one of the mountains of Chūbu-Sangaku National Park with the dominant peak of the Tateyama mountain range.  The Park was made on December 4, 1934.

It ranks with Mt. Tsurugi. They are some of the few mountains which have an existing glacier in Japan.
Kanazawa

is a Japanese city in Ishikawa Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It is the capital city of the prefecture.

It has been recognized as a core city since 1996.

## History

During the Edo period, Kanazawa was the center of the Maeda clan.

Kanazawa has a big Japanese garden called Kenroku-en. Kenroku-en was made as a garden of the Kanazawa castle at the Edo period.  It is regarded as one of the most famous gardens in Japan.

## Geography

Kanazawa is on the western coast of Honshu.  It faces the Sea of Japan.

## Other websites

- Kanazawa city homepage

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Kanazawa
- **japanesename**: 金沢
- **official name**: 金沢市 · Kanazawa
- **settlement type**: Core city
- **imageskyline**: Kanazawa montage.jpg
- **imagecaption**: From top left: Gate of Kanazawa Castle, Kenroku-en, Ōmichō Market, Higashi Geisha District, Kanazawa seen from Mt. Kigo, Oyama Shrine
- **mapimage**: Kanazawa in Ishikawa Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Chūbu region, Chūbu
- **prefecture**: Ishikawa Prefecture, Ishikawa
- **area km2**: 467.77
- **popdate**: 2010
- **population**: 462,478
- **density km2**: 988.69
- **tree**: Ume
- **image flag**: Flag of Kanazawa, Ishikawa.svg
- **symbolimage**: Emblem of Kanazawa, Ishikawa.svg
- **symboldescription**: Emblem
- **mayor**: Yukiyoshi Yamano (since December 2010)
Tackle

**Tackle** may refer to:

- In football:
    - Tackle (football move), a play in various forms of football
    - Tackle (American football), a position in American football and Canadian football
    - Dump tackle, move in rugby
- Block and tackle, a system of two or more pulleys usually used to lift or pull heavy loads
- Fishing tackle, the gear or equipment used when fishing
Shangluo

**Shangluo Municipality** (, pinyin: Shāngluò Shì, formerly known as "商雒"), is a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China. It is in the southeast part of Shannxi. Shangluo covers . As of November 2010, 2,341,742 people lived here. The place is based on farming, forestry, Chinese herbology and gold mining.

## Political divisions

Shangluo is divided into 7 municipalities:

1. Shangzhou District (商州区)
1. Luonan County (洛南县)
1. Danfeng County (丹凤县)
1. Shangnan County (商南县)
1. Shanyang County (山阳县)
1. Zhen'an County (镇安县)
1. Zhashui County (柞水县)
Directorate General for Civil Aviation (France)

The **Directorate General for Civil Aviation** (, **DGAC**) is the French civil aviation authority. It is located in Paris.

In 2013, DGAC starts with the ENAC the consulting company France Aviation Civile Services.

## Related pages

- Ingénieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile
- Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile

## Further reading

- Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile
Pope Alexander VI

**Pope Alexander VI** (; 1431–1503), born **Rodrigo Lanzol y Borja**, was an Spanish cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 215th Pope from 1492 to 1503.

## Early life

In 1431, Lanzol y Borja born in Xàtiva, which is near Valencia in Spain.  His father was Jofre Lançol.  His mother was Isabella Borgia, who was a sister of Cardinal Alfonso Borgia, who later became Pope Callixtus III.

He was adopted into the immediate family of Pope Callixtus; and was known afterwards as Rodrigo Borgia.

## Cardinal

In 1456, he was made Cardinal.

## Pope

Cardinal Borgia was elected pope on August 11, 1492; and he took the name of Alexander VI.

Pope Alexander is known for writing _Inter Caetera_ in 1493.  In this papal decree, Alexander decided that some parts of South America would be Spanish or and some parts would be Portuguese.

## Related pages

- List of popes
- List of popes from the Borgia family

## Other websites

- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Borja y Borja, Rodrigo de
- _The Borgias_ at IMDb

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: pope
- **name**: Alexander VI
- **image**: Pope Alexander Vi.jpg
- **birth name**: Roderic Llançol i de Borja
- **birth place**: Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia
- **death place**: Rome
- **term start**: 11 August 1492
- **term end**: 18 August 1503
- **predecessor**: Pope Innocent VIII, Innocent VIII
- **successor**: Pope Pius III, Pius III
- **other**: Alexander
Exotic pet

A **exotic pet** is a rare or unusual animal which is kept as a pet. It is kept in human households but is relatively unusual or usually thought of as a wild animal rather than as a pet.

"Exotic" often refers to a species which is not native (indigenous) to where the owner lives, or an animal that isn't typically kept as a pet (unlike cats or dogs).  "Pet" is a companion animal living with people.

## Some animals kept as exotic pets

A wide variety of animals have been kept as pets. Below is a list of some animals that are kept in captivity at home and are thought to be "exotic". Where examples are provided within a category, the examples are the animals that are _relatively commonly_ kept as pets in captivity at home within that category (although mice and parakeets may not really be considered very "exotic").

- Arachnids (e.g., tarantulas, scorpions, and vinegaroons)
- Aquatic Creatures (e.g., Jelly fish, and Seahorses)
- Frogs and toads (e.g., African bullfrogs, Argentine horned frogs, and fire-bellied toads)
- Genets
- Hedgehogs
- Insects (e.g., crickets, stick insects, Hercules beetles, Madagascar hissing cockroaches, and praying mantises)
- Lagomorphs (e.g. rabbits and hares)
- Lizards
- Marsupials (e.g., wallabies, wallaroos, koalas, wombats and possums such as sugar gliders)
- Myriapods (e.g., millipedes)
- Non-domesticated and hybrid canids (e.g., wolf-dog hybrids, fennec foxes, domesticated red foxes,  and raccoon dogs)
- Non-domesticated and hybrid cats (e.g., Asian leopard cats, Bengal cats, caracals, chausies, savannah cats)

- Parrots (e.g., African grays, Amazon parrots, caiques, cockatiels, cockatoos, conures, eclectus parrots, lories, lorikeets, lovebirds, macaws, parakeets, and parrotlets)
- Pigeons
- Primates (e.g. galagos (bush babies) and monkeys such as squirrel monkeys and capuchins as pictured above)
- Procyonids (e.g. raccoons, kinkajous and coatimundis)
- Raptors (e.g., falcons and hawks)
- Rodents (e.g., capybaras, chinchillas, fancy rats, gerbils, dormice, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, Patagonian cavies, and squirrels)
- Salamanders (e.g., axolotls and tiger salamanders)
- Sharks and other fishes
- Skunks
- Snakes (e.g., ball pythons, boa constrictors, king snakes, rat snakes)
- Tortoises and other turtles (e.g., Greek tortoises, Hermann's tortoises, Russian tortoises, painted turtles, and red-eared sliders)
Abe's salamander

The **Abe's salamander** (_Hynobius abei_) is a species of salamander. They are in the Hynobiidae family. They live in Japan. They live in forests, freshwater marshes, and freshwater springs. Their population is declining because of habitat loss. The IUCN lists the species as critically endangered.
Yanta District

**Yanta District** (, Pinyin: Yàntǎ Qū, meaning "Wild Goose Tower District") is a district of southern Xi'an. Its area is 151.44km<sup>2</sup>, and it had a population of 1,178,529 in November 2010. Its name comes from Big Wild Goose Tower, a tower that was built in 652 AD. The district is famous for its culture, is a tourist stop, and has many universites.

## History

In September 1954, Yanta District was started. It was a merger of Xi'an No.9 District, part of Chang'an County, part of Weiqu District, and other places.

In May 1960, some parts of Xincheng District, Lianhu District, and Beilin District were merged to form Yanta District. That was revoked in April 1962.

In September 1965, Yanta District was changed to a Xi'an suburb, together with Weiyang District, the original Epang District, and some other areas. That was revoked in February 1980.

## Political divisions

Yanta District is divided into eight subdistricts:

- Xiaozhailu Subdistrict
- Dayanta Subdistrict
- Changyanpu Subdistrict
- Dianzicheng Subdistrict
- Dengjiapo Subdistrict
- Yuhuazhai Subdistrict
- Zhangbagou Subdistrict
- Qujiang Subdistrict
Leslie Nielsen

**Leslie Nielsen** (February 11, 1926 – November 28, 2010) was a Canadian actor and comedian. His television roles include _Forbidden Planet_ and _Police Squad!_, playing Frank Drebin. His movie roles include _Airplane!_ and _The Naked Gun_ trilogy: _The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!_, _The Naked Gun 2 1/2: The Smell of Fear_ and _Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult_.

Nielsen was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. He died of pneumonia in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **allegiance**: Canada
- **branch**:  RCAF
- **serviceyears**: 1940-1945
- **rank**: Lieutenant


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leslie Nielsen
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Canada, OC
- **image**: Leslie Nielsen.jpg
- **caption**: Nielsen in 1982
- **birth name**: Leslie William Nielsen
- **birth place**: Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- **death place**: Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.
- **resting place**: Evergreen Cemetery, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **alma mater**: Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre
- **years active**: 1950–2010
- **children**: 2
- **signature**: Leslie Nielsen Signature.svg
Forbidden Planet

***Forbidden Planet*** is a 1956 American science fiction movie set in the 23rd century. It was written by Cyril Hume, directed by Fred M. Wilcox and produced by Nicholas Nayfack. It stars Walter Pidgeon, Anne Francis and Leslie Nielsen. The storyline is an obvious take of Shakespeare's _The Tempest_.
Flux (software)

**Flux** was a software program that could create and display 3D images. Flux existed as a plug-in for web browsers like Internet Explorer and as an installable computer program.

## Weblinks

- Flux - Official site*
- Flux - History
- Flux - Alternatives
- NEW! Flux Studio 2.0 - Availability
- MediaMachines Open Sources FluxPlayer for X3D  - Importance
Leatherback sea turtle

The **leatherback sea turtle** is the largest of all living sea turtles.  It is the fourth largest modern reptile behind three crocodilians.

Adults average  in shell length,  in total length and weigh . The largest ever found was over  from head to tail and weighed . It was found on a beach on the west coast of Wales.

The eggs and young are often eaten by predators, but the adults can defend themselves aggressively. Only the largest sea predators can tackle a leatherback successfully.

Leatherback turtles are one of the deepest diving marine animals. They have been recorded diving to depths as great as .

They are also the fastest-moving reptiles. The 1992 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records lists the leatherback turtle moving at  in the water.
Usually, they swim at .

They can live as far north as Alaska and Norway and as far south as the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and the southernmost tip of New Zealand. The leatherback is found in all tropical and subtropical oceans, and it also goes well into the Arctic Circle.

Very little is known about how long they live. Some reports say "30 years or more", while others say "50 years or more".
Takahito, Prince Mikasa

was a member of the Imperial House of Japan.

## Early life

Prince Takahito was the fourth and youngest son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei.  He was the brother of Emperor Shōwa, who was the father of the current emperor.

The prince's childhood title was _Sumi-no-miya_. He attended  the Gakushūin Peers' School from 1922 to 1932.

The prince attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy from 1932 to 1936. He graduated from the Army Staff College.

In 1935, Emperor Shōwa gave him the title _Mikasa-no-miya_ (Prince Mikasa). He was given permission to form a new branch of the Imperial family.

### Career

Prince Mikasa served in the army from 1937 to 1947.

He was an officer in China. He served at Army Headquarters during the Second World War.

After Second World War, he occupies oriental studies.

## Death

Prince Mikasa died of cardiac arrest after being treated for pneumonia at a hospital in Tokyo at the age of 100.

## Honors

- Order of the Chrysanthemum
- Order of the Elephant
- Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, 1982

## Related pages

- Line of succession to the Japanese throne
- Japanese Imperial family tree

## Other websites

- Imperial Household Agency (_Kunaicho_), Prince and Princess Mikasa

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Prince Takahito
三笠宮崇仁親王
- **title**: Prince Mikasa
- **image**: Prince-Takahito-Mikasa.jpg
- **house**: Imperial House of Japan
- **issue**: Yasuko Konoe, Princess Yasuko of Mikasa
Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
Yoshihito, Prince Katsura
Masako Sen, Princess Masako of Mikasa
Norihito, Prince Takamado
- **father**: Emperor Taishō
- **mother**: Empress Teimei
- **spouse**: Yuriko, Princess Mikasa, Yuriko Takagi
- **birth place**: Tokyo Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **religion**: Shinto
Toronto Zoo

The **Toronto Zoo** is a zoo in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  With , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada.

It is in seven geographic regions: Indo-Malaya, Africa, Americas, Tundra Trek, Australasia, Eurasia and the Canadian Domain. Some animals are indoors in tropical settings.  Some are outdoors in what would be their normal environments. It also has areas such as the Kids Zoo, Waterside Theatre and Splash Island. The zoo is currently home to over 16,000 animals.  There are over 491 species.

In April 2012, the zoo is not in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.  It sent three elephants to a place that is not okayed by the AZA. The zoo can ask to be back in the AZA in March 2013.

## Infobox (zoo)

- **zoo name**: Toronto Zoo
- **image**: TorontoZoo.jpg
- **image caption**: The Main Entrance to the Toronto Zoo
- **image width**: 250px
- **date opened**: August 15, 1974
- **location**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **num animals**: 5,000+
- **num species**: 500+
- **members**: Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums, CAZA
- **website**: [http://www.torontozoo.com www.torontozoo.com]
Oliver Reed

**Robert Oliver Reed** (13 February 1938 – 2 May 1999) was a British actor. He was born in Wimbledon, Surrey. He was a nephew of movie director Sir Carol Reed (1906-1976) and grandson of actor and theatre manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852-1917).

Reed's starred in many movies, including: _Women in Love_, _The Devils_, _The Three Musketeers_, _Tommy_, _Castaway_ ,_Gladiator_and "Treasure Island".

Reed was an alcoholic. He died of a heart attack in Valletta, Malta.
Immaculate antbird

The **immaculate antbird** (_Myrmeciza immaculata_), also known as the **blue-lored antbird**, is a species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in forests in Costa Rica, Panama, western and northern Colombia, western Venezuela, and western Ecuador. The species eats insects, and usually follows swarms of army ants to catch prey. However, it may sometimes find its prey away from the swarms.

## References

- BirdLife International 2004.  Myrmeciza immaculata.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.
Triton (mythology)

**Triton** was the son of Poseidon, the sea god, in Greek mythology. He acted as Poseidon's messenger. He had the ability to make the seas calm by blowing on a conch shell. He is shown in Greek art as having the body of a man and a fish tail, like a mermaid. Sometimes he is shown with arms like the claws of a crab, at other times he has arms like a horse's legs. He lived in a golden palace at the bottom of the ocean.

Sometimes Triton was shown as being many people, known as Tritones.

The planet Neptune's moon, Triton, was named after the god.
Xincheng District

**Xincheng District** (, pinyin:Xīnchéng Qū, meaning: New City District), is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, and it's in middle-eastern of Xi'an. Shaanxi government is in here. Its name is from Xincheng Square. As of November 2011, 589,739 people live in here. Area of Xincheng District is 30.13 km<sup>2</sup>.
Beilin District

**Beilin District** (, pinyin:Bēilín Qū) is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It's in center of Xi'an. Its name comes from Stele Forest (碑林, Beilin). Area of the district is 264.41 km<sup>2</sup> and as of November 2010, 806,811 live in here. The district is famous in tour.
Monte Hermoso

**Monte Hermoso** is a town on the Atlantic coast of Argentina.  It is about  east of the city of Bahía Blanca.  It is in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of the Partido of Monte Hermoso.

The tallest lighthouse in South America is nearby.  It is called _Faro Recalada a Bahia Blanca_.  It is  high.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Monte Hermoso
- **image skyline**: Mont1.JPG
- **pushpin map**: Argentina Buenos Aires Province#Argentina
- **pushpin mapsize**: 200
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Buenos Aires Province
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Argentina, Province
- **subdivision name1**:   Buenos Aires Province, Buenos Aires
- **subdivision type2**: Partidos of Buenos Aires, Partido
- **subdivision name2**: Monte Hermoso Partido, Monte Hermoso
- **elevation m**: 24
- **population total**: 5,394
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Argentine postal code, CPA Base
- **postal code**: ISO 3166-2:AR, B 8153
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Argentina, Area code
- **area code**: +54 2921
Pope Callixtus III

**Pope Callixtus III** (; December 31, 1378–August 6, 1458), born **Alfonso de Borja**, was an Spanish official of the Roman Catholic Church and the 210th Pope from April 8, 1455 until his death.

## Early life

Borja was born near Valencia on December 31, 1378.

## Bishop

Martin V named Borja bishop of Valencia in 1429.

## Cardinal

In 1444, Eugene IV made Borja or "Borgia" a cardinal.

## Pope

After Nicholas V died, Cardinal Borgia was elected pope on April 8, 1455.  He chose to be called Callixtus III.

In 1456, Callixtus authorized a review of the trial of Joan of Arc; and she was found innocent.

## Related pages

- List of popes
- List of popes from the Borgia family

## Other websites

- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Borja, Alfonso de

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope
- **title**: Bishop of Rome
- **name**: Callixtus III
- **term start**: 8 April 1455
- **term end**: 6 August 1458
- **predecessor**: Nicholas V
- **successor**: Pius II
- **consecration**: 31 August 1429
- **consecrated by**: Pierre de Foix, le vieux, Pierre de Foix
- **cardinal**: 2 May 1444
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Eugene IV, Eugene IV
- **image**: Alfonso de Borja, obispo de Valencia y papa Calixto III (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Alfons de Borja
- **birth date**: 31 December 1378
- **death place**: Rome, Papal States
- **children**: Francisco de Borja
- **coat of arms**: C o a Callistus III.svg
- **other**: Callixtus
Gilbert and Sullivan

**Gilbert and Sullivan** were two men who worked together during the late 19th century to write fourteen well known comic operas. W.S. Gilbert wrote the words to the operas, while Arthur Sullivan was the composer who wrote the music.

Gilbert and Sullivan introduced innovations in content and form that influenced the development of musical theatre in the 20th century. The operas have also influenced political discourse, literature, film and television. Their operas are still commonly performed today, and some have been turned into movies. Many of the operas are very funny, and the songs are often parodied.

Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and helped their collaboration. He built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint works, and founded the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which performed and promoted their works for over a century.

## Operas

- _Thespis_, or _The Gods Grown Old_ (1871)
- _Trial by Jury_ (1875)
- _The Sorcerer_ (1877)
- _H.M.S. Pinafore_, or _The Lass That Loved a Sailor_ (1878)
- _The Pirates of Penzance_, or _The Slave of Duty_ (1879)
- _Patience_, or _Bunthorne's Bride_ (1881)
- _Iolanthe_, or _The Peer and the Peri_ (1882)
- _Princess Ida_, or _Castle Adamant_ (1884)
- _The Mikado_, or _The Town of Titipu_ (1885)
- _Ruddigore_, or _The Witch's Curse_ (1887)
- _The Yeomen of the Guard_, or _The Merryman and his Maid_ (1888)
- _The Gondoliers_, or _The King of Barataria_ (1889)
- _Utopia, Limited_, or _The Flowers of Progress_ (1893)
- _The Grand Duke_, or _The Statutory Duel_ (1896)
Folies Bergère

The **Folies Bergère**  is a nightclub in Paris which opened in 1869 as a music hall. It was at the height of its fame and popularity from the 1890s until the Second World War. It is still in business.

## History

It opened on 2 May 1869 as the **Folies Trévise**, offering operettas, comic opera, popular songs, and gymnastics. It became the _Folies Bergère_ on 13 September 1872, named after a nearby street, the rue Bergère.

In 1882, Édouard Manet painted the famous _A Bar at the Folies-Bergère_.

In 1886, Édouard Marchand thought up a new type of entertainment for the _Folies Bergère_: the music-hall review. Women would be the heart of Marchand's concept for the _Folies_. In the early 1890s, the American dancer Loïe Fuller  starred at the _Folies Bergère_. In 1902, illness forced Marchand to leave after 16 years.

In 1918, Paul Derval (1880–1966) made his mark on the review. His reviews were to feature extravagant costumes, sets and effects, and his "small nude women". Derval's small nude women would become the hallmark of the _Folies_. During his 48 years at the Folies, he launched the careers of many French stars including Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, Josephine Baker, Fernandel and many others.

## Performers

Many famous entertainers have performed at the _Folies Bergère_:

## Filmography

- 1936: _Folies Bergère de Paris_ with Maurice Chevalier
- 1956: _Folies-Bergère_ with Zizi Jeanmaire
- 1956: _Énigme aux Folies Bergère_
- 1991: _La Totale!_
Metal Max

is a science fiction role-playing video game series that produced by Japanese company Crea-Tech. First game of series was released in 1991 in Nintendo Entertainment System. Due to treadmark problems, the series has a sub-series ***Metal Saga***. Series is famous in high freedom and unusual game world.

## System

Like other Japanese RPGs, players use characters travel in destroyed feature world, find items to strong themselves, and battle with enemys to get money. In games, player can find and get tanks, tanks are powerful and can protect characters. Player can find tank in different place by searching, bought by money or made by NPCs. In battle, human characters can attact by themselves or using tanks, while all character's health points equals 0, battle was lost.

Tank has 6 parts: cannon (main gun), machine gun (sub gun), special equipments, chassis, engine, and control system. Using weapon can attack enemy, and the others can keep tank running normally. Tank was covered by armors, if tank was attacked, armors might be lost, than it will broken easily. If tank broken heavily, it wouldn't move or protect character, and it must need to be fixed.

## Development

First game of series was released in 1991 when _Dragon Quest_ was popular in Japan, developer said for public that it's boring for battle with dragons, play human with tanks RPG -- _Metal Max_. In 1993, _Metal Max 2_ was released, it was sold 280,000 copies. And in 1995, the first of series was remade.

In the end of 1990s, original publisher Data East run not good, some game want to be publisher but not success. Finally, Data East got bankrupt in 2003, and "Metal Max" belongs to the one who don't work for video games.

Since 2005, Success company published a game as title "Metal Saga". In 2009, Enterbrain get the original treadmark, and _Metal Max 3_ was published in 2010 by Kadokawa Games.

## Other websites

- Producer company's website

## Infobox (video game series)

- **title**: Metal Max
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, Mobile Phone, Virtual Console, Nintendo 3DS, PS Vita, PS4, Android (operating system), Android, IOS,
- **developer**: Crea-Tech
Data East
Kuusoukagaku
Success (company), Success
Cattle Call
- **publisher**: Data East
Success
Enterbrain
Kadokawa Games
- **genre**: Role-playing game, Open world
- **creator**: Hiroshi Miyaoka
- **artist**: Atsuji Yamamoto
- **composer**: Satoshi Kadokura
- **platform of origin**: Nintendo Entertainment System
- **year of inception**: 1991
- **first release version**: _Metal Max (video game), Metal Max_
- **first release date**: 1991
- **latest release version**: _Metal Max: Xeno Reborn_
- **latest release date**: 2020
Anna Paquin

**Anna Helene Paquin** (born 24 July 1982) is a Canadian-New Zealand movie actress. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba to a French Canadian father and New Zealand mother. She won Academy Awards for _The Piano_ at age 11 in 1994. She also performed in movies related to the _X-Men_ franchise.

Paquin is openly bisexual.

### Films

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1993|The Piano|Flora McGrath||
|1996|Jane Eyre|Young Jane Eyre||
|Fly Away Home|Amy Alden|||
|1997|Amistad|Queen Isabella||
|1998|Hurlyburly|Donna||
|1999|A Walk on the Moon|Alison Kantrowitz||
|She's All That|Mackenzie Siler|||
|All the Rage|Annabel Lee|||
|2000|X-Men|Rogue/Marie||
|Almost Famous|Polexia Aphrodisia|||
|Finding Forrester|Claire Spence|||
|2001|Buffalo Soldiers|Robyn Lee||
|2002|Darkness|Regina||
|25th Hour|Mary D'Annunzio|||
|2003|X2|Rogue/Marie||
|2005|The Squid and the Whale|Lili||
|2006|X-Men: The Last Stand|Rogue/Marie||
|2007|Blue State|Chloe Hamon||
|Trick 'r Treat|Laurie|||
|2010|The Romantics|Lila Hayes||
|Open House|Jennie|||
|2011|Scream 4|Rachel||
|Margaret|Lisa Cohen|||
|2013|Straight A's|Katherine||
|Free Ride|Christina|||
|2014|X-Men: Days of Future Past|Rogue/Marie||
|Black Wings Has My Angel|Virginia|||

#### Telefilms

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1997|The Member of the Wedding|Frankie Addams||
|2007|Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee|Elaine Goodale||
|2009|The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler|Irena Sendler [owa]||

#### Series

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2008|True Blood|Sookie Stackhouse|2008-2014|

### Short

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|The Carrier|Kim||

### Internet

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|Susanna|Katie|6 epsodes, 2013<br/ >(WIGS Production)|

### Voice

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1986|Laputa: Castle in the Sky|Sheeta|1986 & 2003|
|2004|Steamboy|James Ray Steam||
|2007|Mosaic|Maggie|video|
|2011|Phineas and Ferb|Kristen|1 episode, 2011|
Panathenaic Stadium

The **Panathinaiko Stadium** is a stadium in Athens, Greece. The Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 were held here. The London 2012 Olympics started here.

It is the only major stadium in the world built entirely of white marble.  It is also one of the oldest in the world.
Dayak people

The **Dayak** are the native ethnic group of Borneo. There is no Dayak culture, because the word is used for many different groups of people. Dayak live on the island of Borneo, that is either in Brunei, Indonesia or Malaysia. Originally, the Dayak had their own religions, which were a mix of animism and shamanism. In the 20th century, many Dayak converted to either Christianity or Islam. Some didn't, and they call their religion Kaharingan. For reasons of classifying, Kaharingan has been made a form of Hinduism.