juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Limehouse station

**Limehouse station** is a railway station in Limehouse district in east London. The station is in Travelcard Zone 2. It is located on Docklands Light Railway (DLR) services and by National Rail services (c2c). National Rail services are operated out of Fenchurch Street station. On the c2c route, Limehouse is between Fenchurch Street and West Ham stations. On the Docklands Light Railway, Limehouse is between Shadwell and Westferry stations.

## History

The station was opened on 3 August 1840 as part of the London and Blackwall Railway. The area were used to be known as Ratcliffe, whilst the station has been previously known as **Stepney**, **Stepney Junction** and later **Stepney East** station (the junction of District and c2c). Another station some distance to the east on the London and Blackwall Railway, open between 1840 and 1926, had previously been called Limehouse.

## Limehouse station today

The present Limehouse station is to the west of Limehouse Basin, a porting and residential complex, and the Regent's Canal. Nearby is the north end of the Rotherhithe Tunnel towards Canada Water station, and the western end of the Limehouse Link tunnel. The station holds Secure Stations Scheme accreditation.

According to train operators c2c, "Limehouse is a bustling commuter station in the rush hour with passengers changing onto the Docklands Light Railway. At quieter times of day, it's an ideal stop-off point for Limehouse Basin and Thames-side walks through London's Docklands".

## References

**Notes**

## Other websites

- Docklands Light Railway website - Limehouse station page

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Limehouse
- **symbol**: dlr
- **symbol2**: rail
- **manager**: c2c
- **manager1**: Docklands Light Railway
- **owner**: Network Rail
- **owner1**: Transport for London
- **locale**: Limehouse
- **borough**: London Borough of Tower Hamlets
- **platforms**: 4
- **fare zone**: 2
- **railcode**: LHS
- **image name**: Limehouse_station_MMB_14_DLR_57.jpg
- **caption**: The Docklands Light Railway platforms at Limehouse, 2013
- **original**: London and Blackwall Railway, Commercial Railway
- **pregroup**: Great Eastern Railway
- **postgroup**: London and North Eastern Railway
- **years1**: 1840
- **years2**: 1850
- **years3**: 1923
- **years4**: 1926
- **years5**: 11 May 1987
- **years6**: 31 July 1987
- **events1**: Opened as Stepney by LBR
- **events2**: LBER platforms opened
- **events3**: Renamed Stepney East
- **events4**: LBR platforms closed
- **events5**: Renamed Limehouse
- **events6**: DLR platforms opened
- **railexits1314**: 3.251
- **railexits1415**: 3.195
- **railexits1516**: 3.101
- **railexits1617**: 3.439
- **access**: yes
- **dft category**: E
Ripley, Derbyshire

**Ripley** is a town in the English county of Derbyshire.

## Earliest history

Ripley existed in 1086 when it was held by a man called Levenot. In 1251 Henry III said there could be a weekly market here and two annual fairs. In 1291 there were "two water-mills with fish ponds" in Ripley.

## Industry

The Ripley area has been industrialized since the late 18th century.

One of the earliest companies to take advantage of mineral resources around Ripley was Butterley Engineering, which started  in 1790. One of the early, and most well known, examples of the work of the company includes the graceful arched roof of St. Pancras Station in London, recently restored as an international rail terminal. A recent Butterley achievement was the design and construction of the Falkirk Wheel which lifts large canal boats.

## Notable residents

- Bombardier Charles Stone who was awarded the VC was born here.
- Barnes Wallis, inventor of the 'Bouncing bomb' lived for a time in Ripley. One of the town's parks is named after him.

## Education

- Ripley Mill Hill School, Peasehill
- Swanwick Hall School, Swanwick Hill, Swanwick
- John Flamsteed School, Derby Road, Denby

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: Ripley, Derbyshire.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Nottingham Road, Ripley</small>
- **official name**: Ripley
- **population**: 21,097
- **shire district**: Amber Valley
- **shire county**: Derbyshire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **constituency westminster**: Amber Valley
- **post town**: RIPLEY
- **postcode district**: DE5
- **postcode area**: DE
- **dial code**: 01773
- **os grid reference**: SK398505
- **hide services**: yes
Shadwell DLR station

**Shadwell DLR station** on the Docklands Light Railway is between terminals of Bank and Tower Gateway to the west and Limehouse to the east. It stands on the viaduct shared with National Rail trains (on the c2c line to Essex), with a single island platform accessing using stairs and a passenger lift (via the main entrance on Watney Street). It opened on 31 August 1987 as part of the first Docklands Light Railway tranche of DLR stations. The 1991 Bank extension joins the main DLR line between Tower Gateway and Beckton just west of the station.

## Other websites

- Docklands Light Railway website - Shadwell station page
Wide receiver

A **wide receiver** (or WR, wideout) is an American football player whose main duty is to catch the football when it is thrown by the quarterback.

Wide receivers may also block, run with the football and sometimes throw the football besides just catching it. They can wear jersey numbers 10-19 and 80-89 in the National Football League, but there are no limits in college football.
Offensive linemen

**Offensive linemen** (also **OL**) are American football players who defend the quarterback or running backs by blocking defensive players.

## Details

OL are separated from 4 positions.
- Center (C) (1)
- Guard (G) (2)
- Tackle (T) (2)
- Tight end (E) (0~2)

## Rules

- OL (without C) must not touch a ball.
- Do not grab defensive players from behind.
- In pass play, don't cross the line of scrimmage.
- OL must wear uniform which the number is 50 to 79.

## References

- NFL web cite
- Football Fanatics(Football shop)
Purus River

The **Rio Purus** is a river in Brazil, in the state of Amazonas.
Madeira River

The **Madeira River** (Portugese: _Rio Madeira_) is a river in Brazil. It is also a tributary which flows in Bolivia.

## Other websites

- A very old book about Maderia River written by a man who visited the area in 1875 from Germany
Putumayo River

The **Içá** or **Putumayo** is one of the tributaries of the Amazon River. It makes the border between Colombia and Ecuador, and most of the border between Colombia and Peru.
Albert Jacka

**Albert Jacka** VC, MC & Bar (10 January 1893 – 17 January 1932) was given the Victoria Cross, the highest medal for valour "in the face of the enemy" that can be given to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. Jacka was the first Australian to win the VC during the First World War, receiving the medal for his actions during the Gallipoli Campaign. After Gallipoli he was sent to the Western Front where he again was given medals for his bravery.

After the war, Jacka went back to Australia and started a business, _Roxburgh, Jacka & Co. Pty Ltd_, importing and exporting electrical goods. He was later elected to the local council, and became the mayor of St Kilda, Victoria. Jacka never fully recovered from the many wounds he got in the war and died at the age of 39.

## Early life

Albert Jacka was born on a dairy farm at Layard, near Winchelsea, Victoria on 10 January 1893. His parents were Nathaniel Jacka and his English wife, Elizabeth Kettle. The family moved to Wedderburn, Victoria when he was five years old, where he went the local school. He began working with his father transporting goods. He was working for the Victorian State Forests Department when the First World War broke out.

## Gallipoli and the VC

He joined the AIF, the Australian Imperial Force, on 18 September 1914. His battalion was sent to Cairo Egypt for training. They landed at Gallipoli on 26 April, 1915, the second day of the Gallipoli campaign. On 19 May the Turkish army started a large attack to push the ANZACs back into the sea. The Turks were able to capture a small section of a trench at Courtney's Post. Jacka jumped into the trench by himself and killed most of the Turkish soldiers in it. For this he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Albert Jacka
- **image**: Albert Jacka portrait A02868.jpg
- **alt**: Albert Jacka
- **caption**: Captain Albert Jacka VC, MC & Bar
- **born**: 10 January 1893
- **placeofbirth**: Winchelsea, Victoria, Winchelsea, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **placeofdeath**: St. Kilda, Victoria, St. Kilda, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **nickname**: Bert
- **allegiance**: Commonwealth of Australia
- **branch**: First Australian Imperial Force, Australian Imperial Force
- **serviceyears**: 1914–1920
- **rank**: Captain (land), Captain
- **unit**: 14th Battalion (Australia), 14th Battalion
- **battles**: First World War
* Gallipoli Campaign
* Battle of the Somme
* Battle of Pozières
* Battle of Pozieres
* Battle of the Hindenburg Line
* Battle of Messines
* Battle of Polygon Wood
- **awards**: Victoria Cross
Military Cross Medal bar, & Bar
- **laterwork**: Mayor of St. Kilda
Vaupés River

The **Rio Uaupes** is a river in Colombia.  It forms part of the border between Colombia and Brazil.  In Brazil it joins the Papurí River.  Both rivers are then called the Uaupés.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Vaupés River
- **name other**: Uaupés River
- **image size**: 300
- **map**: Bcamazonica.jpg
- **map size**: 300
- **map caption**: Vaupés (Uaupés) is in the upper left section
- **pushpin map size**: 300
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **discharge1 location**: Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas, Brazil (near mouth)
- **discharge2 location**: Taracuá, Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas
- **discharge3 location**: Uaracu, Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas
- **discharge4 location**: Mitú, Vaupés Department, Vaupés, Colombia
- **source1 location**: Guaviare Department, Colombia
- **source1 coordinates**: (approximately)
- **mouth**: Rio Negro (Amazon), Rio Negro
- **tributaries right**: Papuri River, Papuri, Tiquie River, Tiquié
Yoruba people

**Yoruba** is an ethnic group of people living in Africa. They live on the west coast of Africa, mostly they are one of the major tribes in Nigeria.

## Notable people

- Yemi Osinbajo, Vice President of Nigeria
- T. B. Joshua, religious figure
- Olajide Fashikun, journalist

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Yoruba
- **image**: Kwarastatedrummers.jpg
- **caption**: Kwara State drummers
- **pop**: ca. 38 million
- **popplace**: 35 million (2012)
- **pop1**: 1.2 million (2012)
- **pop2**: 0.4 million
- **pop3**: 0.1 million
- **pop4**: 0.1 million
- **region5**: North America
- **pop5**: 0.2 million
- **region6**: Europe
- **pop6**: 0.1 million
- **langs**: Yoruba language, Yoruba, Yoruboid languages
- **rels**: Islam (ca. 50%), Christianity, Yoruba religion, traditional religion.
- **related-c**: Bini people, Bini, Nupe people, Nupe, Igala, Itsekiri, Ebira
Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School

**The Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School** (also known as PA Cyber) is an online school, made as an alternative to regular schooling. It recently changed its name from the Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School.

Students from Pennsylvania in grades Prekindergarten-12 can attend PA Cyber for free. Students can have classes that are self-paced and classes that are "virtual" where the student participates in a "online classroom".

## Other websites

- PA Cyber Website
- NNDS Website
- Lincoln Interactive Website

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: The Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School
- **motto**: Build your own school... Out of choices, not bricks.
- **established**: 2000
- **type**: Online
- **head**: Dr. Nick Trombetta
- **street**: One Lincoln Park
- **city**: Midland
- **state**: Pennsylvania
- **country**: United States
- **enrollment**: Public (PA Only), 6,200+
- **grades**: K - 12
- **publication**: The Link
- **mascot**: Leopards
- **website**: http://www.pacyber.org
Ladakhis

**Ladakhis**, or **Ladakspa** (ལ་དྭགས་པ།) are a Tibetic ethnic group living in India, China and Pakistan. They speak Ladakhi, which is a Ladakhi-Balti language of the Sino-Tibetan language family. They primarily live in the Ladakh region of India, Tibet in China and Baltistan in Pakistan. Most Ladakhis follow Tibetan Buddhism with many also following Shia Islam.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Ladakhis
- **image**: 1997 Purney, Ladakh, Inde.Irréductible.jpg
- **caption**: A Ladakhi family photographed in 1997.
- **region1**: India
- **pop1**: 15,000 (2011)
- **region2**: China
- **pop2**: 12,000 (1995)
- **region3**: Pakistan
- **pop3**: 900 (2019)
- **langs**: Ladakhi language
- **rels**:  Buddhism
 Shia Islam
- **related**: Tibetan people, Balti people
International Union for Conservation of Nature

The **International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources** (**IUCN**) is an international organization set up to protect plants, animals and habitats. It was first called the "World Conservation Union." It was started in 1948, with its main office in Gland, Switzerland. The IUCN brings together 83 states, 108 government agencies, 766 Non-governmental organizations and 81 international organizations and about 10,000 experts and scientists from countries around the world.

IUCN's purpose is to influence, encourage and assist countries around the world to conserve the quality and diversity of nature. It also has to make sure that any use of natural resources is fair and  sustainable without harming the earth.

## History

The first Director General of UNESCO, (Sir Julian Huxley) wanted to give UNESCO a more scientific base. He set up a meeting to start a new organisation to protect nature.

At the first meeting at Fontainebleau, France, on 5 October, 1948, 18 governments, seven international organisations, and 107 national nature conservation organisations agreed to form the International Union for the Protection of Nature.

From the start the most important task has been to explore and develop arrangements that can allow development as well as helping people and nations to better preserve their flora and fauna. The IUCN has always argued that needs of local communities, people and nations have to be the main part of a conservation plan. Areas needing protection and threatened species would be best protected:

The IUCN now has offices in many of the nations around the world. It is able to provide the services of a large group of mainly voluntary specialists, providing local level advice and conservation services.

## Related pages

- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

## Other websites

- IUCN official website
- Friends of World Heritage A non-profit organization that identifies projects that support local tourism activities that can help provide jobs and protect World Heritage sites.
- Review of the 2008 Red List of Threatened Species

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: IUCN
- **company type**: International organization
- **foundation**: October 1948, Fontainebleau, France
- **location**: Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
- **key people**: Mr. Valli Moosa
 Ms. Julia Marton-Lefèvre
- **industry**: Natural resource conservation biology, conservation
- **revenue**: Swiss Franc, SFr 99,348 (2005)
- **num employees**: _approx. 1,100 (worldwide)_
Red-collared lorikeet

The **red-collared lorikeet** (_Trichoglossus rubritorquis_) is a species of lorikeet. It was a subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet, but now they are regarded as separate species. The bird is found living in northern Australia.

## Habitat

The red-collared lorikeet is found in Northern Australia, as far west as Broome, Western Australia, right through the Kimberley region, across the top of the Northern Territory to the bottom of the Cape York Peninsula.

## Description

It is about  long with brightly colored feathers. It is the largest of the Australian lorikeets. The head and the face are blue, and it has an orange to red chest which narrows to a thin colored band around the neck, like a collar. Its wings and tail are green, with some yellow tips on the feathers. The feathers on its abdomen are dark blue to black. It has a red beak, and grey to brown legs and feet. The female is the same as the male but smaller. They can live up to 15 years.

## How they live

The bird is nomadic and moves about in large flocks. They feed on eucalyptus flowers, as well as nectar from other flowering plants such as grevilleas, and seeds from grass trees. It is described as being a restless and noisy bird, making a shrill shrieking noise when flying.

## Breeding

It builds nests in hollows in eucalyptus trees, usually near a creek. They lay two dull white eggs in the breeding season from August and January or March to June or May to December.

## Other websites

- Red-collared lorikeet photos
Lee Yunjeong

**Lee Yun-jeong** (b. December 20, 1976) is a South Korean singer and stylist. In 1995, She debuted in the musical world as a singer in Pippi-band, a three person singing group. In 2001, after her second solo album _Six sense_, she ended her singing career. After singing, She studied fashion design at Central Saint Martins College. After that, she had been active as a stylist for many Korean singer. These include Lee Hyori, Clazziquai, Leessang, Jaurim and Se7en. Lee Yun-jeong was also a stylist at the 2007 Mnet Korean Music Festival (MKMF). She created the design for the opening stage from clothes to props. She has appeared as a coordinator and stylist at M.net's television program _Trend Repot Feel_.

In 2008, she made EE, an arts performance team. The team uses music, art, fashion and dance in its performance. The name of the team, EE, symbolizes many acronyms beginning with the letter E such as Eternity, 'Entertainment and Everybody. EE was created in an effort to perform all the genres available at the same time. Its first performance was named _Curiosity Kills_.

## Album

- _The Cultural Revolution (문화혁명)_ (1995) - Pippi Band
- _Impossible mission (불가능한 작전)_ (1996) - Pippi Band
- _Bung Er BBang (붕어빵)_ (1996) - Pippi Band, Remake album
- _Evolution (진화)_ (1997)
- _Six sense (육감, 六感)_ (2001)
- _The Complete Best 1995~1997_ (2004) - Pippi Band, Best album
- _Curiosity Kills_ (2008) - EE
- pppb (2014) - Pippi Band, EP album

## References

- Profile at Nate.com
- Profile at Naver.com
- Curiosity Kills at Naver music

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: **Lee yunjeong**
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth date**: 20th December, 1976
- **origin**: Seoul, South Korea
- **genre**: retro, techno, dance, club music, electronica, funk
- **occupation**: singer and stylist
- **years active**: 1995-2001/2008-present
- **label**: Foundation records
- **associated acts**: Pippi Band, EE, House Rulez
- **url**: http://user.chollian.net/~ksm23/
Vacaville, California

**Vacaville** is a city in the U.S. state of California. It has many schools.
Hearts of Iron

***Hearts of Iron*** (HOI) is a grand strategy real-time simulation game developed by Paradox Interactive in Sweden.

## Series

Four series have been published:

- _Hearts of Iron_
- _Hearts of Iron 2_
- _Hearts of Iron 2 Doomsday_
- _Hearts of Iron 2 Doomsday Armageddon_
- _Hearts of Iron 3_
- _Hearts of Iron 4_

In this game, the player has all military authority over their selected nation. World War II is the background of this game. So the player can select all nations that existed when WW2 occurred. The player’s goal is surviving in the historical flood of WW2 and conquering the world. In order to survive in the game, the player has to develop his/her nation’s technology level and organize the nation’s economy for war. And, because each political regime has different characteristics in the process of war, a political statement can be important too. However, because this game is a war game, the most important thing is making the army, navy, and air force, and controlling them to make your nation larger.
Cell biology

**Cell biology** is the study of how living cells work. This includes the structure and function of the cell organelles, and the carbon-based molecules which cells produce. Cell biology is an interdisciplinary subject, and uses ideas from  genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and other subjects and techniques.

The most important molecules in cell biology are DNA, RNA and proteins.

The most important structures in the cell are the nucleus and the chromosomes, but there are others.The structure of eukaryotic cells is much more complex than prokaryotic cells. This is because endosymbiosis has occurred: some or all of the eukaryote organelles are former prokaryotes. Examples are mitochondria and plastids.

The most important function of cells is to divide by mitosis or meiosis. Cells in a multicellular organism also specialise in different functions.

- Cytology is mostly about the appearance and structure of cells.
Pentaport Rock Festival

The **Pentaport Rock Festival** () is a rock festival in South Korea. It is held each year in Incheon for three days in the last week of July. Bands from many genres of music perform.

The name of this festival comes from five philosophical themes of the festival: music, passion, the environment, DIY (Do it yourself), and friendship. The festival started in 2006. and has many well-known musicians perform. The 2006 festival had Jason Mraz and The Black Eyed Peas. In 2007, L'Arc-en-Ciel and Muse performed at the festival. Ellegarden and Travis played in 2008. In 2012 the headliners were Manic Street Preachers, Snow Patrol and Baekdoosan.
WJAC-TV

**WJAC-TV** is the local NBC channel in the Johnstown-Altoona-State College, Pennsylvania area. It is owned by Cox Enterprises, which also owns WPXI-TV in nearby Pittsburgh.

## History

WJAC-TV first appeared on television on September 15, 1949. It was originally owned by **J**ohnstown **A**utomotive **C**ompany. It was originallly on channel 13 before moving to channel 6 in 1952. In the 1960s, Johnstown Automotive sold the television station to _The Tribune-Democrat_. In 1997, it was sold to Sunrise Television, which later became part of Cox in 2000.

## Other websites

- WJACTV.com - WJAC Website

## Infobox (television station)

- **call letters**: WJAC-TV
- **station slogan**: Coverage You Can Count On Across the Alleghenies
- **station branding**: WJAC <small>(general)</small>
6 News <small>(newscasts)</small>
- **analog**: 6
- **subchannels**: 6.1 NBC
6.2 Retro Television Network, RTN
- **airdate**: September 15, 1949
- **location**: Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Johnstown/Altoona, Pennsylvania, Altoona/State College, Pennsylvania
- **callsign meaning**: **J**ohnstown
**A**utomotive
**C**ompany
(original owner)
- **former callsigns**: CBS (1980-1989)
ABC (1989-1991)
  former_numbers_sign      = 13 (1980-1989)
15 (1989-1991)
  owner                    = Cox Enterprises, Cox Enterprises, Inc.
  licensee                 = WPXI, Inc.
- **former affiliations**: **All secondary:**
CBS (1949–1953)
American Broadcasting Company, ABC (1949-1980s)
DuMont Television Network, DuMont (1949–1955)
  effective_radiated_power =
  class                    =
  facility_id              =
  coordinates              =
  homepage                 = [http://www.wjactv.com/ www.wjactv.com]
WPXI

**WPXI** (channel 11) is the NBC provider television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is owned by Cox Media Group.

## History

On September 1, 1957, WPXI first signed onto television as WIIC-TV.

Bill Cardille was the first to appear on this channel. Some of the first television shows to air on WIIC-TV included _Studio Wrestling_ and _Chiller Theatre_

In 1964, the station was sold to current owner Cox Enterprises.

In 1981, the name was changed to WPXI-TV (**P**ittsburgh 11, with XI being the Roman numeral sign for 11). The WIIC is still used in Pittsburgh, but on a smaller and less known channel showing music videos.

## Other websites

- WPXI Web site

## Infobox (television station)

- **callsign**: WPXI
- **logo**:
---

- **digital**: 23 (UHF)
- **virtual**: 11
- **translators**: _see _
- **owner**: Cox Media Group
- **licensee**: WPXI, LLC
- **location**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **country**: United States
- **callsign meaning**: Pittsburgh XI (11 in Roman numerals)
- **erp**: 500 kW
- **facility id**: 73910
- **licensing authority**: FCC
Jacques-Louis David

**Jacques-Louis David** (30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) was a politician and an artist who lived during the French Revolution. As a politician, he is most famous for being one of the handful of leaders that governed France during the most violent part of the French Revolution. David believed that France should not have a monarchy and instead it should be a Republic. He voted to have the King of France Louis XVI killed with the guillotine. When the French Revolution began to fail, David was happy that Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of France.

As a painter, Jacques-Louis David wanted artwork to be political. He often painted heroes from myths or history that he believed represented good ideals such as strength, brotherhood, and virtue. His paintings are very realistic and often portray heroes from Ancient Greece and Rome. This is called the Neoclassical style of painting. One of David's most famous paintings is of his best friend Jean-Paul Marat who was killed during the French Revolution. David's painting helped make Marat into a popular martyred hero.

He was also president of the National Convention from the 5th of January 1794, until the 20th.

## Related pages

- List of French painters

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Jacques-Louis David
- **image**: David_Self_Portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Self portrait of Jacques-Louis David, 1794, Musée du Louvre
- **birth name**: Jacques-Louis David
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **nationality**: France, French
- **field**: Painting, Drawing
- **movement**: Neoclassicism
- **works**: _Oath of the Horatii_ (1784), _The Death of Marat_ (1793)
- **awards**: Prix de Rome
Popsicle

**Popsicle** is a popular brand of ice pop in the United States and Canada. It is made of colored, flavored ice on a wooden stick. The brand name includes more than 30 different versions of the snack.

## History

The Popsicle was accidentally invented in 1905 by 11-year-old Frank Epperson. Epperson left a mixture of soda and a straw in a cup on his porch. That night San Francisco went through unusually low temperatures, and Epperson awoke the next morning to find a frozen pop that would eventually become a favorite American snack.

At first, Epperson named his frozen snack the "Epsicle", and it became popular with his school friends. In 1923, while running a lemonade stand at an amusement park in Oakland, California, Epperson realized that he could earn money from his invention. Epperson changed the name of his treat to "Popsicle", after his children always asked for "Pop’s ’sicle", and signed up for a patent. The patent for frozen ice on a stick was issued August 19, 1924.

Around 1925, Epperson sold the popsicle rights to the brand name Popsicle to the Joe Lowe Company in New York. By 1928, Epperson had earned royalties on more than 60 million Popsicle ice pops.

## Other websites

- Popsicle History

## Infobox (brand)

- **logo**:
- **name**: Popsicle
- **origin**: Oakland, California, U.S.
- **introduced**: 1905
WGAL

**WGAL** NBC television channel in the Lancaster/Harrisburg/York (Susquehanna Valley) area. It can be viewed on channel 8. Its studios are located in Lancaster, PA.

## History

WGAL-TV first appeared on television on March 18, 1949 on channel 4 as the fourth television station in Pennsylvania. It was owned by the Steinman family, owners of WGAL radio (1490 AM) and Lancaster's two major newspapers. At the time, Lancaster was the smallest city in the country with its own television station. On 31 December 1952 WGAL moved to its current location on channel 8. On January 1, 1954 WGAL showed its first color television program, the Tournament of Roses Parade. WGAL has always been an NBC television station, but also carried some programs from CBS, DuMont, and ABC until 1963. The Steinmans sold WGAL-TV to Pulitzer in late 1978. Pulitzer sold WGAL-TV to Hearst-Argyle Television in 1999. The change took place on March 18, the station's 50th anniversary.

## Other websites

- WGAL Homepage
- WGAL's 60th Anniversary
Silvio Barbato

**Silvio Sergio Bonaccorsi Barbato** (born Candeias (Minas Gerais) (Brazil), 11 May 1959; died either in or over the mid-Atlantic Ocean, on the Air France Flight 447, 1 June 2009) was an Italian-Brazilian opera conductor and composer.

## Life

He studied conducting at the University of Brasília and composition in Milan. He started his conducting career when he was 25 with a performance of Puccini's opera _Tosca_. He also helped to bring other operas to places in the middle of the Brazilian rainforest. He directed the music in a film about the Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos called _Uma Vida di Paixao_ (_A Life of Passion_). In Rio de Janeiro he conducted operas which included world-famous singers such as Montserrat Caballé, Robert Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu. He also conducted choral works such as Berlioz's _L'enfant du Christ_.

Barbato was travelling to Kiev where he was due to conduct and teach. He was on board an Air France aeroplane flying from Rio de Janeiro to Paris early on 1 June 2009 when it mysteriously crashed over the Atlantic Ocean.

## References

- Obituary "The Daily Telegraph" 6 June, 2009 p.33
Travelcard Zone 4

**Travelcard Zone 4** is the fourth outward zone of Transport for London's zonal system. The zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within London. In the Travelcard zonal system, London is split into nine approximately concentric zones for the purpose of determining the cost of a Travelcard.  The zone is also used for pricing London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys, but not journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies.
Mark Martin

**Mark Anthony  Martin** (born January 9, 1959) is a retired NASCAR driver.  Martin is often called the best driver to never have won a Sprint cup championship. Martin won five International Race of Champions (IROC) series championships. Mark Martin has driven for Roush Fenway Racing, Earnhardt Ganassi Racing, Hendrick Motorsports and Michael Waltrip Racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series.
Hendrick Motorsports

**Hendrick Motorsports** is a race team in NASCAR owned by Rick Hendrick. Chase Elliott, William Byron, Kyle Larson, and Alex Bowman all drive for this team. Hendrick Motorsports has won 10 Monster Energy MASCAR Cup Series championships.
Roush Fenway Racing

**Roush Fenway Racing** is a NASCAR team owned by Jack Roush and John W. Henry. This team owns race cars that race in the NASCAR Sprint Cup, Nationwide Series, Camping World Truck Series, and the ARCA RE/MAX Series.  Roush Fenway Racing has won two Sprint Cup championships with Kurt Busch and Matt Kenseth.
Jack Roush

**Jack Roush** (born April 19, 1942) is the co-owner of Roush Fenway Racing with his partner John W. Henry. Roush's race team has won two NASCAR Sprint Cup Championships with Kurt Busch and Matt Kenseth. During his whole career in NASCAR Jack's race team has 260 NASCAR wins, 168 poles, 1,104 top-five and 1,838 top-10 finishes
John W. Henry

**John William Henry II** (born September 13, 1949) is an American businessman. He is the owner of the Boston Red Sox and Roush Fenway Racing. He is also the owner of the association football team Liverpool F.C. of the Premier League. He is one of the 50 richest people in Boston.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John W. Henry
- **image**: John W Henry-Fenway (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Henry in 2008
- **alt**: A portrait shot of a merry-looking middle-aged Caucasian male (John W. Henry) looking straight ahead. He has short greying hair, and is wearing a blue-striped shirt with the top button open. In the background is a baseball stadium.
- **birth name**: John William Henry II
- **birth place**: Quincy, Illinois, U.S.
- **occupation**: Principal owner of
Boston Red Sox
Pittsburgh Penguins
Liverpool F.C.
The Boston Globe
- **parents**: John W. Henry Sr.
Lois Henry
- **children**: 3
Photo booth

A **photo booth** is a vending machine that takes instant photos. After you pay, usually in coins, a computer-based screen and often a recorded voice will tell you when the picture will be taken, how many shots will be taken and when the photo is developed.

Anatol Josepho invented the first self-automated photo booth in 1925. Photo booths began as black and white, film-based machines to fully coloured, digitalised machines.

There are many types of photo booths today that offer different sizes and kinds of photos such as passport photos and photos for identification. Also, some photo booths give you a number of tools you can use to create different features for your photos. Sticker photos are a good example. Sticker photos are instant photos printed on sticker-based material. After you take your picture, you can change backgrounds the tone or the color of the photo and insert letters and symbols. Invented in Japan, photo sticker booths are especially popular in Asian countries among teens and grown-ups alike.

Nowadays, the term _photo booth_ also refers to Apple's photography program that features editing tool such as black-and-white, pencil and comic book.
Busan International Film Festival

The **Busan International Film Festival** (**BIFF**, previously **Pusan International Film Festival**, **PIFF**), is one of the biggest movie festivals that is held in Busan, South Korea. It has been held every year since 1996. Although the name of Pusan changed to Busan, the festival committee decided to keep the name for the PIFF's authority. Every year, millions of people participate in this festival. They do this because many movie stars come to the festival. It is also the first international movie festival in Korea. PIFF promotes the culture and art of Busan internationally. It also helps Korean movies be known to the world movie market, and finds talented movie directors.
Oscar Peterson

**Oscar Emmanuel Peterson** (August 15, 1925 – December 23, 2007) was a Canadian jazz pianist. Peterson won eight Grammy Awards and was put into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1978. His career lasted for more than 65 years.

He was born in Montreal, where his father taught him to play the piano. While at high school he had lessons with a Hungarian classical pianist, Paul de Marky.

## Other websites

- Oscar Peterson and Andre Previn - A mix of stories and music on BBC Channel 4
- An album "We Get Requests" (1964) by the Oscar Peterson Trio at YouTube

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Oscar Peterson
- **image**: Oscar Peterson.jpg
- **caption**: Oscar Peterson
- **image size**: 200
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Oscar Emmanuel Peterson
- **birth date**: August 15, 1925
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **death date**: December 23, 2007
- **death place**: Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- **instrument**: Piano
- **genre**: Jazz
- **years active**: 1945 - 2007
- **website**: [http://www.oscarpeterson.com/ Official website]
All About Lily Chou-Chou

***All About Lily Chou-Chou*** is a Japanese movie made in 2001. The theme of this movie is Ijime(bullying). With this material, Shunji Iwai, the director, tried to describe teenagers’ sensibility and anguishes. In the movie, there is violence, bullying, rapes, suicide, murder, sympathy, confusion, and music. The entire mood is dark. Although Iwai chose this movie as his best for now and his style is well reflected, it can be hard for audiences to truly sympathize with the movie because it is lacking consideration of general audiences.

## The plot

In the movie, a boy named Yuichi Hasumi loves Lily Chou-Chou’s songs. Lily Chou-Chou is an imaginary singer who plays an odd music in this movie, and her fans communicate with each other through internet site named ‘Lily-holic.’ Another fan of Lily Chou-Chou, Shusuke Hoshino, once a friend of Yuichi, was a quiet and sincere student. However, during a trip to Okiwana, he experienced some traumatic accidents related to death and his characteristics completely changes. He starts to torment other students including Yuichi. Yuichi wants to stop him but he doesn’t know how to do so and he cannot help assisting Hoshino’s misdeeds. The only solace Yuichi can find is Lily Chou-Chou’s songs.

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Shunji Iwai
- **writer**: Shunji Iwai
- **cinematography**: Noboru Shinoda
- **distributor**: Rockwell Eyes
- **runtime**: 146 min
Byzantium (color)

**Byzantium** is a color that is a dark shade of purple.

The first recorded use of _Byzantium_ as a color name in English was in 1926.

## Meaning of Byzantium

- The tones of Byzantium are used to represent the Byzantine Empire.

## Tones of Byzantium color comparison chart

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|Red|Green|Blue|Hue|Sat|Lum|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Byzantine|style="background:#bd33a4; color:#fff;"||#BD33A4|189|51|164|311°|58%|47%|
|**Byzantium**|style="background:#702963; color:#fff;"||**#702963**|**112**|**41**|**99**|**311°**|**46%**|**30%**|
|Imperial|style="background:#602f6b; color:#fff;"||#602F6B|96|47|107|289°|39%|30%|
|Dark Byzantium|style="background:#5d3954; color:#fff;"||#5D3954|93|57|84|315°|24%|29%|

## Related pages

- List of colors
John Galliano

**John Galliano**, also known as **Juan Carlos Antonio Galliano-Guillén** (born on November 28, 1960 in Gibraltar) is a world-renowned British fashion designer. After studying design at St. Martin's School of Art in London, he sold his French Revolution-inspired graduation collection to a London retailer shop. He launched his own line in 1984. From 1995 to 1996 he designed haute couture and ready-to-wear at the House of Givenchy. In 1996, he was appointed creative director of Christian Dior. Being in charge of Dior and his own label, he designs for six collections a year plus a mid-season line under his label "G Galliano". In 2001 Galliano was made a Commander of the British Empire. In March 2011 he was sacked from Dior because anti-semitic remarks which he made appeared on the internet, and were being investigated by the police in Paris.

Galliano's historically influenced designs are an adaptation of traditional styles into highly contemporary pieces. His shows are theatrical and his runway tableau are often likened to performance art. Thirties-influenced chiffon cut on the bias is among Galliano's signatures, as are imaginative hats. He is known for his end-of-show looks, where he stuns his audience with eccentric, avant-garde appearances in continuance with the show's inspiration.

Galliano also owns other product lines like eyewear, fragrances, jeans, lingerie and shoes. Since 2004, Galliano has collaborated with Diptyque, creating scented candles.

Galliano is openly gay.

## Other websites

- John Galliano Official website
- John Galliano - Biography
Sasuke Uchiha

**Sasuke Uchiha** is a fictional character from the manga series Naruto, which depicts a world of ninjas. He is an important character in the manga due to the fact that the story basically revolves around Naruto, the main character, and Sasuke, Naruto's rival. Sasuke is a very popular character, there have been many polls that prove this. Merchandise based on Sasuke has also been released, ranging widely from action figures to plush dolls and even to his ninja equipment. Sasuke has also appeared in Naruto related video games and OVAs.

## Background

Sasuke is a member of the Uchiha Clan, one of the strongest clans of the village of Konoha (Also known as the hidden leaf village). When Sasuke was a little boy, he saw his older brother kill their parents. Itachi Uchiha, Sasuke’s older brother, told Sasuke that he also killed all of the other clan members to see if he was a strong ninja but that he will save Sasuke’s life because it was not even worth killing. From then on, Sasuke lived a lonely life full of hatred and destined to walk a path of an “Avatar of Revenge” and kill his brother. However, these feelings seemed to be alleviated when he befriended Naruto Uzumaki after graduating Ninja Academy. As they were working together in a team as “Genin" (which means rookie ninja), Naruto showed him what friendship and companionship were.

This ended with Sasuke's encounter with his brother. After battling Itachi, Sasuke realized that he lacked both the strength and intelligence to kill him. Later Sasuke leaves Naruto and Konoha to go to Orochimaru, one of the main antagonists of the series, to learn advanced ninja techniques and to be trained as a stronger ninja. Through mastering “Level Two of the Cursed Seal,” a restricted ninja technique, Sasuke obtains extraordinary power, thanks to is former master. Eventually, Sasuke defeats and kills his older brother only to find out that the order to massacre the Uchiha Clan was made by the elders of Konoha because the clan was destroying the peace of the entire village. However, Itachi could not kill his little brother because he loved Sasuke too much. In order for Sasuke to become able to protect himself, Itachi told Sasuke to live a life of anger and revenge which would stimulate Sasuke’s progress and allow him to become a strong ninja. After hearing about his brother, Sasuke turns his anger toward Konoha and decides to destroy the village.

naruto has ended it ended in 23 March 2017. The adventures of Sasuke continue. The story also focuses on the reunion of the two rivals, Naruto and Sasuke. The two friends' goals conflict in that Naruto wants to protect Konoha, whereas, Sasuke plans to destroy it.

## Further reading

- Kishimoto, Masashi (2000). "Chapter 4". Naruto, Volume 1.
- Kishimoto, Masashi (2003). "Chapter 145". Naruto, Volume 17.
- Kishimoto, Masashi (2003). "Chapter 146". Naruto, Volume 17.
- Kishimoto, Masashi (2004). "Chapter 179". Naruto, Volume 20.
Exclusive economic zone

**Exclusive Economic Zone** (**EEZ**) is an area in the ocean where only one country gets the right to do economic activities, such as mining underwater resources and fishing. In the case of islands far from the mainland, EEZ starts at the coasts of the islands. Normally, EEZ goes out to 200 nautical miles (370 km), unless EEZs of two or more countries overlap. Many EEZs actually overlap; countries argue over where their outermost boundaries of EEZ should be. EEZ is prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

It is different from territorial waters in that ships and submarines from other countries can freely travel without any permission. However, this is under the condition that they are just passing by and not taking any resources. These zones were invented in the middle 20th century.

## Related pages

- Cod wars
Shin Seung-hun

**Shin Seung-hun** is a South Korean singer. He was at the top in the 1990s in the Republic of Korea. He is remembered as the "Emperor of Ballads". He made his debut in 1990 with his first album. As soon as he released his first album, he went to the top of the Korean broadcasting music chart. His album became a million seller. And his first album had won Korea's main award, the Golden Disk Award. In 1991, he released his second album, "Invisible Love". Through this album he got his nickname, "Emperor of Ballads". With this album, he was at the top of the MBC music chart for eleven weeks, and the SBS music chart for fourteen weeks. That is in the Guinness Book of World Records. This album also won a Golden Disk Award.

His first seven albums were all million sellers. And his all formula album, all 10 albums, had won the main award or the greatest award in the Golden Disk Award. He is the singer who had been at the top the most times in Korea's 1990s. And he is also a composer. He composed all his albums' title songs, and he is the composer who composed the song which had been at the top the most times. And his accumulated album sales is fifteen million. He is still actively performing and working today.
Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation

**Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation** (**MBC**) is a national television network in South Korea.  _Munhwa_ is the Korean word for "culture."
Travelcard Zone 1

**Travelcard Zone 1** is the central zone of Transport for London's zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within London. London is split into six (approximately concentric) zones for the purpose of determining the cost of London transport fares on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway, but not journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies.

## Related pages

- Transport for London
- Finsbury Park station
Acton Town tube station

**Acton Town** is a London Underground station in Acton, west London, on the Piccadilly and District lines. The station is at the Acton’s junction of Gunnersbury Lane (A4000) and Bollo Lane and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

## Related pages

- List of London Underground stations

## Other websites

- London Transport Museum Photographic Archive

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Acton Town
- **image name**: ActonTown1.jpg
- **caption**: Acton Town underground station entrance
- **manager**: London Underground
- **fare zone**: 3
- **locale**: Acton, London, Acton
- **borough**: London Borough of Ealing
- **years1**: 1 July 1879
- **years2**: 1 March 1910
- **years3**: 4 July 1932
- **events1**: Opened as _Mill Hill Park_ on the line to Ealing Broadway
- **events2**: Renamed _Acton Town_
- **events3**: Piccadilly line services commenced
- **platforms**: 4
- **tubeexits05**: 5.41
- **tubeexits07**: 5.774
Aldgate tube station

**Aldgate tube station** is a London Underground station at Aldgate in the City of London.

The station is on the Circle Line between Tower Hill and Liverpool Street. It is also the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan line from Amersham, Uxbridge or Chesham. It is in Travelcard Zone 1, and its ticket office is part-time only.

## Layout

Platforms 1 and 4 at Aldgate are two of the only three platforms on the network to be served exclusively by the Circle Line (the other being Platform 2 at Gloucester Road). All other Circle Line platforms are shared by the District, Metropolitan and/or Hammersmith & City Lines.

## In literature

Aldgate tube station is important in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes story _The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans_.
In the story, Cadogan West is found dead on the tracks near the station. We later know that the body was placed on top of the train before its arrival at the station.

## Related pages

- List of London Underground stations

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Aldgate
- **manager**: London Underground
- **symbol**: underground
- **locale**: Aldgate
- **borough**: City of London
- **platforms**: 4
- **fare zone**: 1
- **railcode**: ZAD
- **image name**: Aldgate-Station-Entrance.jpg
- **caption**: Station entrance
- **map type**: Central London
- **label position**: left
- **events1**: Opened
- **tubeexits09**: 5.974
- **interchange**: Fenchurch Street railway station, Fenchurch Street
Travelcard Zone 2

**Travelcard Zone 2** is the second most central zone of Transport for London's six (approximately concentric) zones system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal fares, and fares for London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys.  A flat fare applies for journeys entirely by bus or tram.