juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dennis DeConcini

**Dennis Webster DeConcini**  (born May 8, 1937) is an American lawyer, philanthropist, politician. He served as the Democratic U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1977 until his retirement in 1995. He was replaced by Jon Kyl. DeConcini was born in Tucson, Arizona.

In February 1995 DeConcini was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), where he served until May 1999.

DeConcini is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), a global nonprofit organization that combats child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and child abduction.

In June 2021, President Joe Biden nominated DeConcini as a Member of the Board of Trustees of the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship Foundation. His nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in December 2021.

## Other websites

- Speaking about President Carter and Senate on KJZZ Radio
- Parry, Romani, DeConcini & Symms
- Deconcini Mcdonald Law Firm
- Book Award
- DeConcini Backs Senator Obama

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dennis DeConcini
- **image**: Dennis DeConcini, Goldwater Foundation Trustee.png
- **office1**: Chair of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Senate Intelligence Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 1993
- **term end1**: January 3, 1995
- **predecessor1**: David Boren
- **successor1**: Arlen Specter
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Arizona
- **term start2**: January 3, 1977
- **term end2**: January 3, 1995
- **predecessor2**: Paul Fannin
- **successor2**: Jon Kyl
- **birth name**: Dennis Webster DeConcini
- **birth place**: Tucson, Arizona, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Patty
- **education**: University of Arizona (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **serviceyears**: 1959–1960 (Acting)
1960–1967 (United States Army Reserve, Reserve)
- **rank**: Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army, Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
- **battles**: Vietnam War
Birr

**Birr** can mean:

- Birr, County Offaly, a town in Ireland
- Birr, Switzerland, a municipality in Aargau, Switzerland
- Ethiopian birr, the currency of Ethiopia
Puma (brand)

**PUMA AG** is a German multinational company. The company designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear, apparel and accessories.The headquarter is in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.

Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world.

The logo of Puma is puma jumping through the title or just jumping.

It is estimated that Puma employs about 14,606 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Puma SE
- **logo**: Puma-logo-(text).svg
- **image**: Zeppelinstraße 2 Herzogenaurach 03.JPG
- **image size**: 260px
- **image caption**: Puma headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany
- **type**: _Societas Europaea_
- **traded as**:
MDAX, MDAX Component
- **founder**: Rudolf Dassler
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: François Pinault (Business partner, Partner & President (corporate title), President)
 Robyn Rihanna Fenty (Business partner, Partner & Fashion Designer)
 Shawn JAY-Z Carter (Business partner, Partner, President (corporate title), President of Basketball & Sports Designer)
 Bjørn Gulden (Chief executive officer, CEO)
 Michael Lämmermann (CFO)
 Lars Sorensen (Chief operating officer, COO)
 Bob Philion (President (corporate title), President of North America)
- **revenue**: Euro, €5.50 billion <small>(2019)</small>
- **operating income**: €440 million <small>(2019)</small>
- **net income**: €262 million <small>(2019)</small>
- **assets**: €4.37 billion <small>(2019)</small>
- **equity**: €1.92 billion <small>(2019)</small>
- **owner**: Groupe Artémis, Artémis
Kering
- **num employees**: 14,606 <small>(est. December 2020)</small>
- **subsid**: Cobra Golf
- **predecessor**: Split from Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory
- **location**: Herzogenaurach, Germany
Munevera Zulfikarpašić

**Munevera Zulfikarpašić**, born Gavrankapetanović (19181999), was a distinguished Bosnian and Sarajevan master of pharmacy. She was born in Ljubuški and died in Sarajevo.

She was:
- the first academically educated Bosniak woman with the degree of _Master of Pharmacy_
- among the first Bosnian-Herzegovinian pharmacists certified for the preparation of galenic preparations, and
- the first Bosniak woman with active participation in international scientific and expert conferences in the field of pharmacy.

Munevera Zulfikarpašić finished elementary and high schools in Sarajevo and graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Zagreb, 1942. The Pharmacy Exam passed in 1948, when she was promoted to "Pharmacy Health at the Level of _master of pharmacy_".

## Related pages

- Pharmacy

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Munevera Zulfikarpašić
- **image**: Munevera.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: Ljubuški, Austria-Hungary
- **death place**: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **citizenship**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **nationality**: Bosniaks
- **fields**: Pharmacy
- **workplaces**: Pharmacies Sarajevo
- **alma mater**: University of Zagreb
- **known for**: First academically educated Bosniaks woman _Master of Pharmacy_
Military base

A **military base** is a place where a country can keep its armed forces. It could be an air base, an army base, or a navy base. It could be inside its home country, in a different, friendly country, or in a country being invaded or occupied.

## Military bases

- Dhekelia Cantonment, Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia; The base has borders with Cyprus and North Cyprus.

In Europe
- Yavoriv military base, Ukraine

In North America

- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba
- Camp Pendleton, California
- Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
- Fort Riley
- Fort Liberty (formerly, Fort Bragg), North Carolina

## Related pages

- Armory
- Arsenal
- Barracks
- Casern
- Combat outpost (COP)
- DoDAAC
- Facility
- Fire support base (FSB, FB)
- Forward Operating Base (FOB)
- Fortification
- Garrison
- Installation
- Joint base
- Magazine
- Main Operating Base (MOB)
- Marine Corps base
- Military airbase, airfield or field
- Military camp
- Naval air station
- Naval base
- Naval dockyard
- Outpost (OP)
- Presidio
- Proving ground
J.Crew

**J.Crew** is an American clothing and accessories retailer based in New York City. It was founded in 1983.
Georgia Aquarium

The **Georgia Aquarium** is an aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States.  It is one of the largest aquariums in the world, and has thousands of species in about ten million gallons of water. The animals there include sharks, Beluga whales, dolphins and manta rays.
Tom Holland

**Thomas Stanley Holland** (born 1 June 1996) is an English actor and dancer. He is best known for playing Spider-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, _Captain America: Civil War_ (2016), _Spider-Man: Homecoming_ (2017), _Avengers: Infinity War_ (2018), _Avengers: Endgame_ (2019), and _Spider-Man: Far From Home_ (2019).

He also starred in the famous musical _Billie Elliot_ (2008), _Cherry_ (2020), _Chaos Walking_ (2020) and _Spider-Man: No Way Home_ (2021). He was cast to play the character Nathan Drake in the movie _Uncharted_ (2022), based on the video game series of the same name. he is set to play Telamachus for Christopher Nolan's The Odyssey.

and is in Negotiations for the role of James Bond.

## Early life

Tom Holland was born at Kingston Hospital in Kingston upon Thames, He is son of Dominic Holland and Niki Holland, His mother is photographer and his father may be Comedian and Author, He has three younger brothers: Harry, Sam, and Patrick (Paddy). He was bullied in school for being a dancer.

He studied Nifty Feet Dance School on his childhood, He is started to dance from his school group at the 2006 Richmond Dance Festival, where he was spotted by choreographer Lynne Page, an associate to Peter Darling, choreographer of _Billy Elliot_ and _Billy Elliot the Musical_. And than studies at Donhead Preparatory School in Wimbledon, London and Wimbledon College,  BRIT School and Carpentry school in Cardiff.

## Personal life

Holland lives in southwest London. As of 2021, he is dating Marvel co-star Zendaya.

Holland was diagnosed with dyslexia in 2003.

## Other websites

- Tom Holland at Curtis Brown Literary and Talent Agency
- The Brothers Trust
- Works by or about Tom Holland in libraries (WorldCat catalogue)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tom Holland
- **image**: Tom Holland MTV 2018 (02).jpg
- **caption**: Holland in 2018
- **birth name**: Thomas Stanley Holland
- **birth place**: Kingston upon Thames, London, England, UK
- **education**: BRIT School
- **occupation**: Celebrity
- **parents**: Dominic Holland
Niki Holland (Mother)
Gun language

**Gun language** () is a language in the Gbe languages group. It is spoken by the Gun people in Benin and Nigeria. This language is close to Fon, as well as to Agbome, Kpase, Maxi and Weme (Ouémé) languages. It is the second most spoken language of Benin. It is used in some schools in the Ouémé Department of Benin.

It is mainly spoken in south Benin in Porto-Novo, Sème, Bonou, Adjara, Avrankou, Dangbo, Missérété, Akpro-Missérété, Cotonou and other cities where Gun people live. Gun is also spoken by a minority of people in southwest Nigeria near the border with Benin.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Gun
- **nativename**: gungbe
- **speakers**: 1,539,000 (2021)
- **iso3**: guw
- **family**: Niger-Congo
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam1**: Atlantic-Congo
- **fam2**: Volta-Congo
- **fam3**: Kwa
- **fam4**: Gbe
- **fam5**: Aja
- **glotto**: gunn1250
Bot

A **bot** is a computer program which acts automatically. It may do things that a person wouldn't normally do, or take a long time to do.  It is an automated or semi-automated tool or script. They may be simple, or advanced and complex:
1. Software agents acts for a user doing things which the user programs it for. Software agents which interact with people (such as chatbots) have features which make this possible, such as natural language processing.
1. More advanced agents:
    1. Intelligent agents can use artificial intelligence.
    1. Autonomous agents change the way they do things to achieve the same objectives. Also, there are multi-agent systems which can work together to get a result which could not be done by a single agent.
    1. Mobile agents can move (relocate) their working to different processors.

## Issues with bots

Societies are going through a rapid learning process at present. The freedom of bots to mine data is challenged. By mining data is meant collecting information about use, and about users, so as to advance some commercial or other purpose. In the European Union, for example, bots must now ask for permission to mine data from users. Before, they could collect any data they liked from users inorder to promote the welfare of the companies that used them.

There is a Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases. It is a directive of the European Union in the field of copyright law, made under the Treaty of Rome. The need to protect the data of _users_ is a more recent development.

Data mining is certain to be extremely important in the future. On Wikipedia the use of bots is frequent (see link above), but the use of data mining is minimal.
Aphorism

An **aphorism** is a memorable saying. It often contains proverbs and a surprising truth. Most aphorisms are quite short, but not all:

- _Ars longa, vita brevis_ (Art is long but life is short). Hippocrates' opening to his work on medicine.
- _To do nothing is sometimes a good remedy_. Hippocrates.
- _The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful_. Edward Gibbon, "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", volume 1, chapter 1.
- _Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely_. Lord Acton (John Dalby-Acton, 1st Baron Acton), in _The history of freedom in antiquity_ (1877).
- _Our virtues are most frequently but vices in disguise_. ("Nos vertus ne sont, le plus souvent, que de vices déguisés".)  Francois de La Rochefoucauld. _Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims (1665–1678)_
- _We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars_. Oscar Wilde, in _Lady Windermere's Fan_ (1892).
- _Fool, nothing is impossible in Russia but reform._ Oscar Wilde, in Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880).
- _All is flux_, and _You cannot step into the same river twice_. Both quoted by Plato in his _Cratylus_, and both were remarks of Heraclitus. But Plato's version was not quite the same. The first was _All entities move and nothing remains still_.
Henri Dirickx

**Hendrik Paul "Rie" Diricx** (7 July 1927 – 4 July 2018) was a Belgian football player. He was born in Duffel.

Dirickx played for Union Saint-Gilloise. He earned a total of 30 caps for Belgium between 1952 and 1960. He was part at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

Dirickx died on 4 July 2018, three days before his 91st birthday.
Parson's Cause

The **"Parson's Cause"** was a legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia. Many people think it was an  important event leading up to the American Revolution. The case was about the payment of clergy of the Anglican Church in Virginia.  At the time, a lot of tobacco was planted in Virginia. It was one of the commodity crops of the colony.  The colony of Virginia had passed laws in  1748: These laws said that  Virginia's Anglican clergy were to be paid 16,000 pounds of tobacco per year.

The problem was that the harvest of tobacco was poor in 1758. Because of that, the price of tobacco in Virginia rose from two to six pennies per pound. This also meant the salary of clergy effectively tripled, that year. The state of Virginia was forced to act, and passed a law called the _Two Pennies Act_: This law allowed the state authorities to pay the clergy in currency, instead of tobacco. It also fixed the exchange rate of tobacco: it said that for these payments, the state should take a rate of two  pennies per pound of tobacco.  King George III of Great Britain vetoed the law, causing an uproar in the colony.  Many Virginia legislators saw the king's veto as a breach of their legislative authority.

Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue.  Patrick Henry was the person who argued in favor of colonial rights in the case. He was relatively unknown at the time.

The Reverend James Maury had sued in Hanover County Court (April 1, 1762) for back wages on behalf of all the ministers involved: he effectively became a representative of the British cause.  The court ruled (Nov. 5, 1763) that Maury's claim was valid, but that a jury had to determine the amount of damages. This jury was called for in December  1763. Patrick Henry rose to prominence by defending Hanover County against Maury's claims. Henry argued in favor of the Two Penny Act.  As reported by the plaintiff Maury in a letter (Dec. 12, 1763) to fellow Anglican minister John Camm shortly after the trial, Henry argued in substance "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience."

The jury awarded Maury one penny in damages. The award essentially nullified the Crown veto, and no other clergy sued.

The Hanover County Courthouse is still operating; historic U.S. Route 301 passes by it. The courthouse is next to the Hanover Tavern, where Patrick Henry lived while arguing the Parson's Cause. It is the third oldest courthouse still in use in the United States.  The state historic office dates the building's construction between 1737 and 1742.
Hans Hürlimann

**Hans Hürlimann** (6 April 1918 –22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974-1982).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973. He served until 31 December 1982 when Alphons Egli took office. He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.

During his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1979.
France (disambiguation)

**France** is a country in Europe.

**France** may also refer to:

- "La France", a single released by the Dutch pop group BZN.
- La France (rose), an hybrid tea rose developed in 1867 by Jean-Baptiste Guillot.

## Transport

- La France (airship), a dirigible built by Arthur Constantin Krebs and Charles Renard in 1884.
- SS _France_ (1871), an ocean liner.
- SS _France_ (1912), an ocean liner.
- SS _France_ (1961), an ocean liner later renamed SS _Norway_.
- Anatole France (Paris Métro), a station of the Paris Métro.

## Radio

- Radio France, the French public service radio broadcaster.
    - France Bleu, France Culture, France Info, France Inter and France Musique, five public radio stations belonging to Radio France.
- Radio France Internationale, a French public radio network.

## Television

- France Télévisions, a French public national television broadcaster.
- France 2, France 3, France 4 and France 5, four French public television networks.
- France Ô, a satellite channel featuring programming from all the France's overseas departments and territories around the world.
- France 24, a French satellite and cable TV news channel.

## People

In French-speaking countries, France may also be a woman's first name:

- France Gall, French pop singer
- France Gélinas, Canadian politician

On rarer occasions, it may also be a surname:

- Anatole France, nom de plume of French writer .
- Cécile de France, a Belgian actress
- C.V. France, English actor

## Other uses

- Fils de France
- Île-de-France
Jagmeet Singh

**Jagmeet Singh Dhaliwal**  (born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He has been the leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada since 2017. He used to be a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2017. He represented the electoral district of Bramalea—Gore—Malton.

After the leadership election, he became the first person of a visible minority to be the permanent leader of a major federal political party. He lost his re-election as member of Parliament during the 2025 federal election and announced his plans to resign as New Democratic Party leader.

## Biography

Jagmeet Singh was born on January 2, 1979 in Scarborough, Ontario. His parents were Harmeet Kaur and Jagtaran Singh, who both came from the state of Punjab in India. He started his career as a criminal defense lawyer.

Singh was first elected in the 2011 Ontario provincial election. He represented the ONDP. In 2015, he became the Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democrats under Andrea Horwath until 2017.

Singh announced he would run for leadership of the federal New Democratic Party of Canada to replace Tom Mulcair which he won. He did not have a seat in the House of Commons until March 2019. This was when he won a seat in Burnaby South, British Columbia in a by-election.

During the 2025 federal election, with the NDP expected to lose official party status and having lost his seat in parliament, Singh announced that he would resign as party leader once an interim leader was chosen in advance of the next party leadership election.

## Political views

Singh has branded himself a progressive and a social democrat. Singh supports LGBTQ rights.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jagmeet Singh
- **image**: Jagmeet Singh in Brantford 2022 2 (cropped2).jpg
- **caption**: Singh in 2022
- **office**: New Democratic Party, Leader of the New Democratic Party
- **term start**: October 1, 2017
- **term end**: May 5, 2025
- **predecessor**: Tom Mulcair
- **successor**: Don Davies (interim)
- **riding2**: Burnaby South
- **parliament2**: Canadian
- **term start2**: February 25, 2019
- **term end2**: April 28, 2025
- **predecessor2**: Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician), Kennedy Stewart
- **successor2**: _Last member_
- **parliament3**: Ontario Provincial
- **riding3**: Bramalea—Gore—Malton (provincial electoral district), Bramalea—Gore—Malton
- **term start3**: October 6, 2011
- **term end3**: October 20, 2017
- **predecessor3**: Kuldip Kular
- **successor3**: _Last member_
- **birth place**: Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
- **party**: New Democratic Party, New Democratic
- **otherparty**: Ontario New Democratic Party, Ontario New Democratic
- **relatives**: Gurratan Singh (brother)
- **residence**: Burnaby, British Columbia
- **signature**: Jagmeet Singh Signature.svg
- **children**: 2
Ohio Fireworks Derecho

The **Ohio Fireworks Derecho** was a severe wind storm that happened on July 4, 1969. The storm started in southeast Michigan and entered northwestern Ohio near the Toledo area and moved into the Sandusky and Cleveland areas also western Pennyslvania, including the Pittsburgh area before ending at midnight near the borders of Pennyslvania, West Virginia, and Maryland.
Brad Dye

**Brad J. Dye, Jr.** (December 20, 1933 – July 1, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Charleston, Mississippi. Dye served three 4-year terms as 27th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1980 until 1992. He served under William Winter, William Allain and Ray Mabus. Dye was a member of the  Democratic Party.

Dye died of respiratory failure on July 1, 2018 in Ridgeland, Mississippi at the age of 84.

## Other websites

- Oral History Project
Ray Mabus

**Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr.** (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Mabus served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus also served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.

In 2012, he appeared in the movie _Battleship_ as the Commanding Officer of USS Ronald Reagan.

## Other websites

- United States Navy bio page
- Mississippi Historical Society biography
    - C-SPAN _Q&A_ interview with Mabus, February 5, 2012

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ray Mabus
- **image**: SECNAV-Mabus-OfficialPhoto2-2014.jpg
- **office**: 75th United States Secretary of the Navy
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **deputy**: Robert O. Work
Janine A. Davidson
- **term start**: May 19, 2009
- **term end**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor**: Donald C. Winter
- **successor**: Richard V. Spencer
- **office1**: United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
- **president1**: Bill Clinton
- **term start1**: July 5, 1994
- **term end1**: April 25, 1996
- **predecessor1**: John Bookout
- **successor1**: Wyche Fowler
- **order2**: 60th List of Governors of Mississippi, Governor of Mississippi
- **lieutenant2**: Brad Dye
- **term start2**: January 12, 1988
- **term end2**: January 14, 1992
- **predecessor2**: William Allain
- **successor2**: Kirk Fordice
- **office3**: 37th State Auditor of Mississippi, Auditor of Mississippi
- **governor3**: William Allain
- **term start3**: January 10, 1984
- **term end3**: January 12, 1988
- **predecessor3**: Hamp King
- **successor3**: Pete Johnson (Mississippi), Pete Johnson
- **birth name**: Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr.
- **birth place**: Starkville, Mississippi, Starkville, Mississippi, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Julie Hines
Lynne Horecky
- **children**: 3
- **education**: University of Mississippi, University of Mississippi, Oxford

Harvard University
- **rank**:  Lieutenant (junior grade)
- **serviceyears**: 1970–1972
- **mawards**: Surface warfare insignia, Surface Warfare Officer badge
Bukalapak

**Bukalapak** is an online marketplace in Indonesia, owned and run by PT. Bukalapak.

## History

Bukalapak was founded by Achmad Zaky in early 2010 as a digital agency division named Suitmedia, based in Jakarta. However, Bukalapak has only been a Limited Liability Company (PT) in September 2011 and is managed by management led by Achmad Zaky as CEO (Chief Executive Office) and Nugroho Herucahyono as CTO (Chief Technology Officer).

## Users

In one day, Bukalapak visited more than 2 million visits. Until now, Bukalapak has 7 million sold by users (as of December 2015) and is in position 11 major sites in Indonesia based on Alexa.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Bukalapak
- **logo**: File:Bukalapak (2020).svg
- **owner**: PT. Bukalapak
- **launch date**: January 2010
- **current status**: Active
Dick Feagler

**Richard Feagler** (July 29, 1938 – July 1, 2018) was an American journalist, playwright and television personality. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He entered journalism in 1963, writing obituaries for the _Cleveland Press_. In 1970 Feagler started a regular feature column that continued until the _Press_ closed in 1982. He won a Peabody Award in 1991. He was the host of _Feagler & Friends_, a weekly half-hour discussion program on WVIZ until 2013.

Feagler died July 1, 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 79.

## Other websites

- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070120174015/http://www.wcpn.org/about/staff.html ]
- Queer high for a straight guy
- _Plain Dealer_ column archive
- Feagler & Friends
- Feagler, Dick. "Christmas at Aunt Ida's." 1993. Rpt. 21 Dec. 2007.
Gordon Hillman

**Gordon Hillman** (29 July 1943 – 1 July 2018) was a British archaeobotanist. He worked as Professor in Archaeobotany (Palaeoethnobotany) at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London.

He was awarded the Distinguished Economic Botanist award by the Society for Economic Botany in 2004.

Hillman died on 1 July 2018 in London of complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Full bibliography
- _Wild Plant Foods of Britain_ by Gordon Hillman

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Gordon Hillman
- **image**: Gordon_Hillman.png
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Gordon Hillman
- **birth place**: Hailsham, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **field**: Archaeobotany
- **work institutions**: University College London
Patrick Finnegan

**Patrick Finnegan** (September 20, 1949 – July 2, 2018) was a United States Army Brigadier General. He served as president of Longwood University from 2010 to 2012. Finnegan served 39 years in the U.S. Army, retiring in 2010 after serving as the 12th Dean of the Academic Board at the U.S. Military Academy. He was born in Fukuoka, Japan, but raised in Baltimore, Maryland.

Finnegan died in Farmville, Virginia on July 2, 2018 from a heart attack, aged 68.

## Other websites

- Patrick Finnegan's Facebook page
Ángel Roberto Seifart

**Ángel Roberto Seifart** (12 September 1941 – 2 July 2018) was a Paraguayan politician. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay.

Seifart was minister of education in the military government of Andrés Rodríguez. In 1993, he was elected Vice President of Paraguay as running mate of Juan Carlos Wasmosy for the period from 15 August 1993 to 15 August 1998 and also a minister in the cabinet of Raúl Cubas Grau.

Seifart died in Asunción on 2 July 2018 from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 76.
Mario Abdo Benítez

**Mario Abdo Benítez** (born 10 November 1971) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as president of the Senate of Paraguay. Abdo Benítez is the 51st President of Paraguay from 15 August 2018 to 15 August 2023.

## Other websites

- Official campaign website
- Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Mario Abdo Benítez
- **image**: Mario Abdo Benítez (2018-06-14, cropped).jpg
- **office**: 51st President of Paraguay
- **vicepresident**: Hugo Velázquez Moreno, Hugo Velázquez
- **term start**: 15 August 2018
- **term end**: 15 August 2023
- **predecessor**: Horacio Cartes
- **successor**: Santiago Peña
- **office1**: List of Presidents of the Senate of Paraguay, President of the Senate
- **term start1**: 1 July 2015
- **term end1**: 30 June 2016
- **predecessor1**: Blas Llano
- **successor1**: Roberto Acevedo
- **birth name**: Mario Abdo Benítez
- **birth place**: Asunción, Paraguay
- **party**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party
- **nationality**: Paraguayan
- **spouse**: Fátima Díaz Benza (div.)
Silvana López Moreira
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Teikyo Post University
Juan Carlos Wasmosy

**Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti** (born December 15, 1938) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from August 15, 1993 until August 15, 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years.

In 2002, Wasmosy was convicted of defrauding the Paraguayan state and was himself sentenced to four years in prison. The sentence was later appealed.

## Other websites

- WASMOSY, Juan Carlos International Who's Who. accessed September 3, 2006.
- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Juan Carlos Wasmosy
- **image**: 08.16 副總統特使團出席巴拉共和國新任總統貝尼亞就職典禮及相關慶祝活動 - 53118859417 (cropped).jpg
- **order**: 44th President of Paraguay
- **term start**: August 15, 1993
- **term end**: August 15, 1998
- **predecessor**: Andrés Rodríguez (President), Andrés Rodríguez
- **successor**: Raúl Cubas Grau
- **birth place**: Asuncion, Paraguay
- **party**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party
- **vicepresident**: Ángel Roberto Seifart
Georges-Emmanuel Clancier

**Georges-Emmanuel Clancier** (3 May 1914 – 4 July 2018) was a French poet, novelist, and journalist. He won the Prix Goncourt (poetry), the Grand Prize of the Académie française, and the grand prize of the Société des gens de lettres.

From 1955 to 1970, he worked in Paris as secretary general of the programming committees of Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, (which later became the ORTF). In 1956 he published _Le Pain noir_, a series of novels in which he told, until 1961.

He was President of the PEN of France from 1976 to 1979, where he worked in the defense of writers threatened, detained, deported or exiled. In 1980 he was Vice-President of the French Commission for UNESCO, in 1987 Vice President of International PEN, and chairman of the House of Writers which was founded in 1986 to 1990.

Clancier turned 100 in May 2014 and died on 4 July 2018 from pneumonia in Paris, aged 104.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Georges-Emmanuel Clancier
- **image**: Georges-Emmanuel Clancier, 1987.jpg
- **caption**: Georges-Emmanuel Clancier in Paris, 1987
- **birth place**: Limoges, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Poet, novelist, journalist
Raúl Cubas Grau

**Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau** (born August 23, 1943 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999.

## Other websites

- Cecila Cubas body found – MSNBC
- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Raúl Cubas Grau
- **order**: 45th President of Paraguay
- **term start**: August 15, 1998
- **term end**: March 29, 1999
- **predecessor**: Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti, Juan Carlos Wasmosy
- **successor**: Luis Ángel González Macchi
- **birth place**: Asuncion, Paraguay
- **party**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party
- **vicepresident**: Luis María Argaña
- **signature**: Presidente Raul cubas grau Firma.jpg
Luis Ángel González Macchi

**Luis Ángel González Macchi** (born December 13, 1947) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.

On December 4, 2006, González Macchi was sentenced to eight years in prison for fraud and embezzlement. The sentence was appealed.

## Other websites

- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Luis Ángel González Macchi
- **image**: Gonzalez Macchi 2003.jpg
- **order**: 46th President of Paraguay
- **term start**: March 29, 1999
- **term end**: August 15, 2003
- **predecessor**: Raúl Cubas Grau
- **successor**: Nicanor Duarte
- **party**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party
- **vicepresident**: _None_ (Mar 1999 – Sep 2000; Oct 2002 – Aug 2003)
Julio César Franco (Sep 2000 – Oct 2002)
Nicanor Duarte

**Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos** (born 11 October 1956) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2003 to 2008.

Nicanor Duarte announced his resignation as president, in order to assume a position as Senator on 1 July 2008. He presented his resignation on 23 June 2008 to the President of the Congress of Paraguay, Senator Miguel Abdón Saguier.

## Other websites

- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Nicanor Duarte
- **image**: Nicanor Duarte Frutos in 2006 (cropped).jpg
- **order1**: 47th President of Paraguay
- **vicepresident1**: Francisco Oviedo
- **term start1**: 15 August 2003
- **term end1**: 15 August 2008
- **predecessor1**: Luis Ángel González Macchi
- **successor1**: Fernando Lugo
- **order2**: Senate of Paraguay, Senator of Paraguay
- **term start2**: 26 August 2008
- **term end2**: 28 August 2008
- **predecessor2**: Jorge Cespedes
- **successor2**: Jorge Cespedes
- **order3**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), President of the ANR-Colorado Party
- **term start3**: 2001
- **term end3**: 2004
- **order4**: Government of Paraguay, Minister of Education and Culture
- **term start4**: 1993
- **term end4**: 1997
- **birth name**: Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos
- **birth place**: Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
- **spouse**: María Gloria Penayo Solaeche
- **party**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), ANR-PC
Fernando Lugo

**Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez** (; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. He was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005.

In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process, which some people believed it was a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections.

In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.

## Related pages

- List of scientists from South America

## Other websites

- Fernando Lugo profile at CatholicHierarchy website
- 27 February 2007 New York Times article on Lugo's possible candidacy
- 22 February 2007 article on Lugo from Worldpress.org
- 30 December 2006 Daily (Maybe) blog on background to Lugo's presidential bid
- Lugo Wins Election at AP
- 18 April 2008 article on Lugo and Paraguay elections from The Christian Science Monitor
- "Rise of the Red Bishop", _The Guardian Weekly_, 14 August 2008
- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fernando Lugo
- **image**: Fernando-Lugo--w.jpg
- **caption**: Fernando Lugo in 2008
- **signature**: Firma de Fernando Lugo.png
- **party**: Patriotic Alliance for Change <small>(2007–2010)</small>
Guasú Front, Frente Guasú <small>(2010– )</small>
- **office**: List of Presidents of the Senate of Paraguay, President of the Senate of Paraguay
- **predecessor**: Roberto Ramón
- **office1**: 48th President of Paraguay
- **predecessor1**: Nicanor Duarte
- **successor1**: Federico Franco
- **vicepresident1**: Federico Franco
- **office2**: President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations
- **predecessor2**: Bharrat Jagdeo
- **successor2**: Ollanta Humala
- **office3**: Senate of Paraguay, Senator of Paraguay
- **birth name**: Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez
- **birth place**: San Solano, Paraguay
- **alma mater**: Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Catholic University of Our Lady of Asuncion
 Pontifical Gregorian University
- **term start**: 30 June 2017
- **term start1**: 15 August 2008
- **term end1**: 22 June 2012
- **term start2**: 29 October 2011
- **term end2**: 22 June 2012
- **office4**: Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pedro, San Pedro
- **term start4**: 5 March 1994
- **term end4**: 11 January 2005
- **term start3**: 30 June 2013
- **appointer4**: Pope John Paul II
- **successor4**: Oscar Páez Garcete
- **predecessor4**: Adalberto Martínez Flores
Federico Franco

**Luis Federico Franco Gómez** (born 24 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from June 2012 until August 2013. He is a member of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA). He was elected as Vice President of Paraguay in the 2008 presidential election as the running mate of Fernando Lugo. He started as president in August 2008.

Following Lugo's impeachment by the Senate on 22 June 2012, he replaced Lugo as President and was president until 15 August 2013, which was the end of period Lugo was elected for.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Federico Franco
- **image**: Federico Franco Paraguay.jpg
- **office**: 49th President of Paraguay
- **vicepresident**: Óscar Denis
- **term start**: 22 June 2012
- **term end**: 15 August 2013
- **predecessor**: Fernando Lugo
- **successor**: Horacio Cartes
- **office1**: Vice President of Paraguay
- **president1**: Fernando Lugo
- **term start1**: 15 August 2008
- **term end1**: 22 June 2012
- **predecessor1**: Francisco Oviedo
- **successor1**: Óscar Denis
- **birthname**: Luis Federico Franco Gómez
- **birth place**: Asunción, Paraguay
- **party**: Authentic Radical Liberal Party
- **otherparty**: Patriotic Alliance for Change (2007–10)
- **alma mater**: Universidad Nacional de Asunción, National University of Asuncion
President of Uruguay

The **President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay** () is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. The President of the Republic is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces. The President is elected direct popular election for a term of five years.  He may be reelected any number of times, but is ineligible for immediate reelection.

Since 1990, the President's term has begun and ended on March 1. The current President is Yamandú Orsi.

## Other websites

- Politics Data Bank at the Social Sciences School – Universidad de la República (Uruguay)

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: the
Oriental Republic of Uruguay
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of Uruguay
- **residence**: Residencia de Suarez
- **termlength**: Five years, not renewable immediately
- **appointer**: Uruguayan general election, 2009, Popular election
- **style**: Mr. President (title), Mr. President

Most Excellent Mr. President of the Republic

His Excellency#Spain, Excellency

- **image**: Foto Oficial Presidente Luis Lacalle Pou (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: Luis Lacalle Pou
- **incumbentsince**: 1 March 2025
- **formation**: 6 November 1830
- **deputy**: Vice President of Uruguay
- **inaugural**: Luis Eduardo Pérez
- **website**: [http://www.presidencia.gub.uy presidencia.gub.uy]
Luis Alberto Lacalle

**Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera**, GCMG, (, known as **Cuqui** (born July 13, 1941) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.

In August 1978 Lacalle was sent three bottles of wine tainted with poison  The case remains unsolved.

His son is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, the 42nd President.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Luis Alberto Lacalle
- **image**: Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Luis Alberto Lacalle in 2014.
- **order**: List of Presidents of Uruguay, 36th
- **office**: President of Uruguay
- **term start**: March 1, 1990
- **term end**: March 1, 1995
- **predecessor**: Julio María Sanguinetti
- **successor**: Julio María Sanguinetti
- **office2**: National Party (Uruguay), Chairman of the National Party
- **term start2**: August 17, 2009
- **term end2**: June 11, 2011
- **predecessor2**: Carlos Julio Pereyra
- **successor2**: Luis Alberto Heber
- **term start3**: April 25, 1999
- **term end3**: June 27, 2004
- **predecessor3**: Alberto Volonté
- **successor3**: Jorge Larrañaga
- **birth place**: Montevideo, Uruguay
- **nationality**: Uruguayan
- **alma mater**: University of the Republic (Uruguay), University of the Republic
- **parents**: Carlos Lacalle
Maria Hortensia de Herrera Uriarte
- **spouse**: Julia Pou
- **relations**: Luis Alberto de Herrera
Margarita Uriarte
- **children**: Pilar
 Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, Luis Alberto
 Juan José
 Manuel
- **party**: National Party (Uruguay), National Party
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **vicepresident**: Gonzalo Aguirre
- **signature**: Lacalle signature.svg
Aquatic locomotion

**Aquatic locomotion** is animals and other organisms moving through water. The surface of the world is mostly covered with water, and all major animal phyla started life in the water.

The earliest fossils we have are those of stromatolites, which are mat-like structures formed by photosynthetic bacteria in the sea. Even animals which evolved on land have often returned to the water, even though they usually continue to breath air. There are aquatic insects, reptiles, mammals and birds.

We don't quite know when the first animals and plants evolved, but some guesstimates have been made. Acritarchs are present from about 3200 to 1400 million years ago to the present. That's a wide time-range which means we cannot be sure when they evolved. They seem to have been grazed (eaten) by some early forms of life. Probably some kind of protist developed using existing life forms as food.

Locomotion is needed to find the right place in the seas, and to eat and avoid being eaten. All advanced forms of life, and many primitive forms of life, use locomotion.

### Microorganisms

The simplest propulsive systems evolved in microorganisms. Cilia and flagella are used.

Swimming has evolved a number of times in more complex life-forms. Examples include arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Ciliates have hundreds or thousands of small flagella called cilia to move through the water. Certain organisms such as bacteria and animal sperm have a flagellum to move in liquid environments.

### Invertebrates

All aquatic invertebrates swim at some stage in their lives, and many swim for their entire life. All jellyfish swim by pulsing their cup-shaped bodies. Crustaceans swim with their legs. Some molluscs swim all their lives, some only as larvae.

Squid and octopods swim quite vigorously by 'jet propulsion'. They squirt water out to move.

There are a very large number of insects which are aquatic as larvae or adults. Almost all use their legs for swimming. They are air-breathing, and carry air with them as they swim. The air they get from the surface of the water, and take it down with them. Usually, the air is trapped among dense hairs on their surfaces. 13 orders of insects have aquatic stages, including all mayflies and dragonflies, and many beetles, bugs, and flies.

### Vertebrates

[to come]
Church of North India

The **Church of North India** (CNI) is a major Protestant denomination in northern India. It is a united church established on 29 November 1970 by bringing together the main Protestant churches working in northern India; it is a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is one of the three successors of the Church of England in South Asia, the others being the Church of Pakistan and the Church of South India. The merger resulted from discussions begun in 1929; it came eventually between the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the United Church of Northern India (Congregationalist and Presbyterian), the Baptist Churches of Northern India (British Baptists), the Church of the Brethren in India, which withdrew in 2006, the Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences) and the Disciples of Christ denominations.

The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of the Republic of India with the exception of the four states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and has approximately 1,250,000 members (0.1% of India's population) in 3,000 pastorates.
Toronto International Film Festival

The **Toronto International Film Festival** (or **TIFF**) is the largest movie festival of Canada and a major international movie festival. It attracts over 480,000 people annually. It was founded in 1976 and is held in Toronto.

In 2007, the _Time_ magazine noted that TIFF had "grown from its place as the most influential fall film festival to the most influential film festival, period.

The festival's People's Choice Award has been an indicator of success in the awards season. Past movies include Academy Award winners, such as _Slumdog Millionaire_, _The King's Speech_, _La La Land_, _12 Years a Slave_ and _Silver Linings Playbook_.

## Notable movie premieres

Movies such as _American Beauty_, _Ray_ and _Black Swan_ have premiered at the TIFF.
Fred Hubbell

**Frederick Shelton Hubbell** (born April 25, 1951) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Iowa in the 2018 Governors' election.

Before running for office, Hubbell was the chairman of the Younkers department stores in the 1980s. He was also President of Equitable of Iowa.

On July 17, 2017, Hubbell declared his candidacy for the Governor of Iowa. On November 14, 2017, the Iowa Starting Line released a poll showing Fred Hubbell leading the Democratic primary.

Hubbell got 55% of the vote in the Democratic primary to become the party's nominee for Governor of Iowa. However, he lost the general election to Kim Reynolds.

Fred Hubbell was born in Des Moines, Iowa.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Fred Hubbell
- **image**: Fred Hubbell (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Des Moines, Iowa, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Charlotte Hubbell
- **children**: 3
- **education**: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
University of Iowa
Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho

The **Late May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho** was a weather event in the United States from May 30-31, 1998. It affected the northern half of the country and southern Ontario, from Montana to the Mid-Atlantic states.

### Spencer, South Dakota tornado

The first reports of severe weather were from Montana around 12:30 p.m. MDT. The tornado struck Spencer, South Dakota around 8:37 p.m. CDT. The Spencer tornado was an F4. Six people were killed in this tornado.

### Derecho event (May 30-31)

The same storm that produced the Spencer, South Dakota tornado turned into a derecho affecting Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and New York. The derecho killed another 6 people.

### New York and Pennyslvania tornadoes (May 31)

On May 31, tornadoes broke out across Pennyslvania and New York, this being the most destructive to sweep across the two states since the 1985 United States-Canada tornado outbreak.
Carmen Campagne

**Carmen Campagne**  (September 8, 1959 – July 4, 2018) was a Canadian singer and children's entertainer. She, along with Connie Kaldor, received a Juno Award at the 1989 in the category Best Children's Album for _Lullaby Berceuse_. She was born in Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan.

In 2013, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions as a singer, songwriter and composer enhancing music for young children and using music in French-language education".

Campagne died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 on July 4, 2018, in Willow Bunch.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Carmen Campagne
- **birth date**: 8 September 1959
- **honorific prefix**: CM
- **occupations**: Musician, Entertainer
- **image**: Carmen Campagne au parc de l'île-Lebel Repentigny.jpg
- **img capt**: Campagne in July 2017
Ernst W. Hamburger

**Ernst Wolfgang Hamburger**  (8 June 1933 — 4 July 2018) was a German-born Brazilian physicist. Hamburger was known for his activities regarding public understanding of science. He was the director of Estação Ciência, an interactive science museum in São Paulo. He won the UNESCO Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science, the José Reis Award for the Divulgation of Science, the medal of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit, and was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Hamburger was born in Berlin and died on 4 July 2018, in São Paulo, of lymphoma at the age of 85.