juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Big Brother Canada

***Big Brother*** is a Canadian reality television show. The show follows a group of people known as "HouseGuests". They are not allowed to contact anyone from outside the _Big Brother_ house. They are under constant surveillance of cameras and microphones. They live in the house for a chance to win $100,000. Each week the HouseGuests will vote to evict one of the two nominees from the house until two remain. The winner is decided by the last seven evicted HouseGuests, known as the _Big Brother_ Jury.

The show is based on the original Dutch language show _Big Brother_, which was created in 1997 by John de Mol. The Canadian show is produced by Endemol USA and Insight Productions. Insight Productions had produced other Canadian versions of the popular television shows, _Canadian Idol_ and _Canada's Got Talent_.

In January 2013, Arisa Cox was named as the show's host. The first season aired on February 27, 2013 on Slice. On June 5, 2013, the show announced that it will return for a second season. The winner of the first season was Jillian MacLaughlin. The winner of the first season was Jillian MacLaughlin.

On June 27, 2024, it was announced that the series was cancelled.

## Season details

|Season|HouseGuests|Days|Winner|Runner-up|Finale vote|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Big Brother 1**|15|71|Jillian MacLaughlin|Gary Levy|4-3|The first Canadian edition of Big Brother featured a total of fifteen HouseGuests competing to win the $100,000 grand prize.|
|**Big Brother 2**|||Jon Pardy|Sabrina Abbate|6-1||

### _Big Brother 1_

During the final vote Topaz Brady voted for Jillian McLaughlin instead of Gary Levy. She said that she mistakenly voted for Jillian. Topaz pleaded with show producers to allow her vote be changed. However, because of the rules she was not allowed to do so. Topaz's vote for Jillian helped her win _Big Brother_. Gary was runner-up and said that he is happy for Jillian.

## Related pages

- _Big Brother (TV series)_
- _Big Brother (U.S.)_

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official twitter feed
Big Brother Canada (season 2)

***Big Brother 2*** is the upcoming second season of the Canadian reality television game show _Big Brother_. It will begin airing on Slice in 2014. The second season was announced on June 5, 2013.

## Pre-season

Casting for _Big Brother 2_ will begin soon.

## Other websites

- Slice official site
Western (genre)

The **Western** is a genre of fiction. Western movies often include cowboys. The culture shown in westerns came from Texas, because then people living in the cattle industry began to thrive on the plains of Texas.  Westerns tell stories that are set mostly in the second half of the 19th century in the American Old West, hence the name.  There are also stories about Western-type characters set in other times.  These include _Junior Bonner_ (set in the 1970s) and _The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada_ (set in the 21st century).

The genre has been popular since the beginning of the movie industry. One of the very first commercial movies was the 1903 silent western, _The Great Train Robbery_.

## Examples

There are Western movies, television programs, books, and other things. Here are some examples:

- _Riders of the Purple Sage_ (1912), a book by Zane Grey;
- _The Searchers_ (1956), a movie directed by John Ford;
- _Once Upon a Time in the West_ (1968), a movie directed by Sergio Leone;
- _Gunsmoke_ (1955 to 1975), a television series created by John Meston;
- _Red Dead Redemption_ (2010), a video game made by Rockstar San Diego.

## Related pages

- Spaghetti Western
Moratuwa

**Moratuwa** is a large suburb of the city of Colombo, in Sri Lanka. It is 18 km south of the city centre. Moratuwa is surrounded on three sides by water, except in the north of the city, by the Indian Ocean on the west and the Bolgoda lake on the east. The 2001 census recorded a population of 177,190.

The University of Moratuwa is in the suburb. There is also a public library on Galle Road, which was opened in 1987. It was built using the funds raised by Moratuwa Municipal Council to the amount of Rupees 50 Lakhs and 15 laks by the Japanese Organization "World Expansion conservative". The library was built according to Japanese architecture.

## Other websites

- Puran Appu
- Moratuwa City Details

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Moratuwa
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: suburb
- **map caption**: Location of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka
- **pushpin map**: Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Western Province, Sri Lanka, Western Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Sri Lanka, District
- **subdivision name2**: Colombo District
- **established title**: Established
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population total**: 177,190
- **timezone**: Time in Sri Lanka, SLT
- **utc offset**: +5:30
- **elevation m**: 28
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 10400
Sylwia Grzeszczak

**Sylwia Karolina Grzeszczak** (born 7 April 1989) is a singer-songwriter and pianist from Poland.

## Singles

|rowspan=2 width=180px|Single|rowspan=2 width=30px|Year|colspan=3|Peak chart positions|rowspan=2|Album||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(Sylwia Grzeszczak & Liber)</small>|rowspan=2|2008|—|2|—|rowspan=4|_Ona i On_|
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(Sylwia Grzeszczak & Liber)</small>|—|1|—|||||
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(Sylwia Grzeszczak & Liber)</small>|rowspan=2|2009|—|1|—|||
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(Sylwia Grzeszczak & Liber)</small>|—|—|—|||||
|style="text-align:left;"|""|rowspan=2|2011|1|1|1|rowspan=3|__|
|style="text-align:left;"|""|1|1|1|||||
|style="text-align:left;"|""|2012|2|1|1||||
|style="text-align:left;"|"Flirt"|rowspan="2"|2013|3|—|—|rowspan="2"|__|
|style="text-align:left;"|""||||||||

### As featured artist

|width=180px|Single|width=30px|Year|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(as part of VIVA and friends)</small>|rowspan=2|2010|
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(as part of Drużyna Szpiku)</small>|||
|style="text-align:left;"|"" <small>(as part of Team and friends)</small>|2011||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sylwia Grzeszczak
- **image**: Sylwia Grzeszczak (Polish singer) 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Sylwia Grzeszczak in 2018
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Sylwia Grzeszczak
- **birth place**: Poznań, Poland
- **instrument**: vocals, piano
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **label**: GORGO
EMI Music, EMI Music Poland
- **associated acts**: Liber
Thabo Mbeki

**Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki**
(born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician. He served nine years as the second President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008.

On 9 July 2002, he became the first chairperson of African Union. On 20 September 2008, with about nine months left in his second term, Mbeki announced his resignation after being recalled by the African National Congress's National Executive Committee. That was after a meeting by Judge Nicholson for corruption.

Mbeki was born on 18 June 1942 in Mbewuleni, Cape Province, Union of South Africa. He studied economics at the University of London and at the University of Sussex. Mbeki married his wife Zanele Dlamini at Farnham Castle in the United Kingdom in 1974.

## Other websites

- South African Government profile on Thabo Mbeki
- Mbeki: ANC official page  His party's collection of Mbeki documents, biography and portrait.
- "Thabo Mbeki – a man of two faces" "The Economist" magazine profiles Mbeki. pay/member link
- The Guardian Profile  The Guardian (UK) profiles Mbeki.
- A critical Zimbabwean view.  Editorial comment from Zimbabwean website.
- AFP Profile  Thabo Mbeki as seen by Agence France-Presse.
- "Today it feels good to be an African"  – Thabo Mbeki, Cape Town, 8 May 1996
- http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mbeki/  The Mbeki page

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Thabo Mbeki
- **honorific-suffix**: Venerable Order of Saint John, KStJ Order of the Bath, GCB Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG Order of Excellence (Jamaica), OE
- **image**: SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01.jpg
- **alt**: Portrait of Thabo Mbeki
- **order**: 2nd
- **office**: President of South Africa
- **deputy**: Jacob Zuma
Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
- **term start**: 16 June 1999
- **term end**: 24 September 2008
- **predecessor**: Nelson Mandela
- **successor**: Kgalema Motlanthe
- **office2**: Deputy President of South Africa
- **term start2**: 10 May 1994
- **term end2**: 14 June 1999
- **president2**: Nelson Mandela
- **predecessor2**: Deputy President of South Africa, Office Created
Alwyn Schlebusch
(Vice President 1981-1984)
- **successor2**: Jacob Zuma
- **office3**: Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office, 1st Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office
- **term start3**: 12 November, 1999
- **term end3**: 2 March, 2002
- **predecessor3**: _Position Established_
- **successor3**: John Howard
- **birth place**: Mbewuleni, Cape Province, Union of South Africa
- **nationality**: South African
- **party**: African National Congress
- **spouse**: Zanele Dlamini
- **children**: Monwabise Kwanda
- **alma mater**: University of London
University of Sussex
- **signature**: Thabo Mbeki Signature.svg
- **signature alt**: Signature of Thabo Mbeki
Kgalema Motlanthe

**Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe** (born 19 July 1949) is a South African politician who was President of South Africa between 25 September 2008 and 9 May 2009. This happened following the resignation of Thabo Mbeki. After the end of his presidency, Motlanthe was appointed as the Deputy President of South Africa by his successor, current South African president Jacob Zuma. In March 2014, he announced his resignation to become a dean at ANC.

Motlanthe was born on 19 July 1949 in Boksburg, Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa.

## Other websites

- Official profile at the presidency site
- "ANC Policy won't change"
- Who is Kgalema Motlanthe?
- Kgalema Motlanthe  at Who's Who Southern Africa
- http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/kgalema-petrus-motlanthe at South African History Online

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Kgalema Motlanthe
- **image**: Kgalema Motlanthe at the 12th AU Summit (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Deputy President of South Africa
- **president**: Jacob Zuma
- **term start**: 9 May 2009
- **term end**: 25 May 2014
- **predecessor**: Baleka Mbete
- **successor**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **order2**: 3rd
- **office2**: President of South Africa
- **deputy2**: Baleka Mbete
- **term start2**: 25 September 2008
- **term end2**: 9 May 2009
- **predecessor2**: Thabo Mbeki
- **successor2**: Jacob Zuma
- **office3**: Deputy President of the African National Congress
- **term start3**: 18 December 2007
- **term end3**: 18 December 2012
- **predecessor3**: Jacob Zuma
- **successor3**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **office4**: Secretary-General of the African National Congress
- **term start4**: 1997
- **term end4**: 2007
- **predecessor4**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **successor4**: Gwede Mantashe
- **birthname**: Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe
- **birth place**: Boksburg, Transvaal Province, Union of South Africa
- **nationality**: South African
- **party**: African National Congress
- **spouse**: Mapula Motlanthe <small>(1976–2010)</small>
 Gugu Mtshali <small>(engaged)</small>
- **children**: Kagiso
 Kgomotso
Pike (weapon)

- _This article is about the weapon. For the fish, see Pike._

A **pike** is a kind of polearm. It is a very long heavy thrusting spear formerly used by infantry. A pike is not intended to be thrown. Pikes were used regularly in European warfare starting in the early Middle Ages. Until around 1700 pikes were used by foot soldiers in close order formations.

The pike was a long weapon that got longer over time. It could be as long as 20 feet (6 m). It had a wooden shaft with an iron or steel spearhead. It had metal along the sides for three feet (1m) behind the tip so it would not be cut off by a sword or axe.

When many pikes were used together they allowed for a great concentration of spearheads an enemy would have great difficulty getting through.  The length also kept the soldier at a greater distance from the enemy.  But the length also made pikes difficult to use in close combat. Pikemen were usually arranged in a very tight formation several lines deep. The earliest of these were called a phalanx formation. It was used by the Macedonians under Philip II of Macedon. It was used by the armies of the Pharoahs in ancient Egypt. It was later used by the Swiss pike columns but this formation was probably based on the Scottish Schildrons. The armies of William Wallace and Robert the Bruce used it to great success against the heavy cavalry of kings Edward I of England and his son Edward II of England.
Doctor Who (series 6)

The **sixth series** of the television programme ***Doctor Who*** was shown in two parts. The first seven episodes were broadcast from April to June 2011, and the final six episodes from August to October. The series began with the episode "The Impossible Astronaut" and ended with "The Wedding of River Song". The main series was preceded by "A Christmas Carol", a special episode shown at Christmas in 2010. This was the sixth season to be shown on television since the programme was revived in 2005. It is the thirty-second season overall.

The series stars Matt Smith as the eleventh Doctor. The Doctor is an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS. It also stars Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill as his companions, newlyweds Amy Pond and Rory Williams. Alex Kingston also returns as River Song, a woman from the Doctor's future who is revealed throughout the series to be Amy and Rory's daughter. The series continues some of the storylines from the fifth series.

## Episodes

1. The Impossible Astronaut
1. Day of the Moon
1. The Curse of the black spot
1. The Doctor's wife
1. The Rebel Flesh
1. The Almost People
1. A Good Man goes to war
1. Let's Kill Hitler
1. Night Terrors
1. The girl who waited
1. The god complex
1. Closing time
1. The Wedding of River Song

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 6
- **bgcolour**: #72A0C1
- **image upright**: 0.9
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **num stories**: 11
- **num episodes**: 13 (+1 supplemental)
- **network**: BBC One
- **episode list**: List of Doctor Who episodes (2005–present)
Timex Social Club

**Timex Social Club** was an American contemporary R&B group. It formed in 1982 in Berkeley, California. The group had several hit pop songs in the 1980s. The most notable one was "Rumors" in 1986. The group were forerunners of new jack swing movements that began during the mid 1980s.
Dental caries

The term **dental caries** refers to tooth decay or cavities in teeth. The decay comes from normal bacteria in your mouth. When you eat sugar, these bacteria create acid which create cavities in your teeth.  Dental caries usually lead to substandard breath and bad taste. Personal hygiene caring consists of brushing,establishing good pH level by eating dairy products like yogurt,cheese,etc. and flossing daily.

After the enamel, the strong outer layer of your teeth, and the dentin are destroyed, the cavity reaches the dental pulp and nerves of the tooth, the tooth becomes sensitive since the nerves are exposed. Cavity may infect the jaw and sometimes cause a tooth abscess. This is very painful!

If carbohydrates (sugar) remain in your mouth for enough time, caries-causing bacteria may form a biofilm called plaque on the tooth surface and attack the tooth.
Tichina Arnold

**Tichina Arnold** (born June 28, 1969) is an American actress, singer and model who stars primarily in television programs. She played Pamela James in the sitcom _Martin_, Rochelle in the television series _Everybody Hates Chris_ and Tina Butler in the CBS television sitcom _The Neighborhood_. Tichina was born in Queens, New York.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Tichina arnold 2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **name**: Tichina Arnold
- **caption**: Arnold talks with a fan at Yokota Air Base, Japan, March 24, 2008
- **birth name**: Tichina Rolanda Arnold
- **birth place**: Queens, New York, United States, USA
- **yearsactive**: 1983–present
- **spouse**: Lamon Brewster (1992-1995) (divorced) Rico Hines (2012-present)
- **partner**: Carvin Haggins, 1 child
- **occupation**: Actress, Singer
Times Square Ball

The **Times Square Ball** is a time ball (a ball dropped at a certain time) at the top of the One Times Square building in Times Square in New York City. It is used as part of the New Year's Eve celebration held yearly in Times Square.
Every year at 11:59 p.m. EST, the ball is lowered 141 feet (43 m) from a flagpole, reaching the bottom at midnight to signal the start of a new year. The first ball drop took place on December 31, 1907. It has been dropped every year since then (except in 1942 and 1943 because of World War II). The ball's design has been changed many times over the years. The current design has LED lighting and triangle-shaped crystal panels. Starting in 2009, the ball is shown in One Times Square throughout the year.

The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year's Eve celebrations in the world. Over one million people come to Times Square every year to see the ball drop. The ball drop is shown on several major television networks. The best known is ABC, which broadcasts _Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve_, hosted by Dick Clark until his death in 2012. Ryan Seacrest has hosted the show since 2005-06. In 1904 they organized an New Years Eve party at Times Square without the ball.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Times Square New Year's Eve website
Emily VanCamp

**Emily VanCamp** (born May 12, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She is most known for her roles in the WB series _Everwood_ as Amy Abbott, as Rebecca Harper in the ABC series _Brothers & Sisters_, and as Emily Thorne/Amanda Clarke in the ABC series _Revenge_.

She was born in  Port Perry, Ontario, Canada.  She began dancing at the age of 3, and she attended at the École supérieure de ballet du Québec in Montreal.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emily VanCamp
- **image**: Emily VanCamp by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: VanCamp in 2013
- **birth name**: Emily Irene VanCamp
- **birth place**: Port Perry, Ontario, Canada
- **education**: École supérieure de ballet du Québec
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1999–present
Buzz Lightyear

**Buzz Lightyear** is one of the main characters in the _Toy Story_ movies. He is the second main character in _Toy Story_ and _Toy Story 3_,
the third main character in _Toy Story 2_, the fourth main character in _Toy Story 4_, and the main character in _Lightyear_ as well as the spin-off animated movie _Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins_ and the television show based on it, called _Buzz Lightyear of Star Command_. He is a fictional space ranger officer. The character was named after the astronaut Buzz Aldrin. He is known for his valor in the Battle of the Bulge.

He is voiced by actor Tim Allen in the films, _Toy Story Toons_, _Toy Story Racer_, _Toy Story 2: The Video Game_, commercials and in _Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins_. Patrick Warburton voiced Buzz for the TV series, and Pat Fraley voiced him for a few video games and the attractions in Disney Parks. Mike MacRae currently voices Buzz in various Disney and Pixar video games. Buzz Lightyear is voiced by Chris Evans in Lightyear (movie).

### Movies

- _Toy Story_ (1995)
- _Toy Story 2_ (1999)
- _Toy Story 3_ (2010)
- _Toy Story 4_ (2019)

### Spin-off movies

- _Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins_ (2000)
- _Lightyear_ (2022)

## Infobox (character)

- **color**: #006600
- **name**: Buzz Lightyear
- **series**: Toy Story (series), _Toy Story_
- **first**: _Toy Story_ (1995)
- **creator**: John Lasseter
Pete Docter
Andrew Stanton
Joe Ranft
- **voice**: Tim Allen <small>(films, _Toy Story Toons_, and commercials)</small>
Pat Fraley <small>(merchandise, _Toy Story Treats_, and attractions)</small>
Patrick Warburton <small>(_Buzz Lightyear of Star Command_)</small>
Mike MacRae <small>(video games)</small>
Corey Burton <small>(_Disney on Ice: Toy Story 3_)</small>
Stephen Stanton <small>(_MAD (TV series), MAD_)</small>
Javier Fernandez-Peña <small>(Spanish Buzz)</small>
 Teddy Newton <small>(mini counterpart)</small>
Chris Evans <small>(2022 movie)</small>
- **species**: Spaceman action figure (_Toy Story_, _Toy Story 2_, _Toy Story 3_ and _Toy Story 4_)
Alien (_Buzz Lightyear of Star Command_)
Human (_Lightyear_)
- **gender**: Male
- **title**: Space Ranger
- **lbl21**: Hair color
- **data21**: Purple
- **occupation**: Toy
- **significantother**: Jessie (Toy Story), Jessie
Ion Predescu

**Ion Predescu** (2 October 1927 – 12 October 2020) was a Romanian lawyer and politician. From 2004 to 2013, he was a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. Between 1982 and 1986, he studied at The Law University at Bucharest. He was also a member of the Senate between 1990 to 2004.

Predescu died on 12 October 2020, at the age of 93.
Western saloon

A **Western saloon** is a type of bar that was popular during the Old West.

The very first saloon was created in Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822 and served fur trappers. Some of the saloons offered dancing girls, some of them sometimes doubled as prostitutes. A lot of saloons offered poker, faro, brag, dice games, three-card monte, billiards, darts, and bowling. Some saloons included piano players, can-can girls, and theatrical skits. During his lifetime, Wyatt Earp owned and worked in many saloons.
Kaldor-Hicks efficiency

**Kaldor–Hicks efficiency**, named for Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks, also known as **Kaldor–Hicks criterion**, is a measure of economic efficiency. It captures some of the intuitive appeal of Pareto efficiency, but has less stringent criteria. For this reason, it is applicable more often. Under Kaldor–Hicks efficiency, an outcome is considered more efficient if a Pareto optimal outcome can be reached by arranging sufficient compensation from those that are made better off to those that are made worse off so that all would end up no worse off than before.
Inferior good

In economics, an **inferior good** is a good that decreases in demand when the income of the consumer rises. People with little income might buy bread in the supermarket, but when their income increases, they buy their bread in the bakery instead. They did not buy from the bakery before, because the bread in the bakery is more expensive than the bread in the supermarket.

Goods where the demand rises with the income are called _normal goods_.
Normal good

In economics, a **normal good** is a good whose consumption rises when the income increases. As an example, people who earn more money, might go to the cinema more often. Tickets for the cinema are therefore a normal good.

A good where the consumption decreases when the income increases is called _inferior_.
Marginal utility

**Marginal utility** is a concept from economics that describes the change in utility from consuming more or less of a good or service.  Economists sometimes speak of a **law of diminishing marginal utility**, meaning that consuming the first unit usually has a higher utility than every other unit. When the number of units that are consumed increases, their marginal utility decreases.

The more we have a commodity or a service, the less we want to have more of it.
Veblen good

In economics, a **Veblen good** is a good whose preference and consumption increases with its price. This is against the Law of supply and demand. The goods are named after Thorstein Veblen, who first described the effect of conspicuous consumption in 1899. Veblen goods are often also positional goods.
Kragujevac

**Kragujevac** (Serbian: Крагујевац, _Kragujevac_, ; Kragujevac was named after bird Kraguj) is a city in central Serbia. It is the fourth largest city in Serbia, main city of Šumadija and the administrative centre of Šumadija district. According to official results of 2011 census, the city is settled by 150,835 citizens, while area around the city is populated by 179,417 inhabitants.

Historically, Kragujevac was the first capital of free Serbia (from 1818 to 1839), and the first constitution ever proclaimed in Balkans was in this city on February 15, 1835 (state holiday).

In 1841, capital city of Serbia was changed from Kragujevac to Belgrade. Nowadays, Kragujevac is a big centre of automobile industry and weapons.

## Geography

City is located 220 meters (220 ft) above sea level, with coordinates +44 ° 22 '; +20 ° 56', and it is in the valley of Lepenica river. The urban area of the city covers 835 km<sup>2</sup> (322 sq mi), partially surrounded by mountains  Rudnik, Crni Vrh and Gledić. City is characterized by hilly, mountainous surface. Kragujevac has highly developed transport infrastructure.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, following population is there in Kragujevac:
|Ethnicity|Number|
| --- | --- |
|Serbs|172,052|
|Roma|1,482|
|Montenegrins|645|
|Macedonians|297|
|Croats|192|
|Yugoslavs|175|
|Gorani|101|
|Other|4,473|

## Other websites

- City of Kragujevac official website
- University of Kragujevac official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kragujevac
- **native name**: Крагујевац
- **settlement type**: City
- **image flag**: Flag of Kragujevac.png
- **image shield**: Kragujevac city Coat of Arms.jpg
- **image map**: Serbia_Kragujevac.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Location of Kragujevac within Serbia
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Districts of Serbia, District
- **subdivision name1**: Šumadija District, Šumadija
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Serbia, Municipalities
- **subdivision name2**: #Municipalities, 5
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Veroljub Stevanović
- **leader title1**: List of political parties in Serbia, Ruling parties
- **leader name1**: Together for Šumadija
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1476
- **area total km2**: 835
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 150,835
- **population urban**: 179,417
- **population density urban sq mi**: 215.87
- **population density urban km2**: 559.10
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 34000
- **area code**: (+381) 34
- **website**: [http://www.kragujevac.rs www.kragujevac.rs]
- **blank name**: Vehicle registration plates of Serbia, Car plates
- **blank info**: KG
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money

***The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money*** is the title of a book by John Maynard Keynes.  The book is  generally considered to be his masterpiece. It is largely credited with creating the terminology and shape of modern macroeconomics. Published in February 1936, it sought to bring about a revolution, commonly referred to as the "Keynesian Revolution", in the way economists thought – especially in relation to the proposition that a market economy tends naturally to restore itself to full employment after temporary shocks. Regarded widely as the cornerstone of Keynesian thought, the book challenged the established classical economics and introduced important concepts such as the consumption function, the multiplier, the marginal efficiency of capital, the principle of effective demand and liquidity preference.
Christmas tree (disambiguation)

A **Christmas tree** is a tree decorated for Christmas. It may also refer to:

- Christmas tree (oil well), an assembly of valves used in oil and gas extraction
- _The Christmas Tree_ (movie), a television movie from 1996
- _The Christmas Tree_ (novel), a book by Jennifer Johnston from 1981
- _Nuytsia floribunda_, a West Australian plant also known as the Christmas tree
- Lights used for starts in drag racing
- "O Christmas Tree", the English version of the song "O Tannenbaum"
Joan Caulfield

**Joan Caulfield** (June 1, 1922 - June 18, 1991) was an American former model and actress. She started acting during the early to mid 1940s. She was in the 1947 movie _The Unsuspected_. She appeared mostly on television in her later life, including _Murder, She Wrote_. Caulfield was born in New Jersey. She later moved to Los Angeles. She died from cancer of unknown primary origin at age sixty-nine.
Priscilla Lane

**Priscilla Lane** (June 12, 1915 - April 4, 1995) was an American actress. She acted mostly in movies. She played a heroine in _The Roaring Twenties_ (1939). She played a bride in the movie _Arsenic and Old Lace_.

Lane was born in Indianola, Iowa.
The Emotions

**The Emotions** is an all female American R&B group who are well known for their hit single "Best of My Love". This group is from Chicago. It was formed around 1968. It was very popular in the 1970s. Its music has been sampled by several musicians and recording artists.
Cheryl Lynn

**Cheryl Lynn** (11 March 1957) is an American R&B, disco and pop singer who was most popular in the late 1970s to early 1980s. She is famous for her popular singles "Got to be Real" and "Encore". Cheryl Lynn was born in Los Angeles.
Z3

The **Z3** was an electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer.  The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, with a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code and data were stored on punched film.

The Z3 was completed in Berlin in 1941. The German Aircraft Research Institute used it to perform statistical analyses of wing flutter.  Zuse asked the German government for funding to replace the relays with fully electronic switches, but funding was denied during World War II since such development was deemed "not war-important".  The original Z3 was destroyed in 1943 during an Allied bombardment of Berlin. A fully functioning replica was built in the 1960s by Zuse's company, Zuse KG, and is on permanent display in the Deutsches Museum. The Z3 was Turing-complete.

Because of this machine and its predecessors, Konrad Zuse is often regarded as the _inventor of the computer_.
Barnum's American Museum

**Barnum's American Museum** was a museum in New York City at Broadway and Ann Street. It was a collection of natural history curios originally stored in City Hall at the end of the 18th century.

John Scudder acquired the collection and opened the museum about 1800.   P. T. Barnum bought the museum about 1830 and replaced the tired displays with more exciting live fare such as General Tom Thumb, Commodore Nutt, and the "Siamese Twins", Chang and Eng.

In 1865, the building was destroyed in a fire. Barnum rebuilt at another location, but that building burned to the ground in 1868. The museum never reopened.

## Other websites

- The Lost Museum
Amniocentesis

**Amniocentesis** is the name of a medical test. It is often performed when screening babies.

The test consist of taking a little amniotic fluid and testing it. Fluid which contains tissue of the embryo or fetus allows the specialist doctor (such as radiologist) to determine the sex of the baby. The test is also used to find birth defects.

## Related pages

- Pregnancy test
- Birth defect
- Ultrasound and 3D ultrasound
Karyn Parsons

**Karyn Parsons Rockwell** (born October 8, 1966) is an American actress, author and model. She performs in television and movies. She was in _Class Act_ in 1992. She also had the role of Hilary Banks in the NBC sitcom _The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air_. and as Margot Hines in the short lived sitcom _Lush Life_. She is also an author of a series of Children's books.  Parsons was born and raised in Los Angeles, California.
Keds

**Keds** is an American brand of canvas shoe. It has rubber soles.  It was established around 1916. The shoes became very popular from the 1960s to the 1980s. They waned in popularity in the 1990s. They became very popular again in the 2000s and 2010s. Keds usually manufactures sneakers. The shoes were worn by participants of Kids Incorporated and on other television shows.
Schlieffen Plan

The **Schlieffen Plan** was a strategic plan made by Graf Alfred von Schlieffen (28 February 1833, Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, German Confederation - 4 January 1913, Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia, German Empire) who worked for the German Navy.

Schlieffen worked for the Prussian Army from 1853 to 1871 and fought the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871 during the Unification of Germany . He later worked for the Imperial German Army from 1871 to 1906 and was its chief from 1891 to 1906, when he retired

Made for the German Army in 1905, the plan was designed for a war between France against the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). The Triple Alliance would invade France through Belgium, instead of directly attacking it. With help from its allies, Germany would have just enough men to beat France in a few months.

World War I started in August 1914 in Germany, whose officers and tactic leaders dug up the plan that Schlieffen had made since they thought that the plan would work as in his hypothetical war. However, the plan failed because it was outdated, and things had greatly changed in the meantime.

Even though he did not have enough men to beat France, Schlieffen's replacement, Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, still attacked France through Belgium because he thought that attacking was always better than defending. Moltke was sure that was proved by the Russo-Japanese War since because Japan always attacked and won the war against Russia.

Schlieffen believed that defending was usually better than attacking since he though that a defender's men can ride trains to a place faster than an attacker's men can walk there. That meant that the defender would always have enough men to stop the attacker. Schlieffen also thought that trenches, machine guns, and barbed wire would greatly help the defender. Schlieffen was right since during the war, defending was always better until an attacker used a lost of artillery to help its infantry.

A similar idea to the Schlieffen Plan was used by Adolf Hitler's generals Erich von Manstein and Heinz Guderian during World War II. Germany invaded France by attacking Belgium and the Netherlands. Because in the Schlieffen Plan, Germany had attacked mostly through northern Belgium, France thought that Germany would do the same again. France put most of its soldiers in northern Belgium, but Germany invaded mostly through southern The Belgium. German troops marched to the sea and trapped half of the French Army in northern Belgium. Because the trapped French troops were starving and could not get any more food, they surrendered. France tried to continue fighting but was too weak to resist and signed an armistice.
Melissa Sue Anderson

**Melissa Sue Anderson** (born September 26, 1962) is an American actress. She performs in television series and movies. In _Little House on the Prairie_, she played Mary Ingalls. In the cult classic horror movie _Happy Birthday to Me_, she played Ginny. Anderson was born in Berkeley, California.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Melissa Sue Anderson
- **image**: 1974 Melissa Sue Anderson Little House on the Prairie.jpg
- **caption**: Anderson as Mary Ingalls in
_Little House on the Prairie_, 1974
- **birth place**: Berkeley, California, Berkeley, California, U.S.
- **citizenship**: American, Canadians, Canadian
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **children**: 2
Mika Boorem

**Mika Sue Boorem** (born August 18, 1987) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She was in _Carolina_ (2003) and _Blue Crush_ in 2002.

Boorem was born in Tucson, Arizona.
Danielle Brisebois

**Danielle Brisebois** (born June 28, 1969) is an American record producer, singer and actress who acted mostly in sitcoms.

## Life

Danielle was born in Brooklyn, New York.
She played Stephanie Mills in both _All in the Family_ and _Archie Bunker's Place_. She also collaborated on certain hit singles performed by Natasha Bedingfield.

She was nominated for an Academy Award, for the song "Lost Stars."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Danielle Brisebois
- **birth name**: Danielle Anne Brisebois
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
- **instrument**: Vocals, percussion, piano, guitar
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, songwriter, producer
- **years active**: 1976–present
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic, RCA Records, RCA, EMI
- **associated acts**: New Radicals
Gregg Alexander
Rick Nowels
Natasha Bedingfield
Adam Levine
Dolores Costello

**Dolores Costello** (September 17, 1903 – March 1, 1979) was an American actress. She worked during the silent movie era. She was in movies such as _The Telephone_ and _A Midsummer Night's Dream_. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Charlie Kunz

**Charles "Charlie" Kunz** (August 18, 1896 – March 16, 1958) was a British musician, who became well-known and liked during the British dance band era. He played in nightclubs where people would come to ballroom dance. He had a rhythmic, relaxed style and played popular music with his own way of expressing feeling and moods.

## Early life and career

Kunz was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1896.  His father was a master baker who also played the French horn. Young Charlie began to play in front of an audience as an amateur when he was only six years old. When he was seven, he had become good enough to play as a professional pianist.

He came to England in 1922 with a small dance band that was led by the drummer, Ed Krick. Kunz liked London so well that he did not want to leave, so that band returned without him to Pennsylvania. In England, he soon became such a popular pianist that he gave up his own orchestra to just work at his piano playing. He played at ballroom and nightclub venues and also on the BBC radio. Two of Britain's most famous female vocalists were with his band in the 1930s; Vera Lynn  and Welsh songstress Dorothy Squires. His best known singer was George Barclay, who was known as a crooner, a popular singing style at that time.

His first time playing as a soloist came in 1934 at the Holborn Empire. In that same year, he began to record the first of many solo records of "Charlie Kunz Medleys".  His most famous song was _Clap Hands, Here Comes Charlie_. Each time he performed, his closing theme was _Pink Elephants_.

## Personal life and death

He was married three times. He had one child with his first wife, Amanda Dysher. She later died. In 1923, he married again Eva Dorothy "Nin" Lloyd, who was a fashion model. They had two sons. They were married until 1939. His third wife was Pat Sparkes, whom he married in 1942. They were still married when he died.
He kept living in England until his death from a heart attack in 1958. He is buried in Streatham Vale Cemetery.

## Other websites

- Charlie Kunz
- Charlie Kunz Discography
- Charlie Kunz Biography - AllMusic

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Charlie Kunz
- **image**: Charlie-Kunz-Bandleader-1896-1958.jpg
- **caption**: 1937
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Charles Leonard Kunz
- **birth place**: Allentown, Pennsylvania
- **instrument**: Piano
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Bandleader, Musician
- **years active**: 1912–1958
- **label**: Decca Records, Sterno Records, Rex
To Hell with the Devil

***To Hell With The Devil*** is the third album by the Christian glam metal band Stryper. It was released in 1986. The album was listed in the book The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music by CCM Magazine. The album was nominated for Best Gospel Performance - Duo, Group, Choir Or Chorus at the Grammy Awards but lost to Mylon and Broken Heart's _Crack the Sky_.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: To Hell With the Devil
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Stryper
- **released**: October 24, 1986
- **genre**: Christian metal, glam metal, Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: 41:10
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Enigma Records
- **producer**: Stephan Galfas, Stryper
- **prev title**: Soldiers Under Command
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: In God We Trust (Stryper album), In God We Trust
- **next year**: 1988
Erin Moran

**Erin Moran** (October 18, 1960 – April 22, 2017) was an American actress She worked mostly in television. She played Joanie Cunningham in the sitcom _Happy Days_. Moran was born in Burbank, California.

Moran died on April 22, 2017 at her mother-in-law's trailer in New Salisbury, Indiana from complications of Squamous cell carcinoma (rare skin cancer) found in the throat at the age of 56.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Erin Moran
- **image**: Erin Moran in 2008 (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Erin Moran in 2008.
- **birth name**: Erin Marie Moran
- **birth place**: Burbank, California, United States, U.S.
- **death cause**: Complications from Squamous cell carcinoma of the throat cancer, throat
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1966–2012
Margaret O'Brien

**Margaret O'Brien** (born January 15, 1937) is an American movie, stage and television actress who began acting as a child. She became famous through the movie _Journey for Margaret_ (1942). She also played a French girl in the movie version of _Jane Eyre_ in 1944. O'Brien was born in San Diego, California.
Mackenzie Phillips

**Mackenzie Phillips** (November 10, 1959) is an American actress and musician who began acting when still a child. She starred as Carol Morrison in _American Graffiti_ and Julie in the sitcom _One Day at a Time_. Phillips was born in Alexandria, Virginia, though raised in California.
Laurentia

**Laurentia** is a large continental craton. It forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent.

Originally, it included the core of Greenland and the northwestern part of Scotland, known as the Hebridean Terrane. Laurentia is also called the **North American Craton**. It is a modern geological feature, and it is also a very ancient geological core made of igneous rock. It is nearly four billion years old.

At times in the past, Laurentia has been part of larger continents and supercontinents. It is an assembly of smaller tectonic plates which merged early in the Archaean era. As the plates moved together, a huge range of mountains formed. Much later, in the Proterozoic era, small plates and oceanic islands collided with and fused with the ever-growing Laurentia. Together they made the huge, stable craton we see today as the north and center of North America and the west of Greenland.

Over a billion years ago, the Grenville Orogeny in the Canadian Shield made jagged peaks, higher than any of today's mountains. Millions of years of erosion have changed these mountains to rolling hills.

The remaining, western, part of North America was added much later, after Pangaea split up, and the Americas moved west from Eurasia and Gondwana.

The craton is named after the Laurentian Mountains, a range to the north of the St. Lawrence River.

## Rocks as seen today

The cratonic rocks are metamorphic and igneous, while the overlying sedimentary rocks are composed mostly of limestones, sandstones, and shales. These sedimentary rocks were deposited from 650 to 290 million years ago. In eastern and central Canada, much of the stable craton is exposed at the surface.

The southwestern portion of Laurentia consists of Precambrian basement rocks deformed by continental collisions (violet area of the image above). This area has been subjected to considerable rifting as the Basin and Range Province and has been stretched up to 100% of its original width. The area has a history of major volcanic eruptions.
Scarlett Pomers

**Scarlett Pomers** (born November 28, 1988) is an American former child actress. She is also a singer and songwriter. She played Shanna Jensen in the movie _Erin Brockovich_ and Naomi Wildman in _Star Trek: Voyager_. She also played Kyra in the sitcom _Reba_.

While acting for the show _Reba_, Pomers had an eating disorder.

Pomers was born near Riverside, California.
Kim Richards

**Kimberly Erica Richards** (born September 19, 1964) is an American actress and TV personality. She started her career as a child actress in shows like _Nanny and the Professor_ and movies like _Escape to Witch Mountain_ and _Return from Witch Mountain_. She was a main cast member on _The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills_ from 2010 to 2015, later appearing as a guest in later seasons.

## Early life

Kim Richards was born on September 19, 1964, in Mineola, New York. She is the daughter of businessman Ken Richards and casting director Kathleen Richards. Her sister is Kyle Richards, an actress, and she has a half-sister, Kathy Hilton.

## Career

Richards started acting as a child, appearing in a TV commercial for Firth Carpet. She played Prudence Everett in the TV show _Nanny and the Professor_ and had roles in other series like _Hello, Larry_ and _Little House on the Prairie_. Richards starred in Disney movies like _Escape to Witch Mountain_ and _Return from Witch Mountain_ and made a cameo in _Race to Witch Mountain_. As an adult, she appeared in movies like _Tuff Turf_ (1985) and co-produced _Escape_ in 1990 with her then-husband, Monty Brinson.

She joined the reality TV show _The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills_ in 2010 as a main cast member. She left after five seasons but appeared as a guest in later seasons.

## Personal life

Richards had her first breast augmentation in 1990. She had a lumpectomy in 2003 and removed her breast implants in 2020 after one deflated. She is also a certified reiki practitioner.

### Marriages, relationships, and children

Richards was married to Monty Brinson in 1985, and they had one child, Brooke Brinson. They divorced in 1988 but remained friends. She later married Gregg Davis, with whom she has two children, Whitney Nicole Davis and Chad Austin Davis, before divorcing in 1991.

She dated John J. Collett, who was murdered in 1991 while talking to her on the phone. She then had a relationship with John Jackson and later dated Wynn Katz from 2012 to 2018. They appeared on _Marriage Boot Camp_ in 2018 before breaking up.

Richards dated Donald Trump in the past.

### Criminal history

Richards was arrested in 2015 at the Beverly Hills Hotel for trespassing, public intoxication, resisting an officer, and battery on a police officer. She was released on bail. She was arrested again later that year for shoplifting at a Target store.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kim Richards
- **image**: KimRichards2010.png
- **caption**: Richards in 2010
- **birth name**: Kimberly Erica Richards
- **birth place**: Mineola, New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **occupation**: Actress • television personality
- **years active**: 1970–1990; 2002–present
- **notable works**: _Escape to Witch Mountain (1975 film), Escape to Witch Mountain_ • _Return from Witch Mountain_
- **children**: 4, including Brooke Brinson
The Help (movie)

***The Help*** is a 2011 American drama movie based on Kathryn Stockett's novel and directed by Tate Taylor. It stars Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Bryce Dallas Howard and Jessica Chastain.

## Plot

The young Skeeter (Emma Stone) returns to her hometown. She has finished her study at the University of Mississippi and now she wants to be a novelist. She begins to interview African-American women who are housemaids working for white people. She writes a book about the lives of the housemaids. First of all, the housemaids are against an interview. However, after an incident, many housemaids tell about their lives. Each shift begins with a whisper, but the voices get louder and many people have many things to tell.

## Awards

_The Help_ won an Oscar and a Golden Globe for Octavia Spencer in the category best actress in a supporting role. Viola Davis was nominated for an Oscar in the category best actress in a leading role.