juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
African green pigeon

The **African green pigeon** (_Treron calvus_) is a bird native to Sub-Saharan Africa.

Adult birds have maroon shoulder patches. The shoulder patches are olive in immature birds. They reach a length of 25–28 cm.

## Range

Their range includes Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Eswatini, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Gunnison grouse

The **Gunnison sage-grouse** (_Centrocercus minimus_) is a species of grouse. It is endemic to the Great Basin. It looks like the closely related greater sage-grouse but is about a third smaller. It has much thicker plumes behind the head. It also has a less elaborate courtship dance. It lives in the western half of Colorado and eastern Utah. It lives most in the Gunnison Basin region in Colorado.
Greater sage-grouse

The **greater sage-grouse** (_Centrocercus urophasianus_) is the largest grouse in North America. It lives in the western half of the United States and the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces. They are larger than a pheasant but smaller than a wild turkey.

They belong to the Phasianidae family. The Gunnison sage-grouse (_Centrocercus minimus_) is the other species in the genus.

## Populations

At one time they numbered in the millions. Because of loss of the loss of sagebrush habitat there are now between 200,000 and 500,000 birds in the western US. They are now being considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In Canada It is estimated their habitat range has been reduced by 90%. They are completely gone from British Columbia. It is estimated the population in Canada was reduced by 88% between 1988 and 2006.

## Courtship

In the spring, during their breeding season, male sage-grouse gather to do their courtship displays. They do this on areas called "leks". As the males dance they make a popping sound. This is done by inflating and deflating their two yellow throat sacs. They display their pointed tail feathers while they strut. As many as a dozen males may dance at the same time. Sometimes two males will fight with their wings. The hens will watch for several days before picking out a mate. They make their nests in the sagebrush. The males do not help with nesting or with raising chicks.

## Other websites

- Greater Sage-Grouse, Cornell University
- Greater sage-grouse strut display, YouTube
Omar Souleyman

**Omar Souleyman** (born 1966) is a singer from Syria.

He began singing professionally in 1994. He has sung at Syrian weddings. He has made records of his music. He has made more than 500 live albums. His success and popularity in Syria led to performances in other countries, starting in 1977. Those countries were Canada, Australia, the United States, and ones in Europe.

Souleyman is backed by various bands with many different instruments. "[H]is dizzying use of ululating keyboards, pounding synthesied beats and throaty vocals pays homage to _dabke_, a `Middle eastern line-dance synonymous with weddings and other celebrations." According to reviewer Tshepo Mokoena, his songs are all about love and companionship.

## Selected discography

- 2015: _Bahdeni Nami_ (Monkeytown)
- 2013: _Wenu Wenu_ (Ribbon Music), his first studio recording
- 2011: _Haflat Gharbia - The Western Concerts_ (Sublime Frequencies)
- 2011: _Leh Jani_ (2LP,  full-length Syrian tape reissue) (Sham Palace)
- 2010: _Jazeera Nights_ (Sublime Frequencies)
- 2009: _Dabke 2020_  (Sublime Frequencies)
- 2006: _Highway to Hassake_ (Sublime Frequencies)

## Other websites

- Ribbon Music Wenu Wenu  Artist Page
Sharon Case

**Sharon Case** (born February 9, 1971) is an American actress and a former model. At age 17, she began working as a model before getting into acting. She is best known for her roles on daytime soap operas. She played Dawn Winthrop in _General Hospital_. She also played Debbie Simon in _As the World Turns_. She played Sharon Newman on _The Young and the Restless_.

Case was born in Detroit, Michigan.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sharon Case
- **image**: Sharon Case - Monte-Carlo Television Festival.jpg
- **caption**: Sharon Case attending the 2013 Monte-Carlo Television Festival
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan
- **occupation**: Actress, jewelry designer, model
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **website**: [http://www.sharoncasejewelry.com www.sharoncasejewelry.com]
- **known for**: Playing "Sharon Newman" on _The Young and The Restless_
- **spouse**: Unknown (1988); Sandy Corzine (2007–09)
Chatsworth, Los Angeles

**Chatsworth, Los Angeles** is a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites

- Map of Los Angeles neighborhoods
- Chatsworth Neighborhood Council
- Chatsworth Historical Society
- California State Parks Dept. - official Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park website
- LAMountains.com - Santa Susana Pass Historic Park hiking website
- official Los Angeles City Parks: Chatsworth Park South website
- Chatsworth crime map and statistics
Jingle All The Way

**Jingle All the Way** is an American Christmas comedy family movie. It is directed by Brian Levant and stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad. Other actors are Phil Hartman, Rita Wilson, Jake Lloyd, James Belushi and Robert Conrad.

In the movie two fathers try to find a Turbo-Man action figure on Christmas Eve. Turbo-Man is a fictional toy created for the movie. One of the children describes the toy by saying, "I want the Turbo Man action figure with the arms and legs that move and the boomerang shooter and the rock-and-roar jet pack and the realistic voice activator that says five different phrases including, “It's turbo time!” Accessories sold separately. Batteries not included."

## Soundtrack

TVT Records released the film's soundtrack album on Audio CD on November 26, 1996. It features only two of composer David Newman's pieces from _Jingle All the Way_, but features many of the songs by other artists included in the film, as well as other Christmas songs and new tracks by the Brian Setzer Orchestra. Intrada Music Group released a Special Collection limited edition of Newman's full 23-track score on November 3, 2008.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Jingle All the Way
- **type**: soundtrack
- **artist**: Various
- **released**: 1996
- **genre**: Various
- **length**: 36:51
- **label**: TVT Records, TVT
Joel Madden

**Joe Reuben Madden** (ne **Combs**; born March 11, 1979) is an American singer best known as the lead vocalist for the pop punk band Good Charlotte.

## Early life

Madden was born in Waldorf, Maryland to Robin Madden and Roger Combs. He has a twin brother Benji Madden who plays guitar and sings backing vocals in their band, Good Charlotte.
Supa Dupa Fly

***Supa Dupa Fly*** is the debut studio album by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album features the singles, "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)", "Sock It 2 Me", "Hit Em wit da Hee" and "Beep Me 911". Guest appearances on the album include rappers Busta Rhymes, Lil' Kim, Timbaland and Magoo and R&B singers Ginuwine, Nicole, 702 and Aaliyah.

## Personnel

Credits for _Supa Dupa Fly_ adapted from Allmusic.
- 702 – vocals, performer
- Aaliyah – vocals, performer
- Kwaku Alston – photography
- Gregory Burke – design
- Busta Rhymes – vocals, rap, performer
- Richard Clark – assistant engineer
- Nicole - vocals, performer
- Drew Coleman – assistant engineer
- Da Brat – vocals, performer
- Jimmy Douglas – engineer, audio mixing
- Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott – vocals, rap, executive producer
- Ginuwine – vocals, performer
- Lil' Kim – performer
- Magoo – rap
- Bill Pettaway – bass, guitar
- Herb Powers – mastering
- Timbaland – vocals, producer, performer, executive producer, mixing

### Charts

|Chart (1997)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Dutch Albums Chart|align="center"|69|
|New Zealand Albums Chart|align="center"|49|
|U.S. _Billboard_ 200|align="center"|3|
|U.S. _Billboard_ Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|align="center"|1|

### Certifications

|scope="col"|Country|scope="col"|Certification|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|United Kingdom (BPI)|style="text-align:center;"|Silver||
|United States (RIAA)|style="text-align:center;"|Platinum||

## Other websites

- _Supa Dupa Fly_ at Discogs
- Article at _Spin_

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Supa Dupa Fly
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Missy Elliott, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott
- **released**: July 15, 1997
- **recorded**: October 1996 – May 1997
- **length**: 60:06
- **producer**: Timbaland
- **next title**: Da Real World
(1999)
Miss E... So Addictive

***Miss E… So Addictive*** is the third studio album by American rapper, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album had the club and R&B/hip-hop hit "One Minute Man". The album has guest appearances from rappers Timbaland, Redman, Busta Rhymes, Eve, Jay-Z, Ludacris and Shawnna and R&B singers Aaliyah, Tweet and Ginuwine. It was the last album of Elliott's that Aaliyah appeared on before Aaliyah's death in August 2001. It was the last album under the name _Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott_.

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2001)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2||||
|1||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Miss E… So Addictive
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Missy Elliott, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott
- **released**: April 26, 2001
- **recorded**: 2000–2001
- **prev title**: Da Real World
(1999)
- **next title**: Under Construction (Missy Elliott album), Under Construction
(2002)
Under Construction (Missy Elliott album)

***Under Construction*** is the fourth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott. One of the songs from the album, "Pussycat", was going to be released as a remix with R&B singer Janet Jackson and rapper Lil' Kim. However, only Elliott's vocals were ever recorded for it.

### Unreleased

- "Pussycat" (Remix with Janet Jackson and Lil' Kim)

## Production

- Executive producers – Missy Elliott, Timbaland
- Producers – Missy Elliott, Timbaland, Craig Brockman, Errol "Poppi" McCalla
- Vocal assistance – Tweet, Lisa Crawford
- Engineers – Jeff Allen, Carlos "El Loco" Bedoya, Josh Butler, Jimmy Douglass, Guru, Mike "Hitman" Wilson
- Assistant engineers – Marc Stephen Lee, Steve Penny, David Snyder, Cory Williams
- Mixing – Jimmy Douglass, Timbaland
- Mixing assistance – Steamy
- Mastering – Herb Powers
- A&R – Yaneley Arty, Merlin Bobb, Jay Brown, Patricia Elliott, Gail Hansen, Andre Johnson, Celeste Moses
- Design & Art Direction – Anita Marisa Boriboon, Lili Picou
- Photography – Roberto Fantauzzi

### Charts

|Chart (2002)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Irish Albums (IRMA)|align="center"|53|
|US _Billboard_ 200|align="center"|3|
|US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|align="center"|2|

### Certifications

|scope="col"|Country|scope="col"|Certification|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Australia (ARIA)|style="text-align:center;"|Platinum||
|United Kingdom (BPI)|style="text-align:center;"|Gold||
|United States (RIAA)|style="text-align:center;"|2× Platinum||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Under Construction
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Missy Elliott
- **recorded**: 2002
- **length**: 56:41
- **prev title**: Miss E... So Addictive
(2001)
- **next title**: This Is Not a Test!
(2003)
Allery

**Allery** is a commune in the Somme department in northern France.
Respect M.E.

***Respect M.E.*** (Short for ***Respect Missy Elliott***) is the first greatest hits album by American rapper Missy Elliott. It includes all her hits from all of her albums.

## Track listing

1. "Get Ur Freak On" – 3:57
1. "Lose Control" <small>(featuring Ciara & Fatman Scoop)</small> – 3:47
1. "4 My People" (Basement Jaxx Remix) – 3:32
1. "We Run This" – 3:24
1. "Work It" – 4:24
1. "Gossip Folks" <small>(featuring Ludacris)</small> – 3:57
1. "One Minute Man" <small>(featuring Ludacris)</small> – 4:13
1. "I'm Really Hot" – 3:31
1. "Pass That Dutch" – 3:41
1. "Beep Me 911" <small>(featuring 702)</small> – 4:58
1. "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" – 4:06
1. "All n My Grill" <small>(featuring Big Boi and Nicole Wray)</small> – 4:32
1. "Hit Em wit da Hee" <small>(featuring Lil' Kim)</small> – 4:20
1. "Hot Boyz" <small>(featuring Lil' Mo)</small> – 3:36
1. "Sock It 2 Me" <small>(featuring Da Brat)</small> – 4:17
1. "She's a Bitch" – 4:00
1. "Teary Eyed" – 3:40

## Notes

- Tracks 10, 11, 13, and 15 originally appeared on the album _Supa Dupa Fly_
- Tracks 12, 14, and 16 originally appeared on the album _Da Real World_
- Tracks 1, 3, and 7 originally appeared on the album _Miss E... So Addictive_
- Tracks 5 and 6 originally appeared on the album _Under Construction_
- Tracks 8 and 9 originally appeared on the album _This Is Not a Test!_
- Tracks 2, 4, and 17 originally appeared on the album _The Cookbook_

## Charts

|align="left"|Chart (2006)|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|German Albums Chart|align="center"|40|
|align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart|align="center"|42|
|align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart|align="center"|25|
|align="left"|Dutch Mega Albums Chart|align="center"|54|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|align="center"|7|
|align="left"|NZ Albums Chart|align="center"|7|
|align="left"|Ireland Albums Chart|align="center"|11|
|align="left"|Australia Albums Chart|align="center"|16|
|align="left"|Japanese ORICON Foreign Album Chart|align="center"|7|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Respect M.E.
- **type**: Greatest hits
- **artist**: Missy Elliott
- **released**: September 4, 2006
- **recorded**: 1997–2005
- **genre**: *Hip hop music, Hip hop
*funk
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 68:27
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: *Missy Elliott
*Timbaland
*Craig Brockman
*Warryn Campbell
*Nisan Stewart
*Rhemario Webber
- **prev title**: The Cookbook
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Iconology (Missy Elliott EP), Iconology
- **next year**: 2019
Cees van Kooten

**Cees van Kooten** (; 20 August 1948 – 24 August 2015) was a Dutch former international football striker. After his career he became a football manager, he retired after a heart attack.

van Kooten died of esophageal cancer at the age of 67.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **image**: Vertrek Nederlands elftal naar Nicosia (Cyprus) voor de wedstrijd tegen Cyprus, Cees van Kooten (Eagles) bij vertrek van Schiphol, Bestanddeelnr 931-4535.jpg
- **name**: Cees van Kooten
- **fullname**: Cornelis van Kooten
- **birth place**: Alblasserdam, Netherlands
- **death place**: Deventer, Netherlands
- **position**: Striker (football), Striker
- **years1**: 1965–1970
- **years2**: 1970–1971
- **years3**: 1971–1972
- **years4**: 1971–1976
- **years5**: 1976–1982
- **years6**: 1983–1985
- **clubs1**: Hermes-DVS Schiedam
- **clubs2**: FC Utrecht
- **clubs3**: Lille OSC
- **clubs4**: Telstar (football club), Telstar
- **clubs5**: Go Ahead Eagles
- **clubs6**: PEC Zwolle
- **nationalyears1**: 1981–1983
- **nationalteam1**: Netherlands national football team, Netherlands
- **nationalcaps1**: 9
- **nationalgoals1**: 4
- **manageryears1**: 1994–1995
- **manageryears2**: 1996
- **managerclubs1**: NEC Nijmegen
- **managerclubs2**: RKC Waalwijk
Yosi Piamenta

**Yosi Piamenta** (November 29, 1951 – August 23, 2015) was an Orthodox Jewish singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was known for introducing the electric guitar to Jewish music. Piamenta played rock and roll tunes with Biblical Hebrew lyrics.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Yosi Piamenta
- **image**: Yossi Piamenta in Jerusalem's Old City.JPG
- **caption**: Yossi Piamenta in 2009
- **image size**: 250px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Yoseph Piamenta
- **birth place**: Jerusalem, Israel
- **instrument**: Vocals, Fender Stratocaster guitar
- **genre**: Blues rock, Rock music, rock, psychedelic rock, hard rock, blues, Jewish music, nigunim
- **occupation**: Musician, guitarist, singer-songwriter, artist
- **years active**: 1972–2015
- **associated acts**: The Piamenta Band, Yosi Piamenta and the Heavenly Jams Band, Piamenta Brothers
- **death place**: New York City, United States, U.S.
Banshee (roller coaster)

**Banshee** is a B&M Inverted roller coaster located at Kings Island. It replaced Son of Beast, a wooden roller coaster. It is currently the longest inverted roller coaster in the world.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Banshee
- **image**: Banshee 07.jpg
- **caption**: Banshee’s Logo (Top) Banshee’s Lift Hill, First Drop, Dive Loop, First Vertical Loop, and Zero-G Roll (Bottom)
- **location**: Kings Island
- **section**: Action Zone
- **status**: Operating
- **previousattraction**: Son of Beast
List of former Kings Island attractions#Thunder Alley, Thunder Alley
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Inverted
- **manufacturer**: Bolliger & Mabillard
- **model**: Inverted roller coaster, Inverted Coaster
- **track**: Terrain
- **lift**: Chain lift hill
- **height ft**: 167
- **drop ft**: 150
- **length ft**: 4124
- **speed mph**: 68
- **inversions**: 7
- **duration**: 2:40
- **capacity**: 1,650
- **restriction in**: 52-78
- **trains**: 3
- **carspertrain**: 8
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **ridersperrow**: 4
- **virtual queue name**: Fast Lane (Cedar Fair), Fast Lane
- **virtual queue image**: Cedar Fair Fast Lane availibility.svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
- **rcdb number**: 6640
Seasonal breeder

**Seasonal breeders** are animal species that mate only during certain times of the year. These times of year are usually best for the survival of the young. Factors include ambient temperature, food and water availability, and even changes in the predation behaviors of other species. The sexual interest and mating behavior goes on only during this period.

## Breeding seasons

Female seasonal breeders will have one or more oestrous cycles only when she is "in season" or fertile At this time she is naturally ready to mate.  At other times of the year they are not sexually interested. Male seasonal breeders may have changes in testosterone levels, testes weight, and fertility depending on the time of year. For example, male greater sage-grouse actually gain weight as their bodies get ready for the spring breeding season. Seasonal breeders are different than opportunistic breeders. These are species which mate whenever conditions allow it. They are also different from continuous breeders like humans that mate year-round.

## Communal breeding

Many species breed in colonies or large communities which is known as communal breeding. It is common to see large groups of these species during their breeding seasons. These breeding colonies and their location are generally protected by wildlife conservation laws. This is to keep the species from going extinct. Some species have evolved to communal breeding in large breeding colonies. They cannot breed in smaller numbers or pairs alone. These species can be threatened by extinction if they are hunted on their breeding grounds or if their breeding colonies are destroyed. The Passenger pigeon is a famous example. They were probably the most numerous land bird on the American continent which had evolved for communal breeding. They became extinct due to large scale hunting in its communal breeding grounds. They were not able to  breed in smaller numbers.

## Other websites

- Dog Breeding Cycles and Seasons
- When Birds Mate
Companion dog

A **companion dog** is one whose main job is to keep people company. It is not necessary that companion dogs be trained to perform any specific task. Their main service is to provide companionship. A dog trained to perform a task for a disabled handler is called a service dog.

## Suitability

While most any family pet could be considered a companion, the best companion dogs have certain qualities. First, they must be suited for living indoors. They should be calm and not aggressive around other people or animals. A dog should be compatible with a person's lifestyle and personality. Large dogs may not be suitable for very young children. Older people are increasingly choosing smaller dogs. Therapy dogs and emotional support dogs provide comfort to people with certain conditions. Often they belong to staff members of hospitals or institutions. Some dogs are certified as companion dogs and are selected for certain qualities.
Opistognathidae

**Opistognathidae**, the **jawfishes**, are a family of fishes classified within the order Perciformes, suborder Percoidei. The family includes about 80 species.

They are native to warmer parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, where found from the shallows to depths of a few hundred meters.
Justin Wilson

**Justin Boyd Wilson** (31 July 1978 – 24 August 2015) was a British professional open-wheel driver. Just before his death, he was competing part-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 25 Honda for Andretti Autosport. Earlier, he competed in the Champ Car series from 2004–07, scoring four wins.

He also competed in Formula One in the 2003 season with Minardi and Jaguar and was the winner of the 2001 International Formula 3000 championship. He was also a winner of the 24 Hours of Daytona. To date, he is the tallest person to have raced in Formula One.

On 23 August 2015, Wilson suffered a traumatic brain injury in an accident at the Pocono Raceway, which caused his death the following day.

## Infobox (racing driver)

- **embed**: yes
- **last series**: Champ Car World Series
- **years active**: 2004–2007
- **teams**: Conquest Racing (2004)
RuSport (2005–2006)
RSPORTS (2007)
- **starts**: 54
- **wins**: 4
- **podiums**: 15
- **poles**: 6
- **best finish**: 2nd
- **year**: 2006, 2007
- **awards**: Greg Moore (race car driver), Greg Moore Legacy Award
- **award years**: 2006, 2007


## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **embed**: yes
- **team(s)**: Minardi, Jaguar Racing, Jaguar
- **races**: 16
- **championships**: 0
- **wins**: 0
- **podiums**: 0
- **points**: 1
- **poles**: 0
- **fastest laps**: 0
- **first race**: 2003 Australian Grand Prix
- **last race**: 2003 Japanese Grand Prix


## Infobox (racing driver)

- **name**: Justin Wilson
- **image**: Justin Wilson 2007.jpg
- **caption**: Wilson in 2007
- **nationality**: British
- **birth name**: Justin Boyd Wilson
- **birth place**: Sheffield, England
- **death place**: Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
- **related to**: Stefan Wilson (brother)
- **current series**: IZOD IndyCar Series
- **first year**: 2008 IndyCar Series season, 2008
- **former teams**: Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing (2008)
Dreyer & Reinbold Racing (2010–2011)
Dale Coyne Racing (2009, 2012–2014)
Andretti Autosport (2015)
- **starts**: 120
- **wins**: 3
- **poles**: 2
- **fastest laps**: 2
- **best finish**: 6th
- **year**: 2013 IndyCar Series season, 2013
Lesser prairie chicken

The **lesser prairie chicken** (_Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_) is a bird in the grouse family. It is similar to the greater prairie chicken but is slightly smaller and paler in color.

About half of this species live in western Kansas. They are also found in Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas.

## Other websites

- BirdLife Species Factsheet
- Lesser Prairie-Chicken videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Blanding's turtle

**Blanding's turtle**  (_Emys blandingii_ or _Emydoidea blandingii_) is a North American turtle; it mainly lives near and south of the Great Lakes.

## Description

The Blanding's turtle is characterized by its dark dome shaped upper shell, also known as the carapace, and its distinct bright yellow neck. The dark shell of the turtle is often scattered with yellow specks. The Blanding’s turtle is commonly referred to as a semi-box turtle due to its bottom shell, known as the plastron, which is hinged across the front third. The hinge going across the shell allows the turtle to pull the front of the plastron strongly against the top half of the shell helping it to hide when threatened.

## Habitat

The Blanding’s turtle lives in wetland areas with shallow waters-such as rivers and streams- that are near sandy uplands. These wetland areas support the turtles with their rich, aquatic vegetation.

Blanding’s turtles are known to live in the Upper Midwest, New England, and Southeastern Canada regions.

## Life cycle

Blanding’s turtles tend to spend the winter months in the muddy areas of deep marshes, backwater pools, ponds and streams. But in early spring they come out and move to temporary wetlands that allow for mating and breeding habitats. Mating will typically occur around early evening, but can go on until late night. They become sexually mature around the age of 12 years. When breeding, they breed only once a year and they typically have an egg clutch of about 10-26 eggs.

Eggs are laid far from water in preferably sandy areas. The hatchlings leave the nest starting around mid-August to early October. Blanding’s turtles have a life expectancy of over 70 years.
Bog turtle

The **bog turtle** (_Glyptemys muhlenbergii_) is a turtle found only in the eastern United States (northeast and Appalachian Mountains). It is the smallest North American turtle. It measures about  long when fully grown. Bog turtles are threatened from loss of habitat and collection as pets.

## Appearance

It looks similar to the painted or spotted turtles. But it is more closely related to the larger wood turtle. The bog turtle is identified by the yellow or orange spot on each side of its head and neck.

## Habitat

The bog turtle lives in bogs and other wetlands. They are a rare and endangered species. It mostly eats insects and their larva. It is unknown how long they live in the wild. In captivity they live up to 30 years.
Spotted turtle

The **spotted turtle** (_Clemmys guttata_) is a turtle found in eastern North America. They are found in the eastern Great Lakes and east of the Appalachian Mountains. They are aquatic omnivores that live in shallow fresh water. These are places such as flooded forests, marshes, wet meadows, bogs and woodland streams.
Pygmy rabbit

The **pygmy rabbit** (_Brachylagus idahoensis_) is a North American rabbit. It is found in the desert areas of the Great Basin and Montana.

The pygmy rabbit is the world's smallest leporid. An average adult weights about . It has a body length of . The female rabbit is slightly larger than the male.

The pygmy rabbit is different from other leporids by its small size, short ears, gray color and small hind legs. It also does not have any white fur on its tail.

Weasels are the main predators of pygmy rabbits. Coyotes, red foxes, badgers, bobcats, owls and hawks also hunt pygmy rabbits.

## Endangered species

One isolated population, the Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit,  is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Federal government.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as lower risk. This species only lives naturally in the Columbia Basin of Washington State.

The last male purebred Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit died March 30, 2006, at the Oregon Zoo in Portland. The last purebred female died in 2008. A program by the Oregon Zoo, Washington State University and Northwest Trek is trying to preserve the genes by breeding surviving females with the Idaho pygmy rabbit.

## Other websites

- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Pygmy Rabbit
- Western Watersheds Project
San'yō region

The **San'yō Region** is an area in the south of Honshū, the main island of Japan.
Stimulus (psychology)

A **stimulus** in psychology is an energy change (such as light or sound) which is received by the senses. The usage changes somewhat according to which school of psychology is using it:

- In classical conditioning and behaviorism, a stimulus is the basis for behavior.
- In perceptual psychology it is the basis for perception.  In this context, a distinction is made between the _distal stimulus_ (the external, perceived object) and the _proximal stimulus_ (the stimulation of sensory organs).
- In experimental psychology, the term 'stimulus' is used to describe _the event or object to which a response is measured_. In this case, not everything that is presented to participants is a stimulus. For example, a fixation cross is not said to be a stimulus, because it merely serves to center subject's gaze at the center of the screen. Also, longer events are usually not called 'stimuli', even when a response to such an event is measured.

A stimulus may be used to see if a person is in a coma and what type of coma it is.
Da Real World

***Da Real World*** is the second studio album by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album features a much more "darker" and hardcore hip hop sound compared to her hip hop soul sounding 1997 debut album _Supa Dupa Fly_. _Da Real World_ also features guest appearances by Timbaland, Eminem, Da Brat, Aaliyah, Big Boi and Redman.

## Reviews

The album met generablly favorable reviews.

AllMusic gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "... it's clearly a Missy Elliott album in most respects, with Timbaland's previously trademarked, futuristic-breakbeat production smarts laced throughout." AllMusic also said that 'Busa Rhyme' was the best track of album.

Touré, of _Rolling Stone_, gave the album 3 out of 5 stars.

## Charts

|align="center"|Chart|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ 200|align="center"|10|
|align="left"|Top Canadian Albums|align="center"|32|
|align="left"|German Albums Chart|align="center"|20|
|align="left"|UK Album Chart|align="center"|40|

## Track listing

- All songs produced by Timbaland.

## Release history

|Region|Date|
| --- | --- |
|United Kingdom|June 24, 1999|
|United States|June 22, 1999|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Da Real World
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Missy Elliott, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott
- **recorded**: 1998–1999
- **length**: 64:09
- **producer**: Timbaland
- **prev title**: Supa Dupa Fly
(1997)
- **next title**: Miss E... So Addictive
(2001)
Riccardo III

***Riccardo III*** is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Luigi Canepa and libretto by Fulvio Fulgonio, after William Shakespeare's play _Richard III_. It was first performed in Milan, on November 10, 1879.

## Principal characters

- Riccardo III - bass
- Rismondo - tenor
- Scroop - baritone
- Rutlando - comprimary tenor
- Elisabetta, queen - soprano or mezzo-soprano
- Elisabetta, daughter - soprano

## Discography

- 1962: Nicola Rossi-Lemeni (Riccardo III), Franco Bonisolli (Rismondo), Walter Alberti (Scroop), Tommaso Frascati (Rutlando), Lucilla Udovich (Regina), Antonietta Pastori (Elisabetta); Corale “Luigi Canepa” Sassari, Orchestra dell’Ente Concerti “Marialisa de Carolis”, Nino Bonavolontà - (Opera d'Oro, later Decca)

## Sources

- _The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta_, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Christina Milian (album)

***Christina Milian*** is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Milian. It was released by Def Jam on October 9, 2001. The album features the hit singles "AM to PM" and "When You Look at Me".

## Personnel

- Executive producers – Christina Milian, Jeff Fenster, Carmen Milian
- Vocal assistance – Montell Jordan, Jeanette Olsson, Christina Milian
- Vocal arrangements – Christina Milian, Bloodshy, Avant, Focus, Montell Jordan
- Engineers – Joe Chiccarelli, Brian Frye, Al Hemberger, Glenn Matullo, Carlisle Young
- Assistant engineers – Tom Bender, Stephanie Vonarx
- Conductors – Janson & Janson
- Mixing – Mick Guzauski, Tony Maserati, Peter Mokran, Brian Springer, Phil Tan
- A&R – Hector "Rick Boogie" Aviles, Simon Collins, Jeff Fenster
- Design – Shanna Busman
- Art direction – Shanna Busman
- Photography – Tony Duran

- Bass – LaMarquis Mark Jefferson, Thomas Lindberg
- Cello – Asa Forsberg
- Guitar – Henrik Jonback
- Viola – Hans Akeson, Elisabeth Arnberg Ranmo, Monika Stanikowska
- Violin – Dag Alin, Torbjorn Bernhardsson, Hanna Gähran, Per Hammarstrom, Annette Mannheimer, Svein H. Martinsen, Martin Stensson

## Charts

|Chart|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart|align="center"|36|
|align="left"|French Albums Chart|align="center"|138|
|align="left"|Japan Oricon Albums Chart|align="center"|19|
|align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart|align="center"|98|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|align="center"|23|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Christina Milian
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Christina Milian
- **released**: October 9, 2001
- **recorded**: 2000–2001
- **length**: 47:53
- **next title**: It's About Time (Christina Milian album), It's About Time
- **next year**: 2004
It's About Time (Christina Milian album)

***It's About Time*** is the second studio album by American singer Christina Milian. It has more of a pop, hip hop and R&B feel to it than her 2001 self-titled debut album.

## Track listing

Credits adapted from the liner notes of _It's About Time_.

## Charts

|Chart|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Japan Oricon Album Chart|align="center"|11|
|align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart|align="center"|66|
|align="left"|French Albums Chart|align="center"|83|
|align="left"|German Albums Chart|align="center"|55|
|align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart|align="center"|35|
|align="left"|Ireland Albums Chart|align="center"|74|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|align="center"|21|
|align="left"|US _Billboard_ 100|align="center"|14|
|align="left"|U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|align="center"|5|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: It's About Time
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Christina Milian
- **released**: June 15, 2004
- **recorded**: 2003–2004
- **genre**: *Pop music, Pop
*Hip hop music, hip hop
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 47:26
- **label**: Island Records, Island
- **producer**: *Bloodshy & Avant
*Bradley & Stereo
*Fontez Camp
*Warryn Campbell
*Bryan-Michael Cox
*Jasper da Fatso
*Rodney Jerkins, Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins
*Poli Paul
*Cory Rooney
*Ez Tommy
- **prev title**: Christina Milian (album), Christina Milian
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: So Amazin'
- **next year**: 2006
Francis Sejersted

**Francis Sejersted** (8 February 1936 – 25 August 2015) was a Norwegian history professor. He was the former chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Sejersted suffered a long illness and died on 25 August 2015 in Oslo, aged 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Francis Sejersted 2.jpg
- **name**: Francis Sejersted
- **caption**: Francis Sejersted (2009)
- **birth place**: Oslo, Norway
- **death place**: Oslo, Norway
- **occupation**: Professor
Ole Danbolt Mjøs

**Ole Danbolt Mjøs** (8 March 1939 – 1 October 2013) was a Norwegian physician and politician for the Christian Democratic Party. He was a professor and former rector at the University of Tromsø, and he was the leader of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 2003 to 2008.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Ole Danbolt Mjøs
- **image**: Ole Danbolt Mjøs.jpg
- **caption**: Ole Danbolt Mjøs in 2004.
- **birth place**: Bergen, Norway
- **citizenship**: Norwegians, Norwegian
- **fields**: Medicine
Physiology
- **workplaces**: University of Tromsø
- **known for**: Leader, Mjøs Committee (1998–2000)
Leader, Norwegian Nobel Committee, Nobel Committee (2003–2008)
- **awards**: Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, Order of St. Olav
Order of the Lion of Finland, Order of the Lion.
Thorbjørn Jagland

(born **Thorbjørn Johansen**, 5 November 1950) is a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party. He was the Secretary General of the Council of Europe from 2009 through 2019. He served as the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 2009 to 2015.

Jagland studied economics at the University of Oslo. He started his political career in the Workers' Youth League, and served as national leader from 1977 to 1981.

Jagland served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1996 to 1997, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2001, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Storting from 2001 to 2005 and President of the Storting from 2005 to 2009.

In February 2026, Norwegian police opened a criminal investigation of Jagland for corruption related to his connections with Jeffrey Epstein. On 11 February 2026, the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers decided to waive immunity for Jagland. The next day on 12 February, Jagland was charged with aggravated corruption in connection with the investigation into his relationship with Epstein.

## Other websites

- Norway's Prime Ministers – A pictorial with portraits of Norway's Prime Ministers (_Aftenposten_)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thorbjørn Jagland
- **image**: Thorbjorn Jagland.jpg
- **office**: Secretary General of the Council of Europe
- **term start**: 1 October 2009
- **term end**: 18 September 2019
- **deputy**: Gabriella Battaini-Dragoni
- **predecessor**: Terry Davis (politician), Terry Davis
- **successor**: Marija Pejčinović Burić
- **office1**: Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
- **term start1**: 1 January 2009
- **term end1**: 3 March 2015
- **predecessor1**: Ole Danbolt Mjøs
- **successor1**: Kaci Kullmann Five
- **office2**: Prime Minister of Norway
- **monarch2**: Harald V of Norway, Harald V
- **term start2**: 25 October 1996
- **term end2**: 17 October 1997
- **predecessor2**: Gro Harlem Brundtland
- **successor2**: Kjell Magne Bondevik
- **office3**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Norway), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister3**: Jens Stoltenberg
- **term start3**: 17 March 2000
- **term end3**: 19 October 2001
- **predecessor3**: Knut Vollebæk
- **successor3**: Jan Petersen
- **office4**: 17th List of Presidents of the Parliament of Norway, President of the Storting
- **term start4**: 10 October 2005
- **term end4**: 1 October 2009
- **predecessor4**: Jørgen Kosmo
- **successor4**: Dag Terje Andersen
- **birth name**: Thorbjørn Johansen
- **birth place**: Drammen, Norway
- **party**: Labour Party (Norway), Labour Party
- **spouse**: Hanne Grotjord
- **alma mater**: University of Oslo
- **signature**: Thorbjorn Jagland Signature.svg
José María Benegas

**José María "Txiki" Benegas Haddad** (25 July 1948 – 25 August 2015) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was born in Caracas, Venezuela.

Benegas died in Madrid, Spain from cancer at the age of 67.
Make America Great Again

"**Make America Great Again**" (**MAGA**) is a campaign slogan used by **American politicians**. It was first used by Ronald Reagan during his 1980 presidential campaign.

The term was created in 1979 during a time in which the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by high unemployment and inflation. Usually when the term is used, people use it as a reflection to the Presidency of Ronald Reagan.

Since Reagan left office, the slogan has been used by a variety of politicians. More recently, the slogan has been associated with Donald Trump who trademarked the slogan and used it in his own presidential campaign in 2016.

## Other websites

- Rawstory.com
- Donald J. Trump for President
- Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention
Mexican Canadians

**Mexican Canadians** are Canadians of Mexican descent.

## Statistics

|colspan=4|**Number of Mexican nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year**|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|1,918|229,048||
|2003|1,738|221,349||
|2004|2,245|235,823||
|2005|2,854|262,242||
|2006|2,830|251,640||
|2007|3,224|236,753||
|2008|2,831|247,246||
|2009|3,104|252,174||
|2010|3,866|280,691||
|2011|3,642|248,748||

## Related pages

- Mexican American
- Chicano

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Mexican Canadian
- **caption**: Raffi Torres
- **pop**: **By birth**: 69,695
**By ancestry**: 26,360
**Total**: 96,055 (0.3%)
- **popplace**: Canada
- **region1**: **Provinces and territories of Canada, Provinces:**
- **region2**: Ontario
- **pop2**: 31,685 (0.25%)
- **region3**: Quebec
- **pop3**: 25,040 (0.32%)
- **region4**: British Columbia
- **pop4**: 15,950 (0.37%)
- **region5**: Alberta
- **pop5**: 14,465 (0.41%)
- **region6**: Manitoba
- **pop6**: 6,420 (0.55%)
- **languages**: Canadian English, English, Canadian French, French, Spanish language, Spanish, and a minority of Languages of Mexico, Indigenous Mexican languages.
- **religions**: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Aztec religion, Indigenous beliefs.
- **related-c**: Demographics of Mexico, Mexican people, Mestizo, Spanish people, Latin peoples (linguistic), Latin, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native Americans.
Middlesex, New Jersey

**Middlesex County, New Jersey** is a borough of Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 14,636. Middlesex was incorporated as a borough on April 9, 1913. In 1905, the Lincoln section of Middlesex organized a volunteer fire company.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Middlesex, New Jersey
- **settlement type**: Borough (New Jersey), Borough
- **image skyline**: Middlesex Duck Pond.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250x200px
- **image caption**: Victor Crowell Park, featuring the duck pond
- **image map**: Middlesex_County_New_Jersey_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Middlesex_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Middlesex in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Middlesex County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Middlesex County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
- **image map1**: Census_Bureau_map_of_Middlesex,_New_Jersey.png
- **mapsize1**: 250x200px
- **map caption1**: Census Bureau map of Middlesex, New Jersey
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Jersey, County
- **subdivision name2**: Middlesex County, New Jersey, Middlesex
- **government type**: Borough (New Jersey), Borough
- **governing body**: Borough Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City manager, Administrator
- **leader title2**: Municipal clerk
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: April 9, 1913
- **named for**: Middlesex, England
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 9.09
- **area land km2**: 9.03
- **area water km2**: 0.06
- **area total sq mi**: 3.51
- **area land sq mi**: 3.49
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **area water percent**: 0.63
- **area rank**: 315th of 565 in state
16th of 25 in county
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 14636
- **population rank**: 181st of 565 in state
18th of 25 in county
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: 4196.1
- **population density rank**: 147th of 565 in state
12th of 25 in county
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, Eastern (EDT)
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
- **elevation ft**: 39
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 08846
- **area code**: Area codes 732 and 848, 732
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 3402345900
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0885299
Itaipu Dam

The **Itaipu Dam** is a hydroelectric (making electricity by the movement of water) dam on the Paraná River, on the border between Brazil and Paraguay.

It is listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. It is the world's second largest dam behind the Three Gorges Dam by nameplate capacity, but bigger in terms of construction and the largest by power production in 2015-2016. It is 7919 metres long and 196 metres high.

The **Itaipu Dam** is owned by the Brazilian Goverment as Company Itaipú Binacional.
La Llorona

**La Llorona** is a well known Latin American folk tale that originated in the 1800s to early 1900s.(The La Llorona tale actually dates back to the conquistadors and is thought to have originated in prehispanic times.)

Although several variations exist, the most basic story tells of a beautiful woman by the name of Maria who drowns her children in the river out of rage because her husband left her for a younger woman. She soon comes to her senses and regrets her decision to kill her children, so she drowns herself in a river in Latin America. She then becomes stuck between the physical and spiritual world on an eternal search for her children, not permitted to enter heaven without them. Her incessant weeping throughout the night gives her the title "La Llorona" (The Weeping Woman).

Parents often use this story to prevent their children from wandering out at night. In some versions of this tale and legend, La Llorona will kidnap wandering children who resemble her missing children, asking her children for forgiveness and drowning these other children to take their place but they never forgive her yet  still she keeps trying.

People who claim to have seen her say she appears at night, or in the late evenings from rivers or lakes throughout Latin America. Some believe that those who hear the wails of La Llorona are marked for death. She is said to cry,"¡Ay, mis hijos!" (Oh, my children!). She is also said to cry "mis hijos, mis hijos! donde estan mis hijos!"(my sons, my sons, where are my sons).

A movie about the folk tale titled _The Curse of La Llorona_ was released in April 2019.

## Related pages

- La Llorona (song)
Guri Dam

The **Guri Dam**, officially called the **Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant**, is a dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela. It is on the Caroni River.
Monarchy of Norway

Before the unification in 872 A.D, Norway was made up of 22 small kingdoms.They merged into larger kingdoms by the different kings (chiefs); Harald Gullskjegg, Gandalv Alvgerisson, Kjøte den rike. Vigbrand fra Agder, Vikar Haraldsson, Øystein Halvdansson in addition to Halvdan Svarte. Harald Fairhair (Harald den Hårfagre) the son of Halfdan the Black (Halvdan Svarte) unified Norway once and for all into one kingdom at the battle of Hafrsfjord. Where he fought against the five remaining Kings in the west of the country (Vestlandet).