juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Morges

**Morges** is a city in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is the capital of the district Morges.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the city of Morges
- Castle Morges

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Morges
- **municipality name**: Morges
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Morges COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Morges.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Morges (district), Morges
- **postal code**: 1110
- **municipality code**: 5642
- **area**: 3.9
- **elevation**: 374
- **population**: 15676
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.morges.ch
- **mayor**: Vincent Jaques
- **mayor asof**: March 2014
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **list of mayors**: List of mayors of Morges
- **executive name**: Municipalité
- **executive number of members**: 7
- **parliament name**: Conseil communal
- **neighboring municipalities**: Chigny, Switzerland, Chigny, Echichens, Lonay, Monnaz, Préverenges, Publier (FR-74), Tolochenaz, Vufflens-le-Château
- **twintowns**: Vertou (France), Rochefort (Belgium)
Fazenda Lageado

**Fazenda Lageado** is a farm museum in the city of Botucatu, in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.

The farm was created in 1870. In the first half of the twentieth century, it was one of the largest coffee producers in the state of São Paulo. Since the 1990s, the place has been called the "_Coffee Museum_".
Varna (Hinduism)

**Varna** is a social concept from the Brahmin leaders of Hinduism in India that came during the Vedic period. It was the basis of origin of Indian castes and the Indian caste system.

People became divided into _four classes_ depending on their type of work. Brahmins were priests and teachers. Kshatriyas were the warriors. Vaishyas did agriculture, trading and commerce. Shudras were the general working class. A common misconception is that the Vaishyas and Shudras were always looked down upon and treated badly by the Brahmins and Kshatriyas. That was true during the later part of the Vedic period but not during the earlier part.
Girard, Ohio

**Girard** is a city in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 9,603 at the 2020 census. It is part of Mahoning Valley.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Girard, Ohio
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Henry Barnhisel House in Girard.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Henry Barnhisel House
- **image map**: Trumbull County Ohio incorporated and unincorporated areas Girard highlighted.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Girard in Trumbull County within the state of Ohio
- **pushpin map**: United States
- **pushpin label**: Girard
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Girard in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision name2**: Trumbull County, Ohio, Trumbull
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 15.81
- **area land km2**: 14.61
- **area water km2**: 1.20
- **area total sq mi**: 6.10
- **area land sq mi**: 5.64
- **area water sq mi**: 0.46
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 9603
- **population density km2**: 657.26
- **population density sq mi**: 1702.36
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1001
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 44420
- **area code**: Area codes 234 and 330, 330, 234
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-30198
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2394903
- **website**: https://cityofgirard.org/
Smartism

**Smartism** is a sect of Hinduism in which, in contrast with Shaktism, Shaivism and Vaishnavism, The Smarta tradition rejects theistic sectarianism, and is notable for the domestic worship of five shrines with five deities, all treated as equal – Ganesha, Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu and Surya. The Smarta tradition contrasted with the older Shrauta tradition, which was based on elaborate rituals and rites. There has been a considerable overlap in the ideas and practices of the Smarta tradition with other significant historic movements within Hinduism, namely Shaivism, Brahmanism, Vaishnavism, and Shaktism.
Lilly Singh

**Lilly Singh** (born September 26, 1988) is a Canadian YouTuber, vlogger, comedian, television host, writer and actress. She is mostly known by her YouTube former username ***IISuperwomanII***.

## Career

She began her YouTube channel in October 2010. She has gotten over 3 billion total views on YouTube and over 15 million subscribers. She has a second channel, titled "Lilly Singh Vlogs". In 2016, she was said to be the third most paid YouTuber at $7.5 million.

In 2016, she got her first movie. It was called _A Trip to Unicorn Island_.

In 2017, she published her first book. It was called _How to Be a Bawse: A Guide to Conquering Life_.

In March 2019, it was announced that she would host her own NBC late-night talk show. It is called _A Little Late with Lilly Singh_.

## Personal life

In February 2019, Singh came out as bisexual.

## Other websites

- Lilly Singh  channel website

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: Lilly Singh
- **image**: LillySingh.jpg
- **caption**: Singh in 2022
- **views**: 3 billion
- **birth place**: Scarborough, Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian
- **education**: York University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **pseudonym**: IISuperwomanII (2010-2019)
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **subscribers**: 15 million
- **network**: Studio 71
- **gold year**: 2013
- **diamond year**: 2016
- **silver button**: yes
- **gold button**: yes
- **diamond button**: yes
Pyotr Deynekin

**Pyotr Stepanovich Deynekin** (14 December 1937 – 19 August 2017) was a Soviet-Russian general. He was born in Morozovsk, Russia. In 1997, he was awarded the Hero of the Russian Federation.

In 1969, he graduated from the USSR Air Force Academy. From 1991 to 1992, he was commander-in-chief of the air force and deputy defense minister of the USSR. In 1992, he served as commander-in-chief of the Air Force of the Commonwealth of Independent States. From 1992 until his death, he was the commanding officer of the Air Force of the Russian Federation. He retired in 2002.

Deynekin died on 19 August 2017 in Moscow at the age of 79.
Alfonso Azpiri

**Alfonso Azpiri Mejía** (17 January 1947 − August 18, 2017) was a Spanish comic book artist, whose work was mainly of the adult variety. He was born in Madrid. His work has been translated and published in a number of magazines, including _Heavy Metal_ and _Penthouse Comix_.

Azpiri's best known works were Lorna, a Barbarella-like space adventurer who travels the galaxy accompanied by two droids, the R2D2-like ADL and the C-3PO-like Arnold.

Azpiri died on August 18, 2017 in Madrid at the age of 69 of a heart attack.

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **image**: Alfonso Azpiri.jpg
- **caption**: Azpiri at a book signing
- **alt**: Azpiri signing at the _Barcelona, 27è Saló Internacional del Còmic de Barcelona_
- **birth date**: 1947
- **birth place**: Madrid
- **nationality**: Spanish
- **cartoonist**: y
- **write**: y
- **art**: y
- **subcat**: Spanish
Duncan Russell

**Duncan Russell** (12 March 1958 – 18 August 2017) was an English football manager. He was born in London, England. He was the manager of Conference National side Mansfield Town until 12 May 2011 when they decided not to renew his contract.

Russell died in London of liver cancer on 18 August 2017 at the age of 59.
Janusz Głowacki

**Janusz Andrzej Głowacki** (13 September 1938 – 19 August 2017) was a Polish-American playwright, essayist and screenwriter. He was born in Poznań, Poland.

His best known works include _Antigone in New York_, _Fortinbras Gets Drunk_, _The Fourth Sister_, and _Hunting Cockroaches_. He has won many awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship, the Jurzykowski Prize, the Tony Cox Award and the Czesław Miłosz Award.

Głowacki died on 19 August 2017 in New York City, New York at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- Glowacki's homepage
- Janusz Głowacki at Culture.pl
Sonny Burgess

**Albert Austin** "**Sonny**" **Burgess** (May 28, 1929 – August 18, 2017) was an American rockabilly guitarist and singer. He was born in Newport, Arkansas. He was known for working with fellow country musician D. J. Fontana. He gained popularity in Europe during most of his career. Burgess was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame of Europe in 1999.

Burgess died of complications from a fall in Little Rock, Arkansas on August 18, 2017 at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Sonny Burgess and the Pacers
- Critical acclaim in 1996
- Radio program hosted by Sonny Burgess.
D. J. Fontana

**Dominic Joseph "D. J." Fontana** (March 15, 1931 – June 13, 2018) was an American musician. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He was best known as the drummer for Elvis Presley for 14 years. He played on over 460 RCA cuts with Elvis. He also played for The Blue Moon Boys and Sonny Burgess.

On April 4, 2009, Fontana was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland in the sidemen category.

Fontana died on June 13, 2018 in Nashville, Tennessee from complications of a broken hip at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- D. J. Fontana TCB website
- Interview with D. J. Fontana
- Rockabilly Hall of Fame
- Drummerworld.com
- DJ Fontana Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2001)
Don Shepherd

**Donald John Shepherd** (12 August 1927 – 18 August 2017) was a Welsh cricketer. He played for Glamorgan. One of the great county bowlers, he took more first-class wickets, 2,218 at 21.32 each, than any other player who never played Test cricket. He was born in Port Eynon, Glamorgan, Wales.

Shepherd played regularly to the end of the 1971 season, and then retired from first-class cricket after a few games in 1972. He often appeared as a summariser on BBC Radio Wales coverage of Glamorgan matches.

Shepherd died on 18 August 2017 in Glamorgan, Wales of vascular dementia, aged 90.
Venero Mangano

**Venero Frank "Benny Eggs" Mangano** (September 7, 1921 – August 18, 2017) was an American criminal. He was the underboss of the Genovese crime family. Since boss Daniel "Danny the Lion" Leo was imprisoned in 2007, Mangano was the family's senior leader outside prison. The nickname "Benny Eggs" came from his mother running an egg farm. He was released from prison on November 2, 2006, after serving a 15-year sentence for extortion.

## Windows case

From 1978 to 1990, four of the five crime families of New York formed a cartel of window replacement companies. The cartel eventually controlled over $150 million in contracts from the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA).

## Convictions

As a member of the Genovese crime family, Mangano had a notable criminal record;
- October 7, 1946 - Bookmaking - $50 fine
- May 15, 1947 - Bookmaking - $200 fine
- October 8, 1950 - Bookmaking - $200 fine and 60 days imprisonment
- February 21, 1961 - Bookmaking - $250 fine and 90 days imprisonment
- August 6, 1981 - Civil contempt for refusing to testify once granted immunity - incarcerated from August 18, 1981 to April 22, 1982.

## After jail

In 1997, while still in prison, Mangano was called to testify against boss Gigante. He refused to testify, saying, "What do you want to do, shoot me?" and "Shoot me, but I'm not going to answer any questions". He later took the witness stand, but refused to answer any questions, invoking his Fifth Amendment rights.

## Death

Mangano died of congestive heart failure in New York City on August 18, 2017 at the age of 95.

## More readings

- Jacobs, James B., Coleen Friel and Robert Radick. _Gotham Unbound: How New York City Was Liberated from the Grip of Organized Crime_. New York: NYU Press, 2001.
- Raab, Selwyn. _Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires_. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Venero Frank Mangano
- **image name**: Mangano, Venero Frank -6- small.jpg
- **image size**: 270px
- **image caption**: Venero Mangano in 1990.
- **nationality**: Italian American
- **birth place**: Lower Manhattan, New York City
- **death place**: Greenwich Village, New York City
- **cause**: Congestive heart failure
- **alias**: "Benny", "Benny Eggs"
- **conviction**: Extortion, conspiracy
- **conviction penalty**: 15 years
- **conviction status**: Released
- **spouse**: Louise
- **children**: Rosanna, Joseph, Flemme Gasque
Dominick Cirillo

**Dominick Vincent "Quiet Dom" Cirillo** (July 4, 1929 – January 14, 2024) was an American gangster. He was a high-ranking member of the Genovese crime family, who briefly served as acting boss for the imprisoned Boss Vincent "Chin" Gigante. He was born in Harlem, New York.

Cirillo represented the Genoveses in their dealings with the other Mafia families of New York City after Gigante was jailed, though Gigante remained in overall charge of the family. In this way, Cirillo served as "acting boss", and was seen by US authorities as the most powerful member of the Genovese family. However, in 1998 Cirillo stepped down as acting boss because of a heart attack.

On August 22, 2008, the 79-year-old Cirillo was released from federal prison after serving more than three years.

Cirillo died on January 14, 2024, at the age of 94.
Roger Pinto Molina

**Roger Pinto Molina** (23 April 1960 – 16 August 2017) was a Bolivian right-wing politician. Pinto was born in Santa Rosa, Beni. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1997, from the single-member constituency 67 in Pando (covering areas in the provinces Nicolás Suárez, Manuripi and General Federico Román) as a Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) candidate.

In 2005, Pinto was elected to the Senate as a Podemos candidate from Pando. He served as the head of the Podemos faction in the Senate. He was reelected to the Senate in 2009, as a candidate of Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence.

Pinto was accused of involvement in the September 11, 2008 massacre in Porvenir. Until his death, he sought refuge in the Brazilian Embassy in La Paz. He was granted asylum in Brazil but was not given safe conduct by Evo Morales Government to leave Bolivia.

Molina was killed in a plane crash on 16 August 2017 in Brazil at the age of 58.
Lucien N. Nedzi

**Lucien Norbert Nedzi** (May 28, 1925 – June 9, 2025) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the State of Michigan from 1961 to 1981.

## Early life

Nedzi was born in Hamtramck, Michigan. He studied at the University of Detroit and at the University of Michigan.

## U.S. Representative

Nedzi was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 1st congressional district to the 87th United States Congress in a special election in 1961 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative Thaddeus M. Machrowicz. He was re-elected in the 1962 election and two years later he was elected from the 14th district and every two years after that until he declined to seek re-election in the 1980 election.  In all, he served from November 7, 1961 to January 3, 1981.

Nedzi chaired the House Select Committee on Intelligence, known as the **Nedzi Committee**, from February 1975 until he controversially resigned in June; the successor was the Pike Committee. In addition, Nedzi chaired the Joint Committee on the Library from 1973 to 1979 and the Committee on House Administration from 1979 to 1981.

## Death

Nedzi died on June 9, 2025 in Chantilly, Virginia at the age of 100.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Lucien Nedzi-96th Congress (1979).jpeg
- **caption**: Nedzi from the Congressional pictorial directory, 1979
- **office**: Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan
- **constituency**: (1961-1965)
 (1965-1981)
- **term start**: November 7, 1961
- **term end**: January 3, 1981
- **predecessor**: Thaddeus M. Machrowicz
- **successor**: Dennis Hertel
- **office2**: Public Administrator of Wayne County, Michigan
- **term start2**: January 1, 1955
- **term end2**: November 7, 1961
- **birth name**: Lucien Norbert Nedzi
- **birth place**: Hamtramck, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Chantilly, Virginia, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: University of Michigan (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Detroit School of Law, University of Detroit (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **children**: 5
- **branch**:
United States Army Reserve
- **serviceyears**: 1944–1946 (active)
1946–1953 (reserve)
- **battles**: World War II
Korean War
Weston E. Vivian

**Weston "Wes" Edward Vivian** (October 25, 1924 – December 4, 2020) was a Canadian-born American politician and retired engineer. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Michigan's 2nd congressional district from January 3, 1965 through January 3, 1967. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Vivian was born in Newfoundland, Canada. He studied at Union College, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Vivian died on December 4, 2020 in Ann Arbor at the age of 96.

## Other websites

- The Political Graveyard
Philip Ruppe

**Philip Edward Ruppe** (born September 29, 1926) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1967 to 1979 before running, unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 1982.

He is a Korean War veteran, having served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy. After leaving the U.S. House, Ruppe became active in business before running for election, without success, to the 103rd Congress.

## Other websites

- The Political Graveyard

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Philip Edward Ruppe
- **image name**: Philip Ruppe.jpg
- **birth place**: Laurium, Michigan, Laurium, Michigan
- **state**: Michigan
- **district**: Michigan's 11th congressional district, 11th
- **term start**: January 3, 1967
- **term end**: January 3, 1979
- **preceded**: Raymond F. Clevenger
- **succeeded**: Robert William Davis, Robert W. Davis
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **alma mater**: Central Michigan University
University of Michigan
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **rank**: Lieutenant
Dale Kildee

**Dale Edward Kildee** (September 16, 1929 – October 13, 2021) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Michigan, serving from 1977 until 2013. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

His district included Flint, Saginaw and Bay City. In July 2011, Kildee announced he would retire after his current term was up in 2012.

In November, 2011, Patrick Kildee, a second cousin of the congressman, accused Kildee of sexually abusing him more than 50 years ago when he was 12 years old. In response Kildee called the allegation untrue.

Kildee died on October 13, 2021 in Flint, Michigan at the age of 92.

## Other websites

- Official U.S. House webpage

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dale Kildee
- **image**: Dale Kildee, official portrait, 111th Congress.jpg
- **state**: Michigan
- **district**: Michigan's 5th congressional district, 5th
- **term start**: January 3, 2003
- **term end**: January 3, 2013
- **preceded**: Jim Barcia
- **succeeded**: Dan Kildee
- **state2**: Michigan
- **district2**: Michigan's 9th congressional district, 9th
- **term start2**: January 3, 1993
- **term end2**: January 3, 2003
- **preceded2**: Guy Vander Jagt
- **succeeded2**: Joe Knollenberg
- **state3**: Michigan
- **district3**: Michigan's 7th congressional district, 7th
- **term start3**: January 3, 1977
- **term end3**: January 3, 1993
- **preceded3**: Donald W. Riegle, Jr., Donald Riegle
- **succeeded3**: Nick H. Smith, Nick Smith
- **state senate4**: Michigan
- **district4**: 29th
- **term start4**: January 1975
- **term end4**: December 1976
- **predecessor4**: Garland B. Lane
- **successor4**: Harold J. Scott
- **state house5**: Michigan
- **district5**: 81st
- **term start5**: January 1965
- **term end5**: December 1974
- **successor5**: Mark Clodfelter
- **birth place**: Flint, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Flint, Michigan, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **spouse**: Gayle Kildee
- **children**: Paul
Laura
David
- **alma mater**: Sacred Heart Seminary
University of Michigan
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Teacher
- **committees**: House Committee on Education (senior)
Early Childhood Committee
subcommittee on Native American and Alaska Native Affairs
Colin Meads

Sir **Colin Earl Meads** (3 June 1936 – 20 August 2017) was a New Zealand rugby union player, coach and manager.

## Early life and Career

He was born in Cambridge, New Zealand. He played 55 test matches (133 total games), most frequently in the lock forward position, for New Zealand's national team, the All Blacks, from 1957 until 1971.

Nicknamed 'Pinetree', he was an icon within New Zealand rugby, and was named the country's Player of the Century at the NZRFU Awards in 1999.

Meads died on 20 August 2017 in Te Kuiti, New Zealand of pancreatic cancer at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- NZ Rugby Museum profile
- Player listing from Planet Rugby

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Colin Earl Meads
- **image**: Sir Colin Meads 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Meads in August 2015
- **birth date**: 3 June 1936
- **birth place**: Cambridge, New Zealand, India
- **nationality**: New Zealanders
- **death place**: Te Kuiti, New Zealand
- **occupation**: Coach and manager
Sirkka Selja

**Sirkka Selja** (20 March 1920 – 17 August 2017) was a Finnish poet and writer. She was born in Koski Hl, nowadays Hollola, Finland. Her real name was **Sirkka-Liisa Tulonen**.

Her first book was published in 1942 titled _Still I Live_. In addition to poems, her production includes a play and two listening works. Selja was awarded with the State Literature Prize of Finland in 1958, the Pro Finlandia in 1970, the Aleksis Kivi Prize in  1987 and the P. Mustapää Prize in 2007.

Selja died on 17 August 2017 of pneumonia in Hollola, Finland at the age of 97.
Five Star Movement

The **Five Star Movement** (**M5S**; Italian: _Movimento 5 Stelle_) is an Italian political party. The leader is Giuseppe Conte.

The party was formed by Beppe Grillo and Gianroberto Casaleggio in October 2009. Beppe Grillo served as leader of the party from 2009 to 2017. In September 2017, Luigi Di Maio became leader of the party.

After the 2018 elections, the Five Star Movement became the largest party in the Italian Parliament. Also, the party formed a coalition with the right-wing Lega Nord.

After the break of the Cabinet, the party formed a coalition in the next Cabinet with the Democratic Party.

From 2014, the party has was a member of the Eurosceptic Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) group in the European Parliament. However, in 2017 party members of the Five Star Movement voted to leave the EFDD.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Five Star Movement
 Movimento Cinque Stelle
M5S
- **logo**:
- **colorcode**: yellow
- **leader**: Giuseppe Conte
- **leader1 title**: Leader
- **founded**: 2009
- **founder**: Beppe Grillo
Gianroberto Casaleggio
- **country**: Italy
- **ideology**: Populism
E-democracy
Direct democracy
Environmentalism
Anti-establishment
Antiglobalization, Anti-globalisation
Optare Alero

The **Optare Alero** was a low-floor minibus, it was made from 2001 to 2008 by Optare. Most Aleros were used for rural routes.

## Alero

From 2001 to 2006, Optare made the **Alero**.

## Alero Plus

From 2006 to 2008, Optare made the **Alero Plus**.

## Other websites

- Product description in Optare website (Web Archive 2007/12/24)
- Bus and Coach Buyer Issue 990 Page 11
Nati Mistral

**Natividad Macho Álvarez** (13 December 1928 – 20 August 2017) was a Spanish movie and stage actress better known by the stage name **Nati Mistral**. She was born in Madrid, Spain.

Mistral was known for her movie roles in _The Captain's Ship_ (1947), _Gold and Ivory_ (1947), _Currito of the Cross_ (1949), _Service at Sea_ (1951), _Cabaret_ (1953), _Lovers of Toledo_ (1953), _My Street_ (1960), and in _Mis tres amores_ (1971). She won the National Theater Prize in 1997.

Mistral died of complications from a stroke in Madrid on 20 August 2017 at the age of 88.
Bou Regreg

The **Bou Regreg** () is a river in western Morocco. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean between the cities of Rabat and Salé.  The mouth of this river is called **Wadi Sala**.

The river is 240 kilometres long, with a tidal estuary going approximately 24 kilometres upriver. Its average discharge is 23 m<sup>3</sup>/s and can reach 1500 m<sup>3</sup>/s during floods. The source of the river is the Middle Atlas mountains at an altitude of 1627 meters on the level of Jbel Mtourzgane (Province of Khemisset) and of Grou (Province of Khénifra).

## Water quality

Water quality issues of the Bou Regreg include tidal saltwater intrusion, excessive runoff of nitrates from agricultural land uses and mercury contamination from use of some pesticides in the drainage basin.

## History

The Phoenicians and the Carthaginians, who founded several colonies in Morocco, inhabited the banks of the Bou Regreg approximately two kilometers from its mouth at the ancient site of Chellah.  This archaeological site contains the ruins of a Roman town known as Sala Colonia and referred to as Sala by Ptolemy.  Chellah was a significant ancient port city with remains including the Decumanus Maximus, or principal roadway, as well as a forum, a monumental fountain, a triumphal arch, and other Roman ruins.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Bou Regreg
- **image**: BouRegreg.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **image caption**: Valley of the Bou Regreg near Rabat, Morocco
- **mouth location**: Atlantic Ocean
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **subdivision name1**: Morocco
Vicente Sota

**Vicente Sota Barros** (28 April 1924 – 16 August 2017) was a Chilean politician. He was born in Talca, Chile. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Party until, switching as a member of the Party for Democracy from 1987, until his death in 2017.

Sota served as Deputy President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1965 to 1969 and again from 1990 to 1998. He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 1995.

Sota died on 16 August 2017, in Santiago de Chile at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- Biography of Vicente Sota at the National Congressional Library of Chile
Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco

**Princess Lalla Salma** (, ; born 10 May 1977, Fes) was a princess of Morocco as the wife of the Prince of Morocco. She belongs to the Bennani family who were originally Jewish converts to Islam.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **consort**: yes
- **name**: Princess Lalla Salma
- **alt**: The princess consort of Morocco, Lalla Salma, in her 34th year
- **image**: File:Princess Lalla Salma.jpg
- **caption**: Lalla Salma in 2012
- **succession**: Princess consort of Morocco
- **reign**: 21 March 2002 – present
- **predecessor**: Lalla Latifa Amahzoune (1999)
- **spouse**: Mohammed VI of Morocco (m. 2002; div. 2018)
- **father**: Hadj Abdelhamid Bennani
- **mother**: Naïma Bensouda
- **religion**: Islam
- **birth name**: Salma Bennani
- **birth place**: Fez, Morocco
Coat of arms of Morocco

The current **coat of arms of Morocco** (formally, the royal coat of arms) was introduced 14 August 1957. It was developed by the graphic artists Gauthier and Hainaut and shows a green pentagram, specifically a two-dimensional Penrose pentacle on a red background before the Atlas Mountains and a rising sun. The royal crown is on top. Two lions function as the holders of the shield. On the ribbon underneath, the Arabic inscription is written: () (_If you glorify God, He will glorify you_) (Quran, Verse 7, Sura 47).

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Coat of arms of Morocco
- **image**: Coat of arms of Morocco.svg
- **image width**: 200
- **armiger**: King of Morocco
- **year adopted**: 1957
- **shield**: Per fess Azure and Gules, a fess embowed  Argent charged with the Atlas Mountain range proper, in chief a Rising sun Or, in base a Pentagram Vert, reaching over the mountain range.
- **crest**: The Royal crown of Morocco Or, adorned with pearls alternating Gules and Vert surmounted by a 5-pointed Seal of Solomon Or.
- **supporters**: On the dexter a lion rampant and on the sinister a lion rampant guardant both proper
- **motto**: If you glorify God, he will glorify you
Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco

**Crown Prince Moulay** (born 8 May 2003) is the heir apparent to  the Moroccan throne. He is the only son of King Mohammed VI of Morocco and his wife Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco. He has a younger sister, Princess Lalla Khadija. He is named after his grandfather Hassan II; who ascends the throne, he is expected to reign as Hassan III.

In 2013 Hassan began appearing in public with his father at official engagements.

Title

8 May 2003 His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Morocco

## Honours

- : Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic (31 May 2014).

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Moulay Hassan
- **title**: Crown prince, Crown Prince of Morocco
- **full name**: Hassan ibn Mohammed Al-Alaoui (Hassan bin Mohammed bin Hassan bin Mohammed bin Yousef bin Hassan bin Mohammed bin Abderrahmane bin Hisham bin Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Ismail bin Moulay Ali Charif)
- **image**: Moulay Hassan in 2018.jpg
- **caption**: _Moulay Hassan_' (2018)
- **house**: Alaouite
- **birth place**: Royal Palace, Rabat, Morocco
- **father**: Mohammed VI of Morocco, Mohammed VI
- **mother**: Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco, Lalla Salma
- **religion**: Sunni Islam


## Infobox (hrhstyles)

- **royal name**: Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco
- **image**: Coat of arms of Morocco.svg
- **dipstyle**: His Royal Highness
- **offstyle**: Your Royal Highness
Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco

**Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco** (born 28 February 2007) is the second child of Mohammed VI of Morocco and his wife, Princess Lalla Salma. Lalla Khadija's elder brother is Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco.

In honour of her birth, the king granted a royal pardon to thousands of prison inmates. Khadija visited Tunisia with her mother Lalla Salma in June 2009.

Title

28 February 2007 Her Royal Highness Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Lalla Khadija
- **house**: Alaouite
- **birth place**: Royal Palace, Agadir, Morocco
- **father**: Mohammed VI of Morocco, Mohammed VI of Morocco
- **mother**: Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco
- **religion**: Islam


## Infobox (hrhstyles)

- **royal name**: Princess Lalla Khadija of Morocco
- **image**: Coat of arms of Morocco.svg
- 70px
- **dipstyle**: Her Royal Highness
- **offstyle**: Your Royal Highness
Lalla (title)

**Lalla** () (literally, "lady") is a (tamazight) Amazigh title of respect. The title is a prefix to her given name or personal name, and is used by females usually of noble or royal background. It may also be used to address older women out of respect. Any woman believed to be descended from Muhammad has the title of Lalla. Likewise, any man who is believed to be descended from Muhammad has the title of Sidi or Moulay (Moulay being a higher honorific).
Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco

**Princess Lalla Meryem also written /Myriam** (born 26 August 1962) is the eldest daughter and child of Late King Hassan II and Princess Lalla Latifa.

After she obtained her Baccalaureat in 1981, Princess Lalla Meryem was appointed by her father as the President of Social Works of the FAT.

On 15 September 1984, she married Fuad Filali (born 1957), the son of former Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister Abdellatif Filali. They had two children: a daughter and a son:
- _Sharifa_ Lalla Soukaïna Filali (born 30 April 1986 in Rabat). On 11 October 2013 married Mohammed El Mehdi Regragui. On 27 September 2015, she gave birth to twins.
- _Moulay_ Idris Filali (born 11 July 1988 in Rabat).

Lalla Meryem divorced from Fuad Filali in 1999.

Princess Meryem has two brothers King Mohammed VI and Prince Moulay Rachid, and two sisters Lalla Asma and Lalla Hasna.

Holder of numerous prestigious official functions, Princess Meryem has focused much of her activities on the social and cultural realm. Princess Meryem is the President of the Moroccan association in support of UNICEF, President of the Hassan II Foundation for the Moroccans residing abroad, President of the Moroccan National Observatory of the Childs Rights and President of the Hassan II Foundation for the social works of the former soldiers and ex-combatants. In July 2001, she was nominated UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador with focus her Ambassadorship on UNESCO projects for women and children. Also Member of the Honorary Committee of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children.

Since 2003 she is President of the National Union of Moroccan Women (UNFM).

Using her Royal status, she continues her work on behalf of women and children and advocate their rights on an international level.

### National honours

- Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Throne.

### Foreign honours

- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (United Kingdom, 27/10/1980).
- Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (Portuguese Republic, 25/08/1994).
- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic (Kingdom of Spain, 16 September 2000).
- Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit (Lebanese Republic, 17/07/2001).

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Myriam (Lalla Myriam)
- **title**: Princess of Morocco
- **full name**: Lalla Meryem
- **royal house**: Alaouite dynasty, Alaouite
- **house-type**: Dynasty
- **father**: Hassan II of Morocco, King Hassan II of Morocco
- **mother**: Lalla Latifa, Lalla Latifa Hammou
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **spouse**: Fuad Filali (1984-1999)
- **issue**: _Sharifa Lalla_ Soukaïna Filali
_Moulay_ Idris Filali
- **religion**: Islam
Tarfaya Province

**Tarfaya** is a province in the Moroccan economic region of Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, which includes the southwestern part of the territory of Morocco as of before 1975, and the northern part of the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Its population in 2004 was 10420. Its main town is Tarfaya.

In the north-east of the province, Khenifiss National Park is located.

## Subdivisions

The province is divided administratively into the following:

|Name|Geographic code|Type|Households|Population (2004)|Foreign population|Moroccan population|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Tarfaya|321.01.05.|Municipality|1,328|5,615|1|5,614||
|Akhfennir|321.05.01.|Rural commune|343|1,583|1|1,582||
|Tah|321.05.07.|Rural commune|242|1,255|0|1,255||
|Daoura|321.05.03.|Rural commune|192|878|2|876|(eh)|
|El Hagounia|321.05.05.|Rural commune|180|1,089|0|1,089|(eh)|

Notes :
- Before 2009, these communes were part of the  Laâyoune Province.
- (eh) The two communes of Daoura and El Hagounia are located for their largest part in Western Sahara.
Khenifiss National Park

**Khenifiss National Park** () is a national park in the southwest of Morocco, located near Akhfennir on the Atlantic coast in the region of Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra. It was established in 2006. The area of the park is . The national park was created to protect desert, wetlands, and coastal dunes.

The park was first created as a natural reserve in 1960, and in 1980, it was classified as a wetland of international importance. In 1983, the natural reserve was transformed into a Permanent Biological Reserve, and on September 26, 2006, the national park was created.

The park is located at the coast of Atlantic Ocean, north of the border with Western Sahara, between the towns of Tan-Tan (north) and Tarfaya (south). The National Route 1, which runs along the Atlantic coast of Morocco, passes through the park.

The park includes a coastal portion, the Khenfiss lagoon, the biggest lagoon at the Moroccan coast, and the inland portion, located on desert plateaus. The lagoon is also an important bird nesting ground. Ruddy shelduck, marbled duck, and Audouin's gull inhabit the lagoon permanently, and a big number of species migrate here in winter. Every year, about 20,000 birds stay in the lagoon area in the winter season.

The inland part includes sabkhas and is typical for Sahara landscapes. It also includes sand dunes and limestone plateaus.

The government declared its intention to turn the park into a major tourist attraction specializing in ecotourism.

## World Heritage Status

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 12/10/1998 in the natural category.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Khenifiss National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Khenfiss dunes.jpg
- **photo caption**: Sand dunes in the park, with the Atlantic Ocean in the background
- **map**: Morocco
- **relief**: 1
- **location**: Morocco
- **nearest city**: Tan-Tan, Tarfaya
- **established**: September 26, 2006
Akhfennir

**Akhfennir** is a small town in Tarfaya Province, in the Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region of Morocco. The area is noted for Khenifiss National Park and Tarfaya-Akhfenir Wind Farm.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Akhfennir
- **settlement type**: Town
- **pushpin map**: Morocco
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Morocco
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Morocco, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Morocco, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Tarfaya Province
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **timezone**: Western European Time, WET
- **utc offset**: +0
- **timezone dst**: Western European Summer Time, WEST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
Donald McKenzie (disambiguation)

**Don** or **Donald McKenzie** (also **Mackenzie** or **MacKenzie**) may refer to:

- McKenzie
- Don McKenzie (curler), Canadian curler, see 1988 Hexagon World Men's Curling Championship
- Don McKenzie (footballer, born 1927), Scottish footballer (Grimsby Town)
- Don McKenzie (footballer, born 1939), Australian rules footballer with Essendon
- Don McKenzie (footballer, born 1942), Australian rules footballer and coach of Footscray
- Don McKenzie (sports medicine), Canadian founder of _Abreast In A Boat_
- Don McKenzie (swimmer) (born 1947), American Olympic swimmer
- Donald Gordon McKenzie (1887–1963), member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
- Donnie McKenzie (born 1960), British Olympic fencer

- MacKenzie
- Donald MacKenzie (rower) (1879–?), Canadian rower who won a medal at the 1904 Summer Olympics
- Donald Angus MacKenzie, (born 1950) professor of sociology at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland
- Donald MacKenzie (Ontario politician), provincial politician from Middlesex East, 1883-1886

- Mackenzie
- Donald Mackenzie, Lord Mackenzie (1818–1875), Scottish judge, styled Lord Mackenzie
- Donald Mackenzie (explorer) (1753–1851), Scottish-Canadian explorer and governor of the Red River Settlement
- Donald Alexander Mackenzie (1873–1936), Scottish journalist and writer on mythology
- Donald Mackenzie-Kennedy, Governor of Nyasaland (1939–1942)

- Other
- _The Strength of Donald McKenzie_, 1916 American silent short film
Bajram Rexhepi

**Bajram Rexhepi** (3 June 1954 – 21 August 2017) was a Kosovar politician. He was the former Interior Minister of the Republic of Kosovo and was member of the Kosovo Assembly. He was also the first elected post-war Prime Minister of Kosovo. He was a member of the second largest political party in Kosovo, the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Bajram Rexhepi.jpg
- **name**: Bajram Rexhepi
- **office1**: Minister of Internal Affairs of Kosovo
- **term start1**: 1 April 2010
- **term end1**: 12 December 2014
- **predecessor1**: Zenun Pajaziti
- **successor1**: Skënder Hyseni
- **office2**: 1st Prime Minister of Kosovo#UN-administered Kosovo, Prime Minister of Kosovo
- **term start2**: 4 March 2002
- **term end2**: 3 December 2004
- **predecessor2**: Bujar Bukoshi
- **successor2**: Ramush Haradinaj
- **birth place**: Mitrovica, Kosovo, Mitrovica, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia
- **death place**: In a Turkish hospital, Turkey
- **party**: Democratic Party of Kosovo
Mohamed Refaat El-Saeed

**Mohammed Refaat El-Saeed** ( _Muhammad Rifaʻatu s-Saʻīd_, 11 October 1932 ­– 17 August 2017) was an Egyptian politician, scholar and writer. He served as the general secretary of the National Progressive Unionist Party (Tagammu). El-Saeed held two doctorates in history, and was a part-time lecturer at the American University in Cairo. El-Saeed was a frequent contributor to _al-Ahali_, the Tagammu party organ.

El-Saeed died on 17 August 2017 at the age of 84.
Abdur Razzak

**Abdur Razzak** (23 January 1942 – 21 August 2017) was a Bangladeshi actor and movie director. He was known as **Nayak Raj**, a title given by Ahmed Zaman Chowdhury, editor of _Chitrali_. He was given the Independence Day Award in 2015 by the Government of Bangladesh. He received National Film Awards (Bangladesh) for Best Actor for five times and received Lifetime Achievement Awards in 2013.

His first big break in cinema came with his role in Zahir Raihan's _Behula_ (1966). He went on to make more than 300 appearances in Bengali and Urdu movies. He also directed around sixteen movies.

Razzak was a UNFPA goodwill ambassador.

## Other websites

- The Beginning of Super Star – Nayakraaj Razzak The Legendary Actor

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abdur Razzak
- **birth place**: Naktala, South Kolkata, West Bengal, British India
- **death place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **occupation**: Actor, producer, director
- **years active**: 1964–2016
- **spouse**: Khairunnesa Laxmi
- **parents**: Akbar Hossain (father)
 Nisarunnesa (mother)
- **awards**: Independence Day Award
Brian Aldiss

**Brian Wilson Aldiss**, OBE (; 18 August 1925 – 19 August 2017) was an English writer and anthologies editor. He was best known for science fiction novels and short stories. His byline reads either **Brian W. Aldiss** or simply **Brian Aldiss**, except for occasional pseudonyms during the mid-1960s.

## Work

Greatly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Aldiss was a vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society. He was (with Harry Harrison) co-president of the Birmingham Science Fiction Group.

Aldiss was named a Grand Master by the Science Fiction Writers of America in 2000, and inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2004. He received two Hugo Awards, one Nebula Award, and one John W. Campbell Memorial Award. He wrote the short story "Super-Toys Last All Summer Long" (1969), the basis for the Stanley Kubrick-developed Steven Spielberg movie _A.I. Artificial Intelligence_. Aldiss was associated with the British New Wave of science fiction.

## Death

Aldiss died at his Oxford home one day after his 92nd birthday on 19 August 2017.

## Other websites

- Brian Aldiss  at British Council: Literature
- _Guardian_ newspaper profile
- Brian Aldiss's online fiction  at _Free Speculative Fiction Online_
- 'Metropolis'  limited edition fine art print by Brian Aldiss
- "Supertoys Last All Summer Long" story by Brian Aldiss (Jan 1997)
- Brian Aldiss Collection  at the University of South Florida

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Brian Aldiss
- **image**: Brian Aldiss 2005.JPG
- **caption**: Aldiss at 63rd World Science Fiction Convention, Interaction in Glasgow, 2005
- **birth place**: East Dereham, Norfolk, England
- **death place**: Oxford, England
- **pseudonym**: Jael Cracken, Dr. Peristyle, C. C. Shackleton
- **occupation**: Writer, editor, artist
- **period**: 1954–2017 (as writer)
- **genre**: Science fiction
- **notableworks**: Helliconia trilogy, "Super-Toys Last All Summer Long"
Helmut Piirimäe

**Helmut Piirimäe** (September 8, 1930 — 21 August 2017) was an Estonian historian. He was born Põltsamaa, Estonia. He was _professor emeritus_ of University of Tartu, and an honorary doctor of University of Uppsala. Piirimäe researched Estonian history under the Swedish Empire in the 17th century, but also the Enlightenment in the 18th century, especially the French Revolution.

Piirimäe was married to art historian Krista Piirimäe. They had three sons and a daughter.

Piirimäe died on 21 August 2017 in Tartu, Estonia at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Helmut Piirimäe's publications  (in Estonian)
Paavo Lonkila

**Paavo Olavi Lonkila** (_Paavo Lång_; 11 January 1923 – 23 September 2017) was a Finnish cross-country skier. He was born in Kiuruvesi, Finland.

Lonkila won a gold medal in the 4×10 km relay at the 1952 Olympics and finished third in the individual 18 km race, 11 seconds behind his teammate Tapio Mäkelä. Earlier his 4×10 km relay team placed second at the 1950 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, where he finished fifth over 18 km. He won the 18 km event at the 1951 Holmenkollen ski festival. Lonkila was a farmer by occupation.

Lonkila died on 23 September 2017 in Kiuruvesi, Finland at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Holmenkollen winners since 1892  – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
- Paavo Lonkila, a Famous Kiuruvesi sportsman)
Christopher G. Kennedy

**Christopher George Kennedy** (born July 4, 1963) is an American businessman. He is Chair of Joseph P. Kennedy Enterprises, Inc. He is a son of former U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a member of the Kennedy family. Kennedy served as Chair of the Board of Trustees for the University of Illinois from 2009 to 2015. Until April 2012, he was also president of Merchandise Mart Properties, a commercial property management firm based in Chicago.

He was a candidate in the Democratic Party primary for Governor of Illinois in the 2018 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Christopher G. Kennedy
- **image**: Chris Kennedy Chi Hack Night 15 (cropped).png
- **birth name**: Christopher George Kennedy
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **office**: Chair of the University of Illinois system, University of Illinois
Board of Trustees
- **predecessor**: Niranjan Shah
- **successor**: Edward McMillan
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: Four
- **parents**: Robert F. Kennedy
Ethel Kennedy, Ethel Skakel
- **relatives**: _See Kennedy family_
- **residence**: Kenilworth, Illinois
- **profession**: Businessman