juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
St. Joseph metropolitan area

The **St. Joseph metropolitan area** of Northeastern Kansas and Northwestern Missouri is a mixture of towns, cities and villages. The main city is St. Joseph, Missouri. According to 2020 Census reports, the metropolitan region had just under 122,000 people living there.

## Counties

- Andrew County, Missouri
- Buchanan County, Missouri
- DeKalb County, Missouri
- Doniphan County, Kansas

### Places with more than 70,000 inhabitants

- St. Joseph, Missouri (Principal city) Pop: 72,473

### Places with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants

- Cameron, Missouri (partial) Pop: 8,513
- Savannah, Missouri Pop: 5,069
- Country Club, Missouri Pop: 2,487
- Gower, Missouri (partial) Pop: 1,533
- Wathena, Kansas Pop: 1,246
- Elwood, Kansas Pop: 1,125
- Maysville, Missouri Pop: 1,095

### Places with fewer than 999 inhabitants

- Troy, Kansas Pop: 964
- Highland, Kansas Pop: 903
- Stewartsville, Missouri Pop: 733
- Agency, Missouri Pop: 671
- Dearborn, Missouri (partial) Pop: 496
- Osborn, Missouri (partial) Pop: 423
- Union Star, Missouri Pop: 380
- Clarksdale, Missouri Pop: 245
- Amazonia, Missouri Pop: 238
- De Kalb, Missouri Pop: 233
- Easton, Missouri Pop: 227
- Rushville, Missouri Pop: 225
- Fillmore, Missouri Pop: 173
- Bolckow, Missouri Pop: 163
- Denton, Kansas Pop: 130
- Rosendale, Missouri Pop: 119
- White Cloud, Kansas Pop: 115
- Cosby, Missouri Pop: 114
- Lewis and Clark Village, Missouri Pop: 96
- Weatherby, Missouri Pop: 80
- Severance, Kansas Pop: 76
- Rea, Missouri Pop: 46
- Leona, Kansas Pop: 41
- Amity, Missouri  Pop: 26

### Unincorporated places

- Faucett, Missouri Pop: 248
- Bendena, Kansas Pop: 117
- Doniphan, Kansas
- Fairport, Missouri
- Helena, Missouri
- Nodaway, Missouri
- Rochester, Missouri
- Wallace, Missouri
- Whitesville, Missouri
- Willow Brook, Missouri
Mark Wright (music producer)

**Mark Wright** (born September 21, 1957) is an American record producer who works mainly in country music.

## Singles

|scope=col|Year|scope=col|Singles|scope=col|Artist|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|October 30, 2006|"Come to Bed"|Gretchen Wilson||||
|February 6, 2007|"Wasted"|Carrie Underwood||||
2024 Washington Commanders season

The **2024 Washington Commanders (formerly Washington Redskins) Season** was its 93rd season in the National Football League (NFL). It was the first season under its new general manager Adam Peters and head coach Dan Quinn, and defensive coordinator Joe Whitt Jr. The team improved its score from 2023 going from 4-13 to 12-5 making it their first winning season since 2016 and having their best record since 1991. The season also had their first playoff win since 2005. The 2024 Washington Commanders season also had the Commanders play in the NFC Championship game which was their first appearance since 1991, which they both had they had succeeded stopping the active drought. After they had lost to their division rival and the winner of Super Bowl LIX the Philadelphia Eagles. It was their 7th playoff appearance in 32 seasons. The 2024 Washington Commanders remains as a success to the Washington Commanders.
Osama Vinladen

**Osama Vinladen Jiménez López** (born 7 October 2002) is a Peruvian professional footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Unión Comercio in the Peruvian Primera División. He made his debut for Unión Comercio on 30 May 2018, when he came on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Universidad San Martín. He was also part of Peru's under-15 team at the 2017 South American U-15 Championship.

## Personal life

Vinladen is named after Osama bin Laden, the founder of Al-Qaeda. His brother is named Sadam Huseín, after the dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein. His father also planned to name the third sibling George Bush, after U.S. president George W. Bush if it had been a boy. When Vinladen had a son, his father suggested to name the child George Bush, but he chose a different name. When Vinladen asked his father why he was named after Osama bin Laden, he did not get an answer from him. To avoid criticism, only his first name "Osama" appears on his jersey.

In an interview, a journalist asked him if it was dishonourable to have the name of someone as bad as bin Laden. Vinladen answered "I do not believe my name to be problematic," and used Peruvian politician Hitler Guesclin Alba Sánchez, who won a mayoral election over the ironically-named Vladimir Lenin Rodríguez Valverde in 2018, and Brazilian footballer Marx Lenin as other people with similarly controversial names.

### Club

|rowspan=2|Club|rowspan=2|Season|colspan=3|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|Continental|colspan=2|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=6|Unión Comercio|2018|Torneo Descentralizado|1|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|
|2020|rowspan="3"|Liga 2|2|0|0|0|0|0|2|0||
|2021|16|2|3|0|0|0|19|2||||
|2022|19|1|0|0|0|0|19|1||||
|2023|rowspan="2"|Liga 1|7|0|0|0|0|0|7|0||
|2024|5|0|0|0|0|0|5|0||||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Osama Vinladen
- **fullname**: Osama Vinladen Jiménez López
- **birth place**: Rioja, Peru, Rioja, Peru
- **position**: Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Unión Comercio
- **clubnumber**: 15
- **years1**: 2018–
- **clubs1**: Unión Comercio
- **caps1**: 53
- **goals1**: 3
- **club-update**: 20:13, 3 April 2024 (UTC)
Alisha Chinai

**Alisha Chinai** (born 18 March 1965) is an Indian singer. She is known as the "Queen of Indipop".

## Career

Alisha started her career in 1985 with her first album, _Jadoo_. In 1989, she released a famous album of Madonna songs translated into Hindi.

She became very famous in Bollywood (the Indian movie industry) by working with composer Bappi Lahiri. She sang hits for many famous movies like _Adventures of Tarzan_ and _Dance Dance_.

In 1995, her career reached a new level of fame with the album _Made in India_. This album was produced by Biddu and became a massive hit across the country.

One of her most famous movie songs is "Kajra Re" from the film _Bunty Aur Babli_ (2005). This song won her a Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.

## Personal life

Alisha was born in Ahmedabad. She was married to her manager, Rajesh Jhaveri, from 1986 until their divorce in 1994.

In 2020, she began a relationship with Furkat Azamov, a music producer from Tajikistan who also works as her manager and songwriter.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alisha Chinai
- **image**: File:Alisha Chinai 2009 - still 64293 crop.jpg
- **caption**: Chinai in 2009
- **birth place**: Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **spouse**: Rajesh Jhaveri (m. 1986; div. 1994)
Meredith Kopit Levien

**Meredith Kopit Levien** (born 1970/1971) is an American media executive. She is the chief executive officer (CEO) of The New York Times Company.

## Early life and education

Meredith Kopit grew up in Richmond, Virginia. Her parents are Carole and Marvin Kopit. She has a sister named Barbara.

When she was young, she was a member of the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization. She still helps this group today. She graduated from the University of Virginia. There, she studied rhetoric and worked for the student newspaper, _The Cavalier Daily_.

## Career

Levien started her career at a consulting firm. In 2003, she joined Atlantic Media, the company that publishes _The Atlantic_. In 2008, she began working at Forbes Media. She helped _Forbes_ grow its digital business. In 2012, she became the chief revenue officer at Forbes.

In July 2013, she joined The New York Times Company as the head of advertising. She helped the company earn more money from digital ads and subscriptions. She was promoted to chief revenue officer in 2015 and chief operating officer in 2017.

In July 2020, she was named the CEO of The New York Times Company. She officially started the job on September 8, 2020. At that time, she was the youngest person to lead the company.

Levien has won many awards for her work in media and marketing. In 2023, she was on _Fortune_'s list of the Most Powerful Women.

## Personal life

She has one son with Jason Levien. They are now divorced.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Meredith Kopit Levien
- **image**: Meredith Kopit Levien 2023.jpg
- **caption**: Meredith Levien in 2023
- **birth name**: Meredith Kopit
- **education**: University of Virginia (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **occupation**: Media executive
- **known for**: Chief executive officer of The New York Times Company
- **spouse(s)**: Jason Levien (divorced)
- **children**: 1
Single tax

A **single tax** is a tax system based on only (or mostly) one tax, typically a tax on land value.

## Georgist Single Tax

In the 19th and 20th centuries, a populist single tax movement became popular. It aimed to put a single tax on the rental value of economic land. This movement is often called Georgism, named after its creator, Henry George. It aimed for a simple and fair tax system, where revenue is only based on land and natural resource rents. It would have no tax on improvements to the land, like buildings.

Some libertarians call land value capture an ethical way to fund the state, that doesn't distort the market. The surplus rent could be given out as a basic income, often called the citizen's dividend. This would repay the people who have been refused an equal share to the earth's natural resources, by law  (see geolibertarianism).

Some other taxes from the same principles include the Pigouvian Tax, to internalise external costs of production and consumption (like pollution). There are also severance taxes on extracting natural resources, to regulate their use and stop damages (like through overfishing).

## Alternative Single Taxes

Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert and Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban were early advocates for a single tax. It would be a flat tax on all incomes.

There have been other ideas of a single tax based on property, goods, or income. There are proposals like FairTax, which aims for a single tax on consumption, or flat tax ideas on personal incomes.
Leffe, Lombardy

**Leffe** is a _comune_ of the Province of Bergamo in Lombardy, region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Leffe
- **official name**: Comune di Leffe
- **native name**: Leffe
- **image skyline**: Leffe landscape 02.JPG
- **image caption**: A view over the town of Leffe
- **image shield**: Leffe-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **province**: Province of Bergamo, Bergamo (BG)
- **frazioni**: San Rocco
- **mayor**: Marco Gallizioli
- **area total km2**: 6.69
- **population total**: 4317
- **population as of**: 31 October 2025
- **population demonym**: Leffesi
- **elevation max m**: 453
- **istat**: 016124
- **saint**: Sts. Michael Archangel and Martin of Tours
- **day**: 11 November
- **postal code**: 24026
- **area code**: 035
North Yemen Civil War

The **North Yemen Civil War** was a civil war in North Yemen from 1962 to 1970 between the royalists (Kingdom of Yemen) and the republicans of the Yemen Arab Republic.

Finally, the agreement was reached and the republicans gained control of the government, ruling the country.

## The war

During the civil war, the royalists had the Saudi Arabians supported while the republicans were aided/sided by the Soviet Union and Egypt.

However, due to the aftermath of the Six-Day War of 1967, Egypt no longer had the resources to intervene in the North Yemen civil war, leading to a ceasefire.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: North Yemen Civil War
- **partof**: the Arab Cold War of the Cold War
- **image**:
- **caption**: North Yemen Civil War.
- **date**: 26 September 1962 – 1 December 1970
- **place**: North Yemen
- **result**: Yemen Arab Republic, Republican victory
- **combatant1**: **Royalists:**
 Kingdom of Yemen

- **combatant1a**: **Supported by:**

Pahlavi Iran, Iran

- **combatant2**: **Republicans:**

United Arab Republic
- **combatant2a**: **Supported by:**

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Libya
- **commander1**:  Muhammad al-Badr
 Hassan ibn Yahya
 Mohamed bin Hussein
 Abdullah bin Hassan
 Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Faisal bin Abdulaziz
- **commander2**: Abdullah al-Sallal
 Abdul Rahman al-Eryani
 Hassan al-Amri
 Gamal Abdel Nasser
 Anwar Sadat
Adenomera heyeri

**Heyer's tropical bullfrog** (_Adenomera heyeri_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana.

## Home

This frog can be awake at  night. This frog lives in the Amazon. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that have never been cut down. People do not see it in places that people have changed. People do see it in steep places. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in a protected place, Parque Nacional Carrasco.

## Young

The male frogs fight each other when it is time to call to female frogs. The male frog digs a hole in the ground for the female frog to put her eggs.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out.
Hydro-Man

**Hydro-Man** (**Morris** "**Morrie**" **Bench**) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is primarily known as an adversary of Spider-Man.

## Publication history

Created by writer Dennis O'Neil and artist John Romita Jr., the character first appeared in _The Amazing Spider-Man_ #212 (January 1981).

## Fictional character biography

Once an ordinary crewman, Morris Bench was accidentally knocked overboard while stationed on his ship during a battle between Spider-Man and Namor, and fell into the ocean, where a powerful experimental generator was being tested. This led to his transformation into Hydro-Man who, blaming Spider-Man for what happened to him, turned to a life of crime while seeking revenge against the web-slinger.

## Powers and abilities

He has the ability to transform his body into water, allowing him to manipulate and control water in various forms. This power makes him a formidable opponent, capable of creating water blasts, forming water-based constructs, and even turning into a giant wave.

## In other media

Hydro-Man has since been featured in various comic storylines, animated series, and adaptations. A creature based on "Hydro-Man" appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie _Spider-Man: Far From Home_ (2019).
Tombstone (character)

**Alonzo Thompson** "**Lonnie**" **Lincoln**, known as **Tombstone** is a fictional character and supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is known for being a formidable adversary of Spider-Man and other Marvel heroes.

## Fictional character biography

Tombstone is often depicted as a crime boss and hitman with a violent and ruthless personality. He has a distinctive appearance with a tall, muscular build and dark, rough skin that resembles stone or slate, which gives him his name.

## Powers and abilities

He possesses superhuman strength, durability, and an intimidating presence.

## In other media

The character has appeared in several media adaptations outside of comics over the years, including animated series and video games. Tombstone made his cinematic debut in the 2018 animated movie _Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse_, voiced by Marvin "Krondon" Jones III, who will also portray a different version of the character in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe movie _Spider-Man: Brand New Day_ (2026).
Revelations: The Demon Slayer

***Revelations: The Demon Slayer*** (女神転生外伝: ラストバイブル) is a Japanese role-playing game that was released for the Game Boy Color in 1999 (it was first released for the Game Boy in 1992), it is part of a spinoff series belonging to the larger Megami Tensei franchise of video games and is the first entry in that spinoff.

It was released in Japan as Megami Tensei Gaiden: Last Bible in 1992 and is notable for being the first color RPG to be released in the United States.

## Premise

The game is about El, a young boy who one day learns about a power named "Gaia", but the land is in trouble due to a evil force coming, and the protagonist, along with his friends have to summon a army of demons and make them fight in a war against the villains.

## Gameplay

The battles are in a text-based style. Similar to the main Megami Tensei games, the player can summon demons (the max is 100), and merge them, receiving more powerful versions. The player can also get demons through a question system.

In addition to helping the player's characters in the game, demons can also fight against a friend's team in a Pokémon-style Game Link mode.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Revelations: The Demon Slayer
- **developer**: Access (company), Access
 Multimedia Intelligence Transfer
- **publisher**: Atlus
iXIT Corporation, Index
- **producer**: Hideyuki Yokoyama
- **designer**: Shunichi Ōta
- **programmer**: Kazuhito Takahashi , Mieko Omote, Yoshio Hori, Izumi
- **artist**: Momi Nakamura, Noriko Ōkubo, Kiyomi Sakai
- **composer**: Iwao Mitsunaga, Hiroyuki Yanada
- **series**: _Megami Tensei Gaiden: Last Bible_
- **platforms**: Game Boy, Game Gear, Game Boy Color, Nintendo 3DS
- **released**: **Game Boy**
**Game Gear**
**Game Boy Color**
**Nintendo 3DS**
- **genre**: role-playing video game, Role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player
Your Touch

"**Your Touch**" is a 2006 song by The Black Keys and is the leading single from their fourth studio album _Magic Potion_.

## Track listing

**EP**
1. "Your Touch" – 2:42
1. "Strange Desire" – 4:20
1. "Thickfreakness" (Live in Darwin, Australia) – 3:52

**7" and CD single**
1. "Your Touch" – 2:42
1. "The Breaks" (Live in Darwin, Australia at Browns Mart April 9, 2006) – 4:11

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Your Touch
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Black Keys
- **album**: Magic Potion (album), Magic Potion
- **b-side**: "The Breaks" (live)
- **released**: 2006
- **recorded**: 2006
- **genre**: Garage rock, blues rock
- **length**: 2:44
- **label**: Nonesuch Records, Nonesuch, V2 Records
- **writer**: Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney.
- **producer**: The Black Keys
- **prev title**: 'Till I Get My Way/Girl Is On My Mind
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: Just Got to Be
- **next year**: 2007
Spider-Man: Black Cat

***Spider-Man: Black Cat*** is a four-issue comic book series written by Jen Van Meter and drawn by Javier Pulido as the second limited-run series starring the popular Spider-Man love interest Felicia Hardy / Black Cat following _Spider-Man/Black Cat_. Published by Marvel Comics as a tie-in with "The Gauntlet" and "Grim Hunt", the story revolves around the thief as she reconnects with Peter Parker when her latest heist sees her come face-to-face with the Kravinoff family. Originally published as _The Amazing Spider-Man Presents: Black Cat_ and _The Black Cat_, and titled on-page as _Black Cat: The Trophy Hunters_, it was collected as _Spider-Man: Black Cat_, compiling all the four issues, _The Amazing Spider-Man_ #612, and material from _The Many Loves of the Amazing Spider-Man_.

The series received excellent reviews, in particular for its feminist depiction of how Spider-Man and Black Cat have sex.

## Other websites

- _Spider-Man: Black Cat_ at Marvel.com

## Infobox (comic book title)

- **title**: Spider-Man: Black Cat
- **noimage**: yes
- **limited**: Y
- **schedule**: Monthly
- **publisher**: Marvel Comics
- **date**: June – October 2010
- **issues**: 4
- **writers**: Jen Van Meter
- **colorists**: Matt Hollingsworth
- **subcat**: Marvel Comics
- **sort**: Black Cat
Barium iodide

**Barium iodide** is an ionic compound made of barium and iodide ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 391.136 g/mol (anhydrous). It usually forms the dihydrate salt when exposed to moisture and water. Like other soluble barium salts, barium iodide is toxic. It can be made when barium (metal or compound) reacts with elemental iodine or hydroiodic acid.

## Formation of barium iodide

It is usually made when barium metal is treated with 1,2-diiodoethane in ether.

It can be made when barium metal reacts with elemental iodine to make barium iodide.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It can also can be made when barium hydroxide reacts with hydroiodic acid to make barium iodide and water.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

## Related pages

- Barium chloride
- Barium bromide
Barium iodate

**Barium iodate** is an ionic compound made of barium and iodate ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 487.13 g/mol. It can form the monohydrate salt when exposed to moisture or water. It can be made when barium (metal or basic compound) reacts with iodic acid.

## Formation and decomposition of barium iodate

It is usually made when barium chlorate reacts with potassium iodate to make barium iodate and potassium chlorate.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It can also be made when barium hydroxide reacts with iodic acid to make barium iodate and water.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It decomposes around 580 °C or above (it is known as Rammelsberg's reaction):
- The balanced chemical equation is:

## Related pages

- Barium iodide
Parizad Shaikh

**Parizad Shaikh** is an Indian and Australian writer and teacher. She is a teacher in the Technical and Further Education (TAFE) system and has worked at Monash University. Her notable book are _Kimaya_ and _Almo_.

## Early life and career

Parizad was born in Navi Mumbai, India. She grew up there and studied biotechnology, mathematics, and education in college. Later, she moved to Australia. She attended Monash University, where she earned a PhD degree. Parizad also trained in martial arts and has a black belt in karate.

Parizad started writing during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. She has written two books. Her book _Kimaya was_ published in 2023_,_ which is a memoir about her life and her recovery from personal problems. Her other book, _Almo_, was released in 2024 and is about social rules, marriage, and how people see themselves.

## Bibliography

- _Kimaya_ (2023)
- _Almo_ (2024)
- _Hexed and Risen: From Cursed to Crown_ (2026)

## Personal life

Parizad is based in Australia. She has spoken publicly about her past experiences with marital distress and divorce, which serve as foundational themes in her literary work.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Parizad Shaikh
- **birth place**: Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Writer and teacher
- **alma mater**: Monash University
- **education**: Doctor of Philosophy, PhD
- **notableworks**: _Kimaya_ (2023)
_Almo_ (2024)
Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla

**Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla** (born 29 June 1955) is an Indian poet, writer, and media personality. He is known for his work in Gujarati literature and for promoting Gujarati language and culture. In 2025, he received the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards, for his contribution to literature and education.

## Early life and education

Tushar Shukla was born into a family with a strong interest in literature. His father, Durgesh Shukla, was a Gujarati playwright, writer, and poet. He studied in the Gujarati medium at Swastik Shishu Vihar School in Ahmedabad. He later studied Gujarati and English literature at St. Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad, and completed a master’s degree at the School of Languages, Gujarat University. He also earned a law degree (LLB), but did not work as a lawyer.

## Selected works

- _Tari Hatheli Ne_ (Poetry)
- _Maaro Varsad_ (Poetry)
- _Puchhine Thay Nahi Prem_ (Poetry)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tushar Durgeshbhai Shukla
- **image**: File:Tushar Shukla.jpg
- **birth place**: Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- **education**: Master's degree in Gujarati and English literature (Gujarat University), LLB
- **alma mater**: St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat University
- **occupation**: Poet and author
- **awards**: Padma Shri (2025)
Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid

**Pandit Ganeshwar Shastri Dravid** is an Indian Vedic scholar, astrologer, and Sanskrit teacher from Kashi (Varanasi) in Uttar Pradesh. He is known for his work in Vedic studies, Hindu rituals, and astrology. In 2025, he received the Padma Shri, india’s 4th highest civilian awards, for his contribution to literature and education.
Vladimir-Suzdal

The **Grand Principality of Vladimir** (before 1157 the **Principality of Suzdal**), also known as Vladimir-Suzdal, was a medieval principality established after the dissolution of Kievan Rus'. In historical terms, the territory of this grand principality is also known as **northeast Rus**'.

The principality was formed in the 12th century, centered in Suzdal and then Vladimir. Over time, it evolved into a Grand Principality divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, it became an autonomous state led by its nobility. However, the Golden Horde's Khan (jarlig) granted the ruler from any of the smaller principalities' noble families.

Vladimir-Suzdal is traditionally considered the origin of the Russian, and gradually developed into the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

The following is the list of the Grand Princes of Vladimir-Suzdal:

- 1168 - 1174: Andrey Bogolyubsky, First Grand Prince of Vladimir, son of Yuri Dolgorouki

- 1174 - 1176: Michel Ier, son of Yuri Dolgorouki

- 1176 - 1212: Vsevolod III Yuryevich, eleventh son of Yuri Dolgorouki

- 1212 - 1216: Yuri II, third son of Vsevolod the Great

- 1216 - 1218: Constantine I, eldest son of Vsevolod the Great

- 1218 - 1238: Yuri II

- 1238 - 1246: Yaroslav II, fourth son of Vsevolod the Great

- 1246 - 1248: Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich, sixth son of Vsevolod the Great

- 1248 - 1249: Mikhail Yaroslavich Khorobrit, known as "The Thief," the eldest son of Yaroslav II

- 1249 - 1252: Andrey Yaroslavich, the third son of Yaroslav II

- 1252 - 1263: Alexander Nevsky, the fourth son of Yaroslav II of Russia

- 1264 - 1271: Yaroslav III, son of Yaroslav II

- 1272 - 1277: Vassili I of Kostroma, son of Yaroslav II

- 1277 - 1294: Dimitri I of Pereslavl, the second son of Alexander Nevsky

- 1294 - 1304: Andrey Alexandrovich, son of Alexander Nevsky

- 1304 - 1318: Michael III of Tver, the second son of Yaroslav III

- 1318 - 1322: Yuri III of Moscow

- 1322 - 1325: Dimitri II of Tver

- 1326 - 1327: Alexander II of Tver

- 1328 - 1341: Ivan I of Moscow

- 1341 - 1353: Simeon of Moscow

- 1353 - 1359: Ivan II of Moscow

- 1359 - 1362: Dimitri III Constantinovich

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Grand Principality of Vladimir
- **common name**: Vladimir-Suzdal
- **native name**: Великое княжество Владимирское
- **image coat**: Seal of Alexander Nevsky 1236 Avers.svg
- **symbol type**: Seal of Alexander Nevsky
- **image map**: Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal in 1237 (en).png
- **capital**: Suzdal (1125–1157)
Vladimir, Russia, Vladimir (1157–1389)
- **religion**: Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodoxy
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **year end**: 1389
- **year start**: 1125
- **common languages**: Russian language, Russian
- **title leader**: Grand Prince of Vladimir, Grand Prince
- **year leader1**: 1125–1157 (first)
- **leader1**: Yuri Dolgoruky
- **year leader2**: 1363–1389 (last)
- **leader2**: Dmitry Donskoy
- **p1**: Kievan Rus'
- **s1**: Grand Principality of Moscow
- **today**: Russia
Alien: Specimen

***Alien: Specimen***, originally ***Alien: The Greenhouse Effect***, is a short film based on the science fiction action media franchise _Alien_. Released via _IGN_ on April 5, 2019 for the 40th anniversary of the franchise, the film was written by Federico Fracchia and directed by Kelsey Taylor, through Tongal Studios and 20th Century Fox. Starring Jolene Andersen, Goose, and Aubrey Wakeling, the film follows botanist Julie and her dog Maggie as they attempt to escape a xenomorph facehugger.

_Alien: Specimen_ received generally good reviews from critics.

## Other websites

- _Alien: Specimen_ at IGN
- _Alien: Specimen_ at Tongal Studios
- _Alien: Specimen_ at 20th Century Fox YouTube

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Kelsey Taylor
- **writer**: Federico Fracchia
- **cinematography**: Adam Lee
- **editing**: Kelsey Taylor
- **music**: Robert Evan Hunt
- **distributor**: IGN
20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 10 minutes
- **country**: United States
Unqork

**Unqork** is an American software company based in New York City. It develops a no-code development platform that allows users to build business applications without writing computer code. The platform is mainly used by companies in finance, insurance, healthcare, and government.

## History

Unqork was founded in 2017 by Gary Hoberman, a former technology executive at MetLife.

In 2020, the company completed several large funding rounds and became valued at more than $2 billion.

## Platform

The Unqork platform lets users create software by using a visual interface instead of traditional programming. It includes tools for integration with other systems and online services.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Unqork
- **type**: Private company
- **industry**: Software
- **founded**: 2017
- **founder**: Gary Hoberman
- **hq location city**: New York City, New York
- **hq location country**: United States
Shuraa

**Shuraa Management & Consultancy** (often called **Shuraa**) is a business services company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The company helps people and organizations start and manage businesses in the UAE. Its main services include company formation, business licensing, visa processing, and office support.

## History

Shuraa was founded on 23 September 2001 by Emirati entrepreneur Saeed Khalifa Mohammed Al Fuqaei.

The company expanded over the years and opened business centers in different areas of Dubai. In 2023, Shuraa reported that it had helped to set up more than 4,000 companies in Dubai.

## Services

Shuraa provides services for new and existing businesses. These include company registration, trade license support, visa and PRO services, tax and accounting assistance, and help with bank account opening.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Shuraa Management & Consultancy
- **logo**: File:Image-shuraa-company-formations.png
- **type**: Private company
- **industry**: Business services
- **founder**: Saeed Khalifa Mohammed Al Fuqaei
- **hq location city**: Dubai
- **hq location country**: United Arab Emirates
- **area served**: United Arab Emirates
Spidertracks

**Spidertracks** was a technology company from New Zealand that created tracking and communication systems for the aviation industry. Its products were mainly used by general aviation pilots and aircraft operators.

## History

The company was founded in 2007 by James McCarthy. Spidertracks developed small GPS tracking devices that could send real-time flight information through the Iridium satellite constellation.

In 2020, Spidertracks launched a new device called Spider X.
In 2023, Spidertracks merged with the aviation software company Air Maestro to create a combined business focused on aviation safety and operations. In early 2025, Spidertracks became part of Vellox Group.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Spidertracks
- **type**: Private company
- **industry**: Aviation technology
- **founded**: 2007
- **founder**: James McCarthy
- **hq location city**: Auckland
- **hq location country**: New Zealand
- **area served**: Worldwide
Likewise, Inc.

**Likewise, Inc.** is an American technology company that operates a social platform for recommendations. Users can find and save suggestions for movies, TV shows, books, and podcasts.

## History

The company was founded in 2017 by former Microsoft employees Larry Cohen, Ian Morris, and Michael Dix. The project received early support from the private office of Bill Gates.

Likewise launched publicly in 2018. During 2020, the platform grew quickly and reached more than one million users.

## Applications

Likewise is available as a mobile application for Android and iOS. It also offers applications for smart TV platforms that help users organize content across different streaming services.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Likewise, Inc.
- **logo**: File:Likewise company logo.png
- **type**: Startup company
- **industry**: Entertainment, social networking service
- **founded**: 2017
- **founders**: Larry Cohen; Ian Morris; Michael Dix
- **hq location city**: Bellevue, Washington
- **hq location country**: United States
Alien: Night Shift

***Alien: Night Shift*** is a short film based on the science fiction action media franchise _Alien_. Released via _IGN_ on April 12, 2019 for the 40th anniversary of the franchise, the film was written and directed by Aidan Brezonick, through Tongal Studios and 20th Century Fox. Starring Amber Gaston, Terrance Keith Richardson, Christopher Murray, and Tanner Rittenhouse, the film follows the residents of the mining colony as they find themselves in the midst of a xenomorph outbreak. A director's cut was then released on November 24, 2020.

_Alien: Night Shift_ received good reviews from its critics.

## Other websites

- _Alien: Night Shift_ at IGN
- _Alien: Night Shift_ at 20th Century Fox YouTube

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Aidan Brezonick
- **writer**: Aidan Brezonick
- **cinematography**: Dustin Supencheck
- **editing**: Niles Howard
- **music**: François Liétout
- **distributor**: IGN
20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 9 minutes
12 minutes (director's cut)
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: $35,000
Alien: Harvest

***Alien: Harvest*** is a short film based on the science fiction action media franchise _Alien_. Released via _IGN_ on April 19, 2019 for the 40th anniversary of the franchise, the film was written by Craig Dewey and directed by Benjamin Howdeshell, through Tongal Studios and 20th Century Fox. Starring Agnes Albright, Jessica Clark, Adam Sinclair and James C. Burns, the film follows four survivors of a crippled vessel locked on a collision course with a comet, as they must contend with the Xenomorph loose on board.

_Alien: Harvest_ received a generally positive critical reception.

## Other websites

- _Alien: Harvest_ at IGN
- _Alien: Harvest_ at 20th Century Fox YouTube
- _Alien: Harvest_ at Tongal Studios YouTube

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Benjamin Howdeshell
- **writer**: Craig Dewey
- **producer**: Shawn Wallace
- **music**: Danny Cocke
- **editing**: Jake Shaver
- **cinematography**: Chris Saul
- **distributor**: IGN
20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 9 minutes
- **country**: United States
Wasl (company)

**Wasl** (Arabic: وصل, meaning “connection”) is a semi-government real estate management and development company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is one of the largest property development and management organizations in Dubai.

## History

Wasl was established on May 25, 2008 by the Dubai Real Estate Corporation (DREC). The company was created after the merger of two public sector bodies: the Dubai Development Board and the Dubai Real Estate Department.

Sheikh Maktoum Bin Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum was appointed chairman of Wasl. Hesham Abdulla Al Qassim became the vice chairman and chief executive officer.

In 2017, Wasl entered a partnership with the Dubai Integrated Economic Zones Authority to develop Dubai CommerCity, a specialized e-commerce free zone project.

## Activities

Wasl develops and manages residential, commercial, and mixed-use properties across Dubai. The company is responsible for large housing communities, office buildings, hotels, and retail centers.

Through its subsidiaries, Wasl manages many well-known projects and properties in Dubai, including Wasl Properties, Wasl Hospitality & Leisure, and Dubai Golf.

## Subsidiaries

One of the main divisions of Wasl is **Wasl Properties**. It manages tens of thousands of apartments and commercial units in different parts of Dubai, such as Deira, Bur Dubai, Jumeirah, and Al Barsha.

Wasl is also involved in hospitality and leisure projects, including hotels, golf courses, and tourism developments.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Wasl
- **type**: Semi-government company
- **industry**: Real estate
- **founder**: Dubai Real Estate Corporation
- **hq location city**: Dubai
- **hq location country**: United Arab Emirates
Huawei Mate 50

The **Huawei Mate 50** is a series of EMUI-based smartphone developed by Huawei.

They were announced on September 6, 2022 and released on September 28, 2022.

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: Huawei Mate 50
Huawei Mate 50 Pro
Huawei Mate 50 RS Porsche Design
- **image**: 华为Mate50_Pro冰霜银.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200
- **caption**: Front of the Huawei Mate 50 Pro
- **brand**: Huawei
- **manufacturer**: Huawei
- **series**: Huawei Mate series
- **networks**: GSM / CDMA / HSPA / CDMA2000 / LTE
- **predecessor**: Huawei Mate 40
- **successor**: Huawei Mate 60
- **type**: Smartphone
- **form**: Slate phone, Slate
- **soc**: Qualcomm SM8425 Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 4G (4 nm)
- **cpu**: Octa-core (1x3.19 GHz Cortex-X2 & 3x2.75 GHz Cortex-A710 & 4x2.0 GHz Cortex-A510)
- **gpu**: Adreno 730
- **memory**: 8/12GB RAM
- **storage**: 128, 256, 512GB
- **sim**: Single SIM (Nano-SIM) or Hybrid Dual SIM (Nano-SIM, dual stand-by)
- **input**: * Multi-touch Touchscreen, screen
* USB-C, USB Type-C 3.1
* Fingerprint scanner (under display, optical)
* Accelerometer
* Gyroscope
* Proximity sensor
* Barometer
* Compass
* Color spectrum
- **sound**: Stereo speakers
- **connectivity**: Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ax(6), dual-band, Wi-Fi Direct, hotspot
Bluetooth	5.2, A2DP, LE
DisplayPort 1.2
- **website**: *
*
*
ESIM

An **eSIM** (**embedded subscriber identity module**) is a form of SIM card that is used directly into a device onto an eUICC chip. It connects mobile network operators via remote SIM provisioning and users can change mobile network operators without needing to physically swap a SIM from the device. Most mobile phones released in 2018 or later have eSIM technology. Users can change plans or cellulars at any time online.

## History

In February 2016, the Samsung Gear S2 Classic 3G was the first device to have an eSIM. In September 2022, the iPhone 14 series were the first iPhone models to replace the physical SIM card with eSIM in the United States.

On 9 September 2025, the iPhone 17, iPhone 17 Pro and iPhone 17 Pro Max were the first iPhone models to replace the physical SIM card with eSIM in 11 conturies such as Bahrain, Canada, Guam, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and U.S. Virgin Islands. The iPhone Air was the first iPhone model to have eSIM-only in worldwide.
North Yemen

**North Yemen** refers to the former Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990) and the Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962). It was located in what is now modern-day northern Yemen, in southern Arabian Peninsula.

Although the two nations never officially used the name "North Yemen", but this name was starting to be used to distinguish the two terrorities since 1967. Before 1967, North Yemen was simply called "Yemen". In 1970, South Yemen changed its name to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and the two territories were called both North and South Yemen. They will eventually be unified in 1990, becoming a single nation.

In 1962, a civil war broke out in North Yemen, it lasted for 8 years between the royalists of the Kingdom of Yemen and the republicans of the Yemen Arab Republic. The republicans won and ruled the country until 1990 (unification).

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**:
_al-Yaman al-šamāliyy_
- **conventional long name**: North Yemen
- **common name**: North Yemen; Yemen-Sanaa
- **status**: Member of the Arab League (1945-1990)
Member of the United Nations (1947–1990)
Member of the United Arab States (1958–1961)
- **p1**: Yemen Vilayet
- **flag p1**: Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg
- **s1**: Yemen
- **image map**: Map of North Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula (1923).svg
- **map caption**: Map of the Kingdom of Yemen before 1934
- **flag s1**: Flag of Yemen.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg
- **image flag2**: Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg
- **image coat**:

- **flag type**: Flag of Yemen, Top: Flag
(1927–1970)
Bottom: Flag
(1962/1970–1990)
- **symbol type**: Emblem of Yemen, Top: Emblem
(1927–1970)
Bottom: Emblem
(1974–1990)
- **image map2**: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen in its region.svg
- **anthems**:
Royal Salute (Yemen), السلام الوطني
(_Royal Salute_) (1918–1970)
Peace to the Land (1962–1978)
إرادة أمة
__
"A Nation's Will" (1978–1990)
- **map caption2**: Location of North Yemen
on the Arabian Peninsula after Saudi–Yemeni war (1934), shrinking in 1934.
- **image map3**: North Yemen in its region.svg
- **map caption3**: Map of the Yemen Arab Republic
- **largest city**: Sanaa
- **official languages**: Arabic
- **government type**: Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970)
 Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)<hr />
- **area km2**: 195,000
- **date start**: 30 October
- **year start**: 1918
- **event start**: Independence from the Ottoman Empire
- **event2**: 1962 North Yemen coup d'état, 26 September Revolution
- **date event2**: 26 September 1962
- **date event3**: 1 December 1970
- **event3**: North Yemen Civil War, Yemeni monarchy abolished
- **date end**: 22 May
- **event end**: Yemeni unification
- **year end**: 1990
- **utc offset**: +3
- **calling code**: 967
- **currency**: North Yemeni rial
- **today**: Yemen
Rolling shutter

**The rolling shutter effect** happens when some cameras take photos not by capturing everything all at once, but one row of pixels at a time. This makes the image look weird.
I Am What I Am

**I Am What I Am** is a song created by Gloria Gaynor in 1984, this song falls under the Rhythm and Blues genre of music, as well as Soul music. This song's title eventually became the official anthem for the Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands, a micronation created as a protest by a group of gay rights activists.
South Yemen Civil War

The **South Yemen Civil War** was a short, brief civil war occurred in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1986. It was between the supporters of Abdel Fattah lslaim and supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad. It lasted for 11 days and killed 4,000 to 10,000 people (including Islami) and led to the fall of Ali Nasir. He was replaced by Haider Aboubaker al-Attas, a close partner with Islami. Around 60,000 people fled to North Yemen including Ali Nasir himself.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: South Yemen Civil War
- **image**: South Yemen.png
- **caption**: Former Governorates of Yemen, governorates of South Yemen (red)
- **date**: 13 January –
<small>( days)</small>
- **location**: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, South Yemen
- **cause**: Massacre du 13 janvier
- **issue**: Défaite de la faction d'Ali Nasser Mohamed
*Mort d'Abdel Fattah Ismaïl
*Prise de pouvoir de Haider Aboubaker al-Attas
*Yemeni unification
- **combatants1**: Fichier:Flag of South Yemen.svg, border|20px Faction d'Abdel Fattah Ismaïl
- **combatants2**: Fichier:Flag of South Yemen.svg, border|20px Faction d'Ali Nasser Mohamed
- **commander1**:  **Abdel Fattah Ismaïl **
 Ali Ahmad Nasir Antar
 Saleh Muslih Qassem
 Haider Aboubaker al-Attas
 Haytham Qâsim Tâhir
 Ali Salem al-Beidh
- **commander2**:  **Ali Nasir Muhammad**
- **forces1**: Unknown
- **forces2**: Unknown
- **casualties1**: Unknown
- **casualties2**: Unknown
- **casualties**: Total :
  à  morts
- **géolocalisation**: Yémen
- **place**: People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, South Yemen
- **result**: Failure of Ali Nasir Muhammad
*Death of Abdel Fattah Ismail
*Haider Aboubaker al-Attas got into power
*Yemeni unification
- **casualties3**: Total: 4,000–10,000 fatalities
- **combatant1**:  Supporters of Abdel Fattah Ismail
- **combatant2**:  Supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad
- **partof**: the Cold War (specifically the Arab Cold War)
Imperial Guard

**The Imperial Guard** of Government of Japan has been two separate organizations dedicated to the protection of the Japanese Imperial Family.

## History

The Japanese Imperial Guard of the Imperial Japanese Army was formed in 1867. It became the foundation of the Imperial Japanese Army after the Emperor assumed all the powers of state during the Meiji Restoration.

In 1947, it was reorganized into the Imperial Guard Bureau of the National Police Department.
Ferenc Machos

**Ferenc Machos** (30 June 1932 – 3 December 2006) was a Hungarian footballer. He was capped 29 times for Hungary, and played for them at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ferenc Machos
- **image**: Machos Ferenc.jpg
- **caption**: Ferenc Machos in the 1960s
- **birth place**: Tatabánya, Hungary
- **death place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1954–1959
- **clubs1**: Budapest Honvéd FC
- **caps1**: 95
- **goals1**: 59
- **years2**: 1960–1965
- **clubs2**: Vasas SC
- **caps2**: 105
- **goals2**: 59
- **totalcaps**: 200
- **totalgoals**: 118
- **nationalyears1**: 1954–1963
- **nationalteam1**: Hungary national football team, Hungary
- **nationalcaps1**: 29
- **nationalgoals1**: 14
- **manageryears1**: 1970–1972
- **managerclubs1**: Vasas SC
Destin Daniel Cretton

**Destin Yori Daniel Cretton** (Born November 23, 1978) is an American filmmaker and director, known for his work on emotionally compelling and socially conscious films. He gained recognition with movies like _Short Term 12_ (2013), which was critically acclaimed and showcased his talent for storytelling and character development. Cretton has also directed _The Glass Castle_ (2017), an adaptation of Jeannette Walls' memoir, and _Just Mercy_ (2019), a legal drama starring Michael B. Jordan and Jamie Foxx, based on the true story of Bryan Stevenson’s work to combat wrongful convictions. He is also best known for directing the Marvel Studios movie _Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings_ (2021) and the upcoming _Spider-Man: Brand New Day_ (2026).
Disappearance of Amy Billig

**Amy Billig** (January 9. 1957 – disappeared March 5, 1974) was an American high school student who disappeared while hitchhiking to her father's art studio in Coconut Grove, Florida, on March 5, 1957 at the age of 17.

## Infobox (infobox)

- **child**: yes
- **label1**: Distinguishing features
- **data1**: Caucasian female. 110 Pound (mass), pounds. Brown hair, brown eyes. Two-inch appendectomy scar on her abdomen.


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Amy Billig
- **image**: File:Amy Billig Daytona Beach Morning Herald Coconut Grove 1974. 13 March 1974.jpg
- **caption**: Billig,  1974
- **birth place**: Oyster Bay, New York, U.S.
- **disappeared place**: Coconut Grove, Coconut Grove, Florida, U.S.
- **known for**: Missing person
- **mother**: Susan Billig
- **father**: Nathaniel Solomon Billig
Police Federation of England and Wales

The **Police Federation of England and Wales** (**PFEW**) is the main staff association for police constables, sergeants, inspectors, chief inspectors and special constables in the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales.

Under UK labour law, the police cannot join ordinary trade unions to defend pay or working conditions, by the Police Act 1996, because of the idea that a police strike could pose a very high public safety risk.

The PFEW was originally established by the Police Act 1919 as an alternative system, which would serve to represent staff, and where disputes could be resolved through arbitration so long as the government continued to bargain in good faith.

The Federation is not a trade union, but operates similarly to one in practice, bargaining collectively with police forces and the Home Office.
Special constable

A **special constable (SC)** can refer either to an auxiliary or part-time law enforcement officer; or a person who is granted certain (special) police powers.

In some jurisdictions, police forces are helped by a special constabulary, whose volunteer members have full police powers and hold the office of constable. In other jurisdictions, specifically Canada and parts of Australia, special constables are sworn peace officers granted police powers to enforce specific legislation in a distinct context or geographic area.

In the past, and in different contexts, special constables have been paid or volunteer members of an ad-hoc reserve force or a permanent auxiliary, and have ranged from unarmed patrols to armed paramilitaries.