juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chile at the Olympics

**Chile** was first at the **Olympic Games** at the first 1896 Summer Olympics.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Chile is CHI.

## History

A team from Chile has been in most Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games.

Chilean athletes have won a total of thirteen medals, with tennis as the top medal-producing sport.

The National Olympic Committee for Chile was formed in 1934.

## Medalists

|Medal|Name|style="width:9em"|Games|style="width:7em"|Sport|style="width:12em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||1928 Amsterdam|Athletics|Men's marathon||||
|||1952 Helsinki|Equestrian|Individual jumping||||
||Ricardo Echeverría César Mendoza || 1952 Helsinki || Equestrian || Team jumping|||||||
|||1956 Melbourne|Athletics|Women's javelin throw||||
|||1956 Melbourne|Boxing|Men's bantamweight||||
|||1956 Melbourne|Boxing|Men's middleweight||||
|||1956 Melbourne|Boxing|Men's light heavyweight||||
|||1988 Seoul|Shooting|Mixed skeet||||
||National football team|2000 Sydney|Football|Men's competition||||
||Nicolás Massú || 2004 Athens || Tennis || Men's doubles|||||||
|||2004 Athens|Tennis|Men's singles||||
|||2004 Athens|Tennis|Men's singles||||
|||2008 Beijing|Tennis|Men's singles||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Chile profile at London2012.com
- Chile at Olympic.org

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: CHI
- **nocname**: Chilean Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **rank**: 79
- **gold**: 2
- **silver**: 7
- **bronze**: 4
Mississippi Valley

The **Mississippi Valley** is a place in North America.  It is part of the Mississippi River watershed, meaning that the rain that falls in the Mississippi Valley flows to the Mississippi River.  It is in the middle of what is today the mainland United States.

## Geology

During the last glacial era, large walls of ice dropped sediment, which is rocks and dirt, onto the land.  This became sedimentary rock.  This rock is softer than the other two main types of rock.  Sedimentary rock forms in layers.  When the Mississippi River began to flow, it washed away parts of the rock.  So there are places in the northern valley with tall bluffs, places where the river water cut some of the rock away.  People can see the layers in the bluffs.  Some of them are 400 feet tall.  In the places where the ground was made of harder sedimentary rock, for example limestone and dolomite, the cliffs are steep.  In the places where the ground was made of softer sedimentary rock, for example shale and sandstone, the cliffs are gentle.

Other parts of the Mississippi Valley are flood plain.

## People

Many Native Americans lived in the Mississippi Valley, including the Mississippian culture, which is named after the valley.  Many of these Native Americans practiced agriculture, meaning that they built farms and grew food.  Some of these Native Americans built large towns with earthworks and wooden fences and buildings.  But many of them caught European diseases and died.  By the time historians came to the towns, many of the buildings were gone.

The first Europeans to write about the Mississippi Valley was Hernando De Soto in 1541.

The Mississippi Valley became part of the United States in 1803.  This was the Louisiana Purchase.
Skatepark

A **skatepark** is a recreational park for skateboarders and BMXers. A skatepark usually features some quarter pipes, some spines, some flat banks, some wall rides or vert walls, some mini ramps, some hips, some funboxes, some pyramids, some launches, some roll-ins, a euro or euro gap, a halfpipe, a bowl, a pool, foam pits, some hand rails, a flat bar and some stairs. The very first skatepark was made in 1976 in Carlsbad, California. The largest skatepark in the world is located in Shanghai, China.

## Other websites

- a list of skateboard parks around the world
Theodicy of disprivilege

**Theodicy of Disprivilege** refers to belief in the promise that salvation may be granted as a reward for earthly poverty and hardship. It may be one of many reasons that explain the large numbers of lower-income people who join religious sects  or partake in mainstream religious practice, e.g attend church, temple or mosque.

This idea was promoted mainly by Max Weber, but is common amongst many sociologists who try to explain the growth of sect membership.
Miguel Montero

**Miguel Angel Montero** (born July 9, 1983 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He currently plays as a catcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has also played for the Arizona Diamondbacks from 2006 until 2014. He debuted for the Diamondbacks on September 6, 2006 in a game against the Florida Marlins.

On December 9, 2014, the Diamondbacks traded Montero to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for minor leaguers Jeferson Mejia and Zack Godley.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Miguel Montero
- **image**: miguelmontero.jpg
- **image size**: 218px
- **caption**: Montero during his time with the Diamondbacks
- **position**: Catcher
- **team**: Chicago Cubs
- **number**: 47
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **debutdate**: September 6
- **debutyear**: 2006
- **debutteam**: Arizona Diamondbacks
- **statyear**: September 5, 2015
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .261
- **stat2label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat2value**: 861
- **stat3label**: Home runs
- **stat3value**: 111
- **stat4label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat4value**: 492
- **teams**: * Arizona Diamondbacks (–)
*Chicago Cubs (–present)
- **awards**: * 2× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (2011 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2011, 2014 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2014)
David Hernandez (baseball)

**David Jose Hernandez** (born May 13, 1985 in Sacramento, California) is an American baseball player. He currently plays as a relief pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles with the 483rd overall pick in the 16th round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft. He debuted for the Orioles on May 28, 2009 in a game against the Detroit Tigers. He was traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks along with Kam Mickolio for Mark Reynolds and a player to be named later or cash.

## Other websites

- David Hernandez at mlb.com

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: David Hernandez
- **image**: David Hernandez 2009.jpg
- **position**: Pitcher
- **team**: Arizona Diamondbacks
- **number**: 30
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Sacramento, California
debutdate=May 28
- **debutyear**: 2009
- **debutteam**: Baltimore Orioles
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 12–18
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 4.93
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 140
- **teams**: * Baltimore Orioles (2009–2010)
* Arizona Diamondbacks (2011–_present_)
Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights

The **Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights** were a professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 2005 to 2007. They played in Omaha, Nebraska at the Omaha Civic Auditorium. They were the farm team of the Calgary Flames. They moved to Omaha in 2005 from Saint John, New Brunswick where they were known as the Saint John Flames. They moved operations to Moline, Illinois where they became the Quad City Flames.

## Other websites

- An archive of the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights' Official Site
Majel Barrett

**Majel Barrett-Roddenberry** (born **Majel Leigh Hudec**; February 23, 1932 – December 18, 2008) was an American actress and producer. She is probably best known for playing Nurse Christine Chapel in the television series, _Star Trek: The Original Series_ and _Lwaxana Troi_ in the series _Star Trek: The Next Generation_. Barrett also voiced the computer in every series (after the original series) and movie in the _Star Trek_ franchise. She was married to Gene Roddenberry, who was the creator of _Star Trek_. She died on December 18, 2008 in Bel Air, Los Angeles due to complications from leukemia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Majel Barrett
- **image**: Majel Barrett in 2006 cropped.png
- **imagesize**: 230px
- **caption**: Majel Barrett in 2006
- **birthname**: Majel Leigh Hudec
- **birth date**: February 23, 1932
- **birth place**: Columbus, Ohio, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, producer, voice actress
- **yearsactive**: 1957–2008
- **spouse**: Gene Roddenberry
(m. 1969-1991, his death)
- **children**: Rod Roddenberry
The Dreamers (movie)

***The Dreamers*** is a 2003 French romantic drama movie about an American university student, Matthew (played by Michael Pitt), who visits Paris in 1968. He meets local twins Isabelle and Theo (Eva Green and Louis Garrel) who are in an incestuous relationship. He stays with them and has a sexual relationship with Isabelle. All three join a student-led ant-government rebellion. The movie was controversial in the United States for depictions of sexual content. Due to this, _The Dreamers_ was rated NC-17. The movie was released in 2004 in the United States. The movie also exists under an R rated edited version, alongside the NC-17 version.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Dreamers
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Bernardo Bertolucci
- **producer**: Jeremy Thomas
- **screenplay**: Gilbert Adair
- **starring**: Michael Pitt
Eva Green
Louis Garrel
- **music**: (_see #Music and soundtrack, Music and soundtrack_)
- **cinematography**: Fabio Cianchetti
- **editing**: Jacopo Quadri
- **studio**: Recorded Picture Company
Peninsula Films
- **distributor**: TFM Distribution
Medusa Distribuzione
Fox Searchlight Pictures
- **runtime**: 115 minutes
- **country**: United Kingdom
France
Italy
- **language**: English language, English
French language, French
- **budget**: $15 million
- **gross**: $15,121,165
Herero language

The **Herero language** (Herero: _Otjiherero_) is a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo group. It is spoken by the Herero people in Namibia and Botswana. There are about 237,000 Herero speakers in both countries, 206,000 in Namibia and the rest in Botswana.

The language is spoken in an area called _Hereroland_. This area includes the regions of Omaheke, Otjozondjupa, and Kunene. The Himba people, who are related to the Herero people, speak a dialect that is very close to Herero. A large minority of people in Windhoek (the capital of Namibia) speak Herero.

The Herero language is written in the Latin alphabet. The first written work in Herero was a translation of the Bible by missionary Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901). Father Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904), another missionary, translated several religious works and songs into Herero.

Herero is taught in Namibian schools and at the University of Namibia. It is one of the six minority languages used in broadcasts by the Namibian State Radio (NBC). Gamsberg Macmillan, , has published the only dictionary in Herero.

## Bibliography

- Brincker, Peter Heinrich (1886, 1964). _Wörterbuch und kurzgefasste Grammatik des Otji-Herero._ Leipzig (reprint 1964 Ridgwood, NJ: The Gregg Press).
- Hahn, C. Hugo (1857). _Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Hereró._ Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz.
- Lutz, Marten (2006). "Locative inversion in Otjiherero: more on morpho-syntactic variation in Bantu." In: Laura Downing, Lutz Marten & Sabine Zerbian (eds.), _Papers in Bantu Grammar, ZAS Papers in Linguistics_ 43, 97—122.
- Marten, Lutz & Nancy C. Kula (2007). "Morphosyntactic co-variation in Bantu: two case studies." SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 15.227-238.
- Möhlig, Wilhelm, Lutz Marten & Jekura U. Kavari (2002). _A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero)._ Köln: Köppe (Grammatische Analysen afrikanischer Sprachen; v.19).

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Herero
- **nativename**: Otjiherero
- **states**:

- **region**: Kunene Region, Kunene, Omaheke and Otjozondjupa in Namibia; Ghanzi District, Ghanzi in Botswana
- **speakers**: 237,000
- **iso1**: hz
- **iso2**: her
- **iso3**: her
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic-Congo languages, Atlantic-Congo
- **fam3**: Benue-Congo languages, Benue-Congo
- **fam4**: Bantoid languages, Bantoid
- **fam5**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam6**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam7**: Central Bantu
- **fam8**: Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone R, Zone R.30


## Infobox (ethnonym)

- Ovaherero
- Otjiherero
Claudio Marchisio

**Claudio Marchisio** (born 19 January 1986) is an Italian football player. He plays for Juventus and Italy national team.

## Career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|League|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="3"|Cup|colspan="3"|Europe|colspan="3"|Total|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:center;"|Juventus|Serie A|2005–06|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|
|Serie B|2006–07|25|0|2|1|0|0|-|-|-|26|0|2|||
|Empoli (loan)|rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:center;"|Serie A|2007-08|26|0|1|1|0|0|2|0|0|29|0|1|
|rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:center;"|Juventus|2008–09|24|3|2|2|0|0|6|0|0|32|3|2||
|2000–10|28|3|3|0|0|0|7|0|1|35|3|4||||
|2010–11|32|4|4|1|0|0|5|0|0|38|4|4||||

## Infobox (football biography 2)

- **playername**: Claudio Marchisio
- **image**: Claudio Marchisio BGR-ITA 2012.jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **caption**: Marchisio in 2012 for Italy national football team, Italy national team
- **fullname**: Claudio Marchisio
- **birth place**: Turin, Italy
- **currentclub**: Juventus F.C., Juventus
- **clubnumber**: 8
- **position**: Midfielder
Financial Services Authority

The **Financial Services Authority** (**FSA**) is a group who regulate banks and other financial companies in the United Kingdom. Its board is appointed by the Treasury and the organisation is structured as a company limited by guarantee and owned by the UK government. Its main office is based in Canary Wharf, London, with another office in Edinburgh. When acting as the competent authority for listing of shares on a stock exchange, it is referred to as the **UK Listing Authority** (**UKLA**).

The FSA's Chairman and CEO are Lord Turner of Ecchinswell and Hector Sants.

On June 16, 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced plans to abolish the FSA and separate its responsibilities between a number of new agencies and the Bank of England.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Financial Services Authority
- **formed**: December 2001
- **dissolved**: April 2013
- **superseding**: Prudential Regulation Authority (United Kingdom), Prudential Regulation Authority, Financial Conduct Authority
- **jurisdiction**: United Kingdom
- **headquarters**: 25 North Colonnade
London, United Kingdom
- **employees**: 3,800
- **chief1 name**: Adair Turner
- **chief1 position**: Chairman
Annar

In Norse mythology, **Annar** ("second/another") was the second husband of Nótt ("Night") and father of Jörð. He was a grandfather of the god Thor.

In the _Gylfaginning_, it is said:
    - "She (Nótt) was wedded to him that was called Annar; Jörð was their daughter."
Naglfari

**Naglfari** is in the Norse mythology the first husband of Nótt and a father of Auðr. It seems that he was invented by Snorri Sturluson.
Auðr

**Auðr** (Old Norse "prosperity") or **Aud** is in the Norse mythology a son of Naglfari and Nótt, and half-brother of Jörð (Earth) and Dagr (Day). He is an uncle of Thor. Jörð is called "Auðr's splendid sister".

Scholar Rudolf Simek theorizes that Auðr is the invention of Snorri Sturluson. Simek notes that Auðr is a female name in other Icelandic sources.
Dellingr

**Dellingr** (Old Norse, possibly "the dayspring" or "shining one") is a god in the Norse mythology. He is a personification of a dawn.

He married Nótt (Night) and she bore him a son named Dagr (Day).

The English family name Dallinger has been theorized as deriving from Dellingr.
Nótt

**Nótt** (Old Norse "night") is a personification of the night in the Norse mythology. A goddess similar to her, but in Greek mythology, is Nyx.

Nótt is called "night" by mankind, "darkness" by the gods, "unlight" by jötnar, "joy-of-sleep" by the elves. Nótt is usually represented by an Owl and revolves around her son, Dagr. She is know as black and swarthy, a daughter of the giant Narfi and granddaughter of the Norse god, Loki. She had three husbands:
- Naglfari
- Annar
- Dellingr

She has three children:
- Auðr
- Jörð
- Dagr

Her horse is Hrímfaxi.
Dagr

**Dagr** (Old Norse "day") is a personification of a day in the Norse mythology. He is a son of the dawn god Dellingr and personification of the night Nótt. He is a half-brother of Auðr and Jörð (Earth). His nephew is Thor.

Odin took Dagr and Nótt, gave them each a chariot and a horse—Dagr receiving the horse Skinfaxi—and placed them in the sky to ride around the earth every 24 hours.
Meili

**Meili** ("the lovely one") is a god of the Norse mythology. His father is Odin. His brother is Thor. His mother is Jörð. He is several times called "Thor's brother". His name is on the list of Odin's sons.
Mundilfari

**Mundilfari** (**Mundilfäri**) (Old Norse, possibly "the one moving according to particular times") is in Norse mythology a father of Sól (Sun) and Máni (Moon). One moon is named after him.
Voltammetry

**Voltammetry** is the name for a number of methods to analyse a sample, both in terms of quality and quantity. With voltammetry, the composition of a probe can be re-constructed by looking at the way electrical current<nowiki/>s flow through it. Usually, the electrical current between two or more electrodes is varied. Voltammetry is a form of electrolysis.
Manolo Blahnik

**Manolo Blahnik**, CBE (born 28 November 1942) is a Spanish fashion designer and founder of the high-end shoe brand "Manolo".
Augustin Pajou

**Augustin Pajou** (19 September 1730 – 8 May 1809) was a French sculptor. He is known for his portraits of celebrities.

## Biography

Augustin Pajou was born in Paris. He studied sculpture with Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger. At the age of 18, he wins the Prix de Rome.
Seconal

**Secobarbital sodium** (sold as **Seconal**) is a drug which is used to treat epilepsy and insomnia.  Trade names include **Seconal** and **reds**.

It was first synthesised in 1928. Like other barbiturates, it is fairly addictive. In many countries, this is an illegal drug, outside the medical context. Today, this drug is only used rarely. Barbiturates have been replaced by benzodiazepines for many applications.
Botulism

**Botulism** is a rare disease caused by a bacteria called _Clostridium botulinum_. You can get it from eating meat that is not cooked properly. Babies can get it as well as adults.
Symptoms include fever, vomiting, difficulty talking and weakness of the facial muscles. Botulism toxin is a major ingredient in botox, a gel that relaxes the facial muscles to make people look younger.

Botulism is caused by a species of _Clostridium_, C. botulinum. It is transmitted through food containing endospores or through a wound. The most potent neurotoxin known is produced when the bacteria is exposed to low oxygen and body temperature. Foods which have been improperly canned are responsible for 90% of the cases of botulism. Natural, unpasteurized honey has been known to transmit infection and intoxication with the pathogen and the neurotoxin. Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease causing a flaccid paralysis; the neurotoxin blocks neurotransmitters. This results in an inability to contract muscles. The neurotoxin has been used medically in the management of severe pain by anaesthetists and also cosmetically to reduce wrinkles.
Streptococcus pyogenes

***Streptococcus pyogenes*** is a bacterium which causes strep throat. It is the most common bacterium in the group _streptococcus_. It can also cause scarlet fever, and is the main cause of toxic shock syndrome. The disease is treated with antibiotics like penicillin. Group A is the most serious form. It occurs on our skin normally.
Abanyom language

**Abanyom** is a Niger-Congo language. It is categorized as a part of the Ekoid language subfamily and Southern Bantoid group. The language is spoken by the Abanyom people in the Cross River State of Nigeria. As of 1986, there were about 12,500 speakers of Abanyom.

Abanyom is very similar to the Bantu languages. It is a tonal language. Its noun class system is the same as other Niger-Congo languages'.

## Other websites

- Ethnologue report on Abanyom

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Abanyom
- **altname**: Bakor
- **states**: Nigeria
- **region**: Cross River State
- **date**: 1986
- **ref**: e19
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam5**: Ekoid languages, Ekoid
- **fam6**: Efutop–Ekajuk
- **iso3**: abm
- **glotto**: aban1242
- **glottorefname**: Abanyom
Euphorbia

***Euphorbia*** is genus of over 2000 plant species. It is one of the biggest genera in the plant kingdom. Common names include poinsettia, spurge, or just _Euphorbia_.

Many of these plants have developed a defence against herbivory: They are poisonous when swallowed. The Euphorbia family is in the group Malpighiales, one of the largest groups in the plant kingdoms. The euphorbia family also includes crotons (_Codiaeum_), castor bean plants (_ricinu_s), and hogworts (_Croton_).

Euphorbias are commonly plants that do not need a lot of water, like cacti. Pointsettias are commonly called Christmas flowers. There are many smaller genera in _Euphorbia_. _Ricinus_ (castor bean plant) is very toxic. It is the second most poisonous plant after _Nerium oleander_ (family Apocynaceae).
Pyrola

**Pyrola**, commonly called wintergreens (also applied to Gaultheria), are plants in the heath family _Ericaceae_. They are in the subfamily Pyroloideae of the family Ericaceae. Pyroloideae was treated as a separate family, **Pyrolaceae.**
Treponema

***Treponema*** is a genus of bacteria. It can cause many diseases, the most important being syphilis. Other diseases include bejel, pinta, and yaws.
Spirochaetaceae

**Spirochaetaceae** is a family of bacteria. It includes _Treponema padillum_, the cause of syphilis.
Doedicurus

***Doedicurus*** was an extinct armadillo from the family Glyptodontidae, also known as glyptodonts. Fossils have been found in Patagonia, in South America. These herbivores may have been preyed upon by predators such as _Smilodon_ and _Borophagus_. _Doedicurus_ was an extremely famous animal during the early Pleistocene, between 2 million and 15,000 years ago.
Diet (nutrition)

In nutrition, ***diet*** is the sum of food that is eaten by a person or another organism. **Dietary habits** are the usual decisions someone or a culture makes when choosing what foods to eat.

In discussing diet, the key issue is the change in work done. People have moved from manual work to office-type work, and to houses which have washing machines (et cetera). This has happened usually without changes in eating habits set during childhood, causing individuals to eat more calories than they burn. This is the basic reason why people gain waight, with all the problems which follow.

The word **diet** often expresses the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos, due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthful. A proper nutrition requires a proper ingestion and, also important, the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and food energy in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in health and mortality, and can also define cultures and play a role in religion.

Diets are about eating the right quantity and type of food at the right time. When people talk about a diet, they are usually referring to a special kind of diet. When someone says they are "dieting", it means that they are trying to lose weight. People who study diet and eating habits are called dietitians.
When the diet is not right, people can gain or lose weight. They may become overweight or underweight. To get back to their normal weight, they need to change their diet. This may be very hard to do. Often help from a specialist is required.

Some people will also do fasting - they will not eat anything for some time to lose weight, balance their diet and clean their bodies.

Some people have diseases where they cannot eat certain foods without becoming very sick. They need to change their diet to avoid these foods. A food allergy is a condition in which a specific food makes someone sick. Phenylketonuria is a disease in which a person cannot digest certain foods properly because they have an amino acid, or type of chemical, called phenylalanines in them.

A fad diet is a type of diet that becomes popular for a short time without any major health organizations recommending it.

Health agencies recommend that people maintain a normal weight by limiting consumption of energy-dense foods and sugary drinks, eating plant-based food, limiting consumption of red and processed meat, and limiting alcohol intake.

## Related pages

- Nutrition
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans

***Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans*** is a 2009 American crime drama movie. It was directed by Werner Herzog. It has Nicolas Cage playing a bad lieutenant who bullies people, abuses heroin, painkillers and cocaine and is corrupt on many levels. The movie is similar to but neither a sequel nor remake for Abel Ferrara's 1992 classic movie _Bad Lieutenant_, which starred Harvey Keitel as a nameless police lieutenant. The 1992 movie was rated NC-17, whereas the 2009 movie received an R rating. Also starring in the 2009 movie is Eva Mendes; she plays the lieutenant's girlfriend.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **language**: English
Chief Justice of India

The **Chief Justice of the Republic of India** is the head of the judicial branch of the government of India and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India, which makes them the highest ranking officer of the Indian federal judiciary. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India with the advice and consent of the Parliament to serve until they reach the age of sixty-five, resign, are impeached or die.
The current chief justice of India is Justice Sanjiv Khanna

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Chief Justice
- **body**: India
- **image**: Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud.jpg
- **insignia**: Emblem of India.svg
- **style**: The Honourable (formal)
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Emblem of India
- **formation**: 1950
- **incumbent**: w:Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud, Dhananjaya Chandrachud
- **incumbentsince**: 9 November 2022
Sextant

A **sextant** is an object used for navigation which measures angles. The user is able to measure the angle between the horizon and an object in the sky, such as the sun, a star, or a planet. It originally could measure angles up to 60°, which was one sixth of a circle. This is how it got its name from the Latin word _sextus_ (six). It helps work out positions of latitude and longitude.
Astronomical Almanac

The ***Astronomical Almanac*** is a book published each year by the United States Naval Observatory and Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office. It includes information on astronomy such as the setting and rising times of the sun, moon, planets and stars, as well as eclipses. It has been published since 1767. In 1981 the American and British publications were combined. The information in the almanac is used by astronomers, navigators, surveyors and space scientists. Using the information it would be possible to work out your position on Earth to within 500 metres.

## References

fa:زیج
Peter Warburton

**Peter Egerton Warburton** (1813—1889) was an English naval and military officer who became famous as an explorer of Australia. He served as the Commissioner of Police in South Australia.  He was employed by the South Australian government to replace Benjamin Herschel Babbage, because they felt Babbage was moving to slowly. Warburton led several trips into the desert between 1856 and 1874. He found a gap through the ring of salt lakes north of Adelaide in South Australia, which had blocked northward exploration. He visited the artesian springs which he named Coward Springs. He also explored the Davenport Range which he named after Sir Samuel Davenport, a South Australian politician.

In 1872 he became the first person to cross Australia from the centre, at Alice Springs to the coast of Western Australia. He had to cross the Great Sandy Desert, a trip which left him blind in one eye. He was so ill he completed the trip tied to his camel. They were forced to eat most of their camels. He said they only reason the group survived was through the skills of Charley, their Indigenous Australian guide, Charley.  Warburton was made a CMG and given £1000 as a reward in 1875.
Marree, South Australia

**Marree** is a small town in South Australia. The area was called Herrgott Springs by John McDouall Stuart who explored the area in 1859. He named them after one of his exploring group, David Herrgott, a Bavarian naturalist, who had found the artesian springs. The town was named Marree during World War One, because of ill feelings towards Germany. _Marree_ was an Aboriginal word meaning "many possums."

The town is 685 km north of the state capital, Adelaide.
Geiger–Marsden experiment

The **Geiger–Marsden experiment** (also called the **Gold foil experiment** or the **Rutherford experiment**) was a scientific experiment done by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909. They were instructed by Ernest Rutherford, and the experiment happened at the Physical Laboratories of the University of Manchester.  The results of the experiment were surprising. They showed scientists that the atomic nucleus exists. This disproved the plum pudding model of the atom, and led to the Rutherford atomic model (also called the planetary model).

## References

de:Rutherford-Streuung#Rutherfordscher Streuversuch (Manchester, 1909–1913)
Gunnlöð

**Gunnlöð** is a giantess in Norse mythology, a daughter of the giant Suttungr and granddaughter of Gilling. She slept with Odin.
Davenport Range

The **Davenport Range** is a mountain range 760 km north of Adelaide, South Australia. The nearest town is Coober Pedy which about 140 km to the southwest. It was named by the explorer Major Peter Warburton who first saw them in 1859. He named them after Sir Samuel Davenport (1818—1889), a South Australian politician.
Nicolas Cage

**Nicolas Kim Coppola** (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as **Nicolas Cage**, is an American actor and movie producer. He was born in Long Beach, California. He has starred in many movies, including: _Peggy Sue Got Married_ (1986), _Moonstruck_ (1987), _Kiss of Death_ (1995), _Face/Off_ (1997), _The Wicker Man_, _Ghost Rider_ (2007), _Knowing_ (2009), and _Kick-Ass_ (2010). In 2024, Cage starred and produced the horror thriller movie _Longlegs_.

Cage won an Academy Award for the Best Actor in the movie _Leaving Las Vegas_ (1995). He is the nephew of Francis Ford Coppola.

## Early life

He was born on January 7, 1964, in Long Beach, California. His parents were August Floyd Coppola, a professor of literature, and Joy (née Vogelsang), a dancer and choreographer. He was raised in a Catholic family.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Nicolas Cage 2011 CC.jpg
- **caption**: Cage at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International
- **birth name**: Nicolas Kim Coppola
- **birth place**: Long Beach, California, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Beverly Hills High School
- **alma mater**: UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television
- **years active**: 1981-present
- **children**: 3
- **parents**: August Coppola
Lalit Modi

**Lalit Kumar Modi**, (; born November 29, 1963) Is an Indian businessman. Modi is the founder of the Indian Premier League, where he was the Chairman and Commissioner. Modi was also the Chairman of Airtel Champions League T20. Modi served as the Vice President of the Board of Cricket Control in India (BCCI) and the Punjab Cricket Association.

Lalit Modi is the President and Managing Director of Modi Enterprises and the Executive Director of Godfrey Phillips India.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lalit Kumar Modi
- **image**: Modi at IPL Players Auction.jpg
- **native name**: ललित कुमार मोदी
- **birth place**: New Delhi
- **education**: Duke University, Pace University, St. Columbus High School
- **occupation**: * Founder and architect at Board of Control for Cricket in India, BCCI / Champions League Twenty20, Airtel Champions League Twenty20
*Founder and Architect of the Indian Premier League
*Vice President at Punjab Cricket Association
*President and Managing Director at Modi Enterprises
- **spouse**: Minal Modi
- **website**: [http://www.lalitmodi.org www.lalitmodi.com]
Oodnadatta, South Australia

**Oodnadatta** is a small town in the north of South Australia, 1011 km from Adelaide. About 150 people live in the town, of whom 80% are Aboriginal people from the Aranda, Antakarainnja, Luritja and Pitjantjatjara nations. The name _Oodnadatta_ comes from an Aranda word, _utnadata_, which means mulga blossom.

Explorer John McDouall Stuart visited the area in 1859. His route was later used as the route for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line in 1872. The discovery of good artesian wells meant that a town could be set up for the building of the railway which eventually went to Alice Springs.
Davie Cooper

**David "Davie" Cooper** (25 February 1956 – 23 March 1995) was a professional football player. He was a Scotland international and played as a left winger.

He started his career at Clydebank F.C. where he was an instant success, helping the club to the second division championship in 1975-1976. Some of the major clubs began to take notice of his ability and in 1977 he was signed by Rangers manager Jock Wallace for £100,000. With Rangers, Cooper won three League Championships and three Scottish Cups. By season 1988-1989 he was no longer a first team regular and moved to Motherwell for £50,000. He went on to win the Scottish Cup with Motherwell in 1991 before returning to his former club Clydebank in 1994.

Dutch footballing legend Ruud Gullit played against Davie Cooper in a friendly match for Feyenoord against Rangers, after which he called Cooper one of the greatest players he has ever seen, he later named Cooper in his greatest XI in football magazine Four Four Two

He died of a brain haemorrhage on 23 March 1995 whilst he was filming a coaching video.
Port Augusta, South Australia

**Port Augusta** is a city in South Australia at the top of Spencer Gulf, 322 km north of Adelaide. The first people to live in the area where the indigenous Banggarla or Nuguna people. Matthew Flinders explored the gulf in 1802. Edward Eyre explored the land in 1839 before going north to Lake Eyre. The harbour was set up in 1852 by Alexander Elder and John Grainger. They named it after Lady Augusta Sophia Young, the wife of the Governor of South Australia. Because of its location, the city quickly became an important port, servicing much of the inland of Australia. In 2018 there were 13,799 people living in Port Augusta.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: city
- **name**: Port Augusta
- **state**: sa
- **image**: Jacaranda Time Port Augusta.jpg
- **caption**: View across Spencer Gulf to Mount Brown
- **postcode**: 5700
- **dist1**: 310
- **location1**: Adelaide via
- **dist2**: 470
- **location2**: Ceduna, South Australia, Ceduna via
- **dist3**: 540
- **location3**: Coober Pedy via
- **lga**: City of Port Augusta
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Stuart, Stuart

Electoral district of Giles, Giles
- **fedgov**: Division of Grey, Grey
- **maxtemp**: 26.3
- **mintemp**: 12.2
- **rainfall**: 214.1
- **native name**: Goordnada
- **est**: 1852
- **local map**: yes
- **zoom**: 10
Saasen (Reiskirchen)

**Saasen** is a small village in the municipality of Reiskirchen. It is in the Gießen district of Hesse in Germany. The village includes the parts Bollenbach, Veitsberg and Wirberg, an old castle. Currently Saasen has 1,156 people living there.

The name of Saasen changed many times in the 12th and 13th centuries.

## Climate

Saasen has a temperate climate. Winters are mild and summers are cool.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Saasen
- **type**: Ortsteil
- **state**: Hesse
- **region**: Giessen
- **district**: Giessen
- **municipality**: Reiskirchen
- **elevation**: 233
- **area**: 7.37
- **population**: 1135
- **stand**: 2009-12-31
- **postal code**: 35447
- **area code**: 06401
- **licence**: GI
- **mayor**: Holger Sehrt
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Bürgermeister
- **party**: SPD
Blenheim Palace

**Blenheim Palace** is a grand building in the town of Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, UK. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## History

The palace was built to celebrate a great victory over the French at Blenheim, in 1704. The great country home was designed by architects Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor. It has a park that was landscaped by Capability Brown.

Blenheim was the home of John Churchill, who was the 1st Duke of Marlborough. His successors still live in the palace.

Sir Winston Churchill was born at Blenheim.

Blenheim Palace and its grounds were named a World Heritage Site, in 1987.

## Related pages

- List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

## Infobox (world heritage site)

- **whs**: Blenheim Palace
- **image**: Blenheim Palace IMG 3673.JPG
- **caption**: View of front and main entrance of palace
- **type**: Cultural
- **criteria**: ii, iv
- **id**: 425
- **region**: List of World Heritage Sites in Europe, Europe and North America
- **year**: 1987
- **session**: 11th
- **link**: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/425
Natalya Bochkareva

**Natalya Vladimirovna Bochkareva** (; 25 July 1980) is an Russian stage and movie actress and television presenter.

## Biography

Natalya Vladimirovna Bochkareva was born in Gorky now [Nizhny Novgorod]. Both her parents died, her mother died at age 54 from complications after strokes and her father died at age 52 several years later. She has one sibling, younger sister Nadezhda Bochkareva.

In 2000 she graduated from Nizhny Novgorod Theatre School, and in 2002 from Moscow Art Theatre School.

## Career

She started her career in 1999 when played a small role in movie "Chinese service". Since 2006 she play main role Darya Bukina in TV series "Happy Together". It is an adaptation of series "Married ... With Children".  She has been an actress with the Moscow Art Theatre since 2002.

Since 2010, she also is a television presenter.

## Personal life

On September 28, 2007 she married lawyer Nikolai Borisov. They has a two children, son Ivan Borisov (born on January 4, 2007) and daughter Maria Borisova (born on February 22, 2008). Natalya also has a stepdaughter, Alysa Borisova.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Natalya Bochkareva
- **image**: Наталья Бочкарева.jpg
- **birthname**: Natalya Vladimirovna
- **birth place**: Nizhny Novgorod, Gorky, Russian SFSR, USSR
[now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia]
- **occupation**: Actress, television presenter
- **yearsactive**: 1999–present
- **parents**: Vladimir Bochkarev (deceased)
? Bochkareva (deceased)
- **relatives**: Nadezhda Bochkareva (younger sister)
Alysa Borisova (step-daughter)
- **spouse**: Nikolai Borisov
<small>(m.2007-present; 2 children)</small>
- **children**: One son and a one daughter
Nissan Terrano II

The **Nissan Terrano II** was a automobile that was made by Nissan, introduced in 1993. It was replaced by the Nissan Qashqai in 2006. Ford sold it in Europe as the Ford Maverick until 1998 and Nissan sold it in Japan as the Nissan Mistral. A panel van version was also offered in Britain. Long wheelbase (LWB) and short wheelbase (SWB) versions were sold.

## Engines

- _2.4_ 85 kW (116 hp), 87 kW (118 hp) and 91 kW (124 hp)
- _2.7 TD_ 74 kW (100 hp) and 92 kW (125 hp)
- _3.0 Di_ 113 kW (154 hp)
Buddleja

***Buddleja*** is a genus in the figwort family, _Scrophulariaceae_, although previously it had been placed the _Logania_ family. They are commonly called **butterfly bushes**. _Buddleja davidii_ is the type species. It is in the order _Lamiales_ (previously _Gentianales_).
Asteridae

**Asteridae** is a Linnaean term with the rank of subclass. By definition it always includes the family Asteraceae (Compositae). However, in the modern APG III system of classification, asterid and euasterid are names for clades. Their member families are similar to those of the Asteridae.

One of the better-known systems that recognized subclass Asteridae was the Cronquist system, which included the orders:

- Gentianales
- Solanales
- Lamiales
- Callitrichales
- Plantaginales
- Scrophulariales
- Campanulales
- Rubiales
- Dipsacales
- Calycerales
- Asterales

Most of the above orders as defined by Cronquist have been dramatically redefined on the basis of recent molecular systematic studies.
Lentibulariaceae

**Lentibulariaceae** is a family of plants, sometimes called the 'bladderwort family'. It only has three genera: _Pinguicula_, _Genlisea_, and _Utricularia_. They are all carnivorous plants (plants which trap and digest insects). They are in the order Lamiales.
Klebsiella

***Klebsiella*** is a dangerous bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a main cause of pneumonia in children. A new drug resistant strain was discovered in 2023. The type species is _Klebsiella pneumoniae_. It can also cause donovanosis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
Mesa

**Mesa** (Spanish and Portuguese for "table") is a steep-sided, flat-topped hill or mountain. They are sometimes called "table mountains." These mountains are mainly found in Spain, Africa and in some parts of the United States.
Tennant Creek

**Tennant Creek** () is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia, about 500 km north of Alice Springs and 1000 km south of Darwin. There are about 3,500 people living in the town, of which 55% are Indigenous. The area is part of the Barkly Tablelands, a large flat grassy plain the size of the United Kingdom, famous for its large cattle stations (farms). The first people to live in the area were the Warramunga people.

The explorer John McDouall Stuart was the first European to visit the area in 1860, but was attacked by warriors from the Warramunga at Attack Creek. In the battle at the creek, Stuart wrote that they "took steady aim" and fired their guns at the Warramunga, but he does not mention if any were killed or injured. Stuart named Tennant Creek after a John Tennant, of Port Lincoln, South Australia.

A repeater station for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line was built 11 km north of Tennant Creek in 1872.

There was a gold rush to Tennant Creek in 1930, Australia's last gold rush. Mining is still a major activity in the area, with gold, manganese and copper mines. In 2011 the Australian government proposed building a nuclear waste dump near the town despite protests from the traditional Aboriginal land owners. The traditional owners challenged the proposal in the Federal Court in June 2014, and the Northern Land Council dropped its plans.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Tennant Creek
- **state**: nt
- **image**: Tennant-creek0116.jpg
- **caption**: Main Street, Tennant Creek
- **pop**: 3080
- **established**: 3 June 1954 (town)
- **postcode**: 0860
- **timezone**: UTC9:30, ACST
- **utc**: +9:30
- **dist1**: 989
- **location1**: Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin
- **dist2**: 1754
- **location2**: Cairns
- **dist3**: 508
- **location3**: Alice Springs
- **lga**: Barkly Region
- **stategov**: Electoral division of Barkly, Barkly
- **fedgov**: Division of Lingiari, Lingiari
- **maxtemp**: 31.9
- **mintemp**: 19.8
- **rainfall**: 475.0
Royal Geographical Society

**Royal Geographical Society** (RGS) or the **Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers** (RGS-IBG), is a group ("society") of educated people in the United Kingdom. This group works to increase the learning of geography. The leader is Michael Palin.

## History

RGS was made in 1830.  The society started as a club where men talked about geography while eating dinner.

Today the society has become a world centre for geography.  RGS supports research, education, expeditions and fieldwork.

Its awards include,
- Founder's Medal
- Patron's Medal
- Back Award
- Busk Medal
- Cuthbert Peek Award
- Gill Memorial Award
- Cherry Kearton Medal and Award
- Edward Heath Award
- Geographical Award
- Murchison Award
- Ness Award
- Victoria Medal

Its publications include,
- _The Geographical Journal_
- _Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers_

## Important members

- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- David Livingstone
- Henry Morton Stanley
- Robert Falcon Scott
- Ernest Shackleton
- John Hunt, Baron Hunt
- Edmund Hillary
- John George Bartholomew

## Related pages

- List of Royal Societies

## Other websites

- Royal Geographical Society website
Benjamin Herschel Babbage

**Benjamin Herschel Babbage** (1815—1878) was an English scientist, engineer and explorer. Babbage was the son of the famous mathematician, Charles Babbage. He went to South Australia to map the geography and the location of minerals.

Babbage was very thorough, and spent a lot of time making sure that his information was correct. He carried a lot of equipment, as well as four and half tonnes of food, enough to last 18 months in the desert. Among his supplies he had 20 kilograms of chocolate and 5000 litres of water. He also took a flock of 150 sheep, which limited the speed the group could move. The government became frustrated with Babbage's slow progress, they wanted to know about possible farm lands and valuable minerals as soon as possible. Eventually Babbage was removed from the job and replaced by Major Peter Warburton.

Babbage later helped on the planning for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line. He was interested in growing grapes and retired to his large vineyard at St.Marys. He died on 20 October 1878, and is buried at St.Marys.
Stuart Highway

The **Stuart Highway** is one of Australia's major roads. It links Port Augusta, South Australia, with Darwin in the Northern Territory a distance of 2,834 km. It is named after the explorer John McDouall Stuart, and much of the road follows the route he took on his epic journey in 1862. The highway is promoted as a tourist attraction, called the "Explorer's Way". For many years in Australia it was simply known as "The Track". Towns on the highway include Marla, Coober Pedy, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek and Katherine.

## Other websites

- The Explorer's Way
Malva

***Malva*** is a genus of about 25-30 species of plants commonly called mallows. It is the type genus in the family Malvaceae. Several species are widely grown as garden flowers, while some are invasive weeds,such as M. neglecta. The color mauve is named after the French name of the plant. The word Mallow comes from the old English "malwe" which was imported from the word "Malva".
Poinsettia

**Poinsettia** (_Euphorbia pulcherrima_) is a red and green plant popular at Christmas time. It grows in Mexico and Central America and is an important export. It belongs to the order Malpighiales.

Many flowering plants use the pigment phytochrome to sense seasonal changes in day length, which they take as signals to flower. This sensitivity to day length is termed photoperiodism. Short day plants flower when the length of daylight falls below a certain critical level.

It is not actually the period of light exposure that limits flowering.  Rather, a short day plant requires a minimal length of uninterrupted darkness in each 24-hour period (a short daylength) before floral development can begin.

Plants make use of the phytochrome system to sense day length or photoperiod.  This fact is used by florists and greenhouse gardeners to control and induce flowering out of season, such as with _Poinsettia_.