juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
William H. Seward

**William Henry Seward** (May 16, 1801–October 10, 1872) was an American politician. He was the fourteenth Governor of New York, and later a United States Senator. He was also the United States Secretary of State for two presidents, Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was very much against slavery. He was an important person in the Republican Party when it was starting. Many people thought he would be nominated by the Republican Party to run for President of the United States in 1860, but that did not happen.

On the night that President Abraham Lincoln was killed, someone also tried to kill Seward. For the rest of his life, Seward had scars on his face from the attack. Later, the man who attacked him was caught and put to death.

When Seward was Secretary of State, he arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from Russia. People made fun of him for doing that. They called it "Seward's Folly". When asked what he thought was the most important thing he did as Secretary of State, Seward said "The purchase of Alaska—but it will take the people a generation to find it out".

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Henry Seward
- **image**: William Henry Seward - edited.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **order**: 24th
- **title**: United States Secretary of State
- **president**: Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
- **term start**: March 5, 1861
- **term end**: March 4, 1869
- **predecessor**: Jeremiah S. Black
- **successor**: Elihu B. Washburne
- **order2**: 14th
- **title2**: Governor of New York
- **lieutenant2**: Luther Bradish
- **term start2**: January 1, 1839
- **term end2**: December 31, 1842
- **predecessor2**: William L. Marcy
- **successor2**: William C. Bouck
- **jr/sr3**: United States Senator
- **state3**: New York
- **term start3**: March 4, 1849
- **term end3**: March 3, 1861
- **predecessor3**: John Adams Dix, John A. Dix
- **successor3**: Ira Harris
- **birth place**: Florida, Orange County, New York, Florida, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Auburn, New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Respiratory failure
- **party**: Whig Party (United States), Whig, United States Republican Party, Republican
- **spouse**: Frances Adeline Seward
- **children**: Augustus Henry Seward
Frederick William Seward
Cornelia Seward
William Henry Seward, Jr.
Frances Adeline Seward
Olive Risley Seward (adopted)
- **alma mater**: Union College
- **profession**: Lawyer, Real estate broker, Land Agent, Politician
- **signature**: William Henry Seward Signature.svg
Rosalind Franklin

**Rosalind Franklin** (Notting Hill, London, 25 July 1920 – London, 16 April 1958) was a British biophysicist. She was known for helping to discover the structure of DNA. Rosalind Franklin was about 15 years old when she knew that she wanted to become a scientist. She attended St. Paul's Girls' School and then continued school at Newham College in Cambridge. At Newham College she got a Ph.D in physical chemistry. She worked on coal, studies of RNA, and viruses. She was one of the first people to do X-ray crystallography on DNA. She also spent several years working in Paris studying crystals. [3] She discovered the size, shape, and arrangement of molecules. She dedicated her life to discovering more about molecules.

In 1951, she moved to London. She joined a group of scientific researchers at King's College. Her assignment was to take pictures of DNA. She looked at the structure and function of DNA in the pictures. This job was very difficult because technology was simple at that time. During this job, Franklin worked with a man named Raymond Gosling. He was also trying to photograph the DNA. Franklin also had to work with Maurice Wilkins. The scientists had many arguments, but Franklin kept working. Instead of working with Wilkins, Franklin liked to work with Gosling. She created X-ray pictures that showed that DNA is shaped like a double helix.

In 1951, Franklin presented her idea about the shape of DNA at a conference. A biologist named James D. Watson went to her conference. Watson and Francis Crick were biologists. They were also studying the shape of DNA. They were building 3D examples of the helix shape.

Watson and Crick used Franklin's work in their work to discover the structure of DNA. Their final model was presented in 1953. They did not say that Franklin's thoughts helped them complete their work. She also discovered the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus  a couple of years before she died.

Franklin died from ovarian cancer in 1958. Nobel Prizes are not awarded after a person's death, so she was not considered for the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It was awarded to Francis Crick, James D. Watson and Maurice Wilkins.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Rosalind Franklin
- **image**: Rosalind Franklin (retouched).jpg
- **caption**: Portrait by Rori (1955)
- **birth date**: 25 July 1920
- **birth place**: Notting Hill, London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **death place**: Chelsea, London, England
- **death cause**: Ovarian cancer
- **field**: Biophysics
- **work institutions**: British Coal Utilisation Research Association
_Laboratoire central des services chimiques de l'État_
King's College London
Birkbeck, University of London, Birkbeck College, London
- **alma mater**: Newnham College, Cambridge
- **known for**: Fine structure of coal and graphite, DNA, DNA structure, viruses
Echo and Narcissus

**Echo and Narcissus** is a story from Ovid's book of poetry, _Metamorphoses_, about a young man named Narcissus and Echo, the mountain nymph, or Oread, who fell in love with him.

Zeus had given Echo the task of entertaining his wife Hera with stories, in order that he might have time to slip away  with nymphs. Hera was known for her jealous and vengeful nature. Always suspicious of Zeus, she thought Echo was the object of his affections. She cast a spell on the unfortunate nymph - from this day forward Echo would only be able to repeat the last words addressed to her and never speak her own words again.

Narcissus, a hunter from Boeotia, got separated from his hunting companions one day in the woods. Echo feeling pitiful because of her curse, had been wandering those same woods. The moment she saw Narcissus walking through the forest, she fell in love with him and his breathtaking beauty. But because of Hera's curse, she was unable to tell him, so she followed the boy and waited for him to speak. Eventually, Narcissus began to call for his companions. Echo eagerly stepped out of the trees and repeated the words. A confusing and repetitive exchange ensued, ending with Narcissus shouting to his companions that they should come together. Mistaking this for an invitation, Echo repeated his words and leapt towards Narcissus. However, at that moment, Narcissus decided he'd rather die before letting a wood nymph have him, and pushed her away.  Echo, heartbroken, ran away and hid in a cave, not eating or sleeping, just pining for Narcissus.

After some time, Echo began to grow thin from starvation until her body withered away entirely into dust, leaving nothing but her voice. To this day Echo's voice still calls back from caves and labyrinths, repeating the last spoken words forever.

Nemesis, the goddess of revenge, punished Narcissus for not accepting the unrequited love of Echo. Nemesis caused him to fall in love with his own reflection he saw in a pool near the cave where Echo had died. Narcissus refused to leave the reflection of himself and, like Echo, starvation was going to claim him. But not before he cried out to his reflection: "Farewell, dear boy. Beloved in vain.". Echo's voice repeated "farewell" from the cave and Narcissus died by the bank of the pool.

And thus ends the story of Echo and Narcissus.

de:Echo (Mythologie)#Echo und Narziss
Laplace's equation

**Laplace's equation** is a partial differential equation, of the second order. It is named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, an 18th century mathematician who first described it. One of the uses of the equation is to predict the conduction of heat, another to model the conduction of electricity.
Gene Tierney

**Gene Eliza Tierney** (November 19, 1920 – November 6, 1991) was an American actress. She was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She starred in several movies including “The Shanghai Gesture” (1941) _Heaven Can Wait_, _Laura_, _Leave Her to Heaven_, _The Razor's Edge_, _The Ghost and Mrs. Muir_, _Whirlpool_, _The Mating Season_ and _The Left Hand of God_.

## Early life

Tierney was born on 19 November 1920. She was born into a wealthy Brooklyn family. On a family vacation she toured the Warner Brothers studio and was spotted by director Anatole Litvak. After a screen test she was offered a contract. But her father disapproved of her becoming a Hollywood actress. He finally approved of her acting on the Broadway stage if she would first make her society debut. She played several bit parts before again being noticed by Hollywood. She had a brief contract with Columbia Pictures but returned to Broadway. Her first break was in the play _The Male Animal_ as a college cheerleader. This time 20th Century Fox wanted to sign her to a contract. They allowed her creative control over her parts and she could return to act on Broadway every year.

## Hollywood

She played a newspaperwoman in love with an outlaw (played by Henry Fonda) in the Western _The Return of Frank James_. She was then cast in a variety of roles before getting top billing on her own. Her first lead role came in the movie _Heaven can Wait_ also starring Don Ameche. She then starred in the Film noir _Laura_. This was followed by a second film noir, _Leave her to Heaven_. Starring with Tyrone Power, she played the female lead in _The Razor's Edge_. Also appearing with Victor Mature and Ona Munson
 in the 1941 film noir “The Shanghai Gesture”.  Probably her best known film was _The Ghost and Mrs. Muir_ with Rex Harrison. When it was released in 1947 it did fairly well.  But it did not become a classic until later. She went on to star in several films. But she had a number of personal problems later in her career. This included a love affair gone wrong. As her second husband, she married W. Howard Lee, a rich Houston oilman. She remained happily married to him for 20 years until his death in 1981.

## Retirement in Houston

After her marriage to Howard she did only two more films before retiring. Tierney's autobiography was published in 1979. As an actor she had been a heavy smoker, probably to lower her voice. On 6 November 1991 Tierney died of emphysema in Houston, Texas. She is buried in Glenwood Cemetery in Houston, next to her husband, W. Howard Lee.
Chris Gayle

**Christopher Henry Gayle** (born 21 September 1979) is a Jamaican cricketer played professional cricket for the West Indies National Cricket team. He has a record for playing franchise and league cricket all over the world. He played for the Worcestershire Country Cricket Club, the Western Warriors, and the Kolkata Knight Riders. He played for the Royal Challenger Bangalore in the Indian Premier League during 2011 to 2017.  In the Big Bash League, he represented the Sydney Thunder. In the Bangladesh Premier League, he represented the Barisal Burners. Previously, he had also played for Kings XI Punjab in Indian Premier League.

Chris Gayle played his last International match (T20) against Australia on November 6, 2021.
Fates Warning

**Fates Warning** is an American progressive metal band. They formed in 1982 and are from Hartford, Connecticut. Many people say they are pioneers. Fates Warning gained fame in the 1980s and was ranked as one of the early "flagship bands of progressive metal" along with Queensrÿche and Dream Theater, who are both credited for creating, developing and making that genre popular.

Fates Warning is not only known for their music, but they are known to have made many changes to their lineup (members). Their original lineup consisted of vocalist John Arch, guitarists Jim Matheos and Victor Arduini, bassist Joe DiBiase, and drummer Steve Zimmerman. From 1982 to 1996 — and temporarily in 2010 — Matheos and DiBiase remained as the only original members of the band, with Matheos being the only constant member. Fates Warning now consists of Matheos on guitar, Ray Alder on vocals and Joey Vera on bass. Bobby Jarzombek has been their drummer since 2007, but only plays live with them.

Fates Warning has released a total of ten studio albums. Other than the studio albums, they have released two live albums, one compilation album, one VHS, three DVDs (each of them features live concerts) and four demo tapes. Their two first albums were not very successful. Their next album, _Awaken the Guardian_, became a mainstream success and peaked at number #191 on the _Billboard_ 200. It became the first album released on their label Metal Blade to enter that chart. Despite the departure of original singer John Arch, Fates Warning's popularity continued to grow with their next three albums, _No Exit_ (1988), _Perfect Symmetry_ (1989) and _Parallels_ (1991); the first two peaked at #111 and #141 on the _Billboard_ 200 respectively. Fates Warning has not released an album since 2004's _FWX_. They have been working on a new one, which they plan to release in 2012.

## Discography

Their full-length studio albums include:
- _Night on Bröcken_ (1984)
- _The Spectre Within_ (1985)
- _Awaken the Guardian_ (1986)
- _No Exit_ (1988)
- _Perfect Symmetry_ (1989)
- _Parallels_ (1991)
- _Inside Out_ (1994)
- _A Pleasant Shade of Gray_ (1997)
- _Disconnected_ (2000)
- _FWX_ (2004)
- _Darkness in a Different Light_ (2013)
- _Theories of Flight_ (2016)
- _Long Day Good Night_ (2020)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Fates Warning
- **img**: Joey Vera (Fates Warning)3.jpg
- **img capt**: Fates Warning performing live at The Underworld in Camden, 2007
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, United States
- **genre**: Progressive metal, power metal
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **label**: Metal Blade Records, Metal Bade
- **associated acts**: Agent Steel, Anthrax (US band), Anthrax, All That Is, Arch / Matheos, Armored Saint, Demonax, Dream Theater, Gordian Knot (band), Gordian Knot, OSI, Redemption (band), Redemption, Slavior, Warlord, Riot (band), Riot, Halford, Sebastian Bach
- **current members**: Jim Matheos
Ray Alder
Joey Vera
Frank Aresti
Bobby Jarzombek
- **past members**: Victor Arduini
John Arch
Joe DiBiase
Steve Zimmerman
Mark Zonder
Flush

**Flush** has several meanings:

- Flush (physiology), to become red in the face and often other areas of the skin
- Flush (cards), a hand in card games
    - Flush (poker), a hand in poker
- Flush text, in justification (typesetting)
- Flush toilet, a toilet using water to dispose of waste
- Flush (slalom skiing), a consecutive series of vertical gates

## Media

- _Flush_ (novel), a young adult novel by Carl Hiaasen
- _Flush: A Biography_, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's dog, by Virginia Woolf
Concepción Province, Chile

The **Province of Concepción** () is one of the 4 provinces in the Biobío Region, with capital based in Concepción, part of the Greater Concepción conurbation.

### Communes

- Concepción
- Coronel
- Chiguayante
- Florida
- Hualpén
- Hualqui
- Lota
- Penco
- San Pedro de la Paz
- Santa Juana
- Talcahuano
- Tomé

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Concepción Province
- **native name**: Provincia de Concepción
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **image map**: Txu-oclc-224571178-sj18-04.jpg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map alt**: Location in the Biobío Region
- **map caption**: Location in the Biobío Region
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Chile
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Biobío Region, Biobío
- **parts style**: coll
- **p1**: Concepción, Chile, Concepción
- **p2**: Coronel, Chile, Coronel
- **p3**: Chiguayante
- **p4**: Florida, Chile, Florida
- **p5**: Hualpén
- **p6**: Hualqui
- **p7**: Lota, Chile, Lota
- **p8**: Penco
- **p9**: San Pedro de la Paz
- **p10**: Santa Juana, Chile, Santa Juana
- **p11**: Talcahuano
- **p12**: Tomé
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Concepción, Chile, Concepción
- **government type**: Province, Provincial
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Eric Aedo Jeldres
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 3439.3
- **population total**: 912889
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Urban
- **population blank1**: 879,854
- **population blank2 title**: Rural
- **population blank2**: 33,035
- **demographics type1**: Sex
- **demographics1 title1**: Men
- **demographics1 info1**: 441,953
- **demographics1 title2**: Women
- **demographics1 info2**: 470,936
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: -4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: -3
- **area code**: 56 + 41
- **website**: [http://www.gobernacionconcepcion.gov.cl/curriculum.html Government of Concepción]
Psychological warfare

The term **psychological warfare** is used to describe methods that military use in war-time. We may understand it as an attempt to influence the behavior/beliefs of enemy armed forces and/or foreign civilian populations. Psychological warfare has many similarities with propaganda messages.

## Term

The term "psychological warfare" has always been considered problematic and offensive. The use of military power is increasingly not any more on the level of an local armored conflict, but on the global basis using mass media. The NATO uses the term "psychological operation" (PSYOP).

People are trying not to use the term "psychological warfare". They would rather use terms like "stabilisation" or "satisfaction".

## History

Psychological warfare has mostly been introduced in the second world war. Both Axis Powers and Allied used it.

- The United States and United Kingdom used the famous German expatriate to appeal to the German population through broadcast.

## Related pages

- Ad hominem
- Divide and conquer
- Hate speech
- Identity politics
- Military
- Pork barrel
- Propaganda
- Psychology
- Red herring
- Smear campaign
- War

## References

- Paul Linebarger: _Psychological Warfare_. Ayer, 1972.
- Günther Wirth: _Krieg vor dem Kriege. Streiflichter auf Inhalt und Methoden der psychologischen Kriegführung des Imperialismus_, Berlin, Union Verlag 1978 (German)
Tympanic membrane

The **tympanic membrane**, also called an **eardrum**, is a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear in humans and other animals. It moves sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Eardrum
- **latin**: membrana tympani
- **image**: Anatomy of the Human Ear en.svg
- **caption**: Anatomy of the human ear.
- **image2**: View-normal-tympanic-membrane.png
- **caption2**: Right tympanic membrane as seen through a speculum.
Viperinae

The **Viperinae**, or **Viperines**, are a subfamily of venomous Vipers in Europe, Asia and Africa.There are 12 genera and 66 species in this subfamily. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, the Vipera berus, even lives within the Arctic Circle.

## Description

Members of this subfamily range in size from the Namaqua Dwarf Adder, that grows to a maximum of 28 cm, to the Gaboon Viper that reaches a maximum length of over 2 m. Most species live on land, but a few, such as Atheris, live in trees.

## Where they live

The Viperinae are found in Europe, Asia and Africa, but they are not found in Madagascar.

## Reproduction

Most of the members of this subfamily are viviparous (ovoviviparous), meaning they give live birth, although a few, such as the Persian Horned viper, lay eggs.

## Genera

- Uzungwe viper (Adenorhinos)
- Bush viper (Atheris)
- Puff adder (Bitis)
- Horned viper (Cerastes)
- Russell's viper (Daboia)
- Saw-scaled viper (Echis)
- McMahon's viper (Eristicophis)
- Large Palearctic viper (Macrovipera)
- Kenya mountain viper (Montatheris)
- Lowland viper (Proatheris)
- False horned viper (Pseudocerastes)
- Palearctic viper (Vipera)
Enbun

, also known as **Embun**, was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after _Bunna_ and before _Kōan_. This period started in March 1356 and ended in March 1361;  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .

## Events of the _Enbun_ era

- **1356** (_Enbun 1, 7th month_): Minamoto no Michisuke was given the position of _naidaijin_ in the Imperial court hierarchy.
- **1356** (_Enbun 1, 7th month_): Ashikaga Yoshinori is raised to the 2nd rank of the 3rd class in the Imperial court hierarchy.
- **1357** (_Enbun 2, 2nd month_): Emperor Go-Murakami released captive Kōgon, Kōmyō and Sukō; and they returned to Kyoto.
- **1358** (_Enbun 3_): Death of Ashikaga Takauji; Ashikaga Yoshiakira was appointed as the new shogun.

## Southern Court _nengō_

- Shōhei, 1346–1370

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Enbun|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1356|1357|1358|1359|1360|1361|
Coldplay discography

The discography of British rock band Coldplay has nine studio albums, four live albums, one compilation album, ten extended plays, twenty-nine singles, two promotional singles and thirty-two music videos. As of 2009, Coldplay has sold over 55 million records.  They are one of the best-selling music artists worldwide.

## Infobox (artist discography)

- **artist**: Coldplay
- **image**: Coldplay - Global-Citizen-Festival Hamburg 14.jpg
- **caption**: Coldplay at the Global Citizen Festival, 2017 Global Citizen Festival
- **alt**: Jonny Buckland plays guitar and Guy Berryman plays the bass, Chris Martin is in the middle of both and sings into a microphone. Will Champion is playing drums behind his three friends.
- **studio**: 8
- **live**: 6
- **compilation**: 6
- **video**: 4
- **ep**: 15
- **singles**: 36
- **music videos**: 61
- **option**: 14
- **option name**: Promotional singles
- **1option name**: Charity singles
- **1option**: 3
- **2option**: 3
- **2option name**: Films
2010 Stanley Cup Finals

The **2010 Stanley Cup Final** was the best-of-seven NHL championship series of the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs.  It was between the Western Conference champion Chicago Blackhawks and the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Flyers. It was Chicago's eleventh time in the Final.  The last time was in 1992 with a loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins. It was Philadelphia's eighth time in the Final.  The last time was in 1997 with a loss to the Detroit Red Wings. Chicago beat Philadelphia four games to two to win their fourth Stanley Cup.

Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews won the Most Valuable Player.  He was the first Blackhawks player to win this honor.

## Infobox (stanley cup final)

- **year**: 2010
- **team1**: Philadelphia Flyers
- **team1 1**: 5
- **team1 2**: 1
- **team1 3**: **4**
- **team1 4**: **5**
- **team1 5**: 4
- **team1 6**: 3
- **team1 tot**: 2
- **team1 short**: Philadelphia
- **team1 coach**: Peter Laviolette
- **team1 captain**: Mike Richards
- **team1 national anthem**: Lauren Hart
- **team2**: **Chicago Blackhawks**
- **team2 1**: **6**
- **team2 2**: **2**
- **team2 3**: 3
- **team2 4**: 3
- **team2 5**: **7**
- **team2 6**: **4**
- **team2 tot**: **4**
- **team2 short**: Chicago
- **team2 coach**: Joel Quenneville
- **team2 captain**: Jonathan Toews
- **team2 national anthem**: Jim Cornelison
- **table-note**: <small>* – Denotes overtime period(s)</small>
- **referees**: Bill McCreary (referee), Bill McCreary <small>(1,3,5)</small>
Dan O'Halloran <small>(1,3,5)</small>
Kelly Sutherland <small>(2,4,6)</small>
Stephen Walkom <small>(2,4,6)</small>
- **dates**: May 29 – June 9
- **location1**: Chicago: United Center <small>(1,2,5)</small>
- **location2**: Philadelphia: Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia), Wachovia Center <small>(3,4,6)</small>
- **mvp**: Jonathan Toews
- **series winner**: Patrick Kane <small>(04:06, OT, G6)</small>
- **networks**: NHL on NBC, NBC, NHL on Versus, Versus, Hockey Night in Canada, CBC, LNH à RDS, RDS, ESPN America, Viasat Sport
- **net announcers**: (NBC/Versus) Mike Emrick, Eddie Olczyk
 (CBC) Jim Hughson, Craig Simpson
 (RDS) Pierre Houde, Benoit Brunet
Barred antshrike

The **barred antshrike**, _Thamnophilus doliatus_, is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is found in the Neotropics from Tamaulipas, Mexico, through Central America, Trinidad and Tobago, and a large part of South America east of the Andes as far south as northern Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. There is one record from southern Texas as well. The barred antshrike has many different songs and calls for contacting, such as crow-like cawing "arrrr" or a slow "hoo-hoo".

## Other websites

- images
- Barred Antshrike videos, photos & videos  on the Internet
Great Britain Olympic football team

The **Great Britain Olympic football team** (also known as **Team GB**) represents the United Kingdom in international football competitions at the Olympic Games. The selection is currently limited to players under the age of 23.

In 1974 the difference between amateur and professional players was found therefore the Team GB Football team was disbanded.

The Olympic football team has been reformed, again run by the FA, for the 2012 Olympic Games, which are to be hosted in London. The team's coach is Stuart Pearce who will be allowed to select players from across the UK.The SFA are worried that if Team GB field a team in the Olympics Great Britain will field a team in other international competitions.
GB have won the Olympic Football competition s times in 1900 1908 and 1912
Olympic rings

The **Olympic rings** are the official symbol of the Olympic Games. The design was created by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1913. The rings were first used at the Olympic Games Belgium in 1920.

The 5 colors of the rings are blue, black, red, yellow and green. It's a common misconception that the colors represent specific continents. In fact, the five colors were chosen so that in combination with the white background, they could produce the colors of all national flags worldwide. Spain (🇪🇸), Portugal (🇵🇹), South Africa (🇿🇦), and South Sudan (🇸🇸).
Litoria

**Litoria** is a genus of Hylidae tree frogs. They are native to Australia, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Guinea, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccan Islands, and Timor.

## Species

The following species are or were once recognised within the genus _Litoria_ (many others have been moved to _Nyctimystes_ and _Ranoidea_):

## References

- Cogger, H.G. 1979. _Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia_. A. H. & A. W. REED PTY LTD
- Tyler, Michael J. 1992. _Encyclopedia of Australian Animals: Frogs_. Angus & Robertson.

## Other websites

- Frogs of Australia. Litoria genus . Amphibian Research Centre.
- Frogs Australia Network search: Litoria
- Frost, Darrel R. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.3 Indexed database. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
Magnificent tree frog

The **magnificent tree frog** or **splendid tree frog** (_Litoria splendida_) is a species of tree frogs. They are native to Australia in the Northern Territory and Western Australia. They were first found in 1977. They are related to the White's tree frog.

## References

- Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern
- Article Road: List of All Frog Breeds: Things you can do to ensure your frog has a long, happy and healthy life: Magnificent tree frog 
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, New South Wales: Amphibian Keeper's Licence: species Lists
White-lipped tree frog

- _For another species called giant tree frog, see rusty tree frog or barking tree frog._
- _For another species called white-lipped tree frog, see Ayarzaguena's tree frog._
- _For another species called white-lipped tree frog, see Zhangixalus pachyproctus._

The **white-lipped tree frog** (_Litoria infrafrenata_) or the **giant tree frog** is a species of tree frogs. They are the largest tree frog in the world. They are native to Northern Queensland, New Guinea, the Bismarck Islands and the Admiralty Islands. They are related to the White's Tree Frog. The Giant Tree Frogs eats insects and other arthropods. They can live up to 10 years in the wild. In Australia, they can be kept as pets. Australians must have a license to have them.

## References

- Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern
- Cronin, L., (2001). _Australian Reptiles and Amphibians_, Envirobook,
- Cogger, H.G. (2000). Reptiles and amphibians of Australia. Reed Books: Sydney.

## Other websites

- Department of Environment and Resource Managmenent: White-lipped tree frog -Conservation status and audio of frog call
- Frog Australia Network -frog call available here.
- http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Litoria&where-species=infrafrenata
- Article Road: List of All Frog Breeds: Things You Can Do to Ensure Your Frog Has a Long, Happy and Healthy Life: White Lipped Tree Frog
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, New South Wales: Amphibian Keeper's Licence: Species Lists
Medium (TV series)

***Medium*** is an American television crime drama series. It was created by Glenn Gordon Caron and ran from January 3, 2005 until January 21, 2011. It stars Patricia Arquette as Allison DuBois, a medium for the Phoenix, Arizona district attorney's office. She is a married mother of three daughters and uses her psychic abilities to help the police to solve crimes.
Jamestown, North Dakota

**Jamestown** is the ninth biggest city in North Dakota. It is the tenth largest city by area in North Dakota. It had a population of 15,849 at the 2020 census.
Hartford

**Hartford** might mean:

## Places

- Hartford, Alabama
- Hartford, Connecticut
- Hartford, Iowa
- Hartford, Kentucky
- Hartford City, Indiana

## Other

- Hartford Whalers, a former ice hockey team from Hartford, Connecticut
21 (album)

***21*** is the second studio album by English singer Adele. It was released on January 19, 2011. It sold 208,000 copies in the first week it was released. It went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart. In the fourth week that _21_ had been number one Adele sang "Someone Like You" at the 2011 BRIT Awards. Amazon.co.uk reported that the album increased in sales by 890% an hour after Adele's performance.

It has sold over 20,000,000 copies worldwide as of May 2012.  The singles "Rolling in the Deep", "Someone Like You", and "Set Fire to the Rain" have all reached #1 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 charts. _21_ has won many Grammy Awards including Album of the Year.

_21_ has sold over 11.648 million copies in the United States alone and is the best-performing album in _Billboard_ history.

## Track listing

Tracks taken from US iTunes Store.

## Credits and personnel

- Vocals - Adele

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: 21
- **type**: studio album
- **artist**: Adele
- **recorded**: 2009-2010
- **prev title**: 19 (album), 19
- **prev year**: 2008
- **next title**: Live at Royal Albert Hall
- **next year**: 2011
Crossover thrash

**Crossover thrash**, also known as **punk metal** or simply **crossover**, is a form of thrash metal. It is a mixture of punk and metal.

## Bands

Bands associated with the crossover genre include:

- Acid Reign
- Agnostic Front
- Anti Feminism
- Attitude Adjustment
- Aversion
- Bad Acid Trip
- Beowülf
- Birth A.D.
- Biohazard
- Blast!
- Blunt Force Trauma
- Body Count
- Bones Brigade
- The Brood
- Carnivore
- Cerebral Fix
- Charged GBH
- Circle Jerks
- Clown Alley
- Concrete Sox
- The Cooters
- Corrosion of Conformity
- Cro-Mags
- Cross Examination
- The Crucified
- Crumbsuckers
- Cryptic Slaughter
- Cynic
- Degenerates
- Dead Horse
- Dead Serious
- Discharge
- Dr. Know
- Dr. Living Dead
- Dresden 45
- Electro Hippies
- English Dogs
- Excel
- Eyesburn
- The Exploited
- Final Conflict
- Gadnium
- Gang Green
- Gama Bomb
- Generation Kill
- Ghoul
- Green Jellÿ
- Gwar
- Hogan's Heroes
- Hellbastard
- Hirax
- Holier Than Thou
- Impulse Manslaughter
- Lawnmower Deth
- Leeway
- Lifeless
- Lobotomia
- Lost Generation
- Ludichrist
- M.O.D.
- Matanza
- Madball
- The Mentors
- Mindsnare
- Mucky Pup
- Mortal Sin
- Municipal Waste
- Neurosis
- Nuclear Assault
- No Mercy
- No Warning
- Oi Polloi
- Poison Idea
- Post Mortem
- Probot
- Prong
- Ratos de Porão
- Rigor Mortis
- Ritam Nereda
- S.O.B.
- Sacrilege
- Send More Paramedics
- Septic Death
- Shell Shock
- Sick Mother Fakers
- Sick of It All
- Snake Nation
- The Prophecy 23
- The Stupids
- Suicidal Tendencies
- Swashbuckle
- Sworn Enemy
- This Is Hell
- Toxic Holocaust
- Verbal Abuse
- Vitamin X
- Void
- Wasted Youth
- Wehrmacht
- What Happens Next?
- U.T.I.
- X-Cops
Excel (band)

**Excel** is a crossover thrash band from Venice, California. The band was formed in 1983 by singer Dan Clements and guitarist Adam Siegel. Excel was influenced by street art and known for painting graffiti on the streets of the cities where they played their shows.

Excel was also known for jumping on stage with other bands from Venice such as No Mercy, Beowülf, Suicidal Tendencies (with whom Excel are very close friends) and Cryptic Slaughter, and sometimes with other thrash metal bands like Testament and Overkill.

Excel has released three studio albums, three split albums, five demos, three singles and two live albums. They broke up in 1995. Their first two albums, _Split Image_ and _The Joke's on You_, were reissued in 2001 with bonus tracks, and in August 2009, they released a special collection of eight DVDs of their tours in Europe and Los Angeles and published them on their MySpace page. Excel announced a reunion in January 2012.

## Discography

Their full-length studio albums include:
- _Split Image_ (1987)
- _The Joke's on You_ (1989)
- _Seeking Refuge_ (1995)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Excel Classic Formation.jpg
- **caption**: Excel in 1988, L-R: Adam Siegel, Shaun Ross, Greg Saenz and Dan Clements
- **name**: Excel
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Chaotic Noise
- **origin**: Venice, California, United States
- **genre**: Crossover thrash, thrash metal, Heavy metal music, heavy metal, skate punk
- **years active**: 1983–1992, 1994–1995, 2012–present
- **label**: Suicidal (1985–1988)
 High Speed (1987)
 Caroline Records (U.S.), Caroline (1987–1989)
 Delicious Vinyl (1994–1995)
 Capitol Records, Capitol (1994–1995)
 Malicious (1995)
- **associated acts**: Suicidal Tendencies, Infectious Grooves, Cyco Miko, No Mercy (metal band), No Mercy, Against (american band), Against, My Head, Alien Ant Farm
- **current members**: Dan Clements
 Alex Barreto
 Shaun Ross (musician), Shaun Ross
 Greg Saenz
- **past members**: Adam Siegel
 Brandon Rudley
 Rickey Palamino
 Evan Warech
"Max"
Ash-throated antwren

The **ash-throated antwren** (_Herpsilochmus parkeri_) is a bird in the antbird family. The first species was found in northern Peru in 1983.

Antbirds do anting. The bird rubs ants (or other arthropods) on the feathers before discarded or eating them. While this has conventionally been considered a way to remove and control feather parasites
Jōji

was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after _Kōan_ and before _Ōan_. This period started in September 1362 and ended in February 1368.  The pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in  Yoshino during this time was .

## Events of the Jōji era

- **1365** (_Jōji 4_): Prince Kaneyoshi gained control of Kyūshū.
- **1367** (_Jōji 6_): Ashikaga Motouji died; and Yoshiakira gave his position to his son.
- **1368** (_Jōji 7_): Ashikaga Yoshimitsu became the third shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate.

## Southern Court  _nengō_

- Shōhei, 1346–1370

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jōji|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1362|1363|1364|1365|1366|1367|1368|
Yapacana antbird

The **Yapacana antbird** (_Myrmeciza disjuncta_) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. The species was named by Friedmann, in 1945.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

## References

- BirdLife International 2004.  Myrmeciza disjuncta.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.
Ōan

, also romanized as **Ō-an,** was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after _Jōji_ and before _Eiwa._ This period started in February 1368 and ended in February 1375.  The pretenders in Kyoto were  and   The Southern Court rivals in Yoshino during this time were  and .

## Events of the Ōan era

- **29 March 1368** (_Ōan 1, 21st day of the 2nd month_): Emperor Go-Murakami died; and his oldest son received the succession.
- **1370** (_Ōan 3_): Imagawa Sadayo sent to subdue Kyūshū.
- **1373-1406** (_Ōan 6_ – _Ōei 13_): Embassies between China and Japan.
- **1374** (_Ōan 7_): En'yū became the head of the Northern Court.

## Southern Court _nengō_

- Shōhei, 1346–1370
- Kentoku, 1370–1372
- Bunchū, 1372–1375

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ōan|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1368|1369|1370|1371|1372|1373|1374|1375|
Gérard Rozenknop

**Gérard Rozenknop** (born 23 January 1950 in Paris 19e), is a French aerospace engineer.
He was head of the French Civil Aviation University from the 6th of January 1999 to the 28th of November 2008.

Graduate from the _École Polytechnique_ (1969) and the French Civil Aviation University (1972), he has done a career at the French civil aviation authorities and at the International Civil Aviation Organization before becoming head of the French Civil Aviation University.

## Further reading

- Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, _Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique_, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gérard Rozenknop
- **birth name**: Rozenknop
- **birth date**: 23th of January 1950
- **birth place**: Paris
- **nationality**: France, French
- **citizenship**: France, French
- **known for**: Director-General of the French Civil Aviation University
- **education**: Aerospace engineer
- **alma mater**: École Polytechnique
 French Civil Aviation University
- **employer**: Directorate General for Civil Aviation, French civil aviation authorities
- **occupation**: Advisor to the Director General of the Directorate General for Civil Aviation, French civil aviation authorities and member of the Académie de l'air et de l'espace
- **predecessor**: Alain Soucheleau
- **successor**: Marc Houalla
Falęcin

**Falęcin** may be one of the following places:
- Falęcin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
- Falęcin, Grójec County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
- Falęcin, Płock County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
- Falęcin, Pruszków County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Eiwa

was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Ōan and before Kōryaku. This period started in February 1375 and ended in March 1379.   The pretender in Kyoto was   Go-En'yū's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .

## Events of the _Eiwa_ era

- **1375** (_Eiwa 1, 3rd month_): Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu visits the Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū where he offers a sword for the shrine's treasury, gold foil for the shrine's decoration, and a racehorse for the shrine's stable.
- **1375** (_Eiwa 2, 4th month_): For the first time, Shogun Yoshimitsu is permitted to enter the Imperial quarters at the Imperial palace.
- **1377** -- Goryeo diplomatic envoy Jeong Mongju met with the  in Kyūshū, Imagawa Ryōshun. The diplomats discussed steps to control pirates (_wakō_).
- **1378** (_Eiwa 4, 3rd month_): Yoshimitsu moved into his new home in Muromachi; and the luxurious house and grounds are called _Hana-no-Gosho_

## Southern Court  _nengō_

- Tenju, 1375–1381

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Eiwa|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1375|1376|1377|1378|1379|
Matthew

**Matthew** might mean:

- Matthew (given name), a male given name
- Matthew the Evangelist, one of the disciples of Jesus
- Gospel of Matthew, a book in the New Testament of the Bible written by the disciple
- _Matthew_ (ship), a 15th-century ship
- Hurricane Matthew, a category 5 hurricane in 2016
The Night Before Christmas

**The Night Before Christmas** might mean:

- _A Visit from St. Nicholas_, a poem by Clement Clarke Moore, often called _The Night Before Christmas_ because that phrase is in the first line of the poem
- "The Night Before Christmas" (_Tom and Jerry_), the third episode of _Tom and Jerry_
Crotalinae

The **Crotalinae**, also known as the "pit vipers" or "crotaline snakes", are a subfamily of venomous vipers found in Asia and the Americas. There are 23 genera and 155 species which are known.

They are the only vipers found in the Americas. Some of the snakes which belong in this group are the rattlesnakes, lanceheads and Asian pit vipers.

Pit vipers are unique because all share a common characteristic, This is a deep pit, or fossa, between the eye and the nostril on either side of the head. These pits are  extremely sensitive infrared-detecting organs. They give the snakes a sixth sense to help them find and perhaps even judge the size of the small, warm-blooded prey on which they feed.

Pit vipers range in size from the hump-nosed viper, _Hypnale hypnale_, which grows to around 30–45 centimetres (12–18 in), to the South American bushmaster, _Lachesis muta_, which grows to 3.65 metres (12.0 ft). This is the longest venomous snake in the New World. Some pit vipers are arboreal (they live in trees), some are terrestrial, and one species is semi-aquatic: the cottonmouth, _Agkistrodon piscivorus_.

## Where they live

This subfamily of snakes is found from eastern Europe, eastward through Asia to Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. In the Americas, they are found from southern Canada, southward to Central America to southern South America. Members of this group are found in deserts and rainforests.

## Reproduction

Pit vipers are mainly viviparous, meaning the females give live birth. It is believed that all oviparous Pit vipers guard their eggs. Many young pit vipers have brightly coloured tails which is different to the rest of their body.

## Genera

- Moccasins, (_Agkistrodon_)
- Jumping pitvipers, (_Atropoides_)
- Palm-pitvipers, (_Bothriechis_)
- Forest-pitvipers, (_Bothriopsis_)
- Lanceheads, (_Bothrops_)
- Malayan pitviper, (_Calloselasma_)
- Montane pitvipers, (_Cerrophidion_)
- Rattlesnakes, (_Crotalus_)
- Hundred-pace pitviper, (_Deinagkistrodon_)
- Asian moccasins, (_Gloydius_)
- Hump-nosed pit vipers, (_Hypnale_)
- Bushmasters, (_Lachesis_)
- Mexican horned pitvipers, (_Ophryacus_)
- Mountain pit vipers, (_Ovophis_)
- Hognose pit vipers, (_Porthidium_)
- Ground rattlesnakes, (_Sistrurus_)
- Asian lanceheads, (_Trimeresurus_)
- Temple vipers, (_Tropidolaemus_)
Zephir

**Zephir** may refer to:

- a fictional character associated with Babar the Elephant
- rail-road shunting vehicles manufacturer, see Rail car mover
- A Laser Doppler anemometer called ZephIR developed by QinetiQ and licensed to a Renewable Energy consultancy called _Natural Power_
- "Zefir (confectionery)", a Russian type of confectionery, made in a similar way to marshmallows with addition of more sugar and egg whites

## Related pages

- Zephyr (disambiguation)
Excel

**Excel** may refer to:

- Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet application by Microsoft Corporation
- Excel (gum), a brand of chewing gum produced by Wrigley's
- Excel (band), a crossover thrash-punk band from Venice, California
- Excel (_Excel Saga_), the protagonist in the manga and anime series _Excel Saga_
- Excel (festival), a national technical festival conducted by Model Engineering College, Kochi, India
Guaviare River

The **Guaviare** is a river in Colombia. It flows into the Orinoco River.

## Other websites

- Territorial-Environmental Information System of Colombian Amazon SIAT-AC website

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Guaviare
- **image**: Guaviarerivermap.png
- **image caption**: Guaviare River course
- **source1**: Ariari River, Ariari and Guayabero River, Guayabero Rivers
- **mouth**: The Orinoco
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Colombia
- **length**: 1,497 Km (930 miles)
Litovel

**Litovel** (; ) is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. There are some historical monuments like the Town hall or the Bridge of Saint John. In the town is brewery which makes beer with the same name as the name of the town.

## Main sights

- **Town Hall** is in Přemysl Otakar II Square. The town bought it in 1557. In 1572 it was rebuilded and they builded there the tower, which is directly over the Morava river.
- **Plague column** was builded by Václav Render in 1724 in memory of plague epidemy in 1714 and it is near the Town Hall in Přemysl Otakar II Square.
- **Bridge of Saint John** is stone bridge over the Morava river. They builded it in 1592 and it is the third oldest bridge in the Czech republic and the oldest in Moravia now.

## Administrative parts

- Březové
- Chořelice
- Chudobín
- **Litovel**
- Myslechovice
- Nasobůrky
- Nová Ves
- Rozvadovice
- Savín
- Tři Dvory
- Unčovice
- Víska

## Twin towns

- Revúca, Slovakia
- Littau, Switzerland
- Wieliczka, Poland

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Litovel
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Litovel - Square of Přemysl Otakar II.jpg
- **image flag**: Vlajka města Litovel.png
- **image shield**: Znak města Litovel.png
- **nickname**: Venice of Haná
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Czech republic
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: Olomouc Region, Olomouc
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Olomouc District, Olomouc
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Zdeněk Potužák
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 46.39
- **population total**: 9930
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 784 01
Ohio Valley Wrestling

**Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW)** is an American developmental professional wrestling promotion. It is  based in Louisville, Kentucky. OVW was a part of the National Wrestling Alliance from its inception in 1997 until 2000. It then became the main company for World Wrestling Entertainment to train new talent. OVW remained in this role from 2000 until 2008.  In November 2011, it became the official and current developmental territory for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. As of December 2011, over 100 people trained at OVW had appeared in WWE. OVW is now run by owner Danny Davis.

## Other websites

- Official website