juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Turtle Bay, Manhattan

**Turtle Bay** is a neighborhood in the Manhattan Borough of New York state. It is most recognized for constituting the United Nations Headquarters, Chrysler Building, St Bartholomew's Church and the Grand Central Station at its south boundary. Turtle Bay is on the far east side of Midtown Manhattan starting at 5th Avenue and onwards, and between E 42nd and E 59th street vertically.
Anatoly Lein

**Anatoly Yakovlevich Lein** (; March 28, 1931 – March 1, 2018) was a Soviet-born American chess Grandmaster. He was born in Leningrad.

In 1976 Lein emigrated to the United States, finishing equal first with Leonid Shamkovich in the U.S. Open, and equal first with Bernard Zuckerman in the World Open chess tournament that year. He also played on the U.S. team in the 1978 Chess Olympiad.

In 2005 he was inducted into the World Chess Hall of Fame in Miami.

Lein died on March 1, 2018 in Beachwood, Ohio at the age of 86.
Jesús López Cobos

**Jesús López Cobos** (25 February 1940 – 2 March 2018) was a Spanish conductor. He was born in Toro, Zamora.

From 1981 to 1990 he was general music director of the Deutsche Oper Berlin and from 1984 to 1988 he was music director of the Orquesta Nacional de España. From 1986 to 2001 he served as music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, and from 1990 to 2000 he was principal conductor of the Orchestre de Chambre de Lausanne. From 2003 to 2010 he served as music director of the Teatro Real in Madrid.

López Cobos died in Berlin, Germany of neuroendocrine cancer on 2 March 2018 at the age of 78.
Brandon Jenkins

**Brandon Dean Jenkins** (June 7, 1969 – March 2, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was part of the Red Dirt music genre. He was known for his musical tributes to the victims of the September 11 attacks.

Jenkins performed in the Texas and Oklahoma regions. He often played 150 shows per year and worked with Sunny Sweeney, Zane Williams, Cory Morrow, Deana Carter, Pat Green, Willie Nelson, The Mavericks and Kevin Welch.

Jenkins died of complications from heart surgery in Nashville, Tennessee on March 2, 2018 at the age of 48.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Brandon Jenkins
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Brandon Dean Jenkins
- **birth place**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **genre**: Red Dirt (music), Red Dirt
Texas Country
- **years active**: 1994–2016
- **label**: Rainy Records
Red Dirt Legend Recordings
Remorseless Records
Explosive Records
Thirty Tigers
Smith Entertainment
E1 Music
- **associated acts**: Cross Canadian Ragweed
Jason Boland & The Stragglers
Stoney LaRue
Casey Donahew, Casey Donahew Band
Josh Abbott Band
William Desmond Taylor

**William Desmond Taylor** (born **William Cunningham Deane-Tanner**; 26 April 1872 – 1 February 1922) was an Irish director and actor. He was a popular person in the growing Hollywood motion picture business of the 1910s and early 1920s. He directed 59 silent movies between 1914 and 1922 and acted in 27 between 1913 and 1915.

Taylor was shot and killed by an unknown suspect on 1 February 1922 at his Los Angeles home. The murder remains an official cold case (unsolved).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William Desmond Taylor
- **image**: Williamdesmondtaylor.jpg
- **birth name**: William Cunningham Deane-Tanner
- **birth place**: County Carlow, Ireland
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Homicide
- **resting place**: Hollywood Forever Cemetery
- **nationality**: Irish
- **other names**: William D. Taylor
William Taylor
- **occupation**: Director, actor
- **years active**: 1913–1922
- **children**: 1
- **relatives**: Denis Gage Deane-Tanner (brother)
Mabel Normand

**Mabel Normand** (November 9, 1892  – February 23, 1930) was an American silent movie actress, screenwriter, director, producer, and comedian. She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in his Keystone Studios. She appeared in 12 successful movies with Charlie Chaplin and 17 with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mabel Normand
- **image**: Mabelnormandportrait.jpg
- **birth place**: Staten Island, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Monrovia, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Tuberculosis
- **resting place**: Calvary Cemetery, Los Angeles
- **nationality**: American
- **other names**: Mabel Normand-Cody, Muriel Fortescue
- **years active**: 1910–1927
Mary Miles Minter

**Mary Miles Minter** (born **Juliet Reilly**; April 25, 1902 – August 4, 1984) was an American actress. She appeared in 54 silent era motion pictures from 1912 to 1923.

In 1922, Minter was involved in scandal surrounding the murder of director William Desmond Taylor, for whom she said she was in love with. Minter's reputation was ruined when her mother became a suspect, and she gave up her movie career in 1923.

Minter died of a stroke on August 4, 1984 in Santa Monica, California at the age of 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mary Miles Minter
- **image**: Mary Miles Minter Stars of the Photoplay.jpg
- **birth name**: Juliet Reilly
- **birth place**: Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **other names**: Juliet Shelby
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1907–1923
- **parents**: Charlotte Shelby
Joseph Homer Reilly
- **relatives**: Margaret Shelby <small>(sister)</small>
Olive Thomas

**Olive Thomas** (October 20, 1894 – September 10, 1920) was an American silent movie actress and model. Her first movie, _Madcap Madge_, was released in June 1917. Thomas' popularity at movie studios grew with performances in _Indiscreet Corrine_ (1917) and _Limousine Life_ (1918). Oliva R. Duffy was born on October 20, 1894, in Charleroi, Pennsylvania, the eldest of three children, with two younger brothers. Olive or Ollie, as she was known to family and friends, did not have much of a childhood. Life in industrial Pittsburgh was depressing and grim with its smoky factories and hard living. Olive accidentally ingested bi-chloride of mercury from a French-labeled bottle in a darkened bathroom, believing it to be another medication. Found unconscious, she died five days later. The death made worldwide headlines. Olive was only 25 when she died. She was immediately rushed to a hospital. Blinded and unable to talk due to burned vocal chords, it was hard for her to communicate with the French police, who were investigating the incident. In any case, the police left satisfied the event was an accident. Thomas died a day later, with her husband and brother-in-law Owen Moore at her side. She was 25 years old. Olive's final film, Everybody's Sweetheart (1920), was released after her death. Her name lives on, steeped in her scandal, enhanced by fabrications in Hollywood Babylon. Many of her films still reportedly exist (about 12 complete and some in fragments), though they have not as of yet been released on DVD or home video. On September 10, 1920, Thomas died of acute nephritis in Paris five days after consuming mercury bichloride. Although her death was ruled accidental. Thomas' death has been called as one of the first heavily publicized Hollywood scandals. Only daughter in a family of three. Her brothers were Michael James (born February 1893) and William L. (born May 1898).

## Other websites

- Literature on Olive Thomas

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Olive Thomas
- **image**: Olive Thomas 4.jpg
- **caption**: Thomas circa 1920
- **birth name**: Olive R.Duffy Thomas
- **birth date**: October 20,1894
- **birth place**: Charleroi,Pennsylvania,USA
- **death date**: September 10,1920 (age:25)
- **other names**: Olive Elain Duffy, Ollie
- **death place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **death cause**: accidental poisoning
- **resting place**: Woodlawn Cemetery,Bronx Woodlawn Cemetery,
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actress,model
- **spouse**: Jack Pickford (October 25,1916 - September 10,1920) ( his death)
Bernard Krug Thomas (April 1,1911 - September 25,1915) ( divorced)
- **parents**: James Duffy (Father)
Alice Elizabeth Thomas (Mother)
John Samuel Frederick Thomas (Stepfather)
- **years active**: 1916–1920
Nephritis

**Nephritis** is inflammation of the kidneys. It may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules.

Nephritis is often caused by infections, and toxins, but is most commonly caused  by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys.

Nephritis can produce glomerular injury, by disturbing the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation. This can lead to reduced glomerular blood flow, leading to reduced urine output (oliguria) and retention of waste products (uremia). As a result, red blood cells may leak out of damaged glomeruli, causing blood to appear in the urine (hematuria).
Charleroi, Pennsylvania

**Charleroi** ( ) is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania. It lays along the Monongahela River. It is 21 miles south of Pittsburgh. Charleroi was settled in 1890 and incorporated in 1891. The 2020 census recorded a population of 4,234.

## Other websites

- Official  **Borough of Charleroi** website
- Official Charleroi Area High School website
Spalding County, Georgia

**Spalding County** is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is just south of Atlanta. The county seat is Griffin. Spalding County has two cities, one town, and many unincorporated areas.
Marc L. Marks

**Marc Lincoln Marks** (February 12, 1927 – February 28, 2018) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. Marks served as a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Pennsylvania's 24th congressional district from 1977 to 1983.

In 1994, Bill Clinton nominated Marks as Commissioner of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission.

Marks was born in Farrell, Pennsylvania. He studied at University of Alabama and at University of Virginia. Marks died on February 28, 2018 in Chevy Chase, Maryland at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- The Spokes-man Review, retrieved 2 March 2011
- The Herald, Sharon P.A. , retrieved 2 March 2011, retrieved 2 March 2011
- Business Publications: Global Network Privacy, retrieved 2 March 2011
2018 Italian general election

The **2018 Italian general election** was held on 4 March 2018. The election was held to elect politicians to the Chamber of Deputies and Senate.

The last election was in 2013. In that election, the social democratic Democratic Party won the most seats.

The populist Five Star Movement won the most votes. Three months after the election, the Five Star Movement formed a coalition with the right-wing Lega Nord. Independent Giuseppe Conte became Prime Minister of Italy on 1 June 2018.

### Major

- Democratic Party (PD): led by Matteo Renzi. The PD is socially liberal and supports social democracy.
- Five Star Movement (M5S): led by Luigi Di Maio. The M5S is populist, anti-establishment, environmentalist and eurosceptic.
- Forza Italia (FI): led by Silvio Berlusconi. This party is liberal conservative and Christian democratic.
- Democrats and Progressives (MDP): led by Roberto Speranza. The MDP is progressive and left-wing.
- Popular Alternative (AP): led by Beatrice Lorenzin. The AP is centrist, liberal conservative and Christian democratic.
- Lega Nord (LN): led by Matteo Salvini. The LN is regionalist, populist, eurosceptic and anti-immigration.
Upper Kohistan District

**Upper Kohistan** is an administrative district within Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan.

In 2014, the government bifurcated Kohistan District into **Upper Kohistan** and **Lower Kohistan**.

## Administrative divisions

Upper Kohistan District is divided into two tehsils:
- Dassu (district capital)
- Kandia

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Upper Kohistan District
- **settlement type**: Districts of Pakistan, District
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Pakistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Headquarters
- **seat**: Dasu
- **leader title**: District Commissioner
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population total**: 784,711
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population note**: combined population with Lower Kohistan District, Lower Kohistan
- **demographics1 title1**: Main languages
- **timezone1**: Time in Pakistan, PST
- **utc offset1**: +5
- **blank name sec1**: District Council
- **blank1 name sec1**: Number of tehsils
- **blank name sec2**: Number of Union councils of Pakistan, Union Councils
- **demographics1 info1**: Pashto language, Pashto
Albert Mkrtchyan

**Albert Mkrtchyan** (, February 27, 1937 – February 28, 2018); Armenian movie director, screenwriter, and actor. He was honored with the People's Artist of the Republic of Armenia (2003). He was born in Gyumri, Soviet Union. His best known works are _The Tango of Our Childhood_, _Tghamardik_ and _The Song of the Old Days_.

Mkrtchyan died on February 28, 2018 in Yerevan, Armenia, one day after his 81st birthday.

## Other websites

- Albert Mkrtchyan at AlloCiné
Lower Kohistan District

**Lower Kohistan** is an administrative district in Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

In 2014, the provincial government split Kohistan District into Upper Kohistan and Lower Kohistan.
Vanessa Goodwin

**Vanessa Goodwin** (22 April 1969 – 3 March 2018) was an Australian politician. She was the Liberal Party member for the seat of Pembroke in the Tasmanian Legislative Council from the Pembroke by-election on 1 August 2009 until her resignation due to health reasons on 2 October 2017.

Goodwin died from brain cancer on 3 March 2018 in Hobart, Tasmania, aged 48.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dr Vanessa Goodwin
- **image**: Vanessa Goodwin.jpg
- **office1**: Member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council for Electoral division of Pembroke, Pembroke
- **predecessor1**: Allison Ritchie
- **successor1**: Jo Siejka
- **term start1**: 1 August 2009
- **term end1**: 2 October 2017
- **birth place**: Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- **death place**: Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia
- **residence**: Howrah, Tasmania
- **alma mater**: University of Tasmania
- **profession**: Lawyer, criminologist
- **website**: http://vanessagoodwin.com.au
Pattan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

**Pattan** is a town in Lower Kohistan District, Pakistan. It is also the capital of the district.
2018 Papua New Guinea earthquake

On 26 February 2018, at 3:44 a.m. local time (25 February, 17:44 UTC), an **earthquake of 7.5 moment magnitude** struck in Hela Province, Papua New Guinea. The earthquake's epicenter was  west of the town of Komo. The intensity of the earthquake was IX (_Violent_) on the Mercalli intensity scale. At least 31 people were killed and a further 300 were injured.

The main shock struck at a depth of 35 km below the northern slopes of Mt. Sisa, and was followed by a 5.5 M<sub>w</sub> aftershock less than 30 minutes later.

A state of emergency was declared on March 1 for the provinces of Hela, Southern Highlands, Enga and Western, together with a promise of 450 million kina (about 136 million US$) to help deal with the aftermath of the quake.

## Other websites

- Main page for this earthquake on ReliefWeb

## Infobox (earthquake)

- **image**: File:PNG2018ShakeMapv4.jpg
- **caption**: USGS shakemap for the event
- **timestamp**: 2018-02-25 17:44:44
- **isc-event**: 611709178
- **anss-url**: us2000d7q6
- **local-date**: 26 February 2018
- **local-time**: 03:44:44
- **magnitude**: 7.5 Moment magnitude scale, M<sub>w</sub>
- **damages**: Building and infrastructure damage, sinkholes, landslides
- **intensity**: Mercalli intensity scale, IX (_Violent_)
- **landslide**: Yes
- **aftershocks**: 6.7 M<sub>w</sub>
6.2 M<sub>w</sub>
6.0 M<sub>w</sub>
6.0 M<sub>w</sub>
6.0 M<sub>w</sub>
- **casualties**: 160 dead (main shock)
11 dead (6.0 aftershock on March 4)
25 dead (6.7 aftershock on March 6)
4 dead (6.3 aftershock on April 7)
- **title**: 2018 Papua New Guinea earthquake
- **type**: Thrust fault
- **countries affected**: Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
Ross

**Ross**  (_Ros_ in Scottish Gaelic) is a region of Scotland and a former earldom and county. The area once belonged to the Norwegian (West Norse) earldom of Orkney.

**Ross-shire** () is a historic county in the Scottish Highlands. The county borders Sutherland, Cromartyshire, Inverness-shire and an exclave of Nairnshire. It includes most of Ross as well as Lewis in the Outer Hebrides.

Dingwall is the traditional county town.
Chakdara

**Chakdara** (Urdu and ) is a town in Lower Dir District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
Ota Filip

**Ota Filip** (9 March 1930 – 2 March 2018) was a Czech novelist and journalist. He has written in both German and Czech.

During the communist era government of Czechoslovakia his works were banned or censored by the authorities, and after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact Armed Forces in 1968, he was sentenced for his dissident activities, and incarcerated between 1969 and 1971.

After he was released from political prison, he moved to Germany in 1974.

## Other websites

- Homepage
- Slovnik ceske literatury
- Medailon na Portálu české literatury
- Ota Filip a poznámky k jeho takzvaným ostravským románům

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Ota Filip
- **image**: Filip.black.white.jpeg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Ota Filip, photo by Ota Filip, 1997
- **birth place**: Ostrava, Czech Republic
- **death place**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- **occupation**: Novelist, Journalist, Essayist, Translator
- **nationality**: German
- **genre**: fiction,  non-fiction, satire, essay, literature, political commentary, social commentary, literary criticism
- **children**: Pavel Filip, Hana Filip, Filip, Hana
Asif Ali Zardari

**Asif Ali Zardari** (; ) is a Pakistani politician who is the 11th and current President of Pakistan since 2024, and previously from 2008 to 2013 and the former co-chairperson of Pakistan Peoples Party.
He became famous after he married Benazir Bhutto in 1987, daughter of the former prime minister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. His wife became prime minister in 1988. He returned from self-exile from Dubai when his wife was assassinated in 2007. As new co-chairperson he became president after his party won the 2008 general elections. He passed the 18th amendment to constitutionally reduce his powers and allied with the U.S. in the war in Afghanistan.

## Early life

Zardari was born on 26 July 1955 in Karachi, Sindh.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office1**: President of Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians, PPP-P
- **term start1**: 27 December 2015
- **predecessor1**: Ameen Faheem
- **office2**: Chairperson, Co-Chairperson of the Pakistan People's Party, PPP
- **alongside2**: Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
- **term start2**: 30 December 2007
- **term end2**: 27 December 2015
- **predecessor2**: _Position established_
- **office3**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of Pakistan
- **term start3**: 19 October 1993
- **term end3**: 5 November 1996
- **term start4**: 2 December 1988
- **term end4**: 6 August 1990
- **office5**: National Assembly of Pakistan, Member of National Assembly of Pakistan
- **term start5**: 29 February 2024
- **term start6**: 13 August 2018
- **term end6**: 10 August 2023


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Asif Ali Zardari
- **image**: Asif Ali Zardari - 2024 (cropped 2).jpg
- **caption**: Zardari in 2009
- **office**: 11th and 14th President of Pakistan
- **primeminister**: Shehbaz Sharif
- **term start**: 10 March 2024
- **predecessor**: Arif Alvi
- **primeminister1**: Yousaf Raza Gillani
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (Caretaker)
Nawaz Sharif
- **term start1**: 9 September 2008
- **term end1**: 9 September 2013
- **predecessor1**: Muhammad Mian Soomro, Muhammad Soomro (acting)
- **successor1**: Mamnoon Hussain
- **birth place**: Karachi, Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan), Federal Capital Territory, Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan (now Sindh, Pakistan)
- **party**: Pakistan People's Party
- **children**: Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Bilawal Zardari
Bakhtawar Bhutto Zardari, Bakhtawar Zardari
Aseefa Zardari
- **parents**: Bilquis Sultana
Hakim Ali Zardari
- **relatives**: See Zardari family
- **nationality**: Pakistani
- **native name lang**: ur
Li Boguang

**Li Boguang** (; October 1968 – 26 February 2018) was a Chinese legal scholar and human rights activist. He was the director of the Quimin Research Institute in Beijing. Li supported farmers seeking compensation for confiscated farmland. He was arrested in 2004 following his involvement in the Tangshan protest.

Li died on 26 February 2018 of liver cancer on 26 February 2018 at the age of 49. His death has raised questions as to whether the Chinese government was responsible for his death. His death has been compared to Liu Xiaobo.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Li Boguang
- **image**: Li Boguang 2006 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Li Boguang in May 2006
- **native name**: 李柏光
- **native name lang**: zh
- **birth date**: October 1968
- **death date**: 26 February 2018 (aged 49)
- **death place**: Beijing, China
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **occupation**: Lawyer, human rights activist
- **years active**: 1997-2018
- **known for**: Tangshan protest
- **awards**: National Endowment for Democracy – Democracy Award 2008
- **alma mater**: Peking University


## Infobox (chinese)

- **c**: 李柏光
- **p**: Lǐ Bóguāng
- **w**: Lǐh Pǎikwāng
Coraopolis, Pennsylvania

**Coraopolis**  is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,559 at the 2020 census.

It is a small community located to the west of Pittsburgh, along the Ohio River and to the east of the Pittsburgh International Airport. The American Bridge Company is headquartered in Coraopolis.

## Other websites

- Borough website
Flag of Maldives

The **flag of Maldives** was created in July 1965.

## Appearance

It has a green rectangle centered on a red field; charged with a white crescent facing the fly-side.
Flag of Cambodia

The national **flag of Cambodia** (Khmer:  _Tung-Cheat_, "National flag") was created in 1993.

## Appearance

It has three horizontal bands of blue, red (double width) and blue, with a depiction of Angkor Wat in white centered on the red band.
Flag of Myanmar

The current **flag of Myanmar** (also known as **Burma**) was adopted on 21 October 2010 to replace the former flag in use since 1974.

## Appearance

It has a horizontal bands of yellow, green and red; charged with a large white five-pointed star at the centre.
Flag of East Timor

The **flag of East Timor** () was created in 2002.

## Appearance

It has a red field with the black isosceles triangle based on the hoist-side bearing a white five-pointed star in the center superimposed on the larger yellow triangle, also based on the hoist-side, that extends to the center of the flag.
Flag of Papua New Guinea

The **flag of Papua New Guinea** was created in 1971.

## Appearance

It has divided diagonally from the upper hoist-side corner to the lower fly-side corner: the upper triangle is red with the soaring raggiana bird-of-paradise and the lower triangle is black with the Southern Cross of four white larger five-pointed stars and the smaller star.
Flag of Tonga

The **flag of Tonga** was created in 1875.

## Appearance

It has a red field with the white rectangle on the upper hoist-side corner bearing the red Cross in the center.
Glenn Greenwald

**Glenn Edward Greenwald** (born March 6, 1967) is an American journalist and author, best known for his role in a series of reports published by _The Guardian_ newspaper. The first of these reports were published in June 2013. The reports were about the United States and British global surveillance programs. They were based on classified documents disclosed by Edward Snowden. Greenwald and the team he worked with won both a George Polk Award and a Pulitzer Prize for these reports.  Greenwald has written several best-selling books, including, _No Place to Hide_.

Greenwald's work on the Snowden story was featured in the documentary, _Citizenfour_, which won the 2014 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Greenwald appeared on-stage with director Laura Poitras and Snowden's girlfriend, Lindsey Mills, when the Oscar was given. In the 2016 Oliver Stone feature film _Snowden_, Greenwald was played by actor Zachary Quinto.

Before the Snowden file disclosures, Greenwald was widely considered one of the most influential opinion columnists in the United States. After working as a constitutional attorney for ten years, he began blogging on national security issues before becoming a _Salon_ contributor in 2007 and then moving to _The Guardian_ in 2012. He currently writes for and co-edits _The Intercept_, which he founded in 2013 with Laura Poitras and Jeremy Scahill.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Glenn Greenwald
- **image**: Glenn Greenwald 2014-01-20 001.jpg
- **caption**: Greenwald in 2014
- **birth name**: Glenn Edward Greenwald
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **genre**: Non-fiction, political and legal commentary
- **subjects**: Politics of the United States, U.S. politics, law
- **spouse**: David Michael Miranda
Jean-Guy Hamelin

**Jean-Guy Hamelin** (October 8, 1925 – March 1, 2018) was a Canadian Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Saint-Sévérin-de-Proulxville, Quebec.

Hamelin was ordained to the priesthood on June 11, 1949 in Trois-Rivières, Québec and was named first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rouyn-Noranda, Canada on November 29, 1973. He retired on November 30, 2001, succeeded by Dorylas Moreau and named Bishop Emeritus.

Hamelin died on March 1, 2018, aged 92 in Rouyn-Noranda.
Joseph Bagobiri

**Joseph Danlami Bagobiri** (8 November 1957 – 27 February 2018) was a Nigerian Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1983, Bagobiri served as bishop of Kafanchan from 1995 until his death in 2018.

Bagobiri died on 27 February 2018 at the age of 61.
Luckau

**Luckau** (Lower Sorbian: _Łuków_) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **wappen**: Wappen_Luckau.png
- **lageplan**: Luckau in LDS.png
- **bundesland**: Brandenburg
- **landkreis**: Dahme-Spreewald
- **höhe**: 65
- **fläche**: 206.38
- **einwohner**: 10477
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 15926
- **vorwahl**: 03544
- **kfz**: LDS
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 12 0 61 320
- **bürgermeister**: Gerald Lehmann
- **partei**: independent
Mittenwalde

**Mittenwalde** is a town in Brandenburg, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **wappen**: DEU Mittenwalde COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flag red white green 5x3.svg
- **lageplan**: Mittenwalde in LDS.png
- **bundesland**: Brandenburg
- **landkreis**: Dahme-Spreewald
- **höhe**: 37
- **fläche**: 98.48
- **einwohner**: 8684
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 15749
- **vorwahl**: 033764
- **kfz**: LDS
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 12 0 61 332
- **gliederung**: 6 Ortsteile
- **bürgermeister**: Uwe Pfeiffer
- **partei**: CDU
Hubbard, Ohio

**Hubbard** is a city in the U.S state of Ohio.
Streetsboro, Ohio

**Streetsboro** is a city in Ohio in the United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Streetsboro, Ohio
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Saint Joan of Arc Catholic Church Streetsboro Ohio.jpg
- **image caption**: Saint Joan of Arc Church on Ohio State Route 14, Route 14 was built in 1987
- **motto**: Gateway to Progress
- **map caption1**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name2**: Portage County, Ohio, Portage
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1822
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1968
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total km2**: 63.02
- **area total sq mi**: 24.33
- **area land km2**: 60.75
- **area land sq mi**: 23.46
- **area water km2**: 2.27
- **area water sq mi**: 0.88
- **elevation ft**: 1129
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population total**: 17260
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 284.12
- **population density sq mi**: 735.85
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 44241
- **area code**: Area code 330, 330, Area code 234, 234
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-75014
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1086840
Billy Herrington

**Billy Herrington** (July 14, 1969 – March 3, 2018) was an American pornographic movie actor and bodybuilder. He was born in North Babylon, New York. Herrington was  best known for his work in gay pornography. He was bisexual. He was known for his role in _HotMen CoolBoyz_ (2000). Occasionally, Herrington performed striptease acts at gay clubs in the United States.

On March 3, 2018, Herrington was killed in a car accident in California at the age of 48.

## Infobox (adult biography)

- **name**: Billy Herrington
- **image**: Billy Herrington.jpg
- **caption**: Herrington in Tokyo in 2011
- **birth name**: William Glen Harold Herrington
- **birth place**: North Babylon, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Palm Springs, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Traffic collision
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City), Forest Lawn Cemetery
Cathedral City, California
- **years active**: 1990–2008
- **children**: 1
North Babylon, New York

**North Babylon** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in Suffolk County, on the south shore of  Long Island, in New York, United States.  The population was 17,927 at the 2020 census.  It is a suburban middle class community located within the Town of Babylon.
Newport, Oregon

**Newport** is a city in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. It was made a city in 1882, though the name dates back to the establishment of a post office in 1868. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 10,256.
Kenneth Gärdestad

**John Charles Kenneth Gärdestad** (9 May 1948 – 3 March 2018) was a Swedish lyricist. He was known for writing lyrics for the songs of his brother, Ted Gärdestad. He was head architect at Kunskapsskolan. He designed several of their schools in Sweden and abroad.

Gärdestad won Melodifestivalen 1979 as a songwriter for the song "Satellit" performed by his brother the singer. He was born in Sollentuna, Sweden.

Gärdestad died on 3 March 2018, in Stockholm of pneumonia caused by influenza while suffering from skin cancer and lymphoma at the age of 69.
Tommy DeVito (musician)

**Tommy DeVito** (June 19, 1928 – September 21, 2020) was an American musician. He was best known as a founding member, singer, and lead guitarist of the rock band The Four Seasons.

DeVito died on September 21, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada from COVID-19 at the age of 92.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tommy DeVito
- **image**: Tommy DeVito (musician) (1966) (cropped).png
- **caption**: DeVito in 1966
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Belleville, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death place**: Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Pop music, pop
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **associated acts**: The Four Seasons (band), The Four Seasons
The Four Seasons (band)

**The Four Seasons** is an American rock and pop band that became internationally successful in the 1960s and 1970s.

Since 1970, they have also been known at times as **Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons**. In 1960, the band known as the Four Lovers evolved into the Four Seasons, with Frankie Valli as the lead singer, songwriter Bob Gaudio (formerly of the Royal Teens) on keyboards and tenor vocals, Tommy DeVito on lead guitar and baritone vocals, and Nick Massi on electric bass and bass vocals.

The Four Seasons were one of only two American bands (the other being the Beach Boys) to enjoy major chart success before, during, and after the British Invasion.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Four Seasons
- **image**: Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons.jpg
- **caption**: Valli and the Four Seasons at
London's Royal Albert Hall in June 2012
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: The Four Lovers (1956-1960), The Wonder Who? (1965-1967)
- **origin**: Newark, New Jersey, United States
- **years active**: 1960–present
- **label**: Gone Records, Gone, Vee-Jay Records, Vee-Jay, Philips Records, Philips, Motown Records, Mowest, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., MCA Records, MCA, Curb Records, Curb
- **associated acts**: The Variatones, The Royal Teens
- **current members**: Frankie Valli
Todd Fournier
Brian Brigham
Brandon Brigham
Landon Beard
Gary Melvin
Steve Warren
Robbie Robinson
Matt Baldoni
Craig Pilo
Richie Gajate-Garcia
- **past members**: Tommy DeVito (musician), Tommy DeVito
Bob Gaudio
Nick Massi (né Macioci)
Charles Calello
Joe Long (né LaBracio)
Bob Grimm
Demetri Callas
Bill DeLoach
Clay Jordan
Ronnie Carangelo
Gerry Polci
Don Ciccone
Lee Shapiro
John Paiva
Jerry Corbetta
Larry Lingle
Lynn Hammann
Chuck Wilson
Rex Robinson
Warren Ham
Robin Swensen
Howard Larrabee
Tim Stone
Tom Alvarado
Fino Roverato
Rich Callaci
 Daniel Donelly
Arabinda Muduli

**Arabinda Muduli** (1 September 1961 – 1 March 2018) was an Indian Odia musician and singer-songwriter. Muduli was born in Khanati, Khordha District, Odisha, India. He was the student of Bhikari Bal.
He sang just bhajans and turned down offers to sing commercial movie songs.

Muduli died of cardiac arrest in Bhubaneswar, Odisha on 1 March 2018 at the age of 56.

Muduli was awarded the "Swar Srikshetra", at the lion gate of Jagannath temple, by the Governor of Odisha in 2014. He was also honored with a Certificate of appreciation, Mumbai Odia Mahasangh in 2013.
Tônia Carrero

**Maria Antonieta de Farias Portocarrero** (August 23, 1922 – March 3, 2018), known professionally as **Tônia Carrero**, was a Brazilian actress. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. She was known for her movie role in _Tico-Tico no Fubá_ and for her television roles in _Água Viva_ and in _Louco Amor_.

She was awarded with Prêmio Saci.

Carrero died in Rio de Janeiro on March 3, 2018 of post-surgery cardiac arrest at the age of 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tônia Carrero
- **birth name**: Maria Antonieta de Farias Portocarrero
- **image**: Tônia Carrero.jpg
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **death place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
Wolfhart Westendorf

**Wolfhart Westendorf** (18 September 1924 – 23 February 2018) was a Polish-born German Egyptologist. Westendorf was born in Świebodzin, Poland. He was a co-author of the _Grundriss der Medizin der alten Ägypter_, the most well published study of the subject of ancient Egyptian medicine done in any language. He had also published many other books on Egyptology and the ancient Egyptian language.

Westendorf died in Berlin on 23 February 2018 at the age of 93.
Flag of England

The **flag of England** is a red cross, called the Saint George's Cross, on a white background.
Flag of Kiribati

The **flag of Kiribati** was created in July 1979.

## Appearance

It has a horizontal bands of red and blue with the gold frigatebird (_Fregata minor_, in Gilbertese: _te eitei_) flying over a gold rising sun (_otintaai_), with seventeen rays centered on the upper half and three white wavy horizontal stripes on the lower half.
Flag of Fiji

The **Flag of Fiji** was created on October 1970. The history of Fiij dates back to ancient times. There are many theories of how the Fijian race came into existence. Around 1500 BC, Fiji was settled by Melaneasion sea farers. According to native oral legends Fijians were also descendants of a nomadic tribe from Tanzania.

## Appearance

It has a light Blue Ensign with the coat of arms centered on the outer half of the light blue field.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Fiji
- **image**: Flag of Fiji.svg
- **use**: 111000
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **adoption**: 10 October 1970
- **design**: A Blue Ensign, Light Blue Ensign with the Coat of arms of Fiji, Fijian shield-of-arms taken from the National Coat of Arms centred on the outer half of the flag.
- **designer**: Tessa Mackenzie
- **image2**: Flag of Fiji (1924–1970).svg
- **use2**: historical
- **proportion2**: 1:2
- **adoption2**: 1924
- **design2**: A Blue Ensign with the Coat of arms of Fiji, National Coat of Arms centred on the outer half of the flag.
- **image3**: Flag of Fiji (1908–1924).svg
- **use3**: historical
- **proportion3**: 1:2
- **adoption3**: 1908
- **design3**: A Blue Ensign with the white badge centred on the outer half of the flag bearing the Coat of arms of Fiji, National Coat of Arms.
- **image4**: Flag of Fiji (1903–1908).svg
- **use4**: historical
- **proportion4**: 1:2
- **adoption4**: 1883
- **design4**: A Blue Ensign with a white disc centred on the outer half of the flag featuring a crown surmounted by a crowned lion with the word "FIJI" beneath it.
- **image5**: Flag of Fiji (1877–1883).svg
- **use5**: historical
- **proportion5**: 1:2
- **adoption5**: 1877
- **design5**: A Blue Ensign with a white disc centred on the outer half of the flag containing a badge of foliage and crossed war-clubs with a superimposed shield bearing a mermaid looking at herself in a hand mirror.
- **image6**: Flag of the Kingdom of Fiji (1871-1874).svg
- **use6**: Historical
- **proportion6**: 2:3
- **adoption6**: 1871
- **design6**: A vertical bicolour of light blue and white with the white dove holding an olive branch on the red shield surmounted by the  crown.
Flag of Palau

The **flag of Palau** was created in 1981.

## Appearance

It is a light blue field, it is the large yellow disk shifted slightly to the hoist-side of center.
Michel Camdessus

**Michel Camdessus** (born 1 May 1933) is a French economist and administrator. He was Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 16 January 1987 to 14 February 2000.

Camdessus is also a member of the Fondation Chirac's board of directors, ever since the foundation was launched in 2008 by former French president Jacques Chirac.

## Other websites

- Biographical Information (IMF)
- Biography on Africa Progress panel website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michel Camdessus
- **image**: Michel Camdessus-IMG 3655.jpg
- **caption**: Camdessus at the 6th World Water Forum in 2012
- **office**: International Monetary Fund, 7th Managing Director of the IMF
- **term start**: 16 January 1987
- **term end**: 14 February 2000
- **predecessor**: Jacques de Larosière
- **successor**: Horst Köhler
- **office2**: Governor of the Banque de France
- **term start2**: 1984
- **term end2**: 1987
- **predecessor2**: Renaud de La Genière
- **successor2**: Jacques de Larosière
- **birth place**: Bayonne, France
- **alma mater**: University of Paris
- **profession**: Economist
Jacques de Larosière

**Jacques de Larosière de Champfeu** (born 12 November 1929 in Paris) is a French central banker.

Larosière was Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 17 June  1978 to 15 January 1987, and Governor of the Banque de France from 1987 to 1993.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jacques de Larosière
- **office**: Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, IMF
- **term start**: 17 June 1978
- **term end**: 15 January 1987
- **predecessor**: Johan Witteveen
- **successor**: Michel Camdessus
- **office1**: Governor of the Banque de France
- **term start1**: 1987
- **term end1**: 1993
- **predecessor1**: Michel Camdessus
- **successor1**: Jean-Claude Trichet
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **alma mater**: Sciences Po, École nationale d'administration, ÉNA
- **profession**: Civil servant
Rodrigo Rato

**Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo** (born 18 March 1949) is a Spanish politician. He served as Minister of the Economy of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is a member of the conservative People's Party (PP). He was also First Deputy Prime Minister from 2003 to 2004. He became Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and served from 2004 to 2007.

Rato was arrested on 16 April 2015 for alleged fraud, embezzlement and money laundering. His name appeared in the Panama Papers. On 23 February 2017, Rato was found guilty of embezzlement and sentenced to 4 ½ years' imprisonment.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rodrigo Rato
- **image**: Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo.jpg
- **office**: Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
- **term start**: 7 June 2004
- **term end**: 1 November 2007
- **predecessor**: Horst Köhler
- **successor**: Dominique Strauss-Kahn
- **office2**: First Vice President of the Government (Spain), First Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
- **term start2**: 3 September 2003
- **term end2**: 17 April 2004
- **primeminister2**: José María Aznar
- **predecessor2**: Mariano Rajoy
- **successor2**: María Teresa Fernández de la Vega
- **office3**: Second Vice President (Spain), Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
- **term start3**: 6 May 1996
- **term end3**: 4 September 2003
- **primeminister3**: José María Aznar
- **predecessor3**: Juan Antonio García Díez
- **successor3**: Javier Arenas (Spanish politician), Javier Arenas
- **office4**: Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain), Minister of Economy and Competitiveness
- **term start4**: 27 April 2000
- **term end4**: 17 April 2004
- **primeminister4**: José María Aznar
- **predecessor4**: Position established
- **successor4**: Pedro Solbes
- **office5**: Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spain), Minister of Economy and Finance
- **term start5**: 5 May 1996
- **term end5**: 27 April 2000
- **primeminister5**: José María Aznar
- **predecessor5**: Pedro Solbes
- **successor5**: Cristóbal Montoro <small>(Finance)</small>
- **birth name**: Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo
- **birth place**: Madrid, Francoist Spain, Spain
- **party**: People's Party (Spain), People's Party (temporarily resigned membership)
- **spouse**: Gela Alarcó
- **children**: 3
- **parents**: Ramón Rato
Aurora Figaredo
- **alma mater**: Complutense University of Madrid
University of California, Berkeley
Pierre-Paul Schweitzer

**Pierre-Paul Schweitzer** (29 May 1912 – 2 January 1994) was a French lawyer. He was the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s fourth managing director and chairman of the executive board, serving from 1963 to 1973.

Schweitzer was commissioned as a lieutenant in the French Army after the outbreak of World War II. When France fell in 1940, he joined the French Resistance.

Schweitzer died on 2 January 1994 in Geneva, Switzerland at the age of 81.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pierre-Paul Schweitzer
- **office**: International Monetary Fund, 4th Managing Director of the IMF
- **term start**: 1 September 1963
- **term end**: 31 August 1973
- **predecessor**: Per Jacobsson
- **successor**: Johan Witteveen
- **birth place**: Straßburg, Elsaß-Lothringen, German Empire
- **death place**: Geneva, Switzerland
- **alma mater**: University of Paris, Sciences Po
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **children**: Louis Schweitzer (businessman), Louis Schweitzer
Per Jacobsson

**Per Jacobsson** (5 February 1894 – 5 May 1963) was a Swedish economist. He was managing director of the International Monetary Fund from 21 November 1956 until his death in 1963.

Jacobsson's daughter Moyra, an artist, married Roger Bannister, the British Olympic athlete and medical doctor who was the first person to run the four-minute mile.

## Other websites

- Biography – Per Jacobsson Foundation

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Per Jacobsson
- **image**: Per Jacobsson Anefo.jpg
- **caption**: Per Jacobbson on 22 November 1962
- **office**: International Monetary Fund, 3rd Managing Director of the IMF
- **term start**: 21 November 1956
- **term end**: 5 May 1963
- **predecessor**: Ivar Rooth
- **successor**: Pierre-Paul Schweitzer
- **birth place**: Tanum Municipality, Tanum, Bohuslän, Sweden
- **death place**: London, United Kingdom
- **resting place**: Brookwood Cemetery
- **alma mater**: Uppsala University
- **profession**: Economist
Ivar Rooth

**Ivar Rooth** (2 November 1888 – 27 February 1972) was a Swedish lawyer and economist. He served as Governor of the Swedish National Bank from 1929 to 1948 and as the second Managing Director and Chairman of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1951 to 1956. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Bank of International Settlements.

Rooth died in Sweden on 27 February 1972 at the age of 83.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ivar Rooth
- **office**: International Monetary Fund, 2nd Managing Director of the IMF
- **term start**: 3 August 1951
- **term end**: 3 October 1956
- **predecessor**: Camille Gutt
- **successor**: Per Jacobsson
- **office2**: Governor of the Swedish National Bank
- **term start2**: 1929
- **term end2**: 1948
- **predecessor2**: Victor Moll
- **successor2**: Klas Böök
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **death place**: Lidingö, Sweden
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **alma mater**: Uppsala University
- **profession**: Lawyer, economist
Camille Gutt

**Camille Gutt** (born **Camille Guttenstein**; 14 November 1884 – 7 June 1971) was a Belgian economist, politician, and industrialist. He served as the first Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 6 May 1946 to 5 May 1951. Gutt was responsible for saving the Belgian franc before and after World War II.

## Honours

- : Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.
- : Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Orange-Nassau.
- :  Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Oak Crown.
- : Knight Grand Cross in the  Order of Merit.
- :  Grand Officer in the Legion of Honour.

## Other websites

- IMF Archives
- United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference Final Act (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire July 1 to July 22, 1944)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Camille Gutt
- **image**: Camille Gutt.jpg
- **caption**: Camille Gutt at the Bretton Woods Conference, 1944.
- **office**: International Monetary Fund, 1st Managing Director of the IMF
- **term start**: 6 May 1946
- **term end**: 5 May 1951
- **predecessor**: _inaugural_
- **successor**: Ivar Rooth
- **birth place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **death place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **birthname**: Camille Guttenstein
- **alma mater**: Université Libre de Bruxelles
- **profession**: Lawyer, economist
H. Wayne Norman Jr.

**H. Wayne Norman Jr.** (November 3, 1955 – , 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a member of the Maryland Senate, representing District 35 in Harford and Cecil counties serving from 2014 until his death in 2018. Norman was appointed to the Maryland House of Delegates in 2008 until 2014.

Norman died in Annapolis, Maryland between March 2 and March 4, 2018 of a suspected heart attack at the age of 62.
Westmount, Quebec

**Westmount** is a suburb on the Island of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is an enclave of the city of Montreal, with a population of 19,658 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

Westmount was home of the Montreal Arena, the third arena in history to be built specifically for hockey.

The 2021 census found that 48.7% of residents spoke English, and 20.0% spoke French, as their first language.
Donald Knuth

**Donald Knuth**, born January 10, 1938 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin is an American computer scientist who wrote a set of 5 books (6th in progress) called _The Art of Computer Programming_.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Donald Knuth
- **image**: KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **field**: Computing