juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sweatshop

A **sweatshop**  : is a place where people work, that is very crowded, where the work is very hard and the place is not safe to work in. Many sweatshops are in poor countries but sweatshops are also found in rich countries, where they often have people who are new to the country working in them, or people who are not legal residents. The amount of money people are paid in sweatshops is lower than the amount paid to workers in a richer country, but is often higher than the worker would earn in their old jobs on farms, or working in manual labour.  Children may also work in sweatshops. People in sweatshops often make clothes and shoes. Awareness wristbands for charities have also been made by sweatshops.

## Related terms

- Assembly line
- Body Shops
- Child labour
- Contingent work
- Corporate abuse
- Economic development
- Emerging markets
- Exploitation
- Export processing zone
- Game sweatshop
- Globalization
- Maquiladora
- Precarity
- Race to the bottom
- SA8000 — Social Accountability Certification Scheme for Manufacturing Industry
- Slavery
- Sweating system
- Trafficking in human beings
- Union Organizer

## Organizations working on the problem of sweatshops

- Clean Clothes Campaign
- International Labor Rights Fund
- International Labour Organization
- National Labor Committee
- Co-op America
- Students & Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
- United Students Against Sweatshops
- Woo Harry
- Free the Children

### Activism

- SweatFree Communities– Local Action Against Sweatshops
- United Students Against Sweatshops
- National Labor Committee
- Story about Adidas sweatshops

### Shopping

- Responsible Shopper Company Profiles
- "Shop with a Conscience" Consumer Guide

### More reading

- Discussion about the pros and cons of sweatshops (video)
- Fair Labor Standards Act
- National Bureau for Economic Research paper: The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries
- Matt Zwolinski on the definition, history, and morality of sweatshops
- Academic Paper: "Sweatshops, Choice, and Exploitation"
- Two Cheers for Sweatshops - _New York Times_, by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn
- The Campus Sweatshop Movement - American Prospect
- "Foreign owned businesses in Vietnam aren't sweatshops"
- Triangle Fire: Photographs from the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
- Immaculata High School Child Slave Labor News
- Article on worker takeover of sweatshop in El Salvador
- Economist John Miller on sweatshops  in _Dollars & Sense_
- Paradise Lost: sweatshop labor on the U.S. island of Saipan  - _Ms. magazine_
- Rackets, muggings hit social networking sites: Online currency opens channels for money laundering - _ComputerWorld_
- Fashion Victims  - _War on Want_
Pirelli calendar

The **Pirelli Calendar** is a calendar (publication showing dates for the year) published by Pirelli company's UK subsidiary.

It started in 1964 and is now very famous because only a few calendars are published each year, and these are given to important people (VIPs) and Pirelli customers.  The calendars have photographs of female models including nudes.

After 1974 publication of the calendar was stopped because there was not enough money after the oil crisis.  Ten years later it was started again and has been published regularly ever since.  Many famous models have been photographed for the calendar including: Sienna Miller, Naomi Campbell, Gisele Bündchen, Sonny Freeman Drane, Kate Moss, Cindy Crawford, Selma Blair, Lauren Bush, Elsa Benitez, Laetitia Casta, Rachael Leigh Cook, Milla Jovovich, Doutzen Kroes, Heidi Klum, Sophia Loren, Penélope Cruz, Brittany Murphy,  Amy Smart, Julia Stiles, Karolina Kurkova, Caroline Trentini, Raica Oliveira, Adriana Lima, Alessandra Ambrosio, Bridget Moynahan, Shannyn Sossamon, Mena Suvari, Monet Mazur, Aurelie Claudel, Fernanda Tavares, Isabeli Fontana, Frankie Rayder, Angela Lindvall, Hilary Swank and Yamila Díaz.

## Other websites

- Official Pirelli Calendar Site with Image Archives
Make Poverty History

**Make Poverty History** is a British and Irish campaign that wants to stop people from being poor and to help richer people learn about the poor people of the World. The symbol of the campaign is a white "awareness wristband" made of cotton or silicone with the words written in dark black and the word 'poverty' written in light black (_e.g.:_ **'MAKE**POVERTY**HISTORY**').

## Other websites

- Make Poverty History (UK)
- **MAKE**POVERTY**HISTORY**(Republic of Ireland)
- BBC News - About Make Poverty History
Saint James's Palace

**Saint James's Palace** is a royal palace in the City of Westminster, in London. It is between Pall Mall and The Mall, two streets in Central London, and opposite St James's Park. It is a working royal palace, and it is not open to the public. It was the most important home of the British royal family until Queen Victoria moved to Buckingham Palace in 1837.

Henry VIII built the palace in the early 1530s. Charles I spent his last night here before his execution in 1649.
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn

**Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn** was the fourth son of George III of the United Kingdom.

Edward Augustus married in 1818 Princess Victoria Duchess of Kent. He had one daughter, who was later Queen Victoria. He died when his daughter was six months old in 1819.

## Ancestors

|rowspan="8" align="center"|**Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn**|rowspan="4" align="center"|**Father:** George III of the United Kingdom|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Paternal Grandfather:** Frederick, Prince of Wales|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandfather:** George II of Great Britain|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandmother:** Caroline of Ansbach|||||||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Paternal Grandmother:** Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandfather:** Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|||||
|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandmother:** Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst|||||||
|rowspan="4" align="center"|**Mother:** Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Maternal Grandfather:** . Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandfather:** Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|||
|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandmother:** Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen|||||||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Maternal Grandmother:** Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandfather:** Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|||||
|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandmother:** Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach|||||||

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **allegiance**:

- **branch**:
(active service)
- **serviceyears**: 1786–1805
(active service)
- **rank**: Field marshal (United Kingdom), Field Marshal
(active service)
- **unit**: Royal Fusiliers, 7th Regiment of Foot (Royal Fusiliers)
- **commands**: * Commander-in-Chief, North America
* Governor of Gibraltar
- **battles**: * French Revolutionary Wars
* Coalition Wars
* War of the First Coalition
**Battle of Martinique (1794), Battle of Martinique
**Invasion of Guadeloupe (1794), Battle of Guadaloupe
- **awards**: Mentioned in dispatches


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Prince Edward
- **title**: Duke of Kent and Strathearn
- **image**: Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn by Sir William Beechey.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait by William Beechey, Sir William Beechey, 1818 (originally owned by Madame de Saint-Laurent, Mme de Saint-Laurent)
- **full name**: Edward Augustus
- **issue**: Queen Victoria
- **house**: House of Hanover, Hanover
- **father**: George III of the United Kingdom
- **mother**: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- **birth place**: Buckingham Palace, Buckingham House, London, England
- **death place**: Woolbrook Cottage, Sidmouth, England
- **burial date**: 12 February 1820
- **burial place**: St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Parlophone Records

**Parlophone Records** is a German-British major record label, which began in Germany in 1896. It is best known as one of the record labels who put out music by The Beatles in the 1960s. Parlophone's L-shaped logo began as the logo of the German Lindstrom label, which became part of Parlophone.

The company became part of EMI in 1931, and was known at the time especially for jazz and comedy records. They also issued records of "regional music", including works by Scottish and Latin recording artists. George Martin, staff producer, sometimes travelled to Scotland to record popular artists there.

The Beatles were signed to Parlophone in 1962, and released most of their albums on the label.

Parlophone continues today with artists like Coldplay, Lily Allen, and Radiohead.

In 2012, Universal Music Group bought EMI (the owner of Parlophone), but Universal chose to sell Parlophone to Warner Music Group. However, The Beatles’ catalogue still remains with UMG, through its Calderstone Productions label.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Parlophone Records
- **logo**: Parlophone logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
Fire-stick farming

**Fire-stick farming** is a phrase that Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones used in 1969. It describes the way that Indigenous Australians used fire regularly to burn the land. This made hunting easier by herding the animals into particular areas. It also caused new grass to grow, which attracted more animals. Over many years it changed the types of plants and animals that lived in certain areas.

Fire-stick farming turned scrub into grassland, which increased the number of grass-eating animals like the kangaroo. Scientists say that the changes caused by fire-stick farming caused the extinction of the Australian megafauna.

In the forests, fire-stick farming opened up clear areas and let more plants grow at ground level. This increased the number of animals that could feed on these plants, such as the herbivore marsupials.

## Related pages

- Slash-and-burn

## References

- Jones, R. 1969. Fire-stick Farming. _Australian Natural History_, 16:224
- Miller, G. H. 2005. Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction. _Science_, 309:287-290
Derek and Clive

**Derek and Clive** were a comedy character duo made up by Dudley Moore and Peter Cook.  They can be seen as more offensive version of the earlier characters Pete and Dud.  They used many swear words and worked as lavatory attendants.

## Albums

- _Derek and Clive (Live)_ (1976)
- _Derek and Clive Come Again_ (1977)
- _Derek and Clive Ad Nauseam_ (1978)

## Film

- _Derek and Clive Get the Horn_ (1979)
Peter Cook

**Peter Cook** (17 November 1937 – 9 January 1995) was a English satirist, writer, actor and comedian. He was born in Torquay, Devon and became famous when he appeared in a stage show called _Beyond the Fringe_ in 1960.

He later continued working with another star of _Beyond the Fringe_, Dudley Moore. Two of the things they did together were Not Only... But Also and later Derek and Clive. They also appeared in films like the original Bedazzled.

Cook later helped start the magazine _Private Eye_. He also was involved with comedy performances for Amnesty International.

He died of liver disease in Hampstead, London. He is still regarded as a major influence in British comedy.

## Other websites

- Private Eye
Asterales

The **Asterales** are an order of flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers, daisies, thistles, etc.) and its related families.

## Families

- Alseuosmiaceae
- Argophyllaceae
- Asteraceae - Daisies
- Calyceraceae
- Campanulaceae (incl. Lobeliaceae) - Bellflowers
- Goodeniaceae (incl. Brunoniaceae)
- Menyanthaceae
- Pentaphragmaceae
- Phellinaceae
- Rousseaceae (incl. Carpodetaceae)
- Stylidiaceae (also Donatiaceae)
Asteraceae

The family **Asteraceae** or **Compositae** (the **aster**, **daisy**, or **sunflower** family) is the largest family of flowering plants. It has the most species.

What looks like its flower is really made of  hundreds or thousands of tiny individual flowers. The technical term for it is a pseudanthium ("false flower").

The driving force for the evolution of the Asteraceae was that the composite flowers look attractive to pollinating insects. A large brightly coloured flower attracts insects. The other quality insects like is the scent of the pollen and the sugary nectar in the flowers. The asters are very successful (over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera in the order Asterales). Their success is due to what they offer to visiting insects. It is also due to their ability to grow almost anywhere, but especially on grass.

Heterocarpy, or amphicarpy, the ability of an annual species to produce different fruit morphs, is common in Asteraceae. It allows seeds to be dispersed over varying distances, each type adapted to different environment. This increases the chances of survival.
Australian Defence Force

The **Australian Defence Force** (**ADF**) is the military organisation responsible for the defence of Australia. It is made up of the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Air Force and a number of joint groups.

At first the Australian Government set up three separate armed services. In 1976, the government decided to have a single military headquarters. Over time, the three services have combined headquarters, logistics and training camps.

The ADF is small, but uses a lot of technology. With 53,000 full-time active-duty service people and 20,000 part-time reserve forces, it is the largest military force in Oceania. It is much smaller than most Asian military forces. The ADF does not have enough people in some highly skilled areas, but it is still able to send forces in many regions outside Australia.

## Related pages

- Christmas Island
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands

## Other websites

- Australian Defence Organisation website

## Infobox (national military)

- **country**: Australia
- **name**: Australian Defence Force
- **image**: Ensign of the Australian Defence Force.svg
- **caption**: Flag of the Australian Defence Force
- **current form**: 1976 (ADF established)
- **branches**: Australian Army
 Royal Australian Air Force
 Royal Australian Navy
- **headquarters**: Part of the Australian Defence Organisation
- **commander-in-chief**: Governor-General of Australia, Governor-General Peter Cosgrove, Sir Peter Cosgrove as representative of Charles III, Charles III, King of Australia
- **commander-in-chief title**: Commander-in-Chief#Australia, Commander-in-Chief
- **minister**: Marise Payne
- **minister title**: Minister for Defence (Australia), Minister for Defence
- **commander**: Air chief marshal (Australia), Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin
- **commander title**: Chief of the Defence Force (Australia), Chief of the Defence Force
- **age**: 16.5 years for selection process, 17 years to serve, 18 years to deploy on operations (2013)
- **manpower data**: 2009 est.
- **manpower age**: 16–49
- **available**: 4,999,988
- **available f**: 4,870,043
- **fit**: 4,341,591
- **fit f**: 4,179,659
- **reaching**: 144,959
- **reaching f**: 137,333
- **active**: 57,982
- **reserve**: 23,232 (Active)
 22,166 (Standby)
- **deployed**: 2,241 (10 September 2015)
- **amount**: Australian dollar, A$31.9 billion(2015–16)
- **percent gdp**: 1.92 percent
- **exports**: Secret, but thought to be over A$600 million
COSHH

The **Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002** (COSHH) is a set of rules in the United Kingdom. Employers are to protect employees and other persons from the hazards of substances used at work.

The tasks that employers have to make according to COSHH include:
- Finding out what are the hazards to people's health in the workplace.
- Deciding how to prevent the damage to people's health - this is called risk assessment.
- Giving tools for reducing the damage to people's health.
- Making sure these tools are used.
- Keeping all these tools in order.
- Giving important information and teaching people how to use the tools and reduce health risk.
- Keeping track of health, when this is needed.
- Planning for times of emergency - for example an accident, when a dangerous material is spilled.
Manga Kenchogokuryu

**Manga Kenchuugokuryu** (Anti Chinese wave) is a manga written by Sharin Yamano, Japanese comic artist. Kenchuugokuryu, means "Anti-China" or "Anti-Chinese wave". As the title says, China is the target of criticism. Kenchogokuryu was published by Shinyusha. .

## Contents

- No 1, Education of the anti Japanese
- No 2, To China ODA
- No 3, China attack of the other Asia and tibet
- No 4, Bad Chinese food
- No 5, Chinese students are spy in Japan
- No 6, Blood and thunder in Beijing olympic Games
- No 7, Broadcast of Anti Japan
- No 8, The Truth about Nanjing(The truth of the Nanking Massacre)

## Sharin Yamano's Comic Book

- 《Anti Korean-wave1》 Sharin Yamano,
- 《Anti Korean-wave2》 Sharin Yamano,
- 《Anti Korean-wave3》 Sharin Yamano,
- 《Anti China-wave》Sharin Yamano,

## Other websites

- - Manga Anti China's Website
- - Buy a Comic in Amazon
Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski

**Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski**, is a Polish football club based in Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Poland.

## Successes

- **Orange Ekstraklasa (First league):**
    - **2nd place** (2): 2003, 2005
- **Polish Cup:**
    - **Winner** (2): 2005, 2007
- **Polish League Cup:**
    - **Winner** (2): 2007, 2008

## Other websites

- official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski
- **fullname**: Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski SSA
- **nickname**: Dyskobole (Discobolus)
- **founded**: 1922
- **ground**: Stadion Dyskobolia,
 Grodzisk Wielkopolski
- **capacity**: 7,000
- **chairman**: Ryszard Kaczmarek
- **manager**: Andrzej Janeczek
- **league**: Polish Fourth League (Level 5)
- **season**: 2007–08
- **position**: Ekstraklasa, 3rd
- **pattern la1**: _shouldersonwhite
- **pattern b1**: _thinsidesonwhite
- **pattern ra1**: _shouldersonwhite
- **leftarm1**: 286f6b
- **body1**: 286f6b
- **rightarm1**: 286f6b
- **shorts1**: ffffff
- **socks1**: ffffff
- **pattern b2**: _blackstripes
- **leftarm2**: 286f6b
- **body2**: 286f6b
- **rightarm2**: 286f6b
- **shorts2**: 286f6b
- **socks2**: 308080
Automotive navigation system

**Car navigation** allows an automobile driver to see where he or she is on a map at any given time. Automobile navigation can rely on GPS (Global Positioning System), or it can be DVD- or data-based. GPS-bsed navigation uses radio signals from special satellites that send their position and the time of transmission. The GPS receiver catches the signal and calculates the time. The GPS can then calculate the distance from the satellite with the well-known radio signal speed.

## Satellites

When driving a car with such a GPS receiver, the driver may receive information from a satellite which is above for instance Dover in the south and another one which is above Perth in the north. Then the GPS receiver knows precisely how far it is from Dover and how far it is from Perth. With that _two_ possible positions of the car at the flat land are precisely determined.

To know which one of those positions is the right place, the GPS receiver needs a third satellite, for instance above Land's End in the west. With that information, the GPS receiver can also determine elevation. With three satellites in fact there is still a third possible point, but that is twice as high as the satellites above the earth's surface and does not need to be reckoned with in car travel.

But the GPS receiver still needs a fourth satellite, because the GPS receiver needs to know the time very precisely. In between it knows your car position, so that it can calculate the distance from that satellite. Then it knows the time of reception, because that is the time of transmission plus the travel time of the signal.

## The GPS receiver

At any moment the GPS receiver searches for the strongest satellites, calculates the position and the driving direction and then shows it all on a small screen as a three-dimensional map. With that it also shows the vehicle's driving speed and how far it is to the next junction.

The driver may add the address where he or she wants to go. The GPS receiver then directs the driver to their destination step-by-step, often using voice prompts. The driver can even be shown where there are traffic jams, speed cameras and traffic lights, and the route can be calculated in such a way that these can be avoided, reducing the time needed for the driver to reach his or her destination.

If the driver deviates from the indicated route, the GPS receiver can provide new directions to the same destination, by repeating the same calculations.

## Maps

To show where the car is with the calculated position, the GPS receiver contains digital maps. Many GPS receivers allow users to add more maps or newer maps to allow for better navigation.

## Mobile phones

Mobile phones are often equipped with GPS receivers, but most require a mobile Internet connection to function. Nokia's HERE Maps are able to store maps for offline use, and because of this, phones that have this app installed can be used as GPS navigation systems as mentioned above.
WWE Cyber Sunday

***Cyber Sunday***, also known as ***Taboo Tuesday***, was a yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2004 to 2008 It took place at the in October or November, before Survivor Series. Something special about these events was that they were interactive. Using the internet and text messages, fans could vote for the competing wrestlers, match types, and more.

In 2009 Cyber Sunday was replaced by _WWE Bragging Rights_. The concept of fan voting came back for some episodes of _Raw_ in 2012, and for _NXT 2.0's_ one-year anniversary special in 2022.

## Dates and venues

|style="background: #e3e3e3;"|Event|style="background: #e3e3e3;"|Date|style="background: #e3e3e3;"|City|style="background: #e3e3e3;"|Venue|style="background: #e3e3e3;"|Main Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Taboo Tuesday (2004)|October 19, 2004|Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Bradley Center|Randy Orton vs. Ric Flair in a Steel Cage match||||||
|Taboo Tuesday (2005)|November 1, 2005|San Diego, California|iPayOne Center||John Cena (c) vs. Kurt Angle vs. Shawn Michaels in a Triple Threat match for the WWE Championship|||||
|Cyber Sunday (2006)|November 5, 2006|Cincinnati, Ohio|U.S. Bank Arena||King Booker (c) vs. WWE Champion John Cena vs. ECW World Champion Big Show in a "Champion of Champions" Triple Threat match for the World Heavyweight Championship|||||
|Cyber Sunday (2007)|October 28, 2007|Washington, D.C.|Verizon Center||Batista (c) vs. The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship (with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special guest referee)|||||
|Cyber Sunday (2008)|October 26, 2008|Phoenix, Arizona|US Airways Center||Chris Jericho (c) vs. Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship (with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special guest referee)|||||
|colspan="10"||||||||||

## Infobox (wrestling ppv series)

- **name**: WWE Cyber Sunday
- **othernames**: Taboo Tuesday (2004–2005)
- **promotions**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **brands**: WWE Raw, Raw (2004–2008)
SmackDown (2007–2008)
ECW (WWE), ECW (2007–2008)
- **firstevent**: Taboo Tuesday (2004)
- **lastevent**: Cyber Sunday (2008)
- **gimmick**: Interactive pay-per-view
Rob Van Dam

**Robert Alexander Szatkowski** (born December 18, 1970 in Battle Creek, Michigan), better known by his ring name, **Rob Van Dam**, is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for working for WWE. He has also wrestled with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1996 to 2001 and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2010 to 2013. His finishing move is the Five-Star Frog Splash.

On April 1, 2021, Van Dam was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.

## Championships

Van Dam held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

- **All Star Wrestling**
    - ASW North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **American Wrestling Rampage**
    - AWR World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - NLW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **Extreme Championship Wrestling**
    - ECW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Sabu)
    - ECW World Television Championship (one time)
    - Fifth ECW Triple Crown Champion
- **International Wrestling Federation**
    - IWF Television Championship (one time)
- **National Wrestling Council**
    - NWC Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bobby Bradley)
- **Peach State Wrestling**
    - PSW Cordele City Heavyweight Championship (two times, first)
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - PWI Comeback of the Year (2001, 2010)
    - PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (2001, 2002)
    - He was ranked **#1** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2002.
- **Pro Wrestling Report**
    - Match of the Year (2006) (vs. John Cena at ECW One Night Stand II)
- **South Atlantic Pro Wrestling**
    - SAPW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Chaz Rocco)
- **Total Nonstop Action Wrestling**
    - TNA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **World Stars of Wrestling**
    - WSW World Heavyweight Championship (one time, current)
- **World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - ECW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Kane (one) and Booker T (one))
    - WWE Championship (one time)
    - WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Rey Mysterio)
    - WWF/E Hardcore Championship (four times)
    - WWE European Championship (one time)
    - WWF/E Intercontinental Championship (six times)
    - Money in the Bank (2006)
    - Fifteenth Triple Crown Champion
    - Seventh Grand Slam Champion

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Rob Van Dam
- **image**: RobVanDam.jpg
- **birthname**: Robert Alexander Szatkowski
- **birth place**: Battle Creek, Michigan, U.S.
- **children**: 2
- **names**: Robbie V
Matt Burn
Rob Szatkowski
**Rob Van Dam**
- **billed**: **Battle Creek, Michigan**
Los Angeles, California
- **height**: 6 ft 0 in
- **weight**: 235 lb
- **trainer**: Sabu (wrestler), Sabu
- **debut**: 1990
Brian Kendrick

**Brian David Kendrick** (born March 29, 1979) is an American professional wrestler best known for his time with the WWE and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Battleground Championship Wrestling**
    - BCW Championship (1 time, current)
    - Inaugural BCW Championship Tournament (2023)
- **DDT Pro-Wrestling**
    - Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time)
- **Full Impact Pro**
    - FIP Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Sal Rinauro
    - Florida Rumble (2004)
- **Insane Championship Wrestling**
    - ICW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Paul London
- **Los Angeles Wrestling**
    - LAW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Memphis Championship Wrestling**
    - MCW Southern Light Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
    - MCW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with American Dragon
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - PWI Tag Team of the Year (2007) <small>with Paul London</small>
    - Ranked No. 43 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2003
- **Pro Wrestling Zero-One / Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max**
    - NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Low Ki (1) and Kaz Hayashi (1)
    - NWA/UPW/Zero-One International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - Zero1-Max United States Openweight Championship (1 time)
- **Santino Bros. Wrestling**
    - SBW Championship (2 times)
- **Steeltown Pro Wrestling**
    - SPW Provincial Championship (1 time)
- **Texas Wrestling Alliance**
    - TWA Television Championship (1 time)
    - TWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with American Dragon
- **Total Nonstop Action Wrestling**
    - TNA X Division Championship (1 time)
- **World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE**
    - WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
    - WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Paul London
    - World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Paul London

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Brian Kendrick
- **names**: Brian Kendrick
**The Brian Kendrick**
Spanky
Leonardo Spanky
- **image**: Brian Kendrick April 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Kendrick in April 2019
- **birth place**: Fairfax, Virginia, United States, US
- **billed**: Venice, California
Orlando, Florida
Olympia, Washington
- **trainer**: Texas Wrestling Academy, Shawn Michaels Wrestling Academy
NWA Southwest Wrestling School
Darren Matthews, William Regal
- **debut**: October 8, 1999
Mike Knox

**Michael Shawn Hettinga** (born on July 17, 1978) is an American professional wrestler that is currently working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is best known for working with WWE on all three brands (Raw, SmackDown and ECW) from 2006 to 2010. He was released from his WWE contract on April 23, 2010. He had a dark match in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in May, 2012.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Mike Knox
- **names**: **Mike Knox**
- **image**: Mike Knox Cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Mike Knox in 2009
- **birth place**: San Bernardino, California
- **billed**: Phoenix, Arizona
- **trainer**: "Navajo Warrior" Steve Islas
Ultimate Pro Wrestling
- **debut**: 1998
Don DeLillo

**Don DeLillo** (born November 20, 1936) is an American author. He lives in New York City. His works are about American life in the 20th century and 21st century.

### Novels

- _Americana_ (1971)
- _End Zone_ (1972)
- _Great Jones Street_ (1973)
- _Ratner's Star_ (1976)
- _Players_ (1977)
- _Running Dog_ (1978)
- _Amazons_ (1980) (DeLillo used the pseudonym "Cleo Birdwell" for the author name)
- _The Names_ (1982)
- _White Noise_ (1985)
- _Libra_ (1988)
- _Mao II_ (1991)
- _Underworld_ (1997)
- _The Body Artist_ (2001)
- _Cosmopolis_ (2003)
- _Falling Man_ (2007)
- _Point Omega_ (2010)

### Plays

- _The Day Room_ (1986)
- _Valparaiso_ (1999)
- _Love-Lies-Bleeding_ (2005)
- _The Word for Snow_ (2007)

### Screenplays

- _Game 6_ (2005)

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Don DeLillo
- **image**: Don delillo nyc 02.jpg
- **image size**: 280px
- **caption**: DeLillo in New York City, January 2011
- **birth place**: New York City, United States
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **notableworks**: _White Noise (novel), White Noise_,
 _Libra (novel), Libra_,
 _Mao II_,
 _Underworld (DeLillo novel), Underworld_,
 _Cosmopolis (novel), Cosmopolis_
- **movement**: Postmodern literature, Postmodern
- **nationality**: American
Libra (novel)

***Libra*** is a novel (book) by Don DeLillo. It was written in 1988. The book is about the life of Lee Harvey Oswald and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Libra
- **author**: Don DeLillo
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **publisher**: Viking Press
- **release date**: 15 Aug 1988
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, Hardback & Paperback)
- **pages**: 448 pp
- **isbn**: 0-670-82317-1
- **dewey**: 813/.54 19
- **congress**: PS3554.E4425 L53 1988
- **oclc**: 17510108
Tardienta

**Tardienta** is a municipality in the province of Huesca in Aragon, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tardienta, Spain
- **image shield**: Escudo de Tardienta (Huesca).svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Spain
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous community
- **subdivision name1**: Aragon
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Province of Huesca, Huesca
- **subdivision type3**: List of municipalities in Huesca, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Tardienta
- **area total km2**: 90
- **population as of**: 2004
- **population total**: 1072
- **population density km2**: 11.9
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Violaceae

**Violaceae** (alternatively** Alsodeiaceae**, **Leoniaceae** and **Retrosepalaceae**) is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.
Euphorbiaceae

The spurge family (**Euphorbiaceae**) is a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species. Most are herbs. Some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees.

The name _spurge_ comes from the Latin word _espurge_ meaning to purge: this refers to its use as a laxative.
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge

**Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge** was the eighth son of King George III. He married Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel in 1818. They had three children. One of them was Princess Mary Adelaide, the mother of Mary of Teck, who became the consort of George V of the United Kingdom.

## Ancestors

|rowspan="8" align="center"|**Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge**|rowspan="4" align="center"|**Father:** George III of the United Kingdom|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Paternal Grandfather:** Frederick, Prince of Wales|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandfather:** George II of Great Britain|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandmother:** Caroline of Ansbach|||||||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Paternal Grandmother:** Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandfather:** Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|||||
|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandmother:** Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst|||||||
|rowspan="4" align="center"|**Mother:** Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Maternal Grandfather:** . Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandfather:** Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|||
|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandmother:** Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen|||||||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Maternal Grandmother:** Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandfather:** Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|||||
|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandmother:** Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach|||||||

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Prince Adolphus
- **title**: Duke of Cambridge
- **image**: William Beechey (1753-1839) - Prince Adolphus Frederick (1774–1850), Duke of Cambridge, KG - 1548045 - National Trust.jpg
- **succession**: Viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover
- **reign**: 24 October 1816 – 20 June 1837
- **predecessor**: General von Bülow
- **successor**: _position abolished_
- **issue**: Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
Princess Augusta of Cambridge
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
- **full name**: Adolphus Frederick
- **house**: House of Hanover
- **father**: George III of the United Kingdom, George III
- **mother**: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- **birth place**: Buckingham Palace, London
- **death place**: Cambridge House, Piccadilly
- **burial place**: Kew, London
Joan of Kent

**Joan of Kent** (29 September 1328 – 7 August 1385) was the wife of Edward, the Black Prince, who was the son and heir of Edward III of England. She was the mother of King Richard II of England.
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover

**Ernest Augustus** (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851) was the fifth son and eighth child of George III of the United Kingdom.

Ernest Augustus was made Duke of Cumberland by his father and became King of Hanover on 28 June 1837, on the death of his brother William IV of the United Kingdom.

His successor in Hanover was his only son, George V of Hanover.

## Ancestors

|rowspan="8" align="center"|**Ernest Augustus of Hanover**|rowspan="4" align="center"|**Father:** George III of the United Kingdom|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Paternal Grandfather:** Frederick, Prince of Wales|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandfather:** George II of Great Britain|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandmother:** Caroline of Ansbach|||||||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Paternal Grandmother:** Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandfather:** Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|||||
|align="center"|**Paternal Great-grandmother:** Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst|||||||
|rowspan="4" align="center"|**Mother:** Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Maternal Grandfather:** Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandfather:** Adolf Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|||
|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandmother:** Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen|||||||
|rowspan="2" align="center"|**Maternal Grandmother:** Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandfather:** Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|||||
|align="center"|**Maternal Great-grandmother:** Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach|||||||
Champagne (color)

The color **champagne** is a name given for various very pale tints of yellowish-orange that are close to beige.  The color's name came from the average color of the drink champagne.

The first written use of _champagne_ as a color name in English was in 1915.

## Meaning of champagne

- The color _champagne_ represents luxury.

## Tones of champagne color comparison chart

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|Red|Green|Blue|Hue|Sat|Lum|Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Pink Champagne|style = "background-color: #f1ddcf;"||#F1DDCF|241|221|207|25°|55%|88%|Pantone TPX 12-1107|
|**Champagne**|style = "background-color: #f7e7ce;"||**#F7E7CE**|**247**|**231**|**206**|**37°**|**72%**|**89%**|**www.99colors.net Maerz & Paul**|
|Medium Champagne|style = "background-color: #f3e5ab;"||#F3E5AB|243|229|171|48°|75%|81%|Champagne #89 (ISCC-NBS)|
|Deep Champagne|style = "background-color: #fad6a5;"||#FAD6A5|250|214|165|35°|89%|81%|Champagne #13 (ISCC-NBS)|
|Dark Champagne|style = "background-color: #c2b280;"||#C2B280|194|178|128|45°|35%|63%|Champagne #90 (ISCC-NBS)|

## Related pages

- List of colors
Passifloraceae

**Passifloraceae** is a family of flowering plants, containing about 530 species classified in around 18 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions.
Laurel

The **Lauraceae** or **laurel family** is a group of flowering plants in the order Laurales. It includes the bay laurel and its closest relatives.

The family has over 3000 species of flowering plants in over 50 genera worldwide. They mostly live in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially southeast Asia and South America. Most are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but one or two genera such as _Sassafras_ are deciduous, and _Cassytha_ is a genus of parasitic vines.
Serviciul Român de Informaţii

***Serviciul Român de Informaţii*** (SRI) is the Romanian intelligence service for home defense.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Romanian Intelligence Service
- **nativename**: Serviciul Român de Informaţii
- **seal**: Sigla SRI.svg
- **seal width**: 150px
- **formed**: March 26, 1990
- **preceding1**: Securitate
- **headquarters**: Bucharest
- **employees**: Classified information, Classified
- **budget**: Classified information, Classified
- **chief1 name**: George Cristian Maior
- **chief1 position**: Director
- **chief2 name**: Brig. Gen. Florian Coldea
- **chief2 position**: First-Deputy Director
- **chief3 name**: Lieutenant General Dumitru Ion Zamfir
- **chief3 position**: Deputy Director
- **chief4 name**: Colonel George-Viorel Voinescu
- **chief4 position**: Deputy Director
- **website**: [http://www.sri.ro/ www.sri.ro]
Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party (Romania)

The **Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party** is a Romanian Christian-Democratic party, or group of politicians.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
- **native name**: Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat
- **logo size**: 150px
- **leader**: Aurelian Pavelescu
- **predecessor**: National Peasants' Party
- **foundation**: December 1989
- **ideology**:
Sovereigntism
Euroscepticism
Romanian nationalism
- **headquarters**: Bd. Carol I, nr. 24,
sector 2, Bucharest
- **international**: Centrist Democrat International (CDI)
- **country**: Romania
- **position**: Centre-right politics, Centre-right to Right-wing politics, right-wing
- **european**: European Christian Political Movement, ECPM (2020–present)
European People's Party, EPP (1987–2017)
- **europarl**: European Conservatives and Reformists, ECR group (2020–present)
- **colours**: Green and blue
- **seats1 title**: Senate of Romania, Senate
- **seats2 title**: Chamber of Deputies (Romania), Chamber of Deputies
- **seats3 title**: European Parliament (Romania (European Parliament constituency), Romanian seats)
- **seats4 title**: Mayors
- **seats5 title**: Counties of Romania, County Councilors
- **seats6 title**: Local Councilors
National Liberal Party

**National Liberal Party** can be any of the following parties:

- National Liberal Party (El Salvador)
- National Liberal Party (Lebanon)
- National Liberal Party (Moldova)
- National Liberal Party (Panama)
- National Liberal Party (Romania)
National Liberal Party (Romania)

The **Partidul Național Liberal** (_National Liberal Party_) is a conservative liberal political party in Romania. It is  a "historical" renewed liberal party in Romania. The party was founded in 1875 and re-founded in early 1990. In 2025, it is the third biggest party in the Romanian Parliament.

In 2011, the National Liberal Party has joined a coalition with the Social Democrat Party called the "Social Liberal Union"  which fell in 2014. On 26 July 2014, the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) formed an alliance with the National Liberal Party. The alliance was named the "Christian Liberal Alliance" (ACL).

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: National Liberal Party
- **native name**: Partidul Național Liberal
- **native name lang**: ro
- **abbreviation**: PNL
- **logo**: National Liberal Party Romania.png
- **president**: Cătălin Predoiu (acting (law), acting/ad interim)
- **secretary general**: _Lucian Bode_ (acting (law), acting/ad interim)
- **spokesman**: Ionuț-Marian Stroe
- **leader1 title**: First-Vice Presidents
- **leader1 name**: Rareș Bogdan
Lucian Bode
Gheorghe Flutur
:ro:Iulian Dumitrescu, Iulian Dumitrescu
- **leader2 title**: Leader in the Senate of Romania, Senate
- **leader2 name**: :ro:Cătălin-Daniel Fenechiu, Cătălin-Daniel Fenechiu
- **leader3 title**: Leader in the Chamber of Deputies (Romania), Chamber of Deputies
- **leader3 name**: Florin Roman
- **leader4 title**: Leader in the European Parliament
- **leader4 name**: Rareș Bogdan
- **founded**: 15 January 1990
- **predecessor**: National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875), National Liberal Party
(1875–1947/1950)
- **headquarters**: Modrogan nr 1, Sector 1 (Bucharest), Sector 1, Bucharest
- **student wing**: Liberal Student Clubs (Romania), Liberal Student Clubs (CSL)
- **youth wing**: National Liberal Youth (Romania), National Liberal Youth (TNL)
- **womens wing**: Liberal Women Organisation (Romania), Liberal Women National Organisation (ONFL)
- **membership year**: 2018
- **membership**: 182,000
- **national**: Romanian Democratic Convention

Justice and Truth Alliance

Centre Right Alliance

Social Liberal Union

Christian Liberal Alliance
 National Coalition for Romania
- **european**: European People's Party
- **europarl**: European People's Party group, European People's Party
- **colours**: Yellow
 Blue
- **slogan**: _Prin noi înșine!_
("Through Ourselves!")
- **anthem**: "Verde-nrourat"

- **seats1 title**: Senate of Romania, Senate
- **seats2 title**: Chamber of Deputies (Romania), Chamber of Deputies
- **seats3 title**: European Parliament
- **seats4 title**: Mayors
- **seats5 title**: Counties of Romania, County Presidents
- **seats6 title**: Counties of Romania, County Councilors
- **seats7 title**: Local Council Councilors
- **seats8 title**: Government of Romania, Ministers
- **country**: Romania
- **footnotes**: a.

b. Previously a member of the Alliance for Europe of the Nations (until 2006) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (for the period 2007–2014)
Gravitational constant

The **gravitational constant**, called  in physics equations, is an  empirical physical constant. It is used to show the force between two objects caused by gravity. The gravitational constant appears in Isaac Newton's universal law of gravitation.

is about  N⋅m<sup>2</sup>/kg<sup>2</sup>, and is denoted by letter . In the SI system, the constant is equal to the force in newtons that two objects, each with a mass of 1 kilogram, exert on each other at a distance of 1 meter.

It usually appears in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation, and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. It is also known as the **universal gravitational constant**, **Newton's constant**, and colloquially as **Big G**. It should not be confused with "small g" (_g_), which is the local gravitational field of the Earth (equivalent to the free-fall acceleration).
Chepstow

**Chepstow** () is a town in Monmouthshire, Wales. It is next to the border with England. It is built beside the River Wye, close to where it joins with the River Severn. It is near the western end of the Severn Bridge on the M48 motorway. It is  east of Newport and  west of London. Named Striguil in Norman times (from a Welsh word meaning bend in the river), by the 14th century it had its current name - from the Old English ceap/chepe meaning market, and stowe meaning place. In Welsh it's called Cas-Gwent, meaning castle of Gwent.

Chepstow is famous for its castle, the oldest stone castle still standing in Britain, and for Chepstow Racecourse which is home to the Welsh Grand National. The course was officially opened in 1926. Chepstow Racecourse is just 16 miles from Bristol, making it easy to access from England via the Severn Bridge.

Chepstow's past includes shipbuilding and salmon fishing, the export of timber and oak bark and the import of wine. And in the 18th century the town became popular with visitors following the Wye Tour. Chepstow Museum tells the story of the Wye Tour, and is a short walk from the beautiful Regency iron bridge known as the Old Wye Bridge.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Wales
- **welsh name**: Cas-gwent
- **official name**: Chepstow
- **unitary wales**: Monmouthshire
- **lieutenancy wales**: Gwent (county), Gwent
- **constituency westminster**: Monmouth (UK Parliament constituency), Monmouth
- **post town**: CHEPSTOW
- **postcode district**: NP16
- **postcode area**: NP
- **dial code**: 01291
- **os grid reference**: ST535935
- **population**: 14,195
- **static image**: Chepstow Castle and Bridge from Tutshill.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Chepstow Castle and bridge.</small>