juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
La Paz (disambiguation)

**La Paz** is the administrative capital of Bolivia.

**La Paz** may also refer to:

## Bolivia

- La Paz Department (Bolivia)
- La Paz Municipality, Bolivia
- La Paz River

## Argentina

- La Paz, Córdoba
- La Paz, Entre Ríos
- La Paz, Mendoza
- La Paz Department, Catamarca
- La Paz Department, Mendoza

## Colombia

- La Paz, Cesar
- La Paz, Santander

## Honduras

- La Paz, Honduras
- La Paz Department (Honduras)

## Mexico

- La Paz, Baja California Sur
    - La Paz Municipality, Baja California Sur
- La Paz, State of Mexico, a large suburb of Mexico City

## Philippines

- La Paz, Abra
- La Paz, Agusan del Sur
- La Paz, Iloilo City, a district of Iloilo City
- La Paz, Leyte
- La Paz, Tarlac

## United States

- La Paz County, Arizona
    - La Paz, Arizona, a ghost town
- La Paz, California, headquarters of the United Farm Workers
- La Paz, Indiana

## Other places

- La Paz, Uruguay
- La Paz Department (El Salvador)
- La Paz Waterfall, Costa Rica

## Other uses

- La Paz F.C., a professional football club from La Paz, Bolivia
- Metro La Paz, a Mexico City Metro station
La Paz Municipality, Mexico

**La Paz** is a municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Its municipal seat is the town of **Los Reyes Acaquilpan**. It is located on the dividing line between Mexico State and the eastern edge of the Federal District and is part of the Greater Mexico City area. The area was part of a region called "Atlicpac" which in Nahuatl means 'above or at the edge of water.'  The current city's/municipality's glyph symbolizes water.
San Mateo Piñas

**San Mateo Piñas** is a town and municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 211.8 km².
It is part of the Pochutla District in the east of the Costa Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 2,647.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: San Mateo Piñas
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipality and town
- **map caption**: Location of the municipality in Oaxaca
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oaxaca
- **area total km2**: 211.8
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 2647
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central Standard Time
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, Central Daylight Time
- **utc offset dst**: -5
San Mateo

**San Mateo**, Spanish for Saint Matthew, is the name for many places:

## Bolivia

- San Matéo River
- San Matéo River (Ichilo River)

## Canada

- San Mateo Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

## Canary Islands

- Vega de San Mateo, Las Palmas

## Colombia

- San Mateo, Boyacá

## Costa Rica

- San Mateo (canton)
- San Mateo de Alajuela

## Guatemala

- San Mateo, Quetzaltenango

### State of Mexico

- San Mateo Atenco

### Oaxaca

- San Mateo Cajonos
- San Mateo del Mar
- San Mateo Etlatongo
- San Mateo Nejapam
- San Mateo Peñasco
- San Mateo Piñas
- San Mateo Río Hondo
- San Mateo Sindihui
- San Mateo Tlapiltepec
- San Mateo Yoloxochitlán

## Peru

- San Mateo de Otao District
- San Mateo District, Huarochirí

## Philippines

- San Mateo, Isabela
- San Mateo, Rizal
- San Mateo, San Pablo

## United States

- San Mateo County, California
- San Mateo, California
- San Mateo, Florida
- San Mateo, New Mexico
- San Mateo (Santurce), Puerto Rico

## Venezuela

- San Mateo, Anzoátegui
- San Mateo, Aragua
San Mateo Río Hondo

**San Mateo Río Hondo** is a town and municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the south of the Sierra Sur Region.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: San Mateo Río Hondo
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipality and town
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location of the municipality in Oaxaca
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oaxaca
- **area total km2**: 81.96
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 3495
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central Standard Time
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, Central Daylight Time
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **website**: https://www.facebook.com/sanmateoriohondo
Charles C. Campbell

**Charles C. "Hondo" Campbell** (1948 – February 8, 2016) was an American general. He was the 17th Commanding General in the United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). He previously served as FORSCOM’s Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Staff from April 26, 2006 to January 8, 2007. He assumed his Commanding General assignment January 9, 2007, and completed it June 3, 2010. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Campbell died in Shreveport on February 8, 2016, from a heart attack. He was aged 68.
Violette Verdy

**Violette Verdy** (born **Nelly Armande Guillerm**; 1 December 1933 – 8 February 2016) was a French ballerina, choreographer, teacher, and writer. She worked as a dance company director in France and the United States. She was a Distinguished Professor of Music (Ballet) at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University, in Bloomington, Indiana. She was an artistic director of the Paris Opera Ballet and Boston Ballet, and the recipient of two medals from the French government. She was born in Pont-l'Abbé, France.

Verdy died in Bloomington, Indiana from heart failure on 8 February 2016. She was aged 82.
Kingdom of Mysore

The **kingdom of Mysore** was a kingdom in southern India. It was founded by the Wadiyar dynasty in 1399. They ruled from 1399 to 1947. The last ruler was Jaya chamraja wodeyar. At first they ruled as vassals of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1399 to 1565. From 1565 to 1761 they were independent rulers. From 1761 to 1796 they ruled in name only. The actual power was with Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. When Tipu Sultan died at the hands of the British, they ruled from 1799 to 1947 as British allies.

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**: ಮೈಸೂರು ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ
- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Mysore
Princely State of Mysore
- **common name**: Mysore
- **status**: Empire
- **status text**: Kingdom (Subordinate to Vijayanagara Empire until 1565).
 Princely state under the suzerainty of the the Crown, British Crown after 1799
- **government type**: Monarchy until 1799, Principality thereafter
- **year start**: 1399
- **year end**: 1950
- **event1**: Earliest records
- **date event1**: 1551
- **p1**: Vijayanagara Empire
- **flag p1**: Flag of vijaynagara.jpg
- **s1**: Mysore State
- **flag s1**: Flag of India.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of Kingdom of Mysore.svg
- **image map**: Indian Mysore Kingdom 1784 map.svg
- **capital**: Mysore, Srirangapatna
- **national anthem**: _Kayou Sri Gowri_
- **common languages**: Kannada language, Kannada
- **religion**: Hinduism, Islam
- **leader1**: Yaduraya
- **leader3**: Jaya Chamaraja Wodeyar
- **year leader1**: 1399–1423 (first)
- **year leader3**: 1940–50 (last)
- **title leader**: Maharaja of Mysore, Maharaja
- **today**: India
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

**H.264** or **MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding** is a way to code videos in order to make them smaller.

It can be used for both lossy compression and lossless compression, though it is usually used for lossy compression. H.264 is used in many places including Blu-Ray players, as well as videos streamed through sites like Youtube. It is also used in some TV broadcasts.

H.264 has a successor called HEVC.
Dominique D'Onofrio

**Dominique D'Onofrio** (18 April 1953 – 12 February 2016) was an Italian footballer, coach and later chairman. He was born in Castelforte, Italy. He played for R.R.F.C. Montegnée during the 1970s. He was the head coach of Standard de Liège for almost ten years.

D'Onofrio died on 12 February 2016 from a heart attack while on a trip in Buenos Aires. He was aged 62.

## Other websites

- Dominique D'Onofrio Interviewed

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dominique D'Onofrio
- **image**: Dominique D'Onofrio.JPG
- **caption**: D'Onofrio in 2008
- **birth place**: Castelforte, Italy
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **years1**: 1974–1975
- **clubs1**: R.R.F.C. Montegnée
- **years2**: 1975–1976
- **clubs2**: Ans FC
- **years3**: 1976–1977
- **clubs3**: RJS Bas-Oha
- **years4**: 1977–1982
- **clubs4**: Ans FC
- **manageryears1**: 1994–1995
- **managerclubs1**: R.F.C. Tilleur-Saint-Nicolas, Tilleur Saint-Nicolas
- **manageryears2**: 1995–1996
- **managerclubs2**: RFC Union La Calamine
- **manageryears3**: 1996–1997
- **managerclubs3**: R.R.F.C. Montegnée
- **manageryears4**: 2000–2001
- **managerclubs4**: Standard de Liège
- **manageryears5**: 2002–2006
- **managerclubs5**: Standard de Liège
- **manageryears6**: 2010–2011
- **managerclubs6**: Standard de Liège
August P. Mardesich

**August Paul "Augie" Mardesich** (February 11, 1920 – February 8, 2016) was an American politician from the state of Washington. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in San Pedro, California. Mardesich served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1950 through 1963. He also served as a member of the Washington Senate from the 38th district from 1963 through 1978.

Mardesich died in Mill Creek, Washington from dementia on February 8, 2016. He was aged 95.
Eliseo Prado

**Eliseo Prado** (17 September 1929 – 10 February 2016) was an Argentine football forward. He played for Argentina in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Club Atlético River Plate. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Prado died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Buenos Aires on 10 February 2016. He was aged 86.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Eliseo Prado
- **image**: Eliseo Prado.jpg
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **clubs1**: Club Atlético River Plate
- **nationalteam1**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
Honda (Colombia)

**Honda** is a city in the Tolima Department in  Colombia. In 2015, about 35,000 people lived there. The city was founded in 1539, and has city status since 1830. Together with Libano it is the seat of the Roman Catholic diocesese Libano-Honda.
I Will Never Let You Down

"**I Will Never Let You Down**" is a song by British recording artist Rita Ora. It was first planned as lead single for her upcoming second studio album. But it was later released as a buzz single. It was written and produced by Calvin Harris. The single was released on 31 March 2014.

The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart making it Ora's fourth overall UK number-one single.

The music video features twin dancers Polly Duniam and Sophie Duniam.
Character encoding

Given a number of characters of an alphabet,  a **character encoding** is a function that will map each character to a number. This number must be unique and is called **code point**. In this context, a character is the minimal unit of text that has a semantic value: In alphabets that use letters, this is usually a letter. Early systems, like the telegraph only have a part of all the letters possible. They have only uppercase letters, numbers, and a few extra characters (punctuation, spacing, newline..). The flag alphabet ships use is even more restricted.
The Elements of Style

***The Elements of Style*** is an American English how-to-do-it writing style guide. It lists brief guidelines for writing simple English. The book ran to many reprints.

The original was composed by William Strunk Jr. in 1918, and was published by Harcourt in 1920. It had eight "elementary rules of usage", ten "elementary principles of composition", "a few matters of form", a list of 49 "words and expressions commonly misused", and a list of 57 "words often misspelled".

E. B. White much enlarged and revised the book for publication by Macmillan, in 1959. That was the first edition of the so-called "**Strunk & White**", which _Time_ called in 2011 "one of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923".

The first printing of the 1959 edition sold about two million copies. In the following four decades, more than ten million copies of the three printings (1959 edition, 1972 edition, and 1988 edition) have been sold.
Amniotic sac

The **amniotic sac**  holds a fetus while it is developing during pregnancy.  The amniotic sac is filled with **amniotic fluid**, which protects the fetus.

### The amniotic fluid

The amniotic fluid is very important in protecting the fetus and helping the fetus grow:
- It acts like a cushion, so the fetus does not hit the side of the mother's abdomen or pelvic floor
- It lets the fetus float and move around, which helps the muscles and bones grow
- It keeps the fetus warm
- It contains nutrients that help the fetus grow

Once the fetus is about four months old, when the kidneys start to work, the amniotic fluid serves another important purpose.  The fetus swallows amniotic fluid.  This fluid passes through the fetus's digestive system and urinary system and gets urinated out into the amniotic fluid.  This helps the fetus "practice" swallowing, digesting, and urinating before being born.

### The amniotic sac

The amniotic sac has two layers, which have two different jobs.  The inside layer holds in the fetus and the amniotic fluid.  The outside layer attaches to the umbilical cord, so that blood and oxygen from the mother can get through the amniotic sac and to the fetus.

## Development

The amniotic sac starts to form and fill with amniotic fluid just days after a woman gets pregnant.  At first, the amniotic fluid is made from the mother's plasma (the liquid part of her blood).

At first, the amniotic fluid is made mostly of water with electrolytes (salts).  However, by the 12th to the 14th week of pregnancy, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids, and urea are all in the amniotic fluid.  These things help the fetus grow.

As the fetus gets bigger, more amniotic fluid gets created.  By the time the baby is born, there is about one liter of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.

## Testing

A sample of amniotic fluid can show whether a fetus has certain genetic disorders or infections.  A test called an amniocentesis can take a sample of amniotic fluid with a needle and study it for problems.

## Birth

When a woman starts to give birth, the amniotic sac should break and the amniotic fluid will leak out the woman's vagina.  This is often called the time when a woman's "water breaks."  Doctors call it "rupture of membranes."

Once the baby is born, the amniotic sac is pushed out of the woman's vagina in the afterbirth, along with the placenta.

## Related pages

- Placenta
- Endometrium
- Caesarean section

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Amniotic sac
- **image**: File:Human fetus 10 weeks with amniotic sac - therapeutic abortion.jpg
- **caption**: Ten-week-old fetus, surrounded by the amniotic sac, which is filled with amniotic fluid
A record

In the Domain Name System, an **A record** is something that changes a domain name into a 32-bit IP address (or _IPv4 address_). A domain can have many A records, for example, the domain _example.com_ could have an A record for _www.example.com_ that points to the IP _127.0.0.1_, and another A record for _mail.example.com_ that points to the IP _127.0.0.2_.

## Related pages

- AAAA record
- MX record

## Other websites

- The domain name RFC
AAAA record

In the Domain Name System, an **AAAA record** is something that changes a domain name into a 128-bit IP address (or _IPv6 address_). A domain can have many AAAA records, for example, the domain _example.com_ could have an AAAA record for _www.example.com_ that points to the IP _2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652_, and another AAAA record for _mail.example.com_ that points to the IP _2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9653_.

## Related pages

- A record
- MX record

## Other websites

- The domain name RFC
Aizawl

**Aizawl** is the capital city of the state of Mizoram in India. It has a population of 293,416 according to the census of 2011. It is the largest city in the state. The population of Aizawl is mostly ethnic Mizo people. The people are mostly Christian.

Aizawl is located in the northern part of Mizoram. It is 1,132 metres (3715 ft) above sea level. In the summer the temperatures range from , and in the winter .

## Other websites

- Aizawl Official Website
O. N. V. Kurup

**Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup** (27 May 1931 – 13 February 2016),  popularly known as **O. N. V. Kurup** or simply ** O. N. V.**, was an Indian poet and lyricist. He won Jnanpith Award, the highest literary award in India in 2007. He was born in Chavara, Kollam.

Kurup wrote lyrics for music used in Malayalam cinema. He has written a lot of lyrics for dramas and television serials also. He received the awards Padma Shri in 1998 and Padma Vibhushan in 2011, the fourth and second highest civilian honours from the Government of India. In 2007 he was given an Honorary Doctorate by University of Kerala, Trivandrum. O. N. V. was known for his leftist political views. He was the Left Democratic Front (LDF) candidate in the Thiruvananthapuram constituency for the Lok Sabha elections in 1989.

Kurup died of respiratory failure on 13 February 2016 in Trivandrum, Kerala. He was aged 84.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: O. N. V. Kurup
- **image**: File:ONV_DSC_0118.A.JPG
- thumb
- **image caption**: **O. N. V. Kurup**
- **birth name**: Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup
- **birth place**: Chavara, Kollam, Quilon, Travancore
- **death place**: Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- **education**: Master of Arts, Master's
- **alma mater**: *Government Higher Secondary School, Chavara
* University of Kerala, University of Travancore, Thiruvananthapuram
- **occupation**: Poet, lyricist, professor
- **notable works**: _Agni Shalabhangal, Aksharam, Uppu, Bhoomikkoru Charamageetham, Ujjayini, Swayamvaram_
- **title**: * Professor
*Honorary Doctorate, Doctor (2007)
- **spouse**: Sarojini
- **children**: Rajeevan, Mayadevi
- **parents**: O. N. Krishna Kurup
K. Lakshmikutty Amma
- **awards**: *Jnanpith Award
*Padma Shri
*Padma Vibhushan
Bořek Šípek

**Bořek Šípek** (14 June 1949 – 13 February 2016) was a known Czech architect and designer. He was born in Prague. Šípek was known for his individual, unusual, colorful and rich style. He experiments with unexpected and often weird shapes. Šípek has been called the father of "neo-baroque". His architectural works and other designs are known worldwide.

He was the architect of Prague Castle under the presidency of Václav Havel, and designed Havel's Place. Šípek was knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He had three sons, one of them with Leona Machálková.

Šípek died on 13 February 2016 from cancer in Prague. He was aged 66.
Joachim Peiper

**Joachim Peiper**, (30 January 1915 in Berlin – 14 July 1976 in Traves, Haute-Saône), also known as **Jochen Peiper**, was a waffen-SS military officer of Nazi Germany during World War II.

He was a field officer of the Waffen-SS (he had the rank of SS-Standartenführer der Waffen-SS, comparable with the rank of colonel). He was personal adjutant to the commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS), Heinrich Himmler. He held this position between November 1940 and August 1941. Peiper fought on both the Eastern Front against the Red Army and the Western Front against the Western Allies. He won the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords for bravery on the battlefield and his leadership skills. By 1945, he was in command of a regiment of the Waffen-SS. He was the Waffen-SS's youngest regimental colonel.

Peiper was convicted of war crimes committed in Belgium. He was imprisoned for almost 12 years. He was also accused of war crimes in Italy. However, Italian and German courts decided that there was not enough evidence. After his release from prison, Peiper worked for both Porsche and Volkswagen. He then moved to France. In France he translated books from English to German under the pseudonym **Rainer Buschmann**. Peiper was murdered in France in July 1976. He was shot by unknown people who then burned his house to the ground using Molotov cocktails.

**Promotions and Ranks in the SS (1936-1945)**

SS-Untersturmfuhrer (Second Lieutenant) ; 1936-1939

SS-Obersturmfuhrer (First Lieutenant) ; 1939-1940)

SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer (Captain) ; 1940-1943

SS-Sturmbannfuhrer (Major),Obersturmbannfuhrer (Lieutenant-Colonel) ; 1943-1945

SS-Standartenfuhrer (Colonel) ; 1945
Mexico (disambiguation)

**Mexico** is a country in North America.

**Mexico** may also refer to:

### Mexico

- Mexico City (México, D.F.; Ciudad de México; Distrito Federal)
- Mexico (state) (Estado Libre y Soberano de México; México)

### United States

- New Mexico
- Mexico, Illinois
- Mexico, Indiana
- Mexico, Kentucky
- Mexico, Maine
- Mexico, Allegany County, Maryland
- Mexico, Carroll County, Maryland
- Mexico, Missouri
- Mexico (town), New York
- Mexico (village), New York
- Mexico, Ohio
- Mexico, Juniata County, Pennsylvania
- Mexico, Montour County, Pennsylvania
- Mexico, Texas

### Philippines

- Mexico, Pampanga, a municipality in the Philippines
MX record

In the Domain Name System, an **MX record** is something that a domain uses to tell people and software the IP address of an email server. There can be more than one MX record for a domain. When there is more than one record, DNS uses a priority list that tells whatever is looking up the records to try the IP addresses in a certain order. For example, _example.com_ might have a set of MX records that say for _mail.example.com_ to try _127.0.0.5_ first. If that try fails, another record will say to try _127.0.0.6_. This behavior makes email more reliable.

## Related pages

- A record
- AAAA record

## Other websites

- The domain name RFC
Anti-lock braking system

An **anti-lock braking system** (**ABS**) is a safety system that prevents the wheels of a vehicle (for example car, motorcycle) from locking up when it is strongly braked. The goal is to keep the vehicle controllable, because a wheeled vehicle can only be safely steered when its wheels are not skidding.
The Milli Gazette

***Milli Gazette*** (**MG**) is an English-language newspaper in India. It is a compact newspaper. It describes itself as the leading English newspaper for Indian Muslims. Feature articles generally cover global news concerning Muslims, focusing especially on Indian Muslim issues.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Milli Gazette E-paper
- Google Directory Listing of Newspapers from India

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: The Milli Gazette
- **type**: Fortnightly newspaper
- **format**: Compact (newspaper), Compact
- **foundation**: January 2000
- **owners**: Pharos Group
- **publisher**: [http://www.pharosmedia.com Pharos Media]
- **chiefeditor**: Zafarul Islam Khan
- **language**: Indian English, English
- **headquarters**: New Delhi, India
- **oclc**: 54467165
- **issn**: 0972-3366
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States

**Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States** are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States. The number of Associate Justices is ruled by the United States Congress and is currently set at eight by the Judiciary Act of 1869.

## How they are nominated

The President "shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint... Judges of the supreme Court." Although the Constitution refers to them as "Judges of the Supreme Court," the title actually used is "Associate Justice," introduced in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Associate justices were traditionally styled "Mr. Justice" in court opinions, but the title was shortened to "Justice" in 1980, a year before the first female justice was appointed.

## Duties

Each of the Justices of the Supreme Court has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before it; the Chief Justice's vote counts no more than that of any other Justice.

## Succession process

Under 28 USC 3, when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior Associate Justice until the disability or the vacancy ends.

## Current justices

**The current Associate Justices are (in order of seniority):**
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="min-width: 150px /* without these none of the images will display on a mobile device. Given images are 100px width we must ensure the container is at least 100px with some space for the text */"|Justice / birthdate and place|rowspan=2|Appointed by|rowspan=2|<abbr title="U.S. Senate confirmation vote">SCV</abbr>|colspan=2|Age at|rowspan=2|Start date / length of service|rowspan=2 class="unsortable"|Previous position or office|rowspan=2|Replaced|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**** Pin Point, Georgia||52–48|43|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (1990–1991)|Marshall||||||
||**** Trenton, New Jersey||58–42|55|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1990–2006)|O'Connor||||||
||**** The Bronx, New York||68–31|55|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1998–2009)|Souter||||||
||**** Manhattan, New York||63–37|50|||Solicitor General of the United States (2009–2010)|Stevens||||||
||**** Denver, Colorado||54–45|49|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (2006–2017)|Scalia||||||
||**** Washington, D.C.||50–48|53|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2006–2018)|Kennedy||||||
||**** New Orleans, Louisiana||52–48|48|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (2017–2020)|Ginsburg||||||
||**** Washington, D.C.||53–47|52|||Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2021–2022)|Breyer||||||

## Other websites

- Historic collection of Supreme Court decisions and biographies indexed by judge name
Johnny Lattner

**John Joseph Lattner** (October 24, 1932 – February 12, 2016) was an American football player.  While playing college football for the University of Notre Dame, he won the Heisman Trophy in 1953.  He also won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953.  Lattner played professionally for one season in the National Football League (NFL), with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1954. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Lattner died in Oak Park, Illinois on February 12, 2016 from lung cancer. He was aged of 83.
Judicial interpretation

**Judicial interpretation** is an explanation of how the judiciary interprets the law. In Common law, judicial interpretation is made up of guidelines that come from case law rather than from a legislature. These represent all previous judicial decisions. In constitutional law, there are different methods of judicial interpretation. These include:

- **Textualism** is when judges look at the actual language of more than anything else. This method can be hampered when the language of the Constitution itself is ambiguous. This is also called **literalism**.

- **Strict constructionism** is when a judge interprets the text only as it is spoken. Once a clear meaning has been established, there is no need for further analysis. Judges should avoid drawing inferences from previous statutes or the constitution and instead focus on exactly what was written.

- **Founders' Intent** is when judges try to gauge the intentions of the authors of the Constitution. Problems can arise when judges try to determine which particular Founders or Framers to consult. It is also a problem to try to determine what they meant based on often sparse and incomplete documentation. This is also called **original intent**.

- **Originalism** is when judges try to apply the "original" meanings of various constitutional provisions.

- **Balancing** happens when judges weigh one set of interests or rights against an opposing set. They typically used to make rulings in First Amendment cases.

- **Prudentialism** discourages judges from setting broad rules for possible future cases. It advises courts to play a limited role.

- **Doctrinalism** considers how various parts of the Constitution have been "shaped by the Court's own jurisprudence".

- **Precedent** is when judges decide a case by looking to the decision of a previous and similar case. They find a rule or principle in the earlier case to guide the current case.

- **Structuralism** is a method judges use by finding the meaning of a particular constitutional principle only by "reading it against the larger constitutional document or context."

## Related pages

- Jurisprudence
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

The **incorporation of the Bill of Rights** (also called **incorporation** for short) is how American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states. This has been done through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.  Before 1925, the Bill of Rights was held only to apply to the federal government. Under the **incorporation doctrine**, most provisions of the Bill of Rights now also apply to the state and local governments.

Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment and what became the incorporation doctrine, the Supreme Court in 1833 held in _Barron v. Baltimore_ that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government, not the states. Even years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court in _United States v. Cruikshank_ (1876) still held that the First and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to "incorporate" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments. This process has been called selective incorporation.
2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of first round

This is the **Results of the first round of 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

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### 9th round

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### 11th round

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### 12th round

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### 16th round

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### 18th round

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Sri Srinivasan

**Padmanabhan Srikanth** "**Sri**" **Srinivasan** (born February 23, 1967) is an American jurist. He is the United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit since May 2013.

He was confirmed by the United States Senate by a vote of 97–0 on May 23, 2013. Before being confirmed as a judge he was the Principal Deputy Solicitor General of the United States. He has argued 25 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. He was also a lecturer at Harvard Law School.

Srinivasan also is known for having represented former Enron executive Jeffrey Skilling in his appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court, _Skilling v. United States_ (2010).

## Early life

Srinivasan was born in Chandigarh, India on February 23, 1967. He was raised in Lawrence, Kansas. He played basketball at Lawrence High School. He studied at Stanford University.

### Federal judicial service (2013-present)

On June 11, 2012, President Barack Obama nominated Srinivasan to the seat on the D.C. Circuit. He was nominated again on January 3, 2013, after the Senate adjourned.

His Senate confirmation hearing on April 10, 2013, was uneventful. His nomination was reported to the floor of the Senate on May 16, 2013, by a unanimous vote of 18 for and 0 against. A final vote on his nomination took place on May 23, 2013, where he was confirmed 97-0. He received his commission on May 24, 2013. He received the oath of office from Chief Judge Merrick Garland on June 18, 2013.

### 2016 Supreme Court speculation

On February 13, 2016, just hours after the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, there were rumors being published in the media that Srinivasan was the most likely nominee President Barack Obama was going to put forward to replace Scalia.

On March 16, 2016, Obama nominated Merrick Garland to replace Scalia.

## Personal life

Srinivasan lives in Arlington, Virginia.  He has been married to Carla J. Garrett.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sri Srinivasan
- **image**: Sri Srinivasan.jpg
- **office**: Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
- **term start**: February 11, 2020
- **predecessor**: Merrick Garland
- **office1**: Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
- **appointer1**: Barack Obama
- **term start1**: May 24, 2013
- **predecessor1**: A. Raymond Randolph
- **office2**: United States Solicitor General#List of Principal Deputy Solicitors General, Principal Deputy Solicitor General of the United States
- **president2**: Barack Obama
- **term start2**: August 26, 2011
- **term end2**: May 24, 2013
- **predecessor2**: Neal Katyal
- **successor2**: Ian Heath Gershengorn
- **birth name**: Padmanabhan Srikanth Srinivasan
- **birth place**: Chandigarh, India
- **education**: Stanford University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD, MBA)
John Danforth

**John Claggett Danforth** (born September 5, 1936) is a retired American politician. He began his career in 1968 as the Attorney General of Missouri. He served three terms as a United States Senator from Missouri. He is considered a moderate and conciliator. He has been periodically called out of retirement by both of the major political parties to fill diplomatic roles. In 2004, he served briefly as United States Ambassador to the United Nations.

Danforth is an ordained Episcopal priest. He presided over the state funeral of Ronald (2004) and Nancy Reagan (2016).

## Family and education

Danforth was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He is the son of Dorothy (Claggett) and Donald Danforth. He is the grandson of William H. Danforth, founder of Purina Mills. His father was the CEO of its successor, Ralston Purina. Danforth's brother, Dr. William Henry Danforth, is former chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis.

Danforth attended St. Louis Country Day School for high school. He eventually went to Princeton University where he received his bachelor's degree in 1958. While in college Danforth joined Lambda Chi Alpha, a fraternity. He then attended law and divinity graduate schools at Yale University. He was employed a short time at the New York law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell.

## Infobox (senator)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Reverend & The Honorable#United States, Honorable
- **birthname**: John Claggett Danforth
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **image**: John danforth.JPG
- **order**: 24th
- **ambassador from**: United States
- **country**: the United Nations
- **term start**: July 1, 2004
- **term end**: January 20, 2005
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **1namedata**: Kofi Annan
- **predecessor**: John D. Negroponte
- **successor**: Anne W. Patterson, Anne Patterson
- **jr/sr2**: Senator
- **state2**: Missouri
- **term start2**: December 27, 1976
- **term end2**: January 3, 1995
- **preceded2**: Stuart Symington
- **succeeded2**: John Ashcroft
- **order3**: 37th
- **office3**: Attorney General of Missouri
- **governor3**: Warren E. Hearnes (1965–1973)
Kit Bond (1973–1977)
- **preceded3**: Norman H. Anderson
- **succeeded3**: John Ashcroft
- **term start3**: January 13, 1969
- **term end3**: December 27, 1976
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **alma mater**: Princeton University <small>(Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)</small>
Yale Law School <small>(Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
Yale Divinity School
- **spouse**: Sally Dobson Danforth
Leo Ehlen

**Leo Ehlen** (20 May 1953 – 10 February 2016) was a Dutch football player. He was born in Broeksittard, Limburg (Netherlands). He was a defender and defensive midfielder. Ehlen started his professional career with Fortuna SC and joined Roda JC in 1975. With Roda JC, he played alongside Dick Nanninga, Pierre Vermeulen and Theo de Jong. He was nicknamed the _Neeskens of Roda_ after Johan Neeskens. Ehlen scored 6 goals in 233 official matches for the club. He left them after nine years for a short time with Belgian team Waterschei.

Ehlen died in Sittard, Netherlands on 10 February 2016 from kidney disease. He was aged 62.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Leo Ehlen
- **image**: Roda JC tegen Ajax 1-1 Soren Lerby wordt ten val gebracht door v.l.n.r. Ehlen, Bestanddeelnr 932-1499.jpg
- **caption**: Ehlen (left) tripping Ajax' Søren Lerby in May 1982
- **fullname**: Petrus Leonardus Ehlen
- **birth place**: Broeksittard, Netherlands
- **death place**: Sittard, Netherlands
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: Almania
- **years1**: 1974–1975
- **clubs1**: Fortuna Sittard, Fortuna SC
- **years2**: 1975–1984
- **clubs2**: Roda JC Kerkrade, Roda JC
- **caps2**: 233
- **goals2**: 6
- **years3**: 1984–1985
- **clubs3**: K. Waterschei S.V. Thor Genk, Waterschei
Star City (comics)

**Star City** is a fictional city in DC Comics. It is the home of Queen Industries, owned by millionaire Oliver Queen. Queen is the Green Arrow, a trained archer. He protects this city.
YouTube Premium

**YouTube Premium**, previously known as **Music Key** or **YouTube Red** is a premium subscription service to YouTube. It allows users to watch videos without any advertisements and allows users to download videos to their mobile devices (but not desktop computers). It costs $11 USD per month as of April 2020, with a free trial that is given new users.

YouTube Premium was originally launched on November 14, 2014, as Music Key, offering advertisement-free streaming of music videos from participating labels on YouTube and Google Play Music. The service was then revised and relaunched as YouTube Red on October 31, 2015, expanding its scope to offer advertisement-free access to all YouTube videos, as opposed to just music.

YouTube announced the rebranding of the service as YouTube Premium on May 17, 2018, alongside the return of a separate, YouTube Music subscription service. Later in the year, it was reported that YouTube was planning to make some of the original content associated with the service available on an ad-supported basis.

## Features

A YouTube Premium subscription allows users to watch videos on YouTube without advertisements across the website and its mobile apps, including the dedicated YouTube Music, YouTube Gaming, and YouTube Kids apps and services. Through the apps, users can also save videos to their device for offline viewing, play their audio in the background, and in picture-in-picture mode on Android Oreo and newer. YouTube Premium also offers original content that is exclusive to subscribers, which is created and published by YouTube's largest creators.
United States presidential primary

In the United States, a **presidential primary** is a series of elections and caucuses within a political party. They are held to choose the party's candidate for the presidential election. This process was never included in the United States Constitution; it was created over time by the political parties. Some states hold only primary elections, some hold only caucuses, and others use a combination of both.

These primaries and caucuses are staggered generally between either late-January or early-February, and mid-June before the presidential election in November. The primary elections are run by state and local governments.

## Other websites

- Fairvote.org
Latrobe, Pennsylvania

**Latrobe**  is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in the United States and part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The city population was 8,060 as of the 2020 census (9,265 in 1990). Latrobe was incorporated as a borough in 1854, and as a city in 1999 (#Jerbs).  The zip code is 15650, bijjes!

## Other websites

- City of Latrobe website
- Greater Latrobe Community Network
Viggo Rivad

**Viggo Reinholdt Rivad** (3 July 1922 – 8 February 2016) was a Danish photographer. His career began in 1946, and he went on to win many competitions in the 1950s and 1960s. He was born in Nørrebro, Denmark.

Around 1960, he adopted his so-called "essay approach". The essay approach uses a series of photographs to tell a story. This resulted in a series of related photographs such as _"Et farvel"_ (1962) and _"Laurits"_ (1971). Rivad also earned a living as a taxi driver. He was a quiet, dedicated photographer, concentrating on disadvantaged areas and people on the edges of society. His humanitarian messages were a result of his anger and concern for society's outcasts.

Rivad died in Copenhagen, Denmark of complications from a stroke on 8 February 2016. He was 93 years old.
Competition (biology)

**Competition** is an interaction between organisms or species in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another. According to evolutionary theory, this competition within and between species for resources plays a role in natural selection.

Competition occurs when  organisms or species need or use the same resources.  Common resources are food, water and territory.

Two species in competition often continue long-term in the same environment. This suggests they each have an "edge" which the other does not. In may cases _being there first_ is a big edge. For example, plants consume nitrogen by absorbing it into their roots, making nitrogen unavailable to nearby plants.

Species in competition may directly interfere with each other. An example of this can be seen between the ant _Novomessor cockerelli_ and red harvester ants, where the first interferes with the ability of the second to forage. It does this by plugging the entrances to their rival's colonies with small rocks.

## Related pages

- Struggle for existence
- Natural selection
Ottoman Turkish

**Ottoman Turkish** , or the **Ottoman Turkish language** ( ) (also known as   or  , "Turkish"), is a type of Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire between the 13th and 20th centuries. It was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian. It was written in the Arabic and Persian alphabets. When the Ottoman Empire was at its most powerful, Arabic and Persian words made up to 88% of its vocabulary. Words of Arabic and Persian origins heavily outnumbered native Turkish words.

## Related pages

- Turkish language
- Turkic languages

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Ottoman Turkish
- **nativename**:

- **region**: Ottoman Empire
- **era**: - developed into Turkish language, Modern Turkish in 1928
- **familycolor**: Altaic
- **fam1**: Turkic languages, Turkic
- **fam2**: Common Turkic languages, Common Turkic
- **fam3**: Oghuz languages, Oghuz
- **ancestor**: Old Anatolian Turkish
- **script**: Arabic alphabet, Arabic and Persian language, Persian alphabets
- **nation**: Cretan State
 Emirate of Jabal Shammar
 Khedivate of Egypt<br/ > Ottoman Empire
  Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus
  Provisional Government of Western Thrace
 Turkish Provisional Government
 Turkey (Until 1928)
- **iso2**: ota
- **iso3**: ota
- **linglist**: ota
- **glotto**: none
2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of second round

This is the **Results of the second round of 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

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Muriel Casals i Couturier

**Muriel Casals i Couturier** (April 6, 1945 – February 14, 2016) was a French-born Spanish economist. She was an emeritus professor in the Department of Economics and Historical Economics in the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). She was also vicedean of International Relations and Cooperation between 2002 and 2005.

She specialized in industrial reconversions, the history of economic thought and European economics. Casals was also the representative of the UAB in the Xarxa Vives d'Universitats (Live University Networks) between 2002 and 2009. She had been a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh, the London School of Economics and the University of Wales at Bangor. She was born in Avignon, France to Spanish parents.

Couturier died on February 14, 2016 in Barcelona. She had been injured after being hit by a bicycle. She was aged 70.
Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury

**Eric Reginald Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury**, PC (29 September 1928 – 14 February 2016) was an English politician.

He served as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Orpington from 1962 to 1970. He served in the House of Lords, having inherited the title of Baron Avebury in 1971. In 1999, when most hereditary peers were removed from the House of Lords, he was elected by his fellow Liberal Democrats to remain. When he died, he was the longest-serving Liberal Democrat peer.

Lubbock died on 14 February 2016 in London from leukemia. He was aged 87.

## Infobox (mp)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Lord Avebury
- **honorific-suffix**: Privy Council of the United Kingdom, PC
- **image**: Lord-Avebury-2006.jpg
- **caption**: Lord Avebury in 2006
- **office**: Liberal Chief Whip
- **term start**: 1963
- **term end**: 18 June 1970
- **leader**: Jo Grimond
Jeremy Thorpe
- **preceded**: Arthur Holt (politician), Arthur Holt
- **succeeded**: David Steel
- **constituency mp1**: Orpington (UK Parliament constituency), Orpington
- **parliament1**: United Kingdom
- **term start1**: Orpington by-election, 1962, 15 March 1962
- **term end1**: United Kingdom general election, 1970, 18 June 1970
- **predecessor1**: Donald Sumner
- **successor1**: Ivor Stanbrook
- **birth place**: Orpington, United Kingdom
- **death place**: London, United Kingdom
- **nationality**: British
- **education**: Upper Canada College
Harrow School
Balliol College, Oxford, Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford
- **occupation**: Politician
- **party**: Liberal Party (UK), Liberal
Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Democrat
- **spouse**: Kina-Maria O'Kelly de Gallagh
(m.1953-1983)
Lindsay Stewart
(m.1985-2016)
- **children**: Lyulph Lubbock, 5th Baron Avebury, Lyulph
 Maurice
 Victoria
 John