juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mortification

**Mortification** is a Christian extreme metal band from Australia. The band was formed in 1987 as **Lightforce** but changed its name in 1990. They inspired many people as one of the first successful Christian death metal bands from Australia.

## Current members

- Steve Rowe - singer and bassist
- Michael Jelinic - guitarist
- Andrew Esnouf - drummer
- Lincoln Bowen - backing vocals

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mortification
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Lightforce
- **origin**: Moorabbin, Victoria, Australia
- **genre**: Christian metal, death metal, thrash metal, groove metal
- **years active**: –present
- **label**: Intense Records, Intense, Nuclear Blast, Rowe Productions, Rowe
- **current members**: Steve Rowe
Adam Zaffarese
Mick Jelinic
- **past members**: Jayson Sherlock
Phil Gibson
Keith Bannister
Bill Rice
Dave Kilgallon
Mike Forsberg
Cameron Hall
Michael Carlisle
Lincoln Bowen
Jeff Lewis
Damien Percy
Lugnez

**Lugnez** was a municipality in Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2024, the former municipalities of Damphreux and Lugnez merged to form the new municipality of Damphreux-Lugnez.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lugnez
- **image photo**: 2016-Lugnez.jpg
- **municipality name**: Lugnez
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Lugnez-blazon.svg
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2933
- **municipality code**: 6793
- **area**: 5.13
- **elevation**: 411
- **population**: 214
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.jura.ch/lugnez
- **neighboring municipalities**: Montignez, Damphreux, Beurnevésin, Réchésy(F), Courcelles(F)
Holderbank

**Holderbank** can mean:

Two municipalities of Switzerland:
- Holderbank, Aargau
- Holderbank, Solothurn
Holderbank, Aargau

**Holderbank** is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Holderbank
- **municipality name**: Holderbank
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Holderbank.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Lenzburg (district), Lenzburg
- **postal code**: 5113
- **municipality code**: 4199
- **area**: 2.32
- **elevation**: 365
- **population**: 866
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **website**: www.holderbank.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Lupfig, Möriken-Wildegg, Scherz, Schinznach-Bad, Schinznach-Dorf, Veltheim, Aargau, Veltheim
Miécourt

**Miécourt** was a municipality, in the new municipality of La Baroche and the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. The French language is the most people's first language in this town.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Miécourt
- **image photo**: Miecourt-Rue-de-l-Allaine.jpg
- **image caption**: Miécourt
- **municipality name**: Miécourt
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: GW-JU-Miécourt.gif
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2946
- **municipality code**: 6794
- **area**: 6.46
- **elevation**: 479
- **population**: 447
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Vendlincourt, Alle, Switzerland, Alle, Cornol, Fregiécourt, Charmoille, Switzerland, Charmoille, Levoncourt(F)
Steve Rowe

**Steve Rowe** (born January 1965 in Melbourne) is an Australian bassist. He is the founder of the Christian extreme metal band Mortification.

## Other websites

- Rowe Productions official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Steve Rowe
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth date**: January 1965
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, bass guitar
- **genre**: Christian metal
thrash metal
death metal
power metal
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1986–_present_
- **label**: Rowe Productions, Nuclear Blast, Intense Records
- **associated acts**: Mortification, Light Force
Montenol

**Montenol** was a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Montenol, Epauvillers, Epiquerez, Montmelon, Ocourt, Saint-Ursanne and Seleute merged into the new municipality of Clos du Doubs

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Montenol
- **image caption**: 2016-Montenol-1.jpg
- **municipality name**: Montenol
- **municipality type**: former
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2884
- **municipality code**: 6795
- **area**: 2.15
- **elevation**: 692
- **population**: 89
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Saint-Ursanne, Montmelon, Epauvillers
Holziken

**Holziken** is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Holziken
- **municipality name**: Holziken
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Holziken COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Kulm (district), Kulm
- **postal code**: 5043
- **municipality code**: 4136
- **area**: 2.86
- **elevation**: 443
- **population**: 1162
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **website**: www.holziken.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hirschthal, Kölliken, Muhen, Schöftland, Uerkheim
Montignez

**Montignez** was a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Montignez, Buix and Courtemaîche merged into the new municipality of Basse-Allaine.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Montignez
- **municipality name**: Montignez
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Blason ville ch Montignez.svg
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2924
- **municipality code**: 6796
- **area**: 5.8
- **elevation**: 421
- **population**: 252
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buix, Courtemaîche, Damphreux, Lugnez, Courcelles (F)
Hornussen, Aargau

**Hornussen** was a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2022, the former municipalities of Bözen, Effingen, Elfingen and Hornussen merged to form the new municipality of Böztal.

## Other websites

- Official website of the municipality of Hornussen

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hornussen
- **municipality name**: Hornussen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Hornussen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Laufenburg (district), Laufenburg
- **postal code**: 5075
- **municipality code**: 4167
- **area**: 7.27
- **elevation**: 382
- **population**: 845
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **website**: www.hornussen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bözen, Elfingen, Frick, Switzerland, Frick, Ittenthal, Sulz, Aargau, Sulz, Ueken, Zeihen
Hottwil

**Hottwil** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Mettauertal and district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hottwil
- **municipality name**: Hottwil
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Hottwil AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district), Brugg
- **postal code**: 5277
- **municipality code**: 4101
- **area**: 4.16
- **elevation**: 415
- **population**: 262
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **website**: www.hottwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gansingen, Mandach, Remigen, Villigen, Wil, Aargau, Wil
Montmelon

**Montmelon** was a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it is a part of the new municipality Clos du Doubs.

The municipality is made of several villages and of many spread out farms. The municipality has about 100 people living there, many of them are farmers.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Montmelon
- **image photo**: Montmelon, Jura in spring.JPG
- **image caption**: Montmelon, Doubs, Jura in spring.
- **municipality name**: Montmelon
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: GW-JU-Montmelon.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2883
- **municipality code**: 6797
- **area**: 11.97
- **elevation**: 594
- **population**: 114
- **populationof**: 2003
- **places**: Montmelon-Dessus, Montmelon-Dessous, Ravines
- **neighboring municipalities**: Asuel, Saint-Ursanne, Montenol, Epauvillers, Saint-Brais, Glovelier, Boécourt, Cornol, Courgenay, Seleute, Ocourt
Hunzenschwil

**Hunzenschwil** is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hunzenschwil
- **municipality name**: Hunzenschwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Hunzenschwil COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Lenzburg (district), Lenzburg
- **postal code**: 5502
- **municipality code**: 4200
- **area**: 3.27
- **elevation**: 402
- **population**: 2798
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **website**: www.hunzenschwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gränichen, Rupperswil, Schafisheim, Suhr, Aargau, Suhr
Extreme metal

**Extreme metal** describes a mixture of heavy metal music subgenres formed since the 1980s. Extreme metal is much harsher than other heavy metal. It is also underground, or less commercial.

### Main types

- Black metal
    - Ambient black metal
    - Symphonic black metal
    - War metal
- Death metal
    - Melodic death metal
    - Technical death metal
- Doom metal
    - Epic doom
    - Funeral doom
    - Traditional doom
- Speed metal
- Thrash metal

### Fusions with other genres

- Black-doom
- Blackened death metal
- Dark metal
- Death-doom
- Melodic death metal
- Pagan metal
- Viking metal
Islisberg

**Islisberg** is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Islisberg
- **municipality name**: Islisberg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Islisberg AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Bremgarten (district), Bremgarten
- **postal code**: 8905
- **municipality code**: 4084
- **area**: 1.65
- **elevation**: 680
- **population**: 495
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **website**: www.islisberg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aesch bei Birmensdorf (ZH), Arni, Aargau, Arni, Bonstetten, Switzerland, Bonstetten (ZH), Hedingen (ZH)
Ocourt

**Ocourt** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Clos du Doubs and district of Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ocourt
- **municipality name**: Ocourt
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Ocout-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Ocourt.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2889
- **municipality code**: 6798
- **area**: 11.63
- **elevation**: 424
- **population**: 137
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Epiquerez, Seleute, Saint-Ursanne, Montmelon, Courgenay, Fontenais, Bressaucourt, Montancy(F), Brémoncourt(F)
Ittenthal

**Ittenthal** was a municipality, in the municipality of Kaisten and district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ittenthal
- **municipality name**: Ittenthal
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Ittenthal.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Laufenburg (district), Laufenburg
- **postal code**: 5083
- **municipality code**: 4168
- **area**: 3.89
- **elevation**: 404
- **population**: 201
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **website**: www.ittenthal.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Frick, Switzerland, Frick, Hornussen, Aargau, Hornussen, Kaisten, Switzerland, Kaisten, Sulz, Aargau, Sulz
Jonen

**Jonen** is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Jonen
- **municipality name**: Jonen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Jonen AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Bremgarten (district), Bremgarten
- **postal code**: 8916
- **municipality code**: 4071
- **area**: 5.70
- **elevation**: 401
- **population**: 1655
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.jonen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Affoltern am Albis (ZH), Arni, Aargau, Arni, Hedingen (ZH), Oberlunkhofen, Ottenbach, Switzerland, Ottenbach (ZH), Rottenschwil
Kaiseraugst

**Kaiseraugst** is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Kaiseraugst
- **municipality name**: Kaiseraugst
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Kaiseraugst AG.svg
- **pixel coa**: 100px
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Rheinfelden (district), Rheinfelden
- **postal code**: 4303
- **municipality code**: 4252
- **area**: 4.91
- **elevation**: 269
- **population**: 4849
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.kaiseraugst.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Augst (BL), Giebenach (BL), Grenzach-Wyhlen (DE-BW), Olsberg, Switzerland, Olsberg, Rheinfelden, Baden-Württemberg, Rheinfelden (DE-BW), Rheinfelden, Switzerland, Rheinfelden
Kaiserstuhl, Aargau

**Kaiserstuhl** was a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2022, the former municipalities of Bad Zurzach, Baldingen, Böbikon, Kaiserstuhl, Rekingen, Rietheim, Rümikon and Wislikofen merged to form the new municipality of Zurzach.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Kaiserstuhl
- **municipality name**: Kaiserstuhl
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Kaiserstuhl COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5466
- **municipality code**: 4313
- **area**: 0.32
- **elevation**: 347
- **population**: 420
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.kaiserstuhl.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Fisibach, Hohentengen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Weiach (ZH)
Kaisten, Aargau

**Kaisten** is a municipality of the district Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1st January 2010 the former municipality of Ittenthal merged into the municipality of Kaisten.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Kaisten
- **municipality name**: Kaisten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Kaisten AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Laufenburg (district), Laufenburg
- **postal code**: 5082
- **municipality code**: 4169
- **area**: 14.22
- **elevation**: 335
- **population**: 2257
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.kaisten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eiken, Switzerland, Eiken, Frick, Switzerland, Frick, Ittenthal, Laufenburg, Germany, Laufenburg (DE-BW), Laufenburg, Switzerland, Laufenburg, Murg, Baden-Württemberg, Murg (DE-BW), Oeschgen, Sisseln, Sulz, Aargau, Sulz
Kallern

**Kallern** is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Kallern
- **municipality name**: Kallern
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Kallern COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Muri (district), Muri
- **postal code**: 5625
- **municipality code**: 4233
- **area**: 2.67
- **elevation**: 513
- **population**: 304
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.kallern.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bettwil, Boswil, Sarmenstorf, Uezwil, Waltenschwil
Killwangen

**Killwangen** is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

The village is in the Limmat river valley between Baden and Zürich.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Killwangen
- **municipality name**: Killwangen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Killwangen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 8956
- **municipality code**: 4030
- **area**: 2.43
- **elevation**: 393
- **population**: 1735
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.killwangen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Neuenhof, Aargau, Neuenhof, Oberrohrdorf, Spreitenbach, Würenlos
Limmat

The **Limmat** is a river in Switzerland that flows northwest until it joins into the river Aare north of the small town of Brugg.

Its name comes from Linth and Maag, the main tributaries of the lake of Zürich.

The main tributaries of the Limmat river are the Sihl (in Zürich) and the Reppisch (in Dietikon).

This river is one of the main providers of hydroelectric power in Switzerland.

## Towns near the river

- In the canton of Zürich:
    1. Zürich
    1. Oberengstringen
    1. Unterengstringen
    1. Schlieren
    1. Dietikon
    1. Geroldswil
    1. Oetwil an der Limmat
- In the canton of Aargau
    1. Spreitenbach
    1. Würenlos
    1. Neuenhof
    1. Wettingen
    1. Baden
    1. Ennetbaden
    1. Nussbaumen
    1. Untersiggenthal
    1. Turgi
Kirchleerau

**Kirchleerau** is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Kirchleerau
- **municipality name**: Kirchleerau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg
- **image caption**: Kirchleerau village church
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg
- **snow image**: Kirchleerau.jpg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zofingen (district), Zofingen
- **postal code**: 5054
- **municipality code**: 4275
- **area**: 4.36
- **population**: 784
- **elevation**: 512
- **website**: www.kirchleerau.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Moosleerau, Schlossrued, Schmiedrued, Staffelbach
Klingnau

**Klingnau** is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Klingnau
- **image photo**: Klingnau Altstadt 0077.jpg
- **image caption**: Klingnau
- **municipality name**: Klingnau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Klingnau.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5313
- **municipality code**: 4309
- **area**: 6.71
- **elevation**: 328
- **population**: 2924
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.klingnau.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Böttstein, Döttingen, Koblenz, Leuggern, Rietheim, Zurzach
Koblenz (disambiguation)

The name comes from the Latin  word "confluentiae" (= Eng. "confluence") and means the joining of two rivers. There are several places named **Koblenz**:

- the town Koblenz in the Rhineland at the confluence of the Rhine and Mosel
- the municipality Koblenz, Switzerland in Canton Aargau at the confluence of the Rhine and Aar
- the neighbourhood Knappensee-Koblenz, in the municipality Knappensee, district (Landkreis) Kamenz, Bundesland Sachsen
- the neighbourhood Koblenz (bei Schmölln, Thüringen) in the municipality Gößnitz (Thüringen), district (Landkreis) Altenburger Land, Bundesland Thüringen
Koblenz, Switzerland

**Koblenz** (or **Coblenz**) is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official municipality website (in German)

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Koblenz
- **municipality name**: Koblenz
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Koblenz AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5322
- **municipality code**: 4310
- **area**: 4.09
- **elevation**: 319
- **population**: 1589
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.koblenz.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Klingnau, Küssaberg (DE-BW), Leuggern, Rietheim, Waldshut-Tiengen (DE-BW)
Asshole

**Asshole** (or **arsehole** in British English) is slang for the anus and is also used as a word to hurt people's feelings. It's made up from the word _arse_, which has been used for a long time as another name for the anus. This was first added to the word _hole_ in the sixteenth century in books, but may have been used in talking a long time before that. By the 1970s, Hustler magazine featured people they did not like as "Asshole of the month."

## How it is used

Asshole is mainly used as a bad word towards someone that the speaker does not like.
You could not say "asshole" on normal television in the US until the early 1990s, but it was sometimes in PG-13 and R rated films before this.

## Political usage

In 2000, during a Labor Day event, George W. Bush made an off-hand remark to his running mate, Dick Cheney, that _New York Times_ reporter Adam Clymer was a "major league asshole."

## Rock songs using the word _asshole_

Gene Simmons of rock band Kiss released a solo album called _Asshole_ which also featured a song of the same name. Denis Leary also had a song called _Asshole_ in 1993.

## Similar words

Words similar to _asshole_ are _asshat_, _assclown_, _asstard_, _asspat_ and _asspit_.
Religious debates over the Harry Potter series

**Religious debates over the _Harry Potter_ series** of books by J. K. Rowling are usually because people say the books have occult or Satanic parts. These sayings come from some Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians. It also comes from Muslims who argue against the series.

A great number of people have replied to these claims. People who support the series say that the magic in _Harry Potter_ is not really like occultism. They say it is more like fairy tales like _Cinderella_ and _Snow White_. They also suggest that it is more like the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien. Both writers are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian values. Some argue that the _Harry Potter_ novels try hard not to discuss religion at all.

In the United States, people tried to get the books banned in schools. Their argument was that witchcraft is a registered religion, so letting the books in schools went against the separation of church and state. This then went to court to decide whether it was against the freedom of religion.

However, sometimes religion has supported the _Harry Potter_ series. "At least as much as they've been attacked from a theological point of view", says Rowling, "[the books] have been lauded (praised) and taken into pulpit, and most interesting and satisfying for me, it's been by several different faiths".

## Other websites

- hisvoicetoday.org  - Laura Mallory's official website
- Sword of Gryffindor: Home
Dr Pepper

**Dr Pepper** is a soft drink (soda) similar to Coca Cola in its color. Each can of Dr Pepper contains 150 calories.

## Dr Pepper's Slogans

- 1889–1914: "King of Beverages."
- 1920s–1940s: "Drink a Bite to Eat at 10, 2, and 4 o'clock."
- 1940s: "Good For Life."
- 1945: "Dr Pepper has 23 flavors"
- 1950s: "The Friendly Pepper Upper."
- 1960s: "America's Most Misunderstood Soft Drink."
- 1970s: "The Most Original Soft Drink Ever."
- 1977–1985: "I'm a Pepper, He's a Pepper, We're a Pepper.", "Be a Pepper.", "Wouldn't you like to Be a Pepper too?"
- c. 1986 "Out of the Ordinary. Like You."
- c. 1986 "Out of the Ordinary for Out of the Ordinary Bodies." (Diet Dr Pepper)
- 1986–1997: "Hold Out For the Out of the Ordinary."
- 1991: "Just what the Doctor ordered."
- c. 1997: "It's Dr Pepper Flavour, Silly!" Australia
- c. 1997: "Expect the Unexpected!" Australia
- 1997: "Now's the Time. This is the Place. Dr Pepper Is The Taste."
- 2000: "Dr Pepper, It Makes the World Taste Better."
- 2000–Present: "Just What The Dr Ordered."
- c. 2001 "Dr Pepper, so misunderstood"
- 2002–2004: "Be You."
- 2002–Present: "Solves All Your Problems." (used in Europe)
- 2003 "Dr Pepper, to try it is to love it" (used in the UK)
- 2004–Present "Dr Pepper, what's the worst that could happen?" (used in the UK)
- 2005–Present: "One Taste & You Get It."
- 2006: "Can You Handle The Taste?" (seen in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, and Poland)
- 2006: "Authentic blend of 23 flavors." USA, Canada
- 2006: "Dr Pepper, makes the world go round."
- 2006: "Dr Pepper, nothing better." USA
- 2006: "The Dr knows the right touch." (used in Europe)
- 2006: "There's more to it." USA
c. 2006: "Get Berried in Cream" USA (used for the new Berries and Cream flavor)
- 2007: "I Want It All." USA
- (2007): "El Dr muy bueno" Latin America
- (2008): "What's the worst that could happen?" Europe
- (2008): "Drink It Slow, Dr's Orders" (USA)
- (2009): "Trust me - I'm a Doctor." (ft. Julius Erving, Kelsey Grammer, Gene Simmons and Dr. Dre) USA
- (2009): UK based television advertising; Sung "Dr Pepper, What's the worst that could happen?" UK

## Websites

- Dr Pepper's Official website

## Infobox (beverage)

- **name**: Dr Pepper
- **type**: Soft drink
- **manufacturer**: Keurig Dr Pepper (2008–present; United States)
The Coca-Cola Company (United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea)
PepsiCo (Canada and Oceania)
- **distributor**: Keurig Dr Pepper
- **origin**: United States
- **discontinued**: No
- **color**: Caramel
- **flavor**: Proprietary combination of 23 flavors
- **related**: Pibb Xtra
 Dr. Wells
 Dr Thunder
- **caption**: A can of Dr Pepper
Pleujouse

**Pleujouse** was a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it is part of the new municipality of La Baroche.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Pleujouse
- **municipality name**: Pleujouse
- **municipality type**: former
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Pleujouse.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2953
- **municipality code**: 6799
- **area**: 1.82
- **elevation**: 580
- **population**: 92
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Charmoille, Switzerland, Charmoille, Fregiécourt, Asuel, Bourrignon, Pleigne
Porrentruy

**Porrentruy** () is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Jura. It is the seat of the district of the same name.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Porrentruy
- **municipality name**: Porrentruy
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Porrentruy COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Porrentruy.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2900
- **municipality code**: 6800
- **area**: 14.84
- **elevation**: 423
- **population**: 6593
- **populationof**: 2005
- **website**: www.porrentruy.ch
- **mayor**: Guenat Gérard
- **neighboring municipalities**: Fontenais, Bressaucourt, Courtedoux, Bure, Switzerland, Bure, Courchavon, Coeuve, Alle, Switzerland, Alle, Courgenay
Réclère

**Réclère** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Haute-Ajoie and district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Réclère
- **municipality name**: Réclère
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Reclere-Blazono.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2912
- **municipality code**: 6801
- **area**: 6.19
- **elevation**: 590
- **population**: 193
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Damvant, Grandfontaine, Switzerland, Grandfontaine, Roche-d'Or, Vaufrey(F)
Roche-d'Or

**Roche-d'Or** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Haute-Ajoie and district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Roche-d'Or
- **municipality name**: Roche-d'Or
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Roche-d-Or-Blazono.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2912
- **municipality code**: 6802
- **area**: 3.46
- **elevation**: 842
- **population**: 39
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Réclère, Grandfontaine, Switzerland, Grandfontaine, Rocourt, Chevenez, Vaufrey(F), Montursin(F), Vernois-le-Fol(F)
Rocourt

**Rocourt** was a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Rocourt merged into the municipality of Haute-Ajoie.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rocourt
- **image photo**: Rocourt-Bas.jpg
- **municipality name**: Rocourt
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Rocourt COA.svg
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2907
- **municipality code**: 6803
- **area**: 4.48
- **elevation**: 508
- **population**: 140
- **populationof**: 2003
- **neighboring municipalities**: Grandfontaine, Switzerland, Grandfontaine, Fahy, Chevenez, Roche-d'Or
Kölliken

**Kölliken** is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Kölliken
- **municipality name**: Kölliken
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Kölliken COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zofingen (district), Zofingen
- **postal code**: 5742
- **municipality code**: 4276
- **area**: 8.89
- **elevation**: 430
- **population**: 4048
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.koelliken.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gretzenbach (SO), Holziken, Muhen, Oberentfelden, Safenwil, Uerkheim
Künten

**Künten** is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Künten
- **municipality name**: Künten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Künten AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 5444
- **municipality code**: 4031
- **area**: 4.89
- **elevation**: 425
- **population**: 1578
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.kuenten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bellikon, Eggenwil, Fischbach-Göslikon, Niederwil, Aargau, Niederwil, Remetschwil, Stetten, Aargau, Stetten
Küttigen

**Küttigen** is a municipality of the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Küttigen
- **image photo**: Ref Kirche Kirchberg 8931.jpg
- **image caption**: Küttigen
- **municipality name**: Küttigen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat_of_arms_of_Kienberg_SO.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Aarau (district), Aarau
- **postal code**: 5024
- **municipality code**: 4008
- **area**: 11.89
- **elevation**: 408
- **population**: 5372
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.kuettigen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aarau, Biberstein, Densbüren, Erlinsbach, Oberhof, Switzerland, Oberhof, Rohr, Aargau, Rohr, Thalheim, Aargau, Thalheim
Saint-Ursanne

**Saint Ursanne** (population about 1,000) is a city and was a municipality, in the new municipality of Clos du Doubs and district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura, Switzerland. It has has kept its medieval style.

Its name refers to Saint Ursicinus, a 7th century monk who made a monastery there.

## Other websites

- Events and Culture program in St-Ursanne

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Saint-Ursanne
- **image photo**: Saint-Ursanne Stadt.jpg
- **municipality name**: Saint-Ursanne
- **municipality type**: city
- **imagepath coa**: StUrsanne Wappen.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Porrentruy (district), Porrentruy
- **postal code**: 2882
- **municipality code**: 6804
- **area**: 11.46
- **elevation**: 440
- **population**: 730
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **popofyear**: 2003
- **website**: www.jura.ch/st-ursanne
- **neighboring municipalities**: Seleute, Ocourt, Montmelon, Asuel, Montenol, Saint-Brais, Epauvillers
- **twintowns**: La Motte, Var (France)
Laufenburg, Aargau

**Laufenburg** is a municipality of the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is the capital city of the district with the same name.

Since 2010, Sulz is part of the municipality.

## Other websites

- Laufenburg (Baden)
- Laufenburg AG
- Laufenburg: Pictures

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Laufenburg
- **municipality name**: Laufenburg
- **municipality type**: city
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Laufenburg AG.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Laufenburg.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Laufenburg (district), Laufenburg
- **postal code**: 5080
- **municipality code**: 4170
- **area**: 2.28
- **elevation**: 315
- **population**: 2065
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.laufenburg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Kaisten, Switzerland, Kaisten, Laufenburg, Germany, Laufenburg (DE-BW), Sulz, Aargau, Sulz
Leibstadt

**Leibstadt** is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Leibstadt
- **municipality name**: Leibstadt
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Leibstadt COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5325
- **municipality code**: 4311
- **area**: 6.39
- **elevation**: 347
- **population**: 1282
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.leibstadt.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Dogern (DE-BW), Full-Reuenthal, Leuggern, Schwaderloch, Wil, Aargau, Wil
Leimbach, Aargau

**Leimbach** is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Leimbach
- **municipality name**: Leimbach
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Leimbach AG COA.svg
- **image photo**: 2012-08-28 Regiono Seetal (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 119.JPG
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Leimbach AG 2010.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Kulm (district), Kulm
- **postal code**: 5733
- **municipality code**: 4137
- **area**: 1.14
- **elevation**: 520
- **population**: 410
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.leimbach-ag.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gontenschwil, Reinach, Aargau, Reinach, Zetzwil
Lengnau

**Lengnau** may be one of the following municipalities in Switzerland:

- Lengnau, Aargau, in the District of Zurzach, Canton of Aargau
- Lengnau, Bern (also: _Lengnau bei Biel_), in the district of Büren an der Aare, Canton of Bern
Leuggern

**Leuggern** is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website of Leuggern

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Leuggern
- **municipality name**: Leuggern
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Leuggern.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Leuggern.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5316
- **municipality code**: 4313
- **area**: 13.76
- **elevation**: 332
- **population**: 2102
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.leuggern.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Böttstein, Full-Reuenthal, Klingnau, Koblenz, Leibstadt, Mandach, Waldshut-Tiengen (DE-BW), Wil, Aargau, Wil
Leutwil

**Leutwil** is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Leutwil
- **municipality name**: Leutwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Leutwil.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Leutwil 2010.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Kulm (district), Kulm
- **postal code**: 5725
- **municipality code**: 4138
- **area**: 3.75
- **elevation**: 613
- **population**: 718
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.leutwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Birrwil, Boniswil, Dürrenäsch, Hallwil, Zetzwil
Lengnau, Aargau

**Lengnau** is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lengnau
- **municipality name**: Lengnau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Lengnau AG.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lengnau.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5426
- **municipality code**: 4312
- **area**: 12.67
- **elevation**: 415
- **population**: 2434
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.lengnau-ag.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Baldingen, Switzerland, Baldingen, Böbikon, Endingen, Switzerland, Endingen, Freienwil, Obersiggenthal, Schneisingen, Unterehrendingen, Unterendingen, Wislikofen
- **twintowns**: Lengnau, Berne (Switzerland)
Linn, Aargau

**Linn** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Bözberg and district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Linn
- **municipality name**: Linn
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Linn AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district), Brugg
- **postal code**: 5224
- **municipality code**: 4103
- **area**: 2.54
- **elevation**: 570
- **population**: 146
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **neighboring municipalities**: Effingen, Gallenkirch, Schinznach-Dorf, Unterbözberg, Villnachern, Zeihen
Lupfig

**Lupfig** is a municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2018, the former municipality of Scherz merged into the municipality of Lupfig.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lupfig
- **municipality name**: Lupfig
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Lupfig.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district), Brugg
- **postal code**: 5242
- **municipality code**: 4104
- **area**: 5.15
- **elevation**: 399
- **population**: 1964
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.lupfig.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Birr, Switzerland, Birr, Birrhard, Hausen bei Brugg, Hausen, Holderbank, Aargau, Holderbank, Möriken-Wildegg, Mülligen, Scherz
480

#### Europe

- Odoacer stops an attempt by Julius Nepos to gain control of Italy again, and has Julius killed.
- Odoacer takes control of Dalmatia.
- Ireland: The Diocese of Connor is put up.

#### Asia

- Narasimhagupta Baladitya follows his father Skandagupta as king of the Gupta Empire.

## Births

- Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, a Christian philosopher, was born.
- Damascius, a Neoplatonist philosopher, was born.
- Gelimer, the last king of the Vandals, was born.
- Benedict of Nursia, an early monasticist, was born (approximate date)
- Scholastica, the twin sister of Benedict of Nursia, was born.
- Xiao Zhaowen, the emperor of China's Southern Qi Dynasty (who was often known as the Prince of Hailing), was born.

## Deaths

- Julius Nepos, the last legitimate Western Roman Emperor, was killed.
- Skandagupta, the ruler of the Gupta Empire, died.
Magden

**Magden** is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Magden
- **municipality name**: Magden
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Magden AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Rheinfelden (district), Rheinfelden
- **postal code**: 4312
- **municipality code**: 4253
- **area**: 11.04
- **elevation**: 325
- **population**: 3249
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.magden.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arisdorf (BL), Hersberg (BL), Maisprach (BL), Möhlin, Nusshof (BL), Olsberg, Switzerland, Olsberg, Rheinfelden, Switzerland, Rheinfelden, Wintersingen (BL)
Mägenwil

**Mägenwil** is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mägenwil
- **municipality name**: Mägenwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Mägenwil AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 5506
- **municipality code**: 4032
- **area**: 3.48
- **elevation**: 423
- **population**: 1791
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.maegenwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Birrhard, Brunegg, Hägglingen, Othmarsingen, Wohlenschwil
Mandach

**Mandach** is a municipality in Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mandach
- **municipality name**: Mandach
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Mandach AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district), Brugg
- **postal code**: 5318
- **municipality code**: 4105
- **area**: 5.54
- **elevation**: 489
- **population**: 319
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.mandach.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Böttstein, Hottwil, Leuggern, Villigen, Wil, Aargau, Wil
Meisterschwanden

**Meisterschwanden** is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Meisterschwanden
- **municipality name**: Meisterschwanden
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Meisterschwanden.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Lenzburg (district), Lenzburg
- **postal code**: 5616
- **municipality code**: 4202
- **area**: 6.86
- **elevation**: 505
- **population**: 2364
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.meisterschwanden.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beinwil am See, Birrwil, Fahrwangen, Sarmenstorf, Seengen
Mellikon

**Mellikon** is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mellikon
- **municipality name**: Mellikon
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Mellikon COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5465
- **municipality code**: 4314
- **area**: 2.70
- **elevation**: 357
- **population**: 255
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.mellikon.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Böbikon, Hohentengen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Küssaberg (DE-BW), Rekingen, Rümikon, Wislikofen
Mellingen

**Mellingen** is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mellingen
- **municipality name**: Mellingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Mellingen AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 5507
- **municipality code**: 4033
- **area**: 4.86
- **elevation**: 352
- **population**: 4447
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.mellingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Baden, Switzerland, Baden, Birmenstorf, Aargau, Birmenstorf, Fislisbach, Oberrohrdorf, Stetten, Aargau, Stetten, Tägerig, Wohlenschwil
Altoids

**Altoids** are a brand of breath mints and candies that have been sold since the 1800s in Europe. There are many different flavors and kinds of Altoids. They are produced by a company called MARRS and reached its popularity in the late 1980s or later.

### Mints

Mints are sold in tin boxes, are round, and come in four flavours in the sugary original variety (Peppermint, Cinnamon, Wintergreen, and Spearmint). While the Arctic variety, a more sugarless or healthy option (although contains sugar alcohols as a rather alternative sweetener), contain flavours such as Wintergreen, Peppermint, and Strawberry.

### Sours

Sours are hard candies that are round. They come in six flavors: Tangerine, Citrus, Raspberry, Apple, Mango, and Passion Fruit. They were discontinued in 2015. But they were later brought back by another company under the now modern name as Retro Sours.

### Gum

Altoids gum is sugar-free, which means there is no sugar inside the gum. They come in six flavors: Peppermint, Spearmint, Cinnamon, Wintergreen, Cherry, and Apple.

### Breath Strips

Breath Strips came in two flavors: Cinnamon and Peppermint. Since 2007, the product was discontinued, which means that the company is not selling them anymore.

## Other websites

The official Altoids website
Menziken

**Menziken** is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Since 2023, Burg became a part of Menziken.

## Other websites

- Webcams in Menziken

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Menziken
- **municipality name**: Menziken
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Menziken COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Kulm (district), Kulm
- **postal code**: 5737
- **area**: 6.38
- **elevation**: 544
- **population**: 5416
- **populationof**: 2006
- **website**: www.menziken.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beinwil am See, Beromünster (LU), Burg, Aargau, Burg, Gunzwil (LU), Pfeffikon (LU), Reinach, Aargau, Reinach, Rickenbach, Lucerne, Rickenbach (LU)
Merenschwand

**Merenschwand** is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

The municipality of Benzenschwil merged on 1 January 2012 into Merenschwand.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Merenschwand
- **municipality name**: Merenschwand
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Merenschwand COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Merenschwand 2012.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Muri (district), Muri
- **postal code**: 5634
- **municipality code**: 4234
- **area**: 11.05
- **elevation**: 396
- **population**: 2492
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.merenschwand.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aristau, Benzenschwil, Hünenberg (ZG), Mühlau, Muri, Aargau, Muri, Obfelden (ZH), Ottenbach (ZH)