juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mika Newton

**Oksana Stefanivna Hrytsai** (; born March 5, 1986), also known as **Mika Newton**, is a Ukrainian singer and actress. She represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 and was fourth place.

## _Eurovision 2011_

Newton was picked to represent Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany. She sang "Angel". It is a song by Ruslan Kvinta and Maryna Skomorohova.

In May 2011, in the final, Newton finished fourth with 159 points.

## Personal life

In December 2018, Newton married talent agent Chris Saavedra. Her sister, Liliya Hrytsai, has been serving in the Ukrainian army since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mika Newton
- **native name**: Мiка Ньютон
- **native name lang**: uk
- **caption**: Newton in 2011
- **image**: Mika Newton, ESC 2011.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Newton in 2011
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Oksana Stefanivna Hrytsai
- **origin**: Burshtyn, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Ukraine)
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Soul music, soul, pop rock, Eurodance, Europop
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070217171435/http://www.mikanewton.com/ www.mikanewton.com]
Quellón, Chile

**Quellón** is a commune, city and port of Chile. According to the Chilean census on 2002, Quellón has an area of  and 21,823 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The name of this city comes from the Mapudungun term _külon_, it means Maqui in Spanish.

## History

It was founded on 1905 by the distilling company _Quellón_ who extracted Alcohol from the forest trees.

This city is the most important port in Chiloé Island because there are industries dedicated to the salmon industry and the extraction of marine products from the sea.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Quellón

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Quellón
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Chile, City and Communes of Chile, Commune
- **image skyline**: Beautiful Quellon.JPG
- **imagesize**: 270px
- **image caption**: View of Quellón
- **flag alt**: Flag
- **image shield**: Escudo de Quellón.png
- **shield alt**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Comuna de Quellón.svg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map caption**: Location of the Quellón commune in Los Lagos Region
- **map alt**: Location of the Quellón commune in Los Lagos Region
- **coor pinpoint**: city
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Chile
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Los Lagos Region, Los Lagos
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Chiloé Province, Chiloé
- **established title**: Founded as
- **established date**: Llauquil
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Alcalde
- **leader party**: National Renewal (Chile), RN
- **leader name**: Iván Haro Uribe
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 3244
- **elevation m**: 5
- **population total**: 21823
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Urban area, Urban
- **population blank1**: 13656
- **population blank2 title**: Rural area, Rural
- **population blank2**: 8167
- **demographics type1**: Sex
- **demographics1 title1**: Men
- **demographics1 info1**: 11,595
- **demographics1 title2**: Women
- **demographics1 info2**: 10,228
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: −4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: −3
- **area code**: 56 + 65
- **website**: [http://www.municipalidadquellon.cl Municipality of Quellón]
San Pedro de la Paz

**San Pedro de la Paz** is a commune and city in Chile. According to the Chilean census in 2002, San Pedro de la Paz has an area of  and 80,447 inhabitants.

## History

San Pedro de la Paz was founded on 1604 by the Spaniard governor Alonso de Ribera but the commune was established on 1995.

## Other websites

- Municipality of San Pedro de la Paz

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: San Pedro de la Paz
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Chile, City and Communes of Chile, Commune
- **image flag**: Logosnpedro.png
- **flag alt**: Flag
- **image shield**: Escudo de San Pedro de la Paz.svg
- **shield alt**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Comuna de San Pedro de la Paz.svg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map alt**: Location of San Pedro de la Paz commune in the Biobío Region
- **map caption**: Location of San Pedro de la Paz commune in the Biobío Region
- **coor pinpoint**: city
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Chile
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Biobío Region, Biobío
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Concepción Province, Chile, Concepción
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Alcalde
- **leader party**: Independent (politician), Ind.
- **leader name**: Audito Retamal Lazo
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 112.5
- **population total**: 80447
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Urban area, Urban
- **population blank1**: 80159
- **population blank2 title**: Rural area, Rural
- **population blank2**: 288
- **demographics type1**: Sex
- **demographics1 title1**: Men
- **demographics1 info1**: 38,571
- **demographics1 title2**: Women
- **demographics1 info2**: 41,876
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: −4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: −3
- **area code**: 56 + 41
- **website**: [http://www.sanpedrodelapaz.cl Municipality of San Pedro de la Paz]
Reed

**Reed** may mean
- a family name or given name
- Reed (instrument)
- Reed (plant)
- Reed College

## Places

- Reed, Arkansas, United States
- Reed, California, United States
- Reed, Kentucky
- Reed, Wisconsin, United States
- Reed City, Michigan, United States
- Reed Creek, Georgia, United States
- Reed, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Reed, Norway
- Reed Point, Montana
- Reed Plantation, Maine, United States
- Reed Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States
Reed (plant)

**Reed** is a common name for tall, grass-like plants of wet places. They occur in **reed beds**. They are all members of the order Poales.

Reeds are many polyphyletic species, which have all adapted to this wet habitat by convergent evolution. It is a "form" name, not a technical botanical term.

_Phragmites australis_, the common reed, is used in many areas for thatching rooves (roofs). When thatched rooves were common, rivers were harvested for reeds every year. The reeds were stored in barns, and purchased by roofers for thatching.  In the United Kingdom, common reed used for this purpose is known as "Norfolk reed" or "water reed". However, "wheat reed" and "Devon reed" are not reeds but long-stemmed wheat straw.

In Britain, thatching began to be less used in the early 19th century. It was replaced by slates from quarries in Wales. Later still, slate tiles were replaced by the cheaper mass-manufactured plastic tiles.

## Types of reeds

Reeds come from many plants, all of which grow in or near to water. The many species come from these four families:
- Poaceae: the grasses
- Cyperaceae: the sedges
- Typhaceae
- Restionaceae
Erwin Helfer

**Erwin Helfer** (born January 21, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American boogie-woogie, blues and jazz pianist.

## Life

Erwin Helfer was born in Chicago and grew up there. In his younger life he was more interested in classical music than in blues. But grewing up in the 50s he got contact to blues anyway. He studied music at Tulane University in New Orleans, completing college with a degree in music. In New Orleans he studied also the local music style of the city.

He started his professional career with Estelle Yancey, who asked him to play with him. This was the beginning of a life long friendship.He was also mentored and influenced by Cripple Clarence Lofton, Speckled Red, and Sunnyland Slim. In the 1960s and 1970s he played with Jimmy Walker. In 1982 he started his own record label, Read Bean. There he released albums of  Estelle Yancey, Blind John Davis, Johnny "Big Moose" Walker and other Chicago blues artists. He was nominated for Blues Music Awards in 2003, for 'Comeback Blues Album of the Year', for his CD I'm Not Hungry But I Like To Eat - Blues. He still plays at different blues- and jazzfestivals all over the world.(Chicago Jazz Festival, 2005–2007; Hungary's Debrecen Jazz Festival, 2005, the Chicago Blues Festival, in June 2010, and all the years in Chicago's blues clubs.)

### own albums

- 1974 Blues, Boogie Woogie Piano Duets & Solos Flying Fish
- 1976 Boogie Piano Chicago Style Big Bear
- 1979 On the Sunny Side of the Street Flying Fish
- 1987 Chicago Piano Red Beans
- 2001 I'm Not Hungry but I Like to Eat - Blues Sirens
- 2003 St. James Infirmary (mit Skinny Williams) Sirens
- 2005 Careless Love The Sirens Records

### as sideman

- Mama Estella Yancey Maybe I'll Cry (1983)
- Howard & the White Boys Strung Out on the Blues (1995)
- 8 Hands on 88 Keys: Chicago Blues Piano Masters (2002)
- Heavy Timbre: Chicago Boogie Piano (2002)
- Barrelhouse Chuck Prescription for the Blues (2002)
- Ella Jenkins Sharing Cultures with Ella Jenkins (2003)
- Barrelhouse Chuck Chicago Blues Piano, Vol. 2 (2007)
- Andrew Calhoun Bound to Go (2008)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Erwin Helfer
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **instrument**: Piano
- **genre**: Blues, boogie woogie, Jazz
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1950s -
- **associated acts**: Estelle Yancey
- **url**: [http://www.erwinhelferpiano.com/ Erwin Helfer Official website]
Jean Harlow

**Jean Harlow** (born **Harlean Harlow Carpenter**; March 3, 1911 – June 7, 1937) was an American actress and sex symbol of the 1930s.

## Life

Harlow was born on March 3, 1911 in Kansas City, Missouri. She studied at Miss Barstow's Finishing School for Girls in Kansas City. Harlow was married to Charles McGrew in 1927. They divorced in 1930. On July 2, 1932, she married film producer Paul Bern, who committed suicide on September 5, 1932.

### Personal life

On September 13, 1933 she married Harold Rosson. They divorced on March 11, 1934. She had no children.

### Death

She died at the age 26 from renal failure on June 7, 1937 in Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites

- Jean Harlow tribute site
- Photographs and literature

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Harlow-publicity.jpg
- **birth name**: Harlean Harlow Carpenter
- **birth place**: Kansas City, Missouri
United States
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
United States
- **death cause**: Kidney failure
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California
- **spouse**: Charles McGrew
(m. 1927–1929; Divorce, divorced)
Paul Bern
(m. 1932; his death)
Harold Rosson
(m. 1933–1934; divorced)
- **partner**: William Powell
(1935–1937; her death)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1928–1937
I Gotta Feeling

"**I Gotta Feeling**" is a single released in 2009 by The Black Eyed Peas from their fifth studio album, _The E.N.D._ The song debuted at number 2 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 in the United States, and later hit number 1 on the U.S. charts. The song replaced the group's song, "Boom Boom Pow", at the top.  "I Gotta Feeling" stayed number one for fourteen weeks in the US and topped the charts in 14 other countries. It won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

In June 2018, the song was certified Diamond by the RIAA for 10 million combined units (streaming and sales) sold in the US.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I Gotta Feeling
- **artist**: The Black Eyed Peas
- **album**: The E.N.D.
- **released**: June 23, 2009
- **recorded**: 2008
- **length**: 4:49
4:05
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **prev title**: Boom Boom Pow
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Meet Me Halfway
- **next year**: 2009
Halloween II

***Halloween II*** is a 1981 American horror thriller movie. It is set in Illinois. It is the second movie in the _Halloween_ movie series.

## Cast

- Donald Pleasence as Dr. Sam Loomis
- Jamie Lee Curtis as Laurie Strode
- Nancy Loomis as Annie Brackett
- Charles Cyphers as Sheriff Lee Brackett
- Dick Warlock as Michael Myers ("the Shape")
Andrew Brunette

**Andrew Brunette** (born August 24, 1973 in Sudbury, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger that played a total of 1,100 career games in the National Hockey League (NHL).

He played in the OHL for 3 seasons with the Owen Sound Platers. He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 174th pick in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He has played in the NHL for the Washington Capitals for 3 seasons, the Nashville Predators for 1 season, the Atlanta Thrashers for 2 seasons, the Minnesota Wild for 6 seasons, the Colorado Avalanche for 3 seasons and the Chicago Blackhawks for 1 season. He was signed to a one-year contract by the Chicago Blackhawks on July 1, 2011 to a one-year contract.

Brunette retired from professional ice hockey on February 13, 2013 and decided to take up the position of Hockey Operations Advisor to the Minnesota Wild.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: Washington Capitals
Nashville Predators
Atlanta Thrashers
Minnesota Wild
Colorado Avalanche
Chicago Blackhawks
- **position**: winger (hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 212
- **birth place**: Greater Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: 174th overall
- **draft year**: 1993
- **draft team**: Washington Capitals
- **career start**: 1993
- **career end**: 2012
- **image**: BLHN - Andrew Brunette 45.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Andrew Brunette in 2012
John Greenleaf Whittier

**John Greenleaf Whittier** (December 17, 1807 – September 7, 1892) was an American poet.  He was from Haverhill, Massachusetts and was a Quaker.  Like many Quakers, Whittier believed that slavery was wrong.  Whittier was active in the movement to end American slavery, and was a member of the anti-slavery Liberty Party.

## Literary works

Many of his poems are about slavery.  During the American Civil War, Whittier wrote a poem called "Barbara Frietchie".  Later in life, Whittier wrote a poem called "Snowbound".  Whittier was one of the people who founded _The Atlantic Monthly_.  The city of Whittier, California was named for Whittier when he was still living, and the town of Whittier, Alaska is also named for him.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: John Greenleaf Whittier
- **image**: John Greenleaf Whittier BPL ambrotype, c1840-60-crop.jpg
- **birth place**: Haverhill, Massachusetts, United States
- **death place**: Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, United States
- **occupation**: editor-in-chief, Editor, poet
Fukuoka Prefectural Yahata High School

is in Kitakyūshū ward, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is often called  for short.

This school has general course and science and mathematics course. The science and mathematics course is certified as SSH by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Technology.
This school is considered as top and high reputable school in this area.

## Outline

Most Yahata High School students apply and get through the examination of the national university. This school has one of the top reputations among public high schools in Kitakyushu city (along with Touchiku High School and Kokura High School) because a large number of graduates continue on to National University, for example, Kyusyu University, one of the top public universities in Japan.

## History

Fukuoka High School was founded in 1919 under the former Japanese educational system in which children went directly to high school after graduating from elementary school.
Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers

***Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers*** is a 1989 American horror movie. It is set in a fictional Illinois town called Haddonfield. This is the fifth movie in the _Halloween_ movie series. The film's story begins exactly one year after the previous movie. The Shape returns to kill his niece, but Samuel Loomis and Sheriff Meeker manage to intervene.
Kazutoshi Sakurai

is a Japanese musician and entrepreneur. He composes and writes almost all of the songs for his band, Mr. Children. He also writes songs and sings for Bank Band, a solo project. In 2006, he was number eight in HMV's "Top 30 Best Japanese Singers of All Time". In 2007 he was voted number four as the "ideal father image" by Oricon. In 2009, he was picked to be one of the Young Global Leaders in World Economic Forum. He co-founded the non-profit lending group AP Bank. AP Bank gives money to environmentally friendly projects.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kazutoshi Sakurai
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Pop music, pop
- **occupation**: Musician, singer-songwriter, composer, record producer, entrepreneur
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **label**: Toy's Factory
- **associated acts**: Mr. Children, Bank Band, Acid Test
- **url**: [http://www.mrchildren.jp Mr.Children Official Web Site]
Diplura

The **Diplura** are a biological order. It is one of the four groups of hexapods, with insects, springtails and Protura.

The Dipleura are sometimes called "two-pronged bristletails". About 800 species have been described, of which around 70 occur in North America, 12 in Great Britain and two in Australia.
Halloween (2007 movie)

The 2007 version of ***Halloween*** is a remake of the 1978 movie of the same name and the ninth in the _Halloween_ franchise. This remake stars Tyler Mane as the adult Michael Myers. The 2007 remake follows the premise of the original movie: Myers stalks Laurie and her friends on Halloween night in Illinois. Despite mostly negative reviews, the 2007 remake grossed well over $80 million, making this the highest grossing _Halloween_ movie of the series.

The movie was directed by Rob Zombie, who also directed a sequel released in 2009.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Halloween
- **director**: Rob Zombie
- **screenplay**: Rob Zombie
- **music**: Tyler Bates
John Carpenter <small>(themes)</small>
- **cinematography**: Phil Parmet
- **editing**: Glenn Garland
- **distributor**: The Weinstein Company
- **runtime**: 110 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $15 million
- **gross**: $80.4 million
Halloween II (2009 movie)

***Halloween II*** is a slasher movie. It is a sequel to the 2007 remake. The 2009 movie is a continuation of the 2007 remake and goes forward by one year. In the movie, Michael Myers continues his search for Laurie Strode so he can reunite with his sister. This movie got negative reviews from critics when it was released.
Yersinia

***Yersinia*** is a bacterium in the large family of bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae. _Yersinia pestis_ is the type genus. _Yersinia pestis_ is also the cause of the bubonic plague, one of the most dreaded diseases of the 18th century. _Yersinia enterocolitica_ causes the disease yersiniosis.
Gammaproteobacteria

**Gammaproteobacteria** are a large group of bacteria. They include important bacteria, such as _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ and _Fransicella tuarensis_. They are gram-negative bacteria.
Francisella

***Francisella*** is a genus of bacteria in its own family, the _Francisellaceae_, which is placed in the _Gammaproteobacteria_ order _Thiotrichales_. _F. tularensis_ is the cause of the serious infectious disease tularemia.
Flacourtiaceae

**Flacourtiaceae** was a family of flowering plants, whose former members have been scattered to various other families, are now divided into other families like the Salicaceae, in the willow family.
Crotonoideae

***Crotonoideae*** is in the large order _Malpighiales_. It is a subfamily of the large and diverse family _Euphorbiaceae_. It includes crotons (_Codiaeum_) and hogworts (_Croton_).
Melastomataceae

***Melastomataceae*** is a large family in the order _Myrtales_. There are about 200 genera and 4,000 species. It is the eighth largest family in the basal Angiosperms. Plants in the family are called Melastomes.
The New Revolution (roller coaster)

**The New Revolution** (formerly known as **Revolution**, **Great American Revolution**, and **La Revolución**) is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. Manufactured by Anton Schwarzkopf and designed by Werner Stengel, the roller coaster opened to the public on May 8, 1976. The New Revolution is the world's first modern roller coaster to feature a vertical loop and has been recognized for that accomplishment by American Coaster Enthusiasts (ACE), who awarded the roller coaster its Coaster Landmark status.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: The New Revolution
- **image**: SFMM- New Revolution 4.jpg
- **caption**: The New Revolution
- **location**: Six Flags Magic Mountain
- **section**: Baja Ridge
- **type**: Steel
- **status**: Operating
- **manufacturer**: Anton Schwarzkopf
- **designer**: Werner Stengel
- **model**: Looping roller coaster
- **track**: Terrain roller coaster, Terrain
- **lift**: Chain lift hill
- **height ft**: 113
- **drop ft**: 83
- **length ft**: 3457
- **speed mph**: 55
- **inversions**: 1
- **duration**: 79 seconds
- **angle**: 45
- **capacity**: 1400
- **cost**: $2,000,000
- **restriction in**: 48
- **gforce**: 4.9
- **carspertrain**: 5
- **rowspercar**: 2
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **theme**: America
- **virtual queue name**: Flash Pass
- **virtual queue image**: Fastpass availability icon.svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
- **single rider**: available on most days
- **transfer accessible**: available
- **rcdb number**: 130
- **previousnames**: Revolution (1988–2015), La Revolución (1981–1987), Great American Revolution (1976–1980)
- **trains**: 2
MP Xpress

**MP Xpress** is a steel roller coaster at Movie Park Germany. The ride is in _The Old West_ section of the park and was previously named _Eraser_ (2001–2004) and _FX_ (2005).

## Ride information

MP Xpress has a length of 2,260 feet (689 meter), a max speed of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) and one ride takes 1 minute and 26 seconds. The coaster has 5 inversions, first, a _Roll Over_, then a _Sidewinder_ and finally a _Double In-Line Twist_. MP Xpress rides with 2 trains, each having 10 cars, capable of carrying 2 people. MP Xpress can process 1040 people per hour.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: MP Xpress
- **image**: MoviePark_Xpress.JPG
- **imagedimensions**: 250px
- **location**: Movie Park Germany
- **locationarticle**: Movie Park Germany
- **section**: The Old West
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Inverted
- **status**: Operating
- **manufacturer**: Vekoma
- **model**: Suspended Looping Coaster (689m Standard)
- **height m**: 33.3
- **length m**: 689
- **speed km/h**: 80
- **inversions**: 5
- **duration**: 1:36
- **capacity**: 1040
- **trains**: 2
- **carspertrain**: 10
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **rcdb number**: 969
Primula

***Primula*** is a genus of 400–500 species of low-growing herbs in the family Primulaceae. They include primrose, cowslip and oxlip.

Many species are grown for their ornamental flowers. They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America.

Perennial primulas bloom mostly during the spring; their flowers can be purple, yellow, red, pink, or white. Generally, they prefer filtered sunlight. Many species are adapted to alpine climates.

The word _primula_ is the Latin feminine diminutive of _primus_, meaning first (prime), applied to flowers that are among the first to open in spring.

Primroses are used as food plants by the larvae (caterpillars) of some Lepidoptera species.

Some flowering forms of (cultivated) _Primula_ are commonly known as polyanthus (_P. elatior_ hybrids) as opposite to primrose (_P. vulgaris_ hybrids).

## Heterostyly

The common primrose, _Primula vulgaris_, shows heterostyly. This is a type of morphism with flower forms which differ in the lengths of the pistil and stamens.

The morph phenotype is genetically closely linked to genes responsible for a system of self-incompatibility. That means the pollen from a flower on one morph cannot fertilize another flower of the same morph.

In one morph (termed **'pin**') the stamens are short and the pistils are long; in the second morph (termed **'thrum**') the stamens are long and the pistils are short. The length of the pistil in one morph equals the length of the stamens in the second morph, and vice versa. The system prevents self-fertilisation.

All sections of the genus _Primula_ have heterostyle species, altogether 354 species out of 419. Since heterostyly is characteristic of nearly all races or species, the system is at least as old as the genus.
Protura

The **Protura** are an order of hexapod animals. They are sometimes called _coneheads_

They were once thought to be insects, and sometimes treated as a class in their own right.

There is some evidence that the Protura are basal to all other hexapods, although the hexapods may be polyphyletic.
Luciano Moggi

**Luciano Moggi** (born July 10, 1937 in Siena) is an Italian football managing director. He was the general director of Juventus F.C. from 1994 until May 2006. He was one of the most successful football managing directors.

On June 2011 Luciano Moggi has been banned from all Italian football for life by Italian football federation.

## Career

- 1979-1980: Roma
- 1980-1982: Lazio
- 1982-1987: Torino
- 1987-1991: Napoli
- 1991-1993: Torino
- 1993-1994: Roma
- 1994-2006: Juventus
The Brunts School

**The Brunts Academy** is a secondary school in Mansfield, England. It is a performing arts college. The school teaches in drama, music and dance. It used to be a grammar School and a technical school. The school started by Samuel Brunts in 1709. One of its former students, Rebecca Addlington, won two gold medals in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## History

The Brunts Academy started as primary/first school in 1687. It had funds of 100 pounds. This was a large amount of money at the time.  In 1709, Samuel Brunts' will said that he wanted the local children to "learn an Honest Trade" and get a good job. This led to the Brunts' estate having up with 40 boys and girls learning reading, writing and maths by 1831. The girls also learned knitting and sewing. 60 years later, the estate and the school were combined. In 1891, the school was called Brunts Technical School.

In 1830 "Brunts Charity" owned buildings and land in East Bridgford, Nottingham's marketplace and at Claypool in Lincolnshire. It was the richest of all the charitable organisations in Mansfield in 1832.

A new building was built in 1891. In 1976, Brunts Grammar School became a secondary/second school.

In 2012, the name changed to The Brunts Academy.

## Today

The school's students come from several schools known as 'the family of schools'. They include King Edward School, Sutton Road School, St Peter's (C of E) School, High Oakham School and Newgate Primary School.

The school's uniform has a green blazer/jacket. The school colours are green and gold. Its logo is a griffin with its back two legs inside a shield. The shield has _Nil Mortalibus Ardui Est_ around the logo. This is the school's Latin motto. It means "nothing is impossible for humankind".

In 2002, there were nearly 1500 students in the school. Only a small number of the students were aged 16 years or below. The school gained 57% A-C passes. Only a small amount of the students did not pass. This was 5% higher than the England average and 10% better than the United Kingdom average.

The school is known for having a large number of white students compared with the national average. Nearly all of its students are from England.

### Alumni

- Rebecca Adlington, won two Gold Medals in the 2008 Olympic Games
- Arthur Bown (1921-1924) Conductor
- Mark Bryant - cartoonist/Artist
- Sir Richard Leese - Leader of Manchester City Council
- Nigel Francis Lightfoot, (1945-) Microbiologist
- Jim McGrath, Television commentator
- Adrian Metcalfe (1942-) Athlete. Won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics
- Sally Abe, chef
Steve Montador

**Steve Montador** (December 21, 1979 – February 15, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman.

He has also played in the OHL for 5 seasons; 2 for the North Bay Centennials, 2 for the Erie Otters and 1 for the Peterborough Petes. He made his NHL debut with the Calgary Flames during 2001–02 NHL season. He went on to play 4 seasons with the Calgary Flames before he was traded to the Florida Panthers along with Dustin Johner for Kristian Huselius. During the 2007-08 offseason, he signed as a free agent with the Anaheim Ducks. He was traded by the Ducks at the trade deadline to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Petteri Nokelainen. He signed as a free agent with the Buffalo Sabres in the 2008-09 offseason and played 2 seasons with them before signing with the Chicago Blackhawks during the 2010-11 offseason. He played a season with the Blackhawks and his contract was bought out on June 28, 2013.

Montador signed a one-year deal in with KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the KHL.

Montador died on February 15, 2015. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Montador had been suffering from Stage 3 chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Steve Montador 9 17 11.jpg
- **caption**: Montador while practicing with the Blackhawks
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Calgary Flames
Scorpions de Mulhouse, Mulhouse Scorpions
Florida Panthers
Anaheim Ducks
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Chicago Blackhawks
KHL Medveščak Zagreb, Medveščak Zagreb
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 211
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **death place**: Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2000
- **career end**: 2014
The Sea Hawk (1924 movie)

***The Sea Hawk*** is a 1924 silent drama movie that was produced and directed by Frank Lloyd. It was released on June 14, 1924 in North America. The movie is based on the book _The Sea Hawk_ by Rafael Sabatini.

## Background

The movie is based on _The Sea Hawk_, a novel by Rafael Sabatini. It premiered on June 2, 1924, in New York City. Its theatrical debut occurred twelve days later. A movie with the same title (but an entirely different story) was made in 1940. It stars Errol Flynn. The studio spliced some key battle scenes from the 1924 movie into the remake.  The life-sized replicas were considered so well recreated, that Warner Bros repeatedly used them in later nautical films. The full-sized ship replicas cost the studio $200,000. The ocean scenes were shot off the coast of California's Catalina Island, with 150 tents set up on the island for housing and support of the movie's 1,000 extras, 21 technicians, 14 actors, and 64 sailors.

## Story

At the instigation of his half brother Lionel (Lloyd Hughes), Oliver Tressilian (Milton Sills), a rich baronet, is shanghaied and blamed for the death of Peter Godolphin (Wallace MacDonald), brother of Oliver's fiancée, whom Lionel actually has slain. At sea, Oliver is captured by Spaniards and made a galley slave, but when he escapes to the Moors he becomes Sakr-el-Bahr, the scourge of Christendom. Learning of Rosamund's (Enid Bennett) impending marriage to his half brother, he kidnaps both of them, but to avoid the risk of giving her to Asad-ed-Din (Frank Currier), the Basha of Algiers, he surrenders to a British ship. Rosamund intercedes to save his life, and following the death of Lionel they are married.
Epidemic typhus

**Epidemic typhus** is a disease caused by the bacterium _Rickettsia prowazekii_. It is one of the diseases known as Typhus, the other is endemic typhus. Sometimes it is mistaken for an unrelated disease with a similar name, Typhoid fever. The disease is spread by lice and fleas. Without treatment, as many as 60% of people who get the disease could die.

## Signs of the disease

The signs of epidemic typhus include:
- Chills
- Cough
- Fever
- Pain in the joints
- Pain in muscles
- Eyes sensitive to light
- Low blood pressure
- Rash
- Headache
- Stupor
Paratyphoid fever

**Paratyphoid fever**, also known as **enteric fever**, is a waterborne disease. It is caused by the bacterium _Salmonella paratyphi_. It is related to typhoid fever, but like typhoid, it is unrelated to typhus. Symptoms include:

- Fever,
- Abdominal pain
- Swelling of the liver or spleen
- Slow heart rate.

The disease is rarely fatal and people usually recover in a few days, but some people can carry the bacteria for months.
Pemphigus

**Pemphigus** is an extremly rare skin disease. It happens because the antibodies attack the skin cells.  It is an autoimmune disease.  It causes blisters and sores on the skin.

There are three types of pemphigus.  Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common type. It is more common in Ashkenazi Jews.
Sunnyland Slim

**Albert "Sunnyland Slim" Luandrew** (September 5, 1907 – March 17, 1995) was an American blues pianist from the Mississippi delta. He later went to Chicago where he became one of the most important piano players in Chicago's blues scene. Sunnyland Slim was one of the most important persons in Chicago blues history, but he really never became a star because he did most of his work as sideman.

## Life

He was born on a farm near Vance, Mississippi. He taught himself to play piano and organ and began playing in a local church when he was 14. Soon played in juke joints in the whole delta area. In 1925 he went to Memphis, Tennessee where he played with local musicians like Little Brother Montgomery and Ma Rainey. There he also got his stage name writing a song about the Sunnyland train which ran between  Memphis and St. Louis, Missouri. In 1942 he went to Chicago.

As the electric blues began Sunnyland Slim played with blues musicians like  Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Robert Lockwood, Jr., and Little Walter. Muddy Waters partially owed his recording career at Chess Records to Sunnyland Slim who introduced him to the Chess brothers at his own birthday party. His first recording was  as a singer with Jump Jackson's band on the Specialty label in September 1946 and his first recording as band leader was in 1947. Between 1948 and 1956 he recorded for Hytone, Opera, Chance, Tempo-Tone, Mercury, Apollo, JOB, Regal, Vee-Jay (unissued), Blue Lake, Club 51, Cobra. In 1988 he was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship. He went on touring and recording till his death in 1995.

## Discography

- 1969  _Midnight Jump _ Beat Goes On
- 1969  _Slim's Got His Thing Goin' on _ Sequel
- 1969  _Slim's Shout _ Prestige/Original Blues Classics
- 1971  _Depression Blues_  Festival Records
- 1973  _Plays Ragtime Blues _ BluesWay
- 1975  _Sunnyland Slim & Little Brother Montgomery _ 77 Records
- 1977  _She Got That Jive _ Airway Records
- 1979  _Patience Like Job_  Airway Records
- 1986  _Chicago Jump _ Evidence
- 1989  _Be Careful How You Vote _ Earwig
- 1991  _Live in Europe _ Airway Records
- 1994  _Decoration Day _ Evidence
- 1994  _Chicago Blues Sessions _ Southland (Select-O-Hits)
- 1995  _Live at the D.C. Blues Society _ Mapleshade Records
- 1995  _Sunnyland Train_  Evidence
- 1998  _She Got a Thing Goin' On_  Blind Pig
- 1999  _Smile on My Face_  Delmark
- 2006  _Blues Legends Live _ Mapleshade Records

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sunnyland Slim
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Albert Luandrew
- **birth place**: Vance, Mississippi
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **instrument**: Piano
- **genre**: Blues, boogie woogie
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1920s -1990s
- **label**: Hytone, Opera, Chance, Tempo-Tone, Mercury, Apollo, JOB, Regal, Blue Lake, Club 51, Cobra,Delmark, Blind Pig
- **associated acts**: Estelle Yancey, Muddy Waters
- **url**: [http://www.erwinhelferpiano.com/ Erwin Helfer Official website]
Beth Hart

**Beth Hart** (born January 24, 1974 in Los Angeles, California) is an American singer. Her music influences  are rock and blues.

Beth Hart started with playing in LA clubs where she met with bassist Tal Herzberg and guitarist Jimmy Khoury. In 1993 she created her first album. Beth Hart is married and currently lives in Los Angeles. Her band includes lead guitarist Jon Nichols, bassist Tom Lilly, and drummer Todd Wolf.

### Albums

- _Beth Hart and the Ocean of Souls_ (1993)
- _Immortal_ (1996)
- _Screamin' for My Supper_ (1999)
- _Leave the Light On_ (2003)
- _37 Days_ (2007)
- _My California_ (2010)
- _Don't Explain_ with Joe Bonamassa (2011)
- _Bang Bang Boom Boom_ (2012)
- _Seesaw_ with Joe Bonamassa (2013)
- _Better Than Home_ (2015)
- _Fire on the Floor_ (2016)
- _Black Coffee_ with Joe Bonamassa (2018)
- _War in My Mind_ (2019)
- _A Tribute to Led Zeppelin_ (2022)
- _You Still Got Me_ (2024)

### Singles

- "Run" (1996)
- "Immortal" (1996)
- "Summer Is Gone" (1996)
- "God Bless You" (1996)
- "Am I The One" (1996)
- "LA Song (Out of This Town)" (1999)
- "Delicious Surprise" (2000)
- "Leave The Light On" (2003)
- "World Without You" (2004)
- "Learning To Live" (2004) (Denmark single)
- "Hiding Under Water" (2005) (European Single)
- "Good As It Gets" (2007) (European Single)
- "Over You" (2007)
- "Like You (And Everyone Else)" 2010 (Scandinavia)
- "Learning To Live" 2010 (USA)
- "Life Is Calling" 2010 (Europe)
- "Love Is The Hardest" 2010 (Scandinavia)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Beth Hart
- **img**: Beth Hart performing, 24 novembre 2010 (1).jpg
- **img capt**: Beth Hart, Notodden Blues Festival 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Beth Hart
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, guitar, bass guitar, bass, cello, percussion
- **genre**: Blues rock, jazz fusion, Soul music, soul, Storyteller
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, songwriter, musician, Painting, painter
- **label**: 143 Records
Lava Records
Atlantic Records,
Koch records
mascot records
- **url**: [http://www.bethhart.com/ BethHart.com]
Hotspot

**Hotspot** may mean one of these:

- Hotspot (geology)
- Hotspot (computers)
Horse training

**Horse training** describes what people do to get horses to do particular tasks. This includes training them to let people ride on their backs, or to pull carts and wagons. Horses have to be trained to accept a bridle or a saddle. Historically, horses were trained for transport, farm work, warfare and sport. In modern times, sport and recreation are the main reason horses are trained.

There is a lot of argument about horse training. Some ways are now thought to be cruel, and terms like **horse breaking** are also out of favour.
Coburg, Victoria

**Coburg** is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is about 8km north of the Melbourne central business district. In 2006 there were 22,772 people living in the suburb. It is a part of the City of Moreland local government area.

Before European settlement the Coburg area was home to the Indigenous Australian Wurundjeri people. The area was first surveyed in 1837-8 by Robert Hoddle. The area was first called Pentridge, after the town of Pentridge, Dorset, England.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: suburb
- **name**: Coburg
- **city**: Melbourne
- **state**: vic
- **image**: File:Melbourne City from Pentridge Boulevard 2020.jpg
- **caption**: Coburg looking towards the City of Melbourne 2020
- **lga**: City of Darebin
- **lga2**: City of Merri-bek
- **alternative location map**: Australia Victoria metropolitan Melbourne
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in metropolitan Melbourne
- **postcode**: 3058
- **pop**: 26,574
- **elevation**: 63
- **area**: 7
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Pascoe Vale, Pascoe Vale
- **stategov2**: Electoral district of Preston, Preston
- **fedgov**: Division of Cooper, Cooper
- **fedgov2**: Division of Wills, Wills
- **dist1**: 8
- **dir1**: N
- **location1**: Melbourne central business district, Melbourne
- **near-nw**: Coburg North, Victoria, Coburg North
Pascoe Vale, Victoria, Pascoe Vale
- **near-n**: Coburg North, Victoria, Coburg North
- **near-ne**: Preston, Victoria, Preston
- **near-w**: Pascoe Vale South, Victoria, Pascoe Vale South
- **near-e**: Preston, Victoria, Preston
- **near-sw**: Brunswick West, Victoria, Brunswick West
- **near-s**: Brunswick, Victoria, Brunswick
- **near-se**: Brunswick East, Victoria, Brunswick East
Thornbury, Victoria, Thornbury
- **local map**: yes
- **zoom**: 12
Proxy

**Proxy** has different meanings when talking about different subjects:

Basically, "proxy" means "stands for".
- In computing, a proxy server  is a server which clients use to access other computers.
- A proxy marriage is when two people are getting married separately, but are getting married to one another.
- A proxy murder is when a person murders on behalf of someone else.
- A proxy vote is when a person votes on behalf of someone else, usually occurring in public and private companies requiring votes for decisions.
- A web proxy is a server that fetches web pages for a user. Web proxies often hide your browser history and can bypass local internet restrictions.
Proxy murder

A **proxy murder** is when a person murders on behalf of someone else. _Proxy_ comes from the Latin word _procuratio,_ which means _to take care of_.

An example of this would be an assassin killing for money.  Another example would be a person who convinces someone who loves them to kill another person for them. Another example was in prisons where criminals in prison would act as the executioner for people sentenced to death. Lady Betty (1750—1807) was a famous hangwoman and prisoner in the Roscommon Gaol. The Nazis used proxy killings in World War II when they got prisoners to shoot Jewish prisoners instead of doing it themselves. The prisoners were told if they did not do it they would be shot as well.

A documentary movie called _Murder by Proxy_, which looks at mass killings in the US, was made in 2009.
Banded iron formation

**Banded iron formations** (or **BIF**s) are a distinctive type of rock often found in Precambrian sedimentary rocks.

They consist of repeated thin layers of iron oxides, either magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) or hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), alternating with bands of iron-poor shale and chert.

Some of the oldest known rock formations, formed over 3,700 million years ago (mya), include banded iron layers. The banded layers are a common feature in sediments for much of the Earth's early history.

## Relation to atmospheric oxygenation

The formations are abundant around the time of the Great Oxygenation Event, 2,400 mya. They become less common after 1,800 mya.

The total amount of oxygen locked up in the banded iron beds is estimated to be perhaps twenty times the volume of oxygen present in the modern atmosphere of Earth. Banded iron beds are an important commercial source of iron ore, such as the Pilbara region of Western Australia, the Animikie Group in Minnesota and Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil.

## Origins

The conventional concept is that the _banded iron_ layers were formed in sea water as the result of oxygen released by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. This combined with dissolved iron in Earth's oceans to form insoluble iron oxides. These precipitated out, forming a thin layer on the substrate, which may have been anoxic mud (forming shale and chert). Each band is similar to a varve: the banding is assumed to result from cyclic variations in available oxygen.

It is assumed that the Earth started out with vast amounts of iron dissolved in the world's acidic seas. Iron is much more soluble than its oxides.

Eventually, as photosynthetic organisms generated oxygen, the available iron in the Earth's oceans was precipitated out as iron oxides.

At the tipping point where the oceans became permanently oxygenated, small variations in oxygen production produced pulses of free oxygen in the surface waters, alternating with pulses of iron oxide deposition.
Biggles

***Biggles*** is a series of young adult adventure books. It was written by W. E. Johns. The series is named after the nickname of the main character, James Bigglesworth, who is a pilot and adventurer. There are around 100 Biggles books in total. The first Biggles book, _The Camels are Coming_, was published in 1932 and is a collection of short Biggles stories.

## Infobox (novel series)

- **name**: Biggles
- **author**: W. E. Johns
- **country**: Great Britain
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Adventure, War
- **media type**: Print
Greenstone belt

**Greenstone belts** are large regions of very ancient metamorphosed volcanic rocks. The name comes from the green colour of the minerals in the rocks. Chlorite, actinolite and other green amphiboles are the typical green minerals.

Greenstone belts were originally formed of igneous rocks, such as basalt. The belts formed at ancient oceanic spreading centers and in volcanic island arcs. They may be several thousand kilometres long. Later, they were metamophosed, with minor sedimentary rocks in-between the volcanic formations.

Those greenstone belts which formed in ancient oceans are now found on land in Archaean and Proterozoic cratons between granite and gneiss bodies.
The rocks are mafic, meaning they are high in magnesium and silica.
Craton

A **craton** is the oldest part of a continental plate. It is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere.

After surviving cycles of merging and rifting of continents, cratons are usually found in the interiors of tectonic plates. They are composed of ancient crystalline basement rock, which may be covered by younger sedimentary rock. They have a thick crust and deep roots that extend as much as several hundred kilometers into the Earth's mantle.

_Cratonic lithosphere is much older than oceanic lithosphere_ – up to 4 billion years versus 180 million years.

The term _craton_ is used to distinguish the stable portion of the continental crust from regions that are more geologically active and unstable. Cratons can be described as **shields**, in which the basement rock crops out at the surface, and **platforms**, in which the basement is overlain by sediments and sedimentary rock.

Cratons are subdivided geographically into geologic **provinces**. A geologic province is an area with common geologic properties.
Petrology

**Petrology** is a type of geology. It is concerned with rocks, how they form, and how they are used. It is between mineralogy, which is concerned with the minerals, in rocks, and geology, which tries to put rocks into a larger context.
Domitian II

**Domitianus** was probably a Roman soldier who was acclaimed emperor during the reign of Aurelian.

He was in northern Gaul in late 270 or early 271 AD. He struck gold coins to advertise his claim to the throne. This claimant did not survive the year. He is mentioned by the Byzantine historian Zosimus and also in the _Historia Augusta_, a collection of biographies.