juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Winthrop Sargent

**Winthrop Sargent** (May 1, 1753 – June 3, 1820) was a United States patriot, politician, and writer. He was a member of the Federalist party.
James Taylor (planter)

**James Taylor** (born 29 March 1835 in Kincardineshire - died 2 May 1892 in Kandy) was a Scottish man who brought tea plantations to Sri Lanka (Ceylon). He arrived in Ceylon in 1852 and landed in Loolecondera. He lived in Sri Lanka until his death (more than half of his lifetime). He worked with Thomas Lipton, another Scottish immigrant, to grow the tea industry in Sri Lanka.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James Taylor
- **image**: Jamestaylor1.jpg
- **caption**: James Taylor in Kandy, Sri Lanka in 1860s
- **birth name**: James Taylor
- **birth date**: 29 March 1835
- **birth place**: Mosspark, Auchenblae, Kincardineshire, Scotland
- **death place**: Kandy, British Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka)
- **known for**: _First tea plantation to British Ceylon (Sri Lanka)_
S. J. V. Chelvanayakam

**Samuel James Veluppillai Chelvanayakam** (also spelled Chelvanayagam,  31 March 1898 -  26 April 1977) was a Ceylonese lawyer and politician. He was Tamil. He was a Member of Parliament and was a political leader of the Sri Lankan Tamil community for more than two decades.

His son Chandrahasan followed his father's footstep by becoming a public servant in Tamil Nadu.

## Infobox (mp)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable, Honourable
- **name**: S. J. V. Chelvanayakam
- **honorific-suffix**: King's Counsel, KC Member of Parliament, MP
- **constituency mp4**: Kankesanthurai Electoral District, Kankesanthurai
- **parliament4**: Sri Lanka
- **successor4**: Subaiya Nadesan, United National Party, UNP
- **term start4**: 1947
- **term end4**: 1952
- **predecessor5**: Subaiya Nadesan, United National Party, UNP
- **term start5**: 1956
- **term end5**: 1977
- **office3**: Deputy Leader of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress
- **term start3**: 1944
- **term end3**: 1949
- **office2**: Leader of the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
- **term start2**: 1949
- **term end2**: 1972
- **office**: Leader of the Tamil United Liberation Front
- **successor**: Appapillai Amirthalingam
- **term start**: 1972
- **term end**: 1977
- **birth place**: Ipoh, British Malaya, Malaya
- **death place**: Jaffna, Sri Lanka
- **spouse**: Emily Grace Barr Chelvanayakam
- **party**: Tamil United Liberation Front
- **otherparty**: Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **alma mater**: Union College, Tellippalai, Jaffna, Union College
St. John's College, Jaffna, St. John's College
S. Thomas' College, St. Thomas College
University of London
Ceylon Law College
Appapillai Amirthalingam

**Appapillai Amirthalingam** (, 26 August 1927 – 13 July 1989) was a Sri Lankan Tamil politician. He was a Member of Parliament and Leader of the Opposition. Amirthalingam was assassinated by the Tamil Tigers.

## Infobox (mp)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable, Honourable
- **name**: A. Amirthalingam
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **office**: Leader of the Opposition (Sri Lanka), Leader of the Opposition, Sri Lanka
- **predecessor**: J. R. Jayewardene, United National Party, UNP
- **successor**: Anura Bandaranaike, A. Bandaranaike, Sri Lanka Freedom Party, SLFP
- **term start**: 4 August 1977
- **term end**: 24 October 1983
- **office2**: Leader, Tamil United Liberation Front
- **term start2**: 1977
- **term end2**: 1989
- **predecessor2**: S. J. V. Chelvanayakam
- **successor2**: M. Sivasithamparam
- **constituency mp3**: Vaddukoddai Electoral District, Vaddukoddai
- **parliament3**: Ceylonese
- **predecessor3**: V. Veerasingam, All Ceylon Tamil Congress, ACTC
- **successor3**: A. Thiagarajah, All Ceylon Tamil Congress, ACTC
- **term start3**: 1956
- **term end3**: 1970
- **constituency mp4**: Kankesanthurai Electoral District, Kankesanthurai
- **parliament4**: Sri Lankan
- **predecessor4**: S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi, ITAK
- **term start4**: 1977
- **term end4**: 1983
- **constituency mp5**: National List Member of Parliament, Nationa List
- **parliament5**: Sri Lankan
- **successor5**: Mavai Senathirajah, Tamil United Liberation Front, TULF
- **term start5**: 1989
- **term end5**: 1989
- **birth place**: Pannagam, Vaddukoddai, British Ceylon
- **death place**: 342/2 Baudhaloka Mawatha, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **party**: Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
- **otherparty**: Tamil United Liberation Front
- **alma mater**: Ceylon Law College
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **blank1**: Ethnicity
- **data1**: Sri Lankan Tamil
- **website**: [http://www.amirthalingam.com/ amirthalingam.com]
Occitan Wikipedia

The **Occitan Wikipedia** () is the Occitan-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 84,000 articles.

## See also

- Catalan Wikipedia
- Aragonese Wikipedia
- French Wikipedia

## Other websites

- Occitan Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Occitan Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-oc.svg
- **url**: [http://oc.wikipedia.org/ oc.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia
- **language**: Occitan language, Occitan
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Sanskrit Wikipedia

The **Sanskrit Wikipedia** (, also known as **sawiki**) is the Sanskrit-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in December 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 9,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Sanskrit Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Sanskrit Wikipedia
संस्कृतविकिपीडिया
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-sa.svg
- **commercial**: Charitable
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **registration**: Optional
- **language**: Sanskrit
- **content license**: (most text also dual-licensed under GFDL)
Media licensing varies
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
- **author**: Sanskrit wiki community
- **current status**: Online
Alemannic Wikipedia

The **Alemannic Wikipedia** (Alemannic: _Alemannischi Wikipedia_) is the Alemannic-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in November 2003. , it has over 28,700 articles.

## Other websites

- Alemannic Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Alemannic Wikipedia
- **screenshot**: Alemannic Wikipedia screenshot 3 April, 2012.png
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-als.svg
- **url**: [http://als.wikipedia.org/ als.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Alemannic German, Alemannic
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Scots Wikipedia

The **Scots Wikipedia** () is the Scots-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2005. As of  , it has about  articles.

In August 2020, the wiki received criticism from social media and the news for its bad translation from the English language, and is currently being reviewed by the Wikipedia community.

## Other websites

- Scots Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Scots Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-sco.svg
- **url**: [http://sco.wikipedia.org/ sco.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Scots language, Scots
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Marathi Wikipedia

The **Marathi Wikipedia** () is the Marathi-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in May 2003. As of July 2013, it had over 39,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Marathi Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Marathi Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-mr.svg
- **screenshot**: Marathi Wikipedia homepage.jpg
- **caption**: Marathi Wikipedia main page
- **collapsible**: yes
- **url**: [http://mr.wikipedia.org/ mr.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Marathi language, Marathi
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Aragonese Wikipedia

The **Aragonese Wikipedia** (also called **Biquipedia**) is the Aragonese-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in July 2004. , it has over 41,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Aragonese Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Aragonese Wikipedia
- **screenshot**: Aragonese Wikipedia screenshot, 2013-01-16, Opera, 1230px.png
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-an.svg
- **url**: [http://an.wikipedia.org/ an.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida (USA)
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Aragonese language, Aragonese
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Telugu Wikipedia

The **Telugu Wikipedia** is the Telugu-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 52,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Telugu Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Telugu Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-te.svg
- **caption**: Telugu Wikipedia Logo
- **url**: [http://te.wikipedia.org/ te.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Telugu language, Telugu
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Kannada Wikipedia

**The** **Kannada Wikipedia** is the Kannada-language edition of _Wikipedia_. This edition started in June 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 13,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Kannada Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Kannada Wikipedia
- **url**: [http://kn.wikipedia.org/ kn.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Kannada
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Carousel (musical)

***Carousel*** is a musical. It is based on Ferenc Molnár's 1909 play, _Liliom_, as adapted by Benjamin Glazer. Oscar Hammerstein II wrote the musical's book and lyrics. Richard Rodgers wrote the music. _Carousel_ received the first New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Musical (1945-1946).

It opened on Broadway at the Majestic Theatre on 19 April 1945, and closed on 24 May 1947 after 890 performances. The original production starred John Raitt as Billy and Jan Clayton as Julie. Robert Mamoulian directed,  Agnes de Mille choreographed the dances, and Jo Mielziner designed the scenery and lighting.

_Carousel_ opened on the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 7 June 1950 with Stephen Douglass and Iva Withers. In 1956, it was released as a Twentieth Century-Fox movie starring Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones.

## References

- Guide to Musical Theatre: Carousel
- New York Drama Critics' Circle 1945-1946
- Imagi-nation: Carousel
- Broadway Musical Home; Carousel

## Infobox (musical)

- **name**: Carousel
- **music**: Richard Rodgers
- **lyrics**: Oscar Hammerstein II
- **book**: Oscar Hammerstein II
- **basis**: _Liliom_, a 1909 play by Ferenc Molnár as adapted by Benjamin Glazer
- **productions**: Broadway (1945)
West End theatre, West End (1950)
Movie (1956)
- **awards**: New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Musical (1945-1946)
Cwmdonkin Park

**Cwmdonkin Park** is a park in Swansea, in south Wales.  Poet Dylan Thomas grew up at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive, not far from here. The fountain in the park is celebrated in his poem "The Hunchback in the park". In 1963, a memorial stone with lines from another poem by Thomas' "Fern Hill", was placed in the park.

The park has water gardens, tennis courts, a bowling green and a children's play area.
Alberta Hunter

**Alberta Hunter** (April 1, 1895 – October 17, 1984) was an American singer-songwriter. She sang blues and jazz music. She was especially popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She sang the critically acclaimed "Downhearted Blues" in 1922. She stopped performing in the 1950s.

## Early life

Hunter was born in Memphis, but later moved to Chicago.

## Personal life

Hunter was a lesbian.

## Death

Hunter died in New York City at age 89.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alberta Hunter
- **alias**: May Alix, Josephine Beatty
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee
- **death place**: Roosevelt Island, New York
- **genre**: Jazz, blues
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1914–84
- **label**: Black Swan Records, Black Swan, Paramount Records, Paramount, Gennett Records, Gennett, OKeh Records, OKeh, Victor Talking Machine Company, Victor, Columbia Records, Columbia, Decca Records, Decca, Bluebird Records, Bluebird, Bluesville Records, Bluesville
- **associated acts**: Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, Billie Holiday
Tornadoes of 2011

This page describes the tornadoes that were recorded in 2011. Tornadoes that cause the most damage form most often in the United States, Bangladesh and eastern India. However, they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also appear regularly in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season. They also form less regularly in Europe, Asia and Australiasia.

There were 1,897 tornadoes reported in the U.S. in 2011. Of these, 1,704 were confirmed. The year 2011 was an unusually severe year for tornadoes. At least 577 people were killed in tornadoes in 2011: 12 in Bangladesh, two in South Africa, one in New Zealand, one in the Philippines, one in Russia, one in Canada, and an estimated 553 in the United States. There were several very large tornado outbreaks in the middle and end of April and in late May. The outbreaks in April resulted in the second-most number of deaths in a single year for tornadoes in U.S. history.
Lindy Boggs

**Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs** (March 13, 1916 – July 27, 2013) was an American politician. She served in the U.S. House of Representatives.  She later served as the United States Ambassador to the Holy See. She was the first woman elected to Congress from Louisiana. She was a permanent chairwoman in the 1976 Democratic National Convention. She was the mother of television journalist, Cokie Roberts.

## Death

Boggs died on July 27, 2013 in Chevy Chase, Maryland from natural causes, aged 97. A funeral mass was held on August 1, 2013 at St. Louis Cathedral at 615 Pere Antoine Alley in New Orleans. Interment was followed at St. Mary's Cemetery in New Roads. Governor Bobby Jindal ordered all U.S. and state flags in Louisiana to fly at half staff until August 2, 2013 in Mrs. Boggs' memory.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lindy Boggs
- **image**: Ambassador Boggs.jpg
- **order**: 5th
- **ambassador from**: United States
- **country**: Holy See
- **president**: Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
- **term start**: December 16, 1997
- **term end**: March 1, 2001
- **predecessor**: Raymond Flynn
- **successor**: Jim Nicholson (Secretary of Veterans Affairs), Jim Nicholson
- **state1**: Louisiana
- **term start1**: March 20, 1973
- **term end1**: January 3, 1991
- **predecessor1**: Hale Boggs
- **successor1**: William J. Jefferson, William Jefferson
- **birth name**: Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne
- **birth place**: New Roads, Louisiana, New Roads, Louisiana, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Chevy Chase, Maryland, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 4, including Barbara Boggs Sigmund, Barbara, Thomas Hale Boggs Jr., Tommy, Cokie Roberts, Cokie
- **education**: Tulane University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Mercedes McCambridge

**Mercedes McCambridge** (March 16, 1916 – March 2, 2004) was an American actress. She was born to an Irish-American Roman Catholic family. She received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She got that award for her performance in _All the King's Men_ in 1949. Her other movies included _Johnny Guitar_ and _Giant_. She began her career in the 1940s performing on radio.

McCambridge was born in Joliet, Illinois. She died of natural causes in San Diego.
Bettie Page

**Bettie Mae Page** (April 22, 1923 – December 11, 2008) was an American model and pornographic actor.

Page was born in Nashville, Tennessee. She became famous in the 1950s for her pin-up photos. She was known for her erotic dance moves and adult movies. She was Playboy Playmate of the Month in January 1955.

She retired when she converted to Christianity in 1959. She moved to Southern California in 1979. She spent several years in psychiatric institutions there after she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. She died from a heart attack at age eighty-five in Los Angeles. She is one of the highest paid dead celebrities.

## Other websites

- Official website
Anne Baxter

**Anne Baxter** (May 7, 1923 – December 12, 1985) was an American actress. She appeared in many movies. She starred in the 1946 movie _The Razor's Edge_, and received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for that performance. She also acted in _The Ten Commandments_ in 1956 and the Broadway play _Applause_. Her grandfather was architect Frank Lloyd Wright.

The actress was born in Michigan City, Indiana. She died from an aneurysm in New York City at sixty-two.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anne Baxter
- **image**: Anne Baxter 1961.JPG
- **imagesize**: 230px
- **caption**: Publicity photo, 1961
- **birth place**: Michigan City, Indiana, Michigan City, Indiana, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Guilford, New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Brain aneurysm
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1940–85
- **spouse**: John Hodiak
(married 1946–1953)
Randolph Galt
(married 1960–1969)
David Klee
(married 1977–1977)
- **children**: Katrina Hodiak (b. 1951)
Melissa Galt (b. 1962)
Maginel Galt (b. 1963)
- **parents**: Kenneth Stuart Baxter
Catherine Dorothy Wright
- **relatives**: Frank Lloyd Wright
(maternal grandfather)
Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery

The **Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery** is a cemetery in Jerusalem. It is the oldest Jewish cemetery in the world. It is also the biggest cemetery for Jews. The cemetery is on the Mount of Olives. It faces the Old City of Jerusalem. The cemetery has over 150,000 graves.

## Sections

- Ashkenazi Communities section
- Sephardim and Oriental Communities sections
- Hasidic Communities
- Military section
- 1929 Palestine riots section

## Kidron Valley necropolis

The southwestern part of the cemetery is Kidron Valley necropolis continuing the cemetery from southwest in the Kidron Valley. a part of the Arab village of Silwan was built over this part of the cemetery.

## Arab neighborhoods

Some Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem were built on the grounds of the cemetery after the Jordanian conquest in 1948 including: Al-Bustan, Ras al-Amud, Al-Sheikh, A-Tur,

## Other websites

- Official website
Uniting Church in Sweden

The **Uniting Church in Sweden** () is a Christian Protestant denomination in Sweden. It was established on 4 June 2011 out of the Baptist Union of Sweden, the United Methodist Church and the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden as the **Joint Future Church** (). The name was changed during a conference in Karlstad on 11 May 2013.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (christian denomination)

- **name**: Uniting Church in Sweden
- **image**: Equmeniakyrkan färg.png
- **main classification**: Protestant
- **orientation**: Protestantism
- **theology**: United and uniting
- **associations**: World Communion of Reformed Churches, Baptist World Alliance
- **headquarters**: Bromma,
- **founded date**: 4 June 2011
- **merger**: Baptist Union of Sweden, Mission Covenant Church of Sweden, United Methodist Church in Sweden
- **members**: about 85 000 (2012)
Shinichi Hoshi

**Shinichi Hoshi** ( _Hoshi Shin'ichi_, 6 September 1926 – 30 December 1997) was a Japanese writer　(The kanji for his real name were 親一). He is best known for his science fiction stories, the so-called "short-short" ones, often no more than three or four pages in length. He wrote over 1000 of these in his 26-year career. He also wrote mystery stories, and won the Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Mōsō Ginkō (Delusion Bank) in 1968.

## Life

Shinichi was raised in Tokyo by his grandparents. His grandfather was a anatomist and anthropologist. His grandmother was a sister of a Japanese novelist, Ogai Mori. Hajime Hoshi, his father, was a president of Hoshi Pharmacy and founder of Hoshi University.

He died on 30 December 1997.

## Books

Shinchosha

- Bokko-chan (Miss Bokko)
- Yokoso Chikyu-san (Welcome, Earth!)
- Kimagure Shisu
- Hora Danshaku Gendai no Boken (The Modern Adventures of Baron Munchausen )
- Bonbon to Akumu (Bonbons and Nightmares)
- Akuma no iru Tengoku (Heaven with a Demon)
- Onozomi no Ketsumatsu (The Ending You Wished For)
- Mai Kokka (My Nation)
- Yousei Haikyu Gaisha (The Fairy Distributing Company)
- Uchu no Aisatsu (Greetings from Outer Space)
- Gogo no Kyoryu
- Shiroi Huku no Otoko
- Moso Ginko
- Burankono Mukode (The Other Side of the Swing)
- Jinmin wa Yowashi, Kanri wa Tsuyoshi
- Meiji Chichi America
- Osekkaina Kamigami (Meddlesome Gods)
- Nigiyakana Heya
- Hitonigiri no Mirai (A Handful of Future)
- Darekasan no Akumu
- Mirai Isoppu (Aesop Fables for the Future)
- Samazamana Meiro
- Kabocha no Basha
- Enushi no Yuenchi
- Tozoku Gaisha
- Nokku no Otoga
- Yoru no Kakurenbo
- Omisore Shakai
- Takusan no Tabu
- Narisokonai Oji
- Dokoka no Jiken
- Anzen no Kado
- Goirai no Ken
- Arihureta Shuho
- Kyomu nado 30
- Donguri Minwakan
- Korekara no Dekigoto
- Tsunenaranu Hanashi
- Meiji no Jinbutsushi
- Tengokukara no Michi
- Hushigina Yume
- Complete Works Vol. 1
- Complete Works Vol. 2
- Complete Works Vol. 3

## Other websites

- The Hoshi Library The Official English Website of Shinichi Hoshi
- Life & Works
- 星新一公式サイト (Japanese)
- 新潮社公式サイト (Japanese)
- Hoshi University
Sopho Gelovani

**Sopho Gelovani** () (21 March 1984) is a Georgian singer. She and Nodiko Tatishvili took part in the Eurovision for Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sopho Gelovani
- **image**: ESC2013 - Georgia 02 (crop).jpg
- **caption**: Sopho Gelovani (2013)
- **background**: solo_singer
- **years active**: 2010–present
Clones

**Clones** ( ; ) is a small town in western County Monaghan, Ireland. The area is part of the Border Region with Northern Ireland. Historically _Clones_ was also spelt _Clonis_, _Clonish_ and _Clownish_. These are English language versions of the Irish _Cluain Eois_, meaning "Eos's meadow".

## History

An abbey was built at Clones by Tigernach (also known as _Tierney_ in English). It was built in the early 6th century. It was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The ruins of a 12th-century abbey building can still be found in the town. There is also a sarcophagus. They say it was built for Saint Tighearnach after he died. Clones also has a 9th-century round tower and high cross.

## Ulster Canal restoration

The national inland waterways agency, Waterways Ireland, is planning to restore the Ulster Canal from the Newtownbutler area of Lough Erne to Clones.

## Sport

Clones has a GAA stadium, St Tiernach's Park. This stadium is regularly used for inter-county matches during the Ulster provincial championship in Gaelic football, and traditionally hosts the final.

## People

- Birthplace of world featherweight champion boxer Barry McGuigan, 'The Clones Cyclone'.
- Author Patrick McCabe was born here.
- Writer and playwright Eugene McCabe
- Clones was the birthplace of poet Thomas Bracken, who wrote "God Defend New Zealand", one of the national anthems of New Zealand.
- General Joseph Finegan, who commanded the Confederate Army to victory at the 1864 Battle of Olustee in Florida during the American Civil War, was born at Clones on 17 November 1814.
- Birthplace of John Joseph Lynch (1816–1888), first Archbishop of Toronto (1860–1888).
- Burial place of Roger Boyle, at the church.
- Birthplace of John George Bowes, Mayor of Toronto (1851–1853).

## Other websites

- Clones GAA
- Clones History

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Clones
- **settlement type**: Town
- **pushpin map**: Ireland
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Ireland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ulster
- **subdivision type3**: Counties of Ireland, County
- **subdivision name3**: County Monaghan
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population as of**: 2016
- **population total**: 1680
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: West European Time, WET
- **utc offset1**: +0
- **timezone1 dst**: Irish Standard Time, IST (Western European Summer Time, WEST)
- **utc offset1 dst**: -1
- **elevation m**: 71
- **blank name**: Irish grid reference system, Irish Grid Reference
Chondrophore

The **chondrophores** or **porpitids** are a small and unusual group of hydrozoans. They are the family **Porpitidae**.

They all live at the surface of the open ocean, and are  colonies of carnivorous, free-floating hydroids. Their life-style in the plankton is similar to that of pelagic jellyfish.

The chondrophores look like a single organism but are  cooperatives of polyps.

The most familiar members of the family Porpitidae are the blue button (_Porpita porpita_) and the by-the-wind sailor (_Velella velella_).

## Structure

Chondrophores may look like a jellyfish, but they really are not. Like the siphonophores they are not a single animal. They are a colony of clones, genetically identical zooids. These zooids are small, highly modified individual polyps. Though structurally similar to other cnidarians, the zooids do not live by themselves: they are attached to each other. Each type of zooid depends for survival on the others doing what it cannot do by itself.

This kind of set-up is also found in the siphonophores: the Portuguese man o' war. They evolved independently, and are classified in different orders.

## Fossil record

A rare soft-bodied fossil was got from  Mississippian strata in northeastern Kentucky. It was interpreted as a chondrophorine float. The origin of the group was probably in the Neoproterozoic era, some 650540 million years ago.
Yvonne De Carlo

**Margaret Yvonne Middleton** (or **Yvonne De Carlo**; September 1, 1922 – January 8, 2007) was a Canadian and American actress. She originally appeared in B movies. She played Lily Munster in the CBS television program _The Munsters_ in the mid-1960s. She played Sephora in the 1956 movie _The Ten Commandments_. She also performed in a lot of musical stage plays.

De Carlo was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She died in Los Angeles at eighty-four of natural causes.
Betty Hutton

**Betty Hutton** (February 26, 1921 – March 11, 2007) was an American actress and comedian. She became very famous in the 1940s. She starred in many movies, including _The Miracle of Morgan's Creek_ in 1944 and _Incendiary Blonde_ a year later. Her biggest screen role was _Annie Get Your Gun_ in 1950. She stopped acting in 2000.

Hutton was born as **Elizabeth June Thornburg** in Battle Creek, Michigan. She died from colon cancer at eighty-six in Palm Springs, California.
Kitty Carlisle

**Kitty Carlisle** (September 3, 1910 – April 17, 2007) was an American actress and musician. In 1991, she received the National Medal of Arts. She began on Broadway in many operettas and musical comedies. She then worked in movies, including _Murder at the Vanities_ in 1934, _She Loves Me Not_ that same year, and _A Night at the Opera_ in 1935. She was born **Catherine Conn** in New Orleans. She died in New York City, age 96.
Noah Munck

**Noah Bryant Munck** (born May 3, 1996 in Orange County, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as _Gibby Gibson_ on the Nickelodeon television series _iCarly_.

## Early life and career

Noah Munck was born in Orange County, California. He began his career in advertising spots. These included Volkswagen and "Got Milk?" In spring 2007, he went in hip-hop courses with his sister. Munck acted in _iCarly_ from 2007 to 2012. From the season 4, he played a main role. In 2011, he was in the movie _Bad Teacher_ as Tristan.

## Television and movie roles

|Year|Movie/Program|Role||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007-2012|_iCarly_|Gibby Gibson||
|rowspan="2"|2008|_Wizards of Waverly Place_||
|_Four Christmases_|screaming kid|||
|rowspan="3"|2009|_iCarly: iFight Shelby Marx_|Gibby Gibson|
|_ER_||||
|_All About Steve_|Student|||
|2010|_Rules of Engagement_|||
|rowspan="3"|2011|_Bad Teacher_|Tristan|
|The Rainbow Tribe||||
|_iCarly: iParty with Victorious_|Gibby Gibson|||
|rowspan="2"|2012|_The Troop_||
|_iCarly: iGoodbye_|Gibby Gibson|||
|2013|_Nicky Deuce_|||
Zelda Rubinstein

**Zelda Rubinstein** (28 May 1933 – 27 January 2010) was an American actress and activist for human rights and AIDS. She appeared on television programs, including _Caroline in the City_, _Tales from the Crypt_ and _Martin_. She was also in many movies, though with minor playing roles. She was best known for her role in the movie _Poltergeist_.

Rubinstein was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She died from kidney and lung problems at seventy-six in Los Angeles.
The King and I

***The King and I*** is a two-act musical. It is based on the novel, Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon.  Oscar Hammerstein II wrote the musical's book and lyrics. Richard Rodgers wrote the music. The musical received the 1952 Tony Award for Best Musical.

_The King and I_ opened on Broadway at the St. James Theatre on 29 March 1951, and closed on 20 March 1954 after 1246 performances. The original production starred Gertrude Lawrence and Yul Brynner. It was directed by John Van Druten, and choreographed by Jerome Robbins. Scenery and lighting were designed by Jo Mielziner.

_The King and I_ opened on the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 8 October 1953, and closed after 926 performances. In 1956, the musical was released as a Twentieth Century Fox movie starring Yul Brynner and Deborah Kerr.
in a deleted scene tuptim married  Prince Chulalongkorn
In 1999, Warner Bros. made an Animated movie called The King and I based on the play.

## References

- Broadway Musical Home: the King and I
- Guide to Musical Theatre: The King and I
- Imagi-nation: The King and I
- IBdb: The King and I
- BEV: The King and I

## Infobox (musical)

- **name**: The King and I
- **image**: Brynner the King.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Brynner in the original 1952 production
- **music**: Richard Rodgers
- **lyrics**: Oscar Hammerstein II
- **book**: Oscar Hammerstein II
- **basis**: _Anna and the King of Siam_ by Margaret Landon
- **productions**: Broadway (1951)
West End theatre, West End (1953)
Movie (1956)
- **awards**: Tony Award for Best Musical (1952)
Sheba Medical Center

The **Sheba Medical Center** is a hospital in Israel. It is located in Tel Hashomer, part of Ramat Gan near Tel Aviv.

The medical center was established by the US Army in 1941. It operated until 1943. In 1944 the hospital was opened again by the British Army. In 1948 it was made the Israeli army medical center until 1953. It grew to become one of the biggest hospitals in Israel. It does surgery and treatments for patients from other countries.

## Other websites

- Sheba Medical Center
Impact event

An **impact event** is a collision between objects in space. They happen regularly in planetary systems, such as our Solar System. They most often involve small objects, such as asteroids, comets or meteors. These have relatively little impact. When a large object collides with a planet like the Earth, it can have serious effects on the planet. We try to find out when one is going to hit Earth using impact prediction. Depending on the size of the object, much of the impact is reduced by the planet's atmosphere. Smaller objects explode or break apart as they enter the atmosphere. These are seen as bolides.

Impact craters, which are caused by impact events, can be seen on many of the planets and other objects in the Solar System. Some of the largest are on Mars and the Moon. These are said to be evidence of major impact events. The first time an impact event was recorded was in July 1994. A comet, Shoemaker–Levy 9, broke apart and collided with Jupiter. The collision was recorded by telescopes and satellites.

Impact events appear to have had a major effect on the how the Solar System has changed since it was formed. Major impact events have also shaped the history of the Earth, including the evolution of life. It is thought that the Chicxulub impact, which happened 66 million years ago, caused the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. There is debate over whether impacts caused any of the other extinction events throughout history. A giant impact event is thought to have produced the Moon.

Hundreds of impacts have been reported on Earth. Many happen without being seen by anyone on the ground. On average, asteroids with a diameter of  impact Earth about once per year. These usually explode in the upper atmosphere, and most or all of the solids are vaporised. Asteroids with a diameter of  collide with Earth every 500,000 years. Large collisions, of , happen once every twenty million years. Some much smaller asteroids have caused damage and injuries, but no human is known to have been killed directly by an impact.

- The Chelyabinsk meteor event in 2013 is the only impact event known to have resulted in a large number of injuries. It was about 20 metres wide.

- One of the most well-known impacts in modern times was the Tunguska event. This happened in Siberia in 1908. Impacts of that size are said to happen about once every thousand years.

- S2 (meteorite), c. 3 billion (or c. 3.26) years ago; The crater (from the impact) [was] 500 km wide.

## Related pages

- Asteroid impact prediction
- Near-Earth asteroid
- Near-Earth object
- Late Heavy Bombardment

## Other websites

- Earth Impact Database
- Earth Impact Effects Program
Tripod (photography)

A **tripod** is a three-legged tool for balancing cameras. Without a tripod, it can be hard to keep a camera steady. A tripod is very useful when taking pictures in low light.
Hadassah Medical Center

The **Hadassah Medical Center** () is the largest hospital in Jerusalem. It is also one of the biggest medical centers in Israel. It was established in 1919 at 37 HaNevi'im Street in Jerusalem. In 1939, it moved to a new campus in Mount Scopus.  After 1948, a new campus opened in the Ein Kerem neighborhood together with the campus of the Hebrew University including: the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nursing, School of Occupational Therapy, the National Library of Medicine, and hotel with a small shopping center.

## Other websites

- Hadassah Medical Center - Jerusalem
Ten Days of Repentance

The **Ten Days of Repentance** (, _aseret yemay teshuva)_ is a time of year when Jews focus on prayer and repentance.  The ten days begin with the holiday of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, and end with the fast of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.

Because of the importance of repentance, the two holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are often called the **High Holy Days** or **High Holidays** (ימים נוראים, _yamim nora'im,_ "Days of Awe").
Yom HaShoah

**Yom HaShoah** (, "Holocaust Day") is the official day for remembering the Holocaust in Israel.  It is also widely observed by Jews in other countries.  Its date on the Jewish calendar is 27 Nisan.  (This date usually falls in April or May.)  This date was chosen because it was the start of the Warsaw ghetto uprising.
Melvil Dewey

**Melville Louis Kossuth** (**Melvil**) **Dewey** (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator. He invented the Dewey Decimal library classification system.

## Early life

Dewey was born on December 10, 1851, in Adams Center, New York.
He attended Alfred University in 1870 and then Amherst College. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1874 and a master's in 1877.

## Career

While still a student, he founded the Library Bureau, a company that sold index-cards and filing-cabinets used in libraries and businesses.

He developed his book classification system based on a decimal numbering system while working in the Amherst library. He published a first edition in 1876.

He was one of the founders of the American Library Association in 1876 and served for many years as editor of the Journal of the American Library Association.

In the 1880's he took a position as librarian at Columbia University Libraries, where he developed one of the first training schools for librarians.

## Lake Placid Club

Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York in 1895 as a health club and retreat. The Winter Olympics were held there, mostly led by his son Godfrey

## Reforms

He advocated for spelling reform for the English language. At one point he changed the spelling of his name from  "Melvile" to "Melvil," removing redundant letters. He also for a brief time wrote his surname as "**Dui**." He also founded The Metric Bureau in 1876 to advocate for the United States to move to metric measurement.

## Personal life

Dewey married twice, first to Annie R. Godfrey, and then to Emily McKay Beal. He and his first wife had one child, Godfrey.

He moved to Florida and founded Lake Placid, Florida. He died of a stroke there in 1931.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Melvil Dewey
- **image**: Melvil Dewey.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth name**: Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey
- **birth date**: December 10, 1851
- **birth place**: Adams Center, New York
- **death place**: Lake Placid, Florida
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **other names**: Melvil Dewey
Melvil Dui
- **known for**: Dewey Decimal Classification
- **education**: Amherst College
- **occupation**: librarian, resort developer, reformer
- **spouse**: Annie R. Godfrey (1878)
Emily McKay Beal (1924)
- **relatives**: Godfrey Dewey (son)
- **signature**: Melvil Dewey Signature.svg
Olei Hagardom

**Olei Hagardom** (, meaning "those hanged in the gallows") is the name of twelve Zionist activists who were sentenced to death between 1938 and 1947 in the British Mandate of Palestine. They were members of the militant groups Irgun and Lehi, who fought against Arabs and the British for an independent State of Israel. The Olei Hagardom included nine members of Irgun and three members of Lehi, who were executed by hanging.

A national burial site of the Olei Hagardom is located in the national military and police cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. A museum for the Olei HaGardom is located in Jerusalem and the old city of Acre.

## Other websites

- Olei Hagardom  article in Jabotinsky Institute website
Jewish Parachutists of Mandate of Palestine

The **Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine** were a group of 250 Jewish people from Mandatory Palestine who volunteered to join the British Army and fight Nazi Germany during World War II. A national burial site for them is located in the national military and police cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. In the grave site are three graves of famous paratroopers and four empty graves for the paratroopers that were killed in the Holocaust in the death camps.

## Other websites

- the graves Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine in Mount Herzl in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission site
- Combat and Resistance: Jewish Soldiers in the Allied Armies  on the Yad Vashem website
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Jewish Parachutists from Palestine
Saskatchewan Roughriders

The **Saskatchewan Roughriders** are a Canadian Football League team from Regina, Saskatchewan. The team were created in 1910. They have won five Grey Cups, with the most recent championship coming in 2025. They play at Mosaic Stadium.

## Other websites

- Official website
June Havoc

**Ellen Evangeline Hovick** (known as **June Havoc**; November 8, 1912 – March 28, 2010) was a Canadian-born American actress, dancer, author and a theater director. She acted in many stage plays and movies. She began on Broadway, appearing in plays including _Pal Joey_. She later moved to Hollywood and began acting in movies. Her first movie was _Gentleman's Agreement_. She last appeared on the television series _General Hospital_ in 1990.

Havoc was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Her sister was Gypsy Rose Lee. Their father was Norwegian-American. She died in Stamford, Connecticut at 97.
Oliver Goonetilleke

Sir **Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke**, GCMG, KCVO, KBE (; 20 October 1892 – 17 December 1978) became the third Governor-General of Ceylon (1954-1962). He was the first Ceylonese to hold the vice-regal post. Goonetilleke played an important role in the war of independence for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from Britain.

Goonetilleke was Governor-General from July 17, 1954 to March 2, 1962. He served for 8 years. The monarch during his term as Governor-General was Queen Elizabeth II.

## Personal details

Goonetilleke was born on October 20, 1892 in Trincomalee, Ceylon. He died on December 17, 1978 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Goonetilleke had a wife named Esther Goonetilleke and had three children.
Herwald Ramsbotham

**Herwald Ramsbotham** GCMG, GCVO, OBE, MC, PC (6 March 1887 – 30 January 1971) otherwise known as "The Viscount Solabry", was a British politician. He was a government minister between 1931 and 1941 and served as the Governor-General of Ceylon between 1949 and 1954.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Viscount Soulbury
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG, Royal Victorian Order, GCVO, Order of the British Empire, OBE, Military Cross, MC, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, PC
- **order1**: Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Minister of Pensions
- **term start1**: 30 July 1936
- **term end1**: 7 June 1939
- **monarch1**: Edward VIII
 George VI
- **primeminister1**: Stanley Baldwin
 Neville Chamberlain
- **predecessor1**: Robert Hudson, 1st Viscount Hudson, Robert Hudson
- **successor1**: Sir Walter Womersley, 1st Baronet, Sir Walter Womersley, Bt
- **order2**: First Commissioner of Works
- **term start2**: 7 June 1939
- **term end2**: 3 April 1940
- **monarch2**: George VI
- **primeminister2**: Neville Chamberlain
- **predecessor2**: Sir Philip Sassoon, 3rd Baronet, Sir Philip Sassoon, Bt
- **successor2**: Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr, The Earl De La Warr
- **order3**: Secretary of State for Education and Skills, President of the Board of Education
- **term start3**: 3 April 1940
- **term end3**: 20 July 1941
- **monarch3**: George VI
- **primeminister3**: Neville Chamberlain
 Winston Churchill
- **predecessor3**: Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr, The Earl De La Warr
- **successor3**: R. A. Butler
- **order4**: Governor-General of Ceylon
- **term start4**: 6 July 1949
- **term end4**: 17 July 1954
- **monarch4**: George VI
 Elizabeth II
- **predecessor4**: Henry Monck-Mason Moore, Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore
- **successor4**: Oliver Goonetilleke, Sir Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke
- **birth date**: 6 March 1887
- **death date**: January 30, 1971
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
Machaeroides

***Machaeroides*** ("dagger-like") was a genus of sabre-toothed creodonts which lived during the Eocene (56 to 34 mya). Its fossils were found in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is the earliest known sabre-toothed mammal.

It looked like a small, dog-sized saber-toothed cat. _Machaeroides_ had a longer skull than a cat-family animal, and it walked plantigrade, with its palms and heels on the ground, instead of on its toes like a cat or dog.

The long survival of these small animals shows that their killing method suited small cats as well as large cats.
Sally Eilers

**Dorothea Sally Eilers** (or just **Sally Eilers**; December 11, 1908 – January 5, 1978) was an American actress. She was very popular in Hollywood during the 1930s. She appeared mostly in melodramatic and comedy movies. Toward the end of the 1930s, she became less popular. Her last appearance in a movie was in 1950.

In her final years, Eilers had poor health. She was born in New York City. She died after having a heart attack at age sixty-nine in Los Angeles.
Peggy Wood

**Mary Margaret Wood** (also known as **Peggy Wood**; February 9, 1892 – March 18, 1978) was an American actress. She acted mostly in stage plays, but was also in some television series and movies. She played Mother Abbess in _The Sound of Music_ in 1965. She also played Marta Hansen in the television series _Mama_ between 1949 and 1957.

Wood was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She died in Stamford, Connecticut following a stroke at eighty-six.
Hamilton Tiger-Cats

The **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** are a Canadian Football League team in Hamilton, Ontario. They won 8 Grey Cups. They play at Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, which opened in 2014 at the site of their former home of Ivor Wynne Stadium. The Tiger-Cats were founded in 1950 when the Hamilton Tigers, founded in 1869, merged with the Hamilton Wildcats, formed in 1941.

## Other websites

- Official website
Maybelle Carter

**Maybelle Addington** (or **Maybelle Carter**; 10 May 1909 – 23 October 1978) was an American country musician. She was a member of the Carter Family act. She released several albums of her own. Carter was the mother of June Carter Cash, wife of Johnny Cash.

Addington was born in Nickelsville, Virginia. She died from poor health at age sixty-nine.
Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire

**Stamford Bridge** is a village on the River Derwent, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, in Great Britain.  It is about  east of York and  north of Selby.

## History

The village sits on an old river crossing over the Derwent river. The Romans established a fort here about 70 AD. Later a settlement of the same name was here. The Battle of Stamford Bridge was fought here on 25 September 1066. The battle marked the end of the Viking era in England.
Vivian Vance

**Vivian Roberta Jones** (or **Vivian Vance**; July 26, 1909 – August 17, 1979) was an American actress and musician. She was in lots of notable television series and movies. She played Ethel Mertz in the American sitcom _I Love Lucy_. She also played Vivian Bagley in _The Lucy Show_. She also had many stage performances in her career.

Vance was born in Cherryvale, Kansas. She died in Belvedere, California due to bone cancer at age seventy.
Aliyah Bet

***Aliyah Bet*** (, _Aliyah bet_) is the name of the illegal immigration to by Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine between 1934 and 1948. It is also known as ***Ha'apala*** (, meaning ascension) in Hebrew. Over 100,000 people tried to illegally enter Palestine. There were 142 voyages by 120 ships. Over half were stopped by the British patrols. Over 1,600 drowned at sea. Only a few thousand actually entered Palestine.

A national burial site for those Jews who drowned in the sea during the _Aliyah Bet_ is in the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel in Mount Herzl. Other burials are in Carmel Beach cemetery in Haifa. A museum of the history of _Aliyah Bet_ is in Atlit detainee camp. The central memorial for those who did the _Aliyah Bet_ is in the London Garden in Tel Aviv.

## Other websites

- Aliyah Bet and Machal Virtual Museum
- "Aliyah During World War II and its Aftermath", _Jewish Virtual Library_
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Aliyah Bet
- Aliyah Bet Voyages Aliyah Bet Project Aliyah Bet Voyages includes pictures and details of the boats of Aliyah Bet, ports of origin, dates of sailing, dates of arrival in Palestine and the number of immigrants on board.
- The background to Aliyah Bet
Jacqueline Bisset

**Jacqueline Bisset** (born 13 September 1944) is an English actress. She has appeared in a lot of notable movies. She played Jackie in _Two for the Road_ in 1967 (which also starred Audrey Hepburn). Bisset also played Miss Goodthighs in _Casino Royale_, another 1967 movie. She has also appeared on television.

## Early life

Bisset was born in Weybridge, Surrey, England. Her birth name is **Winifred Jacqueline Fraser Bisset**  She is the daughter of Arlette Alexander, a lawyer-turned-housewife, and Max Fraser Bisset, a general practitioner. She was brought up in Reading, Berkshire, where she lived in the suburb of Tilehurst. Her father was Scottish and her mother was of French and English ancestry;

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jacqueline Bisset
- **image**: JacquelineBissetSept08.jpg
- **caption**: Bisset in September 2007
- **birth name**: Winifred Jacqueline Fraser Bisset
- **birth place**: Weybridge, Surrey, England, UK
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1965–present
- **partner**: Michael Sarrazin
Alexander Godunov
Victor Drai