juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wenatchee, Washington

**Wenatchee** is a city in Washington, United States of America. The city has a population of about 35,000. It is served by Pangborn Memorial Airport.

## External links

- The City of Wenatchee, Washington , city government website.
- Port of Chelan County, county port district.
- Wenatchee Valley Convention & Visitors Bureau, area convention and visitors center.
- Wenatchee Valley Chamber of Commerce, area chamber of commerce.
- Wenatchee Downtown Association, downtown association.
Reform

**Reform** means a useful change, or sometimes reversion to a pure original state.

“Reform” means changes. The UK government frequently uses the term "reform" to describe changes to public services, such as the National Health Service. But these changes are not accepted by all people as useful.

## Re-form

A note about grammar: when used to describe something which is _physically_ formed again, such as re-casting it in a mold/mould, or a band that gets back together, the proper term is **re-form** (with a hyphen), not "reform".
Battle of Granada

The **Battle of Granada** was a siege of the city of Granada. It was fought for several months and ended in the surrender of Granada on January 2, 1492. The forces of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile fought against the armies of the Muslim Emirate of Granada.

## Battle

This relatively small campaign was of enormous consequences because Granada was the last outpost of Al-Andalus in Spain and its fall meant the end of 780 years of Muslim control in the Iberian Peninsula. It also was the last act in the Reconquista, the campaign by the medieval Christian states of Spain to drive out the Moorish invaders. After heavy days of fighting, the royal imperial forces of Queen Isabella of Castile marched into the city of Granada and captured it from its last Muslim ruler, Mahoma XII (_Muhammad XII_). After the capture of the city, Muhammad was invited to the royal tent of the queen and her imperial forces where a formal surrender was issued. After his surrender, Muhammad was ordered by Queen Isabella to leave the Iberian Peninsula and go to North Africa where he was expelled along with the rest of the Muslim of Andalusia. After the capture of Granada, the royal forces hoisted the Castilian flag atop the Alhambra fortified complex palace. The royal tent was then closed and the royal army moved out from Granada and back to the capital of Madrid.

Granada still celebrates the 2nd of January.

## Bibliography

- _Mind Alive Encyclopedia of World History_, Marshall Cavendish, (London, 1974)

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Granada
- **image**: La Rendición de Granada - Pradilla.jpg
- **caption**: _The Capitulation of Granada_, by Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz: Muhammad XII surrenders before Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Oil on canvas, 1882.
- **partof**: the Reconquista
- **date**: January 2, 1492
- **place**: Granada, Spain
- **result**: Spanish victory
- **territory**: Granada captured by Christian forces
Annexation of last Muslim state in Iberia
- **combatant1**:  Emirate of Granada
- **combatant2**:  Crown of Castile
 Crown of Aragon
- **commander1**:  Mahoma XII
- **commander2**:  Isabella of Castile, Isabella
 Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ferdinand
Emirate of Granada

The **Emirate of Granada** was an Islamic kingdom established in 1238. As the Reconquista was very successful after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the emirate officially became a tributary state in 1238 and was called the Kingdom of Granada. The Nasrid emirs and kings were responsible for building most of the palaces in the Alhambra. The _taifa_ became a vassal state of the Christian kingdom of Castile for the next 250 years. The Nasrid sultans and kings paid tribute to the Christian kings and cooperated with them in the battle against rebellious Muslim kings under Castilian rule.

On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim leader, Muhammad XII, surrendered complete control of Granada, to Ferdinand and Isabella, after the city was besieged in the Battle of Granada.

## Other websites

- _Emirate of Granada on screen_
- Al-Ándalus III: el Sultanato De Granada (1232-1492) y Una Breve Reseña Sobre la Alhambra
- R.H. Shamsuddín Elía, Historia de Al-Andalus, Boletín N° 53 -08/2006 _Al-Ándalus III: El Sultanato De Granada (1232-1492)_
- Nicolás Homar Vives, Genealogy of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada
- Genealogy of the Muslim dynasties in Spain

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**:
_Imarat Gharnāṭah_
- **conventional long name**: Emirate of Granada
- **common name**: Granada
- **era**: Late Middle Ages
- **status**: Tributary state
- **status text**: Tributary state of the Crown of Castile
- **empire**: Crown of Castile
- **government type**: Hereditary monarchy
- **year start**: 1230
- **year end**: 1492
- **event end**: Granada War, Castilian conquest
- **p1**: Almohad Caliphate
- **border p1**: no
- **s1**: Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile)
- **flag s1**: Banner of the Kingdom of Granada.svg
- **border s1**: no
- **image flag**: Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg
- **flag border**: no
- **flag type**: Flag
- **flag**: Flag of Spain
- **image coat**: Arms of the Emirate of Granada (1013-1492).svg
- **image map**: Reino de Granada.svg
- **image map caption**: Territory of the Nasrid Kingdom
- **national motto**: _Wa lā ghāliba illā-llāh_
(There is no victor but God)
- **common languages**: Official language:
Classical Arabic
Other languages: Andalusi Arabic, Mozarabic language, Mozarabic, Berber languages, Berber, Judaeo-Spanish, Ladino
- **capital**: Granada
- **religion**: Majority religion:
Islam
Minority religions:
Christianity (Roman Catholicism), Judaism
- **leader1**: Mohammed I ibn Nasr
- **leader2**: Muhammad XII of Granada, Muhammad XII
- **year leader1**: 1238–1273
- **year leader2**: 1487–1492
- **title leader**: Sultan
Spike Milligan

**Terence Alan Milligan**  (16 April 1918 – 27 February 2002) known as **Spike Milligan**, was an British-Irish comedian, writer, musician, poet, playwright and actor. He was famous for The Goon Show amongst other things. He died of kidney failure. On his grave, written in Irish is: "I told you I was ill".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Spike Milligan
- **birth name**: Terence Alan Milligan
- **birth place**: Ahmednagar, British India
- **death place**: Rye, East Sussex, England
- **resting place**: St Thomas's Church Winchelsea, East Sussex, England
- **citizenship**: British (1918–1951)
 Irish (1951–2002)
- **years active**: 1951–2002
- **children**: 6
Robin Cook

**Robin Cook** (28 February 1946 – 6 August 2005) was a politician in the British Labour Party. He was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2001. He resigned from the cabinet in 2003 in protest after the Invasion of Iraq.

Shortly after becoming Foreign Secretary, he left his wife, Margaret, to live with Gaynor Regan, his secretary.

He died of heart disease whilst on a walking holiday in the Highlands.

Cook was an atheist.

## Infobox (politician)

- **honorific-prefix**: <small>The Right Honourable</small>
- **name**: Robin Cook
- **image**: Robin Cook-close crop.jpg
- **birth place**: Bellshill, Scotland
- **death place**: Inverness, Scotland
- **office**: Leader of the House of Commons
Lord President of the Council
- **term start**: 8 June 2001
- **term end**: 17 March 2003
- **primeminister**: Tony Blair
- **predecessor**: Margaret Beckett
- **successor**: John Reid (politician), John Reid
- **office2**: Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
- **term start2**: 2 May 1997
- **term end2**: 8 June 2001
- **predecessor2**: Malcolm Rifkind
- **successor2**: Jack Straw (politician), Jack Straw
- **constituency mp3**: Edinburgh Central (UK Parliament constituency), Edinburgh Central
- **term start3**: 28 February 1974
- **term end3**: 9 June 1983
- **predecessor3**: Thomas Oswald
- **successor3**: Alexander MacPherson Fletcher, Alexander Fletcher
- **constituency mp4**: Livingston (UK Parliament constituency), Livingston
- **term start4**: 9 June 1983
- **term end4**: 6 August 2005
- **predecessor4**: _(new constituency)_
- **successor4**: Jim Devine
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu

The **Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu** (_Cultural Leonese Association of the Leonese Language El Fueyu_) is a Leonese language who wants to promote the knowledge of Leonese language and the defense of the rights of Leonese language speakers.

## History

Leonese language association El Fueyu born in Llión in 2005, an actually develops its activities mainly in the provinces of Llión, Zamora and Salamanca (Spain).

## Courses

The _Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu_ have signed many agreements with the most important leonese institutions for teaching Leonese language in official courses.
Between them, there are the City Councils of Llión, Mansilla de las Mulas, Coyanza, La Bañeza or Zamora, and the Provincial Government of León

## Leonese Language Day

With the agreement signed between the Provincial Government of León and the _Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu_ born the Leonese Language Day on June 20th, 2006. After that year, the Leonese City Council organizes that Day with the support of the Leonese language associations.

## Leonese literature

Leonese language book Cuentos del Sil (Tales of the Sil) was published with the agreement between the Provincial Government of León and the Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu.  In its edition collaborated the Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín. In this book several authors from or with rellations with El Bierzu wrote stories in Leonese language.

## Related pages

- Leonese language
- Cuentos del Sil
- Asociación Berciana en Defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín
- Asociación de Profesores y Monitores de Llingua Llïonesa

## Other websites

- Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu (in Leonese language and English)
Samuel Bailey

**Samuel Bailey** (5 July 1791 – 18 January 1870) was a British philosopher and writer. He was called the "Bentham of Hallamshire".

## Life

Samuel Bailey was born at Sheffield on 5 July 1791. He was the son of Joseph Bailey and Mary Eadon. His father was one of the first of those Sheffield merchants who went to the United States to establish trade connections. After a few years in his father's business, he retired with a fortune from all business concerns, with the exception of the Sheffield Banking Company, where he was chairman for many years. Although he was an avid liberal, he did not take part in political affairs very much. On only two occasions he ran for Sheffield as a "Radicals (UK)|philosophic radical", but he did not win.

He died on 18 January 1870, leaving over £80,000 to the town trustees of Sheffield so that it can be used for the public.

## Infobox (_philosopher)

- **region**: Western Philosophy
- **era**: 19th-century philosophy
- **color**: #B0C4DE
- **name**: Samuel Bailey
- **birth**:
Sheffield, England
- **death**:
Sheffield, England
- **school tradition**: Utilitarianism
Liberalism
- **main interests**: Economics
Political philosophy
Inductive reasoning, Inductive Logic
Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers

**Samuel Liddell** (or **Liddel**)** "MacGregor" Mathers**, born as **Samuel Liddell** (8 or 11 January 1854 – 5 or 20 November 1918), was one of the most influential figures in modern occultism.

## Early life

Samuel Liddell was born on either 8 or 11 January 1854 in Hackney, London, England. His father, William M. Mathers, died while Samuel Liddell was still a boy. His mother, whose maiden name was Collins, died in 1885. He attended Bedford Grammar School, and worked in Bournemouth, Dorset, as a clerk, before moving to London following the death of his mother.

His wife was Moina Mathers, sister of French philosopher Henri Bergson.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
- **image**: Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in Egyptian getup.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Samuel Liddell "MacGregor" Mathers, in Egyptian costume, performs a ritual of Isis in the rites of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Golden Dawn
- **birth name**: Samuel Liddell
- **birth date**: 8 January 1854 or 11 January 1854
- **birth place**: Hackney Central, London, England.
- **death date**: 5 November 1918 or 20 November 1918
- **nationality**: British
- **known for**: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
- **alma mater**: Bedford Grammar School
- **occupation**: Occultist
- **spouse**: Moina Mathers
- **parents**: William M. Mathers
Dickie Davies

**Richard "Dickie" Davies** (30 April 1928 – 19 February 2023) was a British television presenter who was famous for presenting _World Of Sport_ on ITV from 1965 to 1985 as well as hosting many other sports programmes on the station.
Davies married Liz Hastings, a vision mixer at Southern Television, in 1962. They had twin sons.

Davies died on 19 February 2023, at the age of 94.

Davies is mentioned in the song "Dickie Davies Eyes" by Half Man Half Biscuit.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dickie Davies
- **image**: File:Dickie Davies.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **image caption**: Davies in 2012
- **birth name**: Richard John Davies
- **birth place**: Wallasey, Cheshire, England
- **occupation**: Television presenter
- **known for**: _World of Sport (UK TV series), World of Sport_
- **children**: 2
Autofellatio

**Autofellatio** is an act of masturbation where a man sucks or licks his own penis. Only men who have enough flexibility, penis size or both can perform autofellatio. Autofellatio is a niche in pornography.  Scientists have seen some animals, such as the Cape ground squirrel, doing autofellatio as well as manual masturbation.

According to historians, autofellatio in Ancient Egypt had a religious meaning.
Văleni River

**Văleni River** can be any of the following rivers in Romania:
- Văleni - tributary of the Arieş River
- Văleni - tributary of the Câlneş River
- Văleni - another name of the Valea Mare River, tributary of the Homorod River.
- Văleni - another name of the Râul Vălenilor tributary of the Iza River
- Văleni - tributary of the Mureş River
- Văleni - tributary of the Niraj River
Jim Thome

**James Howard Thome** (born on August 27, 1970) is a former professional baseball player.  Thome played 22 seasons from 1991 to 2012.  In the past, he played for the Cleveland Indians, the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago White Sox, and the LA Dodgers.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Jim Thome
- **image**: File:Jim Thome (7360365380).jpg
- **width**: 250
- **position**: First baseman / Designated hitter / Third baseman
- **birth place**: Peoria, Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Right
- **debutdate**: September 4
- **debutyear**: 1991
- **debutteam**: Cleveland Indians
- **finaldate**: October 3
- **finalyear**: 2012
- **finalteam**: Baltimore Orioles
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .276
- **stat2label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat2value**: 2,328
- **stat3label**: Home runs
- **stat3value**: 612
- **stat4label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat4value**: 1,699
- **stat5label**: Base on balls
- **stat5value**: 1,747
- **teams**: *Cleveland Indians (-)
*Philadelphia Phillies (-)
*Chicago White Sox (-)
*Los Angeles Dodgers ()
*Minnesota Twins (-)
*Philadelphia Phillies ()
*Baltimore Orioles ()
- **hofdate**: 2018
- **hofvote**: 89.8% (first ballot)
- **hofmethod**: BBWAA
- **hoffuture**: true
Red River of the South

The **Red River** is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It begins in Texas, and flows through the states of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. It merges with the Mississippi River in Louisiana. The river's name comes from the red clay that is found along it. The Red is about  long.

The biggest dam on the Red River is Denison Dam, which was created in 1943. It forms Lake Texoma. This lake covers 89,000 acres (360 square kilometers). There are also some other dams on the river's tributaries. At its end at the Mississippi River, it has a flow of 7,000 cubic feet (200 cubic meters) of water every second. In early 2009, the river experienced a series of catastrophic floods.

## References

- Tyson, Carl N. _The Red River in Southwestern History_. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1981.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Red River
- **name native**: Bah'hatteno
- **name other**: Rivière Rouge (former French name), Río Colorado (former Spanish name)
- **image**: redriverbonhamtx.jpg
- **image size**: 280px
- **image caption**: Red River looking east, north of Bonham, Texas:
Texas is to the right, Oklahoma is on the left, and the border between the two states runs along the south (right) bank of the river.
- **map**: Redrivermap1.jpg
- **map size**: 280
- **map caption**: Map of the Red River watershed
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United States
- **subdivision type2**: States
- **subdivision name2**: Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana
- **source1 location**: Harmon County, Oklahoma
- **mouth location**: Atchafalaya River
- **discharge1 location**: mouth; max and min at Alexandria, Louisiana, Alexandria, LA
Iguaçu Falls

**Iguaçu Falls** are a series of extremely large waterfalls that lie on the border of Argentina 80% and Brazil 20%. It is fed by the Iguaçu River, which flows into the Paraná River. 275 individual waterfalls side by side, some as tall as , make up the falls, though most are around . The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguaçu. It is one of the largest and most famous waterfalls in the world, receiving thousands of visitors each year.
Yosemite Falls

**Yosemite Falls** is a waterfall in Yosemite National Park, in California. It is the tallest measured waterfall in the United States. It is about  tall, with three drops of:
- plunge
- cascade
- plunge

It is a popular visitor attraction in the park.

Yosemite Falls flows in the spring, but may stop flowing by summer and fall, depending on how much rain falls in the area. The Falls are located in an area of the park called Yosemite Valley, a huge valley that is famous for its beauty and its unusual box shape. The falls is the 7th tallest in the world. Though some books and websites list Colonial Creek Falls as being higher, this waterfall has not been accurately measured and it does not have a plunge like Yosemite Falls does. It is probably the second most famous waterfall in America, after Niagara Falls in New York.
Lena River

The **Lena River** is a river in Siberia, flowing into the Arctic Ocean. With a length of , it is the tenth longest river in the world. With a watershed size of , it has the nineth largest watershed.

The Lena begins in the Baikal Mountains, a mountain range in central Siberia, at a point  west of Lake Baikal. The Lena flows northeast. Some of its major tributaries are the _Kirenga_, _Vitim_, _Oylokma_, _Aldan_, and _Vilyuy_ rivers. It empties into the Laptev Sea, a branch of the Arctic Ocean.

The name "Lena" comes from the word, _Elyu-Ene_, meaning "The Large River". The word comes from the _Evenks_, a people of Northern Asia.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Lena
- **image**: Lone-maiden-formation.jpg
- **image caption**: The Lena Pillars along the river near Yakutsk
- **map**: Lena River basin.png
- **map caption**: Lena watershed
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Russia
- **discharge1 location**: Kyusyur, Russia (Basin size: ;
- **discharge1 avg**: (Period of data: 1971-2015)
(Period of data: 1970-1999)
- **discharge2 location**: Kirensk
- **discharge3 location**: Vitim
- **discharge4 location**: Olyokminsk
- **discharge5 location**: Vilyuy inflow
- **source1**: Baikal Mountains, Irkutsk Oblast
- **source1 coordinates**: (approximately)
- **mouth**: Lena Delta
- **mouth location**: Arctic Ocean, Laptev Sea
- **tributaries left**: Vilyuy
- **tributaries right**: Kirenga, Vitim (river), Vitim, Olyokma, Aldan (river), Aldan
- **discharge1**: Lena Delta, Laptev Sea, Russia
Multiannual discharge
(Period of data: 1984-2018)
1999-2008:
1990-2006:
2004-2006:
2018-2019:
1940-2017:
1940-2019:
Teton Dam

**Teton Dam** was a dam on the Teton River in Idaho, in the  USA. When it was built, it was  long and  tall, making it one of the largest dams in the United States. It is most known for collapsing during spring runoff on June 5, 1976 a few months after it was completed. The resulting flood destroyed 10,000 acres of land and five cities.

The dam was never rebuilt. Although the U.S. Government paid $100 million to build the dam, it had to pay $300 million more dollars to pay for flood damages.
Johnstown Flood

The **Johnstown Flood**, otherwise known as the **Great Flood of 1889**, was a major flood that happened in a city called Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the eastern United States. It was on a river called the _Little Conemaugh River_. It was caused by the collapse of a dam called the _South Fork Dam_,  upstream, after several days of heavy rain. The date it happened was May 31, 1889. 2,209 people were killed by the 20 million tons of water that flooded the town. The flood also resulted in $17 million in damages.
Blois

**Blois** is a city in France on the Loire river, the prefecture of the Loir-et-Cher department.

It is very famous for its Renaissance chateau which was for many years a royal residence.

## Twin towns

These are the twin towns of Blois:
- Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany
- Weimar, Germany
- Lewes, United Kingdom
- Sighişoara, Romania
- Urbino, Italy
- Huế, Vietnam

## Other websites

- Official website
Predestination (Calvinism)

**Predestination** is a central belief in Calvinism. Calvinists believe that God picked those who he will save and bring with him to heaven before the world was created. They also believe that people who are not saved by  God will go to hell. John Calvin thought people who were saved could never lose their salvation and the "elected" (those God saved) would know they were saved because of their actions.

## Related pages

- Predestination
Bruce Smeaton

**Bruce Smeaton** (born  5 March 1938) is a composer, well known for writing music for Australian movies and television. He has written music for movies, short films, television, documentaries and advertisements.

He was born in Brighton, Victoria and currently lives in Binalong, New South Wales.

He has written music for movies including _Picnic at Hanging Rock_, _Seven Little Australians_, _The Cars That Ate Paris_ and _The Devil's Playground._

His music has been published by Southern Cross Records and 1M1 Records labels.

### Documentaries

- _Bush, Books and Breedens_ (1973)
- _My Brother Wartovo_ (1973)
- _Kangaroo Island_ (1974)
- _Pozieres_ (2000)

### Movies

- _Libido_ (1973)
- _The Cars That Ate Paris_ (1974)
- _Picnic at Hanging Rock_ (1975)
- _The Great Macarthy_ (1975)
- _The Devils Playground_ (1976)
- _The Trespassers_ (1976)
- _Eliza Fraser_ also called _The Adventures of Eliza Fraser_ (1976)
- _Summerfield_ (1977)
- _The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith_ (1978)
- _Circle of Iron_ also called _The Silent Flute_ (1978)
- _The Last of the Knucklemen_ (1979)
- _Grendel Grendel Grendel_ (1980)
- _...Maybe This Time_ (1980)
- _Double Deal_ (1981)
- _Monkey Grip_ (1982)
- _Squizzy Taylor_ (1982)
- _Barbarosa_ (1982)
- _Undercover_ (1983)
- _Iceman_ (1984)
- _The Naked Country_ (1984)
- _Departure_ (1985)
- _Plenty_ (1985)
- _Eleni_ (1985)
- _Contagion_ (1987)
- _Roxanne_ (1987)
- _Evil Angels_ also called _A Cry in the Dark_ (1988)
- _Wendy Cracked a Walnut_ also called _Almost_ (1989)
- _The Missing_ (1999)

### Short films

- _The Clown and the Mindreader_ (no date)

### Television

- _Seven Little Australians_ (1973, miniseries)
- _Ben Hall_ (1975, TV series)
- _Tandarra_ (1976, miniseries)
- _Patrol Boat_ (1979, TV series)
- _The Timeless Land_ (1980, miniseries)
- _A Town Like Alice_ (1981, miniseries)
- _1915_ (1982, miniseries)
- _Five Mile Creek_ (1983, TV series)
- _The Coral Island_ (1983, miniseries)
- _Eureka Stockade_ (1984, miniseries)
- _Boy in the Bush_ (1984, miniseries)
- _A Thousand Skies_ (1986, miniseries)
- _Jackson's Crew_ (1986, pilot)
- _Tusitala_ (1986, miniseries)
- _The Alien Years_ (1988, movie)
- _Act of Betrayal_ (1988, movie)
- _Naked Under Capricorn_ (1989, movie)
- _The Private War of Lucinda Smith_ (1990, dramatised documentary)
- _The Last of the Ryans_ (1997, movie)
Ryan Jones

**Ryan Paul Jones**  (born 13 March 1981) is a Welsh international rugby player. He played for Wales from 2004 to 2014. He also played for Ospreys at the Liberty Stadium. Jones was born in Newport, Wales.

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2021.

In July 2022, Jones announced he was diagnosed with a rare form of early-onset dementia.

## Other websites

- Information
Jim Magilton

**Jim Magilton** (born 6 May 1969 in Belfast) is a former association football manager.  He used to play football and is the former manager of Ipswich Town F.C.
David Sheepshanks

**David Sheepshanks** is the former chairman of the English association football club Ipswich Town F.C.. He has since been replaced by Marcus Evans
Morecambe

**Morecambe** is a town in the county Lancashire. It is in the North of England. It has a football team in league 2 of the football league. It is a seaside holiday area. It is famous for its food from the sea and Mr Blobby. It is in the City of Lancaster district.
Hof (district)

**Hof** () is a rural district in Upper Franconia in north Bavaria, Germany. However the district does not include the city of Hof, which is an urban district itself.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=33%|Towns|align=left width=33%|Municipalities|align=left width=33%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||#Helmbrechts #Lichtenberg #Münchberg #Naila #Rehau #Schauenstein #Schwarzenbach am Wald #Schwarzenbach an der Saale #Selbitz||#Bad Steben #Berg #Döhlau #Feilitzsch #Gattendorf #Geroldsgrün #Issigau #Köditz #Konradsreuth||<ol start=10> <li>Leupoldsgrün <li>Oberkotzau <li>Regnitzlosau <li>Sparneck <li>Stammbach <li>Töpen <li>Trogen <li>Weißdorf <li>Zell im Fichtelgebirge </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Hof
- **state**: Bavaria
- **image flag**: Flagge Landkreis Hof.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Hof COA.svg
- **capital**: Hof, Germany, Hof
- **regierungsbezirk**: Upper Franconia
- **region**: Oberfranken-Ost
- **area**: 893
- **kreisschlüssel**: 09475
- **population**: 106,142
- **population as of**: 2005
- **density**: 96
- **carsign**: HO, MÜB, NAI, REH, SAN
- **url**: [http://www.landkreis-hof.de landkreis-hof.de]
Home on the Range (disambiguation)

"**Home on the Range**" may mean:

- _Home on the Range_, the state song of Kansas, U.S.
- _Home on the Range_, a Disney animated movie
- _Home on the Range_ (soundtrack), the soundtrack album from the movie
- _A Home on the Range_, an American documentary about Jewish chicken ranchers
Regnitzlosau

**Regnitzlosau** is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany, bordered with the Czech Republic. Regnitzlosau was established in 1234 by three members of the nobility: Cunradus de Lasan, Arnoldus de Lasan and Ciban de Lasan.

## Other websites

- Official website (in German)
- Protestant Church of Regnitzlosau (in German)

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: Wappen Regnitzlosau.svg
- **image photo**: Regnitzlosau 2008-05-11.JPG
- **image caption**: Regnitzlosau seen from the south
- **image plan**: Regnitzlosau in HO.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberfranken
- **district**: Hof
- **elevation**: 495-602
- **area**: 39.90
- **postal code**: 95194
- **area code**: 09294
- **licence**: HO
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 4 75 161
- **website**: [http://www.regnitzlosau.de www.regnitzlosau.de]
- **mayor**: Jürgen Schnabel
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: FW
A.Z. Alkmaar

**AZ** (Alkmaar Zaanstreek) or **AZ Alkmaar**  is an football club from Alkmaar and the Zaanstreek, the Netherlands.

It was a merger of two clubs: **Alkmaar '54** and **FC Zaanstreek.** in 1967.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: AZ
- **fullname**: Alkmaar Zaanstreek
- **founded**: 1967
- **ground**: AFAS Stadion, Alkmaar
- **capacity**: 17,150
- **chairman**: René Neelissen
- **manager**: Pascal Jansen
- **league**: Eredivisie
- **season**: 2018/19
- **position**: 4th
Football League play-offs

**The Football League play-offs** are a series of football (soccer) matches to decide who is promoted in the English football leagues.
Cone cell

**Cone cells** or simply **cones** are special photoreceptor cells in the retina. They react to light and work best in relatively bright light.

Cone cells are less sensitive to light than rod cells. Rod cells are more sensitive, but cannot tell colors apart. Human eyes usually have three different types of cone cells. That allows the brain to tell colors apart. Their reaction to stimuli is faster than that of the rod cells. For this reason, they can perceive finer details, and more rapid changes in images.

The three kinds of human cones have different photopsins. Each photopsin has a different response curve to light, and so responds to color in different ways. This gives trichromatic vision. Being color blind means a lack of one or two types of cone cells.

In a publication done in 1935, Osterberg thinks that there are about 6 million cone cells in a human eye.
Joni Mitchell

**Roberta Joan Anderson** (born November 7, 1943 in Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada), better known as **Joni Mitchell**, is a Canadian songwriter, musician and artist. Her usual musical instrument is a guitar. Her songs include "Big Yellow Taxi", "Woodstock" (about the 1969 Woodstock Festival), "Free Man In Paris", "Help Me" and "Both Sides Now". Her name Mitchell comes from her first marriage (to Chuck Mitchell).

She first began singing folk music while she attended art school, to earn spending money. In time, her songs and style got her noticed, and she became a professional musician. She signed a recording contract, and her first album appeared in 1968. "Both Sides Now" also boosted the musical career of Judy Collins, another folksinger, whose cover version became a popular hit. She also performs in the contralto range.

Mitchell had romantic relationships with Graham Nash and David Crosby, both of the band Crosby, Stills & Nash. She also did artwork for one of their album covers. She was scheduled to appear at the Woodstock Festival, as CSN was (joined by Neil Young), but she had to cancel. Her song "Woodstock" still became a hit for CSN, and summed up for many people the meaning of the festival.

During the 1970s, Mitchell changed from folk music to jazz, and she lost some of her fans. Many other people enjoyed her later music, though, including an album she made with Charles Mingus, a legendary jazz musician. The album was Mingus's last project before his death.

Not all of Mitchell's records have been hits, and she resisted compiling a "best-ofs" or "greatest hits" album for many years, feeling that if she did so, her career would be "over". She did finally release a pair of recordings, _Hits_ (which contained her biggest hit records) and _Misses_ (which included some of her favorite songs, that were not hits). She continues to perform, and to paint pictures. Her paintings are displayed in galleries around the world.

Before she became famous, Mitchell gave up a newborn daughter for adoption in Canada. During the 1990s, the two got back in contact, and now have a good relationship.

Though she first became famous during the 1960s, Mitchell does not  that era. She reminds listeners of the negative parts of it, and encourages them to make the present better.

In March 2015, Mitchell was found unconscious in her Los Angeles home. She regained consciousness in an ambulance on her way to hospital, but was taken to intensive care for tests.She had a brain aneurysm. She was diagnosed with a throat tumor later the next day.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Song to a Seagull_ (1968)
- _Clouds_ (1969)
- _Ladies to the Canyon_ (1970)
- _Blue_ (1971)
- _For the Roses_ (1972)
- _Court and Spark_ (1974)
- _The Hissing of Summer Lawns_ (1975)
- _Hejira_ (1976)
- _Don Juan's Reckless Daughter_ (1977)
- _Mingus_ (1979)
- _Wild Things Run Fast_ (1982)
- _Dog Eat Dog_ (1985)
- _Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm_ (1988)
- _Night Ride Home_ (1991)
- _Turbulent Indigo_ (1994)
- _Taming the Tiger_ (1998)
- _Shine_ (2007)
Ocean current

An **ocean current** is a continuous movement of ocean water from one place to another. Ocean currents are created by wind, water temperature, salt content, and the gravity of the moon. The current's direction and speed depend on the shoreline and the ocean floor. They can flow for thousands of miles and are found in all the major oceans of the world. One major example of an ocean current is the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean.
Ocean currents can be found on the water surface and deeper down.
- Currents on the surface often depend on wind. They travel clockwise in the northern hemisphere. They travel counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere. They are found up to  below the surface of the ocean.
- Deeper currents depend on water pressure, temperature, and salt content.

### Arctic Ocean

- East Greenland Current
- Norwegian Current
- Beaufort Gyre (water or ice flow)
- Transpolar Drift (water or ice flow)

### Atlantic Ocean

- Agulhas Current
- Angola Current
- Antilles Current
- Azores Current
- Baffin Island Current
- Benguela current
- Brazil Current
- Canary Current
- Cape Horn Current
- Caribbean Current
- East Greenland Current
- East Iceland Current
- Falkland Current
- Florida Current
- Guiana Current
- Guinea Current
- Gulf Stream
- Irminger Current
- Labrador Current
- Lomonosov current (a deep current)
- Loop Current
- North Atlantic Current
- North Atlantic Drift
- North Brazil Current
- North Equatorial Current
- North Equatorial Counter Current
- Norwegian Current
- Portugal Current
- Slope/Shelf Edge Current
- Slope Jet Current
- South Atlantic Current
- South Equatorial Current
- Spitsbergen Current
- Subtropical Counter Current
- West Greenland Current
- West Wind Drift

### Pacific Ocean

- Alaska Current
- Aleutian Current
- California Current
- Cromwell current (a deep current)
- East Australian Current
- Equatorial Counter Current
- Humboldt Current (or Peru Current)
- Kamchatka Current
- Kuroshio Current (or Japan Current, Kuro Siwo)
- Mindanao Current
- North Equatorial Current
- North Pacific Current (or North Pacific Drift)
- Oyashio Current (or Oya Siwo)
- South Equatorial Current
- West Wind Drift

### Indian Ocean

- Agulhas Current
- East Madagascar Current
- Equatorial Counter Current
- Indonesian Through-flow
- Leeuwin Current
- Madagascar Current
- Mozambique Current
- Somali Current
- South Australian Counter Current
- South Equatorial Current
- Southwest and Northeast Monsoon Drift (or Indian Monsoon Current)
- West Australian Current
- West Wind Drift

### Southern Ocean

- Antarctic Circumpolar Current
- Weddell Gyre
- Tasman Outflow
Immortal game

**The Immortal Game** was a chess game played on 21 June 1851 by Adolf Anderssen  and Lionel Kieseritzky. Anderssen was White, and he played the King's Gambit opening. The number of pieces Anderssen sacrificed (gave up) in order to win has made it one of the most famous chess games of all time. Anderssen gave up both his rooks, a bishop, then his queen, checkmating his opponent with the remaining bishop and two knights.
Mount Redoubt

**Mount Redoubt**, also called **Redoubt Volcano**, is a volcano in the U.S. state of Alaska. It rises  above sea level and  above the valleys around it. It is about  from the city of Anchorage.

On March 22, 2009, Mount Redoubt erupted, sending ash high in the air and covering the mountains around with ash. No people live near Mount Redoubt, but the ash spread into towns and cities and the airport of Anchorage was closed shortly. Other years when it erupted include 1902, 1922, 1966, and 1989.
Allan Hunter (footballer)

**Allan Hunter** (born 30 June 1946 in Northern Ireland) is a former Northern Irish football player.

He was a defender. He also spent most of his career at Ipswich Town. He made over 350 appearances in eleven years.

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|Nat|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="5"|Record|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Colchester United||align=left|5 May 1982|align=left|18 January 1983|32|17|7|12|47.2|

## Honours

**Ipswich Town**
- FA Cup: 1978

**Individual**
- Ipswich Town Player of the Year: 1975–1976
- Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2009

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Allan Hunter
- **image**: Nederland tegen Noord Ierland aanvoerders Cruijff en reiken voor aanvang elk, Bestanddeelnr 928-8291.jpg
- **caption**: Johan Cruijff and Allan Hunter (Rotterdam, 1976)
- **birth place**: Sion Mills, Northern Ireland
- **position**: Defender (association football), Central defender
- **youthclubs1**: Coleraine F.C., Coleraine
- **years1**: 1962–1966
- **years2**: 1966–1969
- **years3**: 1969–1972
- **years4**: 1971–1982
- **years5**: 1982
- **clubs1**: Coleraine F.C., Coleraine
- **clubs2**: Oldham Athletic F.C., Oldham Athletic
- **clubs3**: Blackburn Rovers F.C., Blackburn Rovers
- **clubs4**: Ipswich Town F.C., Ipswich Town
- **clubs5**: Colchester United F.C., Colchester United
- **caps1**: 97
- **caps2**: 83
- **caps3**: 84
- **caps4**: 280
- **caps5**: 19
- **goals1**: 2
- **goals2**: 1
- **goals3**: 1
- **goals4**: 8
- **goals5**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 563
- **totalgoals**: 12
- **nationalyears1**: 1969–1979
- **nationalteam1**: Northern Ireland national football team, Northern Ireland
- **nationalcaps1**: 53
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 1982–1983
- **managerclubs1**: Colchester United F.C., Colchester United
Ray Crawford (footballer)

**Raymond Crawford** (born 13 July 1936 in Portsmouth) is a former English association footballer.

## Honours

**Ipswich Town**
- First Division/Premier League: 1961–62

- Second Division/Championship: 1960–61, 1967–68

**Individual**
- Football League Second Division top scorer: 1960–61
- Football League First Division top scorer: 1961–62
- Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2007
- Colchester United Player of the Year: 1970–71

- Colchester United Hall of Fame

**Records**
- Ipswich Town F.C. all-time top scorer: 218 goals.
- The first footballer to score hat-tricks in the Football League, League Cup, FA Cup and European Cup.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ray Crawford
- **image**: Ray_Crawford_and_Ted_Phillips.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Ray Crawford (left) and former team-mate Ted Phillips (footballer), Ted Phillips at Portman Road
- **fullname**: Raymond Crawford
- **birth place**: Portsmouth, Hampshire, England
- **position**: Striker
- **youthyears1**: 1954–1957
- **youthclubs1**: Portsmouth F.C., Portsmouth
- **years1**: 1957–1958
- **years2**: 1958–1963
- **years3**: 1963–1965
- **years4**: 1965–1966
- **years5**: 1966–1969
- **years6**: 1969
- **years7**: 1969–1970
- **years8**: 1970–1971
- **years9**: 1971
- **clubs1**: Portsmouth F.C., Portsmouth
- **clubs2**: Ipswich Town F.C., Ipswich Town
- **clubs3**: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers
- **clubs4**: West Bromwich Albion F.C., West Bromwich Albion
- **clubs5**: Ipswich Town F.C., Ipswich Town
- **clubs6**: Charlton Athletic F.C., Charlton Athletic
- **clubs7**: Kettering Town F.C., Kettering Town
- **clubs8**: Colchester United F.C., Colchester United
- **clubs9**: Durban City F.C. (1959), Durban City
- **caps1**: 19
- **caps2**: 197
- **caps3**: 57
- **caps4**: 14
- **caps5**: 123
- **caps6**: 21
- **caps7**: –
- **caps8**: 45
- **caps9**: 6
- **goals1**: 9
- **goals2**: 143
- **goals3**: 39
- **goals4**: 6
- **goals5**: 61
- **goals6**: 7
- **goals7**: -
- **goals8**: 24
- **goals9**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 1961–1962
- **nationalteam1**: England national football team, England
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
Ted Phillips

**Edward John "Ted" Phillips** (21 August 1933 – 9 January 2018) was an English retired footballer.

Phillips died on 9 January 2018 from dementia at the age of 84.

## Honours

**Ipswich Town**
- Football League First Division Winner (1): 1961–62
- Football League Second Division Winner (1): 1960–61
- Football League Third Division South Winner (1): 1956–57

**Individual**
- Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2007

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Edward Jhon Phelps
- **image**: Ray_Crawford_and_Ted_Phillips.jpg
- **caption**: Ted Phillips (right) and former team-mate Ray Crawford (footballer), Ray Crawford at Portman Road
- **fullname**: Edward John Phillips
- **birth place**: Gromford, Suffolk, England
- **position**: Striker (football), Striker
- **years1**: ?
- **years2**: 1953–1964
- **years3**: 1964–1965
- **years4**: 1965
- **years5**: 1965–1966
- **clubs1**: Leiston F.C.
- **clubs2**: Ipswich Town F.C., Ipswich Town
- **clubs3**: Leyton Orient F.C., Leyton Orient
- **clubs4**: Luton Town F.C., Luton Town
- **clubs5**: Colchester United F.C., Colchester United
- **caps1**: ?
- **caps2**: 269
- **caps3**: 36
- **caps4**: 12
- **caps5**: 32
- **goals1**: ?
- **goals2**: 161
- **goals3**: 17
- **goals4**: 8
- **goals5**: 13
Matteo Sereni

**Matteo Sereni** (born February 11, 1975) is an Italian association footballer.  He is a goalkeeper and he currently plays for Torino F.C. in Serie A.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Matteo Sereni
- **image**: File:Matteo Sereni.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: Parma, Italy
- **currentclub**: Free agent
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1993–1995
- **youthclubs1**: U.C. Sampdoria, Sampdoria
- **youthyears2**: 1994–1995
- **youthclubs2**: → A.C. Crevalcore (loan)
- **years1**: 1995–2001
- **caps1**: 85
- **goals1**: 0
- **clubs1**: U.C. Sampdoria, Sampdoria
- **years2**: 1997–1998
- **caps2**: 34
- **goals2**: 0
- **clubs2**: → Piacenza Calcio, Piacenza (loan)
- **years3**: 1998–1999
- **caps3**: 30
- **goals3**: 0
- **clubs3**: → Empoli F.C., Empoli (loan)
- **years4**: 2001–2003
- **caps4**: 25
- **goals4**: 0
- **clubs4**: Ipswich Town F.C., Ipswich
- **years5**: 2002–2003
- **caps5**: 23
- **goals5**: 0
- **clubs5**: → Brescia Calcio, Brescia (loan)
- **years6**: 2003–2007
- **caps6**: 31
- **goals6**: 0
- **clubs6**: S.S. Lazio, Lazio
- **years7**: 2006
- **caps7**: 7
- **goals7**: 0
- **clubs7**: → Treviso F.B.C. 1993, Treviso (loan)
- **years8**: 2007–2010
- **caps8**: 89
- **goals8**: 0
- **clubs8**: Torino F.C., Torino
- **years9**: 2010–2011
- **caps9**: 15
- **goals9**: 0
- **clubs9**: Brescia Calcio, Brescia
- **nationalyears1**: 1995–1997
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalteam1**: Italy national under-21 football team, Italy U21
- **pcupdate**: 23 August 2009
River Orwell

The **River Orwell** is a river that flows through Suffolk in England.
Bank of America Plaza (Atlanta)

**Bank of America Plaza** is a skyscraper in Atlanta, United States.  It is  tall and has 55 floors.  It was built in 1992. It is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the United States
- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Official Website - Bank of America Plaza
- Emporis.com - Bank of America Plaza
- SkycraperPage.com – Bank of America Plaza

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Bank of America Plaza
- **image**: Bank of America Plaza from North Ave near old Wacovia Building garage.JPG
- **location**: Atlanta
- **location country**: United States
- **floor count**: 55
- **completion date**: 1992
- **antenna spire**: 312 m (1023 ft)
U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)

**U.S. Bank Tower** is a skyscraper in Los Angeles, California, United States.  It is 310 meters (1018 feet) tall and has 73 floors.  It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.  It is one of the tallest building in the United States that is west of the Mississippi River. It is also the second tallest building in Los Angeles and California, after the Wilshire Grand Center.

At first it was named **Library Tower**, but in 1993 it became U.S. Bank Tower.

## Other websites

- Official Website - U.S. Bank Tower
- Emporis.com - US Bank Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – US Bank Tower

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: U.S. Bank Tower
- **former names**: Library Tower
First Interstate Bank World Center
- **image**: Los Angeles Library Tower (small) crop.jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **location**: 633 West Fifth Street
Los Angeles, California
- **location country**: United States
- **start date**: 1987
- **completion date**: 1989
- **architect**: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
Ellerbe Becket
- **owner**: Overseas Union Enterprise
- **floor count**: 73
2 below ground
- **map type**: United States Los Angeles Central
- **building type**: Commercial offices
- **elevator count**: 24
- **structural engineer**: CBM Engineers
James A. Knowles & Associates
- **main contractor**: Turner Construction Company
- **developer**: Maguire Properties
- **management**: Hines Interests
JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston)

**JPMorgan Chase Tower** is a skyscraper in Houston, United States. It is 305 meters (1002 feet) tall and has 75 floors. It was built in 1982 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the United States
- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Official Website - JPMorgan Chase Tower
- Emporis.com - JPMorgan Chase Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – JPMorgan Chase Tower

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: JPMorgan Chase Tower
- **image**: Chase Tower, a block away.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **former names**: Texas Commerce Tower in United Energy Plaza
Texas Commerce Tower
- **alternate names**: Chase Tower
- **location**: 600 Travis Street
Houston, Texas
- **status**: completed
- **building type**: Office, Observation, Communication, Resturant
- **floor count**: 75
- **elevator count**: 52
- **cost**: U.S. $2 billion
- **architect**: I.M. Pei & Partners
Ziegler Cooper Architects
- **structural engineer**: CBM Engineers
- **main contractor**: Turner Construction
- **developer**: Hines Interests Limited Partnership
Karl Muck

**Karl Muck**, (his first name is sometimes spelt **Carl**, his surname rhymes with “book”) (born Darmstadt,  22 October 1859; died Stuttgart,  4 March 1940) was a German conductor.  He was one of the greatest conductors of his day, especially famous for his conducting of operas by Richard Wagner.

## Early life

Karl Muck’s father was a Bavarian politician and amateur musician.  After his school years he studied music at the Conservatory in Würzburg.  He also studied classical philology at the University of Heidelberg.  In 1877 he continued his music studies in Leipzig, learning the piano with Carl Reinecke.  His first public performance was in 1880, the year in which he graduated with a doctorate, playing the piano in the Piano Concerto by Xaver Scharwenka at the Leipzig Gewandhaus.

## Career

Soon he spent all his time conducting operas.  He conducted in Zürich, Salzburg, Brno and Graz, and got a conductor’s job in Prague and later in Berlin.  He conducted the operas of Wagner’s Ring Cycle with great success as well as many performances of _Parsifal_. In 1912 he became the conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and from 1922 until he retired in 1933 he conducted the Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra.

Muck was one of the first conductors to be internationally famous for travelling about conducting orchestras in many parts of the world.  He was a strict conductor who thought it was very important that the players should do exactly what the composer asks for in the score.

He was imprisoned in the United States during World War I, because of his support for Germany and because he refused to conduct the _Star Spangled Banner_.  After the war he was sent away and not allowed to return to America.  After his death a square in Hamburg was named after him, although in 1997 it was renamed “Johannes Brahms Square” because Muck had praised Adolf Hitler.