juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Live CD

A **Live CD**, **Live DVD**, or **Live Distro** is a special way of creating a computer operating system so that it is able to run without installing anything on the computer first. This special operating system is used when the computer is booting up, and runs all its programs off the object it is put on. The name of the operating system usually has something to do with the object, such as "_Live CD_" for CDs, "_Live DVD_" for DVDs, or "_Live USB_" for USB flash drives.

"_Distro_" is short for Distribution, and is used because different types of Linux operating systems are called Linux Distributions, and Linux Distros were the first operating systems to be made into Live CDs. A "_Live Distro_" is used to refer to all different kinds of these special operating systems, instead of just the ones on a certain object.

The word "_live_" is used to describe the special way that the operating system is set up so that it can run on a computer without needing to install anything first.

## History

The first Linux-based Live CD was Yggdrasil Linux (it stopped being made in 1995), but it did not work well because back then CD drives could not read CDs fast enough. in 2003, a Live CD based on Debian called Knoppix was released. Many people liked to use Knoppix, both as an operating system, and as a way of fixing a computer. Many more people have started using Live CDs since then, because of programs like Linux Live scripts and remastersys which make it very easy to make your own personalized Live CD.

## Uses

Some Live Distros are made to demonstrate how an operating system would work on a computer, without making you install it first.

Other Live Distros come with a variety of software which help fix different problems that can happen with a computer, such as if they get a computer virus, or if a person forgets their password.

People also create Live Distros to demonstrate new ways of making operating systems, or proving that an operating system can run on a new type of computer.

## Screenshots

Here are some images/screenshots of live CDs:

## Related pages

- remastersys, a simple tool to create a customized ubuntu Live CD/DVD
- List of Linux distributions

## Other websites

- FreeBSD LiveCD
- Linux Live scripts
- Build your own Custom Live CD
- Bootable CDROM HowTo
- LiveDistro.org : Extensive build/remaster howtos, tools and release announcements.
- Guide: Howto remaster a sidux live CD
- The Live CD List links & information on over 300 Live CDs
- Long list of LiveCDs at the Knoppix Wiki
- The magic of live CDs  Article published on Free Software Magazine about LiveDistros
- Live CD News
- Live CD Build Scripts
- Pondering Live CDs - A BSD perspective on the concept of Live CDs
- Darknet 10 Best Security Live CD Distros for pen-test, forensics, and recovery
Deccan Herald

The ***Deccan Herald*** is an English language newspaper published in Karnataka. The newspaper started in 1948.

## Other websites

- Official Website
PSV Eindhoven

**Philips Sport Vereniging** (English: _Philips Sports Union_), widely known either as **PSV** or **PSV Eindhoven**, is a sports club from Eindhoven, Netherlands. It is best known for its professional football (soccer) section.

### National

- **Eredivisie: 25**
    - **Winners:** 1928–29, 1934–35, 1950–51, 1962–63, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1996–97, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2023/24
- **KNVB Cup: 11**
    - **Winners:** 1949–50, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1995–96, 2004–05, 2011–12, 2021/22, 2022/23
- **Johan Cruyff Shield: 11**
    - **Winners:** 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2015, 2016 **(Record)**

### International

- **European Cup / UEFA Champions League: 1**
    - **Winners:** 1987–88
- **UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League: 1**
    - **Winners:** 1977–78

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: PSV
- **image size**: 225px
- **fullname**: Philips Sport Vereniging Naamloze vennootschap, NV
- **short name**: PSV
- **nickname**: _Boeren_ (Peasants/Farmers)
  _Lampen_ (Lightbulbs)
  _Rood-witten_ (Red and whites)
- **ground**: Philips Stadion
- **capacity**: 35,000
- **owntitle**: General manager
- **owner**: Toon Gerbrands
- **chairman**: Jan Albers
- **manager**: Peter Bosz
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **league**: Eredivisie
- **season**: 2023/24
- **position**: champions
- **website**: https://www.psv.nl/
- **pattern la1**: _psv2021h
- **pattern b1**: _psv2021h
- **pattern ra1**: _psv2021h
- **pattern sh1**: _psv2021h
- **pattern so1**: _psv2021hl
- **leftarm1**: FFFFFF
- **body1**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm1**: FFFFFF
- **shorts1**: 000000
- **socks1**: FFFFFF
- **pattern la2**: _psv2021a
- **pattern b2**: _psv2021a
- **pattern ra2**: _psv2021a
- **pattern sh2**: _psv2021a
- **pattern so2**: _psv2021al
- **leftarm2**: 77BBFF
- **body2**: 77BBFF
- **rightarm2**: 77BBFF
- **shorts2**: 77BBFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
- **pattern la3**: _psv2021t
- **pattern b3**: _psv2021t
- **pattern ra3**: _psv2021t
- **pattern sh3**: _psv2021h
- **pattern so3**: _psv2021T
- **leftarm3**: 000000
- **body3**: 000000
- **rightarm3**: 000000
- **shorts3**: 000000
- **socks3**: 000000
Dreamlinux

**Dreamlinux** was a Linux distribution, a collection of computer programs that is designed for the use of the Linux operating system on a computer.  The Dreamlinux distribution was made in Brazil, and is based on Debian, another commonly-used Linux distribution.  Dreamlinux can be used in Portuguese.

## Methods of booting

There are several ways to use Dreamlinux to run the Linux operating system on a computer.
- Using a compact disc called a live CD, the computer user can start up (or boot) the operating system straight from the disc without installing anything on the computer.
- The user can boot Dreamlinux in the same way from an external flash drive containing the programs, connected to the computer through a USB port.
- The user can install the programs in Dreamlinux on a computer's internal hard drive and run them from there.

## Graphical User Interface

Most operating systems have a graphical user interface, or GUI, which allows the user to interact with the programs using a graphical display.  The GUI which Dreamlinux uses looks similar to the one used by Apple's Mac OS X operating system, with a toolbar in the center.  The user can also download the "Engage" theme, which gives the toolbar some animated aspects.

## Related pages

- List of Linux distributions
- Xfce

## Other websites

- Official Dreamlinux site
- Official English forum

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: Dreamlinux
- **logo**:
- **screenshot**:
- **caption**: Dreamlinux 5.0
- **family**: Unix-like
- **latest release version**: 5.0
- **language**: English language, English and Portuguese language, Portuguese
- **kernel type**: Monolithic kernel, Monolithic
- **working state**: Discontinued
- **supported platforms**: IA-32
- **license**: Mainly the GNU GPL / various others
- **website**: http://www.dreamlinux.info
- http://www.dreamlinux.info
Cluniac Reforms

The **Cluniac (Clunian) Reform** was a series of changes within medieval monasticism. The reforms focused on restoring the traditional life in the monasteries. Monasteries should encourage the production of artworks. They should also care for the poor.

The reform is named after the Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy. It started in the Benedictine order there. The reform was largely carried out by Saint Odo. It spread through France (Burgundy, Provence, Auvergne, Poitou), England and much of Italy and Spain.

The reform was stated, because there was corruption in the Benedictine order. People thought this corruption came because people that were not priests and that came from outside the monasteries interfered with them. A Benetictine monastery needed land. This land was given by a Feudal lord. By giving the land, the lord would become the patron of the monastery.  However, he would often demand the right to interfere in the business of the monastery. The Cluny reform was an attempt to change this practice. A more independent abbot would have better success at enforcing the Rule of the order, it was thought.  William of Aquitaine formed the first Cluny monastery in 910 with the novel stipulation that the monastery would report directly to the pope rather than to a local lord. This meant essentially that the monastery would be independent, since the pope's authority was largely theoretical at that distance.

During its height (about 950–c.1130) the Cluniac movement was one of the largest religious forces in Europe. Among the most notable reform supporters were Pope Urban II, Lambert of Hersfeld and Abbot Richard of Saint Vannes at Verdun. The Cluniacs were supporters of the  Peace of God concept, as well as pilgrimages to the Holy Lands.

## References

Southern, R.W., _Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages_, London: Penguin Books, 1970.
Feather Linux

**Feather Linux**, created by Robert Sullivan, is a Knoppix-based Linux distribution which  fits in under 128 MB (while older versions were made to fit within 64 MB). It boots from either a CD or a USB Flash Drive, into a Fluxbox desktop environment. It has a wide range of desktop and rescue software, and can load entirely into RAM  or be installed to a hard drive. Feather Linux contains many GTK+ applications, such as AbiWord and Pidgin. Feather linux has tried to include software that people would frequently be using on their desktop.

With its most recent release being on 2005-07-04, Feather Linux is now not under development. This distribution is partly inspired by Damn Small Linux.

## Related pages

- Damn Small Linux
- List of Linux distributions

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: Feather Linux
- **screenshot**: Feather Linux Screenshot.png
- **family**: Unix-like
- **source model**: Open source
- **working state**: Dormant
- **latest release version**: 0.7.5
- **latest release date**: 2005-07-04
- **license**: Free software licenses
(mainly GPL)
- **website**: [http://featherlinux.berlios.de/ featherlinux.berlios.de]
Trutnov

**Trutnov** is a city in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic.
Rose window

**Rose window** is a word used to describe a round window design, which  is similar to the many petals of a rose. Most often the term is used to describe the round windows of some churches, especially those built in Gothic style.
Ageing

**Ageing** or **aging** is the many changes that happen in an individual over time. In living things, ageing includes most physical and psychological changes which happen after adulthood.

**Senescence** is the biological process which leads to ageing. There have been many attempts to answer the question: why do animals (especially humans) age?

In one way, ageing begins at birth, because cell division and growth is fastest then, and gradually slows down as time goes on.

In another way, ageing starts when the likelihood of death increases. Actuarial tables show the likelihood of death at each stage of life. These tables are used by insurance companies to assess the rates of insurance on life policies and pensions. It turns out that we are least likely to die when we are adolescents and young adults. The reason suggested by biologists (such as Peter Medawar and George C. Williams) is that this is the time most significant for reproduction, or was in mankind's past. The assumption is that the peak age of reproduction in mankind's history was lower than today. A gene can be expressed at various stages of life. Any allele of a gene which interfered with reproduction would have less chance of passing on to the next generation. The number of such genes in the population would automatically be reduced. Thus natural selection would virtually eliminate any inherited effect which reduced fertility.

However, later in life, inherited defects would have little or no effect on the population as a whole. In fact, during life our cells collect damage to their DNA which is random, but causes us to become gradually less fit as we age. And we have some cell types which never, or rarely, divide during adult life. Muscle cells and most neurons never divide in adult life. Obviously, they collect damage, and not just to the DNA. Also, we inherit various genetic conditions which have effect later in life, like Huntington's chorea. The twin effects of delayed heredity and buildup of damage is what makes us age. Protists do not age: they divide, and the next generation is just as good as the last. Why do even our dividing cells collect damage? The answer to that question is not known, but may be connected to a cell division phenomenon.

## An article

Ageing is not a popular topic in general publication. One recent work is worth noting. It goes over the ground well.

## Related pages

- Apoptosis
- Gerontology
- Hayflick limit
- Death
- Old age
- Supercentenarian
Physical attractiveness

**Physical attractiveness** means the different characteristics of someone's physical appearance that different humans consider beautiful in others. Physical attractiveness can also include sexual attractiveness; ideas about beauty, proportions, muscular development, and appearance.

Physical attractiveness can mean differently to different individuals and in different cultures. There is no single definition of physical attractiveness. In men, physical attractiveness may include slim waist and height. Meanwhile, female physical attractiveness can include youth, waist-hip ratio, mid upper arm circumference, body mass proportion and facial symmetry.
Souvenir

A **souvenir** (from French, for _memory_), **memento** or **keepsake** is an object a traveler brings home for the memories created during a trip. It can be a postcard, statue, magnet or little things that represent the place. Often bought as a gift for family or friends to share the memory with them.

## Online gift shops

Online gift shops are websites that sell products online that will be given to other people.

## Related pages

- Retail
- Online shopping
Panel

**Panel** could mean:

- A committee or jury used to decide some matter, such as in a court
- Control panel (engineering), a flat area with controls and indicators. Commonly found in aircraft but may be on the operation of any machinery
- Panel painting, in art, either one element of a multi-element piece of art, such as a triptych, a piece of sequential art such as a graphic novel or comic strip, or a wooden panel used to paint a picture on
- breaker panel, a flat area with electrical circuit breakers
- panel data, a longitudinal statistical study in which one group of individuals are interviewed at intervals over a given period of time
- Panel (comics), a single image in a comic book, comic strip or cartoon; also, a comic strip containing one such image
- A flat or sculptured area that is part of a larger structure such as a piece of furniture or one element of a multi-panel screen.
- Panel (computer software), a widget or a control panel
- Panel Switch, a type of electromechanical telephone switching system made by the Bell System in the 1920s
- Structural insulated panel, a building system for construction
- _The Panel_, an Australian talk show
- _The Panel (Ireland)_, an Irish talk show
- A committee in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong that does specific areas, known elsewhere as select committee or standing committee
Jammu

**Jammu** is a city in Jammu and Kashmir, India.  It is on the banks of the Tawi River which is a tributary of the Chenab River. The Dogri language is spoken here alongside Hindi. The city is mostly populated by Hindus with a smaller minority of Sikhs and Muslims.

There is an archeological site called Manda in Jammu.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Jammu
- **native name**: जम्मू
 جموں
- **native name lang**: Dogri
- **other name**: Jammu Tawi
- **settlement type**: Capital city
- **image skyline**: View_of_Jammu_city_and_the_Tawi_River.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Jammu and the Tawi River
- **pushpin map**: India
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of Pakistan, State
- **subdivision name1**: Jammu and Kashmir
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Jammu District, Jammu
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 2900 BC
- **founder**: Raja Jambulochan
- **government type**: Municipal Corporation
- **governing body**: Jammu Municipal corporation and Jammu Development Authority
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 167
- **elevation m**: 327
- **population total**: 651,826 _(Municipal Corporation)_
951,373 _(Urban agglomeration)_
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population rank**: 2
- **population density km2**: 5697
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Urdu, Dogri
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: [http://www.citypincode.in/JAMMU_and_KASHMIR/JAMMU/Jammu_PINCODE 180001]
- **registration plate**: JK 02
St. Stephan's Cathedral, Passau

- _St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna is also called Stephansdom_

**St. Stephan's Cathedral**  is a baroque Cathedral. It was finished in 1688 in Passau, Germany.  It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Passau and the main church of his diocese.
Binomial expansion

**Binomial expansion** is a method in algebra that changes a power of a binomial into a larger polynomial. Binomial expansion removes parentheses from an expression, which can help solve algebraic equations.

## Formula

The simplest non-trivial case of binomial expansion is the case where a binomial is being squared.

This follows from the ditsributive and commutative properties of multiplication:

For other exponents, the general formula is reached the same way. By applying the distributive property, we get a long sum of  terms, each of which has a degree of . This is similar to the  step for the square case. Using the commutative property, some of these terms are the same, so we can add them together.

Each term needs to have a total of  values. Call the number of s ; the number of s then has to be . We can combine all these terms into a single one where the variables are . The coefficient of this term is all the number of ways you can have a word of length  with  s when the rest are s.

This problem is equivalent to "How many different ways can we choose  positions to be , out of  possible positions?" Mathematicians call this a combinations problem, and can be solved in terms of factorials. The number of combinations is written with the notation

The term with parentheses is read as " choose ". Because of its role in binomial expansion, this is also called the binomial coefficient of  and .

The formula for a general binomial expansion, where the binomial has two variables  and  and is raised to a power , is then given as:

## Relation to Pascal's triangle

Pascal's triangle is a mathematical construction that represents binomial coefficients. It starts with a row of one element,

The rest of the triangle is given by adding a new row, one unit larger than the previous, below it. The numbers in that row are the sum of the two numbers above it, with anything outside the triangle being treated as 0.

Pascal's triangle shows a recurrence relation on binomial coefficients:

In other words, the binomial coefficient of  and  can be found by adding the binomial coefficient of  and  to the binomial coefficient of  and . In terms of terms in the binomial expansion, this says that every term with  s has to either have come from adding an  to a shorter term with  s, or adding a  to a shorter term with  s.
Pashto

**Pashto** (also known as **Pushto** or **Pukhto**) is an Eastern Iranic language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken by ethnic Pashtuns in northwestern Pakistan and  southern and eastern Afghanistan. It is the official language of Afghanistan, and an official language of Pakistan's  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is spoken by the Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashtuns, its speakers, make up majority of the population in Afghanistan. They are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and second largest ethnic group in Pakistan, where it is the official provincial language in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is known in historical Persian literature as **Afghani** ().

Pashto belongs to the Indo-European languages family. It has two main dialects, northern dialect and southern dialect. The small difference between these two dialects is in the use of sounds. Pashto is mainly descended from both the Bactrian and Sogdian languages.

## Related pages

- Languages of Afghanistan
- Languages of Pakistan

## Further reading

- Morgenstierne, Georg. "The Place of Pashto among the Iranic Languages and the Problem of the Constitution of Pashtun Linguistic and Ethnic Unity." Paṣto Quarterly 1.4 (1978): 43-55.
- Cheung, Johnny. "Pashto Problems III Ancient Loanwords from Early New Persian and Indo-Aryan and the Historical Contacts of Pashto & its Speakers."

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Pashto
- **image**: Pashto in Nastaliq.png
- **imagesize**: 120px
- **imagecaption**: _Pashto_ written in Pashto script (Naskh (script), Naskh style).
- **nativename**: <span style="font-size:1.4em;"> </span>
- **states**: Afghanistan; province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- **region**: Pashtuns, Pashto Region
- **ethnicity**: Pashtun people
- **speakers**: 40–60 million
- **date**: 2007–2009
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Iranian languages, Iranian
- **fam4**: Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian
- **fam5**: Northeastern
- **dia1**: Kabuli
- **dia2**: Kandahari
- **dia3**: Yusufzai
- **dia4**: Pashto dialects#Dialects, Khattak Wola
- **dia5**: Central Pashto, Paktia
- **dia6**: Other Pashto dialects
- **stand1**: Northern Pashto
- **stand2**: Southern Pashto
- **script**: Arabic script, Arabic (Pashto alphabet)
- **agency**: Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
 Pashto Academy (Pakistan)
- **iso1**: ps
- **iso2**: pus
- **iso3**: pus
- **lingua**: 58-ABD-a
- **lc1**: pst
- **ld1**: Central Pashto
- **lc2**: pbu
- **ld2**: Northern Pashto
- **lc3**: pbt
- **ld3**: Southern Pashto
- **lc4**: wne
- **ld4**: Waneci
- **notice**: IPA
- **mapcaption**: Map of Pashto-speaking regions (orange)
Shina language

**Shina** (also known as Tshina) is a Dardic language spoken by the Shina people of Pakistan and India.

## Alphabet

|Letter|Romanization|IPA|
| --- | --- | --- |
||ʿ||
||b||
||p||
||t||
||ṭ||
||(s)||
||ǰ||
||č||
||(h)||
||ǩ||
||c||
||j||
||ċ||
||d||
||ḍ||
||(z)||
||r||
||ṛ||
||z||
||ž||
||ż||
||s||
||š||
||ṣ||
||(s)||
||(d)||
||(t)||
||(z)||
||ʿ||
||ǧ||
||ŋ||
||f||
||(k)||
||k||
||g||
||l||
||m||
||n||
||ṇ||
||˜||
||w||
||h, x||
||_h||
||ʿ||
||y||
||e||

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Shina
- **states**: Pakistan, India
- **region**: Northern Areas, Northern Areas, Pakistan
Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **speakers**: 500,000
- **date**: 1981 census
- **ref**: e16
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam4**: Dardic languages, Dardic
- **fam5**: Shina languages
- **lc1**: scl
- **ld1**: Shina
- **lc2**: plk
- **ld2**: Kohistani Shina
- **script**: Arabic Script
- **map**: Shina language.png
- **notice**: IPA
Boudry Department

**Boudry** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Boudry.
Kogho Department

**Boudry** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Kogho.
Méguet Department

**Méguet** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Méguet.
Mogtédo Department

**Mogtédo** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Méguet.
Salogo Department

**Salogo** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Salogo. According 2006 estimates, it has a population of 21,405.
Leh

**Leh** is a city in the Leh District of Ladakh. It was the capital of the Himalayan kingdom of Ladakh. Leh is at an altitude of , at a distance from the right bank of the Indus River.

The town is still dominated by the now ruined Leh Palace, former home of the royal family of Ladakh. The palace resembles a mini version of the Potala Palace in Tibet. Leh and other places of Ladakh are renowned for Buddhist culture and monasteries. The wonders of this land include golden statue of Buddha, high class paintings, ancient manuscripts and the monasteries. The famous moasteries include Hemis, Aalchi, Chuglamsar, Mulbekh, Shey, Spitak, and Thiksey. The mosque of Leh was built by prince Namgyal Singe in 1594. The mosque is a fine model of Turkish and Iranian architecture.

The first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, Sultan Sadruddin was a Ladakhi. His real name was Gialpo, (Prince) Renchan. He came down to Kashmir Valley in the reign of Raja Sahdev and acquired a place in the courtiers of the army Chief Ram Chandra. By and by he succeeded in rising to the throne in 1324. He married Ram Chandra's daughter Kotarani who later on proved to be a courageous and enterprising lady. King Renchan embraced Islam at the hands of a Muslim saint and preacher Abdur Rehman, Bulbul Shah and adopted the name of Sultan Saruddin for himself. He died in 1327 after ruling the country far a short period of 3 years.

A Mughal chieftain Haider Douglat attempted to invade Kashmir for the first time in 1542 through Ladakh. In June 1715, two Italian priests Epo Lito and Emanuel Khariray reached Leh from Rome via Srinagar. There is a small community of Christians in Leh now. In the past, Leh has been an important centre for trade between India and the states of Turkestan. A road leads to Central Asian countries from here through the Karakoram Pass.
Zam Department

**Zam** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Zam.
Zorgho Department

**Zorgho** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Zorgho.
Zoungou Department

**Zoungou** is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Zoungou.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zoungou
- **settlement type**: Department
- **image map**: Ganzourgou departments.png
- **mapsize**: 350px
- **map caption**: Zoungou Department's location in the province
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Burkina Faso
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Burkina Faso, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ganzourgou Province
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 1996
- **population total**: 29,753
- **timezone**: GMT 0
- **utc offset**: +0
Ganzourgou Province

**Ganzourgou** is a province of Burkina Faso. The province is divided into 8 departments:

|Commune|Capital|Population (Census 2006)|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Boudry Department|Boudry|80,948|
|Kogho Department|Kogho|15,790|
|Méguet Department|Méguet|34,724|
|Mogtédo Department|Mogtédo|50,809|
|Salogo Department|Salogo|21,405|
|Zam Department|Zam|39,582|
|Zorgho Department|Zorgho|46,898|
|Zoungou Department|Zoungou|29,674|
Anantnag

**ISLAMABAD/ANANTNAG**(Kashmiri: اننت ناگ /Anaṁtnāg/, meaning abode of springs and lakes), is a city and a municipality located in the Anantnag District in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. About 180,000 people live in Anantnag.

Anantnag is the third largest city of the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir by population and largest according to area. It is also regarded as the commercial and financial capital of the Valley of Kashmir. It is the largest business and trading center of the valley. it is also known as Islamabad.

## Infobox (city)
Creston, Iowa

**Creston** is a city in and the county seat of Union County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,536 at the 2020 census.

## Other websites

- City website
- County website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Creston, Iowa
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Creston, IA.jpg
- **image map**: Union_County_Iowa_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Creston_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Creston, Iowa
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Iowa, County
- **subdivision name2**: Union County, Iowa, Union
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1869
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 13.60
- **area land km2**: 13.44
- **area water km2**: 0.16
- **area total sq mi**: 5.25
- **area land sq mi**: 5.19
- **area water sq mi**: 0.06
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 7536
- **population density km2**: 560.78
- **population density sq mi**: 1452.30
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1283
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 50801
- **area code**: Area code 641, 641
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 19-17265
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 467666
Fate (opera)

***Fate*** (in Czech: _Osud_), is an opera by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček.

Janáček wrote this opera between 1903 and 1905. His daughter Olga had died shortly before he began to compose it. He had also just finished his opera _Jenůfa_ which has a tragic ending for the young girl in the story.

The young lady who wrote the libretto (words) for Janáček had been one of his daughter’s close friends. She wrote using the name Tálská. Janáček thought the opera had autobiographical ideas. He also wanted a change from writing about simple, country people as he had done in _Jenůfa_, so the people in the story of _Fate_ belong to the upper classes, the rich people of society.

The story of the opera is quite strange and unbelievable. It has often been criticized for not being logical. The story consists of lots of little scenes which make the story jump about. The language of the libretto is very deliberately old-fashioned. Czech people who have worked with this opera have often felt that this formal language has made it hard for audiences to understand. Some people have felt that when the opera is sung in other languages it is sometimes better because the language sounds more real.

Nevertheless, although the opera has had these criticisms, the music is some of the best music that Janáček wrote.

## Story of the opera

The story takes place at the beginning of the 20th century, which was the time in which Janáček was composing it.

In Act I Gentlemen, students and young girls are walking about in a health resort. The men are interested in a girl called Míla. Míla sees a young man called Živný in the crowd. Živný is a composer. He and Míla used to be lovers. They had a child. She tells Živný that it was her mother who made them split up so that she could marry someone rich. Her mother had made her move away from Prague to give birth to the child in the country. The two lovers now want to forget their unhappy past and live together with their little son Doubek.

Act II takes place several years later. They have been living together happily. Míla’s mother lives with them but has gone mad. While the lovers read the story of an opera which seems to tell of their own lives, the mother screams and Živný tears up the music of the opera. The mother grabs her daughter and throws herself and Míla down the steep staircase.

Act III takes place in a music conservatory eleven years later. Živný’s students, one of whom is their son Doubek, are singing music from an opera that Živný has composed. Živný himself is like the hero of his opera. The last part of the opera has not yet been composed. The students act out a scene from Doubek’s childhood and make fun of it. Živný talks about his opera. A storm comes up and he is killed by lightning. His opera will never be finished.
Social network service

A **social network** is a website or service where people talk to or connect with other people. A Social Network Service can connect people with the same interests (like football, schools, dogs) and friends.

Social Networking was first proposed in the early development of the World Wide Web.

The most popular websites like Facebook and Twitter are helping to speed up the process of communication. Phone and mail services are slowly becoming less popular thanks to a quick and easy way of sharing messages through such networks.

A social network is used for people to get to know each other more and create new friends/connections.

Many social networks are available on phones and smartphones.

A 2011 survey found that 47% of American adults use a social networking service. Hispanics and African Americans are more likely to use social media.

Nigerians are more likely to spend more time on social media.

African Americans often use social media more than any other ethnicity or racial group.

## List of popular social networks

- Facebook
- Flickr
- Google+
- Instagram
- Kik
- LinkedIn
- MySpace
- Twitter
- Pinterest
- Reddit
- Snapchat
- Tumblr
- WhatsApp
- Yahoo! Groups
- YouTube
- TikTok
- Threads
Spa town

A **spa town**, or simply **spa**, is a town that many people go to for health reasons.  There is usually a spring there, or several springs.  The water that comes from these springs is good for curing many illnesses.  When people go to a spa town to get better we say that they go to "take the waters".

The word "spa" comes from the Belgian town Spa. In continental Europe a spa was called a _ville d'eau_ (town of water). The term _spa_ is used for towns or resorts which offer hydrotherapy (making people better with water).  This can include cold water or mineral water treatments and hot spring baths.
Vallon-Pont-d'Arc

**Vallon-Pont-d'Arc** is a commune of the Ardèche _département_ in the southern part of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Vallon-Pont-d'Arc
- **image**: ArdèchePontD'Arc.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (Ardèche).svg
- **arrondissement**: Largentière
- **canton**: Vallon-Pont-d'Arc
- **insee**: 07330
- **postal code**: 07150
- **mayor**: Pierre Peschier
- **term**: 2001-2008
- **elevation m**: 118
- **elevation min m**: 60
- **elevation max m**: 434
- **area km2**: 28.62
- **population**: 2,027
- **population date**: 1999
Gap

**Gap** or **The Gap** may refer to:

## General

- Gap (clothing retailer), a chain of clothing stores
- Gap (ecology), a spacing between large trees in a forest
- Gap (landform), a mountain pass, often carved by a river
- Gap year, a prolonged period between a life stage
- Gäp, the Tatar-based cant language
- Gaap, a mighty Prince and Great President of Hell in demonology
- Gap coverage, a type of vehicle insurance
- Band gap or _energy gap_, the energy interval in which particles cannot propagate

## Places

- Gap, Hautes-Alpes, France
- Gap, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Gap, Brecon Beacons, an ancient mountain trail in the Brecon Beacons, Wales
- The Gap, Queensland, a suburb in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Gap, New South Wales, an ocean cliff at Watsons Bay, New South Wales, Australia
- Darién Gap, a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest separating Panama and Colombia
- Loughborough Gap, a disused section of the Great Central Railway in England
- Fulda Gap, an area in Germany of strategic importance during the cold war
- Mid-Atlantic Gap, in World War II, an area in the Atlantic Ocean with no air coverage

## Entertainment

- The Gap Band, an American music group
- Gap Mangione, jazz pianist and bandleader
- _The Gap_ (album), a 2000 album by Joan of Arc
- The Gap Cycle, a science fiction novel series by Stephen Donaldson
- _El Boquete_ (The Gap), a 2006 Argentine film
- Gap FC, a French football club

## Acronym

- .45 GAP, the "Glock Automatic Pistol" cartridge
- GAAP, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, standard guidelines for financial accounting
- GAP, Good Agricultural Practices, any collection of value-based agricultural practices
- GAP, Generic access profile, an interoperability protocol used in wireless telephony
- GAP, Genocide Awareness Project, a movable pro-life display
- GAP, Government Accountability Project, a nonprofit organization
- GAP, Great Ape Project, an international organization advocating legal rights for great apes
- GAP computer algebra system (Groups, Algorithms and Programming), a software package
- GAP, Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi (Southeastern Anatolia Project), a land reform project in Turkey
- GAP, the license plate code for Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- GAP, Gruppi di Azione Partigiana (Partisan Action Group), an Italian terrorist group founded by Giangiacomo Feltrinelli
- Graph automorphism problem
- Air Philippines (ICAO designator)

## Chemistry

- GaP, Gallium(III) phosphide, a semiconductor material
- GAPs, GTPase activating proteins, a biochemical compound
- GAP, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a 3-carbon molecule metabolite important in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle
Tautavel man

**Tautavel man** is the name of an extinct hominin who lived about 300.000-450.000 years ago.<sup>,</sup><sup>,</sup> "Tautavel man" is the name given to fossils found in a cave on the site named Caune de l'Arago, near Tautavel, France. The first fossils were found there in 1971.

They consist of over 80 fragments; the skull (pictured) belonged to a man in his twenties. He was about 1.65 m, and weighed around 45–55 kg. Other remains are two mandibles, belonging to a woman in her fifties, and to a man around 20–25 years old. It looks like they did not know how to use fire yet. It also looks like they might have been cannibals, or that they preferred to scavenge for food, rather than hunt.

Bones of rhinoceros, horses, wild sheep (called Mouflon), Tahrs (which resemble wild goats), Muskox (some kind of bovine), deer, and reindeer have been found in the cave.

There is an ongoing debate if this hominid is directly related to the Neanderthal. If they are not, they would belong to the species _Homo erectus_. If they are direct predecessors of the Neanderthals, they would be Homo heidelbergensis. It has been proposed to classify them as _Homo erectus Tautavelensis_.
Baseball glove

A **baseball glove**, or **mitt**, is a leather glove that baseball players use to catch a baseball that are hit by a batter or thrown by a fielder.

## History

Catcher Doug Allison in 1870 was the first ever to wear baseball gloves. Doug's hands were split and cracked open from catching in other games earlier in the week.  He chose to wear something that would protect his hands so that they wouldn't be damaged more, so he wore baseball gloves, but he was laughed at and mocked by his teammates.

Five years later in 1875, Charlie Waitt, a St. Louis outfielder and first baseman who in 1875 used a pair of flesh-colored gloves, but he was also laughed by his teammates. Although baseball gloves were not used very much at first when they were first made, more and more baseball players started to use baseball gloves over time, probably when baseball star Albert Spalding began playing first base with a baseball glove. When he started to wear them, more infielders started to use gloves also because he was famous. Before the mid  1890s, baseball gloves were worn normally by baseball players. Soon, all baseball players started to wear baseball gloves.

In , Bill Doak, a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, suggested that a web be placed between the first finger and the thumb in order to create a pocket. This design soon became added to baseball gloves and webbed gloves were starting to be used by all baseball players.

Since the baseball glove was invented, they have grown to what they look like today. While catching in baseball was two handed, gloves grew to a size that made it easier to catch the ball in the webbing of the glove, and use the off-hand to keep it from falling out. A glove is worn on the non-dominant hand, leaving the dominant hand for throwing the ball; for example, a right-handed player would wear a glove on the left hand. By convention, the type of glove that fits on the left hand is called a "right-handed" or "RH" glove.

The shape and size of the baseball glove is decided by official baseball rules; Section 1.00, Objectives of the Game, defines limits of catcher's, first baseman's and fielder's glove in parts 1.12, 1.13 and 1.14.

## Major glove manufacturers

- Louisville Slugger
- Nokona
- Rawlings
- Spalding
- Kelley Athletic
- Wilson
- Nike, Inc
- Easton
- Mizuno
- Akadema
- 44 Pro

## Other websites

- "Playing The Field." _Popular Mechanics_. May 2001.
- "Glove History." _Baseball Glove.net_.
- "How Products Are Made: Baseball Glove." _www.science.enotes.com_
- "Baseball Glove Leather"
- "MLB Rules 1.0".
Product (chemistry)

In chemistry, the **products** are the final result of a chemical reaction. The reaction changes reactants into products. In more complex processes in the chemical industry, "product" usually means the main chemical that people want to make, while other products are called byproducts.

For example, glucose and oxygen are the products of photosynthesis:
The reactants are water and carbon dioxide. Generally, plants release the oxygen and use the glucose, so oxygen is a byproduct.
Cy Young Award

In baseball, the **Cy Young Award** is an honor given to the best pitcher in the Major League Baseball.  The award was first introduced in 1956 by Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955.  The award was given to the best pitcher in the major leagues. In 1967, the year after Frick retired as Commissioner, the practice began of honoring one pitcher in each league, the American League, and the National League. The 2023 American League Cy Young Award winner was Gerrit Cole of the New York Yankees, and the 2023 National League Cy Young Award winner was Blake Snell of the San Diego Padres.

Each league's award is voted on by two members of the Baseball Writers Association of America in each league city, meaning 28 ballots are cast for the American League winner, and 32 for the National League.  Each places a vote for first, second, and third place among the pitchers of each league.  The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes: <samp>Score = 5F + 3S + T</samp>, where _F_ is the number of first place votes, _S_ is second place votes, and _T_ is third place votes.  The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award. If two pitchers receive the same number of votes, the award is shared between the two.

The current formula started with the 1970 season.  Prior to that, writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote.

## Other websites

- Cy Young Award on Baseball Almanac
- Full Voting Results for the Cy Young Award
Ke Huy Quan

**Ke Huy Quan** (born August 20, 1971) is a Vietnamese-American actor, stunt choreographer and former child actor. In 2023, he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in _Everything Everywhere All at Once_ (2022).

## Early life

Quan Kế Huy was born in August 20, 1970 in Saigon, South Vietnam. Three years after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, Quan left Vietnam with his family. Some of his family fled to Hong Kong, while Quan's mother and three other siblings went to Malaysia. After staying at a refugee camp in Hong Kong, Quan's entire family were allowed to enter the United States as part of the Refugee Admissions Program in 1979. Quan grew up in California.

## Career

In the 1980s, he appeared in several movies. His best known roles were as Short Round in _Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom_ (1984) and Data in _The Goonies_ (1985). After he stopped acting, he worked as a stunt coordinator on many movies, for example _X-Men_.

He became well known for his role in the 2022 movie _Everything Everywhere All at Once_, which won him multiple awards such as the Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor the following year. He is the first Vietnam-born actor to win an Academy Award.

In September 2022, Quan was announced to have joined the cast for the second season of the Marvel Cinematic Universe series _Loki_ for Disney+. For this role, he received a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series nomination.

In June 2023, it was announced that he had been invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as an actor.

In December 2023, he joined the voice cast for _Kung Fu Panda 4._

## Personal life

Quan is married to Echo Quan, who was the on-set translator for _Everything Everywhere All at Once_.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **order**: ts
- **qn**: Quan Kế Huy
- **t**: 關繼威
- **s**: 关继威
- **p**: Guān Jìwēi
- **y**: Gwāan Gaiwāi


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ke Huy Quan
- **image**: Ke Huy Quan at the White House (52902390767) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Quan in 2023
- **birth name**: Quan Kế Huy
- **birth place**: Saigon, South Vietnam
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: University of Southern California
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Ke Huy Quan, Full list
- **spouse**: Echo Quan
- **yearsactive**: 1984–2002; 2021–present (acting)
2000–2004 (production assistant)
Pendulum

A **pendulum** is a mass (any object usually metal) on an arm. The arm is attached to a _pivot_, which is a point to swing from. The mass will naturally hang down because of gravity, but if it is pushed to one side it will _oscillate_, which means that it will swing from side to side.  The frequency of the swinging pendulum stays the same.

We can work out the time taken for one full oscillation (for example, swinging from left to right and back to left). We shall call this time  the period. If the pendulum length is , and the acceleration due to gravity is , then:

where π (a Greek letter pronounced 'pi') is a mathematical constant. This equation gives a good approximation for the period when the mass does not swing far from the middle. The period of a pendulum does not depend on the mass of the object.

The mechanical energy of a pendulum is constant and is the sum of the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.

The regular motion of the pendulum can be used for timekeeping, and pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks.

## Related pages

- Foucault pendulum
- Pendulum clock
Mandible

The **mandible** is a bone found in all jawed vertebrates. The name comes from Latin _mandibula_.

In bony fish the lower jaw is made of a number of bones, but these were gradually reduced in evolution.

In humans and other mammals the mandible is simply the **jawbone** or **dentary**, which is the largest and strongest bone of the face.

In mammals bones formerly in the lower jaw have become the ear ossicles.

## Infobox (bone)

- **name**: Mandible
- **latin**: mandibula
- **image**: File:Mandibule.jpg
- **caption**: The mandible
- **image2**: Gray190.png
- **caption2**: The human skull, with the **mandible** shown in purple at the bottom.
- **precursor**: 1st branchial arch