Federal districts of Russia

The **federal districts** (, _federalnyye okruga_) are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution. They exist only to monitor the government's control over the region and to compare the federal and regional bodies of law.

## List of federal districts

|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Federal district|rowspan="2"|Date established|rowspan="2"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)|colspan="2"|2010 census|rowspan="2"|HDI (2019)|colspan="2"|Gross regional product (2020)|rowspan="2"|Federal subjects|rowspan="2"|Administrative centre|rowspan="2"|Largest city|rowspan="2"|Map of Federal District|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffff80; width:3em;"||style="text-align: left;"|Central|18 May 2000|650,200|38,438,600|59.1|0.847|₽33.637 trillion (€B)|854,978 ₽ (€)|18|style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"|Moscow|||||||
|style="background:#62d2c5;"||style="text-align: left;"|Northwestern|18 May 2000|1,687,000|13,583,800|8.1|0.835|₽10.644 trillion (€B)|762,357 ₽ (€)|11|style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"|Saint Petersburg|||||||
|style="background:#fc8b8b;"||style="text-align: left;"|Southern|18 May 2000|427,800|16,141,100|37.7|0.801|₽6.710 trillion (€B)|407,280 ₽ (€)|8|style="text-align: center;"|Rostov-on-Don|style="text-align: center;"|Krasnodar|||||
|style="background:#aa6ca6;"||style="text-align: left;"|North Caucasian|19 January 2010|170,400|9,496,800|55.7|0.795|₽2.404 trillion (€B)|241,662 ₽ (€)|7|style="text-align: center;"|Pyatigorsk|style="text-align: center;"|Makhachkala|||||
|style="background:#37ce04;"||style="text-align: left;"|Volga|18 May 2000|1,037,000|29,900,400|28.8|0.806|₽13.669 trillion (€B)|468,462 ₽ (€)|14|style="text-align: center;"|Nizhny Novgorod|style="text-align: center;"|Kazan|||||
|style="background:#c7cb8f;"||style="text-align: left;"|Ural|18 May 2000|1,818,500|12,082,700|6.6|0.842|₽11.675 trillion (€B)|945,711 ₽ (€)|6|style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"|Yekaterinburg|||||||
|style="background:#01bee7;"||style="text-align: left;"|Siberian|18 May 2000|4,361,800|17,178,298|3.9|0.796|₽9.027 trillion (€B)|529,091 ₽ (€)|10|style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"|Novosibirsk|||||||
|style="background:#fece2c;"||style="text-align: left;"|Far Eastern|18 May 2000|6,952,600|8,371,257|1.2|0.810|₽6.044 trillion (€B)|741,938 ₽ (€)|11|style="text-align: center;"|Vladivostok|style="text-align: center;"|Khabarovsk|||||
_Source_:

## History

The federal districts of Russia were established by President Vladimir Putin in 2000 to help with the federal government's task of controlling the then 89 federal subjects across the country.

On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District.

### Crimea

In March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea, the Crimean Federal District was created. However, most countries say that this annexation was illegal. On 28 July 2016 the Crimean Federal District was removed and put into the Southern Federal District to improve the governing of the region.

### Far East

In November 2018, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai were removed from the Siberian Federal District and added to the Far Eastern Federal District. The administrative centre of the Far Eastern Federal District was moved from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok in December 2018.

## References

<references group="" responsive="0"></references>

## Other websites

- Wilson Center article on Russia's federal districts