Texas

**Texas** (,  <small>American Spanish: </small>), officially the **State of Texas**, is a state in the South Central Region of the United States. It is the second largest US state by total area (after Alaska) with 268,596 sq mi (695,662 km<sup>2</sup>) and population (after California) with over 29 million people as of 2020. Its largest cities are Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, El Paso, and Austin, the capital city.

Texas became the 28th state in the United States in 1845. Texas has been controlled by Spain, France, the Confederate States of America, and Mexico. It declared its independence from Mexico in 1836. It was its own country, the Republic of Texas, for almost ten years. It is called the "Lone Star State" and its flag has one star.

## Infobox (u.s. state)

- **name**: Texas
- **official name**: State of Texas
- **former**: Republic of Texas
- **image flag**: Flag of Texas.svg
- **flag link**: Flag of Texas
- **image seal**: Seal of Texas.svg
- **seal link**: Seal of Texas
- **image map**: Texas in United States.svg
- **nickname**: The Lone Star State
- **motto**: Friendship
- **anthem**: "Texas, Our Texas"
- **population demonym**: Texan
Texian (archaic)
Tejano (usually only used for Hispanics)
- **seat**: Austin, Texas, Austin
- **largestcity**: Houston
- **largestmetro**: Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Dallas–Fort Worth
- **legislature**: Texas Legislature
- **upperhouse**: Texas Senate, Senate
- **lowerhouse**: Texas House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **judiciary**: Supreme Court of Texas (Civil)
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Criminal)
- **senators**:

- **representative**: 25 Republican Party (United States), Republicans
12 Democratic Party (United States), Democrats
1 vacant
- **postal code**: TX
- **tradabbreviation**: Tex.
- **borderingstates**: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Oklahoma
- **officiallang**: No official language
(see Languages of Texas, Languages spoken in Texas)
- **languages**: Predominantly English language, English;
Spanish language, Spanish is spoken by a sizable minority
- **area rank**: 2nd
- **area total sq mi**: 268,596
- **area total km2**: 695,662
- **area land sq mi**: 261,232
- **area land km2**: 676,587
- **area water sq mi**: 7,365
- **area water km2**: 19,075
- **area water percent**: 2.7
- **population rank**: 2nd
- **population as of**: 2022
- **2010pop**: 29,183,290
- **population density rank**: 23rd
- **2000densityus**: 176
- **2000density**: 67.9
- **medianhouseholdincome**: $64,034
- **incomerank**: 23rd
- **total gdp**: $1,065,891,000
- **total gdp rank**: 2nd
- **per capita gdp**: $43,283
- **per capita gdp rank**: 16th
- **admittanceorder**: 28th
- **admittancedate**: December 29, 1845
- **timezone1**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central
- **utc offset1**: −06:00
- **timezone1 dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −05:00
- **timezone1 location**: Majority of state
- **timezone2**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain
- **utc offset2**: −07:00
- **timezone2 dst**: Mountain Daylight Time, MDT
- **utc offset2 dst**: −06:00
- **timezone2 location**: El Paso County, Texas, El Paso, Hudspeth County, Texas, Hudspeth, and northwestern Culberson County, Texas, Culberson counties
- **latitude**: 25°50′ N to 36°30′ N
- **longitude**: 93°31′ W to 106°39′ W
- **width mi**: 773
- **width km**: 1,244
- **length mi**: 801
- **length km**: 1,289
- **elevation max point**: Guadalupe Peak
- **elevation max ft**: 8,751
- **elevation max m**: 2667.4
- **elevation ft**: 1,700
- **elevation m**: 520
- **elevation min point**: Gulf of Mexico
- **elevation min ft**: 0
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **iso code**: US-TX
- **electoralvotes**: 38
- **website**: texas.gov


## Infobox (u.s. state symbols)

- **flag**: Flag of Texas.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Texas.svg
- **name**: Texas
- **bird**: Northern mockingbird (_Mimus polyglottos_)
- **fish**: Guadalupe bass (_Micropterus treculii_)
- **flower**: Bluebonnet (plant), Bluebonnet (_Lupinus_ spp., namely Texas bluebonnet, _L. texensis_)
- **insect**: Monarch butterfly (_Danaus plexippus_)
- **mammal**: Texas longhorn, nine-banded armadillo (_Dasypus novemcinctus_)
- **reptile**: Texas horned lizard (_Phrynosoma cornutum_)
- **tree**: Pecan (_Carya illinoinensis_)
- **food**: Chili con carne, Chili
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **shell**: Sinistrofulgur pulleyi, Lightning whelk (_Busycon perversum pulleyi_)
- **ship**: USS Texas (BB-35), USS _Texas_
- **slogan**: _The Friendly State_
- **soil**: Houston Black (soil), Houston Black
- **sport**: Rodeo
- **other**: Molecule: Buckyball (For more, see List of Texas state symbols, article)
- **route marker**: Texas 6.svg
- **quarter**: 2004 TX Proof.png
- **quarterreleasedate**: 2004