juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Richard Benson (musician)

**Richard Philip Henry John Benson**, known as **Richard Benson** (10 March 1955 – 10 May 2022) was an English–Italian guitarist.

## Career

Benson probably moved to Rome in 1965. In 1971 he joined the progressive rock band Buon Vecchio Charlie. In 1972, he took part in the festival "Villa Pamphili".

From 1978 to 2013 he hosted TV shows relating to new musical releases of the time. The music was mostly hard rock and heavy metal, but also jazz, funk, blues, fusion and Italian rock.

In 1983, Benson released his first LP, _Animal Zoo_. In 1984, he released the LP _Renegade_. In 1987 he was included on the compilation album, _Metal Attack_ (RCA Italy – Talent).

In 1992, Benson played himself in Carlo Verdone's movie _Maledetto il giorno che t'ho incontrato_. In the second half of the 1990s he gave concerts in Rome. In 1999, he released his first CD, _Madre Tortura_.

Benson has then appeared in Italian national broadcast television as a music critic (Rai 2), together with Max Giusti. His work in the show was comical instead of serious. He played a sort of parody of his own character. In June 2013, he created an online television channel, "RichardBensonTV". He hosts a show there about heavy metal music. RichardBensonTv closed after just over a year.

In 2015 he released his second CD, _L'inferno dei vivi_.

In November 2016, it was announced that Benson had heart disease. He  died in Rome on 10 May 2022, at the age of 67.

## Discography

- 1990: _Buon Vecchio Charlie_ (recorded in 1971)
- 1983: _Animal Zoo_ (single)
- 1984: _Renegade_ (single)
- 1999: _Madre Tortura_
- 2015: _L'inferno dei vivi_

## Other websites

- Article on _la Repubblica_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Richard Benson
- **image**: Richard Benson a Ciampino.jpg
- **caption**: Richard Benson in 2014 during a show in Ciampino, Italy
- **image size**: 166px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Richard Philip Henry John Benson
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **birth place**: Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Progressive rock
Blues rock
Hard rock
Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
- **occupation**: Guitarist-singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1971–2022
Kjell Arnljot Wig

**Kjell Arnljot Wig** (31 December 1924 – 18 January 2015) was a Norwegian media personality. He was a journalist for _Morgenbladet_ from 1948. He was later with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1963 to 1992. He hosted a series of television shows, including _Aktuell debatt_, _Vindu mot verden_, and _Åpen post_. Some of his novels were _Det skjulte Norge_ (1969), _Kongen ser tilbake_ (1977), and _Eventyret om Blaafarveværket_ (1995).

Wig was born in Stjørdal. He was married and had children.

Wig died after an illness on 18 January 2015 at Bærum hospital. He was 90.
Bob Barr (1880s pitcher)

**Robert McClelland Barr** (December, 1856 - March 11, 1930) was a Major League Baseball pitcher.  He also made some appearances as an outfielder, first baseman, and third baseman.

Barr played for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Washington Nationals, Indianapolis Hoosiers, and Rochester Broncos. He also played for the Washington Nationals and New York Giants.
Suspicion (1941 movie)

***Suspicion*** is a 1941 romantic thriller movie. It is based on the novel Before the Fact. The movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Cary Grant plays Johnnie, a gambler. Joan Fontaine plays Lina. Dame May Whitty plays Martha.

This movie was nominated for Academy Awards for the Best Picture and the Best Original Score. Fontaine won the Best Actress award.
Gustav I of Sweden

**Gustav I of Sweden** (born 14 May 1496, died 29 September 1560) was the King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. During his reign, Sweden broke relationship with the Kalmar Union and the Roman Catholic Church.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Gustav I
- **succession**: List of Swedish monarchs, King of Sweden
- **image**: Gustav Vasa.jpg
- **caption**: Gustav I portrayed in 1542 by Jakob Bincks.
- **coronation**: 6 June 1523
- **predecessor**: Christian II of Denmark, Christian II
- **successor**: Eric XIV of Sweden, Eric XIV
- **spouse**: Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
Margaret Leijonhufvud
Katarina Stenbock
- **issue**: Eric XIV of Sweden
John III of Sweden
Katharina Vasa
Princess Cecilia of Sweden, Cecilia, Margravine of Baden-Rodemachern
Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
Anna Maria of Sweden, Anna Maria, Countess Palatine of Veldenz
Princess Sophia of Sweden, Sophia, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg
Princess Elizabeth of Sweden, Elizabeth, Duchess Mecklenburg-Gadebusch
Charles IX of Sweden
- **house**: House of Vasa
- **religion**: Lutheranism, Lutheran Christianity , formerly Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Christianity
- **father**: Erik Johansson Vasa
- **mother**: Cecilia Månsdotter, Cecilia Månsdotter Eka
- **birth date**: (assumed)
- **birth place**: Rydboholm Castle, Sweden or
Lindholmen, Sweden
- **death place**: Tre Kronor (castle), Tre Kronor, Stockholm, Sweden
- **burial date**: 21 December 1560
- **burial place**: Uppsala Cathedral
- **signature**: Gustav I signature.svg
Marie Hermanson

**Marie Hermanson** (born 1956) is a Swedish writer and journalist.

## Bibliography

- Det finns ett hål i verkligheten - 1986
- Snövit - 1990
- Tvillingsystrarna - 1993
- Värddjuret - 1995
- Musselstranden - 1998
- Ett oskrivet blad - 2001
- Hembiträdet - 2004
- Mannen under trappan - 2005
- Svampkungens son - 2007
- Himmelsdalen - 2011
- Skymningslandet - 2014

## Awards

- Partille Bookstore's Writer's Scholarship -1997
- Bokhandelns val - 2005

### Nominations

August Prize - 1995 (for Värddjuret).

## Other websites

- official website

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Marie Hermanson
- **image**: Marie Hermanson (2024).jpg
- **image size**: 250 px
- **caption**: Marie Hermanson (2024)
- **birth date**: 1956
- **birth place**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **occupation**: journalist, writer
- **language**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **period**: 1986 in literature, 1986-
Pietra dura

***Pietra dura*** () or ***pietre dure*** () (see below), called **parchin kari** or **parchinkari** () in the Indian Subcontinent, is a term for using cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images.

The stonework is glued stone-by-stone to a base after being "sliced and cut in different shape sections; and then assembled together so precisely that the contact between each section was practically invisible". Stability was achieved by grooving the undersides of the stones so that they interlocked, rather like a jigsaw puzzle, with everything held in place by an encircling 'frame'. Many different colored stones, particularly marbles, were used, along with semiprecious, and even precious stones.

The technique first appeared in Rome in the 16th century. It reached its peak in Florence.  Pietra dura items are generally crafted on green, white or black marble base stones. Typically the resulting panel is completely flat, but some examples have the image is in low relief.

There are a number of similar techniques which should not be called pietra dura. The English term "Florentine mosaic" is sometimes used for the work of Giovanni Montelatici (1864-1930). He was an Italian Florentine artist whose brilliant work has been distributed across the world by tourists and collectors.

Pietra dura is also different from mosaics because stones are mostly much larger and cut to a shape suiting their place in the image, not all of roughly equal size and shape as in mosaic. In pietra dura, the stones are not cemented together with grout, and works in pietra dura are often portable. Nor should it be confused with micromosaics, a form of mosaic using very small tesserae of the same size to create images for Byzantine icons, and later for furniture panels.
Pink cat

Cats can be many different breeds and fur coat colors. A **pink cat** is not a color found in nature. But several pink cats have been reported about in the news media. Sometimes the cat colour has been changed to pink with chemicals or dyes. There are also several fictional pink cats in popular culture.

## Real pink cats

In September 2005, a cat named Brumas roamed away from his owners in Launceston, Cornwall. When he came back after a short time, his fur was coloured pink. No one ever figured out the cause of the colour change. Brumas was taken to the RSPCA to be tested. He did not have any toxins.
Russian writer Lena Lenia had dyed a Kitten pink in early 2015, which meant led to the confusion that they thought that Kitten died from being dyed pink, and then the kitten was okay from the owner having that kitten still.
In September 2010, a cat with dyed pink fur was found in Swindon, South West England. The RSPCA said the dyeing was a "sick prank". Even though they tried to wash the color out of the cat's fur, it stayed pink. The cat did not have any signs of side-effects or harm. The event made worldwide news. Soon the owner told the truth. She said that the cat had been dyed pink using food colouring because she was a fan of the colour. She said the act "seemed like a good idea. I always wanted a pink animal - a bit like my hair". She said she read the instructions carefully and the food colouring could not be harmful because it was safe for humans to eat. The RSPCA decided not to arrest her for harming her animal.

In May 2011, four kittens were found in a concrete factory in Redruth, Cornwall. One kitten had pink fur. A cat rescue group named "Cats Protection", tried to wash out the color with shampoo, but could not.

Pollution from a steel factory in Port Talbot, Wales, has turned cats both pink and grey.

Cats having pink patches are found in Bulgaria. The color is probably a genetic mutation and is very close to orange. They are usually pink-white bicolor; or pink-blue-white or pink-black-white calico cats.

Sometimes the lilac or cream fur color of cats is confused with pink. Lilac and cream are both natural colors in cats, and are the diluted (lighter) versions of chocolate and red.

## Fictional pink cats

The Pink Panther is a cartoon cat that was created by Friz Freleng. He is seen in the opening titles of the Peter Sellers movies with his own theme music. He also had his own cartoon show. Animation historian Jerry Beck has said the cartoon cat is "anti-authority – he's cool yet he's pink".

The character of the children's television series_ Bagpuss_ was a pink cat. The Bagpuss puppet was really supposed to be an orange marmalade colour. When the puppet was made, it was dyed pink by mistake.

Another children's franchise, _Strawberry Shortcake_, has a pink cat named Custard who is the pet of the titular character.''

In 2channel/2ch, Shii is a pink cat.

In 2014, a Dutch artist, Florentijn Hofman, made a  tall pink cat for an exhibition in Century Park, Shanghai.

Princess Carolyn from BoJack Horseman is a pink cat.

There is also a pink cat in the children's show “Pete the cat” named Callie.
Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur

***Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur*** is a 1980 Japanese animated movie. This movie is also known as Doraemon: motion picture. It is based on the popular manga and anime series Doraemon. The movie was released in Japan on 15 March 1980.

## Cast

|Character|Japanese|
| --- | --- |
|Doraemon|Nobuyo Oyama|
|Nobita|Noriko Ohara|
|Shizuka|Michiko Nomura|
|Gian|Kazuya Tatekabe|
|Suneo|Kaneta Kimotsuki|
|Nobita's mother|Chijimatsu Sachiko|
|Nobita's father|Katou Masayuki|
|Gian's mother|Aoki Kazuyo|
|Piisuke|Yokozawa Keiko|
|Mr. Gakeshita|Yoshito Miyamura|
|Black Boy|Seizo Katou|
|Suneo's Mama|Miki Kato|
|T/P Squad|Kazuhiko Inoue|
|Dollmanstein|Ushio Shima|

## Music

- Doraemon no Uta (ドラえもんのうた) by Nobuyo Oyama

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur
- **director**: Hiroshi Fukutomi
- **producer**: Sankichiro Kusube, Soichi Bessho
- **writer**: Fujiko F. Fujio
- **starring**: Nobuyo Oyama
Noriko Ohara
Michiko Nomura
Kaneta Kimotsuki
Kazuya Tatekabe
- **music**: Shunsuke Kikuchi
- **cinematography**: Katsuji Misawa
- **editing**: Kazuo Inoue, Seiji Morita
- **distributor**: Toho
- **runtime**: 92 minutes
- **country**: Japan
- **language**: Japanese
- **gross**: ¥1.55 billion
($11.9 million)
Noriko Ohara

is a Japanese voice actress. She is represented by Production Baobab. Her son is Sunrise animator .

She is known for the roles of Nobita Nobi (Doraemon), all female lead villains in the Time Bokan series, Conan (Future Boy Conan), Peter (Heidi, Girl of the Alps), Oyuki and Claudia LaSalle. In the first ever Seiyu Awards in 2007, she won the Synergy award.

## Voice roles

- _Alps no Shōjo Heidi_ (Peter)
- _Urusei Yatsura_ (Oyuki)
- _Starzinger_
- _Space Pirate Captain Harlock_ (Mime)
- _Space Battleship Yamato II_ (Sabera, Jiro Shima)
- _Chōdenji Machine Voltes V_ (Hiyoshi Gō)
- _Soreike! Anpanman_ (Kurobarajoou)
- _Time Bokan_ _series_ (Maajo, Doronjo, Muujo, Ataasha, Mirenjo, Munmun, Yanyan, Ruuju)
- _The Super Dimension Fortress Macross_ (Claudia LaSalle, Narrator)
- _Doraemon_ (Nobita Nobi, Nobisuke Nobi)
- _Future Boy Conan_ (Conan)
- _Wansa-kun_ (Wansa)
- _Crusher Joe_ (Ricky)
- _La Seine no Hoshi_ (Catherine)
- _Genesis Climber Mospeada_ (Refless)
- _Tatsunoko vs. Capcom_ (Doronjo)
- _Wacky Races_ (Japanese dub; Penelope Pitstop)

## Other websites

- Noriko Ohara at IMDb
Tony Verna

**Anthony F. Verna** (November 26, 1933 – January 18, 2015) was an American television producer. He was known for creating instant replay and for producing interviews with Pope John Paul II, Ronald Reagan, and Charlton Heston. Verna was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Verna died in Palm Desert, California from leukemia, aged 81.
Pedro María Iguaran

**Pedro María Iguaran Arandia** (2 July 1940 – 16 January 2015) commonly known as **Pello Iguaran** was a Spanish football defender.

Iguaran played for Deportivo Alavés in the 1963-1964 season. Iguaran served his new club for 7 years, being in most cases used as a reserve defender. He played a total of 85 games for Real Sociedad.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Pedro María Iguaran
- **fullname**: Pedro María Iguaran Arandia
- **birth place**: Lasarte-Oria, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1963–1964
- **years2**: 1964–1971
- **clubs1**: Deportivo Alavés
- **clubs2**: Real Sociedad
National Association of Evangelicals

The **National Association of Evangelicals** (**NAE**) is a fellowship of member denominations, churches, organizations, and individuals. Its stated goal is to honor God by connecting and representing evangelicals in the United States. Today it works in four main areas: Church & Faith Partners, Government Relations, Chaplains Commission, and World Relief. The NAE is a member of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA).

## Other websites

- Generation Forum
Indian Institute of Science

**Indian Institute of Science (IISc)** is a public university for scientific research. It is located in Bangalore, India. Jamshetji Tata gave active support to establish this institute. He is one of the earliest industrialists of India. IISc is well known as India's finest research university.

## History

In 1893, Jamshetji Tata had a chance meeting with Swami Vivekananda on a ship from Japan to Chicago. Then, Jamshetji Tata discussed his plan with Vivekananda to bring Iron and Steel industry to India. Five years later, Tata wrote a letter to Vivekananda about his desire to establish a research institution. He also asked Vivekananda for guidance in this matter. Vivekananda softly declined this proposal.

The government of Mysore donated (371 acres or 1.50 sq km) to build the institute. They also agreed to donate 50,000 rupees every year. The institute was established in 1909. It had two departments - Department of General and Applied Chemistry and Electro Technology. Morris Travers became the first director of IISc.

## Campus

IISc campus is in Malleswaram,  north of Bangalore City railway station. A number of other research institutes are nearby. These are Raman Research Institute, Central Power Research Institute and the Institute of Wood Science and Technology. There are regular bus services between them and IISc.

The campus is home to over 40 departments and centers of sciences. It has more than 3,000 students who are pursuing their undergraduate and postgraduate studies. The facilities on the campus include a library,gymnasium, dining halls and restaurants. There are dormitories for men and women and accommodation for staff members. A visitor's hostel was built in 1990. The campus is full of greenery. It has over 110 species of trees and rare and native plant species. The roads connecting the departments are named after species of trees. For example _Arjun Marg_ (_Marg_ means path in Hindi), _Tala Marg_ and Silver Oak Marg.

## Related pages

- Indian Institute of Astrophysics
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

## Other websites

- Indian Institute of Science
- Top Universities: Indian Institute of Science
Dan Waern

**Dan Waern** (born 17 January 1933 in Sköldinge, Sweden) is a Swedish former middle-distance runner. In 1957, he became the first Swede to run the first sub-four-minute mile. 1957 was also the year he was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal.

In 1961, the IAAF disqualified him for professionalism.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Dan Waern
- **image**: Dan Waern 3.jpg
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **citizenship**: Swedish
- **birth place**: Sköldinge, Sweden
- **country**: Sweden
- **sport**: track and field athletics
Sköldinge

**Sköldinge** is a locality in Katrineholm Municipality in Södermanland County in Sweden. In 2010, 604 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sköldinge
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Katrineholm Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Södermanland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Södermanland
- **area total km2**: 1.01
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 604
- **population density km2**: 596
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Toini Gustafsson

**Toini Gustafsson Rönnlund**, born _Toini Gustafsson_, 17 January 1938 in Suomussalmi, Finland) is a Swedish former cross country skier. During the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble she won two individual gold medals. In 1968, she was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal. She was married with Swedish cross-country skier Assar Rönnlund until he died in January 2011.
Lasse Granqvist

**Lasse Granqvist**, born 25 October 1957 in Solna, Sweden is a Swedish sports journalist. He was active for Sveriges Radio from August 1987 to 15 January 2013. On 1 January 2000 became active for C More Entertainment.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lasse Granqvist
- **image**: Lasse Granqvist 2013-11-08 002.jpg
- **caption**: Lasse Granqvist in 2013
- **birth place**: Solna Municipality, Solna, Sweden
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **occupation**: sports journalism, sports journalist, businessperson, businessman
Michel Guimond

**Michel Guimond** (December 26, 1953 – January 19, 2015) was a Canadian politician. From 1987 to 1993 he served as a city councillor in Boischatel, Quebec. After this, he ran in the 1993 federal election for the Bloc Québécois.

## Career

He was elected into the Canadian House of Commons as the member from Beauport—Montmorency—Orléans. He was re-elected in the 1997 and 2000 federal elections (in the riding of Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans) and in the 2004 federal election (in the riding of Charlevoix—Montmorency).

In the 2004 and 2008 elections, he won in Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord before being defeated in the 2011 federal election. A lawyer, he has served as the Bloc critic of Parliamentary Affairs, Transport and to the Auditor General.

He then served as whip and deputy whip of the Bloc Québécois, and was also the vice-chair of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs.

In the 2014 provincial election, he ran unsuccessfully for the Parti Quebecois to represent the riding of Montmorency.

## Death

Guimond died of heart failure on January 19, 2015 in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 61.

## Other websites

- Parliament Webpage

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michel Guimond
- **image**: Michel Guimond BQ 12042011.JPG
- **caption**: Michel Guimond speaking at a press conference during the 2011 election campaign
- **term start**: October 25, 1993
- **term end**: May 2, 2011
- **predecessor**: Charles Deblois
- **successor**: Jonathan Tremblay
- **riding**: Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord
- **birth place**: Chicoutimi, Quebec
- **death place**: Boischatel, Quebec City, Quebec
- **profession**: attorney
- **party**: Bloc Québécois,
Parti Québécois
- **residence**: Beauport, Quebec City, Beauport, Quebec
- **spouse**: Mariette Langlois
Vladimir Kesarev

**Vladimir Petrovich Kesarev** (; 26 February 1930 – 19 January 2015) was a Soviet Russian footballer.

He earned 14 caps for the USSR national football team, and participated in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He was selected in the squad for the first ever European Nations' Cup in 1960, where the Soviets were champions, but did not play in any games at the tournament.

## Other websites

- Profile (in Russian)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Vladimir Kesarev
- **image**: Kesarev.JPG
- **image size**: 200
- **fullname**: Vladimir Petrovich Kesarev
- **birth place**: Moscow, USSR
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: Mashinostroitel' Moscow
- **years1**: 1956–1965
- **clubs1**: FC Dynamo Moscow
- **caps1**: 194
- **goals1**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 1957–1960
- **nationalyears2**: 1963
- **nationalteam1**: USSR national football team, USSR
- **nationalcaps1**: 14
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1967–1980
- **manageryears2**: 1981–1984
- **manageryears3**: 1985
- **manageryears4**: 1986
- **manageryears5**: 1990–1991
- **managerclubs1**: FC Dynamo Moscow (youth teams)
- **managerclubs2**: FC Dynamo Vologda
- **managerclubs3**: Dynamo Kashira
- **managerclubs4**: FC Dynamo Makhachkala
- **managerclubs5**: Dynamo Yakutsk
Miriam Akavia

**Miriam Akavia** (born **Matylda Weinfeld**, 20 November 1927 – 16 January 2015) was a Polish-born Israeli writer and translator. She was a Holocaust survivor. Akavia served as president of the Platform for Jewish-Polish Dialogue. She was born in Kraków, Poland.

Akavia died in Warsaw, Poland of natural causes, aged 87.

## Other websites

- Platform for Jewish-Polish Dialogue
Anne Kirkbride

**Anne Kirkbride** (21 June 1954 – 19 January 2015) was an English actress. She was best known for portraying the role of Deirdre Barlow in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ from 1972 to 2014.

On 19 January 2015, Kirkbride died of breast cancer in a Manchester hospital. She was 60 years old. Before she died, Kirkbride was planning to go back to _Coronation Street_, but never had the chance to do so.

## Other websites

- What's on TV profile

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Deirdre Barlow 2.jpg
- **name**: Anne Kirkbride
- **birth place**: Oldham, Lancashire, England
- **death date**: January 19 2015(Aged 60)
- **death place**: Manchester, England
- **death cause**: Breast cancer
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1971–2014
- **spouse**: David Beckett
 (m. 1992–2015, her death)
- **parents**: Jack Kirkbride
Arthit Kamlang-ek

General **Arthit Kamlang-ek** (31 August 1925 - 19 January 2015; , ) was a Thai general.

He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army from 1982 to 1986 and parallel the Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces from 1983 to 1986.
José Carrasco

**José Carlos Carrasco Távara** (1944 – 18 January 2015) was a Peruvian politician. He represented Piura from 2006 through 2011. Carrasco was a member of the Peruvian Aprista Party. He was born in the Sullana Province, Peru.

Carrasco died in Lima, Peru on 18 January 2015 from lung cancer, aged 70.

## Other websites

- Official Congressional Site
Marshmallow creme

**Marshmallow creme** (also called **marshmallow fluff**, **marshmallow stuff**, **marshmallow spread**, or **marshmallow paste**) is an American food item. It is a very sweet and spreadable. It is made out of marshmallows. Marshmallow creme and peanut butter are used to create a fluffernutter sandwich. In addition, marshmallow creme and Nutella can be spread on graham crackers to make s'mores.

Marshmallow creme has around 91.3 calories.
Chynna Phillips

**Chynna Phillips** (born February 12, 1968) is an American actress and singer who performed with Wilson Phillips. In the movie _Some Kind of Wonderful_, she played Mia. She played Mimi in _Say Anything..._. She is the daughter of The Mamas & the Papas band members Michelle and John Phillips.

Phillips was born in Los Angeles.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chynna Phillips
- **image**: Chynna Phillips.jpg
- **caption**: Phillips performing with Wilson Phillips in 2013
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Chynna Gilliam Phillips
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer, actress
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **label**: SBK Records
EMI
- **associated acts**: Wilson Phillips
Carnie Wilson

**Carnie Wilson** (born April 29, 1968) is an American singer and television host. She sang with Wilson Phillips. She also hosted her own talk show.

Wilson was born in Los Angeles.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carnie Wilson
- **image**: Carnie Wilson Oct 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Wilson at the Arizona Ultimate Women's Expo in October 2014
- **birth place**: Los Angeles,California, United States
- **occupation**: Singer/Television host
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **spouse**: Rob Bonfiglio (2000–present; 2 children)
Assist (football)

In association football, an **assist** is a pass or a cross by a player which helps to score a goal. Most commonly, an assist is given to a player for passing or crossing the ball to the scorer.  It may also be awarded to a player whose shot rebounds (off a defender, goalkeeper or goalpost) to a teammate who scores. Some systems may give an assist to a player who wins a penalty kick or a free kick for another player to score. An attacking player for contributing to an own goal can also get an assist. A goal may be unassisted, or have one assist. In some systems, even two assists is possible.
Vejbystrand

**Vejbystrand** is a bimunicipal locality in Skåne County, Sweden. In 2010,2,721 people lived there. Most people live in Ängelholm Municipality and some in Båstad Municipality.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Vejbystrand
- **pushpin map**: Denmark
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Ängelholm Municipality
and Båstad Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Skåne County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Skåne
- **area total km2**: 2.74
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 2,721
- **population density km2**: 992
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Renzo De Felice

**Renzo De Felice** (8 April 1929 – 25 May 1996) was an Italian historian. He was born in Rieti and studied at the Sapienza University of Rome. In his youth De Felice joined the Italian Communist Party. He left the party after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He wrote more than 20 books and a large number of essays based on his extensive research. He was especially known for his studies on fascism. On this subject he was considered an expert.

He spent more than 40 years (1956-1996) of his life writing a biography of Benito Mussolini. He died before completing it. De Felice was considered an historical revisionist. He taught history at the Sapienza University of Rome. He was married to Livia De Ruggiero. De Felice died May 25, 1996 in Rome.

## Selected Works

- _Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo_, 1961.
- _The Jews in Fascist Italy. A History, _Enigma Books, 2001. _
- _Mussolini_, 4 volumes, 1965-1997 (Turin, 1965–97)
    - _vol. 1, Mussolini il rivoluzionario, 1883–1920; vol. 2, Mussolini il fascista, pt. 1, La conquista del potere, 1921–1925, pt. 2, L’organizzazione dello Stato fascista, 1925–1929; vol. 3, Mussolini il duce, pt. 1, Gli anni del consenso, 1929–1936, pt. 2, Lo stato totalitario, 1936–1940; vol. 4, Mussolini l’alleato, 1940–1945, pt. 1, L’Italia in guerra, 1940–1943, bk. 1, Dalla guerra “breve” alla guerra lunga, bk. 2, Crisi e agonia del regime, pt. 2, La guerra civile, 1943–1945._
- _Le interpretazioni del fascismo_, 1969.
- _Il fascismo: le interpretazioni dei contemporanei e degli storici_, 1970.
- _Intervista sul fascismo_, edited by Michael Ledeen, 1975.
- _Ebrei in un paese arabo: gli ebrei nella Libia contemporanea tra colonialismo, nazionalismo arabo e sionismo (1835-1970)'', 1978.
Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The **Hungarian Revolution of 1956** or **Hungarian Uprising of 1956** ( or ******) was a spontaneous nationwide revolt. It was against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies. It lasted from 23 October until 10 November 1956. It was the first major threat to Soviet control since the USSR's forces drove out the Nazis at the end of World War II and took over Eastern Europe. Despite the failure of the uprising, it was highly influential. It played a role in the fall of the Soviet Union decades later.

## Prelude

At the end of World War II Hungary was liberated from the Nazis. It was occupied by the Soviet Union’s Red Army. Hungary's communists were led by General Secretary Mátyás Rákosi and backed by Joseph Stalin. The communists destroyed all political opposition. In 1949 Hungary officially became the People’s Republic of Hungary. Rákosi was an oppressive ruler. He exiled, imprisoned or killed over 300,000 Hungarians. After Stalin died, the soviet communists replaced Rákosi with Imre Nagy. They thought his softer approach would win them popularity. But the Kremlin decided he had become too popular. Rákosi was returned to power in April 1955. His secret police, the AVO, carried out Rákosi's oppressive orders again. Eventually, the Hungarian people got tired of their bad living standards and protested.

When the revolt broke out in October 1956, the Hungarian revolt was very sudden. Nobody had any idea it would sweep the country and break out everywhere all at once. However, there were warning signs that trouble was coming. The Communist Party in Hungary had lost much of its authority and respect. In July of 1956 Rákosi was removed again as leader of the party. He was sent back to the Soviet Union.

## Results

2,500 Hungarians died and thousands were imprisoned. Hundreds of Soviet troops died. 200,000 fled Hungary. Communists in the Western Bloc argued about the Soviet Union intervening to stop the uprising.
Substitute (association football)

In association football, a **substitute** is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for a player who is currently playing. Substitutions can be made for many reasons. Sometimes, they are made to replace a player who has become tired or injured. Substitutes can also replace a player who is playing poorly, or can be for tactics. For example, substitute strikers can be brought on for defenders if the team needs to attack. The term "super-sub" refers to a substitution made by the manager that saves the game. This is generally done by scoring one or more late goals. The goals can equalize or win the team the match. Players who have been called "super-subs" include David Fairclough for Liverpool, Adam Le Fondre for Reading, Ole Gunnar Solskjær and Javier Hernández for Manchester United, and Edin Džeko for Manchester City  among others.
Water-mixable oil paint

**Water-mixable oil paint** (also called "water soluble" or "water miscible") is a modern type of oil paint.

It is designed to be thinned and cleaned up with water. This avoids using turpentine, whose fumes may be harmful if inhaled, and is a fires risk.

Water miscible oil paint can be mixed and used with the same techniques as traditional oil-based paint. When it is still wet, it can be removed from brushes, palettes, and rags with ordinary soap and water. Its water solubility comes from the use of an oil medium in which one end of the molecule has been altered to bind loosely to water molecules, as in a solution.

Another advantage of this type of oil paint is that it dries faster than traditional oils (but slower than acrylics). Also, painters can control the speed of drying with supplementary products from artistic paint suppliers.
Turpentine

**Turpentine** (spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine) or  **turps** is a solvent and a source of materials for organic synthesis.

Turpentine is a solvent fluid extracted by distilling resin from live trees, mainly pines. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints, for producing varnishes, and as a raw material for the chemical industry.

The word _turpentine_ comes from the Greek word τερεβινθίνη _terebinthine_, the name of a species of tree, the terebinth tree.

It is hazardous. It is dangerous to inhale, and can cause fires. Because of this, white spirit (mineral turps) or other substitutes are often used.
They are very different chemically.
American Sniper

***American Sniper*** is a 2014 American drama movie. It is directed by Clint Eastwood. It is based on a book by Chris Kyle called _American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History_. It stars Bradley Cooper in the leading role with Sienna Miller. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 2014. The movie was nominated for six awards at the 2015 Oscars.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: American Sniper
- **director**: Clint Eastwood
- **screenplay**: Jason Hall (screenwriter), Jason Hall
- **cinematography**: Tom Stern (cinematographer), Tom Stern
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. Pictures
- **runtime**: 132 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $59 million
- **gross**: $547.4 million
SummerSlam (2000)

**SummerSlam (2000)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 27, 2000 at Raleigh Entertainment and Sports Arena in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the thirteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw The Rock defeat Triple H and Kurt Angle in a Triple threat match to retain his WWF Championship. The Rock won the match by pinfall after he hit Triple H with the People's Elbow. A featured match on the undercard saw Kane and The Undertaker fight to a no contest. the match ended in a no contest after Undertaker unmasked Kane. Another main match on the undercard was Edge and Christian (c), The Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) and The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) in the first Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Edge and Christian won the match after they climbed the ladder and grabbed the belts that were hanging above the ring.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Right to Censor (Steven Richards, Bull Buchanan, and The Goodfather) defeated Too Cool (Scotty 2 Hotty, Grand Master Sexay, and Rikishi) (with Victoria and Mandy)|Six-man tag team match|5:12|||||
|2|X-Pac defeated Road Dogg|Singles match|4:42|||||
|3|Chyna and Eddie Guerrero defeated Val Venis (c) and Trish Stratus|Mixed tag team match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship|7:13|||||
|4|Jerry Lawler defeated Tazz|Singles match|4:24|||||
|5|Steve Blackman defeated Shane McMahon (c)|Hardcore match for the WWF Hardcore Championship|10:08|||||
|6|Chris Benoit defeated Chris Jericho|Two out of three falls match|25:11|||||
|7|Edge and Christian (c) defeated The Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) and The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley)|Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|14:51|||||
|8|The Kat (with Al Snow) defeated Terri (with Perry Saturn)|Stinkface match|3:06|||||
|9|The Undertaker vs. Kane ended in a no contest|Singles match|15:33|||||
|10|The Rock (c) defeated Kurt Angle and Triple H (with Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley)|Triple threat match for the WWF Championship|16:01|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official SummerSlam 2000 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: SummerSlam (2000)
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **sponsor**: Chef Boyardee
- **date**: August 27, 2000
- **venue**: PNC Arena, Raleigh Entertainment and Sports Arena
- **city**: Raleigh, North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina
- **lastevent**: Fully Loaded (2000)
- **nextevent**: Unforgiven (2000)
- **event**: SummerSlam
- **lastevent2**: SummerSlam (1999)
- **nextevent2**: SummerSlam (2001)
Denis Mack Smith

**Denis Mack Smith** CBE FBA FRSL (3 March 1920 – 11 July 2017) was a British historian. He has written many books and articles on the history of Italy from the Risorgimento onwards. He wrote biographies of famous Italians in history: Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II, and Benito Mussolini. He was born in London.

## Career

Between 1942 and 1945, Smith was an officer in the British War Cabinet. From 1947 to 1962 he was a fellow, tutor and lecturer at the University of Cambridge. From 1962 to 1987 he was a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. He is an Honorary Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford and of Peterhouse, Cambridge.

Smith died on 11 July 2017 in London at the age of 97.

## Bibliography

- _Cavour and Garibaldi, 1860: A Study in Political Conflict_, 1954.
- _Garibaldi: A Great Life in Brief_, 1956.
- _Italy: A Modern History_, 1958, revised 1969, completely revised and reprinted as _Modern Italy: A Political History_, 1997.
- _A History of Sicily_, with Moses Finley, in two volumes, _Medieval Sicily 800-1713_ and _Modern Sicily after 1713_, 1968; abridged and reprinted as the single volume _A History of Sicily_ with Moses Finley and Christopher Duggan, 1986.
- _The Making of Italy, 1796-1870_, 1968 (editor), reprinted as _The Making of Italy, 1796-1866_, 1988.
- _Great Lives Observed: Garibaldi_, 1969 (editor).
- _Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento_, 1971.
- _Vittorio Emanuele II_, 1975.
- _Mussolini's Roman Empire_ (_Le guerre del Duce_), 1976.
- _Mussolini_, 1981.
- _Cavour_, 1985.
- _Il Risorgimento italiano. Storia e testi_, 1987.
- _Italy and its Monarchy_, 1989.
- _Mazzini_, 1994.
- _La storia manipolata_, 1998.
Anatol Hrytskievich

**Anatol Hrytskievich** (; January 31, 1929 – January 20, 2015) was a Belarusian historian. He was a correspondent member of the International Academy of Science of Eurasia (1996–2015), doctor of history (1986–2015), professor (1987–2015). He was born in  Minsk.

Hrytskievich died on January 20, 2015 in Minsk, aged 85.
Bob Symes

**Robert Alexander Schutzmann** (6 May 1924 – 19 January 2015) was an Austrian-born British inventor and television presenter.

He was known for his works in _Tomorrow's Land_ and on model railways. Symes was known for his relaxed and gentle but well-informed style on his shows. Symes was born in Vienna, Austria.

Symes died in west Wales from cancer, aged 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Alexander Schutzmann
- **image**: Bob Symes Vienna 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Bob Symes in Vienna, 2008
Australian twenty-cent coin

The **twenty-cent coin** is part of the Australian decimal currency system.

It replaced the florin on the 14th of February, 1966. The florin was for two shillings. As the system changed, the Australian pound became worth two Australian dollars.

On the obverse side, there is the Queen Elizabeth of Australia. On the other side, there is a platypus.

## Other websites

- Australian Decimal Currency
- 20 cent coin collection
- The Royal Australian Mint
Trypanosoma

***Trypanosoma*** is a genus of parasitic protozoa. There are in the class Kinetoplastida. They are a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. All trypanosomes are need more than one particular host to complete life cycle.

Most are transmitted by a vector, usually by blood-feeding invertebrates. There are different mechanisms among the various species. In an invertebrate host they are generally found in the intestine, but in their mammalian host they usually live in the bloodstream or inside cells.

Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including the fatal human diseases sleeping sickness, caused by _Trypanosoma brucei_, and Chagas disease, caused by _Trypanosoma cruzi_.

The mitochondrial genome of the _Trypanosoma_, and other kinetoplastids, is made of a highly complex series of circles and minicircles. It needs many proteins for organisation during cell division.
Robert Knox

**Robert Knox** (4 September 1791 – 20 December 1862) was a Scottish anatomist, zoologist, ethnologist and doctor. He is best known for the Burke and Hare murders. Some of his work had controversy because he tried to prove that Anglo-Saxons were superior to other people.

## Life

Robert Knox was born in Edinburgh's North Richmond Street to Mary and Robert Knox. His father was a teacher of mathematics and philosophy. He had smallpox as an infant, which blinded his left eye and changed his face. He was educated at the Royal High School, where he bullied his friends.

In 1810, he joined medical classes in Edinburgh. He became interested in transcendentalism.

Knox graduated from Edinburgh University in 1814.

Knox married his wife Susan in 1824.

## Other websites

- Robert Knox MD, FRCSEd, FRSEd 1791–1862: The first Conservator of the College Museum
_The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Historical Review_, 2000. Accessed 23 February 2007.
- Collection of prints related to the Burke and Hare murders
Ambrosia beetle

**Ambrosia beetles** are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae. They live in symbiosis with ambrosia fungi and bacteria. The beetles make tunnels in dead trees where they grow fungal gardens for nutrition.

During their evolution, most weevils became more or less dependant on fungi. Some bark beetles that ate phloem are using more fungi. These beetles are called _mycophloeophages_.

## Other websites

- Images and information  on the Ambrosia beetle at the University of Florida.
- The MSU HISL database  contains a species list
- American Bark and Ambrosia Beetles
Platypus (weevil)

***Platypus*** is a weevil genus in the subfamily Platypodinae.

## Species

- _Platypus apicalis_
- _Platypus australis_
- _Platypus calamus_
- _Platypus cylindrus_
- _Platypus contaminatus_
- _Platypus gracilis_
- _Platypus hamatus_
- _Platypus kiushuensis_
- _Platypus lewisi_
- _Platypus modestus_
- _Platypus quercivorus_
- _Platypus severini_
- _Platypus solidus_
- _Platypus taiwansis_
Michel Jeury

**Michel Jeury** (23 January 1934 – 9 January 2015), also known by his pseudonym **Albert Higon**, was a French science fiction writer. He wrote over seventy books between 1958 and 2013.

Jeury was born in Razac-d'Eymet, Dordogne.

Jeury died on 9 January 2015 in Vaison-la-Romaine, Vaucluse, aged 80.

## Other websites

- Michel Jeury at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Hypocenter

The **hypocenter** (literally: 'below the center') is the site of an earthquake or a nuclear explosion. In an earthquake, it is a synonym of the **focus** and is directly below the epicenter. In the case of a nuclear explosion, it is a synonym of ground zero.
Bettino Ricasoli

**Bettino Ricasoli, 1st Baron Ricasoli, 1st Count of Brolio** (29 March 1809 - 23 October 1880) was an Italian statesman. He was born in Florence. Ricasoli served as Mayor of Florence from January 1848 to November of the same year. Member of the "Historic Right", after the Camillo Cavour's death Ricasoli became Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy. He was Prime Minister of Italy from 12 June 1861 to 3 March 1862 and from 20 June 1866 to 10 April 1867. He was also twice Foreign Minister, twice Interior Minister and once Minister of War.

In the last years of his life he was mayor of Gaiole in Chianti, a small town near Siena. Ricasoli died in his castle in Broglio, another village near Siena. Ricasoli's private life and public career were marked by the utmost integrity, and by a rigid austerity which earned him the name of the "Iron Baron". He was also a freemason.
Kinyarwanda

**Kinyarwanda** is the official language of Rwanda. Many natives in the country speak it.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Rwanda
- **altname**: _Ikinyarwanda_
- **states**: Rwanda, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- **ethnicity**: Hutu, Tutsi
- **speakers**: 9.8 million
- **date**: 2007
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam6**: Northeast Bantu
- **fam7**: Great Lakes Bantu
- **fam8**: Rwanda-Rundi
- **nation**: Rwanda
- **iso1**: rw
- **iso2**: kin
- **iso3**: kin
- **glotto**: kiny1244
- **glottorefname**: Kinyarwanda
- **guthrie**: JD.61
- **notice**: IPA