juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chris Lilley (comedian)

**Christopher Daniel Lilley** (born 10 November 1974) is an Australian comedian, television producer, actor, musician and writer. He is known for his creation and portrayal of several characters in the mockumentary television series _We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year_ (2005), _Summer Heights High_ (2007), _Angry Boys_ (2011), _Ja'mie: Private School Girl_ (2013), _Jonah from Tonga_ (2014) and _Lunatics_ (2019). He has also won the Logie Award for Most Popular Actor twice.

## Life and career

Lilley was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and grew up in Turramurra. He lives in Melbourne, Victoria.

Lilley made his debut in the _Big Bite_ in 2003. He played a role of sports enthusiast Extreme Darren and the high-school drama teacher Mr G.

He is a vegetarian.
Adjustable wrench

An **adjustable wrench** (US) or **adjustable spanner** (UK) is a wrench with a "jaw" of adjustable width. It can be used with different sizes of fastener head (nut or bolt). This type of tool may have other names in other parts of the world.

Several people are claimed as its inventor. Edwin Beard Budding (1796–1846), an engineer from Stroud, England, is one. On 22 September 1885 Enoch Harris received US patent 326868 for his spanner that permitted both the jaw width and the angle of the handles to be adjusted and locked. Some countries refer to it as a "Swedish key" after Swedish inventor Johan Petter Johansson. In 1891 he got a patent for an improved adjustable spanner which is still used today. Johansson improved the 1842 invention of another English engineer Richard Clyburn.

## Monkey wrenches

A **monkey wrench** is a heavyweight wrench in which the jaw width is set by a spinning ring fixed under the sliding lower jaw. In 1840, Worcester, Massachusetts knife manufacturer Loring Coes invented it. It was based on the wrench used on English 18th-century coach wheels. Coe patented it in 1841 and the tools were advertised and sold in the United States as "monkey wrenches".

## Related pages

- Wrench
Northern Sotho language

**Northern Sotho** (_Sesotho sa Leboa_ in Northern Sotho) is an African language mainly spoken by people living in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.

Northern Sotho is one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. It is spoken by almost 4 618 500 people, or 8.4% of South Africans at home (2011-census). Northern Sotho is part of the Sotho language family.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Sepedi
- **states**: South Africa
- **region**: Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
- **speakers**: million
- **date**: 2011 census
- **ref**: e18
- **speakers2**: 9.1 million L2 speakers (2002)
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam6**: Southern Bantu
- **fam7**: Sotho–Tswana languages, Sotho–Tswana
- **fam8**: Sotho languages, Sotho
- **dia1**: Pedi
- **dia2**: Lobedu (Kgaga)
- **dia3**: Gananwa (Tlokwa)
- **dia4**: Kopa (Ndebele-Sotho)
- **dia5**: Birwa
- **dia6**: Tswapong
- **dia7**: ? Phalaborwa
- **dia8**: ? Kutswe (East Sotho)
- **dia9**: ? Pai (East Sotho)
- **dia10**: ? Pulana (East Sotho)
- **nation**: South Africa
- **agency**: Pan South African Language Board
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Sotho alphabet)
Sotho Braille
- **sign**: Signed Pedi
- **iso2**: nso
- **lc1**: nso
- **ld1**: Pedi etc.
- **lc2**: brl
- **ld2**: Birwa
- **lc3**: two
- **ld3**: Tswapong
- **guthrie**: S.32,301–304
- **glotto**: nort3233
- **glottoname**: North Sotho + South Ndebele


## Infobox (nc name)

- Mopedi
- Bapedi
- Sepedi
- Pedi
Sotho language

**Southern Sotho** (_Sesotho_ in Southern Sotho) is an African language mainly spoken by people living in Lesotho and the Free State Province of South Africa.

Southern Sotho is one of the two official languages of Lesotho and one of the eleven official languages of South Africa. It is spoken by almost 6,024,000 people, or 7% of South Africans at home (2011 census). Southern Sotho is part of the Sotho language family.

Southern Sotho contains many loanwords from Zulu.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Southern Sotho
- **nativename**: Sesotho
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **states**: Lesotho
South Africa
- **region**: Southern Africa
- **speakers**: 6 024 000
- **script**: Roman alphabet, Latin
- **fam2**: Atlantic-Congo languages, Atlantic-Congo
- **fam3**: Volta-Congo languages, Volta-Congo
- **fam4**: Benue-Congo languages, Benue-Congo
- **fam5**: Bantoid languages, Bantoid
- **fam6**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam7**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam8**: Southern Bantu
- **fam9**: Sotho-Tswana Group
- **nation**:

- **agency**: Pan South African Language Board
- **iso1**: st
- **iso2**: sot
- **iso3**: sot
Bolt

A **bolt** is a form of grooved fastener with an external helical male thread that engages the interior female thread of a nut. Bolts are closely related to and often confused with screws.

A screw is different from a bolt because it does not take a nut, and its helical thread is used to penetrate (cut into) a softer material (such as wood).

This distinction is not always clear, and screws are someimes regarded as bolts without a nut.
Tswana language

The **Tswana** language (or **Setswana**) is a language spoken in southern Africa. About five million people speak it. It is a Bantu language. It belongs to the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho languages. It is closely related to the Northern- and Southern Sotho languages.

Tswana is an official language of Botswana. Most Tswana speakers are in South Africa, where four million people speak the language.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Setswana
- **nativename**: Setswana
- **states**: Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia
- **ethnicity**: Batswana people, Batswana
- **speakers**: million in South Africa (2011)
 million in Botswana
- **date**: 1993
- **ref**: e18
- **speakers2**: unknown number in Zimbabwe
7.7 million L2 speakers in South Africa (2002)
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam6**: Southern Bantu
- **fam7**: Sotho–Tswana languages, Sotho–Tswana
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Tswana alphabet)
Tswana Braille
- **nation**:

- **iso1**: tn
- **iso2**: tsn
- **iso3**: tsn
- **lingua**: [http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=99-AUT-eg 99-]
- **glotto**: tswa1253
- **glottorefname**: Tswana
Nut (hardware)

A **nut** is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used with a mating bolt to fasten  parts together. Because of this "nut and bolt" or "nuts and bolts" are a term which recognise their pairing.

Like bolt heads, their shape is usually hexagonal, because this is best for gripping with tools. Nuts are graded with strength ratings like their respective bolts. For example, an ISO property class 10 nut can support the bolt proof strength load of an ISO property class 10.9 bolt without stripping its thread (the inside spiral groove).
Corn snake

The **corn snake** (_Pantherophis guttatus_) is a North American species of rat snake that kills small prey by constriction.

Corn snakes are found throughout the southeastern and central United States. They are often kept as pets. They reach a moderate size of . In the wild, they usually live around 6–8 years, but in captivity can live to be up to 23 years old or longer.

Corn snakes look similar to  the venomous copperhead snake and are often killed because of this similarity.  Corn snakes are harmless and beneficial to humans. They are one of the most common snakes kept as pets, alongside the garter snake and ball python. Corn snakes lack venom and help control populations of wild rodent pests that damage crops and spread disease. They can be distinguished from copperheads  by their brighter colors, slender build and lack of heat-sensing pits.

Although the corn snake is distinguished by its bright red orange colored scales, possible mutations can occur completely rejecting these pigments, changing its appearance. The two-color mutations that are known to occur is albinism and anerythrism. Snakes that are homozygous for albinism lack the black pigment, and the ones that are homozygous for anerythrism lack the red pigment.

The corn snake is named for the species' regular presence near grain stores, where it preys on mice and rats that eat harvested corn. The _Oxford English Dictionary_ cites this usage as far back as 1675. Some sources maintain that the corn snake is so-named because the distinctive, nearly-checkered pattern of the snake's belly scales resembles the kernels of variegated corn. Regardless of the name's origin, the corn reference can be a useful mnemonic for identifying them. Their diet in the wild mainly consists of rodents, small amphibians, birds and/or their eggs, other types of eggs, and so on. They're not known for eating insects, though. In captivity they're usually fed a steady diet of pinky mice and other types of creatures such as the ones above.

## References

6. Bechtel, H. (1989, July 01). Color Mutations in the Corn Snake (Elaphe guttata guttata): Review and Additional Breeding Data. Retrieved April 08, 2019, Journal of Heredity, Volume 80, Issue 4, July 1989, Pages 272–276,
Screw thread

A **screw thread**, often shortened to **thread**, is a helical structure. It is a ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a _straight_ thread and the latter called a _tapered_ thread.

The tightening of a nut to a bolt is like driving a wedge into a gap until it sticks through friction and plastic deformation (how the surfaces of the two objects slightly squash together).

A screw thread is one of the six simple machines which give mechanical advantage.

The mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its _lead_, which is the linear distance the screw travels in one turn or revolution.
Planomicrobium glaciei

***Planomicrobium glaciei***  is a species of bacteria. The cells are first coccoid. After some time they change to rods. The bacterium use the aerobic respiration with oxygen. The bacterium does not form endospores. It belongs to the gram-positive Firmicutes.
South Magnetic Pole

The **South Magnetic Pole** is the point on the southern hemisphere where the magnetic lines are directly pointing upward. In other words, if there were a magnet inside the earth axis (from north to south), the South Magnetic pole would be at its southern end. Because the magnetic field of the Earth changes, the exact location of this pole does as well. In 2020, it was estimated to be at , placing it off the coast of Antarctica. In 2015, it was at . That point lies outside the Antarctic Circle. Due to polar drift, the pole is moving northwest by about 10 to 15 kilometers per year. Its current distance from the actual Geographic South Pole is approximately 2860 km. The nearest permanent science station is Dumont d'Urville Station. Wilkes Land contains a large gravitational mass concentration.
1915 Football Championship Paranaense

**The 1915 Football Paranaense Championship** (in Portuguese: **Campeonato Paranaense de Futebol de 1915**)  was the first championship edition of the Brazilian state of Paraná and southern Brazil.

The winner this year was the _International Football Club_. It was a football club of Curitiba, extinct since 1924.

## Games

May 23 - International 2-0 America
- May 30 - Coritiba 1-1 Rio Branco
- June 6 - Paraná 5-0 Paranaguá
- June 13 - America 5-1 Rio Branco
- June 20 - Coritiba 1-1 Paraná
- June 27 - International 8-1 Paranaguá
- July 5th - Coritiba 3-1 America
- July 12 - International 2-0 Paraná
- July 13 - Internacional 2-0 Coritiba
- July 25 - America W-O Paranaguá (Walkover)
- July 25 - Paraná 9-0 Rio Branco
- August 1 - Rio Branco 3-1 Paranaguá
- August 3 - International W-O Rio Branco (Walkover)
- August 10 - Paraná 2-0 America
- August 17 - Coritiba 2-0 Paranaguá

### Return

- August 24 - America 1-0 International
- August 31 - Rio Branco 0-3 Coritiba
- September 7 - Paranaguá 0-6 Paraná
- September 7 - Rio Branco 3-3 America
- September 14 - Paraná 1-0 Coritiba
- September 21 - Paranaguá 3-7 Internacional
- September 28 - America W-O Coritiba ✱ (Walkover)
- October 5th - Paraná 1-2 Internacional
- October 12 - Paranaguá 3-0 Rio Branco
- October 13 - Coritiba 1-3 International
- October 19th -Rio Branco O-W Paraná (Walkover)
- October 26 - Paranaguá O-W America (Walkover)
- November 17th - Rio Branco O-W International (Walkover)
- November 2 - America 0-2 Paraná
- November 7 - Paranaguá 3-3 Coritiba

## Champion

**International Foot-Ball Club**

## Other websites

- Federação Paranaense de Futebol 1915 championship
Robert Rietti

**Robert Rietti**, born **Lucio Rietti** and usually credited as **Robert Rietty** (8 February 1923 – 3 April 2015), was a British-born Italian actor, director and playwright. He was knighted by the Italian government.

Rietti died on 3 April 2015, aged 92

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Robert_Rietty.jpg
- **name**: Robert Rietti
- **birth name**: Lucio Rietti
- **other names**: Bobby Rietti, Robert Rietty
- **occupation**: Actor, Director
- **yearsactive**: 1933–2008
- **parents**: Victor Rietti
Rachel Rosenay
- **relatives**: Ronald Rietti
(brother)
Jaroslav Holík

**Jaroslav Holík** (; August 3, 1942 – April 17, 2015) was a Czech professional ice hockey coach and former player.

Holik played in the Czechoslovak Extraliga for Dukla Jihlava. He won a bronze medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. He was also successful at the Ice Hockey World Championships, winning gold at the 1972 World Ice Hockey Championships in Prague, silver at the 1965 World Ice Hockey Championships in Tampere and 1966 World Ice Hockey Championships in Ljubljana, and bronze at the 1969 World Ice Hockey Championships, 1970 World Ice Hockey Championships, both in Stockholm, and 1973 World Ice Hockey Championships in Moscow.

## Other websites

- Jaroslav Holík – biography

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 183
- **played for**: Dukla Jihlava
- **birth place**: Havlíčkův Brod, Německý Brod, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Bohemia and Moravia

- **career start**: 1956
- **career end**: 1979
Mariano Gago

**José Mariano Rebelo Pires Gago**  (16 May 1948 – 17 April 2015) was a Portuguese electrical engineer and politician for the Socialist Party. He served as the Minister for Science and Technology from 28 October 1995 to 6 April 2002. He also served as the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education from 21 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.

Gago was born in Lisbon. He studied at universities in Lisbon and Paris. He was married and had a daughter.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2001.

Gago died a sudden cardiac death on 17 April 2015 in Lisbon. He was 66.
Alfred Eick

**Alfred Eick** (9 March 1916 – 12 April 2015) was a German U-boat commander for Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded the attacks on at least eleven ships between 1943 and 1945. He was given the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Eick was born in Essen, Rhine Province, then-German Empire. He was also an accountant.

Eick died on 12 April 2015 in Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, aged 99.
Urban heat island

An **urban heat island**, or UHI, is an urban area that is warmer than the area around it.  It happens because things in cities like concrete take longer to give off heat than things like trees, which are common outside of cities, because of urbanization. The urban heat island effect is stronger at night and when there is not much wind. Cities can be 3 °C warmer than nearby countryside.

In country areas, a large part of the incoming solar energy goes to evaporate water from vegetation and soil. But cities have less vegetation and soil. In cities, most of the sun’s energy is absorbed by urban building and asphalt paving. During warm daylight hours, there is less evaporative cooling in cities than in country areas. So, surface temperatures rise higher in cities than in country areas.

Also, vehicles, factories, and industrial and domestic heating and cooling units give off more heat in cities. This problem is growing. This effect causes the city to become 1 to 6 °C (2 to 10 °F) warmer than surrounding rural areas.
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot

***Thunderbolt and Lightfoot*** is a 1974 American crime comedy-drama movie. Clint Eastwood and Jeff Bridges play the title characters. This was the first movie directed by Michael Cimino. Jeff Bridges was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. This was his second nomination. This movie was released on September 2, 1974. Its reviews were good.
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri

**Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri** ( _‘Izzat Ibrāhīm ad-Dūrī_; 1 July 1942 – 26 October 2020) was an Iraqi general and a commander of the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order. He was an Iraqi military commander and was vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. He was second in command of Iraq after Saddam's sons.

Between 1979 to 2003, he was the Vice President of Iraq during the Saddam Hussein regime.

Douri was born in Ad-Dawr, Saladin Province. He was a Sunni Muslim and a Naqshbandi Sufi.

Douri was apparently killed by Iraqi government forces on 17 April 2015 in Tikrit, aged 72 but DNA tests failed to confirm his death. A year later, he appeared in a video sent to the press.

Douri died on 26 October 2020 in Iraq from leukemia, aged 78.

## Infobox (mp)

- **name**: Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
- **image**: File:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri (2003).jpg
- **alt**: al-Douri in 1989
- **caption**: al-Douri in 1989
Homo (disambiguation)

***Homo*** is the taxonomic genus that includes modern humans (_Homo sapiens sapiens_).

**Homo** may also refer to:

- ὅμο-, Greek prefix meaning "the same", opposite of "hetero-" (Greek ἕτερο- )
- _Homo_, Latin for "man", "human being"
- Homos, an alternate spelling for hummus or hommus, a Levantine or Israeli food dip or spread made from chickpeas
- Homo-, in chemistry, a prefix in trivial names indicating a homolog, a series of compounds with the same general formula,
- HOMO, in chemistry an acronym for Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital
- Homo, a colloquial abbreviation for homogenized milk (Canadian English)
- HomO, short name of the Swedish Ombudsman against Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation
- Homo (slang) an abbreviation for "homosexual" (adjective or noun), usually derogatory
Nintendomagasinet

**Nintendomagasinet** (**NM**) was a Swedish video game magazine. It was published between the years of 1990 and 1994. The magazine contained news, reports and comics based on video games. It also had a subscriber-only "Power Player" supplement which consisted of game reviews. The comics were translations of the Nintendo Comics System comics. Later it changed to the Nintendo Power comics _Super Mario Adventures_ and _The Legend of Zelda_.

## In popular culture

The first issue can be seen in the Swedish 1992 film _Jönssonligan & den svarta diamanten_.

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: Nintendomagasinet
- **editor**: Tobias Bjarneby
- **editor title**: editor in chief
- **frequency**: 10 issues each year
- **publisher**: Atlantic förlag
- **firstdate**: August 1990 in video gaming, 1990
- **lastdate**: July 1994 in video gaming, 1994
- **country**: Sweden
- **language**: Swedish language, Swedish
Zwartbles sheep

**Zwartbles sheep** are a large breed of domestic sheep. This breed first came from Holland in the north of the Netherlands. They were used to make sheep milk as well as lamb and mutton. They were often kept in the same fields as the dairy cattle.

They were brought over to Great Britain in the late 1900s. They are not very common and now live in the north of England. The sheep have reddish brown wool,  black legs with two (sometimes four) white socks, a white tip on the tail, and a black face with a white blaze. They do not have horns. The lambs look the same but have jet black wool. These are a tame and friendly sheep.

They are bred for their meat and not for their wool, because it is very dark and cannot be dyed. The meat from Zwartbles sheep does not have much fat and tastes sweet.

The Zwartbles are large sheep: ewes (females) weigh an average of , and rams (males) .
Being so large, they often have three or four lambs. Having so many babies can cause problems for the mother in giving birth.

These sheep have become less popular in Holland. There are so few there that they are listed as being rare by the Dutch Rare Breed Survival trust in the mid-1970s.
The first Zwartbles were imported to the United Kingdom in the early 1990s. A group for their farmers and owners, the Zwartbles Sheep Association, was formed in 1995.

Zwartbles are now mainly used for breeding lambs, and for their meat and wool. Already coming from the cold, wet, windy climate in the Netherlands, they can live in good health at various altitudes in Great Britain. Some Zwarbles are now shown in agricultural shows to be judged. The wool of these show animals is often trimmed to remove the brown wool tips. This leaves a tight black fleece showing as the primary colour.

## Other websites

- Zwartbles Sheep Association Website
Radcliffe College

**Radcliffe College** was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the female college attached to Harvard University. It was also one of the Seven Sisters colleges.

It shared, with Bryn Mawr College, the popular reputation of students being both intellectually and independently minded. Radcliffe gave Radcliffe College diplomas to undergraduates and graduate students for the first 70 or so years of its history.

In 1963 Radcliffe gave joint Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas to undergraduates. A formal "non-merger merger" agreement with Harvard was signed in 1977.  Radcliffe was fully integrated with Harvard by 1999. Today, in Harvard University, Radcliffe's former campus is now the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The former Radcliffe housing at the Radcliffe Quadrangle is now in the Harvard College housing system. Under the terms of the 1999 agreement, the Radcliffe Yard and the Radcliffe Quadrangle will always keep the "Radcliffe" name.
Bethel

**Bethel** (, meaning "House of God") was a city in the Hebrew Bible. It was located in what is now the West Bank.
Shiloh (biblical city)

**Shiloh** was a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. It is located in what is now the West Bank. In the Bible, it was the first capital of Israel.

## Other websites

- Rabbi Ariel Bar Tzodeck's Insight into Shiloh (a Kabbalist perspective)
- Shiloh in the Jewish Encyclopedia
- photos of the Mosaic from Tel Shiloh
- photos of the Mosaic from Tel Shiloh "Church of the ark found in the west bank" 
- Photos of Tel Shiloh
- More Archeology at Tel Shiloh
House of Rohan

The **House of Rohan** is a French noble family of viscounts, later dukes and princes. They come from the area called Rohan in Brittany. Their line descends from the viscounts of Porhoët. It is said to trace back to the legendary Conan Meriadoc. Through the Porhoët, the Rohan are related to the Dukes of Brittany. They also later developed ties with the French and English royal houses. They played an important role in French and European history.

In France there were generally considered to have been two individual lines, the Princes of Soubise and the Princes of Guéméné. Both had many other titles. Four Archbishops of Strasbourg were members of the family. The Princes of Rochefort descended from the Guéméné  line.

## Architectural legacy

The great wealth of the family allowed them to build several palaces and townhouses. They built them in cities and countries in and around Europe. Well known examples of these are:

- The "_Hôtel de Soubise_": the Parisian townhouse of the Prince of Soubise. The building is now the property of the French government.
- The _Château des Rohan_ or  _Rohan-Schloss_ in Saverne, France. Built by the _Cardinal de Rohan_. Now a museum.
- Palais Rohan in Vienna, Austria (completed in 1864)
- The Palais Rohan in Strasbourg, Alsace (completed in 1742) built by another Archbishop of Strasbourg.
Sarona (colony)

**Sarona** was a German Templer colony in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is now a neighborhood of the city. It was one of the earliest modern villages established in Palestine.

Sarona was built in 1871. It was located northeast of Jaffa. Now, the land the former colony is in the center of Tel Aviv. Many people in the Templar communities became Nazi sympathisers before and after World War II. By 1948 authorities of the British Mandate had expelled them.

Today, the place has been renovated and renewed as a "shopping village, subtracting and entertainment."

## Other websites

- The new lifestyle hub at the heart of Tel Aviv
- The end of the Sarona saga
- Sarona  Market
Evolve (video game)

***Evolve*** is a first-person shooter video game. It was developed by Turtle Rock Studios and published by 2K Games. The game was released on February 10, 2015 for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.

On July 1, 2014, the game won the Best of E3 2014 "Best of Show" award, and it was also the winner of the "Best Console Game", "Best Action Game" and "Best Online Multiplayer" awards. On August 15, the game was awarded the most awards at the 2014 Gamescom Awards.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 9 out of 10. Vince Ingenito of _IGN_ said that the game was "Turtle Rock has created a smart, asymmetric, multiplayer monster-hunting game that plays unlike anything else. It's tactically deep, bursting with character, and it offers a level of nuance rarely found in multiplayer shooters."

GameSpot rated the game 8 out of 10. Kevin VanOrd of _GameSpot_ said of the AI: "[it] is strong enough to make playing offline matches rewarding on its own terms".

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Evolve
- **developer**: Turtle Rock Studios
- **publisher**: 2K Games
- **composer**: Jason Graves
- **engine**: CryEngine 3
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
- **released**: February 10, 2015
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer (Cooperative gameplay, co-op)
Nontron

**Nontron** () is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, southwestern France. It is the capital of the northernmost _arrondissement_ of the Dordogne department.

The _Nontronite_ is a mineral (a silicate mineral) rich in iron named after Nontron.

## Geography

Nontron has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The _commune_ is in the centre of the **Regional Natural Park Périgord Limousin** ().

Nontron is surrounded by the _communes_ Le Bourdeix, Augignac, Savignac-de-Nontron, Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Sceau-Saint-Angel, Saint-Martial-de-Valette and Saint-Martin-le-Pin.

## Population

The inhabitants of Nontron are known, in French, as _Nontronnais_ (women: _Nontronnaises_).

With a population of 3,151 (2014), Nontron has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Nontron**

Nontron forms, together with Saint-Martial-de-Valette, the urban area of Nontron with a population of 4,017 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Nontron, formed by 5 _communes_ with a population of 4,653 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

## Administration

Nontron is a subprefecture of the Dordogne and the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Nontron.

The _commune_ is the administrative centre () of the _Périgord Vert Nontronnais_ canton formed by 28 _communes_.

It is part of the intercommunality _Périgord Vert Nontronnais_ ().

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Nontron
- Communes of the Dordogne department

## Other websites

- Ville de Nontron - Official site
- Departamental Council of Dordogne
- Prefecture official website
- Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Nontron
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Nontron (Dordogne).svg
- **image**: Ville de Nontron.jpeg
- **caption**: View of Nontron
- **arrondissement**: Nontron
- **canton**: Périgord Vert Nontronnais
- **intercommunality**: Périgord Vert Nontronnais
- **mayor**: Pascal Bourdeau
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 230
- **elevation min m**: 152
- **elevation max m**: 308
- **area km2**: 24.67
- **population demonym**: Nontronnais
- **population**: 3151
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 24311
- **postal code**: 24300
- **website**: [http://www.nontron.fr/ www.nontron.fr]
Hardiness zone

A **hardiness zone** is an area where some plants can grow. The zones are categories based on the average coldest temperature in a given year. Plants in that category or one with a lower number can be grown in that area.
Lane

A **lane** is a part of a highway that can be used by one line of vehicles. Most roads have two or more lanes, with at least one lane for traffic going each way. In the United Kingdom, a narrow rural road is called a lane.

Some roads have a center lane to make it easier for cars and trucks to turn. There can also be turn lanes on the outer part of the road. If roads have more than one lane going in one direction, cars in the outer lanes usually go faster than cars in the inner lanes. Highways may also have express lanes that can only be used for certain types of vehicles, like those carrying two or more people. Lanes in most jurisdictions have rules for minimum and maximum lane widths. In the United States the Federal Highway Administration has recommended lane widths for US highways and interstates.
Traunsee

**Traunsee** is a lake in the Salzkammergut area in Austria. It is about  long. The lake is  wide and  deep. This depth makes it the deepest lake in Austria. It also is the second largest lake in Upper Austria.

At the north end of the lake is Gmunden, the capital of the Gmunden district . At the south end of the lake is Ebensee. The other two towns around the lake are Altmünster and Traunkirchen. At the east side of the lake is the mountain Traunstein. It is  high.

## History

The first settlements around the lake go back to the fifth century. The Romans later called the Lake _Lacus Felix_ (the happy lake). The first time the lake was mentioned in a document was in 909 AD. Then it was called _Trunseo_.

## Tourism

The Traunsee is a popular destination for tourists. It is possible to swim in the traunsee. The water quality is very good. The average water temperature in August reaches . Other water sports are also possible: Sailing, Surfing and Diving. http://traunsee.salzkammergut.at/

On a small island in Gmunden is the _Schloss Ort_. It is a small, medieval Castle built in 1080.

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Traunsee
- **image lake**: Aerial image of the Traunsee (view from the south).jpg
- **caption lake**: View from the air
- **inflow**: Traun, Langbathbach, Pfrillenbach, Alte Traun, Rindbach, Eisenbach, Lainaubach
- **outflow**: Traun
- **cities**: Gmunden, Altmünster, Traunkirchen, Ebensee
Gmunden (district)

The **Gmunden District** (German: _Bezirk Gmunden_) is a district of the state of Upper Austria in Austria. It is the largest district of Upper Austria with 1433 square kilometres (553 square miles). Gmunden has borders in the north with the districts of Vöcklabruck, Wels-Land and Kirchdorf an der Krems. In the south it has a border with the Styrian district Liezen. In the west it has borders with the following districts of the Salzburgerland: Sankt Johann im Pongau, Hallein and Salzburg-Umgebung.

The administrative center of Gmunden is in the town of Gmunden.

The district of Gmunden consists mostly of forests (54%). 17% of the area are used for agriculture. 3.8% of the area are bodies of water, like the Traunsee or the Hallstätter See.

## History

The district was formed in 1896 from the juridical districts of Bad Ischl and Gmunden.

## Places

Gmunden is divided into 20 towns.
- Altmünster
- Bad Goisern
- Bad Ischl
- Ebensee
- Gmunden
- Gosau
- Grünau im Almtal
- Gschwandt
- Hallstatt
- Kirchham
- Laakirchen
- Obertraun
- Ohlsdorf
- Pinsdorf
- Roitham
- Sankt Konrad
- Sankt Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
- Scharnstein
- Traunkirchen
- Vorchdorf
Ontario Highway 7

**Ontario Highway 7** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from west to east and is divided into two parts. The western part starts at Highway 4 north of London and ends near Georgetown. This part is 154.1 kilometers (95.8 miles) long. The eastern part starts at the Donald Cousens Parkway in Markham and ends at Highway 417 in Ottawa. This part is 381.6 kilometers (237.1 miles) long.
Ontario Highway 8

**Ontario Highway 8** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It  runs from west to east and is 138.5 kilometers (86.1 miles) long. The highway starts in Goderich at the junction with Highway 21. It shares the road with Highway 7 between the cities of Stratford, Kitchener and Waterloo. It ends near Hamilton, where it merges with Highway 5.
Ontario Highway 9

**Ontario Highway 9** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from west to east and is divided into two parts. The western part starts at Highway 21 in Kincardine and ends at the junction of Highway 23 and Highway 89 near Harriston. This part is 73 kilometers (45 miles) long.
Ontario Highway 12

**Ontario Highway 12** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It is 145.1 kilometers (90.2 miles) long and runs through several small towns. It starts east of the Greater Toronto Area in the community of Brooklin and continues north until it reaches Orilla. It then turns west until ending at Highway 93 near Midland.
Ontario Highway 24

**Ontario Highway 24** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from south to north. It starts at Highway 3 in Norfolk County and ends in Collingwood, near the southern part of Cambridge. There are many accidents on the part of the highway between Brantford and Collingwood, where Highway 403 connects with Highway 24. This area can become extremely busy at times. This problem has become so bad that the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario is trying to decide how to improve Highway 24 at this part.
Ontario Highway 28

**Ontario Highway 28** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It runs from southwest to northeast and is 162.6 kilometers (101 miles) long. It starts at an intersection with Highway 7 about 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) east of Peterborough. It ends at the town of Denbigh at a junction with Highway 41. The highway originally continued south of Peterborough and into Northumberland County but in 1997 and 1998, the southern 63 kilometers (39 miles) of the highway was transferred to local control.

## Infobox (road)

- **province**: ON
- **type**: Hwy
- **route**: 28
- **maint**: the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario
- **length km**: 162.6
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: near Peterborough, ON, Peterborough
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: at Denbigh, Ontario, Denbigh
- **previous type**: ON
- **previous route**: 26
- **next type**: ON
- **next route**: 33
Mitchell, Ontario

**Mitchell** is a community in Perth County, Ontario, Canada. It is 20 kilometers north of Stratford and 60 kilometers north of London. The Mitchell Hawks of the Southern Ontario Junior Hockey League is based in the town.

Mitchell was founded in 1836 by William Johnston and John Hicks. It was incorporated as a village in 1857 and became a town in 1874. In 1998, Mitchell amalgamated with the Townships of Logan, Fullarton, and Hibbert to form the Municipality of West Perth.
Orillia

**Orillia** is a city in Central Ontario, Canada. It is 135 kilometers (84 miles) north of Toronto. It is between two lakes, Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe. According to the Canada 2021 Census, 33,411 people lived in Orillia.

The Orillia City Council is in charge of governing the city and has eight councilors and a mayor. The Ontario Provincial Police has its headquarters in the city.

The Huron and the Iroquois lived in the area of Orillia for over 4,000 years. Nobody really knows how Orillia got its name. It might come from the Spanish word "orilla", which means the shore of a lake or river. Orillia was incorporated as a village in 1867. It became a city in 1967.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Orillia
- **official name**: City of Orillia
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Ontario, City (List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities, single-tier)
- **image skyline**: Orillia ON.JPG
- **image caption**: Waterfront of Orillia
- **image flag**: Flag of Orillia, Canada.svg
- **image blank emblem**: Logo of Orillia, Ontario.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **seal size**: 130px
- **nickname**: The Sunshine City
- **pushpin map**: Canada Southern Ontario#CAN ON Simcoe
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ontario
- **established title**: Incorporation
- **established date**: 1867 (Village)
- **established title1**: Incorporation
- **established date1**: 1875 (Town)
- **established title2**: Incorporation
- **established date2**: 1969 (City)
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Donald McIsaac
- **area land km2**: 28.53
- **elevation m**: 219.50
- **population total**: 33411
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 1171.1
- **postal code type**: Forward Sortation Area
- **postal code**: List of L postal codes of Canada, L3V
- **area code**: Area code 705, 705 / Area code 249, 249
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
West Perth, Ontario

**West Perth** is a municipality in Ontario, Canada, located in Perth County. It was started in 1998, when the town of Mitchell and the townships of Logan, Hibbert, and Fullarton amalgamated. West Perth has an area of 578.88 square kilometers (223.51 square miles). According to the Canada 2021 Census, it has a population of 9,038.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: West Perth
- **official name**: Municipality of West Perth
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Ontario, Municipality (List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities, lower-tier)
- **image skyline**: West Perth, Ontario (21839563605).jpg
- **flag size**: 120x100px
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **pushpin map**: CAN ON Perth#Canada Southern Ontario
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Perth County, Ontario, Perth
- **established title**: Settled
- **established title2**: Formed
- **established date2**: January 1, 1998
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Walter McKenzie
- **leader title1**: Federal riding
- **leader name1**: Perth—Wellington (federal electoral district), Perth Wellington
- **leader title2**: Prov. riding
- **leader name2**: Perth—Wellington (provincial electoral district), Perth—Wellington
- **area land km2**: 578.88
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 9038
- **population density km2**: 15.6
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Canada, Postal Code
- **postal code**: N0K
- **area code**: Area codes 519 and 226, 519 and 226
Middlesex County, Ontario

**Middlesex County** is a rural county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. According to the Canada 2021 Census, it had a population of 78,239. The county seat is in the city of London, even though London is politically independent of the county.

Middlesex County has eight incorporated municipalites: Adelaide Metcalfe, Lucan Biddulph, Middlesex Centre, Newbury, North Middlesex, Southwest Middlesex, Strathroy-Caradoc, and Thames Centre. There are also three reservations of the First Nations in the county: Chippewas of the Thames 42, Munsee-Delaware 1, and Onedia 41.
Stevie McCrorie

**Stevie McCrorie** (born 1985) is a Scottish singer, musician and firefighter. He is best known for winning the fourth series of _The Voice UK_ in April 2015.

McCrorie's first song was called "Lost Stars". It was released on 5 April 2015. He used to be a singer from 2010 until 2012 and again has had a new career since January 2015.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Stevie McCrorie
- **image**: Stevie_McCrorie_T_in_the_Park2015.jpg
- **caption**: McCrorie at T in the Park 2015
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Denny, Falkirk, Scotland
Central Ontario

**Central Ontario** is part of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is between Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario. Its area is . The population was 1,070,644 in 2011. It is mostly rural. The southern part is more densely populated than the northern part. Some of the largest cities include Peterborough, Barrie, and Belleville.

## Counties

There are five counties in Central Ontario:
- Dufferin County
- Haliburton County
- Hastings County
- Northumberland County
- Peterborough County
- Simcoe County
- Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality. Ten towns, villages and townships merged with the county. The county government provides all services.
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance

**Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance** or **CSMA/CA** is an access method (or protocol, or rule) used in Ethernet networks. In CSMA/CA, before a host sends information on the wire, it will "sense" to see if the wire is free of signals. If the wire is free, the host sends a piece of test data on the wire to see if it collides with other data. If the test data does not collide, the host goes on to send the real data on the wire.
Mario Pirani

**Mario Pirani Coen** (August 3, 1925 – April 18, 2015) was an Italian journalist, economist, and writer. He was born in Rome. After the experiences with _Patrol_, _Il Giorno_ and _Il Globo_, he participated, together with Eugenio Scalfari, to create _la Repubblica_, a newspaper that became one of the first in Italy. He was also editor of L'Europeo from 1979 to 1980, succeeding Giovanni Valentini. In 1995 he won the Premiolino.

Pirani died in Rome, Italy, aged 89.
Tom McCabe

**Thomas "Tom" McCabe** (28 April 1954 – 19 April 2015) was a Scottish Labour Party politician. He was Minister for Finance in the Scottish Executive, and was Member of the Scottish Parliament for Hamilton South until May 2011.

He became an MSP in the first elections to the Scottish Parliament in 1999, later holding the positions of Minister for Parliament (1999–2001), Minister for Health and Community Care (2003–2004), and Minister for Finance.

McCabe died in April 2015 after a short illness, aged 60.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Tom McCabe
- **image**: Tom McCabe.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **office**: Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth, Minister for Finance and Public Service Reform
- **term start**: 4 October 2004
- **term end**: 16 May 2007
- **firstminister**: Jack McConnell
- **predecessor**: Andy Kerr (Scottish politician), Andy Kerr
- **successor**: John Swinney
- **constituency mp2**: Hamilton South (Scottish Parliament constituency), Hamilton South
- **parliament2**: Scottish
- **majority2**: 3,652 (15.7%)
- **term start2**: 6 May 1999
- **term end2**: 5 May 2011
- **predecessor2**: _New constituency_
- **successor2**: _Constituency abolished_
- **birth place**: Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
- **death place**: Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
- **nationality**: Scottish
- **party**: Scottish Labour Party
- **partner**: Lorraine Davidson (separated)
State Archive of the Russian Federation

The **State Archive of the Russian Federation** (commonly known as **GARF**) is a major national archive of Russia. It was established in Moscow in 1992. It acquired collections of the Central State Archive of the October Revolution. It also houses the Central State Archive of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The archives contain collections covering the period from 1800 to 1993.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Page about GARF at the Dutch International Institute of Social History

## Infobox (government agency)

- **logo**: GARF 1.jpg
- **logo width**: 220px
- **logo caption**: State Archive of the Russian Federation
- **formed**: 1992
- **jurisdiction**: Government of Russia
- **chief1 position**: Director-General
Israel State Archives

**Israel State Archives** is the national archive of Israel. The archive is located in Jerusalem. The archive houses about 400 million documents, maps, stamps, audio tapes, video clips, photographs and special publications.

## Other websites

- Israel State Archives website
- The English-language blog of the Israel State Archives

## Infobox (government agency)

- **logo**: גנזךהמדינה.JPG
- **logo width**: 220px
- **logo caption**: Israel State Archives
- **formed**: 1955
- **jurisdiction**: Government of Israel
- **chief1 position**: Director-General
Debt bondage

**Bonded labour** or **debt bondage** (or **debt slavery**) is a term used to refer to a situation where someone (a debtor) has to work for the person who lent him money. Generally, the conditions of this form of forced labour are close to slavery. Bonded labour is one of the most common forms of modern-day slavery-like conditions. Usually, the person working gets paid very little money in return for very hard work. Very often, the exact amount to be re-paid is not defined clearly. The person doing the bonded labour will never be able to pay off the debt through work.

A regular work contract usually gives rights to the person being employed, and the amount of work. In a normal working contract, difficult, dangerous or exhausting work will usually get paid better. This is not the case with debt bondage.

Debt bondage is banned by the Convention of United Nation on slavery in 1956.

## Related pages

- Child labour
- Slavery
- Indentured servant
Brive

**Brive-la-Gaillarde**, commonly called **Brive**, is the subprefecture of the Corrèze departement. Until 1919, the name of the city was Brive; since then it has been known as Brive-la-Gaillarde. About 50.000 people live in the city, and close to 100.000 in its urban area. The city goes back to antiquity; its name simply means bridge. In this case, the Corrèze was easy to cross at this place. Gundoald was elected king of Aquitaine in Brive, in the year 584.
Hotline

Commonly, a **hotline** is a telephone service, which offers specialized information. This information can be about how to deal with certain situations, but it can also be about the products of a company. The term originally came from a telephone which would automatically dial a pre-set number, once the receiver is lifted. Such telephones can still be found alongside highways, where they serve to call for help. Today, very often, hotlines are operated by call-centers.
Erwin Waldner

**Erwin Waldner** (24 January 1933 – 18 April 2015) was a German footballer. He played for five teams between 1952 and 1967, including VfB Stuttgart.

Walder was born in Nürtingen, Baden-Württemberg. He died there on 18 April 2015, aged 82.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Erwin Waldner
- **fullname**: Erwin Waldner
- **image**: Erwin Waldner 1959 430x200.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: Nürtingen, Weimar Republic, Germany
- **death place**: Nürtingen, Germany
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1943–1952
- **youthclubs1**: TB Neckarhausen
- **years1**: 1952–1960
- **caps1**: 214
- **goals1**: 85
- **clubs1**: VfB Stuttgart
- **years2**: 1960–1961
- **caps2**: 26
- **goals2**: 27
- **clubs2**: FC Zürich
- **years3**: 1961–1963
- **caps3**: 18
- **goals3**: 2
- **clubs3**: Real SPAL
- **years4**: 1963–1967
- **caps4**: 63
- **goals4**: 12
- **clubs4**: VfB Stuttgart
- **years5**: 1967–
- **clubs5**: FV 07 Ebingen
- **nationalyears1**: 1954–1958
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national football team, West Germany
- **nationalcaps1**: 13
- **nationalgoals1**: 2