juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eichstätt

**Eichstätt** () is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district of Eichstätt. It is on the Altmühl river and has a population of around 13,000. Eichstätt is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichstätt.

### Location

Eichstätt is on both sides of the river Altmühl in the district of Eichstätt of the Oberbayern region of Bavaria, in the heart of Altmühl Valley Nature Park.

### Geology

Eichstätt is in a valley of the Franconian Jura and is famous for the quarries of Solnhofen Plattenkalk (Jurassic limestone). On the Blumenberg the Berlin specimen of Archaeopteryx was found by Jakob Niemeyer.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Eichstätt COA.svg
- **image photo**: Eichst..jpg
- **image caption**: Eichstätt
- **image plan**: Eichstätt in EI.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Eichstätt
- **elevation**: 393
- **area**: 47.78
- **postal code**: 85071, 85072, 85067
- **area code**: 08421
- **licence**: EI
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 76 123
- **mayor**: Josef Grienberger
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: CSU
Lar gibbon

The **lar gibbon** (_Hylobates lar_) is also known as the **white-handed gibbon**. It is a primate in the Hylobatidae or gibbon family. It is one of the better-known gibbons. It is often seen in zoos.

The fur coloring of the lar gibbon is not fixed. It can range from black and dark-brown to light brown sandy colors.

Lar gibbons are diurnal (they are active during the day).  They are arboreal, living in rainforests. Family groups live in a firm territory. They protect it from other gibbons by their calls.

In the wild, lar gibbons live about 25 years.

## Other websites

- Lar Gibbon photos
- Lar Gibbon songs
- Gibbon Conservation Center
- Lar Gibbon at _Animal Diversity Web_
- Thomas Geissmann's Gibbon Research Lab and Gibbon Network
Lion-tailed macaque

The **lion-tailed macaque** (_Macaca silenus_) is an Old World monkey.
It lives in the Western Ghats mountains of India.

The hair of the Lion-tailed macaque is dark-brown or black.
There is a black tuft at the end of the tail, similar to a lion's tail.
With a head-to-tail length of 45 to 60 cm and a weight of 3 to 10 kg, it is one of the smaller macaques.

It is a diurnal animal, active during the day.
It lives in the rainforest dweller.
It is a good climber and spends most of its life in the upper branches.
Unlike other macaques, it avoids humans.

The lion-tailed macaque is one of the rarest primates.
Many zoos take part in breeding programs to help this species survive.
368 of these Macaque are reported to live in zoos.

## Other websites

- The Knights of the Forest - Photo-essay of Lion-tailed macaque
Sadie Frost

**Sadie Frost** (born 19 June 1965) is an English actress. She runs fashionlabel Frost French.

Frost starred in a Jelly Tots advertisement at the age of 3. She won a scholarship to the Italia Conti Academy.
But after an early eating disorder, she gave up acting at 13. She attended Hampstead School.

As an actress, Frost has acted in: _Press Gang_ and _Casualty_. Frost and her first husband Gary Kemp starred together in the 1990s film _The Krays_. Frost and Kemp were married for 5 years. They divorced on 19 August 1995.

In 2004, she wrote and presented a short lived series _What Sadie did next..._ for E4. In 2005, she appeared in _Eating with...Sadie Frost_ on BBC2. In March 2006, Frost flew to South Africa to part-fund an orphanage for the Homes of Hope project.

She met Jude Law when they were both working on the film _Shopping_. They married on 2 September 1997 and had three children.
Frost and Law divorced on 29 October 2003.

## Other websites

- Sadie Frost Charity Information
- http://www.streamlighte14.co.uk/index.php/streamlight/penthouses/

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Sadie Frost 2015.png
- **caption**: Frost in 2015
- **name**: Sadie Frost
- **birth name**: Sadie Liza Vaughan
- **birth place**: Islington, London, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **occupation**: Actress, film producer
- **years active**: 1979–present
- **spouse**: Gary Kemp
(m. 1988–1995, divorced)
Jude Law
(m. 1997–2003, divorced)
- **children**: 3 sons, 1 daughter
- **parents**: David Vaughan (artist), David Vaughan (dead)
Mary Davidson
Leif Erikson Day

**Leif Erikson Day** is a holiday that happens on October 9. It honors Leif Ericson, the Norse explorer who brought the first Europeans known to be in North America.

## History

_America Not Discovered by Columbus_ by Rasmus B. Anderson was published in 1874. This book helped make popular the idea that Vikings were the first Europeans in the New World. In 1925, American President Calvin Coolidge recognised Leif Erikson as the Discoverer of America. This was due to research by Norwegian-American scholars such as Knut Gjerset and Ludvig Hektoen.

In 1930, Wisconsin became the first state to officially adopt Leif Erikson Day as a state holiday. A year later, the state of Minnesota did the same. By 1956, Leif Erikson Day was an official holiday seven states (Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, and California) and one Canadian province (Saskatchewan).

In 1963, the U.S. Representative from Duluth, John Blatnik, introduced a bill to observe Leif Erikson Day in the rest of the United States. In 1964, the United States Congress authorized and requested the President to create the observance through a yearly proclamation. Lyndon B. Johnson and each President since have done so. Presidents have used the proclamation to praise the spirit of discovery and the contributions of Americans of Nordic descent generally. Some states officially commemorate Leif Erikson Day, particularly in the Upper Midwest, where large numbers of people from the Nordic countries settled.

## Date

October 9th is not related with any event in Leif Erikson's life. The date was chosen because the ship _Restauration_ coming from Stavanger, Norway, arrived in New York Harbor on October 9, 1825. This was the start of the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States.

## Other websites

- Leif Erikson Day - October 9th
- Leif Ericson Viking Ship, Inc.
- Brief History of Leif Erikson's Life & Voyages

Sample proclamations:

- 1998
- 2005
- 2007
- 2009

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: Leif Erikson Day
- **observedby**: United States, Canada, Iceland
- **date**: October 9
- **type**: Cultural
- **significance**: Recognize contributions of Americans of Nordic descent
Ian McDiarmid

**Ian McDiarmid** (; born 11 August 1944) is a Scottish actor and director. He has also made some appearances on movie and television.

Worldwide, he is most famous for his role as Darth Sidious in the Star Wars live action movie series. He was in both the original and prequel trilogies. McDiarmid has been in 47 movies since 1976.

McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie in Tayside. McDiarmid went to the University of St Andrews, to study psychology. Soon after, he decided he wanted a career in the theatre instead, and took acting training courses at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow. In 1968, McDiarmid got a gold medal for his acting work.

McDiarmid was cast by George Lucas in _Return of the Jedi_ as Darth Sidious, the main villain. Sixteen years later, he came back to the role as a younger Senator and Chancellor in the _Star Wars_ prequel movies. He said that it helped to be much younger than his character the first time he played the part. The prequels had him play two faces to his character: He created an pleasant and likeable character in Darth Sidious' public face as Palpatine.

## Other websites

- Ian McDiarmid at Broadway.com
- Star Wars Actors Database at Nerf-Herders-Anonymous.net
- Bio from the official Star Wars site
- Bio from Hollywood.com
- B.Charles in Our Hidden Lives film-page

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ian McDiarmid
- **image**: IanMcDiarmid.jpg
- **caption**: McDiarmid in 2013.
- **birth place**: Carnoustie, Tayside, Scotland
- **occupation**: actor, theatre director
- **yearsactive**: 1972–present
Richard Briers

**Richard David Briers**, CBE (14 January 1934 - 17 February 2013) was an English actor whose career has contained theatre, television, film and radio. Briers was born in Raynes Park, Surrey, England.

In 1961, Briers got the lead male role in _Marriage Lines_ in the 1960s. It was in the next decade when he played Tom Good in the BBC sitcom _The Good Life_ that he made a household name. In the 1980s he starred in _Ever Decreasing Circles_. He from 2000 to 2002 came back to the spotlight with a leading role in _Monarch of the Glen_. Briers was the first narrator and voice actor for the show Enid Blyton's _Noddy_.

Richard Briers was made OBE in 1989, and CBE in 2003.

Briers was a heavy smoker until he quit in 2003. He was diagnosed with emphysema in 2008.

## Other websites

- Richard Briers  at the BBC Comedy Guide
- Richard Briers at BFI ScreenOnline

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Briers
- **image**: Richard Briers Memorabilia March2009.JPG
- **caption**: Briers at a Memorabilia (event), Memorabilia event, March 2009
- **birth place**: Raynes Park, Surrey, England
- **death date**: 17 February 2013 (aged 79)
- **death place**: London, England
- **death cause**: Emphysema
Simon Callow

**Simon Phillip Hugh Callow** CBE (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor and author.

Callow was born in Streatham, London, to Yvonne Mary Guise and Neil Francis Callow.
He attended the London Oratory School.

Callow is one of the most prominent gay actors in Britain.
For a while Callow lived with director Daniel Kramer.

## Other websites

- Simon Callow's - _MusicalTalk_ discussing his role as Captain Hook in Peter Pan at the Richmond Theatre, Christmas 2008.
- Simon Callow  - _Downstage Center_ interview at American Theatre Wing.org, September 2006
- Simon Callow on BBC1's _This Week_
- theartsdesk Q&A: Simon Callow (2 October 2010)

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Simon_Callow.jpg
- **caption**: Callow in 2009
- **birth name**: Simon Phillip Hugh Callow
- **birth place**: Streatham, London, England
- **occupation**: Actor, author
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **years active**: 1973–present
Elgin, Moray

**Elgin** (; ) is a old cathedral city and Royal Burgh in Moray, Scotland.
The town was first to the south of the River Lossie on the higher ground above the flood plain.
Elgin is first documented in the Cartulary of Moray in 1190.

In August 1040, Macbeth's army beat Duncan I at Bothganowan (Pitgaveny), near Elgin.
David I made Elgin a royal burgh around 1130, after his defeat of Óengus of Moray.
During David's reign, the castle was built at the top of what is now Lady Hill.
Edward I of England travelled twice to Elgin. During his first visit in 1296 he was impressed by what he saw.
In the 19th century the old medieval town of Elgin was swept away, and many new buildings were added to the town centre.

## Other websites

- Census data
- Elgin Museum - Four Star Local Museum
- Elgin City FC - Official website of Elgin City FC
- Council - Moray Council
- Leisure Centre - Moray Leisure Centre
- http://www.elginyouthcafe.org/ - Official website for the Elgin Youth Cafe

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Elgin
- **gaelic name**: <small>Eilginn</small>
- **os grid reference**: NJ220626
- **map type**: Scotland
- **population**: 25678
- **population ref**: (Census 2001)
- **unitary scotland**: Moray
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Moray
- **post town**: ELGIN
- **postcode district**: IV30
- **postcode area**: IV
- **dial code**: 01343
- **constituency westminster**: Moray (UK Parliament constituency), Moray
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Moray (Scottish Parliament constituency), Moray
- **constituency scottish parliament1**: Highlands and Islands (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Highlands and Islands
Paoli/Thorndale Line

The **Paoli/Thorndale Line** is SEPTA Regional Rail line that runs from Philadelphia to Thorndale in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

## Infobox (rdt)

- PaoliThorndale-infobox


## Infobox (rail line)

- **box width**: 290px
- **name**: Paoli/Thorndale Line
- **image**: Paoli_Thorndale.PA_SEPTA_Line.jpg
- **image width**: 300px
- **caption**: A westbound Paoli/Thorndale Line train departing from the Bryn Mawr station.
- **type**: Commuter rail
- **system**: SEPTA Regional Rail
- **status**: Operating
- **start**: Temple University (SEPTA station), Temple University
- **end**: Thorndale (SEPTA station), Thorndale
- **stations**: 26
- **daily ridership**: 24,018
- **operator**: SEPTA Regional Rail
- **stock**: Electric Multiple Units
- **electrification**: Overhead lines, Catenary
- **website**: [http://www.septa.org/ septa.org]
- **map state**: collapsed
Devin Setoguchi

**Devin Setoguchi** (born January 1, 1987) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He last played for the Minnesota Wild. Setoguchi also played 4 seasons in the WHL; 3 for the Saskatoon Blades and 1 for the Prince George Cougars. Setoguchi is of Canadian-Japanese origins. He was drafted by the San Jose Sharks with the 8th overall pick in the 2005 NHL entry draft. Setoguchi went on to play 4 seasons with the Sharks before being traded along with Charlie Coyle and a first round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft to the Minnesota Wild for Brent Burns and second round pick in the 2012 NHL entry draft.

### Regular season and playoffs

|colspan="3"  bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002–03|Crowsnest Pass Timberwolves|AJHL|62|21|18|39|77|—|—|—|—|—|
|2003–04|Saskatoon Blades|WHL|66|13|18|31|53|—|—|—|—|—|
|2004–05|Saskatoon Blades|WHL|69|33|31|64|34|4|0|1|1|0|
|2005–06|Saskatoon Blades|WHL|65|36|47|83|69|10|8|4|12|8|
|2006–07|Prince George Cougars|WHL|55|36|29|65|55|15|11|10|21|24|
|2007–08|San Jose Sharks|NHL|44|11|6|17|8|9|1|1|2|2|
|2007–08|Worcester Sharks|AHL|23|8|11|19|25|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008–09|San Jose Sharks|NHL|81|31|34|65|25|6|1|2|3|2|
|2009–10|San Jose Sharks|NHL|70|20|16|36|19|15|5|4|9|6|
|2010–11|San Jose Sharks|NHL|72|22|19|41|37|18|7|3|10|12|
|2011–12|Minnesota Wild|NHL|69|19|17|36|28|—|—|—|—|—|
|2012–13|Ontario Reign|ECHL|10|4|9|13|2|—|—|—|—|—|
|2012–13|Minnesota Wild|NHL|48|13|14|27|20|5|1|0|1|0|
|2013–14|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|75|11|16|27|22|—|—|—|—|—|
|2014–15|Calgary Flames|NHL|12|0|0|0|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|2014–15|Adirondack Flames|AHL|19|3|7|10|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|2015–16|HC Davos|NLA|30|11|13|24|4|7|5|3|8|10|
|2016–17|Los Angeles Kings|NHL|45|4|8|12|14|—|—|—|—|—|
|2016–17|Ontario Reign|AHL|9|0|3|3|10|—|—|—|—|—|
|2017–18|Adler Mannheim|DEL|47|11|13|24|26|5|2|0|2|2|

### International

|Year|Team|Event|Result|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||GP|G|A|Pts|PIM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|Canada Pacific|U17||6|4|5|9|20|||
|2005|Canada|WJC18||6|4|2|6|7|||

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **caption**: Setoguchi with the San Jose Sharks in 2008
- **name**: Devin Setoguchi
- **image**: Setoguchi08.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **birth place**: Taber, Alberta, Taber, Alberta, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 205
- **position**: winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: San Jose Sharks
Minnesota Wild
Winnipeg Jets
Calgary Flames
HC Davos
Los Angeles Kings
Adler Mannheim
- **draft**: 8th overall
- **draft year**: 2005
- **draft team**: San Jose Sharks
- **career start**: 2007
- **career end**: 2018
Nickelodeon on CBS

***Nick on CBS*** was a Saturday morning children's programming block for CBS that began on September 16, 2000, replacing CBS Kidshow. This Saturday morning block presented programming from Nick Jr., which at a time shared common ownership with CBS under Viacom. When the block first properly aired, it was hosted by **Face from Nick Jr.**
On September 14, 2002, _Nick Jr. on CBS_ was re-branded as ***Nick on CBS***, and airing both Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. shows. The Nickelodeon shows were removed in 2005 in favor for a return to an exclusively-Nick Jr. block. The block's continuity was provided by segments featuring Piper O'Possum.

At the beginning of New Year's Eve 2005, Viacom split into two different companies, with CBS Corporation becoming its own standalone company and Nickelodeon going to new Viacom. _Nick Jr. on CBS_ ended on September 9, 2006 and was replaced by _KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS_ on September 16, 2006, as part of a multi-year partnership between CBS and Cookie Jar Entertainment.

All programming during the block, as is standard for Saturday morning network programming, was labelled as meeting E/I requirements, as tennous as some of the claims of educational content may have been. This is part of the reason why some of Nickelodeon's most popular programs (most notably _SpongeBob SquarePants_ and _The Fairly OddParents_) any did not putting offer with _Nick on CBS_ era.

##### Animated ("Nicktoons")

|Title|Premiere date|End date|Source(s)||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Hey Arnold!_|rowspan=3|September 14, 2002|September 11, 2004||
||March 6, 2004||||
|_As Told by Ginger_|January 25, 2003||||
|_Rugrats_|rowspan=2|February 1, 2003|July 26, 2003||
|_ChalkZone_|rowspan=2|September 11, 2004|||
|_All Grown Up!_|March 13, 2004||||

##### Live-action

|Title|Premiere date|End date|Source(s)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||March 13, 2004|September 11, 2004||

##### Preschool

|Title|Premiere date|End date|Source(s)|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Blue's Clues_|rowspan=3|September 16, 2000|rowspan=3|September 9, 2006||
|_Dora the Explorer_||||||
|_Little Bill_||||||
|_Oswald_|September 22, 2001|September 7, 2002||||
||October 16, 2004|rowspan=2|September 9, 2006|||
|_Go, Diego, Go!_|September 17, 2005|||||

##### Animated

|Title|Premiere date|End date|Source(s)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Pelswick_|September 14, 2002|November 23, 2002||

##### Preschool

|Title|Premiere date|End date|Source(s)||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Franklin_|rowspan="3"|September 16, 2000|September 7, 2002||
|_Kipper_|rowspan="2"|September 15, 2001|||
|_Little Bear_|||||
|_Bob the Builder_|September 22, 2001|September 7, 2002|||
|_LazyTown_|rowspan=2|September 18, 2004|September 9, 2006||
|_Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends_|September 10, 2005||||

## Block slogans

- Nick Jr. is Just for Me! (2000-2002)
- Nick on CBS, Cool! (2002-2004)
- Solo! (2004-2005)
- Nick Jr. Play to Learn (2005-2006)
- Nick Jr, Playtime (2009)
Jackie Cooper

**Jackie Cooper** (September 15, 1922 – May 3, 2011) was an American actor, television director and producer. He started working as a child actor. He died in a Beverly Hills Hospital after a sudden illness.

He was born in Los Angeles in 1922 as **John Cooper, Jr.** As a child, he appeared in the _Our Gang_ television series as "Skippy". In 1931, at the age of nine, he was nominated for a "Best Actor" Academy Award. He became the youngest actor ever nominated for Best Actor. He was best known later in life as the Daily Planet editor Perry White in the Superman movies of the 1970s and 80s.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jackie Cooper
- **image**: Jackie Cooper (1989).jpg
- **caption**: Jackie Cooper in 1989
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California
- **birth name**: John Cooper, Jr.
- **spouse**: June Horne (1944-1949)
Hildy Parks (1950-1951)
Barbara Kraus (1954-2009)
- **children**: Julie
Cristina
John
Russell
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1929–1990
Black and Tans

The **Black and Tans** was a group of soldiers who suppressed the revolution in Ireland from 1920 to 1921. It was mainly made of British veterans from World War I. They were called the Black and Tans because of the light khaki trousers and black/dark green tunics that they wore. Its main purpose was to target the Irish Republican Army. However, it also did many attacks on the Irish civilian population.
Cape Helles

**Cape Helles** is a rocky area at the south-westernmost end of the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey. It was the scene of fighting between Turkish and British troops during the Gallipoli Campaign, 1915. It is now the site a memorial for this campaign.
Katerina Kazelis

**Katerina Kazelis** (4 March 1977 in Malmö, Sweden) is a Swedish singer and Big Brother 2011 housemate of Serbian and Greek origin. Before entering the Big Brother house on February 20, 2011 she was a school teacher. Kazelis has been nominated each week except for two when she won immunity after winning a Big Brother task, however, she also survived each elimination round since week one in the house. On May 8, Kazelis was evicted from the Big Brother house.

Kazelis has become the most talked about housemate of the 2011 season of the show after several outburst and also her outspoken ways about her fellow housemates.

On June 6, Kazelis released her first music single called "Make You One of Mine", during Nyhetsmorgon on TV4 the same day Kazelis revealed that a music video had been made and that she will release her debut music album later in 2011.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Katerina Kazelis
- **birth place**: Malmö, Sweden
- **occupation**: Singer, Reality television, Reality TV star
- **known for**: Big Brother 2011 (Sweden), Big Brother
Parabola

A **parabola** is a type of curve. Menaechmus (380–320 BC) discovered the parabola, and Apollonius of Perga (262 BC–c190 BC) first named it.

A parabola is a conic section. If a cone is cut by a plane which is parallel to one of the surfaces of the cone, the result is a parabola.

The point where the parabola reaches its maximum or minimum is called the "vertex." At this point the curvature of the parabola is greatest. This means the curve of the parabola is the tightest. The vertical line which passes through a parabola's vertex is called the "axis of symmetry". This is because the parabola looks the same on either side of that line.

Each parabola has a focal point. Any ray that enters the parabola and is parallel to the axis of symmetry will pass through this point after being reflected by the curve. Because of this fact, parabolas are important in devices such as satellite dishes, or magnifying mirrors. Parabolas are often used to approximate curves that are more difficult to model by themselves.

Every parabola uses the equation , where ,  and  are constants, and  is not equal to .
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

The **Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation** (abbreviated to **GHMC**) is an urban planning agency that oversees Hyderabad, India. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation is also the local government for the City of Hyderabad.
Christian Schwegler

**Christian Schwegler** (born 6 June 1984 in Ettiswil) is a Swiss footballer. He plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender.

He started with FC Luzern in the Swiss Challenge League (2nd division) and went on to Arminia Bielefeld in Germany but after one half of the season he went back to Switzerland. There he played for BSC Young Boys Bern. In 2009 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg where he played regularly as right defender. He is known for his long throw-ins (up to 35 meters).During the match versus SV Mattersburg on 27th March 2010 he shot his first goal for Salzburg. In the first half of the 2010/11 season he was injured and could not play the rest of the year.

Christian Schwegler has a younger brother who is also a professional footballer playing for Eintracht Frankfurt in the German Bundesliga.

## Honours

- **Austrian Champion**
    - 1x with FC Red Bull Salzburg (2010)

## Other websites

- Red Bull Salzburg profile
- football.ch profile
- Guardian Football Stats

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Christian Schwegler
- **image**: Christian Schwegler.JPG
- **image size**: 200px
- **fullname**: Christian Schwegler
- **birth place**: Ettiswil, Switzerland
- **currentclub**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **clubnumber**: 6
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **years1**: 2003-2005
- **years2**: 2005
- **years3**: 2006-2009
- **years4**: 2009-
- **clubs1**: FC Lucerne
- **clubs2**: Arminia Bielefeld
- **clubs3**: BSC Young Boys
- **clubs4**: FC Red Bull Salzburg
- **caps1**: 95
- **caps2**: 7
- **caps3**: 105
- **caps4**: 58
- **goals1**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 1
- **goals4**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 2003-2006
- **nationalteam1**: Switzerland national under-21 football team, Switzerland U-21
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Chien-Ming Wang

**Chien-Ming Wang** (born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese Major League Baseball player. He played for the Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, and New York Yankees as a pitcher.  Before he played for the Nationals, Wang played for the Yankees. He got 19 wins in the year of 2006 and 2007 and became the first Asian to be the win champion.

However, after his injury in 2008, he started to pitch horribly as he attained an era of 9.64 along with 1 win and 6 losses in the 2009 season. He then got injured again and the New York Yankees did not renew his contract after. He became a free agent.

In 2010, the Washington Nationals signed Wang and helped him recover from his injuries. He did not attend any games in this season.

Wang pitched his first game on July 29, 2011 and ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA.

On March 15, 2012, Wang was once again injured. When he recovered, his starting position has been replaced by Ross Detwiler and he pitched as a relief pitcher and sometimes a starter pitcher. But he still did not do well this season.
Fiat Seicento

The **Fiat Seicento** is a car produced by Fiat. It replaced the Fiat Cinquecento in 1998 and like its predecessor is produced in Poland. Sales of it in the UK ran until early 2004 when it was replaced with the second-generation Panda. It was replaced by the new Fiat 500 in 2007, but production of the Seicento continues until 2010.

### 899 cc petrol engine, 29 kW (40 hp)

- S
- SX
- Young
- Citymatic

### 1108 cc petrol engine, 40 kW (54 hp)

- Sole
- Sound
- Suite
- Hobby
- Brush
- Sporting

### Electrical engine, 30 kW (41 hp)

- Elettra
Business alliance

A **business alliance** is an agreement between businesses, most of the time to help lower cost and improve service for the customer. Alliances are often connected by an agreement with shared risk and opportunity for all business involved. They are usually managed by a project team. An example of this is _code sharing_ in airline alliances.

There are five basic types of alliances:

- Sales alliance
- Solution-specific alliance
- Geographic-specific alliance
- Investment alliance
- Joint venture alliance

## Related pages

- Business group
- Strategic alliance
- Competition regulator
Peace Sells

"**Peace Sells**" is a song by the American thrash metal band Megadeth. It is from the 1986 album _Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?_. It was written by Dave Mustaine. Along with "Wake Up Dead" from the same album, it has been a staple at Megadeth concerts. Lyrically, it deals with negative stereotypes about "metalheads", all of which Mustaine claims are untrue. VH1 has ranked "Peace Sells" at #11 on their list of the 40 greatest metal songs of all time.

## Music video

A music video was produced for the song, which features a teenage boy, wearing a Slayer t-shirt, watching a montage of a live Megadeth performance and war footage on his living room television set. The boy's father, states "What is this garbage you're watching? I want to watch the news!," and changes the television channel to a news station using the remote control. His son, replying with "This _is_ the news!," changes it back to the Megadeth performance using the TV set's channel knob. This part of the video was parodied by comedian Brian Posehn in his _Metal by Numbers_ video. The beginning of the video also showed the explosion of the original low-cost skull used on the previous album Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!

## Appearances and covers

- Opening bassline was used as the theme for MTV News. Mustaine claims he never received any royalties for MTV's usage of the song.
- It is featured in 2002 video game _Grand Theft Auto: Vice City_.
- It is featured in video game _True Crime: Streets of LA_.
- It is featured in video game _NHL 10_.
- It is playable track in 2008 music video game _Rock Band 2_.
- It is downloadable content for 2009 music video game _Guitar Hero 5_.
- Tigertailz covered the song and it can be found on their 1991 B-sides compilation album _Banzai!_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Peace Sells
- **artist**: Megadeth
- **album**: Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?
- **released**: November 1986
- **recorded**: 1986
- **length**: 4:02
- **label**: Combat Records, Combat
- **writer**: Dave Mustaine
- **producer**: Dave Mustaine and Randy Burns
- **prev title**: Wake Up Dead
- **prev year**: 1986
- **next title**: Anarchy in the U.K.
- **next year**: 1988
A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery

***A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery*** is an 18th-century oil painting by Joseph Wright of Derby. Its full title is ***A Philosopher giving that Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun***. The painting shows a teacher talking about the sun and planets to his class. Wright later created his similar _An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump_ (National Gallery, London) in 1768.

Wright's _The Orrery_, caused a great debate, because in the past, only religious events were used to express awe. Wright used science to do so. In an age of much new technology, he treated religious events and scientific miracles.  In the orrery demonstration, the shadows created by the lamp mimic the sun, and it is a part of the display of heliocentrism. He used a single candle to make his painting dramatic. In two later paintings, the lighting is normal.

One person called Wright "a very great and uncommon genius in a peculiar way". _The Orrery_ was painted without payment. Wright expected that Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, an amateur astronomer, will buy the painting, because Shirley had his own orrery, and Wright's friend Peter Perez Burdett was staying with him. Figures are considered to be portraits of Burdett and Ferrers. In the picture, Burdett is taking notes and Ferrers is seated with his son next to the orrery. Ferrers purchased the painting for £210, but the 6th Earl sold it at an auction. It is now held by Derby Museum and Art Gallery as its permanent display.

Some people say that John Whitehurst was the model for the teacher. However, other people say the figure is similar to "a painting of Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller".

## Related pages

- Joseph Wright of Derby
- Derby Museum and Art Gallery

## References

- Egerton, Judy (1998), National Gallery Catalogues (new series): _The British School_. catalogue entry pp. 332–343,
- Guilding, Ruth, and others, _William Weddell and the transformation of Newby Hall_, Jeremy Mills Publishing for Leeds Museums and Galleries, 2004, , 9780901981691, Google books
- Waterhouse, Ellis, (4th Edn, 1978) _Painting in Britain, 1530–1790_. Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art series),

## Infobox (artwork)

- **image file**: Wright of Derby, The Orrery.jpg
- **title**: A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery
- **artist**: Joseph Wright of Derby
- **year**: ca. 1766
- **medium**: Oil on canvas
- **height metric**: 147
- **width metric**: 203
- **height imperial**: 58
- **width imperial**: 80
- **metric unit**: cm
- **imperial unit**: in
- **museum**: Derby Museum and Art Gallery
- **city**: Derby, England
Frankfurt Parliament

The **Frankfurt Parliament** (, literally _Frankfurt National Assembly_) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany. Session was held from May 18, 1848 to May 31, 1849 in the Paulskirche, Frankfurt|Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. It was elected during the "March Revolution" in the states of the German Confederation.

The assembly produced the so-called Paulskirche Constitution () which proclaimed a German Empire based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. This constitution fulfilled the main demands of the liberal and nationalist movements of the Vormärz and provided a foundation of human rights. The parliament also proposed a constitutional monarchy headed by a hereditary emperor (_Kaiser_). The Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV did not accept the office of emperor when it was offered to him. He argued such an offer was an offence against the rights of the princes of the individual German states. In the 20th century, however, major elements of the Frankfurt constitution became models for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949.

## References

- William Carr: _A History of Germany, 1815-1945_. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1969.
- Frank Eyck: _Frankfurt Parliament_, 1969
- Rosemary O’Kane: _Paths to Democracy: Revolution and Totalitarianism_. New York: Routeledge. 2004. pgs 96-98.
- Brian E. Vick: _Defining Germany: The 1848 Frankfurt Parliamentarians and National Identity_ (Harvard University Press, 2002).  –

## Other websites

- Text of the Paulskirche Constitution on Documentarchiv.de
Honeydew (melon)

**Honeydew**, also known as **honey melon** or **green melon**, is a type of melon in the cultivar group muskmelon. _Cucumis melo_ Inodorus group, which includes **crenshaw**, **casaba**, **Persian**, **winter**, and other mixed melons.

## Infobox (cultivar)

- **name**: Honeydew
- **image**: Honeydew.jpg
- **species**: _Melon, Cucumis melo_
- **group**: Inodorus Group
- **origin**: France
Angkor Wat

**Angkor Wat** () is a temple in Siem Reap, Cambodia. It was built in the early 12th century by the Hindu king Suryavarman II as his state temple and capital city, built for the god Vishnu. Later, it became a Buddhist site. It is the largest religious building in the world. Angkor started to break down in the 14th century.

## Other websites

- Angkor Wat - APSARA Authority Official Description
Paranthropus robustus

***Paranthropus robustus*** (abbreviated ***P. robustus***) is an extinct species of early hominin. It is one of the robust australopithecines.

_P. robustus_ lived from about 1.8 to 1.2 million years ago. It co-existed with early species of _Homo._

## Fossils

All of the known fossils of _P. robustus_ have come from the Cradle of Humankind in South Africa. The first were discovered in 1938. After this discovery, anthropologist Robert Broom created the genus _Paranthropus_ and placed this species into it.

### Size

_P. robustus_ walked on two feet. They were smaller than modern humans. On average, males may have been just 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) tall and weighed around 54 kg (119 pounds). Females may have been under 1 meter (3.3 feet) tall and weighed only 40 kg (88 pounds). This difference in sizes between males and females is called sexual dimorphism.

The species' average brain size was 530 cc. This is about the same size as a modern chimpanzee's brain.

### Tools

_P. robustus_ probably had the physical ability to make tools. However, scientists have not found any stone tools near _P. robustus_ fossils. Still, studies suggest that they used bones as tools to dig in termite mounds for food.

## Diet

_P. robustus_ had very heavy jaws and large teeth with thick enamel. They also had large cheekbones and chewing muscles. These adaptations made it possible for _P. robustus_ to eat hard, fibrous foods like roots, tubers, nuts, and seeds. The species probably had a generalist diet and may have also eaten soft fruits, young leaves, insects, and/or meat. It would have gathered these things from its habitat of open woodland and savanna.

Recent fossil discoveries suggest that _P. robustus_ may have evolved these more powerful chewing muscles to adapt to climate change. Very tough or hard foods would have still been plentiful even as the climate became cooler and drier. Being able to eat these foods improved _P. robustus's_ chances of survival.

## Evolution

_P. robustus_ may have evolved from _Australopithecus africanus_.

_P. robustus_ is an "evolutionary dead end": it went extinct without ever evolving into a different species.

## Related pages

- Human evolution
- Australopithecines
- Paleoanthropology
Australopithecus garhi

***Australopithecus garhi*** is an extinct gracile australopithecine species discovered in Ethiopia. It is believed to be a human ancestor species, and perhaps the ancestor of the human genus _Homo_.

The fossils were found in 1996 in the Bouri Formation. This is in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia's Afar Depression.

## Earliest stone tools

Some primitively shaped stone tool artifacts were discovered with the _A. garhi_ fossils, dating back roughly 2.5 and 2.6 million years old. These stone tools closely resembled the Olduwan technology used by early humans. The tools are thought to be older than those found with _Homo habilis_, which may be a direct ancestor of more modern hominins.

For a long time anthropologists assumed that only members of early genus _Homo_ had the ability to produce sophisticated tools. At another site in Bouri, Ethiopia, roughly 3,000 stone artifacts had been found to be about 2.5 million years old in age. _Australopithecus garhi_ may have been the species responsible for making and using these earliest stone tools.
Alexander Sulzer

**Alexander Sulzer** (born May 30, 1984) is a German professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Düsseldorfer EG of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). Sulzer has also played in the NHL for the Nashville Predators, Florida Panthers, Vancouver Canucks, Buffalo Sabres and the DEL for the Hamburg Freezers and DEG Metro Stars. He was traded to the Florida Panthers on February 25, 2011 for a conditional draft pick in the 2011 NHL Draft.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: 2024-10-11 Eisbären Berlin gegen Fischtown Pinguins Bremerhaven (Deutsche Eishockey-Liga 2024-25) by Sandro Halank–089.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Sulzer in 2024
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 198
- **team**: Düsseldorfer EG
- **league**: Deutsche Eishockey Liga, DEL
- **former teams**: Hamburg Freezers
Nashville Predators
Florida Panthers
 Vancouver Canucks
ERC Ingolstadt
Buffalo Sabres
Kölner Haie
- **ntl team**: Germany
- **birth place**: Kaufbeuren, West Germany
- **draft**: 92nd overall
- **draft year**: 2003
- **draft team**: Nashville Predators
- **career start**: 2000
World Nuclear Industry Status Report

***The World Nuclear Industry Status Report*** is a yearly report about the global challenges facing the nuclear power industry. The reports show that the share of nuclear-generated electricity in the overall global energy production has decreased in the 2000s. Nuclear power now accounts for about 13 percent of the world’s electricity generation and 5.5 percent of primary energy.

## 2010-11 report

The _World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010-2011_ is authored by Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt, and Steve Thomas and published by the Washington-based Worldwatch Institute. The foreword is written by Amory Lovins.

According to the report, the international nuclear power industry has been unable to stop the slow decline of nuclear energy. The world’s reactor fleet is aging quickly and not enough new units are coming online. As of April 1, 2011, there were 437 nuclear reactors operating in the world, which was seven fewer than in 2002. The Olkiluoto plant has had particular problems:
> The flagship EPR project at Olkiluoto in Finland, managed by the largest nuclear builder in the world, AREVA NP, has turned into a financial fiasco. The project is four years behind schedule and at least 90 percent over budget, reaching a total cost estimate of €5.7 billion ($8.3 billion) or close to €3,500 ($5,000) per kilowatt.

The report says that the  Fukushima I nuclear accidents have made things more difficult for nuclear energy. There is "no obvious sign that the international nuclear industry could eventually turn empirically evident downward trend into a promising future", and the Fukushima nuclear disaster is likely to accelerate the decline. With long lead times of 10 years and more, it will be difficult to maintain, let alone increase, the number of operating nuclear power plants over the next 20 years. Moreover, says the report, it is clear that nuclear power development cannot keep up with the pace of renewable energy commercialization.

## Other websites

- The End of Nuclear , Worldwatch Institute, 2011.
Cowboys from Hell

***Cowboys from Hell*** is Pantera's fifth album and their first Atco Records album. It was recorded at The Dallas Sound Lab in Irving, Texas and released on July 24, 1990. This was their first commercially successful album, exposing the band's groove metal style to mainstream audiences.

## Personnel

- Philip Anselmo – lead vocals
- Diamond Darrell – guitar, backing vocals
- Rex – bass, backing vocals
- Vinnie Paul – drums
- Produced, Engineered, and Mixed by Terry Date and Pantera
- Assistant Engineer - Matt Lane
- Mastered by Howie Weinberg at Masterdisk, New York City.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Cowboys from Hell
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Pantera
- **recorded**: Late 1989 – April 1990
- **genre**: * Groove metal
* thrash metal
- **length**: 57:44
- **label**: Atco Records, Atco
- **producer**: Terry Date
- **prev title**: Power Metal (album), Power Metal
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Vulgar Display of Power
- **next year**: 1992
Mycle Schneider

**Mycle Schneider** (born 1959 in Cologne) is a German energy consultant, and lead author of _The World Nuclear Industry Status Reports_. In 1997 he received the Right Livelihood Award.

## Life and work

Mycle Schneider is a nuclear energy expert based in Paris who has been adviser to members of the European Parliament on energy issues for more than 20 years. From 1998 to 2003, Schneider advised on energy policy for the French environment minister's office and the Belgian minister for energy and sustainable development. Since 2000 he has been a consultant on nuclear issues to the German environment ministry. He has also provided energy consulting for the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Schneider is a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, and the nuclear non-proliferation group Independent Group of Scientific Experts (IGSE), which is based at Hamburg University.  Since 2004 he has overseen the Environment and Energy Strategies lecture series for the Environmental and Energy Engineering Program at the French École des Mines in Nantes.

## Award

In 1997, along with Jinzaburo Takagi, Schneider received the Right Livelihood Award “... for serving to alert the world to the unparalleled dangers of plutonium to human life.”

## Publications

Schneider writes many publications on the safety and economic trends of the nuclear industry. He is co-editor of the 2009 book _International Perspectives on Energy Policy and the Role of Nuclear Power_. His World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009 was published by the German government.  Schneider and Antony Froggatt wrote the _Systems for Change_ report for the Heinrich Böll Foundation in 2010. Also in 2010, Schneider wrote a chapter in the book _Nuclear Power’s Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks_. He has commented extensively on the implications of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.

## Related pages

- Amory Lovins
- Christopher Flavin
- Energy conservation
- Renewable energy commercialization
- Joseph Romm
- Benjamin K. Sovacool
Caesars Palace

**Caesars Palace** is a luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Caesars Palace is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corp. Caesars is on the west side of the Strip, between the Bellagio and the Mirage.

Caesars Palace has 3,960 rooms. There are six towers in the hotel: Augustus, Centurion, Roman, Palace, Octavius and Forum. The Forum tower features guest suites with  of space. It is the only venue in Las Vegas to host a World Series of Poker Circuit Event.

## Entertainment and attractions

Caesars offers additional attractions including:

- Fall of Atlantis—free show
- Festival Fountain—free show
- Pure Nightclub a nightclub
- A number of world-famous restaurants and celebrity chefs

### Film

- _Hells Angels on Wheels_ 1967
- _Hell's Angels '69_ 1969
- _Where It's At_ 1969
- _The Electric Horseman_ 1979
- _Pleasure Palace_
- _History of the World, Part I_ 1981
- _Rocky III_ 1982
- _Oh, God! You Devil_ 1984
- _You Ruined My Life_ 1987
- _Rain Man_ 1988; setting of the famous card counting scene.
- _Hearts Are Wild_ 1992
- _Showgirls_ 1995
- _Fools Rush In_ 1997
- _The Strip_ 1999
- _Rush Hour 2_ 2001
- _Ocean's Eleven_ 2001
- _Intolerable Cruelty_ 2003
- _Dreamgirls_ 2006
- 10.5: Apocalypse
- _Category 6: Day of Destruction_
- _Iron Man_ 2008
- _The Hangover_ 2009; the main characters stayed in the hotel.
- In the video game _Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas_, it is called "Caligula's Palace"
- _2012_ 2009
- _The Guilt Trip (film)_ 2012

## Infobox (casino)

- **name**: Caesars Palace
- **image**: Caesars Palace - South East - 2010-12-12.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **pushpin map**: United States Downtown Las Vegas
- **location**: Paradise, Nevada, Paradise, Nevada, United States, U.S.
- **address**: 3570 South Las Vegas Boulevard
- **theme**: Roman Empire
- **rooms**: 3,976
- **shows**: _Absinthe (show), Absinthe_
- **attractions**: Replica ancient Roman, Greek and Renaissance art
The Colosseum at Caesars Palace
The Forum Shops at Caesars
- **notable restaurants**: Bacchanal Buffet
Mr. Chow
Old Homestead Steakhouse
- **owner**: Vici Properties
- **license holder**: Caesars Entertainment Corporation, Caesars Entertainment
- **renovations**: 1974, 1979, 1992, 2001, 2005, 2011, 2015
Homo cepranensis

***Homo cepranensis*** is a proposed name for a human species, known from only one skull cap discovered in 1994. The fossil was discovered by archeologist Italo Biddittu and was nicknamed "Ceprano Man" after a nearby town in the province of Frosinone, 89 kilometers southeast of Rome, Italy.

## Age

The fossil is estimated to be between 350,000 to 500,000 years old. An adjacent site, Fontana Ranuccio, was dated to 487,000 +/- 6000 years. Muttoni _et al_. suggest that Ceprano is most likely 450,000 years old.

## Features

The cranial features on the bone seem to be intermediate between those found on _Homo erectus_ and those of later species such as _Homo heidelbergensis_ which dominated Europe long before _Homo neanderthalensis_. There is yet not enough material to make a complete analysis of the individual.