juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Paris Club

The **Paris Club** () is a group of officials from major creditor countries. Their role is to find solutions to the payment difficulties of debtor countries.

The Paris Club was created gradually from 1956, when the first negotiation between Argentina and its public creditors took place in Paris. The Paris Club treats public claims (that is to say, those due by governments of debtor countries and by the private sector), guaranteed by the public sector to Paris Club members. A similar process occurs for public debt held by private creditors in the London Club, which was organized in 1970 on the model of the Paris Club as an group of  banks meet to renegotiate the debt they hold on debtors.
Same-sex marriage in Alaska

In March 1995, State Representative Norman Rokeberg responded to the sudden interest in same-sex marriage by introducing _House Bill 227_ in the Alaska House of Representatives to add language restricting marriage to the union of one man and one woman to the state statutes.

## City and Borough of Juneau

The city of Juneau issues domestic partnership benefits to same-sex couples.
Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland

**Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland** has been legal since 13 January 2020, following the enactment of the _Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019_. The first marriage ceremony took place on 11 February 2020. Civil partnerships have also been available for same-sex couples in Northern Ireland since their introduction by the Government of the United Kingdom in 2005.
British Normandy Memorial

The **British Normandy Memorial** is a war memorial near the village of Ver-sur-Mer in Normandy, France.  It was unveiled on 6 June 2021, the 77th anniversary of D-Day. It is dedicated to soldiers who died under British command during the Normandy landings.
UK Health Security Agency

The **UK Health Security Agency** (**UKHSA**) is a government agency in the United Kingdom, responsible since April 2021 for public health. It guards the population against infectious disease. This used to be done by Public Health England. It is part of the Department of Health and Social Care.

In 2022, after 30 children died in the United Kingdom from streptococcal pharyngitis.  The Agency sent out a communication which was said to have flooded emergency services with the 'worried well'.
Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons

**Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons** (**FRCS**) is a professional medical degree which is provided to senior surgeons in countries like Ireland and the United Kingdom.

It is provided by a committee consisting of four Royal Colleges of Surgeons i.e. the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (FRCS)
- **website**: ;
Sophie Charlotte

**Sophie Charlotte Wolf da Silva** (born April 29, 1989) is a German-Brazilian actress, dancer and model. She began her career in 2004 with a small role in the telenovela _Young Hearts_, She gained fame in 2008 by being the protagonist of the 15th season of _Young Hearts._ She has acted in other telenovelas such as _Caras & Bocas_ in 2009, _Ti Ti Ti_ in 2010 and _Fina Estampa_ in 2011. Sophie dated actor Caio Castro in 2008  and actor Malvino Salvador from 2010 until 2013, In May 2014 she began dating Daniel Oliveira. They married on December 6, 2015 . She gave birth to their son, Otto Charlotte Wolf de Oliveira, on March 14, 2016.

Charlotte was born in Hamburg, Germany.

## Movies and television

|Year|Title|Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|_Malhação_|Studant|Episode: December 24||
|2005|_Malhação_|Azaléia|Episode: February 21-25||
|rowspan="2"|2006|_Sítio do Pica-pau Amarelo_|Cinderella|Season 6|
|_Páginas da Vida_|Joyce||||
|2007–2009|_Malhação_|Angelina Maciel|Season 15||
|2009|_Caras & Bocas_|Vanessa Barros Ferreira (_Vanessinha_)|||
|2010|_Ti Ti Ti_|Stefany Oliveira|||
|2011|_Fina Estampa_|Maria Amália da Silva Pereira|||
|2012|_As Brasileiras_|Esplendor|Episode: "A Sambista da BR-116"||
|rowspan="2"|2013|_Sangue Bom_|Amora Campana||
|_Serra Pelada_|Tereza|movie|||
|rowspan="2"|2014|_Doce de Mãe_|Ritinha|Episode: March 27|
|_O Rebu_|Maria Eduarda Mahler (_Duda_)||||
|2015|_Babilônia_|Alice Junqueira Rangel|||
|rowspan="3"|2016|_Reza a Lenda_|Severina|movie|
|_Barata Ribeira, 716_|Gilda|Movie|||
|_Tamo Junto_|movie|movie|||
|rowspan="2"|2017|_Os Dias Eram Assim_|Alice Sampaio Pereira||
|_Os 8 Magníficos_|Self|movie|||
|2018|_Ilha de Ferro_|Leona Domingues|||
|rowspan="2"|2020|_Todas As Mulheres do Mundo_|Maria Alice||
|_Um Animal Amarelo_|Sofia|movie|||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sophie Charlotte
- **image**: Sophie Charlotte with red glasses.jpg
- **birth name**: Sophie Charlotte Wolf da Silva
- **birth place**: Hamburg, Germany
- **nationality**: Germans, German
Brazilians, Brazilian
- **occupation**: Actress
ballerina
model (person), model
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **partner**: Malvino Salvador (2010–2013)
- **children**: 1
Huey P. Long Bridge (Baton Rouge)

The **Huey P. Long - O.K. Allen Bridge** is a truss cantilever bridge. It goes over the Mississippi River. US 190 travels on the bridge, as well as a rail line. It helps people go between East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana and West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana.

The bridge is named after former Louisiana governors Huey P. Long and Oscar K. Allen. People in Baton Rogue call the bridge "the old bridge".

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Huey P. Long Bridge
- **image**: Huey P Long Bridge Baton Rouge northwest 1.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Huey P. Long Bridge from the northwest
- **official name**: Huey P. Long - O.K. Allen Bridge
- **also known as**: Old Bridge
- **carries**: 4 lanes of
1 Kansas City Southern Railway, Kansas City Southern rail line
- **crosses**: Mississippi River
- **locale**: Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- **maint**: Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development
- **id**: 611700071000001
- **design**: Cantilever bridge, Cantilever truss, truss bridge
- **traffic**: 17,300
- **cost**: $8.4 million
- **open**: August 1940
Marine debris

**Marine debris** is waste that has been intentionally or accidentally released into seas or oceans.
White Chicks

***White Chicks*** is a 2004 American comedy movie directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: White Chicks
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Keenen Ivory Wayans
- **cinematography**: Steven Bernstein (cinematographer), Steven Bernstein
- **music**: Teddy Castellucci
- **distributor**: Sony Pictures Releasing
- **runtime**: 109 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $37 million
- **gross**: $113.1 million
Hijra Farsi

**Hijra Farsi** (Urdu: حَجْرُهُ فَارِسِىٌّ) is a secret language spoken by South-Asian hijra and koti communities. Hijras are a marginalized transgender community living in sequestered groups in many cities of India and Pakistan. The language, also known as _Koti Farsi_, is spoken by the hijra community throughout Pakistan and North India (except West Bengal). It is based on Hindustani and not Farsi, as suggested by the name. The sentence structure is similar to Urdu with noticeable distinctions. Hijra Farsi is mainly spoken by Muslim Hijras.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Hijra Farsi
- **state**: India, Pakistan
- **speakers**: Unknown
- **date**: 2017
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam4**: Hindi languages, Central Zone (Hindi)
- **fam5**: Western Hindi
- **fam6**: Hindustani language, Hindustani
- **iso3**: none
- **glotto**: none
- **altname**: حَجْرُهُ فَارِسِىٌّ
Human rights in Saudi Arabia

**Human rights in Saudi Arabia** are a topic of concern. The Saudi government, which mandates Muslim and non-Muslim observance of Sharia law under the absolute rule of the House of Saud, have been accused of and denounced by various international organizations and governments for violating human rights within the country just like in America.

## LGBT rights

LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia are unrecognized. Homosexuality is frequently a taboo subject in Saudi Arabian society and is punished with imprisonment, corporal punishment and capital punishment. Transgender people are generally associated with homosexuality and doctors are banned by the Saudi Ministry of Health from giving hormone replacement therapy to transgender people seeking to medically transition. In 2017, two transgender Pakistanis were allegedly tortured to death by Saudi police. Police later denied the reports.
Human rights in Bangladesh

**Human rights in Bangladesh** are enshrined as fundamental rights in Part III of the Constitution of Bangladesh. However, constitutional and legal experts believe many of the country's laws require reform to enforce fundamental rights and reflect democratic values of the 21st century.

Tribal people in Bangladesh have demanded constitutional recognition.

Capital punishment remains legal in Bangladesh. Worker's rights are effected by a ban on trade unions in special economic zones. The government has often targeted trade union leaders with persecution.

## LGBT rights

In 2014, the Bangladeshi government officially recognized hijras as a third gender.

The British Raj-era penal code remains in force in Bangladesh. Section 377 of the code criminalizes homosexuality. In 2016, Terrorist groups claimed responsibility for the murder of Bangladesh's first LGBTQ magazine editor Xulhaz Mannan and his partner Tanay Majumdar.
Sarlat Rugby

The Sarlat Rugby Club is a French rugby union club based in Sarlat-la-Canéda. From 2020, the first team is referred to as Sarlat rugby. He evolves in 2020-2021 in the Federal 2 championship https://sarlatrugby.com/ .

## Stadium

In 1926, the CAS bought the plots with a total area of 1 ha 43a 80ca for a price of 11,000 francs. 6,000 are paid by the club, the remaining 5,000 from the funds of ten loyal Sarladais supporters11, repayable over 10 years https://sarlatrugby.fr/a-propos/ .
Human rights in East Turkestan

Article 36 of the PRC Constitution provides constitutional protection for citizens’ freedom of religion and the country's official ethnic policies also reiterate protection of the freedom of religion of ethnic minorities, but in practice the Uyghur population, predominantly living in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, are subject to strict controls on the practice of Islam.

Examples of these restrictions now include:
- Official religious practices must be held in government-approved mosques
- Uyghurs under 18 years old are not allowed to enter mosques or pray in school
- The study of religious texts is only permitted in designated state schools
- Government informers regularly attend religious gatherings in mosques
- Women are not allowed to wear headscarves and veils and men are not allowed to have beards
- The use of traditionally Islamic names (e.g., Abdul), is banned

Since the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Chinese government began to label violence in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as terrorism, unlike in previous years. Chinese counter-terror legislation now makes explicit links between religion and extremism and has led to regulations that explicitly ban religious expression among Uyghurs in particular.

On January 19, 2021, outgoing Secretary of State Mike Pompeo formally declared that China is committing a genocide against the Uighurs and crimes against humanity. In a written letter, Pompeo wrote, “I believe this genocide is ongoing, and that we are witnessing the systematic attempt to destroy Uyghurs by the Chinese party-state.” Pompeo called for “all appropriate multilateral and relevant juridical bodies, to join the United States in our effort to promote accountability for those responsible for these atrocities." China strongly denies that human rights abuses are going on in Xinjiang. Pompeo has previously stated that China is trying to "erase its own citizens." On 16 August 2021, a young Chinese woman, named Wu Huan, told the _Associated Press_ in her testimony that she was allegedly held for eight days at a Chinese-run secret detention facility in the United Arab Emirates, along with two other Uyghurs. Wu Huan said she was abducted from a hotel in Dubai and detained by Chinese officials at a villa converted into a jail. It was the first evidence that China was operating a “black site” beyond its borders.
Human rights in Kashmir

**Kashmir** has an area of 230,166.1 km<sup>2</sup> or (89,106 mi<sup>2</sup>). The population of the region is more than the individual populations of 127 UN member nations and its area is larger than that of 97 nations. Several international agencies and the UN have reported human rights violations in the disputed territories of Kashmir.

## LGBT rights of Kashmiris

Homosexuality is illegal in the Pakistan. Pakistan was one of the 67 signatory nations opposing the UN declaration on Sexual orientation and Gender Identity, which failed to pass.

In India, civil unions, and domestic partnerships are recognised, while  same-sex marriages are still not legal.
Covaxin

**Covaxin** (codenamed as **BBV152**) is an inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine created by Bharat Biotech.

As of October 2021, 110.6 million people in India have received Covaxin. On 3 November 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved the vaccine for emergency use.
Subrata Mukherjee

**Subrata Mukherjee** (14 August 1946 – 4 November 2021) was an Indian politician. He was a member of All India Trinamool Congress. He also served as the 36th Mayor of Kolkata from 2000 to 2005.

Mukherjee died at a Kolkata hospital from a heart attack on 4 November 2021, aged 75.
Mario Lavista

**Mario Lavista** (April 3, 1943 – November 4, 2021) was a Mexican composer, writer and academic. He was born in Mexico City. He composed incidental music for plays, movie scores, orchestral pieces, and vocal music.

Lavista was a professor at the University of Chicago, Cornell University, the University of California San Diego, Indiana University, McGill University, University of North Texas, and University of New Mexico.

Lavista died on November 4, 2021 in Mexico City, aged 78.
Damon Galgut

**Damon Galgut** (born 12 November 1963) is a South African playwright and novelist. He was awarded the 2021 Booker Prize for his novel _The Promise_.

Galgut is openly gay.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Damon Galgut
- **image**: Damon Galgut (2013).png
- **caption**: Damon Galgut in 2013
- **birth place**: Pretoria, South Africa
- **nationality**: South African people, South African
- **genre**: Drama, fiction, Short story, short stories
- **notableworks**: _The Good Doctor (novel), The Good Doctor_ (2003)
_The Promise (Galgut novel), The Promise_ (2021)
- **awards**: Booker Prize (2021)
Wilma Chan

**Wilma Chan** (; October 5, 1949 – November 3, 2021) was an American Democratic Party politician. Chan was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She was a member of the Alameda County Board of Supervisors between 1995 until 2000 and again from 2011 until her death. Chan was also a member of the California State Assembly between 2000 and 2006.

Chan was hit by a car while she was walking her dog on November 3, 2021 in Alameda, California. She died from her injuries at a hospital a few hours later, aged 72.
Patricija Šulin

**Patricija Šulin** (25 November 1965 – 2 November 2021) was a Slovenian politician. A member of the Slovenian Democratic Party and the European People's Party Group, she served in the European Parliament from 2014 to 2019 and in the National Assembly of Slovenia from 2012 to 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Patricija Šulin
- **image**: EPP Political Assembly, 5-6 September 2016 (29394498661) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Šulin in 2016
- **birth date**: 25 November 1965
- **birth place**: Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba, Šempeter-Vrtojba, Socialist Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia
- **nationality**: Slovenian
- **party**: Slovenian Democratic Party, SDS
 European People's Party Group, EPP Group
- **office**: Member of the European Parliament
- **term start**: 1 July 2014
- **term end**: 1 July 2019
- **office2**: Member of the National Assembly (Slovenia), National Assembly of Slovenia
- **term start2**: 2012
- **term end2**: 2013
Lawrence Donald Soens

**Lawrence Donald Soens** (August 26, 1926 – November 1, 2021) was an American Roman Catholic prelate. He was a bishop of the Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Sioux City, Iowa from 1983 to 1998. Soens was born in Iowa City, Iowa. He became a priest in 1950.

Soens died on November 1, 2021 in Sioux City at the age of 95.
Human rights in Israel

**Human rights in Israel** has been evaluated by intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and human rights activists. They are checked often in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the wider Arab–Israeli conflict and Israel internal politics.

## Politics

Israel is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. It was described in its Declaration of Independence as a "Jewish state" – the legal definition "Jewish and democratic state" was adopted in 1985.

## Ethnicity

In addition to its Jewish majority, Israel is home to religious and ethnic minorities. Some of them report discrimination. In the Palestinian territories, successive Israeli governments have been criticized from other countries and international human rights groups. One of the Basic Laws of Israel, aimed to make the basis of a future constitution, Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty, is a major tool for safeguarding human rights and civil liberties in Israel.

## LGBT rights

Rights for sexual minorities in Israel are thought to be the best in the Middle East.

### Marriage

Israel has not legalized same-sex marriage. But same-sex marriages valid in foreign countries are legally recognized in Israel. Israel guarantees civil rights for its homosexual population, including adoption rights and partner benefits. Israel also gives a common-law marriage status for same-sex domestic partners. The sodomy law inherited from the British Mandate of Palestine was repealed in 1988. But there was an explicit instruction issued in 1953 by the Attorney General of Israel ordering the police to refrain from enforcing this law, so long as no other offenses were involved.

### Anti-discrimination practices

A national gay rights law bans some anti-gay discrimination, including in employment; some exemptions are made for religious organizations. In the past, military service of homosexuals was subject to certain restrictions. These restrictions were lifted in 1993, allowing homosexuals to serve openly in all units of the army.

### Surgery

In March 2014, the Ministry of Health stated that sex-reassignment surgery was included among subsidized health services provided to citizens. Despite this, in May _Haaretz_ reported that a health maintenance organization refused to pay for two sex-change surgeries. This resulted in great expenses by the patients.

### Employment

A national LGBTI task force found that 80 percent of transgender persons, 50 percent of lesbians and 20 percent of gay men were discriminated against when seeking employment.
Human rights in India

**Human rights in India** is a hard issue in the nation.

## Background

The issues are caused by the country's large size and population. For other reasons, there are:
- widespread poverty
- lack of education
- diverse culture

## Laws

The Constitution of India gives fundamental rights. This includes freedom of religion. Clauses also provide for freedom of speech, as well as separation of executive and judiciary and freedom of movement within the country and abroad. The country also has an independent judiciary as well as bodies to look into issues of human rights.

## LGBT rights

Until the Delhi High Court allowed private sexual acts between consenting adults on 2 July 2009, homosexuality was considered criminal as per interpretations of the ambiguous Section 377 of the 150-year-old Indian Penal Code (IPC). It was a law passed by the British colonial government. However, this law was very rarely enforced.

### Judges

In its ruling to allow homosexuality, the Delhi High Court noted that existed law conflicted with the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India, and such ban violates Articles 21, 14 and 15 of the Constitution.

#### 2010s

On 11 December 2013, homosexuality was again banned by a Supreme Court ruling.

On 6 September 2018, a five judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India, in a landmark judgement, allowed homosexuality.

#### 2020s

On June 7, 2021, the Madras High Court ruled that it would take strict action against anyone found attempting to medically “cure” or change the sexual orientation of the LGBTQIA+ community to heterosexual. In its judgement, Justice N Anand Venkatesh also gave directives to educational institutions to sensitize students. Also, it instructed police and prison authorities to conduct programs that not just sensitized police personnel but also ensured non-discrimination of the LGBTQIA+ community.
Mathews, Virginia

**Mathews** is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Mathews County, Virginia, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mathews
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place (CDP)
- **image skyline**: MATHEWS COUNTY COURTHOUSE SQUARE.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Mathews County Courthouse Square, 1790s courthouse
- **pushpin map**: Virginia
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the Commonwealth of Virginia
- **map caption**: Location within Mathews county
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Mathews County, Virginia, Mathews
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 525
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 23109
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
Artie Lange

**Arthur Steven Lange Jr.** (born October 11, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and radio personality. He is best known for his work on the sketch comedy series _Mad TV_ from 1995 to 1997 and _The Howard Stern Show_ from 2001 to 2009.

Lange was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 2010s and needs daily injections of insulin.

Lange is also known for being in many legal troubles such as being arrested, drug use and being a convicted felon.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Artie Lange
- **image**: Artielangesit.jpg
- **caption**: Lange in September 2006
- **birth name**: Arthur Steven Lange Jr.
- **birth place**: Livingston, New Jersey, Livingston, New Jersey, U.S.
- **medium**: Stand-up comedy, Stand-up, television, film, radio, books
- **active**: 1987–present
Fred Allen

**John Florence Sullivan** (May 31, 1894 – March 17, 1956), known professionally as **Fred Allen**, was an American comedian. He was known for having his own radio show _The Fred Allen Show_ (1932–1949). This made him one of the most popular humorists in the Golden Age of American radio.

## Infobox (presenter)

- **name**: Fred Allen
- **image**: Fred Allen 1937.JPG
- **caption**: Fred Allen in 1937
- **birth name**: John Florence Sullivan
- **birth place**: Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **show**: _The Fred Allen Show_
- **network**: CBS, NBC
- **style**: Comedian
- **country**: United States
Sarcohyla bistincta

The **Mexican fringe-limbed tree frog** or **Cope's streamside tree frog** (_Sarcohyla bistincta_) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  It lives near fast-flowing streams and rivers, but it also lives in forests where the trees are pine and oak and in cloud forests.  Scientists have seen it between 1219 and 2900 meters above sea level.

This frog's tadpoles swim in streams.

This frog is not in danger of dying out now, but scientists think it could bee if human beings cut down too many trees to make farms and get wood to build with. They think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis might also kill this frog, but they have not found any sick frogs yet.  Scientists have seen this frog on one ranch. They think this frog might be able to live in places that human beings have changed.
Plymouth, New Hampshire

**Plymouth** is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 6,682 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Town of Plymouth official website
- Plymouth Historical Society
Barbara-Rose Collins

**Barbara-Rose Collins** (April 13, 1939 – November 4, 2021) was an American Democratic politician. She was the first black woman from Michigan to be elected to Congress. She was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 until 1997. Collins was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Collins died on November 4, 2021 at a Detroit hospital from problems caused by COVID-19, aged 82.
Human rights in Libya

**Human rights in Libya** is the record of human rights upheld and violated in various stages of Libya's history.

## LGBT rights

As of 2019, Libya has one LGBTQ+ NGO called Kun Libya. Libya's LGBT identifying population remains as of today under pressure to remain closeted due to the fall of the state since 2014.
Human rights in Algeria

In 2011, Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who had been in power since 1999, lifted a state of emergency that had been in place since the end of the Algerian Civil War in 2002, as a result of the Arab Spring protests that had occurred throughout the Arab world.

## LGBT rights

Homosexuality and lesbianism are punishable by up to 3 years imprisonment with fines up to 10,000 dinars, torture, beatings, or vigilante execution. Police join in on the attacks, are complicit, or turn a blind eye. There is intense social discrimination, and very few gays live openly. Gender expression is banned and discrimination is rampant.
Alar Karis

**Alar Karis** (; born 26 March 1958) is an Estonian biologist, civil servant and politician. He is the sixth and current President of Estonia since 11 October 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alar Karis
- **image**: Alar Karis 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Karis in 2024
- **office1**: 6th President of Estonia
- **primeminister1**: Kaja Kallas
Kristen Michal
- **term start1**: 11 October 2021
- **predecessor1**: Kersti Kaljulaid
- **office2**: Director of the Estonian National Museum
- **term start2**: 9 April 2018
- **term end2**: 7 September 2021
- **predecessor2**: Tõnis Lukas
- **successor2**: Kertu Saks
- **office3**: National Audit Office of Estonia, Auditor General of Estonia
- **term start3**: 7 April 2013
- **term end3**: 7 March 2018
- **predecessor3**: Mihkel Oviir
- **successor3**: Janar Holm
- **office4**: List of rectors of the University of Tartu, Rector of the University of Tartu
- **term start4**: 3 July 2007
- **term end4**: 30 June 2012
- **predecessor4**: Tõnu Lehtsaar
- **successor4**: Volli Kalm
- **office5**: Rector of the Estonian University of Life Sciences
- **term start5**: 2003
- **term end5**: 2007
- **predecessor5**: Henn Elmet
- **successor5**: Mait Klaassen
- **birth place**: Tartu, Estonia
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: Estonian University of Life Sciences
Human rights in Tunisia

While the immediate months after the revolution were characterized by significant improvements in the status of human rights, some of those advances have since been reversed. The situation remains in a state of flux, with different observers providing virtually irreconcilable accounts of the current status of human rights in that country.

## LGBT rights

One group that has not benefited noticeably from the Tunisian revolution is LGBT people. "While the fall of Ben Ali has afforded a greater space to free expression, not all Tunisian homosexuals are convinced things are headed in the right direction," reported the Tunisia Live website in January 2012. "Homosexuals in Tunisia celebrated the ouster of dictator Ben Ali, hoping it would improve their situation," noted Deutsche Welle in November 2012, "But in nearly two years, little has changed for the country's gay and lesbian community." Under Article 230 of the penal code, anal intercourse can still be punished by up to three years in prison. In June 2012, Tunisia's Minister for Human Rights vehemently rejected a call by the United Nations Human Rights Committee to decriminalize same-sex acts, dismissing sexual orientation as a Western concept and insisting on its incompatibility with Islam. A large amount of anecdotal evidence suggests that harassment and assaults by police officers and others on LGBT persons continue to be widespread.

There is still no official LGBT rights organizations in Tunisia, although an online magazine for gays was established in March 2011.
Flag of East Turkestan

The **flag of East Turkestan** (), also known as the ***Kökbayraq*** ("sky flag"), was the national flag of the First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934). The East Turkestan Flag has a white crescent (young waning moon) with a five pointed star on blue background, it was adopted on 12 November 1933 as the national flag of East Turkestan during Declaration of the Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan. With the exception of the blue background, the flag is identical to the Flag of Turkey.

## Usage

In modern times it is popularly used as a symbol of the East Turkestan independence movement and used by the East Turkistan Government in Exile as the national flag of East Turkestan. It is actively used by Uyghur / East Turkistani activists in protests against China's genocide of Uyghurs and the re-education camp system in Xinjiang.

The light blue colour (background) is taken from the colour of the sky and is a predominant colour in Turkic culture that represents the sky, essentially the blue represents Turkic peoples. The crescent represents the notion of being victorious (un-defeatable) and is not necessarily an Islamic symbol, in-fact it was the Turks that introduced the crescent into the Islamic world. The star represents the Turkic nation, it is also found on the flag of the White Hun (Hephthalite) Empire and various other Turkic empires and states.

## Related pages

- East Turkestan independence movement
- Flag of Pakistan
- Flag of Afghanistan
- Flag of Turkey

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: East Turkestan
- **nickname**: Kökbayraq
- **image**: Kokbayraq flag.svg
- **use**: 111111
- **proportion**: 2:3
- **adoption**: 11 November 1933
- **design**: A blue (#0099FF) field with a white crescent moon and five-pointed star slightly left of centre.
- **image2**: Flag of the Second East Turkestan Republic.svg
- **use2**: 111111
- **proportion2**: 2:3
- **adoption2**: 12 November 1944
- **relinquished2**: 22 December 1949
- **design2**: A blue (#0099FF) field with a white crescent moon and five-pointed star pointing to the upper-left.
Ross Darcy

**Ross Darcy** (born 21 March 1978 in the Republic of Ireland) is an Irish retired footballer.

## Other websites

- Ross Darcy at Soccer Base

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ross Darcy
- **caps2**: 8
- **years4**: 2002-2003/04
- **goals3**: 0
- **caps3**: 5
- **clubs3**: Dover Athletic F.C.•(_loan_)
- **years3**: 2000/2001
- **goals2**: 0
- **clubs2**: Barnet F.C.
- **birth date**: 21 March 1978
- **years2**: 1999/00-2002
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps1**: 0
- **clubs1**: Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
- **years1**: -1999/00
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **birth place**: Republic of Ireland
- **clubs4**: Dundalk F.C.
The Buccaneers (TV series)

***The Buccaneers*** is a British adventure drama television series. It aired on ITV in the United Kingdom, CBS in the United States. There were 39 episodes that ran from 19 September, 1956 to 12 June, 1957. It starred Robert Shaw, Peter Hammond, Brian Rawlinson, Paul Hansard, Edwin Richfield, Neil Hallett, Willoughby Gray, Alec Mango.

## Other websites

- Screen Online
- CTA information
Bruce Dinsmore

**Bruce Dinsmore** (born November 22, 1965) is a Canadian actor. He voices Little Pencil from The Babaloos, Tubby Tompkins from The Little Lulu Show, Binky Barnes and David Read from _Arthur_, Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer from The Secret World of Santa Claus and Greens the Frog from Mumble Bumble on CINAR and has contributed mocap/voice performances in numerous video games, notably as Paul Revere in Assassin's Creed 3, Maximilien de Robespierre in Assassin's Creed: Unity and Bill Taggart in Deus Ex: Human Revolution. He currently appears on air in Greypower commercials and has voiced 000s of radio sports.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bruce Dinsmore
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **alma mater**: National Theatre School of Canada
- **occupation**: Celebrity
- **height**: 180 cm
- **known for**: The Babaloos (1995-1998)
The Little Lulu Show (1995-1998)
Arthur (TV series), Arthur (1996-2022)
The Secret World of Santa Claus (1997)
Mumble Bumble (1998-1999)
Dragnet (1951 TV series)

***Dragnet*** is an American police drama television series based on radio series of the same name. It aired on NBC for 8 seasons and 276 episodes. It ran between December 16, 1951 and August 23, 1959. It starred Jack Webb portraying the Sgt Joe Friday and Ben Alexander co-starred as Joe Friday's co-worker.
The Roy Rogers Show

***The Roy Rogers Show*** is an American western television series that aired on NBC from December 30, 1951 to June 9, 1957. It ran for 6 seasons and 100 episodes. It stars Roy Rogers, Dale Evans, Pat Brady.

## Other websites

- _The Roy Rogers Show_ at the Iverson Movie Ranch
My Sister Eileen (TV series)

***My Sister Eileen*** is an American sitcom that aired CBS from October 5, 1960 to April 12, 1961 for one season and 26 episodes. It stars Elaine Stritch, Shirley Bonne, Jack Weston, Rose Marie, Raymond Bailey, Stubby Kaye, Agnes Moorehead and was based on the autobiographical short stories by Ruth McKenney.
Richmond, New Hampshire

**Richmond** is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,197 people lived there.

## Other websites

- _The Richmond Rooster_
Itziar Ituño

**Itziar Ituño Martínez** (born June 18, 1974) is a Spanish actress. She is best known for her role as Inspector Raquel Murillo in the Spanish television series _Money Heist_ (_La casa de papel_).

## Early life

Ituño was born in Basauri, on June 18, 1974. She  graduated in urban-industrial and political sociology from the University of the Basque Country and studied acting at the Basauri Theater School.

## Career

Ituño's first appearance was in the Basque film _Agur Olentzero, agur_ (_Goodbye Olentzero, Goodbye_). It was released in 1997.

She got a role in the soap opera _Goenkale_ in 2001. She played Nekane Beitia, a bisexual policewoman from the fictional village of Arralde in this television series. She played the role until 2015, when the show was canceled. This role increased her visibility in the Basque Country.

She was starring in the films _Loreak_ (Spanish submission for the Academy Awards) and _Igelak_, released in 2015 and 2016 respectively.

She starred in the television series _La casa de papel_ (broadcast on Antena 3 and then acquired by Netflix) in the role of Raquel Murillo, a police inspector in 2017.

She is also a singer in three bands: Dangiliske, EZ3, and INGOT.

She was a presenter of the Basque Film Gala and the EITB Gala for the 65th edition of the San Sebastian International Film Festival on 26 September 2017.

It was announced in May 2020 that Ituño will make her English language debut in the British animated short film _Salvation Has No Name_, due for release in 2020.
Holderness, New Hampshire

**Holderness** is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 2,004 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Town of Holderness official website
- Holderness Free Library
- Holderness Historical Society
Pedro Alonso

**Pedro Ochoro González Alonso Lopez** (born 21 June 1971), is a Spanish actor, writer and artist. He is best known for his role of Andrés "Berlin" de Fonollosa in the Spanish heist series _Money Heist_ (_La casa de papel_) and for the role of Diego Murquía in the historical drama series _Gran Hotel_. He is also a writer and uses the pen name **Pedro Alonso**.

Alonso is ambidextrous and speaks Spanish, Galician, Catalan and English. He is also a writer and artist, publishing his work under the name _Pedro Alonso O'choro_.

## Career

He became famous at a local level in Galicia for his performances on television in _Rías Baixas_ (2003–2005), _Maridos e mulleres_ (2006–2008), _Padre Casares_ (2008–2015) and _Gondar_ (2009), and nationally for playing characters such as Diego Murquía/Adrián Vera Celande in historical drama _Gran Hotel_. Alonso played the role of Andrés "Berlin" de Fonollosa in the crime drama series _Money Heist_ (_La casa de papel_).

In 2018, he was chosen as "International Star of the Year" by GQ Turkey magazine. He co-starred in _Diablo Guardián_, Amazon Prime Video’s first drama series in Latin America. It was released in May, 2018. In 2019, Alonso played the leading role in the mystery thriller _The Silence of the Marsh_.

## Personal life

Alonso has a daughter, Uriel (b. 1998) from his first relationship. He is in a relationship with Parisian hypnotherapist and artist Tatiana Djordjevic.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pedro Alonso
- **image**: HospitalReal01 (cropped).jpg
- **image caption**: (2015)
- **birth name**: Pedro González Alonso
- **birth place**: Vigo, Galicia (Spain), Galicia, Spain
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **alma mater**: RESAD
- **children**: 1
Farmington, New Hampshire

**Farmington** is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 6,722 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Farmington Historical Society
- Museum of Farmington History
- Puddledock Press of Farmington New Hampshire
North Hampton, New Hampshire

**North Hampton** is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, 4,538 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Town of North Hampton official website
- North Hampton Public Library
As You Desire Me (movie)

***As You Desire Me*** is a 1932 American drama movie directed by George Fitzmaurice and was based on the 1929 play by Luigi Pirandello. It stars Greta Garbo, Melvyn Douglas, Erich von Stroheim, Owen Moore, Hedda Hopper, Rafaela Ottiano, Albert Conti and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
The Right Stuff (album)

***The Right Stuff*** is the debut studio album by American singer and actress Vanessa Williams, released on June 6, 1988, by Wing Records. It includes the singles "The Right Stuff", "(He's Got) The Look", "Dreamin'" and "Darlin' I". The album and its singles managed to cross over from an urban market to also a pop market. It was eventually certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales in excess of 500,000 and earned Williams three Grammy Award nominations.

## Production

- Produced by Amir-Salaam Bayyan, David Paul Bryant, Lewis A. Martineé, Donald Robinson, Larry Robinson, Darryl Ross, Rex Salas
- Additional [background] vocals: Chuckii Booker, Johnny Gill (track 1), Niki Haris (tracks 2, 7, 10), Rachelle Ferrell (track 3), Kipper Jones (tracks 1, 2, 8)
- Engineers: Mike Bona, David Bianco, Gerry Brown, Craig Burbridge, Peter Dlugokencky, Michael Frenke, Lewis A. Martinee, Allen Scott Plotkin, Paul Scott, Steve Shepherd, Mike Tarsia, Steve Van Arden, Erik Zobler, Jared Held
- Assistant engineers: Sabrina Burchanek, Cliff Jones, Bob Loftus, Gill Morales, Adam Silverman, Dennis Stefani, John VanNest
- Mixing: Rick Alonso, David Bianco, Lewis A. Martinee, Donald Robinson, Mike Tarsia, Erik Zobler, Jared Held
- Remixing: Rod Hui
- Mix assistant: Steve Holroyd
- Editing and post-production: Ed Eckstine, Eric "Vietnam" Sadler, Christopher Shaw, Hank Shocklee, Bill Stephney

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Right Stuff
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Vanessa Williams
- **label**: Wing Records, Wing
- **next title**: The Comfort Zone (album), The Comfort Zone
- **next year**: 1991
Human rights in the Maldives

**Human rights in the Maldives**, an archipelagic nation of 417,000 people off the coast of the Indian Subcontinent, is a contentious issue. In its 2011 Freedom in the World report, Freedom House declared the Maldives "Partly Free", claiming a reform process which had made headway in 2009 and 2010 had stalled.

## Minority and women's rights

Parliament contains five female members, and women have a 98% literacy rate.

In 2011 four police officers were discharged from the force, but not formally charged, for driving a woman around Malé, forcing her to strip her clothes, sexually and physically abusing her, and throwing her on the street.

As the state partially practices Sharia law in some matters, Homosexuality not legal. The punishment for men is nine months to one year imprisonment, or 10 to 30 lashes. The punishment for women is nine months to one year of house arrest.
The List of Adrian Messenger

***The List of Adrian Messenger*** is a 1963 American mystery movie directed by John Huston and was based on the 1959 novel by Philip MacDonald. It stars George C. Scott, Tony Curtis, John Merivale, Tony Huston, Herbert Marshall, Clive Brook, Dana Wynter, Kirk Douglas, Gladys Cooper, Ronald Long, Bernard Arnold and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Human rights in Kyrgyzstan

**Human rights in Kyrgyzstan** improved after the ouster of President Askar Akayev in the 2005 Tulip Revolution and the installment of a more democratic government under Roza Otunbayeva. While the country is performing well compared to other states in Central Asia, many human rights violations still take place. Especially LGBT rights have been getting worse in recent years, freedom of press on the contrary has been improving.

## LGBT rights

Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Kyrgyzstan, but same-sex marriage is not recognised and even explicitly banned in the constitution since 2016. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people continue to face ill-treatment, extortion, and discrimination by state and non-state actors.

Domestic violence against LGBT minors is a major issue and victims have limited access to government support. LGBT people are often unable to seek protection because of violence and other abuses by law enforcement agencies. Ill-treatment against LGBT people by law enforcement authorities is a systemic phenomenon in Kyrgyzstan according to Kyrgyz Indigo, a local LGBT advocacy group.

Various nationalist groups threatened LGBT interest groups during demonstrations in 2019, several parliament members responded by expressing their aversion to same sex couples, where one member said LGBT people should be “not just cursed, but beaten.”

Transgender people are allowed to change legal gender in Kyrgyzstan, but require undergoing sex reassignment surgery. The first such surgery was performed in Bishkek in January 2014.
Human rights in Kazakhstan

**Human rights in Kazakhstan** are uniformly described as poor by independent observers. Human Rights Watch says that "Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion.

## LGBT rights

According to a 2018 survey, conducted by the Republican Centre for AIDS Prevention and Control and the Kazakh Ministry of Health, there were about 620,000 men who have sex with men in Kazakhstan; about 6,000 in Almaty, 3,300 in Astana, and 4,900 in Karaganda Region. This number, however, is expected to be much higher, due to societal homophobia which may prevent individuals from coming out.
Human rights in Tajikistan

**Human rights in Tajikistan,** a country in Central Asia, have become an issue of international concern. The access to basic human rights remains limited, with corruption in the government and the systematic abuse of the human rights of its citizens slowing down the progress of democratic and social reform in the country.

## LGBT rights

LGBT people tend to face frequent discrimination, harassment and violence from the authorities and the Muslim-majority public.

Transgender people "face a lot of stigma and discrimination" in **Tajikistan**.
Sarcohyla toyota

**Toyota's tree frog** (_Sarcohyla toyota_) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  Scientists have seen it in cloud forests in the Sierra Madre mountains between 1975 and 2185 meters above sea level.

Scientists say this frog is related to _Sarcohyla thorectes_.
Human rights in Turkmenistan

**Turkmenistan's human rights record** has been heavily criticized by various countries and scholars worldwide.

## LGBT rights

Homosexuality is institutionally perceived as a form of mental disorder.

Male homosexuality is explicitly illegal and sodomy — defined as sexual intercourse between men — is punishable for a maximum term of five years under the Turkmen Legal code (Chapter 18; Section 35); prior to the 2019 amendment, the limit was two years under the 1997 code. No penal provisions exist for female homosexuality, who along with transsexuals are an invisible category in Turkmen law.
Human rights in Uzbekistan

**Human rights in Uzbekistan** have been described as "abysmal" [extremely bad] by Human Rights Watch. The country has received heavy criticism from the U.K. and the U.S. The reasons were: possible unjustified arrests, religious persecution and torture used by both regional and national governments.

## LGBT rights

**Uzbekistan** and Turkmenistan are the only post-Soviet states where male homosexual activity is still a criminal offence.
Human rights in Mauritania

With a July 2012 estimated population of 3.4 million, Mauritania is a highly centralized Islamic republic with no legal provisions for freedom of religion.

## LGBT rights of sexual orientation and gender identity

Under Shari'a, as applied in Mauritania, consensual same-sex sexual activity between men is punishable by death if witnessed by four individuals, and such activity between women is punishable by three months to two years in prison and a 5,000 to 60,000 ouguiya (US$17 to $207) fine. There were no criminal prosecutions during the year. There was no evidence of societal violence, societal discrimination, or systematic government discrimination based on sexual orientation. There were no organizations advocating for sexual orientation or gender-identity rights, but there were no legal impediments to the operation of such groups.
Tercera División

The **Tercera División** was the fourth division of football in Spain. It was originally founded in 1929, as the 3rd division of Spanish football (below La Liga and the Segunda División)

## Other websites

- Official RFEF
- Group for Spanish Football Statistics Compilation (in Spanish)

## Infobox (football league)

- **country**: Spain
- **confed**: UEFA
- **founded**: 1929
- **folded**: 2021
- **teams**: 397
- **promotion**: Segunda División (1929–1977)
Segunda División B (1977–2021)
- **relegation**: Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol, Divisiones Regionales
- **levels**: 3 (1929–1977)
4 (1977–2021)
- **domest cup**: Copa del Rey
Copa Federación de España, Copa Federación
- **confed cup**: UEFA Europa League
(via winning Copa del Rey)
Marvi Sirmed

**Marvi Sirmed** is a Pakistani political commentator, journalist, and human rights activist. She is a social democrat.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marvi Sirmed
- **birth name**: ماروی سرمد
- **birth place**: Sialkot, Pakistan
- **occupation**: Journalist, human rights activist
- **spouse**: Sirmed Manzoor