juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Matt Damon

**Matthew Paige Damon** (born October 8, 1970) is an American actor, philanthropist, producer and screenwriter. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his writing of the story for the movie _Good Will Hunting_, and he was nominated for his acting in the same movie. He has also acted in several other movies including _The Bourne Identity_, the _Ocean's Trilogy_, _Syriana_ and _Oppenheimer_. He will play Odysseus in the 2026 movie _The Odyssey_.

## Early life

He was born on October 8, 1970 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is the son of Kent Telfer Damon, a stockbroker, and Nancy Carlsson-Paige, an early childhood education professor at Lesley University. His father is of Scottish, Welsh, and English ancestry, while his mother is of Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish ancestry. His brother Kyle is an accomplished sculptor and artist. He and his family moved to Newton and lived there for two years. After his parents divorced, Damon and his brother moved with their mother back to Cambridge, where they lived in a six-family communal house. Damon grew up near actor Ben Affleck, a close friend since childhood and collaborator on several films (Damon is Affleck's tenth cousin, once removed, through a common New England ancestor).

## Other websites

- Matt Damon on Moviefone
- Matt Damon News Column
- Matt Damon on Hardball
- GreenDimes Matt Damon, board member
- Not On Our Watch: George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Don Cheadle, Jerry Weintraub

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Matt Damon
- **image**: Damon cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Damon at the 69th Jar Jar Binks Fandom Meeting in 2009
- **birth name**: Matthew Paige Damon
- **alma mater**: Harvard College
- **years active**: 1986–present
- **children**: 4
Robert Urich

**Robert Urich** (December 19, 1946 – April 16, 2002) was an Emmy-winning actor. He was born in Toronto, Ohio.

Urich is best known for playing private investigators on the television series _Spenser: For Hire_ (1985–1988) and _Vega$_ (1978–1981).  He also acted in many other television series over the years including: _S.W.A.T._ (1975), _Soap_ (1977) and The Lazarus Man (1996). He was also known for starring in the movie A long Way Home which was released in 2003.

From 1975 until his death, Urich was married to actress Heather Menzies.

Urich died of synovial sarcoma in Thousand Oaks, California at the age of 55.
Vic Morrow

**Victor Morrow** (February 14, 1929 – July 23, 1982) was an American actor. He was famous for acting in the television series _Combat!_ (1962–1967), in which he also worked as a television director.

Morrow was born in the Bronx, New York City. He was the father of actress Jennifer Jason Leigh.

Morrow died while filming _Twilight Zone: The Movie_ at an accident in Ventura County, California with a helicopter that crashed and killed him and two children. The accident made the government make many reforms in U.S. child labor laws and safety regulations on movie sets in California.

## Other websites

- Filmography
- Twilight Zone Tragedy at crimelibrary.com
- Find A Death - Vic Morrow
- Article on Twilight Zone tragedy, written by friend and COMBAT! co-star Dick 'Little John' Peabody
- Sculptural Tribute to Actor Vic Morrow
- NTSB Accident Investigation Report
Lal Masjid siege

**The Lal Masjid siege** (Codename: **Operation Sunrise** and **Operation Silence**) was a conflict centering around the Lal Masjid mosque and madrasah complex in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, that was besieged from July 3 to July 11, 2007.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Siege of Lal Masjid
- **partof**: the War in North-West Pakistan and the War on Terror
- **image**: LalMasjid1972.png
- **caption**: Lal Masjid in 1972
- **place**: Lal Masjid, Islamabad, Pakistan
- **casus**: Ransacking and burning of Ministry of Environment building in Islamabad by Red Mosque students.
- **date**: 3–11 July 2007
()
- **result**: Government victory
- **combatant1**: Government of Pakistan
- **combatant2**: Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic fundamentalist militia
- **commander1**: *  Pervez Musharraf
*  Shaukat Aziz
*  Tariq Majid
*  Haroon Islam
- **units1**: *  Pakistan Armed Forces
**
*** 111th Brigade
***  Special Service Group
*
** Pakistan Rangers
*** Punjab Rangers
- **units2**: Local militia militants
- **strength1**: 164 Special Service Group commandos
- **strength2**: 100 militia members
- **casualties1**: 11 killed
44 wounded
- **casualties2**: 91 killed
50 captured
- **casualties3**: 204 civilians injured
Mai Kuraki

**Mai Kuraki** (born October 28, 1982 in Funabashi, Chiba) is a Japanese female pop and R&B singer.
Her father is the movie director, Isomi Yamasaki.
She appeared in her father's movies in her childhood.

She started her singing career in 1999 when she was 17 years old. Her first single was "Love, Day After Tomorrow". It became a bestseller.
Her first album “delicious way” sold 35 million records.
After graduating Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto in 2005, she has concentrated on musical activities.

Kuraki writes her own lyrics most of the time, but she does not compose (write) the music. She gets music from composers. “Cybersound” in Boston often does the arrangements.

She was influenced by Michael Jackson.
Saint Mesrob

**Saint Mesrop Mashtots** (also Mesrob, Mashtotz, , 360 - February 17, 440) was an Armenian Christian monk. He invented the Armenian alphabet in the year 406. He was a theologian and linguist. This invention was a basic and important step in strengthening three things for the Armenian identity: the Armenian Church, the government of the Armenian Kingdom, and connections between the Armenian Kingdom and Armenians living in the Byzantine and Iranian Empires.  He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet  AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity. He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and Georgian alphabets by some scholars.

## Movies

- 1988: _Mesrop Mashtots_ Film documentary Armenfilm 35mm, color () Director Levon Mkrtchyan,script by Artashes Martirosyan,the composer Sarkis Alajajyan,narration by Sos Sargisyan.
Ashlee Simpson

**Ashlee Simpson** (born October 3, 1984) is an American pop rock singer, songwriter, actress, and dancer. She is the younger sister of pop singer Jessica Simpson. Ashlee started dancing at the age of 4 and by the time she was 11 enjoyed the status of being the youngest person ever admitted to the prestigious School of American Ballet. In 1999, when she was 14 years old, she moved to Los Angeles with her family for her sister's career and instantly began her own career by working as a backup dancer for Jessica.

Ashlee's first album, _Autobiography_, was released in 2004. She also starred in her own reality series _The Ashlee Simpson Show_. Simpson was criticized when she used a pre-recorded vocal track for a performance on _Saturday Night Live_ in October 2004. Simpson released another album in 2005 called _I Am Me_. In May 2008, Ashlee married Pete Wentz, from the band Fall Out Boy. Their son, Bronx Mowgli, was born in November 2008. In February 2011, Simpson-Wentz filed for divorce. On October 29, 2020, she gave birth to another son named Ziggy Blu.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ashlee Simpson
- **image**: Ashlee Simpson 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Simpson at the opening of Marquee nightclub at The Star in Sydney, Australia, April 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Ashlee Nicole Simpson
- **alias**: Ashlee Simpson-Wentz
- **birth place**: Waco, Texas, U.S.
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, pop rock
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, actress, dancer
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **label**: Geffen Records, Geffen
- **website**: [http://www.ashleesimpsonmusic.com Official website]
Providence

**Providence** may mean:

## Entertainment

- _Providence_ (1977 movie), a French/Swiss film
- _Providence_ (1991 movie), an American/Canadian film starring Keanu Reeves
- Providence (band), 1970s-era American band
- _Providence_ (TV series), an 1999–2002 NBC television series starring Melina Kanakaredes
- Providence (Wildstorm) is a fictional comic book character, part of the Wildstorm comic company
- Providence (comics) is a fictional island, part of the Marvel Comics company
- _Outside Providence_, a 1988 book and 1999 film by Peter Farrelly
- "Providence", a Sonic Youth song that appears on their 1988 album _Daydream Nation_
- _Providence_, a novel by Geoffrey Wolff

## Organizations

- Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Providence College and Theological Seminary, Otterburne, Manitoba, Canada
- Providence Health & Services, an American health care system which runs hospitals in Oregon, Washington, Montana, California, and Alaska
- Providence Health Care, operator of health care facilities in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Providence Health Care Centre, a Toronto, Ontario, Canada health care facility, specializing in rehabilitation

### In the United States

- Providence, Alabama
- Providence, Kentucky
- Providence, New York
- Providence (Caswell County), North Carolina
- Providence (Granville County), North Carolina
- Providence (McDowell County), North Carolina
- Providence (Mecklenburg County), North Carolina
- Providence, Rhode Island, the largest and best-known city with this name
- Providence, Utah
- Providence County, Rhode Island
- Providence, Ohio

### Other places

- Providence Atoll in the Republic of Seychelles
- Providence Island of the Republic of Colombia

## Religion

- Divine Providence, by the influence of God
- Providence Ministries, a Progressive Southern Gospel group based in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States
- Providence Ministries, a Dalton Georgia Christian outreach program.
- Providence (religion) the name of Jung Myung Seok's new religious movement.
- The Sisters of Providence are an international order of Roman Catholic sisters headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and founded in 1843 by Mother Emilie Gamelin.

## Other

- USS _Providence_
Airbus A340

The **Airbus A340** is a long-range four-engined widebody commercial passenger airplane manufactured by Airbus S.A.S. a subsidiary of EADS. It is similar in design to the twin-engined A330.

There are 4 variants of this model:
The A340-200 (which is the shortest), the A340-300, the A340-500 and the longest one the A340-600. The A340-600 is one of the longest passenger planes in the world.

Having four engines, the A340 uses more fuel than many other aircrafts. However, that also mean it does not have to pass the ETOPS (extended range twin operations) test to fly long range.

The Airbus A340 is no longer in production as it was replaced by the more efficient Airbus A350 XWB.

The Airbus A340 is well known for being very safe, only having six hull losses.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Airbus A340
- **logo**: Logo Airbus A340.svg
- **image**: Swiss A340-300(HB-JMN) (5441628490).jpg


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Wide-Body Jet airliner
- **national origin**: Multi-country origin
- **manufacturer**: Airbus
- **first flight**: 25 October 1991
- **introduction**: 15 March 1993 with Lufthansa
- **status**: Not made anymore, but still used by airlines
- **primary user**: Lufthansa
- **more users**: Iberia (airline), Iberia
Virgin Atlantic
South African Airways
- **produced**: 1993-2011
- **number built**: 377
- **unit cost**: A340-200: US$191 million (2022)
A340-300: US$286.7 million (2022)
A340-500: US$315.4 million (2022)
A340-600: US$331.7 million (2022)
- **developed from**: Airbus A300
- **variants with their own articles**: Airbus A330
- **developed into**: Airbus A350 XWB
Autonomic nervous system

The **autonomic nervous system** (ANS) controls the conditions inside the body. It is sometimes called the 'visceral nervous system' or 'involuntary nervous system'. The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system.

ANS controls all automatic actions. That means that it controls all reflexes and actions during sleep.

Most of its activities are done without the person having conscious control over them. The person usually cannot feel what the ANS is doing. However, some of the ANS's activities work together with the conscious mind, like breathing.

The ANS controls many different things, like heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, the discharge of urine, and erection.

There are two different sections within the ANS:
- The sympathetic nervous system, which causes the body to become more active as in the "fight or flight" response. The sympathetic nervous system uses a lot of energy.
- The parasympathetic nervous system, which is mostly involved in "rest and digest". It usually conserves energy.

## Other websites

- Overview at arizona.edu
- ANS Medical Notes on rahulgladwin.com
- Explanations on the ANS by Dyansys, Inc.

## Further reading

- Michael D. Gershon 1998. _The second brain_. HarperCollins, New York.
Peripheral nervous system

The **peripheral nervous system**, or **PNS**, is part of the nervous system. It consists of the nerves and ganglia which are outside the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). The main function of the PNS is to connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the  limbs and organs.

The PNS is not protected by bone like the central nervous system. Therefore it is exposed to toxins and mechanical injuries. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). But the enteric nervous system (ENS) can be seen as a third branch of its own and not as part of the autonomic nervous system.

- The SNS coordinates your body's movement, receiving external stimuli, and regulates everything under conscious control.
- The ANS controls all automatic actions. That means that it controls all reflexes and actions during sleep.
- The ENS controls the gastrointestinal system.
IKEA

**IKEA** is a multinational furniture company that was founded by Ingvar Kamprad, from Sweden. The name IKEA is an acronym from the name **I**ngvar **K**amprad, **E**lmtaryd (the farm where he grew up), and **A**gunnaryd (his hometown in Småland, southern Sweden).

## History

The company was started in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad (1926-2018) when he was seventeen years old as a mostly mail-order sales business. From the beginning, the company was selling items such as pens, picture frames, clocks, jewellery, nylon stocking, wallets and whatnot. After an order, Kamprad would often deliver it himself. By 1947 it started selling furniture and by 1958 the first IKEA store was opened in Älmhult, Småland. The first stores outside Sweden were opened in Norway (1963) and Denmark (1969). The stores spread to other parts of Europe in the 1970s, with the first store outside Scandinavia opening in Switzerland (1973), followed by West Germany (1974).

## Other websites

- www.IKEA.se

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Inter IKEA Systems B.V.
- **logo**: Ikea logo.svg
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **industry**: Retail
- **foundation**: in Sweden
- **founder**: Ingvar Kamprad
- **revenue**: €41.3 billion ()
- **hq location**: Delft, Delft, Netherlands
- **num locations**: 445 (2021)
- **area served**: Europe, Middle East, North Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania, North America
- **products**: Ready-to-assemble furniture, homeware, food products
- **homepage**:

Retail page
Central nervous system

The **central nervous system** (**CNS**) is the largest part of the nervous system. It is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has an important role in the control of behaviour. The CNS is protected by bone in the dorsal cavity: the brain in the cranial subcavity, and the spinal cord in the spinal canal.

- See also: Vertebrate brain

## Parts of the vertebrate CNS

|colspan="83"|Spinal cord||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Brain|Brain stem|Rhombencephalon||Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla oblongata|
|Mesencephalon||Tectum, Cerebral peduncle, Pretectum, Mesencephalic duct|||
|Prosencephalon|Diencephalon||Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Third ventricle||
|Telencephalon||Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Neocortex, Lateral ventricles|||

## Other websites

- Sylvius: 400+ structure neuroanatomical visual glossary; used by over half of U.S. medical schools
- High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases
- Human Brains: A Learning Tool .
- Explaining the human nervous system .
- Nervous System - Back Pain - Anatomy (info on nerve pairs) .
- Textbook in Medical Physiology And Pathophysiology, many links
- Brain and Cranial Nerves, Anatomy and Physiology Lecture, Northland Community College
- Latest Research on the Brain and Central Nervous System From ScienceDaily
Spinal cord

The **spinal cord** is a bundle of nerves that go to and from the brain. It is enclosed in and protected by the bony vertebral column. The main function of the spinal cord is transmission of neural inputs between the periphery and the brain.

## Spinal cord segments

Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column. The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening _between_ adjacent vertebrae. Outside the vertebral column, the nerve divides into branches.

The nerves for incoming sensory information are bundled separately from nerves for outgoing motor instructions for muscles. The system serves the autonomic nervous system as well as the motor activities which we control consciously.

## Other websites

- Spinal Cord Histology  - A multitude of great Images from the University of Cincinnati
- Spinal Cord Medical Notes  - Online medical notes on the Spinal Cord
- eMedicine: Spinal Cord, Topographical and Functional Anatomy
- WebMD. May 17, 2005. Spina Bifida - Topic Overview  Information about Spina Bifida in fetuses and throughout adulthood. WebMD children's health. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
- Spinal cord -Citizendium
Danny Saucedo

**Danny Saucedo** (born **Daniel Gabriel Alessandro Saucedo Grzechowski** on 25 February 1986 in Stockholm, Stockholms Län, Sweden) is a Swedish singer who competed as one of the finalists in **Pop Idol** — the Swedish version of **Idol**. His two songs charted on the official Swedish singles chart. '"Öppna Din Dörr"' (Tommy Nilsson cover) peaked at No. 24 in 2006 and _Tokyo_ (credit to Danny) was two weeks at No. 1 in 2007.
Daniel Lindström

**Daniel Lindström** (born January 30, 1978) is a Swedish singer from Umeå. He won the Swedish Idol 2004 contest against Darin Zanyar. His first single, "Coming True", sold double platinum. His self-titled album, released in December 2004, was at the top of the Swedish pop charts. The new album _Nån slags verklighet_ (_Some kind of reality_) contains songs written in Swedish by the singer himself. Daniel Lindström was the first winner of the Swedish Idol series.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Daniel Lindström
- **image**: Daniel Lindström at the National Day celebrations 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Daniel Lindström in 2009. Photo by Bengt Nyman.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Daniel Lindström
- **origin**: Umeå, Sweden
- **instrument**: Singing
- **genre**: pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **label**: Sony BMG <small>(2004–2007)</small>
LaLuff Records <small>(2007–Present)</small>
- **website**: [http://www.daniellindstrom.se/ Official website]
Destiny's Child

**Destiny's Child** was a three-time Grammy Award-winning American R&B girl group. They were founded in Houston, Texas. They formed in 1997. Originally a quartet called Girl's Tyme, the group eventually became a trio whose members were Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, and Michelle Williams. According to the World Music Awards, Destiny's Child is the best selling female group of all time. On June 12, 2005, they announced on tour in Barcelona that they would no longer be performing together, but pursuing individual careers in music, theatre, television and film.

They disbanded in 2006. Destiny's Child has sold in total 130 million worldwide including albums, video albums and singles; its leader Beyoncé as a solo artist has sold over 250 million records ; Kelly Rowland has sold as a solo artist 60 million records worldwide.
With Michelle Williams as the lineup Destiny's Child sold more than 45 million records. They have reunited at various Beyoncé performances including Super Bowl, and Coachella.

### 1998-2000

Destiny's Child released their first album, _Destiny's Child_, in 1998. Their second album _The Writing's on the Wall_ was released in 1999. It was the band's last album with four members.

### 2001-2003

In 2001 _Survivor_ was released. All of the album's four singles reached number one.

### 2004-2005

The band released their last album _Destiny Fulfilled_ in 2004. Four singles were released from the album.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Destiny's Child
- **image**: Destiny's Child (Beyonce, Kelly, Michelle).png
- **caption**: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams (singer), Michelle Williams (From left to right)
- **landscape**: yes
- **alias**: Girl's Tyme
- **background**: group_or_band
- **years active**: 1990–2006
Pop Idol

***Pop Idol*** was a British television series that was first shown on ITV on October 5, 2001. The show was a talent contest to decide the best new young pop singer, or 'pop idol', in the United Kingdom, based on viewer voting and participation. There were two series of _Pop Idol_. The first was from October 2001 - February 2002. The winner was  Will Young; the runner-up was Gareth Gates. The second series was in 2003. It was won by Michelle McManus.

The _Idol_ series has become an international franchise. It has spun off many successful shows such as _Idol_, _American Idol_, _Canadian Idol_, _Australian Idol_, _Idols West Africa_, _Indian Idol_, _Indonesian Idol_, _New Zealand Idol_, _Philippine Idol_, _Pinoy Idol_, Hay superstar, _Nouvelle Star_, _Deutschland sucht den SuperStar_, _Singapore Idol_, _Malaysian Idol_, _Music Idol_, _Idols South Africa_, _Ídolos Brazil_, _Ídolos Portugal_, and others. It also had a world version named World Idol.
Rachel Smith

**Rachel Renee Smith** (born April 18, 1985 in Panama) is a beauty queen from Clarksville, Tennessee. She won the Miss USA contest in 2007. She had previously competed in the Miss Teen USA contest. She represented the USA in the Miss Universe pageant in 2007.

## Early life

Smith was born on a U.S. Army base in Panama. She lived in Clarksville, TN after her parents were stationed at Fort Campbell. She attended Clarksville Academy and graduated from Davidson Academy for high school.

Smith graduated _magna cum laude_ from Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee in 2006 with a Bachelor of Science in journalism. Smith graduated a semester early, in December 2006. She received a full tuition scholarship to attend Belmont due to her community service activities and academic achievements throughout high school. While she was at Belmont, she interned for eight months with Chicago-based Harpo Productions, a company owned by Oprah Winfrey. In January 2007, it was announced that she had been chosen by Winfrey to volunteer for one month at her Leadership Academy for Girls.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rachel Smith
- **title**: Miss Tennessee Teen USA 2002
 Miss Tennessee USA 2007
 Miss USA 2007
- **nationalcompetition**: Miss Tennessee Teen USA 2002
 (Winner)
 Miss Teen USA 2002
 (Top 10)
 Miss Tennessee USA 2007
 (Winner)
 Miss USA 2007
 (Winner)
 Miss Universe 2007
 (4th runner-up)
- **birth place**: Panama City, Panama
- **image**: RachelSmith-MissUSA-headshot.jpg
- **caption**: Rachel Smith at Miss USA 2007
- **birth name**: Rachel Renee Smith
- **height**: 180 cm
- **agency**: Greenwood Productions (State Titles)
 Miss Universe Organization (National Title)
Natalie Glebova

**Natalie Glebova**, (born November 11, 1981) is a Russian Canadian beauty queen. She held the title Miss Universe 2005.

## Other websites

- new official web site by Natalie Glebova
- Healthy Happy Beautiful - Book by Natalie Glebova
- Natalie Glebova - Magazines Gallery
Michelle Williams (singer)

**Tenitra Michelle Williams** (born July 23, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She was a background singer for Monica, before rising to fame as part of the successful Grammy Award-winning R&B girl group Destiny's Child, the world's best-selling female group of all time, selling over 100 million records worldwide.

Williams played the character Shug Avery in the play _The Color Purple_. She was a contestant in the 2010 series of British reality television show _Strictly Come Dancing_.

In 2013, she made a return to inspirational music with the lead single, _If We Had Your Eyes_ from her upcoming fourth studio album titled _Journey to Freedom_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Michelle Williams
- **img**: Michelle Williams 2015.jpg
- **img capt**: Williams in 2015
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Tenitra Michelle Williams
- **birth place**: Rockford, Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, United States
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, record producer, actress
- **years active**: 1998–present
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia, Music World Entertainment <small>(2001-January 2010)</small>
- **associated acts**: Destiny's Child
Simon Cowell

**Simon Phillip Cowell** (born 7 October 1959) is a British businessperson, entrepreneur, record executive and television personality. Simon Cowell is the A&R executive for Syco in the United Kingdom and the son of estate agent and music industry executive Eric Cowell Sr. and socialite Julie Brett. He was born in Lambeth, London and raised in Elstree, Hertfordshire. He is well known as a judge on television programmes _Pop Idol_, _The X Factor_, _American Idol_ and _Britain's Got Talent_. On these shows, Simon Cowell is known for saying that most of the contestants on the shows are not talented. He is known for joining activities in the television and music industries, having made singles and records for many performers. Cowell has launched the careers of several musical artists, most notably One Direction.

Although Simon Cowell says he has not voted in elections, he supported the Conservative Party in 2010. He is of Jewish heritage (his paternal grandmother was Polish-Jewish).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Simon Cowell
- **image**: Simon Cowell in December 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Simon Cowell in 2011
- **birth name**: Simon Philip Cowell
- **birth place**: Lambeth, London, England, UK
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Businessperson, Entrepreneur, Record executive, Television personality
- **years active**: 1980 - present
- **children**: 1
- **parents**: Eric Cowell, Sr.
 Julie Brett
- **relatives**: Nicholas Cowell (brother)
Tony Cowell (half-brother)
Tengwar

**Tengwar** is a constructed writing system, invented by J. R. R. Tolkien. The tengwar is used in his fictional world Middle-earth, for example the book _The Lord of the Rings_.
In the Quenya language, _tengwar_ means "letters", _tengwa_ is the singular and means "letter".

The tengwar are used to write some of Tolkien's constructed languages, like for example the elven languages Quenya and Sindarin. But Tolkien used the tengwar mostly for writing English. Because the tengwar is an alphabet, it can be used to write almost any language.

## History

In the late 1910s, J. R. R. Tolkien developed the script _Sarati_, which was  already a bit similar to tengwar. The tengwar were probably developed in the late 1920s or in the early 1930s. The first published sample of tengwar writing was 1937 in _The Hobbit_, to so-called _The Lonely Mountain Jar Inscription_. The full explanation of the tengwar was published in 1955 in Appendix E of _The Lord of the Rings_.

## Modes and sounds

The tengwar have a certain order, and are usually shown in a table/chart. They are sorted by how they look, which is also connected to how they sound. Because it is an alphabet, every tengwa means a sound. The main tengwar letters are placed into four vertical series (_témar_) and six horizontal rows (_tyeller_).

There are different ways to write with tengwar, which are called "modes". Between these modes there are differences, sometimes only a few and sometimes many differences. In different modes, the tengwar sometimes mean different sounds. In some modes the tengwar are used for vowels and consonants; and in other modes the tengwar are only used for the consonants, and the vowels are marked by signs above or below the tengwa, as in abugida writing. These vowel signs are called ***tehtar*** ("signs"; singular: _tehta_, "sign").
There are different modes to write the different Middle-earth languages. People have also made new modes to write English and other modern languages with the tengwar.

The tengwar is written in a table/chart with the way the letters sound. For example, if the sound comes from the front of the mouth it is in 1 row. Each column is for the sounds that come from the nose, throat, or lips.

## Use

Tolkien used the tengwar to write texts for his fictional world Middle-earth and other things. He used it to write in the languages he invented (for example Quenya and Sindarin), but also used the tengwar to write English.

After Tolkien's Middle-earth books became famous, people also got interest in his languages and writing scripts. The tengwar are used by fans to write new things, or to re-write existing texts with tengwar.

## Related pages

- J. R. R. Tolkien
- Middle-earth
Petros Duryan

**Petros Duryan** (1851-1872) an Armenian poet and actor. His father was an blacksmith in Istanbul. He died of Tuberculosis at the age of 21.

## Other websites

- Petros Duryan at ArmenianHouse.org
Adriana Lima

**Adriana Lima** (born June 12, 1981) is a Brazilian supermodel. She is well known for her work with underwear company Victoria's Secret.

## Early life and family

Adriana Lima was born in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil on June 12, 1981 and is an only child to her parents Nelson Torres and Maria da Graça Lima, a social worker.

When she was 6 months old, her father left her and her mother. She has not talked to him since then. Since 2007 she has been trying to meet with him again.

She is married to Serbian basketball player Marko Jarić, and they have two daughters. In early 2014, the couple announced that they have separated.

## Other websites

- DNA models
- Adrianazone.com

## Infobox (model)

- **name**: Adriana Lima
- **image**: Adriana Lima 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg
- **caption**: Adriana Lima in 2019
- **birth place**: Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- **nationality**: Brazilian
- **occupation**: Model
- **haircolor**: Dark Brown
- **eyecolor**: Blue
- **children**: 3
Prosencephalon

The **prosencephalon** (or **forebrain**), the mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain of vertebrates. They develop very early during development of the central nervous system.

When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly.

## Other websites

- Sylvius: 400+ structure neuroanatomical visual glossary; used by over half of U.S. medical schools
- High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases

## Infobox (brain)

- **name**: Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
- **image**: EmbryonicBrain.svg
- **caption**: Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures.
Gag

A **gag** is any thing used to stop a person from speaking. This is done by blocking or muffling the person's mouth and making it difficult for them to move their jaw and tongue in a normal way.

Gags are very commonly seen in BDSM and bondage fantasy. Many different items can be used, ranging from a hand simply clamped over the victim's mouth, to a scarf tied between the jaws, to adhesive tape placed over the mouth and face to seal the lips. There are also many kinds of specially-made gags, which usually strap around or behind the head. Special gags of that kind are usually made from leather or rubber.

In real life it is quite difficult to gag a person in such a way that their speech cannot be understood at all, and it is almost impossible to prevent a gagged person from making some kind of sound. It is also a risk to the person's safety, as the more tightly and securely someone is gagged, the greater the risk that they will choke or suffocate.
Stepchild

**Stepchild** could mean:
- The daughter or son in a stepfamily
- "Stepchild", a song by Solomon Burke from his 2002 album _Don't Give Up on Me_
- "Stepchild", a song by Billie Jo Spears from her 1969 album _Miss Sincerity_
Meänkieli dialects

**Meänkieli** (also known as _Tornedalian_, meaning "our language") is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in the River Torne valley in the north of Sweden, above the Arctic Circle. It is an official minority language of Sweden. The language could be seen as a mix between Finnish and Swedish, since it has been changed a lot by Swedish.

For many years, Swedish was the only language to be taught in the schools of the Torne Valley. The population became bilingual. They spoke both Finnish and Swedish, but they were mostly only able to write in Swedish. Today many people in the younger generations only speak Swedish. Since 1999, Meänkieli has been an official minority language of Sweden.

Since there are no Swedish statistics of the population's native languages, it is not known how many Meänkieli speakers there are. Taking statistics is also a bit controversial, as many people consider the language to be a dialect of Finnish.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Meänkieli
- **nativename**: meänkieli
- **states**: Sweden, Finland
- **region**: Torne Valley
- **speakers**: 60,000
- **date**: 1997–2009
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Uralic
- **fam2**: Finnic languages, Finnic
- **fam3**: Finnish language, Finnish
- **minority**: Minority languages of Sweden, Sweden
- **iso3**: fit
- **glotto**: torn1244
- **glottorefname**: Tornedalen Finnish
Joan Rivers

**Joan Alexandra Molinsky** (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), known professionally as **Joan Rivers**, was a comedian, talk show host, businesswoman, and celebrity. She was known for her tough manner and loud voice with a heavy New York accent. She was the National Chairwoman of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and was a board member of God's Love We Deliver. She won an Emmy Award in 1990.

## Personal life

Rivers was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She was raised in Larchmont, New York. Rivers studied at Connecticut College and at Barnard College. Similar to how Phyllis Diller career began, Rivers' comedy act was mainly about bad things about herself.

A friend of Nancy and President Ronald Reagan, Rivers attended a state dinner in 1983, and later, at the invitation of Nancy, spoke at luncheon at the 1984 Republican National Convention.

She was married to James Sanger for a few months in 1955 before their marriage was annulled. She was married to Edgar Rosenberg from 1965 until his suicide in 1987. Rivers and Rosenberg had a daughter, Melissa Rivers.

On the morning of August 28, 2014, Rivers was rushed to the hospital after suffering from cardiac arrest during surgery on her throat in New York City. She was put on life support and was in a medically induced coma.

Rivers died on September 4, 2014, at the age of 81 from heart failure caused by respiratory and cardiac arrest. Her burial is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

## Other websites

- Official website
Melissa Rivers

**Melissa Rivers** (born **Melissa Warburg Rosenberg**; January 20, 1968) is an American television co-host for fashion and red carpet interviews on cable and satellite television. She is a former host of the E! cable network. She also worked for a TV Guide channel with her mother, comedian Joan Rivers.
Teri Hatcher

**Teri Lynn Hatcher** (born December 8, 1964) is an Emmy-nominated and Golden Globe Award-winning American actress and author. She gained attention for her role as Lois Lane in the television series _Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman_ co-starring with Dean Cain. Hatcher is also well known for portraying Susan Mayer, in _Desperate Housewives_, an accident-prone divorcee. She is also a "Bond Girl", having played Paris Carver in _Tomorrow Never Dies_ in 1997.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Teri Hatcher
- **image**: Teri Hatcher cropped.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Teri Hatcher 1995
- **birthname**: Teri Lynn Hatcher
- **birth place**: Palto Alto, California, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
 Writer
Presenter
 Cheerleader
- **children**: Emerson Rose
- **parents**: Owen Walker Hatcher
 Esther He
- **spouse**: Marcus Leithold (1988–1989)
 Jon Tenney (1994–2003)
- **alma mater**: De Anza College
 American Conservatory Theater
Felicity Huffman

**Felicity Huffman** (born December 9, 1962) is an Academy Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning American movie and television actress and convicted felon. She is well known for her role as Lynette Scavo, a busy mother on the ABC television show _Desperate Housewives_. A year later, her role as a trans woman in the independent film _Transamerica_ was praised by many critics and earned her a Golden Globe Award.

## Personal life

Huffman dated actor William H. Macy on and off for 15 years before they married on September 6, 1997. They have three children, Sophia, Georgia and James. She has appeared on television, in movies, and on stage many times with her husband; the couple each received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 7, 2012.

On March 12, 2019, Huffman was arrested in connection with an alleged nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal, charged with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud, and released on $250,000 bail. She reported to prison and began her sentence on October 15, 2019. She was released from prison on October 25, 2019.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Felicity Huffman
- **image**: FelicityHuffmanHWoFMar2012.jpg
- **caption**: Huffman on March 7, 2012 receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
- **birth name**: Felicity Kendall Huffman
- **birth place**: Bedford (town), New York, Bedford, New York, U.S.
- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Actress
- **criminal status**: On supervised release
Marcia Cross

**Marcia Anne Cross** (born March 25, 1962 in Marlborough, Massachusetts) is an Emmy and Golden Globe Award-nominated American actress. She graduated from Juilliard and earned a master's degree in psychology at Antioch University in Los Angeles. In 2005, she was nominated for her first Emmy for her work as Bree Hodge, the "perfect" Housewife on _Desperate Housewives_. In December 2006, Cross earned her third consecutive nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Comedy Series with the series.

In June 2019, Cross revealed that she suffered from anal cancer, and was now in remission.
Nicollette Sheridan

**Nicollette Sheridan** (born **Colette Sheridan** on 21 November 1963) is a Golden Globe nominated British actress. She was born in Worthing, Sussex. In 1973, when Nicollette Sheridan was 10 years of age, she moved from England to the United States.

She acts primarily on soap operas, movies and television. She is best known for her roles as **Paige Matheson** on _Knots Landing_ and as the promiscuous **Edie Britt** on _Desperate Housewives_.

Sheridan has also worked as a voice actor in the animated series ‘The Legend of Tarzan’ (2001), ‘Fly Me to the Moon’ (2008), and ‘Noah’s Ark: The New Beginning’ (as ‘Zenna,’ 2012). After appearing in ‘Hallmark Channel’s 2011 movie ‘Honeymoon for One,’ she co-produced and starred in their next film, ‘The Christmas Spirit’ (2013).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nicollette Sheridan
- **image**: Nicollette Sheridan at the Beowulf premiere.jpg
- **caption**: Sheridan at the premiere of the film _Beowulf (2007 film), Beowulf_ on 6 November 2007
- **birth place**: Worthing, Sussex, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1984–present
Contiki

**Contiki** is a small, open source free operating system.  It was developed to be used in 8-bit computers and embedded systems.  It has a Graphical User Interface and the full installation needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM.

The name _Contiki_ comes from Thor Heyerdahl's famous Kon-Tiki raft.

The basic kernel and most of the core functions were developed by Adam Dunkels at the Networked Embedded Systems group at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science.

## Features

A full installation of Contiki includes the following features:
- Multitasking kernel
- Optional per-application pre-emptive multithreading
- Protothreads
- TCP/IP networking
- Windowing system and GUI
- Networked remote display using Virtual Network Computing
- A web browser (claimed to be the world's smallest)
- Personal web server
- Simple telnet client
- Screensaver

More applications planned include:
- an email program
- an Internet Relay Chat client

## Ports

The Contiki operating system has been or is being ported to the following systems:
- Computers:
    - Apple II family*
    - Atari 8-bit*
    - Atari ST
    - Atari Portfolio
    - Casio Pocketview
    - Commodore PET*
    - Commodore VIC 20*
    - Commodore 64*
    - Commodore 128*
    - GP32
    - PC-6001
    - Sharp Wizard
    - x86-based Unix-like systems, on top of GTK+ as well as directly using the X Window System
 cc65 based development
- Video game consoles:
    - PC Engine
    - Sega Dreamcast
    - Sony PlayStation
- Handheld game consoles:
    - Nintendo Game Boy
    - Nintendo Game Boy Advance
- Microcontrollers:
    - Atmel AVR
    - TI MSP430
Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland

**Princess Madeleine of Sweden, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland**, (Madeleine Thérèse Amélie Joséphine; born on 10 June 1982 in Drottningholm, Sweden), is a Swedish princess. She is the youngest child and second daughter of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden. Madeleine is seventh in line to the Swedish throne.

Princess Madeleine is married to British financier Christopher O'Neill. The couple has three children, Princess Leonore, Prince Nicolas, and Princess Adrienne.

## Early life

Princess Madeleine was born on 10 June 1982 at 19.05 Central European Time in the Drottningholm Palace in Drottningholm, Sweden. Her fourth name, _Josephine_, honours her ancestor Josephine of Leuchtenberg.

Forbes Magazine ranked Madeleine at 12th place on its "20 Hottest Young Royals" list in 2008.

## Other websites

- The Royal Court of Sweden: Princess Madeleine

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Madeleine
- **title**: Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
- **caption**: Princess Madeleine in 2025
- **birth place**: Drottningholm Palace, Drottningholm, Sweden
- **full name**: Madeleine Thérèse Amelie Josephine
- **house**: House of Bernadotte, Bernadotte
- **father**: Carl XVI Gustaf
- **mother**: Queen Silvia of Sweden, Queen Silvia
- **religion**: Church of Sweden
Queen Silvia of Sweden

**Queen Silvia** (born **Silvia Renate Sommerlath**; 3 December 1943) is the Queen of Sweden through her marriage to King Carl XVI Gustaf, and the mother of Princess Victoria. Her father was German and her mother was Brazilian. Silvia was born in Heidelberg.

She also make efforts for charitable organizations, human rights, and sign language, and opposes child sexual abuse and child pornography.

## Children

Queen Silvia has three children.
- Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
- Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
- Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland

## Titles

19 June 1976 _Her  Majesty  The Queen_ of Sweden

## Infobox (royalty)

- **consort**: yes
- **name**: Silvia
- **succession**: Monarchy of Sweden, Quuen consort of Sweden
- **caption**: Queen Silvia in 2025
- **reign**: 19 June 1976 – present
- **issue**: * Crown Princess Victoria
* Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland, Prince Carl Philip
* Princess Madeleine of Sweden, Princess Madeleine
- **birth name**: Silvia Renate Sommerlath
- **father**: Walther Sommerlath
- **mother**: Alice Soares de Toledo
- **birth place**: Heidelberg, Nazi Germany, Germany
- **religion**: Church of Sweden
- **signature**: Signature of Queen Silvia of Sweden.png
Hermeskeil

**Hermeskeil** is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
About 5,000 people live there.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Hermeskeil.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Hermeskeil COA.svg
- **image plan**: Hermeskeil in TR.svg
- **state**: Rheinland-Pfalz
- **district**: Trier-Saarburg
- **verbandsgemeinde**: Hermeskeil
- **elevation**: 540
- **area**: 30.85
- **population**: 5698
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 54411
- **area code**: 06503
- **licence**: TR
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 07 2 35 045
- **divisions**: 3
- **mayor**: Mathias Queck
- **party**: CDU
Reinsfeld

**Reinsfeld** is a village in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
About 2,000 people live there.
Hunsrück

The **Hunsrück** is a low mountain range in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

It is bounded by the river valleys of the Moselle (north), the Nahe (south), and the Rhine (east). The Hunsrück is continued by the Taunus mountains on the eastern side of the Rhine. In the north behind the Moselle it is continued by the Eifel. To the south of the Nahe, there is the Palatinate.

Many of the hills are not higher than 400 m. But there are several chains of higher peaks within the Hunsrück, all bearing names on their own: the **(Schwarzwälder) Hochwald**, the **Idarwald**, the **Soonwald**, and the **Binger Wald**. The highest peak is the **Erbeskopf** (816 m).

Towns in the Hunsrück include Simmern, Kirchberg, and Idar-Oberstein, Kastellaun, and Morbach.  Frankfurt-Hahn Airport, a growing low-fare carrier and cargo airport is there as well.

The climate in the Hunsrück is characterised by rainy weather. Slate is mined in the mountains.

The German TV drama trilogy _Heimat_, directed by Edgar Reitz, examined the 20th-century life of a small fictional village in the Hunsrück.

## Other websites

- Photos of HEIMAT- und HEIMAT3 - film locations at Hunsrück/Germany
Kentwood, Louisiana

**Kentwood** is a small town in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana near the Mississippi border. The population was 2,145 at the 2020 census. It is best known as the hometown of singer Britney Spears.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kentwood, Louisiana
- **official name**: Town of Kentwood
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: 2015-05-07_Kentwood_Day_of_Prayer_landscape_DSC_0216.jpg
- **image caption**: Kentwood residents observe a noontide Day of Prayer in front of the Town Hall in 2015
- **motto**: "The Foyer of Louisiana"
- **image map**: File:Tangipahoa Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Kentwood Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Kentwood in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana.
- **image map1**: Louisiana in United States (US48).svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Louisiana in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Louisiana
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, Tangipahoa
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1893
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 18.42
- **area total sq mi**: 7.11
- **area land km2**: 18.42
- **area land sq mi**: 7.11
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 225
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2145
- **population density km2**: 116.48
- **population density sq mi**: 301.69
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: −06:00
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −05:00
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 70444
- **area code**: Area code 985, 985
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-39545
- **blank2 name sec2**: Wikimedia Commons