juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fatih Terim

**Fatih Terim** (born 4 September 1953) is a Turkish football manager. He managed the Turkey national football team from 2013 to 2017.
He has been the manager of Galatasaray S.K. since 2017.

## Club career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|Adana Demirspor|1973–74|28|2|-|-|-|-|-|-|28|2||
|rowspan="12"|Galatasaray|1974–75|30|2|-|-|3|0|-|-|33|2||
|1975–76|30|3|8|1|4|1|4|0|46|5||||
|1976–77|29|2|2|0|-|-|-|-|31|2||||
|1977–78|29|2|5|0|2|0|-|-|36|2||||
|1978–79|27|2|2|2|3|1|2|1|34|6||||
|1979–80|30|2|10|0|2|0|2|0|44|2||||
|1980–81|27|2|6|0|1|0|-|-|34|2||||
|1981–82|28|0|9|1|3|0|-|-|40|1||||
|1982–83|29|1|2|0|2|1|-|-|33|2||||
|1983–84|28|0|5|0|2|0|-|-|35|0||||
|1984–85|30|0|8|3|3|0|-|-|41|3||||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Fatih Terim
- **image**: AUT vs. TUR 2016-03-29 (177).jpg
- **fullname**: Fatih Terim
- **birth place**: Adana, Turkey
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **currentclub**: Turkey national football team, Turkey (manager)
- **youthyears1**: 1963–1969
- **youthclubs1**: Adana Demirspor
- **years1**: 1969–1974
- **clubs1**: Adana Demirspor
- **caps1**: 125
- **goals1**: 25
- **years2**: 1974–1985
- **clubs2**: Galatasaray S.K., Galatasaray
- **caps2**: 327
- **goals2**: 16
- **totalcaps**: 452
- **totalgoals**: 41
- **nationalyears1**: 1971
- **nationalteam1**: Turkey national under-19 football team, Turkey U19
- **nationalcaps1**: 7
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1973–1975
- **nationalteam2**: Turkey national under-21 football team, Turkey U21
- **nationalcaps2**: 10
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 1975–1985
- **nationalteam3**: Turkey national football team, Turkey
- **nationalcaps3**: 51
- **nationalgoals3**: 2
- **manageryears1**: 1987–1989
- **managerclubs1**: MKE Ankaragücü, Ankaragücü
- **manageryears2**: 1989–1990
- **managerclubs2**: Göztepe S.K., Göztepe
- **manageryears3**: 1990–1993
- **managerclubs3**: Turkey national under-21 football team, Turkey U21
- **manageryears4**: 1993–1996
- **managerclubs4**: Turkey national football team, Turkey
- **manageryears5**: 1996–2000
- **managerclubs5**: Galatasaray S.K., Galatasaray
- **manageryears6**: 2000–2001
- **managerclubs6**: ACF Fiorentina, Fiorentina
- **manageryears7**: 2001
- **managerclubs7**: A.C. Milan, Milan
- **manageryears8**: 2002–2004
- **managerclubs8**: Galatasaray
- **manageryears9**: 2005–2009
- **managerclubs9**: Turkey
- **manageryears10**: 2011–2013
- **managerclubs10**: Galatasaray
- **manageryears11**: 2013–2017
- **managerclubs11**: Turkey
- **manageryears12**: 2017-
- **managerclubs12**: Galatasaray
Agglutinative language

An **agglutinative language** is a type of language where words are made up of different types of morphemes to determine their meaning. (A morpheme is the smallest part of a word that has a meaning.) What makes these languages different from others, is that if one removes the morphemes from the word, they will be able to stand on their own.

### Chinook

- a–č–i–m–l–ud–a: (_future_–he–him–thee–to–give–_future_): "He will give it to you"

### Hungarian

- **szent**: **holy**
- szent**ség**: holi**ness**
- szentség**telen**: holiness**less**

### Persian

Bozorgtarinhashunra niga mikardam - I was looking at their biggest ones.
- Bozorg: big
- Bozorg-tar: bigger (lit. more big)
- Bozorg-tar-in: biggest (lit. the more big one)
- Bozorg-tar-in-ha: biggest ones (plural)
- Bozorg-tar-in-ha-shun: their biggest ones
- Bozorg-tar-in-ha-shun-ra: at their biggest ones

### Turkish

- ev–ler–den: (home–_plural_–from): "from the houses"

### Kazakh

- бару: (baru) — to go
- бара алмау: (bara almau) — not being able to go
- бара алмаған: (bara almağan) — the one that couldn't go
- бара алмағандар: (bara almağamdar) — the ones that couldn't go

## List

Below is a list of modern agglutinative languages:

- Algonquian languages, namely Cree and Blackfoot
- Athabaskan languages

- Austronesian languages
- Bantu languages (see Ganda)
- Berber languages
- Dravidian languages, most well-known of which are Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Tulu
- Eskimo–Aleut languages, namely Aleut, Inuktitut, and Yupik
- Esperanto
- Igboid languages
- Iranic languages, namely Persian, Ossetian
- Japanese language
- Kartvelian languages
- Korean language
- many Tibeto-Burman languages
- many Uralic languages, namely Hungarian, Finnish and Sami languages
- Mongolic languages
- Muskogean languages
- Northeast and Northwest Caucasian languages
- Quechua languages and Aymara
- Siouan languages, namely Lakota and Yuchi
- some Mesoamerican and native North American languages including Nahuatl, Huastec, and Salish
- Tungusic languages
- Turkic languages
- Vasconic languages namely Basque, and the extinct Aquitanian
- Somali language
Suffocation (band)

**Suffocation** is an American brutal death metal band from Centereach, New York, United States. The band members are Frank Mullen (vocalist), Terrance Hobbs and Charlie Errigo (both guitarisits), Eric Morotti (drummer) and Derek Boyer (bassist). Their 1991 album, Effigy of the Forgotten, created a blueprint for the genre for the 1990s. The band has a raw death metal style that uses growled vocals with a downtuned guitar sound, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes, breakdowns, and a complex sense of songwriting. _Decibel Magazine_ has stated that Suffocation's music completely influenced the creation of deathcore.

## Members

- Current members
- Frank Mullen – vocals <small>(1988–1998, 2002–present; semi-retired since 2013)</small>
- Terrance Hobbs – lead guitar <small>(1988–1998, 2002–present)</small>
- Derek Boyer – bass guitar <small>(2004–present)</small>
- Ricky Myers – vocals <small>(2014–present)</small>
- Charlie Errigo – rhythm guitar <small>(2016–present)</small>
- Eric Morotti– drums <small>(2016–present)</small>

- Former members
- Mike Smith – drums <small>(1988–1994, 2002–2012)</small>
- Josh Barohn – bass <small>(1988–1991, 2002–2004)</small>
- Guy Marchais – rhythm guitar <small>(1988–1990, 2002–2016)</small>
- Doug Cerrito – rhythm guitar <small>(1990–1998)</small>
- Chris Richards – bass <small>(1991–1998)</small>
- Doug Bohn – drums <small>(1994–1996)</small>
- Dave Culross – drums <small>(1996–1998, 2012–2014)</small>
- Kevin Talley – drums <small>(2014–2016)</small>

- Live members
- Bill Robinson – vocals <small>(2012)</small>
- John Gallagher – vocals <small>(2013)</small>
Steve Hickner

**Steve Hickner** is an American animator and director who directed _Bee Movie_ and _The Prince of Egypt_.
Homologous series

In chemistry, a **homologous series** is a series of chemical compounds with the same general formula. Usually these compounds vary by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain. Examples of such series are the straight-chained alkanes (paraffins), and some of their derivatives (such as the primary alcohols, aldehydes, and (mono)carboxylic acids).

Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. For example, the series of primary straight-chained alcohols has an hydroxyl at the end of the carbon chain. These properties typically change gradually along the series, and the changes can often be explained by small differences in molecular size and mass.
Canada men's national volleyball team

The **Canada national volleyball team** represents Canada in international volleyball competitions. Many consider Tyler Jolley to be the best player on this team as their starting middle.

## Honors

- **Pan American Games**: Bronze medal (1979) - (1999) - (2015)

## References

- Official website
- FIVB profile

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Canada
- **federation**: [http://www.volleyball.ca/ Volleyball Canada]
- **website**: [http://www.volleyball.ca www.volleyball.ca]
- **confederation**: NORCECA
- **manager**: Julien Boucher
- **coach**: Stephane Antiga
- **olympic apps**: 4
- **olympic first**: 1976
- **olympic best**: 4th (Volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1984)
- **world champs apps**: 10
- **world champs first**: 1974
- **world champs best**: 7th (2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship, 2014)
- **world cup apps**: 5
- **world cup first**: 1977
- **world cup best**: 7th (2003 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 2003, 2015 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 2015)
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Czech Republic men's national volleyball team

The **Czech Republic national volleyball team** represents Czech Republic in international volleyball competitions.

## Honors

- **Olympic Games**: Bronze medal (1968) - Silver medal (1964)
- **World Championship**: Gold medal (1956 - 1966)
- **European Championship**: Gold medal (1948 - 1955 - 1958)

## References

- Official website
- FIVB profile

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Czech Republic
- **federation**: Czech Volleyball Federation (CVF)
- **confederation**: CEV
- **coach**: Michal Nekola
- **olympic apps**: 5
- **olympic first**: 1964
- **olympic best**: (Volleyball at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1964)
- **world champs apps**: 16
- **world champs first**: 1949
- **world champs best**: (1956 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 1956, 1966 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 1966)
- **world cup apps**: 5
- **world cup first**: 1965
- **world cup best**: (1965 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 1965, 1985 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 1985)
- **regional name**: Men's European Volleyball Championship, European Championship
- **regional cup apps**: 27
- **regional cup first**: 1948 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1948
- **regional cup best**: (1948 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1948, 1955 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1955, 1958 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1958)
- **website**: [http://www.cvf.cz www.cvf.cz]
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Egypt men's national volleyball team

The **Egypt national volleyball team** represents Egypt in international volleyball competitions.

## Honors

- **African Championship**: Gold medal (1976 - 1983 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011 - 2013 - 2015)

## References

- Official website
- FIVB profile

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Egypt
- **image**: Flag of Egypt.svg
- **federation**: Egyptian Volleyball Federation
- **website**: [http://www.fevb.org www.fevb.org]
- **confederation**: CAVB
- **coach**: Sherif El Shemerly
- **olympic apps**: 5
- **olympic first**: 1976
- **olympic best**: 9th (Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 2016)
- **world champs apps**: 8
- **world champs first**: 1974
- **world champs best**: 13th (2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2010)
Tunisia men's national volleyball team

The **Tunisia national volleyball team** represents Tunisia in international volleyball competitions.

## Honors

- **African Championship**: Gold medal (1967 - 1971 - 1979 - 1987 - 1995 - 1997 - 1999 - 2003  - 2017 - 2019 - 2021)

## References

- FTVB
- FIVB profile

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Tunisia
- **nickname**: _نسور قرطاج_
 (The Carthage Eagles)
- **gender**: men
- **image**: Flag of Tunisia.svg
- **federation**: Tunisian Volleyball Federation
- **confederation**: CAVB
- **coach**: :fr:Antonio Giacobbe, Antonio Giacobbe
- **olympic apps**: 7
- **olympic first**: 1972
- **olympic best**: 9th (Volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1984)
- **world champs apps**: 11
- **world champs first**: 1962
- **world champs best**: 15th (2006 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2006)
- **world cup apps**: 9
- **world cup first**: 1969
- **world cup best**: 8th : (1981 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 1981, 1991 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 1991)
- **regional name**: Men's African Volleyball Championship, African Championship
- **regional cup apps**: 22
- **regional cup first**: 1967 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1967
- **regional cup best**: **Champions**  (**11**) (1967 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1967, 1971 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1971, 1979 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1979, 1987 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1987, 1995 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1995, 1997 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1997, 1999 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 1999, 2003 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 2003, 2017 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 2017, 2019 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 2019, 2021 Men's African Volleyball Championship, 2021)
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Shenandoah Valley

The **Shenandoah Valley**  (nicknamed  "The Big Valley" ) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The valley is bounded on the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains. On the west it is bounded by the eastern front of the Appalachians. To the north it goes to the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. The Valley is about  long. It is the home of two well-known universities, James Madison and Shenandoah University.

## History

For nearly 11,000 years before the Europeans came, Native Americans lived in the Shenandoah Valley. The first European to visit the area was probably a Jesuit priest in 1632. However, the first European credited with exploring the Valley was a German doctor named John Lederer in 1669. In the 1600s, Englishmen were told about the large forests which included chestnut trees as tall as .

Jackson's Valley Campaign Was fought here in 1862.

## Geography

It is named for the river that stretches much of its length. The Shenandoah Valley has eight counties in Virginia and two counties in West Virginia.

- Frederick County, Virginia
- Clarke County, Virginia
- Warren County, Virginia
- Shenandoah County, Virginia
- Page County, Virginia
- Rockingham County, Virginia
- Augusta County, Virginia
- Rockbridge County, Virginia
- Berkeley County, West Virginia
- Jefferson County, West Virginia

The cultural region includes five more counties in Virginia:

- Highland County
- Bath County
- Alleghany County
- Botetourt County
- Roanoke County

At Harpers Ferry the Shenandoah River joins the Potomac. The Valley's cultural region contains 10 independent cities:

- Winchester
- Harrisonburg
- Waynesboro
- Staunton
- Lexington
- Buena Vista
- Covington
- Roanoke
- Salem

## Other websites

- Slide show of The Shenandoah Valley!!!; YouTube
- Shenandoah Valley in 1861: Prior to Yankee Invasion; YouTube
Reductio ad Hitlerum

***Reductio ad Hitlerum***, also known as playing the Hitler card, is a logical fallacy described  by Leo Strauss, a philosopher, in 1951. It happens when someone compares their opponent's view with Hitler or something that he did.

It is a form of ad hominem, distracting from the argument by criticizing the opponent. It works because in the modern world, people think of Nazism as a bad thing.

During the 2016 US Presidential Election, Republican candidate Donald J. Trump has been repeatedly compared to Hitler by commentators and comedians.

An example is as follows:
- Person 1 suggests that X is true.
- Person 2 says that Hitler said that too, and so X is not true.

As person 2 has criticized the opponent as opposed to the argument by comparing them to Hitler without giving any reasons as to why X is not true, they have committed reductio ad Hitlerum.
Leo Strauss

**Leo Strauss** (September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who became an expert on political philosophy. He was born in Germany to Jewish parents and later went to the United States. He spent most of his time as a teacher of political science at the University of Chicago, where he taught students and put into print 15 books.

He was particularly concerned with the idea of whether freedom and excellence could go together, but his ideas were criticised by Nicholas Xenos as wanting to go back to an era of fascism.

He was against the idea of a world state as he thought it would lead to tyranny.

Recent research has criticized his ideas in Persecution and the Art of Writing. Strauss argues that writing in a secretive way is needed to protect revolutionary ideas from the general public. But the evidence shows that most people during the time when Strauss's philosophers lived were illiterate, and only a few could understand complicated philosophical works. This contradicts Strauss's hypothesis. Moreover, the complexity of language make it unnecessary to devise additional ways, as Strauss suggests, to hide messages, as language itself can have multiple interpretations. Therefore, it is important to reassess these theories based on the evidence and insights, which question Strauss's argument.

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **image**: Leo Strauss USA 1939.jpg
- **region**: Western Philosophy
- **era**: 20th-century philosophy
- **name**: Leo Strauss
- **birth date**: September 20, 1899
- **birth place**: Kirchhain, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, German Empire, Germany
- **death place**: Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Hamburg
Wachseldorn

**Wachseldorn** is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Wachseldorn
- **image photo**: Kanton Bern - Wachseldorn.jpg
- **municipality name**: Wachseldorn
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Wachseldorn COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Wachseldorn.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Thun (administrative district), Thun
- **postal code**: 3618
- **municipality code**: 0946
- **area**: 3.51
- **elevation**: 990
- **population**: 228
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.wachseldorn.ch
- **mayor**: Hans Rüegsegger
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsident
- **executive name**: Gemeinderat
- **executive number of members**: 5
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buchholterberg, Oberlangenegg, Röthenbach im Emmental, Unterlangenegg
Wahlern

**Wahlern** was a municipality in Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, Wahlern and Albligen joined together to become the new municipality, Schwarzenburg.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Wahlern
- **municipality name**: Wahlern
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Wahlern COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3150 Schwarzenburg
3148 Lanzenhäusern
- **municipality code**: 0854
- **area**: 40.6
- **elevation**: 792
- **population**: 6197
- **populationof**: 31 December 2010
- **popofyear**: 2010
- **website**: www.wahlern.ch
- **mayor**: Rudolf Krebs
- **places**: Schwarzenburg, Lanzenhäusern, Steinenbrünnen
- **neighboring municipalities**: Köniz, Oberbalm, Rüeggisberg, Rüschegg, Guggisberg, Alterswil, St. Antoni, Heitenried, Albligen and Ueberstorf
Schwarzenburg

**Schwarzenburg** is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

It was created on 1 January 2011 through the merger of the municipalities of Wahlern and Albligen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Schwarzenburg
- **image photo**: Schwarzenburg-Schloss.jpg
- **municipality name**: Schwarzenburg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Schwarzenburg COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Schwarzenburg 2012.png
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3150
- **municipality code**: 0855
- **area**: 44.88
- **elevation**: 792
- **places**: Wahlern and Albligen
Mosen, Lucerne

**Mosen** was a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mosen
- **municipality name**: Mosen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Mosen LU.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (Amt), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6295
- **municipality code**: 1035
- **area**: 1.73
- **elevation**: 458
- **population**: 284
- **populationof**: December 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aesch, Lucerne, Aesch, Altwis, Beromünster, Ermensee
Müswangen

**Müswangen** was a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Müswangen
- **municipality name**: Müswangen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Pic Mueswangen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (Amt), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6289
- **municipality code**: 1036
- **area**: 4.50
- **elevation**: 783
- **population**: 453
- **populationof**: Dec 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **website**: www.mueswangen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beinwil (Freiamt) (AG), Buttwil (AG), Geltwil (AG), Hämikon, Schongau, Switzerland, Schongau, Sulz, Lucerne, Sulz
Brontallo

**Brontallo** is a village and former municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 4 April 2004, the former municipalities of Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, Peccia and Prato-Sornico merged to form the new municipality of Lavizzara.
Peccia

**Peccia** is one of six small Swiss municipalities that merged on 4 April 2004 to form the new municipality of Lavizzara, with about 1000 people. The other municipalities were Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, and Prato-Sornico.
Web crawler

A **web crawler** or spider is a computer program that automatically fetches the contents of a web page. The program then analyses the content, for example to index it by certain search terms. Search engines commonly use web crawlers.

## Related pages

- HTTrack – a web crawler released in 1998
Per capita income

**Per capita income** or **average income** is the average amount of money a person gets in a year. It is found by dividing the amount of money in an area by the number of people living there.

Per capita income is often used to measure an area's average income. The currency used is often the euro or the US dollar as they are widely used international currencies.

It has been criticised for not accounting for inflation. This means that it overstates economic growth. It also means that a small number of wealthy people can increase the country's per capita income whilst the rest of the population experience no change. It does not account for the differences in the cost of living between countries.
Sunnyvale, California

**Sunnyvale** is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is near San Francisco and San Jose. It is the seventh most populated city in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is in Santa Clara County and Silicon Valley. As of the 2020 census, 155,805 people were living in Sunnyvale.

Many technology companies have operations in Sunnyvale.
Booby trap

A **booby trap** is a hidden device or setup that is intended to kill, harm or surprise a person. It is usually triggered by the actions of the victim who did not know the booby trap was there.

During the Vietnam War nearly 70% of American casualties were due to booby traps. In war, booby traps are a form of psychological warfare. They are designed to make soldiers slow down and be very cautious. As the word _trap_ implies, they sometimes have some form of bait to attract the victim. At other times, the trap is set to act upon trespassers that come into personal or restricted areas. The device can be triggered when the victim performs some type of everyday action. For example opening a door, picking something up or switching something on. They can also be triggered by vehicles driving along a road such as an improvised explosive devices (IED's). Often booby traps are placed in a choke point (such as a path), where people or vehicles would normally move through. Lethal booby traps are often used in warfare, particularly guerrilla warfare. Traps designed to cause injury or pain are sometimes used by criminals wanting to protect drugs or other illicit property.

They are also used by some owners of legal property who wish to protect it from theft. There may be laws governing this use.

## Other websites

- Vietnam War booby traps
- Booby Trap - Designed to Kill and Destroy - History Documentary Film; YouTube
Sinusitis

**Sinusitis** means infection or inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces inside the bones of the face. There are many symptoms, including thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and pain in the face.
Rain, Lucerne

**Rain** is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of Rain

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rain
- **municipality name**: Rain
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Rain LU.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rain.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (district), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6026
- **municipality code**: 1037
- **area**: 9.42
- **elevation**: 582
- **population**: 2214
- **populationof**: Dec 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **website**: www.rain.ch
- **mayor**: Peter Brunner
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eschenbach, Lucerne, Eschenbach, Hildisrieden, Hochdorf, Lucerne, Hochdorf, Neuenkirch, Römerswil, Rothenburg, Lucerne, Rothenburg
Retschwil

**Retschwil** was a municipality, in the municipality of Hitzkirch and the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Retschwil
- **municipality name**: Retschwil
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Pic Retschwil.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Retschwil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (Amt), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6285
- **municipality code**: 1038
- **area**: 2.55
- **elevation**: 482
- **population**: 174
- **populationof**: Dec 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **website**: -
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gelfingen, Hitzkirch, Römerswil
Colin Bean

**Colin Bean** (15 April 1926 – 20 June 2009) was an English actor. He was best known for his role as Private Sponge in the BBC comedy series _Dad's Army_. He appeared in 45 episodes between 1968 and 1977. He also had roles in _Are You Being Served?_, _Hi-de-Hi!_ and _Z Cars_.

Bean was born in Wigan, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester). He died on 20 June 2009, aged 83.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Colin Bean
- **birth place**: Wigan, Lancashire, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom, British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1963–1988
Römerswil

**Römerswil** is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Since 2005, Herlisberg part of the municipality.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Römerswil
- **municipality name**: Römerswil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Roemerswil COA.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (district), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6027 Römerswil
6028 Herlisberg
- **municipality code**: 1039
- **area**: 16.65
- **elevation**: 723
- **population**: 1705
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.roemerswil.ch
- **mayor**: Ruth Spielhofer-Meyer
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ermensee, Gelfingen, Gunzwil, Hildisrieden, Hitzkirch, Hochdorf, Lucerne, Hochdorf, Hohenrain, Neudorf, Lucerne, Neudorf, Rain, Switzerland, Rain, Retschwil
Rothenburg, Lucerne

**Rothenburg** is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rothenburg
- **municipality name**: Rothenburg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Pic Rothenburg.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rothenburg.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (district), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6023
- **municipality code**: 1040
- **area**: 15.50
- **elevation**: 489
- **population**: 7032
- **populationof**: Dec 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **website**: www.rothenburg.ch
- **mayor**: Bernhard Büchler
- **neighboring municipalities**: Emmen, Switzerland, Emmen, Eschenbach, Lucerne, Eschenbach, Neuenkirch, Rain, Switzerland, Rain
Schongau, Lucerne

**Schongau** is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Schongau
- **municipality name**: Schongau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Schongau LU.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Schongau.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (district), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6288
- **municipality code**: 1041
- **area**: 12.46
- **elevation**: 639
- **population**: 848
- **populationof**: Dec 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **website**: www.schongau.ch
- **mayor**: Josef Muff-Keusch
- **places**: Mettmen, Niederschongau, Oberschongau, Rüdiken
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aesch, Lucerne, Aesch, Bettwil (AG), Buttwil (AG), Fahrwangen (AG), Hämikon, Müswangen
Lucerne District

**Lucerne** is a former district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital was the city of Lucerne. On 1 January 2013 the district was divided into two districts, Lucerne-Stadt and Lucerne-Land.

It contains the following municipalities:

- Adligenswil
- Buchrain
- Dierikon
- Ebikon
- Gisikon
- Greppen
- Honau
- Horw
- Kriens
- Littau
- Lucerne
- Malters
- Meggen
- Meierskappel
- Root
- Schwarzenberg
- Udligenswil
- Vitznau
- Weggis
Frank Blas

**Frank Flores Blas, Sr.** (March 20, 1941 – August 1, 2016) was a Guamanian politician, businessman and member of the Republican Party of Guam. Blas served as the Lieutenant Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995 under Governor Joseph Franklin Ada.

### Early life

Blas was born on March 20, 1941, in Agana, now known as Hagåtña, Guam. He attended Father Dueñas Memorial School in Guam, and St. Augustine High School in San Diego, California. He received an associate's degree from the College of Guam in 1962. Blas graduated from the University of Portland with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1965.

Blas and his first wife, Lydia Blas (died 1970), had two children, including Frank Blas Jr., a politician. In 1971, Blas married his second wife, Tina and had three children.

### Career

Blas worked for the Mobil Petroleum Company of Guam from 1965 until 1969.

He was Director of the Department of Commerce of Guam from 1969 to 1972. Blas was elected to Legislature of Guam as a Senator from 1974 until 1984.

In 1982, with Republican Senator Kurt Moylan, Blas challenged the Republican Governor Paul McDonald Calvo in the primary election. Moylan and Blas were defeated in the primary vote. Governor Calvo lost to Democrat Ricardo Bordallo in the November 1982 general election.

On November 4, 1986, Joseph Franklin Ada, with Frank Blas, were elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Guam. Ada defeated the Governor Ricardo Bordallo by 2,581 votes (7.6%). Blas served as Lt. Governor under Ada for two terms from January 1987 until January 1995. Blas described his main role as a liaison between the Ada administration and members of the Legislature.

Ada could not seek re-election to a third term, so Blas joined with Simon Sanchez to stand for office. However, Blas and Sanchez lost the 1994 Republican primary election to Tommy Tanaka and Doris Brooks. Tanaka was defeated in the 1994 election by Democrat Carl Gutierrez and Madeleine Bordallo.

Blas left politics in January 1995. He owned Frank Blas & Associates, an insurance brokerage firm based in Barrigada, Guam. In 2003, Blas was appointed Chairman of the Antonio B. Won Pat Guam International Airport Authority, a government agency which operates the airport.

Frank Blas died on August 1, 2016, at the age of 75.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Frank Blas
- **office**: Lieutenant Governor of Guam
- **predecessor**: Edward Diego Reyes
- **successor**: Madeleine Bordallo
- **governor**: Joseph Franklin Ada
- **party**: Republican Party of Guam
- **birth name**: Frank Flores Blas
- **birth place**: Agana, Guam
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 5
Dai Dower

**David William** "**Dai**" **Dower** MBE (20 June 1933 – 1 August 2016), was a British, Empire and European Flyweight boxing champion. He was one of the most successful Welsh boxers of all time. Dower also competed for Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

## Other websites

- Fight record
- British Boxing Web Site
- Dai Dower on Pascual Perez world title fight BBC Sport

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Dai Dower
- **nationality**: Welsh
- **realname**: David William Dower
- **weight**: Flyweight
- **birth place**: Abercynon, Wales
- **death place**: Iași, Romania
- **style**: Orthodox
- **total**: 37
- **wins**: 34
- **ko**: 12
- **losses**: 3
- **draws**: 0
- **no contests**: 0
Hurricane Hermine

**Hurricane Hermine** was a tropical cyclone in August and September 2016. It affected states from Florida to New England. The storm hit Florida on September 1, near the Big Bend region. Hermine had winds of 80 miles per hour at landfall. The storm also struck Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina.

Hermine was expected to affect areas from Virginia to Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

At least two deaths were caused on the storm.
Jonathan Borwein

**Jonathan Michael Borwein** (20 May 1951 – 2 August 2016) was a Scottish mathematician. An expert in experimental mathematics, he published 388 journal articles, as well being a regular contributor to The Conversation and The Huffington Post. He held a number of important positions including Governor at large of the Mathematical Association of America (2004–07), President of the Canadian Mathematical Society (2000–02), Chair of the Canadian National Science Library Advisory Board (2000–2003) and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute (AMSI). At the time of his death he held the position of Laureate Professor of Mathematics at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and was in Canada as a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Western University in London, Ontario.
Wald, Bern

**Wald** is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004, Englisberg and Zimmerwald joined together to become the new municipality, Wald.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Wald
- **image photo**: Village of Englisberg, south-eastern view towards the Gantrisch.jpg
- **municipality name**: Wald
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Wald BE COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3086
- **municipality code**: 0888
- **area**: 13.3
- **elevation**: 840
- **elevation description**: Zimmerwald
- **places**: Englisberg (with Kühlewil and Unterer Wald), Zimmerwald (with Willishalten, "Bei der Kirche", Niederhäusern, Winzenried, Oberer Wald, Waldhof, Obermuhlern, Egg, Bumishus)
- **neighboring municipalities**: Belp, Kehrsatz, Köniz, Niedermuhlern, Oberbalm, Toffen
Walkringen

**Walkringen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Walkringen
- **municipality name**: Walkringen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Walkringen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Walkringen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3512
- **municipality code**: 0626
- **area**: 17.2
- **elevation**: 708
- **population**: 1817
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.walkringen.ch
- **mayor**: Christine Hofer-Ryser
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arni, Bern, Arni, Biglen, Hasle bei Burgdorf, Landiswil, Lützelflüh, Vechigen, Worb
Walliswil bei Niederbipp

**Walliswil bei Niederbipp** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Walliswil bei Niederbipp
- **municipality name**: Walliswil bei Niederbipp
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Walliswil bei Niederbipp COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Walliswil bei Niederbipp
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 3380
- **municipality code**: 0990
- **area**: 1.4
- **elevation**: 431
- **population**: 224
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.walliswil-bipp.ch
- **mayor**: Christine Stampfli
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bannwil, Berken, Oberbipp, Walliswil bei Wangen, Wiedlisbach
Walliswil bei Wangen

**Walliswil bei Wangen** is a municipality of the administrative district Oberaargau of the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Walliswil bei Wangen
- **municipality name**: Walliswil bei Wangen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Walliswil bei Wangen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Walliswil bei Wangen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 3377
- **municipality code**: 0991
- **area**: 3.1
- **elevation**: 456
- **population**: 578
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.walliswil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Berken, Heimenhausen, Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee, Walliswil bei Niederbipp, Wangen an der Aare, Wangenried, Wiedlisbach
Jamkaran

**Jamkaran** (; also Romanized as **Jamkarān**, **Jamgarān**, **Jam-i-Karān**, and **Jam‘karān**) is a village in Iran. It is on the outskirts of the city of Qom.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jamkaran
- **native name**: Jamkarān
- **settlement type**: village
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Qom Province, Qom
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Qom County, Qom
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Qom County), Central
- **population total**: 8368
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Post hoc fallacy

The **post hoc fallacy** means "after this, therefore because of this". Its Latin name is ***Post hoc ergo propter hoc***. It is a logical fallacy. When event B happens after event A, a person might think  "event A must have caused event B".

Example:
- The rooster crows immediately before sunrise.
- Therefore the rooster causes the Sun to rise.

The term “coincidence does not equal causation” applies here because there is no provable outcome that is anything more than being purely coincidental after some unrelated event occurred.

It is a tempting error because sequence in time does sometimes suggest causality. When I press the light switch, the light comes on, and that is a cause and effect sequence. The difference is that it can be explained why the light comes on when the switch is pressed. On the other hand, no-one can explain why a rooster's crowing might affect the Sun.

## Popular culture

The phrase is used by the character Sheldon Cooper in the third season of The Big Bang Theory. Sheldon mentions the logical fallacy in disputing his mother's claim that her prayer group did ensure his safety during his North Pole expedition.
Tarn Taran Sahib

**Taran Taran Sahib** is a city of Punjab state of India. This city was founded by 4th Sikh Guru, Guru Ramdas Ji.
Gurmukhi alphabet

The **Gurmukhi alphabet** is used to write the Punjabi language in Punjab region. Gurmukhi is primarily used in Punjab, India. It is an abugida; it is thus similar to the Devanagari script. It is the official script of Indian state of Punjab. Gurmukhi was standardized by the 2nd Sikh Guru, Guru Angad Dev in the 16th century, it was modified from the Lahnda scripts, which were used to write the Punjabi, Sindhi in modern-day Pakistan. it is developed in the 6th century.

There are 35 native characters in Gurmukhi, In the 18th-19th century a new character family called **Naveen Toli** was added. This helps to pronounce and write Persian words with proper tone.

The word Gurmukhi literally means "from the mouth of Guru".

The other script to write Punjabi is Shahmukhi, which is primarily used in Pakistani Punjab.
Gionee

**Gionee** (**Gionee Communication Equipment Co. Ltd.**) is a Chinese smartphone manufacturer based in Shenzhen, Guangdong. They make the world's slimmest phone called **Gionee Elife S5.1**. It is only 5.15mm thick. In August 2016, Gionee India introduced their plans to build a manufacturing plant in India.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Gionee Communication Equipment Co. Ltd.
- **logo**: Gionee-new-logo.png
- **logo size**: 170px
- **industry**: Consumer electronics
- **foundation**: 2002
- **location**: Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- **founder**: Liú Lìróng (刘立榮)
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Liú Lìróng (Chairman)
- **type**: Private company, Private
- **products**: Mobile phones
- **num employees**: 8000
- **homepage**: [http://global.gionee.com Gionee Global]
[http://www.gionee.com/ Gionee China]
Bözberg

**Bözberg** is a municipality of the district Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Gallenkirch, Linn, Oberbözberg and Unterbözberg merged into the new municipality of Bözberg.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bözberg
- **municipality name**: Bözberg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bözberg COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district), Brugg
- **postal code**: 5224, 5225
- **municipality code**: 4124
- **area**: 15.52
- **elevation**: 540
- **population**: 1503
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **website**: www.bözberg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Effingen, Mönthal, Remigen, Riniken
Hans Schmidt

**Hans B. Schmidt** (1881 – February 18, 1916) was a German Roman Catholic priest. He was convicted of murder and he was the only priest to be executed in the United States.

## Early life

Hans Schmidt was born in the Bavarian city of Aschaffenburg

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Hans Schmidt
- **image**: Father Hans Schmidt.jpg
- **birth date**: 1881
- **birth place**: Aschaffenburg, Germany
- **death date**: February 18, 1916 (aged 34/35)
- **death place**: Sing Sing Prison, Ossining (village), New York, Ossining, New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Capital punishment, Execution by electric chair
- **charge**: Murder
- **conviction**: Murder
- **nationality**: Germany, German
- **resting place**: Sing Sing Prison Cemetery, Ossining, New York, U.S.
Zhanna Nemtsova

**Zhanna Nemtsova** (born 24 March 1984) is a Russian journalist and activist. She is the daughter of Boris Nemtsov, a Russian opposition politician who was killed in 2015.  In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Work

After Nemtsova's father was killed, Nemtsova moved to Germany.  In Germany, she started the Boris Nemtsov Foundation to work for democratic values in Russia. In Germany Nemtsova worked for the German news service Deutsche Welle.  She also wrote a book, _Waking up Russia_ (in the original German,  _Russland wachrütteln_) about Russian politics. Nemtsova also wrote for The Guardian.

## Other websites

- 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Fatimata M’baye

**Fatimata M’baye** (Arabic: فاطمتا أمباي ) is a Mauritanian lawyer and human rights activist. She started the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights. In 2016 she received an International Women of Courage Award.

## Life

M'baye studied law and economics at Nouakchott University from 1981 to 1985. She became the first woman lawyer in Mauritania.

## Work

M'baye takes the most difficult legal cases. She represented clients accused of apostasy. She also worked for a “committee of widows” whose husbands were murdered. M'baye helped write the 2007 anti-slavery law.  She got convictions for child exploitation and slavery. She was in prison many times, and received some threats to her life.

## Other websites

- 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Bernardo Rezende

**Bernardo Rocha de Rezende** known as **Bernardinho** (born August 25, 1959) is a Brazilian volleyball coach and former player. He is the current coach of both Brazil national volleyball team and the female volleyball team Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube. Rezende is the most successful coach in the history of volleyball, accumulating more than 30 major titles in twenty-year career directing the Brazilian male and female teams.

## Other websites

- Coach profile
Deaths in August 2016

The following is a list of **notable deaths in August 2016**. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.

- Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, nationality, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and most importantly a source.
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