juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
In My Place

"**In My Place**" was released on 5 August 2002. The single was released off the hit album _A Rush of Blood to the Head_ released by rock band Coldplay in 2002. "In My Place" was well received by critics. The song was praised for its music and the deep meaning of its words. "In My Place" won Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 45th Grammy Awards. The music video was nominated for two MuchMusic Video Awards in 2003 in the categories of Best international video–group and People's Choice: Favorite international group. It begins with one crash of a cymbal. After that, there are two bars of 4/4 drumming, then a sad three-note guitar line, and Chris Martin's singing.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: In My Place
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Coldplay
- **album**: A Rush of Blood to the Head
- **b-side**: "One I Love"
"I Bloom Blaum"
- **released**: 5 August 2002
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:48
- **label**: Parlophone <small>(UK)</small>
- **writer**: Guy Berryman, Jonny Buckland, Will Champion, Chris Martin
- **producer**: Ken Nelson (British record producer), Ken Nelson, Coldplay
- **prev title**: Don't Panic (song), Don't Panic
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: The Scientist (song), The Scientist
- **next year**: 2002
Târgovişte

**Târgovişte** is a city in the Dâmboviţa County of Romania.  About 89,000 people lived in Târgovişte as of the year 2003.

## Twin cities

- **Kazanlak**, Bulgaria
- **Targovishte**, Bulgaria
- **Trakai**, Lithuania
- **Orvault**, France
- ** Miami**, United States
- **Corbetta**, Italy
- **Santarem**, Portugal
- **Vellinge**, Sweden
- **Castellon de la Plana**, Spain

## Infobox (settlement)

- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **map caption**: Location of Târgovişte
- **official name**: Târgovişte
- **image skyline**: TurnulChindiei.jpg
- **image map**: Targoviste in Romania.png
- **image shield**: ROU DB Targoviste CoA.png
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Romania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Dâmboviţa County
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Romania, Status
- **settlement type**: County capital
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Gabriel Boriga
- **leader party**: Democratic Party (Romania), Democratic Party
- **population as of**: 2002
- **population total**: 89429
- **website**: http://www.etargoviste.ro/
Antonio Machado

**Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz**, known as **Antonio Machado** (July 26, 1875 – February 22, 1939), was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation of '98.

## Major publications

- _Soledades_ (1903)
- _Soledades, Galerías y Otros poemas_ (1907)
- _Campos de Castilla_ (1912)
- _Poesías completas_ (1917)
- _Nuevas canciones_ (1924)
- _Poesías completas_ (1936, 4th edition)
- _Juan de Mairena_ (1936)
Garcilaso de la Vega

**Garcilaso de la Vega** (Toledo, c. 1501– Le Muy, Nice, France, October 14, 1536), was a Spanish soldier and poet. The prototypical "Renaissance man", he was the most influential (though not the first or the only) poet to introduce Italian Renaissance verse forms, poetic techniques and themes to Spain. His exact birth date is unknown, but estimations by scholars put his year of birth between 1498 and 1503.
Nepenthes

***Nepenthes***, often known as **tropical pitcher plants or monkey cups**, is a genus of carnivorous plants in the  family of the **Nepenthaceae** consisting of about 120 species (this number is fast increasing, with one to two new species being described each year). Many hybrids exist, both natural and created by humans. These plants come from  South China, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines; westward to Madagascar and the Seychelles ; southward to Australia and New Caledonia ; and northward to India and Sri Lanka . Many are plants from hot humid lowland areas, but the majority are from high in the mountains where nights are cold.  Nepenthes are often categorized as being lowland or highland varieties, depending on how high they live above sea level.  Lowland varieties usually require high temperature and humidity levels.  Highland varieties usually require warm days but cold and humid nights. The name _Nepenthes_ was first published in 1737 in Carolus Linnaeus's _Hortus Cliffortianus_.

Nepenthes traps contain a fluid of the plant's own production, which may be watery or syrupy and is used to drown prey. The trapping efficiency of this fluid remains high, even when significantly diluted by water, as inevitably happens in wet conditions. Many species of _Nepenthes_ produce two different forms of pitchers. Near the base of the plant are the large lower traps, which usually sit on the ground, while the upper pitchers may be smaller, coloured differently, and have different shapes and features than the lower pitchers.

The lower part of the trap contains glands which take nutrients from captured insects.

One of the earliest pictures of _Nepenthes_ appears in Leonard Plukenet's _Almagestum Botanicum_ of 1696. The plant, called _Utricaria vegetabilis zeylanensium_, is without doubt a _N. distillatoria_.

## Related pages

- List of Nepenthes natural hybrids

## Other websites

- Botanical Society of America: _Nepenthes_ - the Monkey Cups
- The Carnivorous Plant FAQ: _Nepenthes_
British Rail Class 115

These 41 high density sets operated the outer-suburban services from Marylebone usually to destinations such as High Wycombe, Aylesbury and Banbury which are on the Chiltern Main Line and Great Central Main Line (now the London to Aylesbury Line). Sometimes, these sets used to operate 8-12 car long expresses to Nottingham Victoria in the final years of the GCML. Coincidentally, the 115 were under Table 115 in the British Rail timetable.

Based on the basic Derby high density design, the sets are similar to Class 127 but were internally superior as the class had larger windows, better furnishings, lighting and wall surfaces.

Some sets were also built for the CLC line between Liverpool and Manchester. These were later transferred to Marylebone. They also worked from Tyseley in the later years.

The Marylebone sets, which were later transferred to Bletchley but remained on Chiltern Line duties, were declared surplus after the introduction of Class 165s, from 1991 onwards. While at Bletchley depot the class was also used on the Gospel Oak to Barking Line, units being formed as power twins.  They were in turn replaced on this line by class 117 power twins.

The final Class 115 working out of Marylebone was in July 1992. The Tyseley sets survived a bit longer, until February 1994.

## Infobox (dmu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">British Rail Class 115 </span>
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **background**: #0033cc
- **manufacturer**: Derby Carriage and Wagon Works, BR Derby
- **operator**: British Rail
- **formation**: 4 cars per trainset
- **built**: 41
- **linesserved**: Chiltern Main Line, London to Aylesbury Line
- **inservice**: 1960-1998
- **weight**: 38 tonnes
- **maxspeed**: 70 mph
- **gauge**: Standard gauge, 1435 mm (4 ft 8½ in)
- **engine**: BUT (Leyland Albion) of 230hp
Pomaia

**Pomaia** is a little village (it: _frazione_), near the city of (it: _comune_) Santa Luce, in the Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. The village is a very important point for Buddhism in Italy. In Pomaia, one of biggest Tibetan monasteries, called the "Lama Zong Khapa Institute", can be seen.

## Economy

Pomaia has an economy based on agriculture and tourism.

## Tourism

On April in Pomaia there is a _Sagra_, a local festival about broad beans, followed by a lot of people and many tourists. Many tourists come in Pomaia, for to see the Buddhist manifestations in the Buddhist Monastery of Pomaia.

## Other websites

- Website of Lama Zong Khapa Institute
Morellino di Scansano

**Morellino di Scansano DOCG** is an Italian red wine made in the hills of the village of Scansano (province of Grosseto), in the Maremma, which includes a part of the coast of southern Tuscany. Morellino is the local name for the Sangiovese grape varietal.

The wine, which gained the DOC status in 1978, and upgraded to DOCG status from the 2007 vintage, is made from of 85% Sangiovese (which is also the base of the tuscan wines: Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano). The remaining 0–15% of any non aromatic black grape varieties included in a list made and periodically updated by the local authorities.

## Other websites

- Consorzio di Tutela del Morellino di Scansano
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

**Vino Nobile di Montepulciano** (in English lit. Noble Wine of Montepulciano) is a red wine with Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita status produced in the vineyards in the town of Montepulciano, Tuscany, Italy.  The wine is made for the main part from the Sangiovese grape varietal (minimum 70%), blended with Canaiolo Nero (10%–20%)  and small add of other local varieties such as Mammolo.  The wine is aged in oak barrels for 2 years; three years if it is a riserva. The wine should not be confused with Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, a red wine made from the Montepulciano grape in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy.

## Wines made in Montepulciano

The industry in the wine-producing town of Montepulciano produces a number of different wines:
- Novello (produced not only in this region)
- Rosso di Montepulciano (Red of Montepulciano)
- Nobile di Montepulciano (Noble of Montepulciano)
- Nobile di Montepulciano Riserva (Noble of Montepulciano _Riserva_)

Some wineries, in addition to wines, also produce Grappa. By Italian law, the same company cannot be both a certified winery and a certified distillery, therefore, the Grappa is produced in cooperation, but, is usually sold by the winery and bears the winery name on its label.

## Other websites

1. Official site of the Consorzio del Vino Nobile
1. Official site of the local Wine Route Organization - Strada del Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
Brunello di Montalcino

**Brunello di Montalcino** is a red Italian wine. It is made in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino about  southwest of Florence, Tuscany, Italy. Brunello, roughly translated  as "nice dark one" in the local dialect, is the unofficial name of the clone of Sangiovese (also known as _Sangiovese Grosso_) grown in the Montalcino region. In 1980, the Brunello di Montalcino was awarded the first _Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita_ (DOCG) designation and today is one of the Italy's best-known and most expensive wines.

## Other websites

- Map highlighting the Montalcino region
- Above 90 Montalcino wine tour
Borodin Quartet

The **Borodin Quartet** is a string quartet that was founded in 1945 in what was then the Soviet Union. The four players have not always been the same people: there have been some changes to the group, but it is one of the world's longest lasting string quartets. In 2005, they celebrated their 60th anniversary. Until he retired in 2007, the cellist Valentin Berlinsky had almost always been the cellist of the quartet.

When they started they were known as the Moscow Philharmonic Quartet. In 1955, the quartet changed its name to Borodin Quartet, named after the composer Alexander Borodin who composed two famous string quartets.

They often got invitations to play in the West, but the Soviet communist government would not allow them to travel out of their country. The quartet had to accept the concerts that their government allowed them to do. They played at the funerals of the dictator Stalin and the composer Sergei Prokofiev which were on the same day (both men died on 5 March 1953. However, they were not paid anything for either event.

The quartet knew the composer Dmitri Shostakovich very well. They performed his quartets, and Shostakovich often listened to them practising and discussed with them the way he wanted them to be played. The quartet often played piano quintets with the pianist Sviatoslav Richter.

When they started in 1945, their cellist was Mstislav Rostropovich. Rudolf Barshai was their viola player. Very soon afterwards Rostropovich found he had too many other engagements, so he got Valentin Berlinsky to be their cellist. The four men who then formed the quartet signed an oath in their own blood that they would be faithful and stay together as a group. They stayed together for 20 years. Then Rostislav Dubinsky, the first violinist, defected to the West and the second violinist, Jaroslav Alexandrov, retired because of bad health. With two new players, the quartet spend two years practising together before they performed again in public.

When Communism collapsed and the Soviet Union broke up, the quartet still continued to be very famous. They travelled abroad a lot, performing in places such as London.

They have made many recordings including all Shostakovich's string quartets and all Beethoven quartets.

## Other websites

- The Borodin Quartet Official Website
Interactive whiteboard

An **interactive whiteboard** is a large, interactive screen that connects a computer and a projector. The projector projects the computer's desktop onto the screen of the interactive whiteboard. The user can control the computer by using a special pen, finger or another tool to touch the screen of the interactive whiteboard. Normally, interactive whiteboards are fixed on walls. However, there are some mobile interactive whiteboards. Interactive whiteboards are used in many different places such as in classrooms, in work groups and in training rooms for professional coaching. Interactive whiteboards are the modern version of the traditional whiteboards used in schools.

## Operation

The interactive whiteboard must be connected to a computer.  Most whiteboards are connected to the computer's Serial port or to a USB port.  Some newer systems can use a wireless connection to the computer.

The summary of use the interactive whiteboard includes three words: controlling, translation and presentation.

- Controlling the PC means you can use the projection field like the desktop of the PC, and the pen or the finger is the computer mouse.
- Most whiteboards translate the hand written notes on the board into standard computer text, so you can see your text clearly and save it as a file.
- Another use for interactive whiteboards is for presentations.  You can start and control your presentation while standing in front of the whiteboard and you are not depending on a keyboard.

## Using interactive whiteboards

**Teachers:**
- They can write onto the board and save it as a document for use in the other lessons . You can also send the whole lesson or the documents via e-mail to pupils who were absent.
- Interactive whiteboard makes it easy to demonsate how to use new software
- Videos can be shown

**For students:**
- Fixing and changing ideas of a brainstorming easily is an resource which students can use to reach a success faster. When student can use modern technology they are more interested in learning.

## Projection Systems

**Front-projection:**
In this system the projector is placed in front of the whiteboard. Either the projector is fixed on the whiteboard or it hangs on the ceiling.

_Pros_

Compared to the rear projection this system is much cheaper

_Cons_

The teacher or the student must stand in front of the whiteboard and sometimes their body will cast a shadow.

**Rear-projection:**
In the rear-projection system the projector is placed behind the whiteboard.

_Pros_

The teacher does not cast a shadow and does not look into the projector light while speaking to the students.

_Cons_

This system is very expensive.
Sue (dinosaur)

**"Sue"** is the nickname given to FMNH PR 2081, one of the largest, most complete and best preserved _Tyrannosaurus rex_ fossil ever found.

Sue was discovered in the summer of 1990 by Sue Hendrickson, a paleontologist, and was named after her. She contacted the Black Hills Institute, whose staff retrieved and prepared the bones.

First, ownership disputes were settled in court. There was a long dispute between the owners of the land, the Sioux tribe, the  United States Department of the Interior, and the Black Hills Institute, whose staff had done the work.

The fossil was then  auctioned in October 1997 for US$8.36 million, the highest amount ever paid for a dinosaur fossil.

After preparation, the skeleton became a permanent feature at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois. The money had been raised by public subscription.

## Gout

Some researchers think the skeleton shows evidence that Sue suffered from the painful condition known as gout.

## Distorted roar

Sue's roars were created with input from Sue using various animal sounds which were altered. Some of the roars were reused for Godzilla thirty years later in the short film _Mega-Godzilla: King of the Universe_. Several roars were reused for Alex the Lion thirty-one years later in the animated recap The Ultimate "Madagascar" Recap Cartoon.

## Infobox (fossil)

- **img**: Sue (dinosaur).jpg
- **catalog number**: FMNH PR 2081
- **common name**: Sue
- **species**: _Tyrannosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex_
- **age**: 67–65.5 million years
- **place discovered**: Cheyenne River Indian Reservation, South Dakota
- **date discovered**: August 12, 1990
- **discovered by**: Susan Hendrickson
Karpenisi

**Karpenisi** is a mountainous Greek city. It is a small city in Eyritania district. Karpenisi is the capital of Eyritania prefecture. Eyritania prefecture has the most mountains of any other prefecture of Greece. There are mountains everywhere in the Eyritania prefecture. The highest point of Karpenisi is at the top of the Tymphristos Mountain, which is 2,315 meters high. Around 7,300 people live in Karpenisi, says the census taken in 2001. Karpenisi is built at an altitude of 960 meters.  It sits on the slopes of the Tymphristos mountain. Lamia is east of Karpenisi. Karpenisi is smaller town than Lamia. Lamia also serves the district of Karpenisi.

## Winter resort

Today, Karpenisi is one of the most important winter resorts in Greece. In winter, many Greeks go there in order to do winter sports. The people visiting go skiing and hiking in the forests of Karpenisi. Karpenisi is surrounded by a fir forest.
Igoumenitsa

**Igoumenitsa** is a small Greek city. It has a population of about 9,644 people. It is found in the north-western part of Greece in the Ipiros periphery. It is a city built along the coast of the Ionian Sea. It has a big port which links Igoumenitsa with the Italian cities of Bari, Ancona and Brintezi. It is the second important port of Greece along the Ionian Sea, after the port in the city of Patras.
Larderello

**Larderello** is a _frazione_ of the _comune_ of Pomarance, in Tuscany in central Italy. Larderello is famous for its geothermal productivity.

## History

The region was known from ancient times for its volcanic nature and for the very hot springs. The Romans used its sulphur springs for bathing. In 1827, François de Larderel, a Frenchman, invented a way of extracting boric acid from the volcanic mud by using steam to separate the two. The town Larderello has the name in honour of Larderel's work. The region was the site of a pioneering experiment in the production of energy from geothermal sources in 1904. Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904, at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. It was a small generator that lit four light bulbs. Later, in 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built there. In 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built in the Valle del Diavolo ("Devil's Valley"), named for the boiling water in the area. Larderello now produces 10% of the world's entire supply of geothermal electricity, amounting to 4,800 GWh per year.

## References

- "Steaming Forward" , _Time_ magazine, June 16, 2003
Minneapolis Millers

The **Minneapolis Millers** were an ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey Association. A famous player who played for the Millers was Tiny Thompson.
American Hockey Association

There were two different **American Hockey Associations**:

- American Hockey Association (1926–1942) – A minor pro league existing between 1926 and 1942.

- American Hockey Association (1992–1993) – A minor pro league existing between 1992 and 1993.
American Hockey Association (1926–1942)

The **American Hockey Association** was a small professional ice hockey league. It was active between 1926 and 1942.

## Teams

- Buffalo Majors (1930-31 to 1931-32)
- Chicago Cardinals (1926-27)
- Chicago Shamrocks (1930-31 to 1931-32)
- Dallas Texans (1941-42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Detroit Greyhounds (1926-27)
- Duluth Hornets (1926-27 to 1932-33)
- Fort Worth Rangers (1941-42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Kansas City Americans (1940-41 to 1941-42)
- Kansas City Greyhounds (1932-33 to 1939-40)
- Kansas City Pla-Mors (1927-28 to 1931-32; joins USHL in 1945)
- Minneapolis Millers (1926-27 to 1930-31; 1936-37 to 1941-42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Minneapolis Warriors (1935-36)
- Oklahoma City Warriors (1933-34 to 1935-36)
- Omaha Knights (1939-40 to 1941-42; joins USHL in 1945)
- St. Louis Flyers (1928-29 to 1941-42)
- St. Paul Saints (1926-27 to 1929-30; 1932-33; 1935-36 to 1941-42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Tulsa Oilers (1928-29 to 1931-32; 1932-33 to 1941-42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Wichita Blue Jays (1932-33)
- Wichita Skyhawks (1935-36 to 1939-40)
- Wichita Vikings (1933-34)
- Winnipeg Maroons (1926-27 to 1927-28)

## Champions

The Harry F. Sinclair Trophy was awarded to the league champions.

- 1926-27 — Duluth Hornets
- 1927-28 — Minneapolis Millers
- 1928-29 — Tulsa Oilers
- 1929-30 — Kansas City Pla-Mors
- 1930-31 — Tulsa Oilers
- 1931-32 — Chicago Shamrocks
- 1932-33 — Kansas City Greyhounds
- 1933-34 — Kansas City Greyhounds
- 1934-35 — St. Louis Flyers
- 1935-36 — St. Louis Flyers
- 1936-37 — Minneapolis Millers
- 1937-38 — St. Louis Flyers
- 1938-39 — St. Louis Flyers
- 1939-40 — Omaha Knights
- 1940-41 — St. Louis Flyers
- 1941-42 — Omaha Knights
Bellevue, Alberta

**Bellevue** is a small hamlet near the Crowsnest Pass of the Rocky Mountains found in southern Alberta, Canada.  About 900 people live in Bellevue.  It is currently part of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, where about 5,700 people live.
College of William & Mary

**The College of William & Mary in Virginia** (also known as **The College of William & Mary**, **The College**, **William & Mary**, or **W&M**) is a public university in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II. It is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.

William & Mary educated U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler as well as other key figures important to the development of the nation, including U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall, Speaker of the House Henry Clay and 16 signers of the Declaration of Independence. In 2008, the college had 5,850 undergraduate students and 2,042 graduate and professional students in and gave 1,454 bachelors, 440 masters, and 209 professional degrees.

## Campus

The Sir Christopher Wren Building is both the oldest college building in the United States and a National Historic Landmark. The building, nicknamed just the "Wren Building", got its new name in 1931 to honor the English architect Sir Christopher Wren. The first building, in 1699, was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Not much is known about how the first building looked.  It burned down within a few years of its completion.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: College of William & Mary
- **image upright**: 0.6
- **latin name**: "Collegium Gulielmi et Mariae"
- **type**: Royal College, Royal
Private university, Private
Public university, Public
Research university
- **affiliation**: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU)
Universities Research Association (URA)
- **endowment**: $900 million (2017)
- **rector**: Todd Stottlemyer
- **chancellor**: Robert M. Gates
- **president**: W. Taylor Reveley III
- **provost**: Michael R. Halleran
- **academic staff**: 595
- **students**: 8,484 (fall 2015)
- **undergrad**: 6,301 (fall 2015)
- **postgrad**: 2,183 (fall 2015)
- **city**: Williamsburg, Virginia, Williamsburg
- **state**: Virginia
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Rural / Suburban

- **colors**: Green and Gold

- **athletics nickname**: William & Mary Tribe, Tribe
- **sporting affiliations**: NCAA Division I – Colonial Athletic Association (CAA)
- **mascot**: Griffin (mascot), "The Griffin"
- **logo size**: 250
Tramway track

**Tramway track**s are used on tramways or light railways. Grooved rails (or girder rails) are normally used to let the trams run on streets. This is called "street-running". Like normal rail tracks, tram tracks consist of two parallel steel rails.

Tram rails can be placed in several surfaces. Standard rails can be put on sleepers like railway tracks, or with grooved rails on concrete sleepers into street surfaces (pavement) for street running.  Another environmentally-friendly or ecologically-friendly alternative is to lay tracks into grass turf surfaces. This is known as _grassed track_ (or _track in a lawn_). It was first used in Liverpool in 1924.
Light rail

**Light rail** or **light rail transit (LRT)** is a form of urban rail public transportation.
The term light rail was created in the early 1970s to refer to more modern types of tram/streetcar services.

Generally it can carry fewer people and has a lower speed than heavy rail metro systems, but it can carry more people and has a higher speed than street-running tram systems. The term is normally used to refer to rail systems with some rapid transit-style features that use electric rail cars. Light rail is mostly operating in private rights-of-way separated from other traffic but sometimes, if necessary, mixed with other traffic in city streets. Modern light rail technology is highly flexible in how it can be used, and whether any given system is considered a true rapid transit system or not depends on its implementation.

## Related pages

- Rapid transit
- Suburban rail
- Tram
London County Council Tramways

The **London County Council Tramways** was a large network of public street tramways. They were formed in 1899. They were run by the council in the County of London, UK. In 1933 they were taken over by the London Passenger Transport Board.
PCC streetcar

The **PCC** (**Presidents' Conference Committee**) **streetcar** (tram) design was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design was very successful in America. After World War II it was allowed to be used in other countries in the world. The PCC car has proved to be a long lasting icon of streetcar design, and PCC cars are still in service in various places around the world.

## Infobox (train)

- **name**: PCC streetcar
- **image**: San Francisco F line streetcars at Jones.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **interiorimage**: Inside TCRT PCC Streetcar 322.jpg
- **interiorcaption**: Interior of a PCC car
- **caption**: Three PCCs on the San Francisco Municipal Railway's F-line. An example of one double-ended streetcar and two former SEPTA cars.
- **manufacturer**: St. Louis Car Company
Pullman-Standard
- **yearconstruction**: 1936-1952
- **yearscrapped**: 1950s-1998
- **yearservice**: 1936-
- **carlength**: 46-50.5 ft
- **carwidth**: 100-108 inches
- **weight**: 35,000-42,000 lbs
- **traction**: 4 x 55 HP motors, 43/6 (~7.17) gear ratio
- **electrical components**: Westinghouse, General Electric
- Acceleration - Variable, Automatic 1.5-4.75-mph/ps
- **brakes**: 1)-Dynamic Service Braking;  2)-Friction for Final Stop, Park;  3)-Magnetic
- **service brake rate**: Variable to 4.75-mph/ps Deceleration
- **emergency braking**: 9.0-mph/ps maximum
- **voltage**: 600 VDC full electric
- **gauge**: Wide, Standard, Narrow Gauges
- **balancing speed**: 42 mph, tangent level track
- **maximum safe speed**: 50-mph
- **capacity**: 52-61 Seats
- **numberbuilt**: 5000
Heritage Lottery Fund

The **Heritage Lottery Fund** (HLF) is a fund established in the United Kingdom under the National Lottery etc. Act 1993.  The Fund opened for applications in 1994. It uses money raised through the National Lottery to transform and sustain the UK’s heritage. From museums, parks and historic places to archaeology, the natural environment and cultural traditions, HLF provides grants to support all aspects of the UK's diverse heritage.

By 2008, HLF had awarded a total of £4 billion to more than 26,000 projects across the UK.
Douglas, Isle of Man

**Douglas** () is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man

## History

In 1869, Douglas became the capital city of Isle of Man.

## Other websites

- Douglas' Website

## Infobox (uk place)

- **crown dependency**: Isle of Man
- **official name**: Douglas
- **manx name**: Doolish
- **population**: 27,938
- **population ref**: (Census in the Isle of Man, 2011 Census)
- **manx parish**: Douglas
- **manx shedding**: Middle (sheading), Middle
- **constituency manx parliament**: Douglas North
Douglas East
Douglas South
Douglas West (constituency), Douglas West
- **post town**: ISLE OF MAN
- **postcode district**: IM1 / IM2
- **postcode area**: IM
- **dial code**: 01624
- **os grid reference**: SC379750
- **website**: [http://www.douglas.gov.im/ www.douglas.gov.im/]
- **static image name**: The View From Douglas Head, Isle Of Man..jpg
- **static image caption**: A view of Douglas Bay
Gateshead

**Gateshead** is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Gateshead town centre and Newcastle city centre are very close to one another, and together they form the urban core of Tyneside. Gateshead is the main settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Gateshead
- **population**: 78,403
- **population ref**: (2001 Census)
- **metropolitan borough**: Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Gateshead
- **metropolitan county**: Tyne and Wear
- **region**: North East England
- **constituency westminster**: Gateshead (UK Parliament constituency), Gateshead
- **post town**: GATESHEAD
- **postcode area**: NE
- **postcode district**: NE8-NE11
- **dial code**: 0191
- **os grid reference**: NZ2460
- **static image**: Newcastle Quayside with bridges.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Gateshead Waterfront</small>
Ambergate

**Ambergate** is a village in Derbyshire, England, where the River Amber joins the River Derwent.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Ambergate
- **map type**: Derbyshire
- **shire district**: Amber Valley
- **shire county**: Derbyshire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **constituency westminster**: Amber Valley (UK Parliament constituency), Amber Valley
- **post town**: BELPER
- **postcode district**: DE56
- **postcode area**: DE
- **dial code**: 01629
Grimsby

**Grimsby** (or **Great Grimsby**) is a seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Grimsby
- **static image**: Grimsby Dock Tower.jpg
- **static image caption**: Grimsby Dock Tower
- **population**: 87,574
- **unitary england**: North East Lincolnshire
- **lieutenancy england**: Lincolnshire
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **constituency westminster**: Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency), Great Grimsby
- **post town**: GRIMSBY
- **postcode district**: DN31 - DN34,
- **postcode district1**: DN35, DN37
- **postcode area**: DN
- **postcode area1**: DN
- **dial code**: 01472
- **os grid reference**: TA279087
Halle, Saxony-Anhalt

**Halle** (also called _Halle an der Saale_) is the largest town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It lies in the southern part of the state, on the river Saale. It has about 234,000 inhabitants (2006). It is famous all over the world because Georg Friedrich Handel was born there. In 1904 Reinhard Heydrich was born here who became the most evil Nazi in 1941-1942 .

## Infobox (german location)

- **image flag**: Flagge Halle (Saale).svg
- **image coa**: DEU Halle (Saale) COA.svg
- **name**: Halle (Saale)
- **state**: Saxony-Anhalt
- **type**: City
- **district**: Kreisfreie Stadt
- **elevation**: 87
- **area**: 135.01
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 15002000
- **postal code**: 06108-06132
- **area code**: 0049345
- **licence**: HAL
- **website**: [http://www.halle.de/ www.halle.de]
- **mayor**: Bernd Wiegand
Trams in London

- _This article is a general one on trams in London. For a specific article on the organisation responsible for running the current generation of trams in London, see London Trams. For a complete list of historical tram operators, see list of tram operators_

There have been two separate generations of trams in London, from 1860 to 1952 and from 2000. Between 1952 and 2000 no trams ran in London.

The decision to abolish the first generation of trams was taken in a way which allowed various interested groups to have a say, but with little or no consultation to or with the general population. The debate was largely about trams on London, and made in a way which reflected the time when the British Labour Party controlled both London and the UK.

The first trams in London were authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1870. They were, of course, horse-drawn at that time, although steam power was also possible.
Clay Cross

**Clay Cross** is a former mining town in north east Derbyshire, England. It is six miles south of Chesterfield. It is the former Roman road _Ryknield Street_. Near by settlements are _North Wingfield_, _Tupton_, _Pilsley_, _Ashover_, and _Tibshelf_.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: Clay_cross_298581_fadaa37d.jpg
- **static image caption**: The Clock tower is used for adult education
- **official name**: Clay Cross
- **population**: 8,573
- **civil parish**: Clay Cross
- **shire district**: North East Derbyshire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **shire county**: Derbyshire
- **constituency westminster**: North East Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency), North East Derbyshire
- **post town**: CHESTERFIELD
- **postcode district**: S45
- **postcode area**: S
- **dial code**: 01246
- **os grid reference**: SK392631
- **hide services**: yes
Hill of Howth Tramway

The **Hill of Howth Tramway**, or just ***Howth Tram***, operated from June 1901 to June 1959 and served Howth Head, near Dublin, Ireland.  The service was run by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (GNR(I)), which viewed it as a way to bring more customers to its railway stations at Sutton and Howth.
Trolley pole

A **trolley pole** is a tapered cylindrical pole of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a "live" overhead wire to the control and propulsion equipment of a tram or trolley bus. The use of overhead wire in a railway electrification system is said to be the 1880 invention of Frank J. Sprague.

## Related pages

- Bow collector
- Pantograph
- Third rail
- Overhead lines
Bow collector

A **bow collector** is one of the three main devices used on tramcars to transfer electric current from the overhead lines above to the tram below. While once very common in continental Europe, it has now been largely replaced by the pantograph.

## Related pages

- Pantograph
- Trolley pole
- Third rail
Pantograph (rail)

A **pantograph** is a device that collects electric current from overhead lines for electric trains or trams. The term stems from the resemblance to pantograph devices for copying writing and drawings.

## Related pages

- Bow collector
- Trolley pole
- Third rail
- Overhead lines
- Railway electrification system
Assist (ice hockey)

In ice hockey, an **assist** is when up to two players of the scoring team shoots, passes or sends the puck towards the scoring teammate, or touched it in any other way which made the goal.  This usually means that they "assisted" in the goal. At most, there can only be 2 assists for each goal.

## Other websites

- NHL Rulebook, Rule #57 - Goals and Assists
Water Stratford

**Water Stratford** is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Water Stratford
- **static image name**: Water Stratford Church and Churchyard - geograph.org.uk - 4489.jpg
- **static image caption**: Tower of St Giles' parish church
- **os grid reference**: SP6534
- **population**: 130
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **civil parish**: Water Stratford
- **shire district**: Aylesbury Vale
- **shire county**: Buckinghamshire
- **region**: South East England
- **country**: England
- **constituency westminster**: Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency), Buckingham
- **post town**: Buckingham
- **postcode area**: MK
- **postcode district**: MK18
- **dial code**: 01280
- **website**: [http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/moderngov/mgParishCouncilDetails.aspx?ID=428 Water Stratford Parish Meeting]
Burnt Hill

**Burnt Hill** is a hamlet in Berkshire, England.  It can be found in the civil parish of Yattendon.
Bar Hill

**Bar Hill** is a village that can be found about 4 miles (7 km) northwest of Cambridge, in South Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 4,233 people living in Bar Hill.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bar Hill
- **population**: 4,233
- **shire district**: South Cambridgeshire
- **region**: East of England
- **shire county**: Cambridgeshire
- **constituency westminster**: South Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency), South Cambridgeshire
- **post town**: CAMBRIDGE
- **postcode district**: CB23 8
- **postcode area**: CB
- **dial code**: 01954
Yielden

**Yielden** is a village in Bedfordshire. It is near the borders with Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire.

## Other websites

- Your Total Event - Yielden
Mislea, Prahova

**Mislea** is a commune of Prahova County in Romania.
Dartmouth College

**Dartmouth College** () is a private, coeducational university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Incorporated as "Trustees of Dartmouth College,"
it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, Dartmouth has medical, engineering, and business schools, as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences. With a total enrollment of 5,848, Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League.

The college was established in 1769 by Congregational minister Eleazar Wheelock who wanted to use the college to Christianize the Native Americans. In 2004, Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance "whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial," citing _Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward_ and Dartmouth's successful self-reinvention in the late 1800s.  Dartmouth alumni, from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, have been famously involved in their college.

Dartmouth is on a rural 269-acre (1.1 km²) campus in the Upper Valley region of New Hampshire. Given the College's isolated location, participation in athletics and the school's Greek system is high. Dartmouth's 34 varsity sports teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I. Students are also well known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions.

In 2010 Dartmouth College joined the Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with University of Tübingen (Germany), Durham University (UK), Queen’s University (Canada), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Western Australia (Australia) and Uppsala University (Sweden).

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Dartmouth College
- **image**: Dartmouth-hall.jpg
- **caption**: Dartmouth Hall
- **motto**: _Vox clamantis in deserto_
- **mottoeng**: The voice of one crying in the wilderness
- **established**: December 13, 1769
- **type**: private university, Private
- **endowment**: United States dollar, US $3.44 billion
- **president**: James Wright (historian), James Edward Wright
- **faculty**: 647
- **undergrad**: 4,147
- **postgrad**: 1,701
- **city**: Hanover, New Hampshire, Hanover
- **state**: New Hampshire
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Rural town, 269 acres (1.1 km²)
- **colors**: Dartmouth green  and white
- **nickname**: Big Green
- **mascot**: Indian, Keggy the Keg, and Dartmouth Moose (all unofficial)
- **athletics**: National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA Division I, Ivy League
34 varsity teams
- **affiliations**: University of the Arctic
- **website**: [http://www.dartmouth.edu/ www.dartmouth.edu]
- **logo**: Dartmouth logo.png
Bagpuss

***Bagpuss*** is a British animated children's television series shown on BBC television. It was shown in 1974. Although only 13 episodes were made, it was so popular that it was repeated regularly until 1987. The series was made by Peter Firmin and Oliver Postgate through their company Smallfilms.

The character Bagpuss was a toy cat. Bagpuss was described in each programme as "an old, saggy cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the seams".

Each programme began in the same way. It started by looking through old sepia photographs as these words were spoken:

- _"Once upon a time,_
- _not_ _so long ago,_
- _there was a little girl and her name was Emily._
- _And she had a shop."_

There was a shop called "Bagpuss & Co". The cat sat in the shop window. The owner of the shop was a little girl named Emily. The shop did not sell anything. Instead, Emily would find things that were broken and lost. She fixed them and put them in the shop window. Emily hoping that the owners of the things would come and get them. She would leave the fixed thing in front of her favourite toy: the stuffed cat Bagpuss. Each programme began with these words:

- _"Bagpuss, oh, Bagpuss_
- _Oh, fat, furry cat puss,_
- _Wake up and look at the thing that I bring_
- _Wake up, be bright, be golden and light.
- _Bagpuss, oh hear what I sing."_

When Emily had left, Bagpuss would wake up. The programme changed from sepia to colour film, and the toys in the shop would come to life. There was Gabriel the toad, a rag doll called Madeleine, and a wooden woodpecker which was a bookend (something to stop a row of books falling over) called Professor Yaffle. Professor Yaffle spoke like a clever professor. He had a German accent and wore a pince-nez. He would look at the object and tell the audience what it was used for. There were also some mice. They lived in the "mouse organ" (a pun on the word mouthorgan). The mouse organ played music and the mice squeaked in high voices. All the voices except those of Madeleine and Gabriel were done by Oliver Postgate who also wrote the stories.

At the end of the programme, Bagpuss would yawn again and fall asleep. The colour changed back to sepia and the toys became toys again as these words were spoken:

- _"Bagpuss gave a big yawn, and settled down to sleep._
- _And of course when Bagpuss goes to sleep_
- _All his friends go to sleep too._
- _The mice were ornaments on the mouse organ,_
- _Gabriel and Madeleine were just dolls._
- _And Professor Yaffle was a carved, wooden bookend in the shape of a woodpecker._
- _Even Bagpuss himself, once he was asleep, was just an old, saggy cloth cat._
- _Baggy, and a bit loose at the seams, but Emily loved him."_

## References

- Obituary of Oliver Postgate, _Independent_ 10 Dec 2008, p. 34

## Other websites

- _Bagpuss'' at bbc.co.uk
Gateshead Garden Festival

The **Gateshead Garden Festival** was the fourth of the United Kingdom's five National Garden Festivals.  It was held between May and October 1990, in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear. The festival took place for 157 days. Over three million people went to the festival.
Glasgow Garden Festival

The **Glasgow Garden Festival** was the third of the United Kingdom's five National Garden Festivals. It was the only one to take place in Scotland. It was held in Glasgow between April and September 1988.
Animator

An **animator** is an artist who makes drawings for movies. The animator makes many drawings which are called "frames". These are played very quickly, one after another, to create animation. It makes it look as if the pictures are moving.

Animators can work in many areas including movies, television, video games, and the internet. There are many ways of making animations. Animators usually work with other people to form a team. These may be other animators, but can also include layout artists (who design the backgrounds, lighting, and camera angles), storyboard artists (who draw panels of the action from the script), background artists (who paint the "scenery"), voice actors who speak the words, and musicians who make the music.

## Related pages

- Animation
- Computer animation
- Computer graphics
- Sweat box

## Other websites

- Animation Toolworks Glossary: Who Does What In Animation
- How An Animated Cartoon Is Made

## Infobox (occupation)

- **image**: Norman McLaren drawing on film - 1944.jpg
- **caption**: Scottish Canadian animator Norman McLaren drawing on film, 1944
- **type**: Art
- **activity sector**: Movies, television, internet, mass media, video games
- **competencies**: Drawing, fine arts, acting, computer software
- **employment field**: Animation
British Rail Class 116

The British Rail **Class 116** diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1957 to 1961.

## Infobox (dmu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF">British Rail Class 116 </span>
- **image**: Set T326 (51131 and 51321) at Arley.JPG
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **background**: #0033cc
- **caption**: Set T326, formed of vehicles 51131 and 51321, at Arley on the Severn Valley Railway on 15 October 2004, whilst taking part in the Railcar 50 event. This unit is painted in BR Blue/Grey livery, and is preserved on the Battlefield Line Railway.
- **manufacturer**: BR Derby
- **operator**: British Rail
- **formation**: 2  cars per trainset
- **yearconstruction**: 1957–1961
- **built**: DMBS: 108,
DMS: 108,
TS: 10,
TC: 94
- **inservice**: 1961-1995
- **carlength**: 64 ft 0 in
- **carwidth**: 9 ft 3 in
- **carheight**: 12 ft 4 1/2 in
- **weight**: 38 tons 10 cwt
- **maxspeed**: 70 mph (112 km/h)
British Rail Class 117

The **British Rail Class 117** diesel multiple units were built by Pressed Steel from 1959 to 1961.

## Infobox (dmu)

- **name**: <span style="color:#FFFFFF;">British Rail Class 117 </span>
- **image**: Rail-class-117-51402-amoswolfe.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **background**: #0033cc
- **caption**: 51402 at Northampton & Lamport Railway. This vehicle, along with 51367 has since moved to the Strathspey Railway.
- **manufacturer**: Pressed Steel
- **operator**: British Rail
- **formation**: DMBS/TCL/DMS
- **built**: 168
- **linesserved**: London Paddington station
- **inservice**: 1959-2000
- **carlength**: 64 ft 0 in
- **carwidth**: 9 ft 3 in
- **carheight**: 12 ft 8 1/2 in
- **weight**: 36 tons
- **capacity**: 156
- **maxspeed**: 70 mph (112 km/h)
- **numberservice**: 0
- **numberscrapped**: 102
- **numberpreserved**: 66
- **designation**: 51332-51373/59484-58522/51374-51415
- **traction**: Mechanical
- **engine**: BUT (AEC) 150hp then BUT (Leyland) 150hp
- **safetysystem**: AWS
- **multipleworking**: <span style="color:blue">■</span> Blue Square
Ricky Sbragia

**Richard 'Ricky' Spragia** (born May 26, 1956) is a former Scottish footballer who currently manages Sunderland. He was appointed in late December 2008 after the previous manager Roy Keane walked out after a run of bad results which had left Sunderland towards the foot of the table. In his first four games as caretaker manager he managed two wins and a draw and this was enough to get him the unanimous vote of the board and was appointed with a permanent contract on December 27, 2008.
Flag of Austria

The official **Flag of Austria** (_Flagge Österreichs)_ is the flag of the European country, Austria. It has three horizontal stripes, two red ones and a white one

It was first used in 1230 and the oldest national symbol used by a modern country.
British Rail Class 118

The British Rail **Class 118** diesel multiple units were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company (BRCW) and introduced from 1960 it was a liceiend built version of the Class 117