Oscar Micheaux

**Oscar Devereaux Micheaux** (2 January 1884 – 25 March 1951) was an American  movie director, writer, and independent producer of more than 44 movies. He is regarded as the first major African-American moviemaker, and the most successful African-American moviemaker of the first half of the twentieth century. Micheaux was the most prominent producer of race movies. He produced both silent movies and "talkies".

### Early years

Micheaux was born to former slaves on January 2, 1884, in Metropolis, Illinois. He passed most of his early years in Great Bend, Kansas.  He moved to Chicago when he was 17. He worked as a Pullman porter (railroad baggage handler). In 1906, he bought land in South Dakota. He homesteaded among white neighbors for eight years.

He began to write stories. In 1913, he self-published his first novel, _The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer_. In 1915, he had money troubles and lost his land. He moved to Sioux City, Iowa where he ran his own publishing company. In 1917, he rewrote _The Conquest_ and published it as _The Homesteader_. He sold the book door-to-door in small towns.

### Moviemaking

An African American movie company wanted to make a movie of _The Homesteader_. The company however did not want Micheaux to direct it. They would not agree to a budget that met his expectations. The deal was dropped.

Micheaux then turned his publishing company into the Micheaux Film and Book Company. He sold stock in the company to raise money for his own movie of _The Homesteader_, and shooting began. It was the first feature-length movie made by an African American. It was released in Chicago in 1919, and was a great success.

Micheaux's second movie was _Within Our Gates_. This was his response to D. W. Griffith's _Birth of a Nation_. Griffith's movie was about the Ku Klux Klan. It was one of the most popular movies of the day. The movie challenged Griffith's message by showing that whites were more likely to harm blacks than the other way around.

Micheaux would make more than 40 movies over the next 30 years. In 1931, his movie _The Exile_ became the first full-length sound feature by an African American.  His last movie _The Betrayal_ (1948) was the first movie produced by an African American­ to open in white theaters.

### Death

Micheaux died on 25 March 1951 in Charlotte, North Carolina. He is buried in the Great Bend Cemetery in Great Bend, Kansas. His gravestone reads, "A Man Ahead of His Time."

In 1986, the Directors Guild of America posthumously granted Micheaux the Golden Jubilee Special Directorial Award. In 1987, he received a star on Hollywood Boulevard's Walk of Fame.

## List of selected movies

- _The Homesteader_ (1919, first movie)
- _Within Our Gates_ (1919)
- _A Daughter of the Congo_ (1930, last silent movie)
- _The Exile_ (first sound movie, 1931)
- _Murder in Harlem_ (1935)
- _Swing_ (1938)
- _The Betrayal_ (1948, last movie)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Oscar Micheaux
- **image**: Oscar Micheaux.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Oscar Devereaux Micheaux
- **birth place**: Metropolis, Illinois, United States, USA
- **death place**: Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, USA
- **occupation**: Director, writer
- **spouse**: Alice B. Russell (1892–1984)
- **awards**: **Directors Guild of America Awards**
1986 Golden Jubilee Special Award
**Hollywood Walk of Fame**
Hollywood Boulevard, 6721 Hollywood Boulevard