James Hilton

**James Hilton** (9 September 1900 – 20 December 1954) was an English writer. He wrote several best-selling novels including _Lost Horizon_ and _Goodbye Mr. Chips_. _Lost Horizon_ introduced an imaginary place called Shangri-La and made it popular.

## Biography

James Hilton was born in Leigh. His father, John Hilton, was the headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow. James Hilton partially based the character Mr. Chipping in _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_ on his father.

Hilton wrote his two most famous books while living in an ordinary semi-detached house on Oak Hill Gardens, Woodford Green. The house is still there, and a small, blue sign says it was Hilton's home.

He was married twice, first to Alice Brown and later to Galina Kopineck. Both marriages ended in divorce. He died in Long Beach, California from liver cancer.

## Novels

Hilton became a successful writer when he was still young. He published his first novel, _Catherine Herself,_ when he was 20 years old. Several of his books were international bestsellers. Some successful films were made based on his novels. Three of the best known movies are: _Lost Horizon_ (1933), _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_ (1934), and _Random Harvest_ (1941). Many copies of _Lost Horizon_ were sold in the 1930s as one of the first Pocket Books. The serial number was "1". Some people call it the novel that began the popularity of paperback books.

### Lost Horizon

_Lost Horizon_ is supposedly set in Tibet, and especially in a secret, imaginary valley called Shangri-La. Shangri-La now means any perfect, pleasurable place or utopia.

It is unsure exactly where and how Hilton got his ideas about Tibet. He may have been inspired to write _Lost Horizon_ and to invent Shangri-La" by reading the _National Geographic Magazine_ by Joseph Rock. Rock was an Austrian-American botanist and ethnologist who explored southwestern China and areas near Tibet. Hilton have also read articles by early travelers in Tibet that he found in the British Library for more ideas Christian Zeeman may also have been the model for the hero of the story. He disappeared while living in Japan and there were rumors that he was living secretly in a Zen Buddhist monastery. Some say that the isolated valley town of Weaverville, California, in far northern Trinity County, was Shangri-La. However, this is  a misunderstanding of a comment by Hilton in a 1941 interview. In that interview, Hilton said that Weaverville reminded him of Shangri-La. Coincidentally, Junction City (about 8 miles from Weaverville) now has a Tibetan Buddhist centre with the occasional Tibetan monks in saffron robes.

After the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt told the press that the airplanes had taken off from Shangri-La. This was a kind of joke to hide the secret that they had taken off from aircraft carriers. Later, the US Navy gave that name to an aircraft carrier, and Roosevelt named his Maryland presidential retreat "Shangri-La". (That retreat is now called Camp David since President Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed it after his grandson.) Zhongdian is a mountain region of Southwest China that has now been renamed Shangri-La (Xianggelila) because it may have inspired Hilton's book

## Work in Hollywood

Hilton lived and worked in Hollywood beginning in the mid-1930s. He won an Academy Award in 1942 for his work on the screenplay of _Mrs. Miniver_. That film was based on the novel by Jan Struther. Hilton was the host of _The Hallmark Playhouse_ (1948–1953) for CBS Radio. One of his later novels, _Morning Journey_, was about the movie business.

## Hilton's books

- _Catherine Herself,_ 1920
- _Storm Passage,_ 1922
- _The Passionate Year,_ 1924
- _Dawn Of Reckoning_ (_Rage In Heaven_), 1925
- _Meadows Of The Moon,_ 1926
- _Terry,_ 1927
- _The Silver Flame_ (_Three Loves Had Margaret_), 1928
- _Murder at School_ (U.S. title: _Was It Murder?_), published under the pen-name Glen Trevor, 1931
- _And Now Goodbye,_ 1931
- _Contango_ (_Ill Wind_), 1932
- _Knight Without Armour_ (_Without Armor_), 1933
- _Lost Horizon_, 1933
- _Goodbye, Mr. Chips,_ 1934
- _We Are Not Alone,_ 1937
- _To You, Mr Chips,_ 1938
- _Random Harvest,_ 1941
- _The Story Of Dr. Wassell,_ 1944
- _So Well Remembered,_ 1945
- _Nothing So Strange,_ 1947
- _Twilight Of The Wise,_ 1949
- _Morning Journey,_ 1951
- _Time And Time Again,_ 1953

## Other versions of his works

Some of Hilton's novels became films:
- _Lost Horizon_ (1937, 1973)
- _Knight Without Armour_ (1937)
- _We Are Not Alone_ (1939) with a screenplay by Hilton
- _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_ (1939, 1969, 1984, 2002)
- _Random Harvest_ (1942), reprised on radio in 1943
- _So Well Remembered_ (1947) starring John Mills and narrated by Hilton

Hilton co-wrote the book and lyrics for _Shangri-La_, an unsuccessful 1956 Broadway musical adaptation of _Lost Horizon_.

## Other websites

- James Hilton Society (June 2009)
- Works by James Hilton at Project Gutenberg Australia
- Lost Horizon: NonProfit Fan Club of James Hilton's Book and Inspired Arts

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: James Hilton
- **birth place**: Leigh, Greater Manchester, Leigh, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: Long Beach, California, United States
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **genre**: Fantasy, adventure novel, mainstream fiction