juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues

**Blood cancer** is a type of cancer or tumor. Blood cancer hurts the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. Sometimes more than one body part is hurt.

The cause is usually different from other types of cancer. The way to find out if a person has this cancer is also different.

People with blood cancers see a kind of doctor called a hematologist (blood doctor) or oncologist (cancer doctor). There are other blood problems that are not blood cancers.  A blood doctor also helps people with those problems.

## Medical terms

Tumors of the hematopoietic (blood cell forming) and lymphoid tissues are local growths. Hematopoietic and lymphoid _malignancies_ are cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. As the blood and lymph connect through both the circulatory system and the immune system, a disease affecting one will often affect the others as well.

### Types

There are three types:
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma

## Finding out

A doctor will do some tests to find out if a person has a blood cancer.  One common test is a complete blood count.  The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).  The relative proportions is what picks up indications of a problem.

Sometimes the doctor will take a very small piece of the body out, to look at it.  This is called a _biopsy_.  Bone marrow is where new blood is made in the body. A bone marrow biopsy looks at the blood-making parts to see if they have cancer.

## Treatment

People with blood cancer often take drugs called chemotherapy or immunotherapy.  If the blood cancer is in one place, they may have radiotherapy.  A bone marrow transplant is a difficult way to kill blood cancers.

## How many people get it

Thousands of people get blood cancers.  Each year, 30,000 people in the United Kingdom (UK) learn that they have blood cancer.

Lymphomas are more common than leukemias.

## Other websites

- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society website
Japanese calligraphy

is common art in Japan.

## History

Japanese Calligraphy started with introduction of Kanji from China.

After Buddhism was introduced into Japan, Calligraphy spread rapidly.

Emperors such as Shotokutaishi (_聖徳太子_) and Shoumu (_聖武天皇_) wanted people to copy sutras by hand. Also, Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China took Chinese culture back to Japan. This affected the way of Japanese Calligraphy.
Picnic

A **picnic** is an event to eat outdoors, have a break, enjoy the warm sunshine, and have fun in a free time. It is usually held in a park or other open places. People bring the food for picnics in lunch boxes or in picnic baskets. Food for picnics is prepared on location such as by grilling, or at home.  After the meal, people often play games and sports, for example, playing catch, badminton and Frisbee. As at other parties, some like to create their own original foods and games.A lakeside, park or other places with interesting view is perfect for a picnic. In picnic, we often get the freshness of the nature.

## History

In the 12th century, a picnic was described in the Persian poetry of _The Rubaiyat_:
        - "A book of verse beneath the bough,

- A loaf of bread, a jug of wine, and thou

- Beside me singing in the Wilderness –

- Ah, wilderness were paradise enough!"
            - Omar Khayyam

In 1800, the Picnic Society in London was organized by people who met from time to time to dine together.

## In art

A famous painting of a picnic is _Le déjeuner sur l'herbe_ (_The Luncheon on the Grass_). It was painted in 1862 by the French artist Édouard Manet.

## Related pages

- Hanami
- Bento
The Last Emperor

***The Last Emperor*** is a biographical historical movie filmed and released in 1987.

## Plot

The movie follows the life of Puyi, who was the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and later the emperor of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

## Production

This movie was a collaboration by Italy, China, and the United Kingdom. It was entirely filmed in China, most notably in the Forbidden City in Beijing, as well as in Dalian and in Changchun.

## Awards

_The Last Emperor_ received Golden Globe Awards.

The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Last Emperor
- **director**: Bernardo Bertolucci
- **producer**: Jeremy Thomas
- **cinematography**: Vittorio Storaro
- **editing**: Gabriella Cristiani
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **runtime**: 163 minutes
- **budget**: $23.8 million
- **gross**: $79 million
Kameoka, Kyoto

is a Japanese city in Kyoto Prefecture. It is in western Kyoto in a wide, flat valley.

## History

Kameoka city was built around a castle. It is in a rural area.

## Development

The population of Kameoka city is about 90,000 people.

Special products found in Kameoka include Botan nabe and Matsutake.

## Sister cities

- Knittelfeld, Austria - April 14, 1964
- Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA - November 3, 1985
- Jandira, Brazil - November 3, 1980
- Suzhou, China - December 31, 1996

## Festivals

The Kameoka festival is held in the city from October 23rd to 25th every year. It is called the Gion Festival in Tamba, or Fall festival in Kameoka.
Soft tennis

**Soft tennis** is major sport in Japan. It is usually played by two players with rackets. It is similar to normal tennis, but the ball is soft.
Young and old of both sexes can enjoy playing soft tennis because the racket and ball are light.

## History

Tennis came to Japan from England in about 1880's.

## Equipment

- Racket
- Ball
In Japan, people were not able to make good hard ball those days. Imported balls were expensive. Therefore Japanese people used a rubber ball.
Botan nabe

is a Japanese dish made with meat from wild boars. The name comes from the appearance of the meat as it is arranged before cooking. It looks like the flower "Botan (牡丹)" (English: peony). Another name for this food is Inoshishi-nabe (猪鍋).

## Ingredients

It has a lot of ingredients: boar meat, vegetables, root vegetables, mushrooms, konyaku, fu, and tofu.

## Other websites

- Tohoku University, Botan-nabe (wild boar stew) party
Monster

A **monster** is a type of creature in fiction. They are usually found in legends or horror stories. They are often ugly and may make people and other creatures scared. They also eat people sometimes. A monster could really be any creature, like a dinosaur, a ghost, a gnome, a vampire, a demon, a frog, a werewolf, a dragon, a monster, a mole, a flower, a tapir, a hippo, or a dhampir. Figuratively, a _monster_ is a very evil person. Sometimes these creatures are not bad or monsters as you would say because some protect other people and/or are inoffensive.
Denmark Strait

The **Denmark Strait** or **Greenland Strait** is an oceanic strait between Greenland (to its northwest) and Iceland (to its southeast). The Norwegian island of Jan Mayen is northeast of the strait.

It connects the Greenland Sea, an extension of the Arctic Ocean, to the Irminger Sea, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.  It is  long and  miles wide at its narrowest.

During World War II, the Battle of the Denmark Strait took place on 24 May 1941.

It is the widest strait of the world found in the American continent.
Hudson Strait

**Hudson Strait** links the Atlantic Ocean to Hudson Bay in Canada. It is between Baffin Island and the northern coast of Quebec.  Its eastern entrance is Cape Chidley and Resolution Island. It is  long. Its width varies from  at its largest point, to a minimum of .

The strait was discovered by explorer Henry Hudson in the year 1609. It was long thought to be the fabled Northwest Passage.
Kara Strait

The **Kara Strait** or **Kara Gates** is a 56 km (35 mi) wide channel of water between the southern end of Novaya Zemlya and the northern tip of Vaygach Island. This strait connects the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea in northern Russia.

The Kara Strait was an important waterway in the early exploration of the Northern Sea Route.
Variable antshrike

The **variable antshrike** (_Thamnophilus caerulescens_) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family found most in South America. It is (as its name) arguably the species of antbird with the most variable plumage. This leads to claims that it includes more than one species, but evidence suggests that this is incorrect.

The Variable Antshrike is about  long.

## Distribution and habitat

The Variable Antshrike is found mostly in eastern and southern Brazil. It is also seen in Pernambuco and Alagoas. From southern Brazil, its range spreads through Uruguay, Paraguay, northern Argentina, Bolivia, and along the eastern slope of the Andes in Peru, as far north as the Amazonas Region.

It has many habitats, but most of it is found in foothills in north-eastern Brazil, and does not live in lands higher than 2600 meters (8500 ft).
Horned lizard

The **horned lizards** (_Phrynosoma_) are a genus of lizard wlives in dry areas and deserts of North America. The female horned lizard lays her eggs in a hole in the ground.

## Diet

The horned lizard eats mostly ants or other crawling insects.

## Description

The horned lizard has strong armor to protect it from prey. It has pointed scales, as well as horns behind its head. One of the most famous abilities of horned lizards are shooting blood from their eyes as far as 5 ft (1.5 m).
White-backed vulture

The **White-backed Vulture** is a bird of the family Accipitridae which also includes eagles and hawks. They live in the African grasslands. They eat the leftovers of big cats. After their meal, they clean their feathers well so that they are always in good flying condition.
Checker-throated stipplethroat

The **checker-throated antwren** (_Epinecrophylla fulviventris_), also known as the **fulvous-bellied antwren** or **checker-throated stipplethroat**, is a small passerine bird in the antbird family. As its name, the males have throats with a black and white "checkered" pattern. The Checker-throated Antwren is the only member of the genus that lives in the west of the Andes. The species is found from Honduras south to northern Colombia and to western Ecuador.
White-flanked antwren

The **white-flanked antwren** (_Myrmotherula axillaris_) is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is the only antwren with white flank patches. Vieillot named the species in 1817. Because it has a large range, it does not reach the status of vulnerable.

## Other websites

- White-flanked Antwren videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Stamps  (for Nicaragua) with RangeMap
- White-flanked Antwren photo gallery  VIREO
- White-flanked Antwren Photo ; Article
Black-hooded antshrike

The **black-hooded antshrike** (_Thamnophilus bridgesi_) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. As its name, males are mostly black, with three rows of well-marked white spots on the wings. However, females are usually brown, and only its tail is black.

## References

- BirdLife International 2004.  Thamnophilus bridgesi.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
3D (album)

***3D*** is the final studio album by American girl group TLC. It was released on November 12, 2002 by Arista Records. This was six months after Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes died. The album debuted at number six on the _Billboard_ 200 chart. 143,000 copies of _3D_ were sold in the first week of release. It was then certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipping 1,000,000 copies in the United States. The album was given two Grammy Awards nominations.

## Release history

|Region|Date|Label||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Japan|October 10, 2002|rowspan="2"|LaFace|
|United States|November 12, 2002|||

## Charts

|align="left"|Chart (2002)|style="text-align:center;"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|_Billboard_ 200|style="text-align:center;"|6|
|align="left"|_Billboard_ Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|style="text-align:center;"|4|
|align="left"|Canada Top 50 Albums|style="text-align:center;"|31|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|45|
|align="left"|New Zealand Top 50 Albums|style="text-align:center;"|45|
|align="left"|Germany Top 100 Albums|style="text-align:center;"|46|
|align="left"|Switzerland Top 100 Albums|style="text-align:center;"|47|
|align="left"|Netherland Top 100 Albums|style="text-align:center;"|62|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: 3D
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: TLC (group), TLC
- **recorded**: 2001–2002
- **length**: 49:32
- **label**: Arista Records, Arista
- **prev title**: FanMail
(1999)
- **next title**: Now and Forever: The Hits
(2003)
Alejandro Fernández

**Alejandro Fernández** () (born April 24, 1971) is a Latin American singer. He was nicknamed "El Potrillo" (The Colt) by the media and fans. He has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Alejandro is the son of ranchera singer Vicente Fernández. Alejandro sings Mexican folk music. These include mariachi and ranchera music.

Alejandro Fernández has performed with artists such as Plácido Domingo, Marc Anthony, José Carreras, Chayanne, Amaia Montero, Joan Sebastian, Gloria Estefan, Malú, Julio Iglesias, Patricia Kaas, Miguel Bosé, Mario Frangoulis, Ednita Nazario, Yuri, Franco De Vita, Diego El Cigala, Nelly Furtado and Beyoncé Knowles.

### Studio albums

- 1992: _ Alejandro Fernandez_
- 1993: _ Piel De Niña_
- 1994: _Grandes Exitos A La Manera De Alejandro Fernandez_
- 1995: _ Que Seas Muy Feliz_
- 1996: _ Muy Dentro de Mi Corazon_
- 1997: _ Me Estoy Enamorando_
- 1999: _ Mi Verdad_
- 2000: _ Entre tus brazos_
- 2001: _ Orígenes_
- 2003: _ Niña Amada Mía _
- 2004: _ Zapata: El sueño del héroe_
- 2004: _ A Corazón Abierto_
- 2007: _ Viento A Favor_
- 2009: _ Dos mundos: Evolución / Dos mundos: Tradición_

### Live albums

- 1999: _ Christmas in Vienna VI_
- 2002: _ Un Canto De México_
- 2003: _ En Vivo: Juntos Por Ultima Vez_
- 2005: _ México – Madrid: En Directo Y Sin Escalas_
- 2010: _ Dos Mundos: Revolución_

## Other websites

- Official website
- Alejandro Fernández at Univisión
- Foro Alejandro Fernández at Univisión

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alejandro Fernandez
- **image**: Alejandro Fernández 2.jpg
- **birth name**: Alejandro Fernández Abarca
- **alias**: El Potrillo, The Colt
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **website**: http://www.alejandrofernandez.com/
Genchū

**Genchū** (元中) was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after _Kōwa_.  This was the last Southern Court era.  This period started in April 1384 and ended in October 1392.  During this time, the monarch in Yoshino until 1392 was ..  Until 1392, the pretender in Kyoto was   After 1392, Go-Komatsu was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

## Events of the Genchū Era

- **1391** (_Genchū 8_): Yamana Ujikyo attacked Kyoto.
- **1392** (_Genchū 9_), also known as _Meitoku 3_: Northern and Southern courts were reunited under Go-Komatsu.

## Northern Court  _nengō_

- Shitoku, 1384-1387
- Kakei, 1387-1389
- Kōō, 1389-1390
- Meitoku, 1390-1394

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Genchū|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1384|1385|1386|1387|1388|1389|1390|1391|1392|
Chayanne

**Elmer Figueroa Arce** (born June 28, 1968 ) is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer. He is best known by his stage name **Chayanne**. He has released 21 studio albums. He has also sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Figueroa's nickname "Chayanne" was given to him by his mother. This was because he liked the 1960s television series _Cheyenne_. In the 1970s, Chayanne tried out for Menudo. The producers told him that he was too young to be in the group. Because of this, he joined another group called Los Chicos (the guys).  They recorded several hit singles. These include "Puerto Rico Son Los Chicos" and "Ave Maria", which would later be recorded by Beyoncé Knowles. After the group separated in 1984, Chayanne started his solo career.

Chayanne signed with RCA Ariola. He released his first album _Chayanne es mi Nombre_ (1984). His second album with RCA, _Sangre Latina_ was released in April 1986. On May 5, 1987, Chayanne switched to Sony Music Latin. His self-titled album was released in that same year. The album features "Peligro de Amor" and "Fiesta en América" which ranked on the _Billboard_ Hot Latin Tracks charts. On November 1, 1988, Chayanne released another self-titled album. After its release, Pepsi wanted him to be their spokesperson. On August 7, 1990, his album _Tiempo de Vals_ was given a Grammy Award nomination. Chayanne has also been in several TV programs since 1984.

## Movies

- 2010: _Tangled_ .... Flynn Rider (Voice in Spanish )
- 2008: _Gabriel_ .... Gabriel Marquez (10 episodes, 2008)
- 2008: _Premios Billboard de la música latina_ (TV)
- 2004: _La niñera_
- 2001: _Provócame_  .... Pedro Balmaceda-Linares Duncan
- 2001: _Ally McBeal_ .... Sam Adams (2 episodes) "Hats Off to Larry"  "Mr. Bo"
- 1998: _Dance with Me_  .... Rafael Infante
- 1997: _Siempre piel canela_  (TV) .... Singer
- 1996: _Al compas de un sentimiento_  .... Singer
- 1994: _Linda Sara_  .... Young Alejandro
- 1994: _Volver a Empezar_.... Chayanne (Himself)
- 1986: _Pobre juventud_

## Discography

- 2014: _En Todo Estaré_
- 2012: _A Solas Con Chayanne_
- 2010: _No Hay Imposibles_
- 2008: _De Piel a Piel
- 2008: _Chayanne: Vivo_ (live)
- 2007: _Mi Tiempo_
- 2005: _Cautivo_
- 2005: _Desde Siempre_
- 2003: _Sincero_
- 2002: _Grandes Éxitos_
- 2001: _Simplemente_
- 1998: _Atado a Tu Amor_
- 1996: _Volver a Nacer_
- 1994: _Influencias_
- 1992: _Provócame_
- 1990: _Tiempo de Vals_
- 1988: _Chayanne II_
- 1987: _Chayanne_
- 1986: _Sangre Latina_
- 1984: _Chayanne es mi Nombre''
Romeo Santos

**Anthony "Romeo" Santos** (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer. Romeo was the lead singer of the bachata group Aventura. As part of Aventura, Romeo became an important figure for making Bachata music popular. His songs were on the top of the _Billboard_ Hot Latin Tracks charts and the top of music charts in Europe. In 2002, the band's song "Obsesión" was at number one in Italy for 16 weeks.

Romeo was born in The Bronx, New York. His father is Dominican while his mother is Puerto Rican. When he was 12 years old, Romeo was a member of the church choir. On May 9, 2011, Romeo released his lead single "You" from his first album. The song debuted at number one on the Hot Latin Tracks and Tropical Songs chart. The second single, "Promise" a duet with Usher, reached number one on both charts as well.

### Studio albums

- 2011: _Formula, Vol. 1_
- 2012: _The King Stays King: Sold Out at Madison Square Garden_
- 2014: _Formula, Vol. 2_
- 2017: _Golden_
- 2019: _Utopía_

### Singles

|rowspan="2"|Year|rowspan="2"|Single|colspan="2"|Peak chart positions|rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|2011|align="left"|"You"|97|1|align="left" rowspan="6"|_Formula, Vol. 1_|
|align="left"|"Promise" <small>(featuring Usher)</small>|83|1|||||
|rowspan="4"|2012|align="left"|"Mi Santa" <small>(featuring Tomatito)</small>|-|1|||
|align="left"|"All Aboard" <small>(featuring Lil Wayne)</small>|-|–|||||
|align="left"|"Rival" <small>(featuring Mario Domm)</small>|–|–|||||
|align="left"|"La Diabla"|–|14|||||

## Books

- Rosen, Jody. "Crossover Dreams of a Bronx Bachatero". _New York Times_. Arts:Music. June 3, 2009
- Symkus, Ed. "Listen to the Tale of Aventura". _The Edge_. _The Boston Herald.com_ December 1, 2009

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Romeo Santos
- **image**: Romeo Santos y Juan Luis Guerra (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Santos performing in June 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Anthony Santos
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York City, U.S.
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **associated acts**: Aventura (band), Aventura, Lenny Santos, Henry Santos, Max Santos, Wisin & Yandel Usher (entertainer), Usher, Akon, Antony Santos, Luis Vargas, Raulin Rodriguez, Héctor Acosta, Thalía, Wyclef Jean, Thalia, Ludacris, Don Omar, Lil Wayne, Pitbull (rapper), Pitbull, La Mala Rodriguez, Tomatito
Songs in A Minor

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Songs in A Minor
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alicia Keys
- **released**: June 5, 2001
- **recorded**: 1998–2001
Backroom Studios
<small>(Glendale, California)</small>
Battery Studios, KrucialKeys Studios, The Hit Factory, Unique Recording Studios, Unique Studios
<small>(New York City)</small>
Doppler Studios, Southside Studios
<small>(Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia)</small>
- **genre**: *Hip hop soul
*neo soul
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 63:04
- **label**: J Records, J
- **producer**: Alicia Keys <small>(also executive producer#Music, exec.)</small>, Kerry Brothers, Jr., Kerry "Krucial" Brothers, Jermaine Dupri, Brian McKnight, Kandi Burruss, Jimmy Cozier, Arden Altino, Miri Ben-Ari
- **next title**: The Diary of Alicia Keys
- **next year**: 2003
Global dimming

**Global dimming** is the slow decrease in the irradiance at the Earth's surface. Irradiance is the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area. One of the possible causes of global dimming is pollution. It affects the water cycle by decreasing evaporation and by decreasing the rain in some areas. Global dimming also causes the earth to cool down. This cooling effect may cover the effect of greenhouse gases caused by global warming.

## Causes and effects

Air pollutants absorb solar energy and reflect sunlight back into space. The pollutants can also become the core for cloud droplets. Water droplets in clouds fuse around the pollutants. More pollutants create clouds with more number of smaller droplets. The smaller droplets make clouds to reflect more light. This causes more sunlight to be reflected back into space and less light reaches the Earth's surface.

Clouds stop the heat from both going in and out from the earth. This process is complex and it changes according to the time, location and the height above the sea level. During the day, more sunlight stops from going in. This cools down the Earth. During the night, the heat in earth stops from going out. This slows down the heat from going out the earth.

Volcanic ash can also stops the sunlight from going in and out from the earth. Decreases in the earth's temperatures are observed after large volcanic eruptions. Some examples are the eruptions of Mount Agung in Bali that erupted in 1963, El Chichon (Mexico, 1983), Ruiz (Colombia, 1985), and Mount Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Even for large eruptions, the ash clouds do not stay for a long time.

## Relationship to water cycle

Global dimming is harming the water cycle of the earth. It reduces the rain, which is very important for the fresh water. In 2001, researchers did a study at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The research suggested that the pollutants have a bad effect on the water cycle. Another global dimming event happened in 2006 in northern hemisphere during hurricane season. The NASA study found that the big dust storms happened in Sahara Desert during June and July cause the dust to go over the Atlantic Ocean. The dust forms a cover over the ocean and causes it to cool down. This reduces the hurricanes' development.
Barefoot in the Park (movie)

***Barefoot in the Park*** is a 1967 American romance comedy movie. It was directed by Gene Saks, produced by Hal B. Wallis and written by Neil Simon. It is based on Simon's 1963 play Barefoot in the Park. It is set in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City. It stars Robert Redford and Jane Fonda as newlywed couple Paul and Corie Bratter. Paul is a conservative attorney and Corie is free-spirited.
San Cristóbal

**San Cristóbal** is the Spanish name of Saint Christopher. It is a common geographical name. It could refer to any of the following:

- Argentina
- San Cristóbal, Santa Fe
- San Cristóbal, Buenos Aires, a neighborhood or _barrio_
- Bolivia
- San Cristóbal - Lipez (Bolivia), a silver, zinc and lead mine
- Colombia
- San Cristóbal (Bogotá)
- Cuba
- San Cristóbal, Cuba, in the province of Pinar del Río
- Havana, founded as Villa de San Cristóbal de la Habana
- Dominican Republic
- San Cristóbal Province
- San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- San Cristóbal Island, an island in the Galápagos
- Guatemala
- Ciudad San Cristóbal, an important town in the city of Mixco
- San Cristóbal Acasaguastlán
- San Cristóbal Cucho
- San Cristóbal Totonicapán
- San Cristóbal Verapaz
- Mexico
- San Cristóbal de las Casas, a city in Chiapas
- San Cristóbal Ecatepec, in the State of Mexico
- San Cristóbal Amatlán
- San Cristóbal Amoltepec
- San Cristóbal Lachirioag
- San Cristóbal Suchixtlahuaca
- Nicaragua
- San Cristóbal volcano
- Panama
- San Cristóbal, Panama, a fishing village on Cristóbal Island
- Paraguay
- San Cristóbal District, Paraguay
- Peru
- San Cristóbal District, Luya, a district in the Amazonas Region of Peru
- Solomon Islands
- Makira, also known as San Cristóbal, an island in the Solomons.
- Spain
- San Cristóbal de La Laguna, a suburban area of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (province)
- Venezuela
- San Cristóbal, Táchira
Joey Harrington

**Joey Harrington** (born October 21, 1978) is an American retired football player. He played as a quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons in the NFL. Harrington also played for the Detroit Lions and the Miami Dolphins.

Harrington was born in Portland, Oregon.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Joey Harrington
- **image**: File:Joey Harrington.JPG
- **caption**: Harrington with the New Orleans Saints in 2008
- **number**: 3, 13
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Portland, Oregon
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 210
- **high school**: Central Catholic High School (Portland, Oregon), Central Catholic
(Portland, Oregon)
- **college**: Oregon Ducks football, Oregon
- **draftyear**: 2002
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 3
- **pastteams**: * Detroit Lions (–)
* Miami Dolphins ()
* Atlanta Falcons ()
* New Orleans Saints ()
- **highlights**: * Heisman Trophy finalist (2001 NCAA Division I-A football season#Heisman Trophy voting, 2001)
* Pac-12 Conference football individual awards, Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year (2001)
* Oregon Sports Hall of Fame
- **statlabel1**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue1**: 79–85
- **statlabel2**: Passing yards
- **statvalue2**: 14,693
- **statlabel3**: Passer rating
- **statvalue3**: 69.4
- **nfl**: Joey-Harrington
Alan Ball (screenwriter)

**Alan Erwin Ball** (born May 13, 1957) is an American writer, movie director and producer. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia and is openly gay.

Ball wrote _American Beauty_, for which he won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. He created, wrote and produced _Six Feet Under_ (for which he won an Emmy Award) and _True Blood_.
Randy Foye

**Randy Foye** (born September 24, 1983) is an American basketball player. He played for the Oklahoma City Thunder and Los Angeles Clippers. Foye was selected with the seventh overal pick in the NBA Draft 2006. In 2007, Foye was selected for the NBA All-Rookie First Team.

## Other websites

- Randy Foye at 82games.com
- Randy Foye at nba.com
Korea Strait

The **Korea Strait** (, _Daehan Haehyeop_), also known as the **Tsushima Strait**, is a narrow body of water between  Japan  and South Korea.  The name is used in two ways.  It identifies the sea between Korea and Tsushima Island; and it is also used generally to describe the wider ocean area between Korea and the island of Kyushu.

The strait links the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan in the northwest Pacific Ocean.  Tsushima Island is between the western channel (Korea Strait) and the eastern channel (Tsushima Strait).

## Geography

The northern shore of the strait is the southern coast of the Korean peninsula.  Depending on usage, the southern shores of the strait may mean the western coast of Tsushima or it may mean the western coasts of Kyūshū and Honshū.

The strait is about  wide and averages about 90 to 100 meters (300 ft) deep.

The western channel is deeper (up to 227 meters) and narrower than the eastern channel.

A warm current (_Tsushima-kairyū_) runs through the straight from south to north.

## Related pages

- Russo-Japanese War
Makassar Strait

**Makassar Strait** is a strait between the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi in Indonesia.  To the north it joins the Celebes Sea. To the south it meets the Java Sea. The Mahakam River of Borneo empties into the strait.

Ports along the strait include Balikpapan in Borneo, and Makassar and Palu in Sulawesi.  The city of Samarinda is 48 km (30 mi) from the strait, along the Mahakam.

The strait is a common shipping route for ships too big to fit through the Straits of Malacca.
The Tale of the Heike

is an epic account of the struggle between two rival clans at the end of the 12th century.  In the title of this work, the  is one of several ways to describe the  clan.

This conflict is also known in the Genpei War (1150-1185).

## Translations

This long story has been translated into English at least five times, including
- 1818-1821 by Arthur Lindsay Sadler
- 1956 by Fuki Wooyenaka Uramatsu.
- 1975 by Hiroshi Kitagawa and Bruce Tsuchida
- 1988 by Helen McCullough
- 2012 by Royall Tyler

An abridged translation by Burton Watson was published in 2006.

## Related pages

- Emperor Antoku
- Nihon Odai Ichiran

## Other websites

- _Heike monogatari_
- _The Tale of the Heike_
Mozambique Channel

The **Mozambique Channel** is a part of the Indian Ocean. Its between the Somali Sea to the north, the island nation of Madagascar in the east, and Mozambique in the west.  It was the place of the World War II Battle of Madagascar. The channel is about 460 km across at its narrowest point between Angoche, Mozambique, and Tambohorano, Madagascar. The channel reaches a depth of 3,292 m (10,800 feet) about 230 km off the coast of Mozambique.

### Comoros

- Grande Comore
- Mohéli
- Anjouan

### France

- Mayotte
- Banc du Geyser
- Glorioso Islands
- Juan de Nova Island
- Europa Island
- Bassas da India

### Mozambique

- Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago

## French presence in the Mozambique Channel

France is present through Mayotte and the Scattered Islands, and maintains a military presence via Réunion, with naval assets patrolling fairly regularly. These islets provide exclusive economic zones (EEZs), rich in fisheries resources and potentially hydrocarbons. For France, the real challenge is to preserve its sovereignty over Mayotte, vis-à-vis the Comoros, and especially over the Scattered Islands, in the face of Malagasy threats. The Malagasy are legally contesting the French presence, believing that these islets were dependencies of Madagascar and that once independence was achieved, they should have reverted to Madagascar, not to France.
Strait of Otranto

The **Strait of Otranto** connects the Adriatic Sea with the Ionian Sea.  It separates Italy from Albania. Its width at Punta Palascìa, east of Salento is less than . The strait is named after the Italian city of Otranto.

During World War I, the strait was of strategic importance. The Allied navies of Italy, France, and Great Britain kept the Austro-Hungarian Navy from freely entering the Mediterranean Sea.

In 1997 and 2004, nearly 100 people lost their lives trying to illegally cross the strait.  This was following the 1997 unrest in Albania and poor economic conditions in the Tragedy of Otranto and the Karaburun tragedy.

In 2006, the Albanian government said that motor-powered sailing boats could not sail on all lakes, rivers, and seas of Albania.  This was to prevent organized crime. Government owned boats, foreign owned boats, fishing boats, and jet boats are still allowed. In 2010, the rule was extended for 3 more years, until 2013.
Palk Strait

**Palk Strait** is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Mannar district of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay and then with the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest. The strait is  wide. Several rivers flow into it, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu. The strait is named after Robert Palk.  He was a governor of Madras Presidency (1755-1763) during the Company Raj period.

## Geography

On the southern end  of the strait is a chain of low islands and reef shoals.  These are called Adam's Bridge. This chain goes between Dhanushkodi on Pamban Island and Mannar Island in Sri Lanka.

The shallow waters and reefs of the strait make it difficult for large ships to pass through.

## Other websites

Long bridge
Sinergia

**Sinergia** is a experimental music band, formed in 1994 in Santiago, Chile. The band released five studio albums, one DVD, thirteen music videos, two extended plays and one demo. The Sinergia's music experiments alternative rock, avant garde metal, funk rock, funk metal, ska, alternative metal, progressive rock, electronic rock, nu metal, and also punk rock, rockabilly and folk rock in their music.

## Members

- Current members
- Rodrigo Osorio - lead vocals <small>(since 1994)</small>
- Pedro López - guitar <small>(since 1994)</small>
- Pedro González - bass <small>(since 2010)</small>
- Bruno Godoy - drums <small>(since 1999)</small>
- Paul Eberhard - turntables, samples, percussion <small>(since 1994)</small>
- Jaime García - turntables, keyboards, synthesizers <small>(since 2003)</small>

- Former members
- Alexis González - bass <small>(1994-2010)</small>
- Luis Silva - drums <small>(1994-2000)</small>

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Sinergia_ (2001, La Oreja/Sello Azul)
- _Procésalo todo_ (2004, La Oreja)
- _Delirio_ (2007, La Oreja)
- _El imperio de la estupidez_ (2009, Oveja Negra)
- _Aquí Nadie Debería Ser Pobre_ (2012, Oveja Negra)

- EPs
- _Apoyando la demencia_ (Self-released Demo 1998)
- _Canciones de cuando éramos colegiales_ (2005, La Oreja)
- _Vamos con todo_ (2010, Oveja Negra)

- DVDs
- _Imperdible_ (2008, La Oreja)

## Awards

- El Copihue de Oro (Mejor Banda)
- Festival de Viña del Mar 2008:
    - Antorcha de Plata
    - Antorcha de Oro
    - Gaviota de Plata
- Premio Altazor 2008 (Mejor banda de Rock)
- Premio Altazor 2010 (Mejor banda de Rock)
- Premio Altazor 2012 (Mejor banda de Rock)

## Infobox (band)

- **name**: Sinergia
- **img**: Sinergia en Rancagua.jpg
- **img capt**: 200px
- **years active**: 1994 - present
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Santiago, Chile
- **genre**: Experimental rock, funk rock, alternative rock, alternative metal
- **label**: Oveja Negra, La Oreja, Sello Azul
- **url**: www.sinergia.cl
- **current members**: Rodrigo Osorio
Pedro López
Pedro González
Bruno Godoy
Paul Eberhard
Jaime García
- **past members**: Luis Silva
Alexis González
Byron, Georgia

**Byron** is a city in Peach County, Georgia, United States. A small part of the city goes into Houston County. The population was 5,702 at the 2020 census.

Byron is home to the Middle Georgia Raceway.  The racetrack was host to the Atlanta International Pop Festival in 1970.  The festival was the largest gathering in Georgia history until the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.

Byron is 90 miles south of Atlanta, 16 miles south of Macon and 10 miles from the Peach County seat of Fort Valley.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Byron, Georgia
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Byron_Municipal_Complex.JPG
- **image caption**: Byron Municipal Complex
- **image map**: Peach_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Byron_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Peach County, Georgia, Peach County and the state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state), Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Peach County, Georgia, Peach, Houston County, Georgia, Houston
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 22.77
- **area land km2**: 22.70
- **area water km2**: 0.06
- **area total sq mi**: 8.79
- **area land sq mi**: 8.77
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5702
- **population density km2**: 251.15
- **population density sq mi**: 650.47
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 155
- **elevation ft**: 509
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 31008
- **area code**: Area code 478, 478
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 13-12260
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0354930
Peep Show (TV series)

***Peep Show*** is a British television sitcom starring David Mitchell and Robert Webb. It ran from 19 September 2003 to 16 December 2015. It was created by Andrew O'Connor, Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain. It was written by Armstrong, Bain and Simon Blackwell. Mitchell won a BAFTA Award for his role.

Mitchell plays Mark Corrigan, Webb plays Jeremy Usborne. They are two young men who share a flat in Croydon, London. They are friends despite being very different to each other. Much of the show's humour is about the difference between the two central characters.

Mark is conservative, studious, intelligent, hard-working, frugal, socially awkward  and loves history. He is a loan manager for the first five series.

Jeremy is unemployed, irresponsible, dishonest, lazy, promiscuous bisexual and hedonistic. From series 1 - 7 he attempts to become a professional musician. In series 8 and 9 he is a life coach.
Porsche Club Hohensyburg

The **Porsche Club Hohensyburg** is an organization of Porsche enthusiasts in Germany.

Is the first fan-club of cars Porsche. It was founded on May 26, 1952 in Westphalia.
Chinoiserie

**Chinoiserie** refers to elements in European art that are influenced by Chinese arts.  Some of the most prominent examples of Chinoiserie can be found in royal palaces in Europe, such as the Drottningholm Palace in Sweden and Tsarskoye Selo in Russia.

## Other websites

- Chinoiserie from Getty Museum
Chloroacetic acid

**Chloroacetic acid** is an organochloride which results from replacing one hydrogen atom of acetic acid with one chlorine atom. Chloroacetic acid is used in industrial chemical processes, for example in the production of dyes. It was used as poison gas in the First World War, as a so-called Yellow Cross agent. It is still used to treat warts today. Chloroacetic acid is a very strong acid that causes immediate damage to the skin. Exposing between 5% and 10% of the skin to a solution of 80% chloroacetic acid will lead to death.

Chloroacetic acid,industrially also known as Monochloroacetic acid (MCA or MCAA) is a white or pale yellow crystal chemical with irritant smell mainly used in manufacturing a variety of products including herbicides, pharmaceuticals, anesthetics, tranquilizers and amphoteric surfactants as one of the fine chemical intermediates.
Wester Ross

**Wester Ross** is part of the Scottish county of Ross and Cromarty. It is in the northwest highlands. It has some of the most spectacular scenery in Great Britain, and is a tourist attraction.

Wester Ross is geographically the western watershed of Ross-shire. Administrative and political boundaries have been changed a number of times.

The mountains are made of a very old Precambrian rock known as the Torridonian sandstone formation. It was laid down in the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic eras. It is just a small part of what was once a huge supercontinent. The remains of this are in parts of Scandinavia and North America. These rocks are of Archaean and Paleoproterozoic age, ranging from 3.0–1.7 billion years (Ga) ago.

## Other websites

- Tourism portal
Desertion

**Desertion** is a military word which means a soldier has left his position without permission. The soldier does not plan on returning. The term **absence without leave (AWOL)** can also be used, but is usually used where the soldier does intend to return. Usually a soldier who has been AWOL for more than 30 days is listed as a deserter. Deserting is treated as a serious offense; military law usually provides for the death penalty. The last United States soldier executed for desertion was Eddie Slovik in 1945. No U.S. soldier has been given more than 18 months in prison for desertion during the Iraq War.

## Other websites

- Missing movement  from About.com
- Memorial to German World War II deserters in Ulm, Germany at the _Sites of Memory_ webpage
- Memorial to all deserters in Stuttgart, Germany at the _Sites of Memory_ webpage
- AWOL Information
New Revised Standard Version

The **New Revised Standard Version** (**NRSV**) is an English translation of the Holy Bible. It was released in 1989 in the United States. It is a revision of the Revised Standard Version. It is a formal translation and its editors tried to make it accurate. There are several editions of the NRSV. These include editions with the Apocrypha, Catholic editions, and Anglicized editions which use British spelling and grammar.
Torridonian

The **Torridonian** is a sedimentary sandstone which sits on top of the earliest rocks in Scotland. The map shows the sandstone as orange: it is on the western edge of the mainland, and on part of Skye. Geographically, this is part of the district of Wester Ross.

The sandstone is the earliest sedimentary rock in this part of the world. Under it lies much older gneiss known as the Lewisian complex. All the rock under the sandstone is igneous and metamorphosed igneous rock.

The sandstones are red beds laid down by rivers and lakes in a landscape of low rocky hills. A great thickness of red sandstone, brought in by rivers, buried the old hills. This took place in the Proterozoic, 1,200 to 544 million years ago (mya). There are older and younger sandstone groups, with a long period between them. The lower sandstone is a breccia, with broken fragments of earlier rocks.

As a result of later periods of rifting and mountain-building, some of the Torridian sandstone lies under the sea, and some of it is uplifted into mountains.
Henry Hill

**Henry John Hill Jr** (June 11, 1943 - June 12, 2012) was an Irish-American and Italian-American mafioso. He was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City. His mother was Sicilian and his father was Irish. Hill was a Mafia associate from 1955 until he went into the Witness Protection Program in 1980. As he was half Irish he could not be ‘made’ that is become a full Mafia member. He later left the Program. He was a violent robber, extortionist and drug dealer. He was a compulsive gambler and drug addict who served prison sentences. He married Karen (née Friedman) in 1965. The couple had a son and daughter and divorced in 2002. Hill died in hospital in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 69. Hill's children survive him.

Hill's life was the basis of Nicholas Pileggi's book Wiseguy. This was later used as the basis for movie _Goodfellas_, in which Ray Liotta played Hill.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Henry Hill
- **nationality**: Irish-American and Italian-American
- **height**: 5 ft 9 in
- **image**: henryhillmugshot.jpg
- **caption**: FBI photo taken in 1980
- **birth name**: Henry John Hill
- **birth date**: June 11, 1943
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, United States
- **death date**: June 12, 2012 (aged 69)
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **death cause**: Natural causes
- **occupation**: Businessman
Zheng Zhihua

**Zheng Zhihua** (, born 14 November 1961 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese singer. His songs were very popular in both mainland China and Taiwan during 1990s. His most famous song are "Sailor" () and "Star Lighting" ().
Knife Party

**Knife Party** is an Australian electronic dance music duo. Their first EP was _100 % No Modern Talking_, which was released on December 12, 2011 through Beatport. Knife Party was founded by Rob Swire and Gareth McGrillen from the band Pendulum. On May 28, 2012, Knife Party's second EP, _Rage Valley_ was released. Their single _Antidote_ (Swedish House Mafia vs. Knife Party) was their most successful release so far. It debuted at Number 4 in the UK Singles chart.

### Studio albums

- _Abandon Ship_ (2014)

### EPs

- _100% No Modern Talking_ (2011)
- _Rage Valley_ (2012)
- _Haunted House_ (2013)

### Singles

- "Antidote" (Swedish House Mafia vs. Knife Party) (2012)
- "Resistance" (2014)
- "Begin Again" (2014)
- "Boss Mode" (2014)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Knife Party
- **img**: Knife Party @ Concord, Chicago.jpg
- **img capt**: playing live at Concord, Chicago, 2015
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Australia
- **genre**: Electro house, dubstep, moombahton, drum and bass, drumstep
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **label**: EarStorm, Big Beat
- **associated acts**: Pendulum (band), Pendulum, Swedish House Mafia, Steve Aoki, Mistajam
- **current members**: Rob Swire
Gareth McGrillen
Azuchi, Shiga

is a Japanese town in Shiga Prefecture near Lake Biwa.

## History

The town is known for the ruins of Azuchi Castle.  The castle was built by Oda Nobunaga in the 16th century.  The castle was destroyed after Nobunaga's death by Akechi Mitsuhide in 1582; and only ruins remain.

On March 21, 2010, Azuchi merged with the city of Ōmihachiman.

## Related pages

- Azuchi-Momoyama period

## Other websites

- Photoguide.jp Azuchi Castle
Meiji Shrine

**** is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Tokyo.  It honors the spirits of Emperor Meiji and his wife, Empress Shōken.

## History

After the emperor's death in 1912, the Diet of Japan voted to commemorate his role in the Meiji Restoration.

Work began on the shrine in 1915.  It was formally dedicated in 1920; and it was completed in 1921.

The grounds of the shrine were finished by 1926.  Trees in the park were donated by people from all parts of Japan.

Until 1946, the Meiji Shrine was in the .

## Other websites

- Meiji jingū website
- Meiji Shrine map
- Meiji Shrine panorama