November 19

### Up to 1900

- 461 – Libius Severus is declared Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- 1404 – Severe flooding occurs in the Netherlands, as 3000 hectares of land are washed away, with the flood waters also completely wiping out the towns of Ijzendijke and Hugevliet.
- 1421 – A major flood in the Netherlands kills between 2,000 and 10,000 people.
- 1493 – Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed Puerto Rico).
- 1806 – French troops occupy Hamburg during the Napoleonic Wars.
- 1816 – In Poland, Warsaw University is founded.
- 1819 – The Museo del Prado in Madrid opens.
- 1847 – The second Canadian railway line is opened between Montreal and Lachine.
- 1850 – Alfred Tennyson is named Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom by Queen Victoria.
- 1863 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
- 1869 – The Hudson's Bay Company sells Ruperts Land to Canada.
- 1881 – A meteorite lands southwest of Odesa, present–day Ukraine.
- 1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa officially unifies the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.
- 1887 – In the English Channel, Dutch ocean steamer _W. A. Scholten_ sinks after a collision with a British freighter, killing 132 people.

### 1901 – 2000

- 1911 – The Doom Bar in Cornwall claims two ships, _Island Maid_ and _Angele_, in which the entire crew, except the captain, is killed.
- 1912 – The five hundred–year rule of the Ottoman Empire over Macedonia is ended.
- 1916 – Goldwyn Pictures is founded by Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn.
- 1941 – World War II: The warships HMAS _Sydney_ and HSK _Kormoran_ sink each other off Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and 77 Germans.
- 1942 – World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – Soviet Union forces under Georgy Zhukov launch Operation Uranus counter–attacks at Stalingrad, turning the battle in the USSR's favour.
- 1942 – Mutesa II is crowned as the last Kabala (King) of Buganda.
- 1946 – Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
- 1950 – Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes Supreme Commander of NATO Europe.
- 1952 – Alexander Papagos becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
- 1967 – TVB is founded, as the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong.
- 1969 – Apollo 12 lands on the Moon. Charles Conrad and Alan LaVern Bean become the 3rd and 4th people respectively to walk on the Moon.
- 1969 – Brazilian footballer Pelé scores the 1,000th goal of his career.
- 1977 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin seeking a permanent peace settlement.
- 1979 – Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
- 1984 – Oil depot explosions in Mexico City cause a large fire, which kills around 500 people.
- 1985 – Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet.
- 1990 – Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because they did not sing at all on the _Girl You Know It’s True_ album.
- 1994 – The United Kingdom's first National Lottery draw is held.
- 1995 – Aleksander Kwasniewski is elected President of Poland.
- 1996 – The case of the Port Arthur massacre comes to trial.
- 1998 – The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton.
- 1998 – Vincent van Gogh's _Portrait of the Artist Without Beard_ sells at auction for $ 71.5 million.
- 1999 – The People's Republic of China launches the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft.
- 1999 – Russia withdraws its military from Georgia.

### From 2001

- 2002 – The Prestige oil tanker breaks apart near the coast of Galicia, Spain, causing a large oil spill.
- 2010 – Twenty–nine miners are trapped after an explosion in the Pike River Mine near Greymouth in New Zealand. They are pronounced dead after a second explosion five days later.
- 2013 – A storm affecting Sardinia causes heavy rain, flooding and kills 18 people.
- 2013 – Bomb attacks in Beirut, Lebanon, kill at least 22 people.
- 2014 – Nicola Sturgeon becomes the 5th, and first female, First Minister of Scotland, succeeding Alex Salmond.
- 2016 – The German Wikipedia publishes its two–millionth article.
- 2017 – Talks about forming a governing coalition fail in Germany, after September's election to the Bundestag.

### Up to 1900

- 1464 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (d. 1526)
- 1503 – Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1547)
- 1563 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)
- 1597 – Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatine, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1660)
- 1600 – King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1649)
- 1600 – Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669)
- 1616 – Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (d. 1665)
- 1700 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French priest and physician (d. 1770)
- 1711 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian writer and polymath (d. 1765)
- 1722 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (d. 1809)
- 1770 – Adam Johann von Krusenstern, German–Baltic admiral of the Russian fleet (d. 1846)
- 1770 – Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1844)
- 1779 – Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1801)
- 1797 – René Caillié, French explorer (d. 1838)
- 1802 – Solomon Foot, American politician (d. 1866)
- 1805 – Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and businessman (d. 1894)
- 1805 – Edouard Drouyn de Unuys, French politician (d. 1881)
- 1808 – Janez Bleiweis, Slovenian journalist and politician (d. 1881)
- 1814 – Girolamo de Rada, Albanian–Italian writer (d. 1903)
- 1831 – James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (d. 1881)
- 1831 – José Evaristo Uriburu, President of Argentina (d. 1914)
- 1833 – Wilhelm Dilthey, German theologian, philosopher, psychologist and educator (d. 1911)
- 1843 – Richard Avenarius, German philosopher (d. 1896)
- 1859 – Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer and conductor (d. 1935)
- 1873 – Elizabeth McCombs, first female member of the New Zealand parliament (d. 1935)
- 1875 – Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (d. 1946)
- 1875 – Hiram Bingham, United States Senator and explorer (d. 1956)
- 1876 – Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian–Dutch mathematician (d. 1964)
- 1877 – Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician (d. 1947)
- 1879 – Mait Metsanurk, Estonian writer (d. 1957)
- 1887 – James B. Sumner, American chemist (d. 1955)
- 1888 – Jose Raul Capablanca, Cuban chess player (d. 1942)
- 1889 – Clifton Webb, American actor (d. 1966)
- 1893 – René Voisin, French classical trumpeter (d. 1952)
- 1894 – Américo Tomás, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1987)
- 1898 – Arthur R. von Hippel, German physicist (d. 2003)
- 1899 – Allen Tate, American poet and literary critic (d. 1979)
- 1900 – Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983)

### 1901 – 1950

- 1902 – Princess Mafalda of Savoy (d. 1944)
- 1904 – Nancy Carroll, American actress (d. 1965)
- 1905 – Tommy Dorsey, American musician (d. 1956)
- 1908 – Alan Baxter, actor (d. 1976)
- 1909 – Elmo Smith, Governor of Oregon (d. 1968)
- 1910 – Adrian Conan Doyle, English racing driver and author (d. 1970)
- 1912 – George Emil Palade, Romanian biologist (d. 2008)
- 1912 – Bernard Joseph McLaughlin, American bishop (d. 2015)
- 1912 – Robert Simpson, American meteorologist (d. 2014)
- 1914 – Mills E. Godwin, Jr., two–time Governor of Virginia (d. 1999)
- 1915 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist (d. 1974)
- 1917 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
- 1919 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian movie director (d. 2006)
- 1919 – Alan Young, British–born American actor (d. 2016)
- 1920 – Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991)
- 1921 – Roy Campanella, American baseball player (d. 1993)
- 1924 – Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (d. 2011)
- 1925 – Zygmunt Bauman, Polish–British sociologist (d. 2017)
- 1925 – John Gordon, English author (d. 2017)
- 1926 – Jeane Kirkpatrick, 16th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2006)
- 1928 – Dara Singh, Indian actor and bodybuilder (d. 2012)
- 1930 – Kurt Nielsen, Danish tennis player (d. 2011)
- 1930 – Christian Schwarz-Schilling, German politician
- 1932 – Eleanor F. Helin, American astronomer (d. 2009)
- 1932 – Jerry Sheindlin, American judge and author
- 1933 – Larry King, American television personality (d. 2021)
- 1934 – Valentin Kozmich Ivanov, Russian footballer (d. 2011)
- 1934 – Kurt Hamrin, Swedish footballer
- 1934 – David Lloyd Jones, English conductor
- 1935 – Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian biochemist and computer scientist (d. 1990)
- 1936 – Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese chemist
- 1936 – Dick Cavett, American talkshow host
- 1936 – Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (d. 2015)
- 1937 – Tamara Bunke, German–Argentine revolutionary (d. 1967)
- 1938 – Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer–songwriter and record producer (d. 2017)
- 1938 – Hank Medress, American singer (The Tokens) (d. 2007)
- 1938 – Ted Turner, American businessman
- 1939 – Emil Constantinescu, 3rd President of Romania
- 1939 – Tom Harkin, American politician
- 1939 – Garrick Utley, American broadcast journalist (d. 2014)
- 1941 – Tommy Thompson, American politician, 42nd Governor of Wisconsin
- 1941 – Dan Haggerty, American actor (d. 2016)
- 1942 – Sharon Olds, American poet
- 1942 – Calvin Klein, American clothing designer
- 1943 – Aurelio Monteagudo, Cuban baseball player
- 1943 – Fred Lipsius, American musician
- 1944 – Klaus Fichtel, German footballer
- 1944 – Agnes Baltsa, Greek singer
- 1945 – Hans Monderman, Dutch road traffic engineer (d. 2008)
- 1947 – Bob Boone, American baseball player and manager
- 1947 – Anfinn Kallsberg, 10th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
- 1947 – Lamar S. Smith, American politician
- 1949 – Raymond Blanc, French chef

### 1951 – 1975

- 1951 – Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, British politician
- 1951 – Mihai Ghimpu, Moldovan politician, former Interim President of Moldova
- 1953 – Robert Beltran, American actor
- 1954 – Kathleen Quinlan, American actress
- 1954 – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, 6th President of Egypt
- 1955 – Glynnis O'Connor, American actress
- 1956 – Eileen Collins, American astronaut
- 1956 – Ann Curry, American broadcast journalist
- 1956 – Jim Hodges, former Governor of South Carolina
- 1956 – Peter Carter, English diplomat (d. 2014)
- 1957 – Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (d. 2000)
- 1957 – Joel Goldsmith, American composer (d. 2012)
- 1957 – Tom Virtue, American actor
- 1958 – Terrence Carson, American actor
- 1958 – Algirdas Butkevicius, 12th Prime Minister of Lithuania
- 1959 – Jo Bonner, American politician
- 1959 – Allison Janney, American actress
- 1960 – Matt Sorum, American musician
- 1960 – Miss Elizabeth, American professional wrestling promoter (d. 2003)
- 1961 – Meg Ryan, American actress
- 1962 – Jodie Foster, American actress
- 1962 – Sean Parnell, American politician, 12th Governor of Alaska
- 1964 – Petr Necas, 9th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
- 1965 – Laurent Blanc, French footballer
- 1965 – Gary Ablett, English footballer (d. 2012)
- 1965 – Douglas Henshall, Scottish actor
- 1966 – Kakhaber Kacharava, Georgian footballer
- 1966 – Gail Devers, American athlete
- 1966 – Jason Scott Lee, American actor
- 1967 – Dhafer Youssef, Tunisian jazz musician
- 1971 – Naoko Mori, Japanese–English actress and singer
- 1974 – Arun Vijay, Indian movie actor
- 1975 – Sushmita Sen, Indian beauty queen and actress

### From 1976

- 1976 – Robin Dunne, Canadian actor
- 1976 – Jack Dorsey, American founder of Twitter
- 1977 – Mette Frederiksen, Danish politician, Prime Minister of Denmark
- 1977 – Kerri Strug, American gymnast
- 1979 – Ryan Howard, American baseball player
- 1980 – Adele Silva, English actress
- 1980 – Vladimir Radmanovic, Serbian basketball player
- 1980 – Andrew Copson, Chief Executive of the Humanists UK
- 1980 – Yipsi Moreno, Cuban hammer thrower
- 1981 – Marcus Banks, American basketball player
- 1983 – Chandra Crawford, Canadian cross–country skier
- 1983 – Meseret Defar, Ethiopian runner
- 1984 – Jorge Fucile, Uruguayan footballer
- 1984 – Brittany Maynard, American assisted suicide activist (d. 2014)
- 1985 – Chris Eagles, English footballer
- 1986 – Milan Smiljanic, Serbian footballer
- 1986 – Jeannie Ortega, American actress, dancer and songwriter
- 1986 – Dayron Robles, Cuban athlete
- 1986 – Hovi Star, Israeli singer
- 1987 – Feng Zhe, Chinese gymnast
- 1988 – Xavier Barachet, French handball player
- 1988 – Patrick Kane, American NHL ice hockey right winger for the Chicago Blackhawks
- 1989 – Roman Sergeyevich Trofimov, Russian ski jumper
- 1989 – Tyga, American rapper
- 1992 – Tove Styrke, Swedish singer-songwriter
- 1993 – Suso, Spanish footballer
- 1994 – Ibrahima Mbaye, Senegalese footballer
- 1997 – McCaughey septuplets
- 1999 – Evgenia Medvedeva, Russian figure skater
- 2002 – Gaia Cauchi, Maltese singer

### Up to 1900

- 496 – Pope Gelasius I
- 498 – Pope Anastasius II
- 1478 – Emperor Baeda Maryam of Ethiopia (b. 1448)
- 1481 – Anne Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (b. 1472)
- 1492 – Jami, Persian poet (b. 1414)
- 1557 – Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland (b. 1494)
- 1577 – Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese Shogun (b. 1510)
- 1581 – Ivan Ivanovich, son of Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1554)
- 1665 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594)
- 1703 – The Man in the Iron Mask, French prisoner whose identity is unknown
- 1772 – William Nelson, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1711)
- 1785 – Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720)
- 1798 – Wolfe Tone, Irish general (b. 1763)
- 1804 – Pietro Guglielmi, Italian composer (b. 1728)
- 1822 – Johann Georg Tralles, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1763)
- 1828 – Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (b. 1797)
- 1850 – Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
- 1863 – John O'Meally, Australian bushranger (b. 1841)
- 1883 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German–English engineer (b. 1823)
- 1887 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1849)

### 1901 – 2000

- 1918 – Joseph F. Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1838)
- 1924 – Thomas H. Ince, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1882)
- 1931 – Xu Zhimo, Chinese poet (b. 1897)
- 1938 – Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (b. 1866)
- 1943 – Miyagiyama Fukumatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1895)
- 1958 – Vittorio Ambrosio, Italian general (b. 1879)
- 1959 – Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (b. 1892)
- 1962 – Grigol Robakidze, Georgian writer (b. 1882)
- 1963 – Carmen Amaya, Spanish dancer and singer (b. 1918)
- 1970 – Andrey Yeryomenko, Soviet–Russian military (b. 1892)
- 1975 – Roger D. Branigan, 42nd Governor of Indiana (b. 1902)
- 1976 – Basil Spence, English architect (b. 1907)
- 1983 – Tom Evans, English musician (b. 1947)
- 1988 – Christina Onassis, American–Greek businesswoman (b. 1950)
- 1990 – Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (b. 1900)
- 1992 – Bobby Russell, American songwriter (b. 1941)
- 1992 – Diane Varsi, American actress (b. 1938)
- 1998 – Alan J. Pakula, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1928)

### From 2001

- 2004 – John Vane, English pharmacologist (b. 1927)
- 2004 – Piet Esser, Dutch sculptor (b. 1914)
- 2005 – Erik Balling, Danish movie director (b. 1924)
- 2011 – Basil D'Oliveira, South African–born English cricketer (b. 1931)
- 2012 – Pete LaRoca, American jazz musician (b. 1938)
- 2012 – Boris Strugatsky, Russian author (b. 1923)
- 2013 – Frederick Sanger, British biochemist, two–time Nobel Prize winner (b. 1918)
- 2014 – Otieno Kajwang, Kenyan politician (b. 1959)
- 2014 – Gholam Hossein Mazloumi, Iranian footballer (b. 1950)
- 2014 – Mike Nichols, German–born American television, stage and movie director (b. 1931)
- 2014 – Richard A. Jensen, American theologian (b. 1934)
- 2015 – Armand, Dutch protest singer (b. 1946)
- 2015 – Allen E. Ertel, American politician (b. 1937)
- 2017 – Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1925)
- 2017 – Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme, Vice president of Nigeria (b. 1932)
- 2017 – Fernando Matthei, Chilean air force general (b. 1925)
- 2017 – Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer–songwriter and record producer (b. 1938)
- 2017 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player (b. 1968)
- 2017 – Della Reese, American actress and singer (b. 1931)
- 2017 – Tai Chen-yao, Taiwanese politician (b. 1948)
- 2017 – Mel Tillis, American country singer (b. 1932)
- 2017 – Charles Manson, American cult leader (b. 1934)
- 2018 – Apisai Ielemia, 10th Prime minister of Tuvalu (b. 1955)
- 2018 – Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician (b. 1937)
- 2019 – José Mário Branco, Portuguese singer–songwriter, actor and record producer (b. 1942)
- 2019 – Purita Campos, Spanish cartoonist, illustrator and painter (b. 1937)
- 2019 – Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, British politician and businessman (b. 1923)
- 2019 – D. M. Jayaratne, Sri Lankan politician, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1931)
- 2019 – Tom Lyle, American comics artist and illustrator (b. 1953)
- 2019 – Fazlollah Reza, Iranian politician (b. 1915)

## Holidays and observances

- Brazil – Flag Day
- Mali – Liberation Day
- Puerto Rico – Discovery of Puerto Rico (1493)
- Norway – The Liberation of the Sámi of the coast
- Monaco – National holiday
- International Men's Day
- World Toilet Day (See also: World Toilet Organization)