juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
L.I.E.

***L.I.E.*** is a 2001 American drama movie. The movie is about a relationship between a 15-year old boy and a pedophile. The title is an acronym for "Long Island Expressway".

_L.I.E._ received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA. The rating was surrendered, meaning that the filmmakers preferred to release the movie without a rating instead of releasing it with the NC-17 rating. Later, an edited R-rated version was also released.

This movie was released on January 20, 2001.
Gunshot wound

A **gunshot wound**, also called **ballistic trauma**,  is a type of injury caused by arms or munitions being fired (a shooting). Gunshot wounds are usually from firearms used in war, civilian sport, and criminal actions (such as murder). A gunshot wound can kill a person, or cause injuries for life.

## Sources

- Mahoney, P. F., Ryan, J., Brooks, A. J., Schwab, C. W. (2004) _Ballistic Trauma – A practical guide_ 2nd ed. Springer:Leonard Cheshire

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Ballistic trauma
- **image**: Gunshot skull.jpg
- **caption**: Skull, Male skull showing bullet exit wound on parietal bone, 1950s.
- **diseasesdb**: 5480
- **icd10**: , W34,
- **meshid**: D014948
Megacheira

**Megacheira** ("great hands") is an extinct class of predatory arthropods. They had a pair of short enlarged appendages at the front.  They look like early chelicerates.

Most of them lived in marine environments round the world from the lower to middle Cambrian. It looks like they were quite common then. However, one perfectly preserved specimen of _Enalikter_ was found in the Silurian of Herefordshire (England). Another species (_Bundenbachiellus_) was found in the early Devonian of Germany.
Sonoma County Transit

_Sonoma County Transit_ is a public transportation system based in Sonoma County, California.

As the primary bus system with the county, the system operates lines to Petaluma, Santa Rosa, Cotati, Rohnert Park, Healdsburg, and Guerneville.  It also runs one inter-county route to San Rafael in Marin County.

## Cities and communities served

Sonoma County Transit is the primary bus system in the county. It operates to the following communities (listed by zones from south to north):

**Sonoma Coast and Russian River:**
- Guerneville
- Forestville
- Bodega
- Bodega Bay
- Occidental
- Rio Nido
- Monte Rio

**Central Sonoma County (Highway 101 corridor):**
- Petaluma
- Cotati
- Rohnert Park
- Sebastopol
- Santa Rosa
- Windsor
- Healdsburg
- Geyserville
- Asti
- Cloverdale

**Sonoma Valley:**
- Temelec
- Sonoma
- El Verano
- Boyes Hot Springs
- Agua Caliente
- Glen Ellen
- Kenwood
- Oakmont

SCT also operates an inter-county route to San Rafael in Marin County. This route makes connections to Golden Gate Transit and Marin Transit services to San Francisco and the East Bay. It also connects within Marin County, as well as a route serving Sonoma County Airport north of Santa Rosa.
La Tour d'Auvergne

The **House of La Tour d'Auvergne** was a French noble family. They had great power and wealth during the 17th and 18th century in France. The family claimed to rule the Duchy of Bouillon from the year of 1456. The duchy was later ceded to France on 26 October 1795. The family had apartments at the Palace of Versailles and a grand townhouse in Paris (now destroyed). The family were notoriously arrogant. They schemed to marry their children well. They tried to gain favour with the royal family of the time. The duchy came into the family through the marriage of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne to Charlotte de La Marck who was a duchess in her own right. The family also claimed to be the sovereign rulers of the Principality of Sedan. The family used several lesser titles such as titles of Duke of Albret and Duke of Château-Thierry from 1651. They held the rank of "Foreign Princes" at Versailles. As such, they were entitled to use the style of _"Highness_".

## Dukes of Bouillon

The dukes were usually addressed by the style of _Serene Highness_.

1. Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1555-1623)
1. Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1605-1652)
1. Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1636-1721)
1. Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668-1730)
1. Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne (1706-1771)
1. Godefroy Charles Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1728-1792)
1. Jacques Léopold de La Tour d'Auvergne (1746-1802)

Jacques Léopold was the last Duke of Bouillon, and following the Napoleonic Wars the duchy was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Notable members and relations

- Catherine de' Medici was the daughter of a La Tour d'Auvergne.
- Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (1611-1675), Marshal of France, younger brother of the second Duke of Bouillon.
- Marie Charlotte de La Tour d'Auvergne the Princess of Beauvau by marriage and painted by Jean Marc Nattier.
- Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne  known as the _Cardinal de Bouillon_ and a famous religious figure of his time.
- Louis Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne known as the Count of Évreux, who also built the _Hôtel d'Évreux_ in Paris the official residence of the President of the French Republic.
County Leitrim

**County Leitrim** () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht. It is named after the village of Leitrim. The population of County Leitrim was 31,798 according to the 2011 Irish Census. The people of Leitrim are know to be some of the soundest in the country.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Leitrim
- **image shield**: County Leitrim arms.svg
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Leitrim.svg
- **area total km2**: 1588
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 26th
- **seat type**: County town, County seat
- **seat**: Carrick-on-Shannon
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Car plates
- **blank info sec1**: LM
- **population**: 31798
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 32nd
- **population as of**: 2011
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Roscommon–South Leitrim (Dáil Éireann constituency), Roscommon–South Leitrim
Sligo–North Leitrim (Dáil Éireann constituency), Sligo–North Leitrim
- **subdivision type4**: EU Parliament
- **subdivision name4**: North-West (European Parliament constituency), North-West
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state, Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Connacht
County Roscommon

**County Roscommon** () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht. It is named after the town of Roscommon. The population of County Roscommon was 65,065 according to the 2011 Irish Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Roscommon
- **image shield**: Logo-contea-Roscommon.png
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Roscommon.svg
- **area total km2**: 2547
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 11th
- **seat type**: County town, County seat
- **seat**: Roscommon
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Car plates
- **blank info sec1**: RN
- **population**: 64065
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 27TH
- **population as of**: 2011
- **government type**: Roscommon County Council, County Council
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Roscommon–South Leitrim (Dáil Éireann constituency), Roscommon–South Leitrim
- **subdivision type4**: EU Parliament
- **subdivision name4**: North-West (European Parliament constituency), North-West
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state, Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Connacht
County Carlow

**County Carlow** () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster. It is named after the town of Carlow. The population of County Carlow was 54,612 according to the 2011 Irish Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Carlow
- **image shield**: Carlow_County_Crest.svg
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Carlow.svg
- **area total km2**: 896
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 31st
- **seat type**: County town
- **seat**: Carlow
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Car plates
- **blank info sec1**: CW
- **population**: 54612
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 30th
- **population as of**: 2011
- **government type**: Carlow County Council, County Council
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Carlow-Kilkenny (Dáil Éireann constituency), Carlow-Kilkenny
- **subdivision type4**: EU Parliament
- **subdivision name4**: South (European Parliament constituency), South
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state, Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Leinster
Alois Brunner

**Alois Brunner** (8 April 1912 – c. 2010) was an Austrian Schutzstaffel (SS) officer. Brunner was wanted for war crimes, and was Adolf Eichmann's assistant. Eichmann referred to Brunner as his "best man". Brunner was wanted for sending at least 140,000 European Jews to the gas chambers.

He was commander of the Drancy internment camp outside Paris from June 1943 to August 1944, from which nearly 24,000 people were deported. He was sentenced to death _in absentia_ in France in 1954 for crimes against humanity. In 1961 and in 1980, Brunner lost an eye and the fingers of his left hand, as a result of letter bombs sent to him by the Israeli intelligence service, called Mossad.

In 2003, the Guardian described him as "the world's highest-ranking Nazi fugitive believed still alive". Brunner was last reported to be living in Syria, whose government had long refused international efforts to locate or apprehend him. There were rumours that he would be extradited, however, after the Syrian Civil War broke out it became hard to negotiate any kind of settlement with the Assad regime, which controlled Syria during Brunner's stay. Other sources suggest he died already in December 2001. He was sentenced again, now to life imprisonment, in France the same year. It has been determined that Brunner helped the Syrian government develop chemical weapons which were later allegedly used on rebels.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Alois Brunner
- **image caption**: Alois Brunner, 1917
- **death date**: c. 2010
- **birth place**: Rohrbrunn, Nádkút, Vas County (former), Vas, Austria-Hungary (now Rohrbrunn, Burgenland, Austria)
- **death place**: Syria
- **alias**: D<sup>r</sup> Georg Fischer
- **rank**: SS-Hauptsturmführer (captain)
- **unit**:  Schutzstaffel
- **commands**: Drancy internment camp
- **laterwork**: Government advisor to the Syrian government; arms dealer in Egypt
Trenton, Illinois

**Trenton** is a city in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,690 at the 2020 census.
Sveio

**Sveio** is a municipality in  [Vestland] County, west coast of Norway.

The mayor, André Mundal Haukås, is elected until late 2027.

## Related pages

- List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
Windows 8.1

**Windows 8.1** is a no longer supported version of Microsoft Windows and the second version of Windows 8.x. It was released on October 17, 2013, the same day as Windows Server 2012 R2. It is a new version of the Windows NT 6.x line, since it changes the version number from 6.2 to 6.3. It is a free update for Windows 8 that can be found in the Windows Store. When Windows 10 was released, Windows 8.1 could be upgraded to Windows 10 for free.

As of August 2023, Windows 8.1 was used by 0.7% of PCs. With Windows 8 at 0.35% of PCs.

## Features

The important new features are:
- The Start button, instead of pointing at the bottom left corner of the taskbar
- Internet Explorer 11 and Metro Internet Explorer
- Support for 3D printing
- Wi-Fi Direct

## End of Mainstream and Extended support

On January 9, 2018, Microsoft ended mainstream support for most editions of Windows 8.1, while mainstream support ended for Embedded editions on July 10 of that year. On July 12, 2022, Microsoft released an update for Windows 8.1 which shows the fullscreen end of support message. It appears an any edition of Windows 8.1 except on Embedded edition. Extended support for all editions of Windows 8.1 ended on January 10, 2023 (aligned the End of ESUs for Windows 7 and Windows 10 Mobile), while extended support for Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry ended on July 11 of that year.  On June 29, 2022, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry get Extended Security Updates for up to three years after their end of extended support date, until July 14, 2026.

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: Windows 8.1
- **version of**: Windows NT
- **logo**: Windows 8 logo and wordmark.svg
- **screenshot**: File:20150214-20150219최광모C36.JPG
- **caption**: Windows 8.1 running on a desktop.
- **developer**: Microsoft
- **family**: Microsoft Windows
- **license**: Trialware, Microsoft Software Assurance, msdn subscription, MSDN subscription, Microsoft Imagine
- **supported platforms**: IA-32, x64
- **kernel type**: Hybrid kernel, Hybrid
- **updatemodel**: Windows Update, Windows Store, Windows Server Update Services
- **release version**: 6.3.9600 with January 10, 2023 update rollup
- **preceded by**: Windows 8 (2012)
- **succeeded by**: Windows 10 (2015)
- **support status**: _All editions except Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry:_

_Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry:_
Postcards from the Edge (movie)

***Postcards from the Edge*** is a 1990 American comedy-drama movie. It is based on a novel of the same name by Carrie Fisher. Fisher also wrote the screenplay. The movie is about a recovering addict trying to restart her acting career. Meryl Streep plays Suzanne. Annette Bening plays Evelyn Ames. Shirley MacLaine plays Doris.

This movie was released on September 14, 1990. It got positive reviews. Its box office was also positive.
Vekoma

**Vekoma Rides Manufacturing** is a Netherlands-based manufacturer that builds amusement park rides.

## History

Vekoma was started in 1926 by a blacksmith named Hendrik op het Veld. The name Velkoma is short for "**Ve**ld **Ko**ning **Ma**chinefabriek", or Veld Koning machine factory. At first they made machines for farming and mining. Later they started to build rides for theme parks. They built rides such as Ferris wheels, roller coasters, water rides, and family-friendly rides.

## Roller coaster models

- Boomerang
- Family Custom Coaster
- Flying Dutchman
- Hammerhead Stall
- Junior Coaster
- Looping Coaster
- Mine Train
- Moterbike Coaster
- Suspended Family Coaster
- Suspended Looping Coaster
- Swinging Turns
- Tilt Coaster
- Wooden Coaster

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Vekoma Rides Manufacturing
- **logo**: Vekoma-Neu.png
- **type**: Private company
- **foundation**: 1926
- **founder**: Hendrik op het Veld
- **location city**: Vlodrop
- **location country**: Netherlands
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **products**: Amusement rides
Green Forest, Arkansas

**Green Forest** is a city in Carroll County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,972 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Green Forest, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Carroll County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Green Forest Highlighted 0528600.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Green Forest in Carroll County, Arkansas.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: Carroll County, Arkansas, Carroll
- **area total km2**: 6.38
- **area total sq mi**: 2.46
- **area land km2**: 6.38
- **area land sq mi**: 2.46
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 1335
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2972
- **population density sq mi**: 1205.68
- **population density km2**: 465.59
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 72638
- **area code**: Area code 870, 870
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-28600
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403736
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Raymond, Illinois

**Raymond** is a small town in Montgomery County, Illinois, United States. The population was 949 at the 2020 census.
As Blood Runs Black

**As Blood Runs Black** is an American deathcore band formed in 2003. _Instinct_ reached number 111 on the Billboard 200 for the week of April 2, 2011.

The band broke up in 2014.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Allegiance_ (2006)
- _Instinct_ (2011)
- _Ground Zero_ (2014)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: As Blood Runs Black
- **img**: ABRB2013.jpg
- **img capt**: As Blood Runs Black in 2013
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, United States, USA
- **genre**: Deathcore, metalcore, melodic death metal
- **years active**: 2003-2014
- **label**: Mediaskare Records, Self-released
- **associated acts**: Upon A Burning Body
- **past members**: Christopher Bartholomew
Greg Kirkpatrick
Dan Sugaran
Nick Stewart
Hector "Leche" De Santiago
Enripue Martin. Jr
Richard Reyes
Louie Ruvalcaba
Bijon Roybal
Kyle Hasenstaab
Jose Davila
Chris Blair
Ernie Flores
Salstopher Roldan Mendez
Ryan Halpert
Jonny McBee
Ken Maxwell
Sonik Garcia
Rosemary Murphy

**Rosemary Murphy** (January 13, 1925 – July 5, 2014) was an American actress of stage, movie, and television. She was nominated for three Tony Awards for her stage work, as well as two Emmy Awards for television work, winning once, for her performance in _Eleanor and Franklin_ (1976). She was known for her role in _To Kill a Mockingbird_ (1962).

Murphy died on July 5, 2014, in Manhattan from esophageal cancer, aged 89.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rosemary Murphy
- **image**: Rosemary Murphy (1970).JPG
- **occupation**: Actress
- **birth place**: Munich, Germany
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Bakir Izetbegović

**Bakir Izetbegović** (born 28 June 1956) is a Bosnian politician. Izetbegović is president of the Party of Democratic Action and son of the late Bosnian president, Alija Izetbegović. In 1981, he graduated from the University of Sarajevo Faculty of Architecture. In 2010, he was elected to be the Bosniak member of the 3-person Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and served to 2018.
Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The **Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina**, often referred to as **Bosnian Croats**, are the third most populous ethnic group in that country. They are one of the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are also a native ethnic group of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as their presence there dates back to the 7th century A.D. Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina have made significant contributions to the culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their native language is Croatian, and about 76% say they are Roman Catholic.

## Related pages

- Croats

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **native name**: _Hrvati Bosne i Hercegovine_
- **native name lang**: sh
- **flag**: Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg
- **flag caption**: Flag of the defunct Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, today the flag of Canton 10 and the West Herzegovina Canton
- **population**: **544,780** (2013)
- **region1**: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation of BiH
- **pop1**: 497,883 (22.44%)
- **region2**: Republika Srpska
- **pop2**: 29,645 (2.41%)
- **region3**: Brčko District
- **pop3**: 17,252 (20.66%)
- **langs**: Croatian language, Croatian
- **rels**: Christianity (Catholic Church)
- **related**: Croats
The Bar-Kays

**The Bar-Kays** is an American funk-R&B-soul band. They started in 1966 in Memphis, Tennessee. Many of their songs were on record charts from the 1960s to the 1980s. The songs included  "Hit and Run", "Anticipation", "Son of Shaft" and "Boogie Body Land".

The list of group members has changed several times.
Middletown, Rhode Island

**Middletown** is a town in southeastern Rhode Island. At the 2020 US Census, 17,075 people lived there.

Middletown was incorporated in 1743.
County Clare

**County Clare** () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Munster. The population of County Clare was 117,196 according to the 2011 Irish Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Clare
- **image shield**: County Clare Crest.svg
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Clare.svg
- **area total km2**: 3450
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 7th
- **seat type**: County town, County seat
- **seat**: Ennis
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Car plates
- **blank info sec1**: CE
- **population**: 117196
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 19th
- **population as of**: 2011
- **government type**: Clare County Council, County Council
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Clare (Dáil Éireann constituency), Clare
- **subdivision type4**: EU Parliament
- **subdivision name4**: North-West (European Parliament constituency), North-West
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state, Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Munster
Pink Panther (statue)

The ***Public Fountain*** (, ) is a statue in South Valencia, Spain. It is between Avda. Ausiàs March and Avda. Peris i Valero. The statue is known by its citizens as _Pantera Rosa_ (_Pink Panther_) because of its colour and figure,

The statue was raised up in 1984 by the architect Miquel Navarro. It was in commemoration of Turia and Júcar waterway.

## Other websites

- Catálogo de la obra de Miquel Navarro.
Duchy of Bouillon

The **Duchy of Bouillon** () (), was a small state located between Luxembourg, Champagne, and the Three Bishoprics and centered on Bouillon. The duchy was claimed by the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. It was officially a State of the Holy Roman Empire. Even though it was a fairly small "state" its capital was the city of Bouillon, now in modern Belgium. The La Tour d'Auvergne family claimed to rule the state from 1456? – 1794 as during the French Revolution it officially changed its legal status to the "Republic of Bouillon". The heir to the ducal throne was traditionally titled the **Prince of Turenne**.

## Dukes of Bouillon

The dukes were usually addressed by the style of _Serene Highness_.
1. Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1655-1623)
1. Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1605-1652)
1. Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1636-1721)
1. Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668-1730)
1. Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne (1706-1771)
1. Godefroy Charles Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1728-1792)
1. Jacques Léopold de La Tour d'Auvergne (1746-1802)

Jacques Léopold was the last Duke of Bouillon, and following the Napoleonic Wars the duchy was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
John Seigenthaler

**John Lawrence Seigenthaler** (; July 27, 1927 – July 11, 2014) was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as an avid supporter of First Amendment rights.

## Career

Seigenthaler joined the Nashville newspaper _The Tennessean_ in 1949. He resigned in 1960 to be Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. He rejoined _The Tennessean_ as editor in 1962. He became publisher in 1973. He became chairman in 1982. He retired as chairman emeritus in 1991.  Seigenthaler was also founding editorial director of _USA Today_ from 1982 to 1991.

### Wikipedia incident

On May 26, 2005, an unregistered Wikipedia user created a five-sentence biographical article about Seigenthaler that contained false and defamatory content. The false statement in Seigenthaler's Wikipedia article read:

> John Seigenthaler Sr. was the assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy in the early 1960s. For a brief time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assassinations of both John, and his brother, Bobby. Nothing was ever proven.

When he found out about this, Seigenthaler directly talked to Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales, who removed the false claims. As Seigenthaler later wrote: "For four months, Wikipedia depicted me as a suspected assassin before Wales erased it from his website's history" on October 5.

## Honors

In April 2014, the Shelby Street Bridge was renamed the John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge in his honor. While reporting for _The Tennessean_ in the 1950s, Seigenthaler once prevented a suicidal man from jumping off the bridge.

## Death

Seigenthaler died of complications from colon cancer on July 11, 2014, at the age of 86. He was surrounded by his family in his home.

## Other websites

- John Seigenthaler Chair of Excellence in First Amendment Studies
- A Word on Words  official website
- Civil Rights & the Press
- _Booknotes_ interview with Siegenthaler on _James K. Polk_, January 18, 2004.
- Oral History Interview with John Seigenthaler Sr.  at Oral Histories of the American South

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Seigenthaler
- **image**: John Seigenthaler Sr. speaking.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: John Seigenthaler, speaking in Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville in 2005
- **birth name**: John Lawrence Seigenthaler
- **birth place**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death cause**: Problems caused by colon cancer
- **occupation**: Journalist, writer
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **children**: John Michael Seigenthaler
Charlie Haden

**Charles Edward "Charlie" Haden** (August 6, 1937 – July 11, 2014) was an American jazz double bass player. He was known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman, pianist Keith Jarrett, and his **Liberation Music Orchestra**, a group he co-led with pianist Carla Bley.

Haden died in Los Angeles on July 11, 2014 after complications from polio, aged 76.

## Other websites

- Heffley. "Haden, Charlie." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press
- Charlie Haden Official Web site
- Charlie Haden interview  on Democracy Now!, September 1, 2006
- Official Documentary Website
- Interview by Ethan Iverson
- All About Jazz Charlie Haden Discography
- NPR interview

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Charlie Haden
- **image**: Charlie Haden 1981.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Charles Edward Haden
- **birth place**: Shenandoah, Iowa, Shenandoah, Iowa, United States
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **instrument**: Double bass
- **genre**: Free jazz, mainstream jazz, post-bop, hard bop, folk-jazz
- **occupation**: Double bassist, composer
- **years active**: 1957–2014
- **associated acts**: Ornette Coleman, Pat Metheny,  Paul Motian, Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Alice Coltrane
RoboCop

***RoboCop*** is a 1987 science fiction action crime movie. It is directed by Paul Verhoeven. The movie stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. It is set in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan in the near future where the police force is run by Security Concepts, a corporation. _RoboCop_ centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is brutally attacked and fatally wounded by a gang of criminals. He is then made into a cyborg law enforcer known as "RoboCop". The movie had two sequels, _RoboCop 2_ (1990) and _RoboCop 3_ (1993). A remake of this movie was released in February 2014.

## Cast

- Peter Weller as Officer Alex J. Murphy / RoboCop
- Nancy Allen as Officer Anne Lewis
- Daniel O'Herlihy as The Old Man
- Ronny Cox as Dick Jones
- Kurtwood Smith as Clarence Boddicker
- Miguel Ferrer as Bob Morton
- Robert DoQui as Sgt. Warren Reed
- Ray Wise as Leon C. Nash
- Felton Perry as Donald Johnson
- Paul McCrane as Emil Antonowsky
- Jesse Goins as Joe P. Cox
- Calvin Jung as Steve Minh
- Del Zamora as Kaplan
- Rick Lieberman as Walker
- Lee de Broux as Sal
- Edward Edwards as Manson
- Mark Carlton as Miller
- Michael Gregory as Lt. Hedgecock
- Kevin Page as Kinney
- Angie Bolling as Ellen Murphy
- James Levine as Jimmy Murphy
- S.D. Nemeth as Bixby Snyder
- Mario Machado as Casey Wong

## Other websites

- Criterion Collection essay by Carrie Rickey

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: RoboCop
- **director**: Paul Verhoeven
- **producer**: Arne Schmidt
- **music**: Basil Poledouris
- **cinematography**: Jost Vacano
- **editing**: Frank J. Urioste
- **distributor**: Orion Pictures
- **runtime**: 102 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $13 million
- **gross**: $53.4 million (US)
Life's a Dance

**Life's a Dance** is the debut studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on October 13, 1992.
Xcelerator

**Xcelerator** is a steel launched roller coaster that was built by Intamin, and is located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California.

## The ride

After the riders have been loaded onto the train at the station, the train is first hooked up to a catch car that is under the train. The train has to move back to hook onto the catch car in order to launch. After 2.3 seconds, the train is released from the catch car, and travels at a speed of  from the station. The train then travels over a  tower, or top hat element, and after that it travels through a 110 ft over banked turn, and then a 95 ft over banked turn before coming to a smooth stop over magnetic brakes.

## Problems

Sometimes, a train does not have enough speed to make it over the  top hat element. If that happens, a train tries to go up the tower, stop, then roll back to the station. This is called a shortshot, and it is part of the ride's design. A shortshot can cause the ride to be closed for a period of time while the ride is reset and tested several times before it can be opened again. Rain, weight, the number of time its launched, the outside temperature, and overheating can cause a shortshot.

Xcelerator will not operate in the rain so that a shortshot does not happen when the launch track is wet. Then the track needs to dry until it is safe to test the roller coaster. This happens so that a shortshot does not happen.

## Other websites

- Official _Xcelerator_ page
- Xcelerator Pictures on Ultimate Rollercoaster.com.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Xcelerator
- **image**: Xcelerator-Launch.jpg
- **location**: Knott's Berry Farm
- **section**: The Boardwalk
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Launched
- **status**: Operating
- **opened**: June 22, 2002
- **previousattraction**: Windjammer Surf Racers
- **manufacturer**: Intamin
- **designer**: Werner Stengel
- **model**: Accelerator Coaster
- **track**: Dual Overbank Figure 8
- **lift**: Launched roller coaster#Hydraulic, Hydraulic catch car launch
- **height ft**: 205
- **length ft**: 2202
- **speed mph**: 82
- **inversions**: 0
- **restriction in**: 52
- **duration**: 1:02 (25 seconds from launch to brakes)
- **angle**: 90
- **capacity**: 1,330
- **cost**: $13,000,000
- **acceleration**: 0 −  in 2.3 seconds
- **rcdb number**: 1574
- **trains**: 2
- **carspertrain**: 5
- **rowspercar**: 2
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **virtual queue name**: Fast Lane (Cedar Fair), Fast Lane
- **virtual queue image**: Cedar Fair Fast Lane availability icon.svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
Elena Undone

***Elena Undone*** is a 2010 lesbian romantic drama movie. The title character is the wife of a pastor. She has strong feelings for another woman. She later divorces the pastor and falls in love with a woman named Peyton.

This movie got mixed reviews. It is rated 58% by Rotten Tomatoes.
Montessori education

**Montessori education** is an education method that was started by Maria Montessori. The idea is to focus more on the natural interest of a child and hands-on learning rather than a fixed plan. The basic idea is covered in the phrase "Help me, so I can do it myself". The idea was started by Maria Montessori, in the early 20th century. Montessori was a doctor of medicine. During her life, she worked at a mental health institution, where she also had to look after disabled children. She found out that many of them were not intellectually disabled, they simply didn't get the attention they needed. Based on the ideas of Édouard Séguin, she developed special learning tools. With these tools, she could make them curious, and help them focus on learning new things.
Polar climate

**Polar climate** has temperatures below  for much of the year. According to the Köppen climate classification, a polar climate is one in which no monthly average goes above . If the temperature is between  and  in the warmest month, it is a tundra climate. If the average temperature is below  in the warmest month, it is an ice cap climate. These climates are found near the poles and on high mountains. There is usually little precipitation because the air is so dry. Ice cap climates are in the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, Antarctica and at high altitude.

About 20% of the Earth has a polar climate.
Teaching machine

**Teaching machines** were originally mechanical devices. They presented educational materials and taught students. They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey. His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions. When the machine was set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer, tests showed that learning had taken place. Much later, Norman Crowder developed the Pressey idea much further.

B.F. Skinner was responsible for a different type of machine which used his ideas on how learning should be directed with positive reinforcement.

There is extensive experience that both methods worked well, and so did programmed learning in other forms, such as books.
The ideas of teaching machines and programmed learning provided the basis for later ideas such as open learning and computer-assisted instruction.

## Quotes

- Edward L. Thorndike in 1912: "If, by a miracle of mechanical ingenuity, a book could be so arranged that only to him who had done what was directed on page one would page two become visible, and so on, much that now requires personal instruction could be managed by print".
- Pressey in 1932: "Education was the one major activity in this country which has thus far not systematically applied ingenuity to the solution of its problems". (p. 668). He thought the machine he developed would lead to an "industrial revolution in education" (p. 672).
Konstantinos Stephanopoulos

**Konstantinos "Kostis" Stephanopoulos** (, August 15, 1926 – November 20, 2016) was a Greek conservative politician. He served as President of Greece from 1995 to 2005. He was the longest serving president of the Third Hellenic Republic.

Stephanopoulos died at a hospital in Athens, Greece on November 20, 2016 from pneumonia, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Biography from Athens News Agency

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Konstantinos Stephanopoulos
- **nationality**: Greek
- **image**: Kostis stephanopoulos.jpg
- **order**: President of Greece
- **term start**: March 10, 1995
- **term end**: March 12, 2005
- **primeminister**: Andreas Papandreou
Costas Simitis
Kostas Karamanlis
- **predecessor**: Konstantinos Karamanlis, Constantine Karamanlis
- **successor**: Karolos Papoulias
- **birth place**: Patras, Greece
- **death place**: Athens, Greece
- **party**: Democratic Renewal
- **signature**: Signature of Konstantinos Stephanopoulos.png
Ray Lonnen

**Ray Lonnen** (18 May 1940 – 11 July 2014) was an English stage and television actor. His most famous roles include Willie Caine in the cold-war spy drama series _The Sandbaggers_ (1978–80) and also as Harry Brown in the television miniseries _Harry's Game_ (1982).

Lonnen died on 11 July 2014 from cancer, aged 74.

## Other websites

- "The Sandbaggers" OpsRoom.org; accessed 12 July 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ray Lonnen
- **birth place**: Bournemouth, Hampshire, England, UK
- **occupation**: Actor
Nestor Basterretxea

**Nestor Basterretxea Arzadun** (6 May 1924 – 12 July 2014) was a Basque-Spanish artist. He was born in Bermeo, Biscay. In the 1950s and 60s, he worked along with other artists such as Jorge Oteiza, Remigio Mendiburu, and Eduardo Chillida.

In the 1980s Basterretxea was the Culture Councillor for the Basque Government for two years. Towards the end of that decade, he created two of his best known works: La Paloma de Paz (Peace Dove). It was installed in la Zurriola, Donostia (San Sebastian) and later on moved to a roundabout outside the Anoeta Stadium of the same city. In 1989, he created the Monument to the Basque Shepherd. It was installed in Reno, Atlanta.

Basterretxea died in his home in Hondarribia in the morning of 12 July 2014, at the age of 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nestor Basterretxea
- **image**: Néstor_Basterretxea.jpg
- **birth name**: Nestor Basterretxea Arzadun
- **birth place**: Bermeo, Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country
- **death place**: Hondarribia, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country
- **nationality**: Spanish people, Spanish
- **occupation**: Sculpture, Sculptor, Painting, Painter, Filmmaking, Film producer
Valeriya Novodvorskaya

**Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya** (; 17 May 1950 – 12 July 2014) was a liberal  Russian politician and Soviet dissident. She was the founder and the chairwoman of the "Democratic Union" party and a member of the editorial board of the news magazine _The New Times_. Novodvorskaya was a fierce critic of the president Vladimir Putin and his regime.

## Other websites

- Website of Democratic Union
- Opinions on grani.ru (Russian)
- «It can very soon come to pogroms» , interview with Novodvorskaya, Jewish Observer, 21/40. November 2002

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Valeriya Novodvorskaya
- **image**: Valeriya Novodvorskaya3.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **order**: 1st Chairman of the Democratic Union (Russia), Democratic Union
- **term start**: 8 May 1988
- **term end**: 12 July 2014
- **predecessor**: Position created
- **birth name**: Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya
- **birth place**: Baranovichi, Belorussian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **party**: Democratic Union (Russia), Democratic Union
- **occupation**: journalist of "The New Times (Russia), The New Times"
CyanogenMod

**CyanogenMod** is an discontinued operating system for many smartphones and tablet computers. It is based on the Android operating system. CyanogenMod is open source so that it can be forked and audited for possible threats. As of the 23rd of December 2016, CyanogenMod has been discontinued and there are no new official updates to CyanogenMod. Some phones such as the OnePlus One also used CyanogenOS which is based on CyanogenMod.

## Other websites

- CyanogenMod's official website
- OnePlus, maker of a CyanogenMod phone

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: CyanogenMod
- **title**: CyanogenMod
- **logo**: CyanogenMOD textlogo.svg
- **screenshot**: CM 11 Homescreen on Trebuchet Launcher.png
- **caption**: The home screen of a smartphone running CyanogenMod.
- **working state**: Discontinued
- **latest release version**: CyanogenMod version 13.0
- **latest release date**: December 20, 2016
- **succeeded by**: LineageOS
Slugterra: Return of the Elementals

***Slugterra: Return of the Elementals*** is a 2014 Canadian animated movie produced by Nerd Corps Entertainment and distributed by Disney XD, Screen Vision, Shout Factory, and Cineplex. The movie was released in theaters on August 2, 2014 in the United States.

## Plot

Junjie (Previously the Dark Slinger from _Slugterra: Ghoul from Beyond_) joins the Shane Gang. They must stop an evil alliance led by the Goon Doc from _Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond_ from finding the four ancient elemental slugs—earth, air, fire, and water—which Goon Doc could use to destroy the 99 caverns.

## Cast

- Samuel Vincent as Eli Shane/Will Shane
- Andrew Francis as Kord Zane/Shadow Clan
- Lee Tokar as Pronto Germiole
- Shannon Chan-Kent as Trixie Sting
- Vincent Tong as Junjie
- Brian Dubson as Goon
- Mark Oliver as Blakk

## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Johnny Darrel
- **producer**: Asaph Fipke
Nancy Leese
 Ken Faire
 Chuck Johnson
- **writer**: Guy Toubes
Johnathan Callan
Ken Faier
- **music**: Brian Curson
- **studio**: Nerd Corps Entertainment
- **distributor**: Screen Vision
Shout Factory!
Disney XD (Canadian TV channel), Disney XD
Cineplex
 Eone Entertainment
- **runtime**: 63 minutes
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
French
John Michael Montgomery (album)

***John Michael Montgomery*** is the third studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on March 28, 1995.
RoboCop 2

***RoboCop 2*** is a 1990 American science fiction action movie. It was directed by Irvin Kershner and once again starred Peter Weller, Nancy Allen and Dan O'Herlihy. It is a sequel to the 1987 movie _RoboCop_. The movie is set in the near future in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan. A sequel to this movie, _RoboCop 3_, was released in 1993. A remake of the 1987 movie was released in February 2014.
RoboCop 3

***RoboCop 3*** is a 1993 American science fiction film action movie. It is the third movie in the _RoboCop_ franchise and was directed by Fred Dekker. It's a sequel to _RoboCop_ and _RoboCop 2_. Robert John Bruke replaces Peter Weller as the cyborg RoboCop. Nancy Allen starrs as his colleague for the third and last time. It is set in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan in the near future. A remake of the first film of the same name released in February 2014. The film picks off where the second film left off.
Kochas

**Kochas** is a town in the Rohtas District, Bihar, India. At the 2001 census, 119,576 people lived there. Many of the people are associated with defence jobs. Many people in Kochas are dependent on agriculture and agricultural products. Sometimes lack of rain creates problems for farmers.

The closest railway station to Kochas is in Sasaram,  away. There are three other railway stations in the area. Kochas has everything needed to live a middle class life. Kochas is famous for Kanslilla
Battle of Monocacy

The **Battle of Monocacy** was one of the most important battles of the American Civil War. It was fought near Frederick, Maryland on July 9, 1864. A Confederate army commanded by Jubal Early was marching eastward towards Washington, D.C., to capture the city. A small Union army commanded by Lew Wallace fought the Confederates along the Monocacy River. The battle took most of the day to fight. The Confederates finally made Wallace's force retreat about 4:30 p.m. However, the delay kept the Confederates from reaching Washington until General Grant's soldiers reached the city. The Battle of Monocacy is sometimes called "the battle that saved Washington".

## Battlefield Preservation

The Monocacy National Battlefield, established in 1976 as a unit of the National Park Service, covers 1,647 acres of the battlefield along the Monocacy River south of Frederick, Md. The address is 5201 Urbana Pike, Frederick, Md.

The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 445 acres of the battlefield. some of which is now part of the park.

## Other websites

- Historians mark the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Monocacy
- The Battle of Monocacy; Early's Maryland Campaign
Cape Columbia

**Cape Columbia** is the northernmost point of land of Canada. It is on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is only 769 kilometers (478 miles) from the North Pole.
Outer Banks

The **Outer Banks** are a line of barrier islands off the east coast of North Carolina.

The islands form a 200 mile (320 km) long stretch. The islands are narrow. The islands are supported by tourism. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and the Pamlico Sound is to the west. In the 1580s, the Lost Colony was built on the Outer Banks. The Wright Brothers's first flight happened on the Outer Banks in 1903.
Jan Nolten

**Jan Nolten** (20 January 1930 – 13 July 2014) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer. Nolten rode in five Tours de France, and won two stages.

## Death

Nolten was hospitalized in July 2014 after suffering a brain hemorrhage and died three days later.

## Palmarès

- 1952
    - Tour de France:
        - Winner stage 12
- 1953
    - Tour de France:
        - Winner stage 8
- 1956
    - Giro d'Italia:
        - Winner stage 12

## Other websites

- Official Tour de France results for Jan Nolten

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Jan Nolten
- **image**: Sjefke Janssen en Jan Nolten.JPG
- **caption**: Jan Nolten (right) with Sjefke Janssen in 2003
- **fullname**: Jan Nolten
- **birth place**: Sittard, the Netherlands
- **death place**: Sittard, the Netherlands
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **ridertype**: Climber
- **majorwins**: 2 stages Tour de France
1 stage Giro d'Italia
Lorin Maazel

**Lorin Varencove Maazel** (March 6, 1930 – July 13, 2014) was an American conductor, violinist and composer.

## Early life

Maazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His father, Lincoln Maazel, was also a conductor.

## Career

In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO Berlin) from 1964 to 1975.

## Death

He died aged 84 on July 13, 2014, his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lorin Varencove Maazel
- **image**: Maazel 08.jpg
- **caption**: Maazel in 2008
- **birth date**: 6 March 1930
- **death date**: 13 July 2014
- **occupation**: Composer, conductor and violinist
Emil Bobu

**Emil Bobu** (22 February 1927 – 12 July 2014) was a Romanian Communist activist and politician. He was Interior Minister from 1973 to 1975. He was Labor Minister from 1979 to 1981. He was an influential figure in the later years of the Communist regime until his downfall during the 1989 Revolution.

Bobu died on 12 July 2014 at University Emergency Hospital Bucharest from a heart attack.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emil Bobu
- **image**: Bobu 1977.jpg
- **caption**: Bobu (left) honored by Nicolae Ceauşescu on his 50th birthday, 1977
- **birth place**: , Botoşani County, Kingdom of Romania, Romania
- **criminal charge**: Aggravated manslaughter
- **criminal penalty**: Ten years
- **criminal status**: Paroled
- **organization**: Romanian Communist Party
- **spouse**: Maria Bobu
Carin Mannheimer

**Carin Mannheimer** (_Karin Birgitta Mannheimer_; _Jacobson_ 17 August 1934 – 11 July 2014) was a Swedish dramatist, screenwriter, author and film director. Mannheimer was known for her book _Rapport om kvinnor_ ('Report on Women') (1969).

According to a text message sent by her daughter to the newspaper Göteborgs-Posten Mannheimer died unexpectedly on 11 July 2014 at the age of 79.
Dave Legeno

**David** "**Dave**" **Legeno** (12 October 1963 – 6 July 2014) was an English actor, boxer, and mixed martial artist. He was best known for his role as the werewolf Fenrir Greyback in three _Harry Potter_ movies; _Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince_ (2009), _Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1_ (2010) and _Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2_ (2011). He also had roles in _Batman Begins_ (2005), _Stormbreaker_ (2006) and _Snow White and the Huntsman_ (2012).

Legeno was born in Marylebone, London. He lived with his daughter, Wendy, in England.

Legeno was found dead by hikers on 6 July 2014. He was hiking at the Death Valley National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. His cause of death was heat stroke. He was 50.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dave Legeno
- **birth name**: David Legeno
- **birth place**: Marylebone, London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **death place**: Death Valley, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, Boxing, boxer, Mixed martial arts, mixed martial artist
- **years active**: 2000–2014
- **children**: 1 (daughter)
Kickin' it Up

***Kickin' it Up*** is the second studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on January 25, 1994.