juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Battle of Crécy

The **Battle of Crécy** happened on 26 August 1346 near Crécy in northern France, and was one of the most important battles of the Hundred Years' War. The smaller English army won against the much larger French army. New tactics and weapons make this an important battle in the history of warfare because the English used longbows to win against French knights. The longbow was a faster weapon to fire than the French and Genoan crossbow and could send arrows farther than the crossbow and with more force.

Before the battle during the Middle Ages, knights had been the most important part of an army during the Middle Ages. The change causes some historians to call the battle the beginning of the end of chivalry.

## Battle

In the battle, the French knights, protected by chain mail reinforced with metal plate, were nearly exhausted by charging several miles into the battle against the wishes of King Philip VI. Their horses had to walk through deep mud and charge up a hill into a storm of English and Welsh arrows and were cut down. Many French nobles died.

The knights' horses were barely protected at all. The storm of arrows killed or disabled the horses and left the knights floundering in the mud on foot beneath a hail of arrows.

The bolts (heavy arrows) of the Genoese crossbowmen at the forefront of the battle could not reach the English. They fell short because the  crossbow strings were wet. The archers had also misjudged the range and shot too early and too low. The English, controlling the high ground, ran a short distance down the hill and pick off the Genoese with volleys of arrows. As the Genoese attempted to retreat, they were cut down by the French knights, who thought the withdrawal was cowardly. That wasted the first charge of French cavalry and left them disorganised for the charge on the English.

In a very strong defensive position, King Edward III ordered for everyone to fight on foot. He split the army in three divisions, one of which commanded by his sixteen-year-old son, Edward, the Black Prince. The archers were set in a V-formation along the top of the hill. While they waited, the English built a system of ditches, pits and caltrops to hurt and bring down the enemy cavalry.

## Notes

- Battle of Auberoche was before this one
102 (number)

**102** (also written as **CII** or **one hundred [and] two**) is a number. It is after 101 and before 103, and is even. 102 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 17, 34, 51, and 102.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 102
Coffea

***Coffea*** (**coffee**) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Out of about 120 species, we make coffee from only two, _Coffea arabica_ and _C. canephora_.

_Coffea_ are shrubs or small trees, native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. The seeds are called "beans" in the coffee trade. Beans from the two productive species are widely cultivated in tropical countries. Coffee is one of the world's major commodity crops and is the major export product of some countries.

The caffeine in coffee "beans" protects the seeds of the plant. It is a form of natural plant defense against herbivory. The fruits and leaves also contain caffeine, and can be used to make a tea called 'Coffee cherry tea'. The fruit is also used in many types of soft drink.

Several insect pests attack the plants and affect coffee production.
Coffee is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species.

## History

in Europe Coffee entered Europe through two routes, through land trade of the Ottoman Empire and through sea trade, from the ports of Yemen and the Horn of Africa. Was.

It was also raised in this country. Around 1650 AD, coffee was imported to England and coffeehouses were established in Oxford and London.

The cultivation of coffee plant in England started from the same time, but pests and the cold weather of the region destroyed the coffee plants and the British had to turn to tea cultivation instead of coffee cultivation,  first in Europe to coffee as a drink. Muslims were viewed with suspicion, but it is said that around the year 1600, Pope Clement VIII  enjoyed a cup of coffee so much that he considered its monopoly in the hands of Muslims as a great mistake and demanded to "baptize" it. Coffee drinking in Austria increased dramatically after the defeat of the siege of Vienna in 1683 and the confiscation of their large coffee reserves.

Before the beginning of the 18th century, the use of coffee drinks was common throughout Europe. European countries introduced this plant to tropical regions so that these countries can cultivate and mass produce coffee plants. In Europe, like the Middle East and Greater Iran, coffeehouses became a place for socializing, studying and exchanging opinions on current issues. Another similarity was the possibility of turning them into a gathering place for undesirable elements and vandals. Charles II, King of England, introduced coffeehouses as "places for traitors to meet, and to spread vulgar gossip about his Majesty and his ministers." In the 18th century, the famous Paris coffee house, Café Procope, had regular customers such as Mara,  Danton and Robespierre  who planned the revolution there during the French Revolution

## Other websites

- Coffee & Conservation - Many resources on sustainable coffee, including reviews, especially shade coffee and biodiversity
- Just About Coffee — General information webpage about the coffee tree subject.
- _Coffea arabica_ by James A. Duke — detailed information about this species.
Arthur Schlesinger Jr

**Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr.**, born **Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger** (October 15, 1917 – February 28, 2007), was an American historian and social critic. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. His work explored the liberalism of American political leaders, especially that of Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Robert F. Kennedy. He served as Special Assistant and Court Historian to the President in John F. Kennedy's administration. He wrote a lot about the Kennedy administration. These writings have the title _A Thousand Days_.

When the United States thought about invading Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, he was one of only two people who opposed the invasion. The other was William Fulbright. Schlesinger sat silent, except for a private memorandum to the president. He did this, because he did not want to undermine the President's desire for a unanimous decision.

When it had become clear the invasion had failed, Schlesinger later wrote: "In the months after the Bay of Pigs, I bitterly reproached myself for having kept so silent during those crucial discussions in the cabinet room ... I can only explain my failure to do more than raise a few timid questions by reporting that one's impulse to blow the whistle on this nonsense was simply undone by the circumstances of the discussion."

Schlesinger contributed many things to liberal theory. He was mostly for the kind of liberalism Kennedy did. He was admired for his wit, scholarship, and devotion to delineating the history and nature of liberalism. Since 1990 he had been a critic of multiculturalism.

He popularized the term "imperial presidency" during the Nixon administration by writing the book _The Imperial Presidency_.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
- **image**: Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. 1961.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. in the early 1960s
- **birth place**: Columbus, Ohio
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York (state), New York
- **occupation**: Historian, writer
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **period**: 1939–2006
- **subject**: Politics, Social issues, History
- **movement**: American liberal theory
Vu Quang National Park

**Vu Quang National Park** is a national park in Ha Tinh Province, Bac Trung Bo, Vietnam. Saola and _Muntiacus vuquangensis_ are a species found in this park. Vu Quang National park has a high mountainous topography, which is separated from the surrounding. It has a tropical climate that is a good condition for the growth of animals and plants. This is a precinct virgin forest that is remained in Vietnam and is a value ecology for economy, scientific and landscape.

## Infobox (_protected_area)

- **name**: Vu Quang National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **location**: Bac Trung Bo
- **nearest city**: Ha Tinh (city), Hà Tĩnh
- **established**: 2002
- **governing body**: People's Committee of Hà Tĩnh province
Bae Yong-joon

**Bae Young Joon** is an actor from Seoul. He became popular in Japan on the hit Korean drama, "A Winter Tale". He was born on August 29, 1972.
He is known for being handsome. He stars in another Korean history drama, _Tae Wang Sa Shin Gi_, which is popular in both Korea and Japan.

### Films

- 2005: _April Snow_
- 2003: _Untold Scandal_
- 1995: _PpilKu_

### Drama

- 2007: _The Story of the First King's Four Gods_ (MBC)
- 2007: _Hotelier (TV Asahi)_ (TV Asahi) - Shin Dong Hyuk, Frank
- 2002: _Winter Sonata_ (_Winter Love Story_, KBS) - Kang Jun-sang/Lee Min-hyung
- 2001: _Hotelier_ (MBC) - Shin Dong Hyuk, Frank
- 1999: _Did We Really Love?_ (_True To Love_ MBC) - Gang Jae-ho
- 1998: _The Barefooted Youth_ (KBS)
- 1997: _First Love_ (KBS) - Sung Chan-woo
- 1996: _Papa_ (KBS) - Choi Hyun-jun
- 1995: _A Sunny Place of The Young_ (KBS)
- 1995: _Sea Breeze_ (PSB) Jang Moo-hyung
- 1995: _Six Steps to Separation_ (KBS)
- 1994: _Salut D'Amour_ (_Love Greeting_) (KBS) - Kim Yong-min

## Other websites

- Bae Yong Jun Official Website
Urban districts of Germany

In Germany an **Urban District** ( is a large town or city that is responsible for its own local government. Germany is divided into 429 districts. 313 are rural districts (_Landkreise_, see List of German rural districts) and 116 urban districts (_Kreisfreie Städte_ / _Stadtkreise_) which are listed below.

It is not part of a rural district, or county ().

In some states, there is another level of government, the Regierungsbezirk or governmental district.  Several urban and rural districts are joined together to make a regierungsbezirk, which does some of their jobs, especially things in land-use planning which can affect several districts.

They are the equivalent of an independent city in the United States or unitary authority in the United Kingdom.

### Lower Saxony

¹ _following the "Göttingen Law" of January 1 1964, the town of Göttingen is incorporated into the district (_Landkreis_) of Göttingen, but the rules on urban districts still apply, as long as no other rules exist._

² _following the "Law on the region of Hannover", Hannover counts since November 1 2001 as an urban district as long as no other rules apply._

### Saarland

There are no longer any urban districts. The town of Saarbrücken used to be an urban district but became incorporated into the Saarbrücken Town Federation on January 1 1974.

### Saxony

<sup>1</sup>The urban districts of Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Plauen und Zwickau lost their status as „Kreisfreie Stadt“ on 1st July 2008 in a reform of Saxony's districts.

## Related pages

- Districts of Germany
- List of German districts
- Local government of Germany
- Rural districts of Germany
Tel Megiddo

**Megiddo** () is a hill in Israel. It is near the modern settlement of Megiddo, and is known for theological, historical and geographical reasons.

In ancient times, Megiddo was an important city-state. It is also known alternatively as Tel Megiddo (Hebrew) and Tell al-Mutesellim (Arabic). According to some interpretations of the Christian Bible, this will be the place for Armageddon (that derives from the name's place in Hebrew) or the final battle between the forces of light led by Jesus Christ and the forces of darkness led by Satan or the Anti-Christ after the "End of Days".

Megiddo is a _tel_ (hill or mound) made of 26 layers of the ruins of ancient cities in a strategic location at the head of a pass through the Carmel Ridge, which overlooks the Valley of Jezreel from the west.

## Infobox (ancient site)

- **name**: Tel Megiddo
- **image**: תל מגידו.JPG
- **caption**: Aerial view of Tel Megiddo
- **map type**: Israel
- **map size**: 150
- **location**: Near Megiddo, Israel, Kibbutz Megiddo, Israel
- **region**: Levant
- **type**: Settlement
- **built**: c. 7000 BCE
- **abandoned**: 586 BCE
- **designation1**: WHS
- **designation1 offname**: Biblical Tells – Megiddo, Hazor (archaeological site), Hazor, Tel Be'er Sheva, Beer Sheba
- **designation1 date**: 2005 <small>(29th World Heritage Committee, session)</small>
- **designation1 number**: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1108 1108]
- **designation1 criteria**: ii, iii, iv, vi
- **designation1 type**: Cultural
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free1value**: Israel
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia, Asia-Pacific
Neo-Babylonian Empire

The **Neo-Babylonian Empire** or **Second Babylonian Empire** (also known as **Chaldea**) refers Babylonia during the 11th, or Chaldean, dynasty. The old empire was torn apart by civil wars in the mid-7th century BC. "Chaldea" meant the southern part of Babylonia. A Chaldean became the king of Babylon.

This new dynasty ruled from 626 BC, when Nabopolassar rebelled against Assyria, to 539 BC, when Cyrus the Great captured the city of Babylon. King Nebuchadnezzar II ruled the kingdom from 605 BC to 562 BC.

## Other websites

- Chaldea on Answers.com
- Chaldea on Jewish Encyclopedia
Aguascalientes

**Aguascalientes** is a state in Mexico that is in the north central part of the country. Its state capital is the city of Aguascalientes. The state's name means "hot waters" in Spanish. People gave it this name because there are many hot springs in the area. The adjective for Aguascalientes is _hidrocálido_, because _hidro_ means water and _cálido_ means hot.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aguascalientes
- **official name**: Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes
- **native name**: <small>_Estado Libre y Soberano de Aguascalientes_</small>
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: States of Mexico, State
- **image flag**: Flag of Aguascalientes.svg
- **flag size**: 160px
- **flag alt**: :es:Escudo de
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Aguascalientes.svg
- **seal size**: 80px
- **seal link**: Seal of Aguascalientes
- **motto**: <small>_Bona Terra, Bona Gens, Aqua Clara, Clarum Coelum_</small><small>_(Good Earth, Good People, Clear Water, Clear Sky)_</small>
- **image map**: Aguascalientes in Mexico (zoom).svg
- **map caption**: State of Aguascalientes within Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Capital city, Capital (and List of cities in Mexico, largest city)
- **subdivision name1**: Aguascalientes City
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipalities
- **subdivision name3**: Municipalities of Aguascalientes, 11
- **established title**: Sovereign state, Admission
- **established date**: February 5, 1857
- **established title2**: Territorial evolution of Mexico, Order
- **established date2**: Territorial evolution of Mexico, 24th
- **leader title**: Governor of Aguascalientes, Governor
- **leader name**: María Teresa Jiménez Esquivel, Tere Jiménez
- **leader title1**: Senate of Mexico, Senators
- **leader title2**: Chamber of Deputies of Mexico, Deputies
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 5617.80
- **area note**: List of Mexican states by area, Ranked 29th
- **elevation max m**: 3050
- **population total**: 1,312,544
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of Mexican states by population density, 4th
- **population demonym**: Hidrocálido (a)
- **population rank**: List of Mexican states by population, 27th
- **timezone1**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: −6
- **timezone1 dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Mexico, Postal code
- **postal code**: 20
- **area code type**: Area code
- **iso code**: MX-AGU
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **blank info sec1**: 0.763 <span style="color:#090;">high</span> <small>List of Mexican states by HDI, Ranked 9th</small>
- **blank name sec2**: GDP
- **blank info sec2**: US$ 7,435.49 Million, mil
- **footnotes**: a. The state's GDP was 95,174,314 thousand Mexican peso, pesos in 2008, amount corresponding to 7,435,493.3 thousand Dollar coin (United States), dollars, being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of June 3, 2010).
Vicksburg, Mississippi

**Vicksburg** is the 20th-largest city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the seat of the County of Warren. It is the only city in the county. It is a riverport on the east bank of the Mississippi River. It is most famous for the American Civil War battle fought there, in which the Union won. It is the county seat of Warren County, Mississippi.  In 2020, the population (the number of people living there) was 25,740.

## Suburbs

- Beechwood, Mississippi (Unincorporated community)
- Delta, Louisiana
- Mound, Louisiana
- Richmond, Louisiana
- Tallulah, Louisiana

## Other websites

|Website|
| --- |
|Vicksburg city website-History|
|Population of Vicksburg|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Vicksburg, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: "Gibraltar of the Confederacy",  "Red Carpet City of the South"
- **image caption**: Clockwise from top: Vicksurg National Military Park, The Vicksburg Hotel view, U.S. Post Office in Downtown Vicksburg, Lower Mississippi River Museum in Vicksburg and MS American Song Boat on Yazoo River
- **image map**: Warren_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Vicksburg_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Vicksburg in Warren County, Mississippi (left) and of Warren County in Mississippi
- **map caption1**: Interactive map of Vicksburg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Warren County, Mississippi, Warren
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title1**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **named for**: Newitt Vick
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 90.89
- **area land km2**: 85.51
- **area water km2**: 5.38
- **area total sq mi**: 35.09
- **area land sq mi**: 33.02
- **area water sq mi**: 2.08
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 21573
- **population density km2**: 252.28
- **population density sq mi**: 653.39
- **population urban**: 25888
- **population metro**: 42649 (US: Micropolitan statistical area, 293rd)
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: –6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: –5
- **elevation m**: 74
- **elevation ft**: 243
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 39180, 39181, 39182, 39183
- **area code**: Area codes 601 and 769, 601 and 769
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-76720
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0679216
Chrysler Building

The **Chrysler Building** is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 1,046 feet (319 m) tall and has 77 floors. It was built in 1931 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

The Chrysler Building was the tallest building in the world from 1930 to 1931. Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Bank of the Manhattan Company Building, now called The Trump Building. The Empire State Building became the tallest one year later.  The Chrysler Building is still the tallest brick building in the world.

The Chrysler Building was also the tallest structure in the world from 1930 to 1931.  Before it was built, the tallest structure in the world was Eiffel Tower. The Empire State Building became the tallest within a year later.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world
- List of tallest buildings in New York City

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Chrysler Building
- SkycraperPage.com – Chrysler Building

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Chrysler Building
- **image**: Chrysler Building.jpg
- **highest prev**: The Trump Building
- **highest next**: Empire State Building
- **building type**: Skyscraper
- **highest start**: 1930
- **highest end**: 1931
- **location**: New York City
United States
- **floor count**: 77 Floor
- **location country**: United States
- **status**: Active
- **construction start date**: Start in 1931
- **completion date**: Conclusion in 1930
- **opened date**: 1929-1930
- **antenna spire**: 319 m (1046 ft)
Altenburger Land

**Altenburger Land** is a rural district in Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The city of Altenburg and the surrounding land were the tiny duchy of Saxe-Altenburg from 1826 to 1918; afterwards it was a state within the Weimar Republic for a short time, before it was dissolved in 1922 in order to join the state of Thuringia.

The district in its present borders was started in 1922 as "Altenburg". In 1952 districts was split in two, called Altenburg and Schmölln. They were joined up again in 1994, but called "Altenburger Land".

Altenburger Land is the easternmost district of Thuringia. It is a mainly agricultural region.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Altenburg # Gößnitz # Lucka # Meuselwitz # Schmölln|valign=top|# Heyersdorf # Nobitz # Ponitz # Saara|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||* **1. Altenburger Land** # Altkirchen # Dobitschen # Drogen # Göhren # Göllnitz # Großröda # Lumpzig # Mehna<sup>1</sup> # Naundorf # Starkenberg # Tegkwitz||* **2. Oberes Sprottental** # Heukewalde # Jonaswalde # Löbichau # Nöbdenitz<sup>1</sup> # Posterstein # Thonhausen # Vollmershain # Wildenbörten * **3. Pleißenaue** # Fockendorf # Gerstenberg # Haselbach # Treben<sup>1</sup> # Windischleuba||* **4. Rositz** # Kriebitzsch # Lödla # Monstab # Rositz<sup>1</sup> * **5. Wieratal** # Frohnsdorf # Göpfersdorf # Jückelberg # Langenleuba-Niederhain<sup>1</sup> # Ziegelheim|
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft|||||

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (district de)

- **name**: Altenburger Land
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Altenburger Land.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Altenburg
- **area**: 569.41
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16077
- **population**: 91607
- **density**: 161
- **district admin**: Uwe Melzer
- **admin party**: Christian Democratic Union of Germany, CDU
- **carsign**: ABG, SLN
- **url**: [http://www.altenburgerland.de/ altenburgerland.de]
WWF

**WWF** may stand for:
- World Wide Fund for Nature (before called the World Wildlife Fund), an organization for the protection of the natural environment
- World Wrestling Federation (Former name of WWE, a professional wrestling entertainment company)
- World Water Forum, an international forum for water problems organized by the World Water Council
- Wesley Willis Fiasco, an American punk rock band
- Windows Workflow Foundation, Microsoft's workflow management software
Tennessee River

The **Tennessee River** is a tributary, or a river that flows into, the Ohio River. Its path makes a crescent. It starts in eastern Tennessee before entering Alabama. After entering Alabama it goes north and for a few miles, forms the boundary between Alabama and Mississippi. Then it flows through Tennessee and Kentucky, where it joins with the Ohio River at the city of Paducah. The watershed for the Tennessee River includes parts of the states of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Alabama

## Other websites

- Map of the Tennessee River.html)
Woolworth Building

The **Woolworth Building** is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 241 meters (792 feet) tall and has 57 floors.  It was built in 1913 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

A businessman named Frank Winfield Woolworth wanted the building to be built for his business, F. W. Woolworth Company. It was created by an architect named Cass Gilbert. The building was called _the Cathedral of Commerce,_ which means it was like a church of business.

The Woolworth Building was the tallest building in the world from 1913 to 1930.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower.  The Bank of the Manhattan Company Building (now named The Trump Building) became the tallest twenty-seven years later.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world
- List of tallest buildings in New York City

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Woolworth Building
- SkycraperPage.com – Woolworth Building
- Australianearme.com – Сatalogue Woolworths

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Woolworth Building
- **image**: Woolworth Building Apr 2005.jpg
- **highest prev**: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
- **highest next**: Bank of the Manhattan Company Building
(now named The Trump Building)
- **highest start**: 1913
- **highest end**: 1930
- **location**: New York City
United States
- **floor count**: 57
- **completion date**: 1913
- **antenna spire**: 241 m (792 ft)
Keystroke logging

A **keylogger** is a piece of software or computer hardware which records keystrokes on a computer. Its most common use is in spyware to obtain passwords and credit card details. The government sometimes uses keyloggers to break encryption and to spy on wrong-doers.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower

The **Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower** (also called the **Met Life Tower**) is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is 213 meters (700 feet) tall and has 50 floors.  It was built in 1909.

The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower was the tallest building in the world from 1909 to 1913.  Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was the Singer Building.  The Woolworth Building became the tallest four years later.

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Metropollitan Life Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – Met Life Tower

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
- **image**: Met Life Tower.jpg
- **highest prev**: Singer Building
- **highest next**: Woolworth Building
- **highest start**: 1909
- **highest end**: 1913
- **location**: New York City
United States
- **floor count**: 50
- **completion date**: 1909
- **antenna spire**: 213 m (700 ft)
KLM

**KLM Royal Dutch Airlines** is an airline that is a part of Air France-KLM. It is based in Amstelveen, Netherlands. KLM stands for  Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, meaning _Royal Aviation Company_.

KLM is the main airline of the Netherlands, flies to 90 different destinations and its main airport or hub is  Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. KLM is the world's oldest airline with its original name. In September 2014, KLM had around 32,000 people working for it. It is a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance.

## Other websites

- Route map and statistical information

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: KLM
- **image**: 444
- **iata**: KL
- **icao**: KLM
- **callsign**: KLM
- **frequent flyer**: Flying Blue
- **alliance**: SkyTeam
- **fleet size**: 120
- **destinations**: 145
- **company slogan**: _Journeys of Inspiration_
- **parent**: Air France–KLM
- **num employees**: 35,488 (2015)
- **logo**: KLM logo.svg
- **logo size**: 125
- **headquarters**: Amstelveen, Netherlands
- **key people**: * Albert Plesman, Founder
*
- **subsidiaries**: * KLM Cityhopper
* KLM Asia
* Martinair
* Transavia
* Cygnific
- **revenue**: €9.80 billion (2016)
- **operating income**: €691 million (2016)
- **website**: [http://www.klm.com/ klm.com]
Kentucky River

The **Kentucky River** is a river in the state of Kentucky. It is a tributary of, or flows into, the Ohio River and is 259 miles long. The city of Frankfort is located on the Kentucky River. It is formed at Beattyville, Kentucky, which is in Lee County, which is where the North and South Forks come together.

## Description

The river is formed in eastern Kentucky at Beattyville, in Lee County, when the North, Middle and South Forks meet at about 670 feet (204 m). The river flows generally northwest, and is highly meandering in the mountains. It then flows through Daniel Boone National Forest, then past Irvine and Boonesborough, then southwest, passing south of Lexington, then north through Frankfort. It joins the Ohio at Carrollton.

Approximately 15 mi (25 km) southwest of Boonesborough it is joined by the Red River. About 20 mi (30 km) southwest of Boonesborough it is joined by Silver Creek. At High Bridge, it is joined by the Dix River. At Frankfort, it is joined by Benson Creek. 10 mi north of Frankfort, Elkhorn Creek flows into the river.

Between Clays Ferry in Madison County and Frankfort, the river passes through the Kentucky River Palisades. The latter is a series of steep gorges approximately 100 mi (160 km) in length.

According to Robert F. Collins of the United States Forest Service, Dr. Thomas Walker named the river, in 1750, Louisa River, after Princess Louisa, the wife of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. Later, the name Louisa became Levisa and shifted to the nearby stream today called Levisa Fork River.

## References

- Collins, Robert F. "A History of the Daniel Boone National Forest". (1975)
- Arthur Benke & Colbert Cushing, "Rivers of North America".  Elsevier Academic Press, 2005
- Rhodes, Captain Rick, "The Ohio River --In American History and Voyaging on Today's River" has a section on the Kentucky River, Heron Island Guides, 2007,
Singer Building

The **Singer Building** was a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It was 213 meters (700 feet) tall and had 50 floors.  It was built in 1908 and demolished in 1968 to make room for the U.S. Steel Building (now One Liberty Plaza). The Singer Building was the tallest building in the world demolished by a company, until 270 Park Avenue, also located in Manhattan, was demolished in 2019.

The Singer Building was the tallest building in the world from 1908 to 1909. Before it was built, the tallest building in the world was Philadelphia City Hall. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower became the tallest one year later.

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Singer Building

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Singer Building
- **image**: SingerBuilding.jpg
- **highest prev**: Philadelphia City Hall
- **highest next**: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
- **highest start**: 1908
- **highest end**: 1909
- **location**: New York City
United States
- **demolition date**: 1968
- **floor count**: 47
- **completion date**: 1908
- **antenna spire**: 187 m (612 ft)
Batuque (religion)

**Batuque** is an African-inspired or Afro-Brazilian religion, practiced mainly in Brazil. The religion started in the city of Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul.
Macumba

**Macumba** is one of the Afro-Brazilian religion that mixes Umbanda, Quimbanda, Candomblé and other religions, in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and specially Bahia, Brazil, where those religions were born.
Umbanda

**Umbanda** is the only 100% Brazilian religion. It mixes Candomblé, Kardecism as well as Roman Catholicism. It was created by the native people of Brazil as well as Africans who were slaves or ex - slaves, had the intention of using medicine herbs to cure people with rituaslistic sessions.
Guitar Hero

**Guitar Hero** may mean:

- _Guitar Hero_ (series), a series of music video games published by RedOctane and Activision that includes the following titles:
    - _Guitar Hero_ (video game), the first video game in the series
    - _Guitar Hero II_
    - _Guitar Hero Encore: Rocks the 80s_
    - _Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock_
    - _Guitar Hero III Mobile_
    - _Guitar Hero World Tour_

- Guitar Hero (song), a song by Monkey Steals the Peach
- _Guitar Heroes_, a 2004 classic music album by the Los Angeles Guitar Quartet
Geo (automobile)

**Geo** was a brand of economy cars sold by Chevrolet dealerships. Geo was founded in 1989 to compete with Japanese automotives. Geo's roots date back to the 1970s in which General Motors began selling and offering captive imports. The Buick Opel which was originally an Isuzu Gemini and was also offered to future GM marque Daewoo as the Maepsy (which was sold as a Saehan and later Daewoo model). Geo cars were a joint venture between GM and its Japanese partners which included Toyota, Suzuki and Isuzu.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Geo
- **logo**: Geo symbol.JPG
- **hq location city**: Detroit
- **hq location country**: USA
Geo/Chevrolet Prizm

The **Geo Prizm** was a small car sold by Chevrolet from 1990 to 1997. Replacing the Chevrolet Nova, it was based on a Toyota Corolla Sprinter with the Geo name on it. The Prizm was produced alongside the Corolla and the Tacoma pickup truck at New United Motor Manufacturing in Fremont, California which was jointly owned by General Motors and Toyota from 1985-2010. From 1989-1992 it was sold as a subcompact sedan and hatchback, but in 1992 it was redesigned and sold solely as a compact sedan (this was due to Toyota Corolla and Sprinter being redesigned). The Prizm and the Corolla shared the same parts and engines. It is the only Geo model not sold in Canada under Pontiac. In 1998, the name of the car was changed to Chevrolet Prizm. Due to the discontinued Toyota Sprinter and a loss in sales General Motors replaced the Prizm with the Pontiac Vibe and the Chevrolet Cobalt.
Pontiac Vibe

The **Pontiac Vibe** was a compact car made by General Motors with Toyota at New United Motor Manufacturing plant in Freemont, California. It was only sold as a five-door hatchback. The Vibe has the same engine and parts as the Toyota Matrix and Toyota Corolla. The Vibe and Matrix were made in different factories. The Vibe had replaced the Chevrolet Prizm in 2002 due to low sales and the discontinued Toyota Sprinter (Prizm was a mere rebadged version of this car).The Vibe was sold in Japan by Toyota as the Voltz from 2002 to 2004. Pontiac Vibe discontinued in 2009 due to General Motors and Toyota's decision to close down NUMMI. After Pontiac announced it would go out of business, General Motors announced that the Vibe would be replaced with Buick Verano (a badge engineered Opel Astra). Though it only offered limited AWD it was often categorized as a compact crossover and competed with the Dodge Caliber. Some components (IE: 2004-2008 AWD Front Wheel-bearings & front drive shafts, and HVAC Balancer valve) are not Toyota compatable.
Geo Metro

The **Geo Metro** was a car sold by Chevrolet from 1989 to 2001. The Metro was made by General motors after the 1989 model year, with the early models being imported ones produced by Suzuki, after 1989 production was moved to the CAMI plant and the metro was sold at Chevrolet dealerships. The Metro was the twin car of the similar Suzuki Cultus, with only minor differences in grilles and interior.  The other names for this car were the Chevrolet Sprint, Suzuki Swift, and Pontiac Firefly, the latter of which was a more performance oriented version of the model and was manufactured for the canadian market, the Sprint was the name the Geo Metro got for the canadian market. From 1989-1994, the Metro was offered as a convertible, three door, and five-door hatchback.In 1995 a second generation launched which was designed by General Motors, with the US market Suzuki Swift being a rebadge of this, inverting what was initially done when GM initially rebadged the model which was sold exclusively as a sedan and a 2 door Hatchback, dropping the convertible and the 5 door hatchback, with the 5 door hatchback being replaced by the sedan The second generation Geo Metro was sold as a Geo for 1995 and 1996, with the discontinuation of the Geo brand, the Geo Metro was absorbed into Chevrolet, being sold as the Chevrolet Metro . From 1997-2001, it was sold under Chevrolet. In 2001, the Metro was reduced strictly to rental and fleet status. The Metro was discontinued after 2001. Only to be replaced by the Chevrolet Aveo (derived from the Daewoo Kalos, a Korean model) in 2004. It had the best fuel economy of any gasoline vehicle in the US, with 41 MPG.
One Liberty Plaza

**One Liberty Plaza** is a skyscraper in New York City, United States.  It is  tall and has 54 floors. It was built in 1973.

At first it was named the **U.S. Steel Building,** but later the name was changed to One Liberty Plaza.

The Singer Building, built in 1908 and once the tallest building in the world, was torn down in 1968 to make room for One Liberty Plaza.

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - One Liberty Plaza
- SkyscraperPage.com - 1 Liberty Plaza

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: One Liberty Plaza
- **status**: Completed
- **image**: One Liberty Plaza.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: One Liberty Plaza in 2011
- **location**: 165 Broadway (Manhattan), Broadway, New York City,
New York (state), New York, United States 10006
- **start date**: 1969
- **completion date**: 1972
- **architect**: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
- **owner**: Brookfield Office Properties (51%)
The Blackstone Group, Blackstone (49%)
- **cost**: $120 million
- **floor count**: 54
- **building type**: Commercial; office
- **architectural style**: International Style (architecture), International Style
- **elevator count**: 39
- **structural engineer**: Paul Weidlinger/Weiskopf & Pickworth LLP
- **main contractor**: Turner Construction Company
- **opening**: 1973
- **developer**: U.S. Steel Corporation
Matrixism

**Matrixism** or **The path of the One** is a new religion based on the movie _The Matrix_. It was started by a group of people in the year 2004. By the year 2005, Matrixism had over 300 members and it was seen in books and newspapers. There are now 16,000 members of Matrixism.

Matrixism is a syncretic religion (a religion that joins together all religions). The words "the matrix" are seen in a Baha'i book from the year 1912 named "The Promulgation (starting) of Universal (complete international) Peace". Matrixism uses this fact to make a connection to the history of world religion but the three _Matrix_ motion pictures are Matrixism's Bible (prime book).

Matrixism has five beliefs called "The Four Tenets (rules) of Matrixism". The four rules are; 1) Belief in the prophecy of the One. 2) Use of psychedelics (mind expansion medicine) as sacrament. 3) Seeing the relative nature of the world. 4) Acting by the rules of one of the world's religions. For Matrixism April 19th is a holiday (special day) named Bicycle Day. November 22nd is another holiday for Matrixism named the Day of Remembrance and Reflection. Aldous Huxley, John F. Kennedy and C.S. Lewis all died on this day in 1963.

The sign for Matrixism is 赤, the Japanese kanji for the word "red". This sign was used in the computer game _Enter the Matrix_. The color is a reference to the "red pill", from the motion picture _The Matrix_, which is representative of being able to see that which is true.
Across the Universe

"**Across the Universe**" is a song by the English rock group The Beatles. It was written by John Lennon, and credited to Lennon/McCartney.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Across the Universe
- **artist**: The Beatles
- **album**: Let It Be
- **released**: 8 May 1970
- **recorded**: 4 February 1968, Abbey Road Studios, London, England
- **genre**: Folk rock, psychedelic rock
- **length**: 3:47
- **label**: Apple Records, Apple
- **writer**: Lennon/McCartney
- **producer**: Phil Spector
Bastia

**Bastia** is a town and commune of northern Corsica, in France. It is the capital (in French "préfecture") of the Haute-Corse _département_ and has a population of about 40,000 inhabitants. Bastia is also an important Corsican port and is famous for its wines. The rate of unemployment in the commune has been very high, and was 20% in 2004.

## Geography

Bastia is in the northeast of Corsica, at the base of Cap Corse. Bastia is the main port of the island and its principal commercial town. The wind in Bastia is frequent and violent.

## History

Before the occupation of Corsica by the Genoese, Cardo was a large city. Around the city were little villages where the fishermen of Cardo lived. This little port was called Porto Cardo, which means "the port of Cardo."

The Genoese felt the need to shelter the city from the sea storms and began to construct walls and buildings. In the time of governor Leonello Lomellini, in 1380, they built a _bastiglia_, also known as a citadel. With time, the _bastiglia_ (Bastia) became more prosperous and important than Cardo.

Bastia was the capital of Corsica until 1791.

## Places of interest and monuments

- The Museum of Corsica

## Famous people born in Bastia

- Vincent de Moro Giafferi (1878–1956): lawyer, nicknamed the "Grand Moro"
- César Campinchi (1882–1941): lawyer and French politician
- César Vezzani (1888–1951): opera singer
- John Bernard (1893–1983): American politician
- Angelo Rinaldi (1940— ): French writer and member of the Académie française
- Yves Simonpaoli, painter and professor of dentistry
- Henry Padovani, original guitarist of The Police.

## Sister city

- Erding, in Bavaria, Germany

## Sport

The official football team of Basti is the Sporting Club de Bastia.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Bastia travel information at Wikivoyage
Alchevsk

**Alchevsk** () is a city in the Luhansk Oblast of south-eastern Ukraine.

Alchevsk is one of the largest industrial centers in the Donbas, and comprises a quarter of the oblast's entire production. The city economy depends on OJSC "Alchevsk Iron & Steel Works" and "Alchevsk Coke-Chemical Plant" companies.

The city was known as _Voroshilovsk_ () from 1931 to 1961, and then Kommunarsk () until 1992.
Kommunarsk

**Kommunarsk** (, ) is the railway station in the city of Alchevsk (Ukraine).

Also Kommunarsk is one of old names of Alchevsk.
Guitar Hero: Aerosmith

***Guitar Hero: Aerosmith*** is a rhythm game made by Neversoft with other help from Activision. It is part of the _Guitar Hero_ franchise. The game was released in North America on June 29, 2008, and two days earlier in Europe.

Some of the songs featured in the game include "Combination", "Kings and Queens", "Train Kept A Rollin" and "Mama Kin".

## Other websites

- Official _Guitar Hero_ Community Website
- Official _Guitar Hero: Aerosmith_ Site

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Guitar Hero: Aerosmith
- **developer**: Neversoft
Vicarious Visions (Wii)
Budcat Creations (PS2)
- **publisher**: Activision
- **series**: _Guitar Hero (series), Guitar Hero_
- **released**: In Europe: June 27, 2008,
 in North America: June 29, 2008
- **genre**: Rhythm
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360
Geo

**GEO** or **Geo** can mean any of these:
- GEO (magazine), a popular scientific magazine
- GEO 600, a detector for gravitational radiation
- Global Environment Outlook, an environmental assessment produced by the United Nations
- Geo (microformat), a microformat for marking up WSG84 geographical coordinates in (X)HTML

In shopping:
- Geo (automobile), a defunct brand of entry-level cars produced by General Motors

People:
- **Geo.** is sometimes an abbreviation of the name George.
- Geo, the composer for the J-pop group Sweetbox
- Geo (artist), the Korean manhwa artist.
- Geo Bogza, a Romanian poet and essayist.
- Geo Stelar is the main protagonist in Mega Man Star Force.

In science:
- Geography, the study of the Earth and its features
    - Geology, the study of the Earth's structure
- Geothermal (geology), heat sources from within the Earth
- Geometry, the study of spatial relationships
Batuque

**Batuque** can mean:
- Batuque (game), a game once played in Brazil
- Batuque (religion), an Afro-Brazilian sect of Candomblé
- Batuque (music), a type of music and associated dance form from Cape Verde
Itanagar

**Itanagar** is the capital of the Indian  state of Arunachal Pradesh.

Ita Fort is one of the most important historical sites in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Redwall

***Redwall*** is a series of books written by Brian Jacques.  The first book was written in 1986, and the people are all animals, like mice, rats, moles, otters, stoats, and weasels.  The story is about an abbey called Redwall, and the animals that live there.  _Redwall_ has been made into an opera, and an animated TV series based on three of the novels (_Redwall_, _Mattimeo_, and _Martin the Warrior_), which first aired in 1999. The books are mainly aimed at older children. There were twenty-two novels and two picture books published. The twenty-second, and last novel, _The Rogue Crew_, was published on May 3, 2011, after Jacques' death.

## Overview

The book series does not happen in one particular timeframe. Instead, it is set in many different times in the history of the world of Redwall. Some of the books focus on characters who, in another book, are historical figures (e.g., Martin the Warrior's father, Luke, in _The Legend of Luke_). Usually, those books are set before Redwall Abbey was started. There is a timeline in the Redwall series, but it often places the books in a completely different order than the order they were written. However, there were two times when the novels were published in chronological order.

## Books

There are twenty-two books.
- _Redwall_ (1986)
- _Mossflower_ (1988)
- _Mattimeo_ (1989)
- _Mariel of Redwall_ (1991)
- _Salamandastron_ (1992)
- _Martin the Warrior_ (1993)
- _The Bellmaker_ (1994)
- _Outcast of Redwall_ (1995)
- _The Pearls of Lutra_ (1996)
- _The Long Patrol_ (1997)
- _Marlfox_ (1998)
- _The Legend of Luke_ (1999)
- _Lord Brocktree_ (2000)
- _The Taggerung_ (2001)
- _Triss_ (2002)
- _Loamhedge_ (2003)
- _Rakkety Tam_ (2004)
- _High Rhulain_ (2005)
- _Eulalia!_ (2007)
- _Doomwyte_ (2008)
- _The Sable Quean_ (2010)
- _The Rogue Crew_ (2011)                                                                                                                                               In 2018, Netflix bought the rights to entire series. A film adaptation was announced with the script written by Patrick Mchale. Netflix is currently looking for a potential director for the film. Fans are currently suggesting Guillermo der laro to Direct the film.
Lommiswil

**Lommiswil** is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lommiswil
- **image photo**: Lommiswil03 cropped.jpg
- **municipality name**: Lommiswil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Lommiswil-blason.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lommiswil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Lebern (district), Lebern
- **postal code**: 4514
- **municipality code**: 2551
- **area**: 5.78
- **elevation**: 564
- **website**: www.lommiswil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bellach, Oberdorf, Solothurn, Oberdorf, Selzach
Lostorf

**Lostorf** is a municipality in the district Gösgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lostorf
- **municipality name**: Lostorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Lostorf-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Gösgen (district), Gösgen
- **postal code**: 4654
- **municipality code**: 2493
- **area**: 13.27
- **elevation**: 451
- **population**: 3636
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.lostorf.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Niedergösgen, Obergösgen, Rohr, Solothurn, Rohr, Stüsslingen, Trimbach, Switzerland, Trimbach, Winznau, Wisen, Zeglingen (BL)
- **twintowns**: Rielasingen-Worblingen, Rielasingen (Germany)