juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
David Savard

**David Savard** (born October 22, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Columbus Blue Jackets, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Montreal Canadiens.

Savard is a one-time Stanley Cup champion, winning with the Lightning in 2021.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Savard played one season with the Baie-Comeau Drakkar and three seasons with the Moncton Wildcats of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He had a successful time with the Wildcats. In the 2009-10 season, Savard was awarded the Emile Bouchard Trophy for defencemen of the year, Kevin Lowe Trophy for best defensive defenceman, was named to the First All-Star Team, and won the President's Trophy with the Wildcats.

He was drafted 94th overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 2009 NHL entry draft. On June 3, 2010, Savard signed a three-year, $2,750,000 contract to join the Blue Jackets. was immediately sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Springfield Falcons. On October 7, 2011, the Blue Jackets called him up to play for the team and he made his NHL debut in a 3–2 loss against the Nashville Predators. On October 15, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Václav Prospal goal in a 4–2 loss against the Dallas Stars. On February 7, 2012, Savard scored his first NHL goal against Niklas Bäckström in a 3–1 win against the Minnesota Wild. On July 15, 2013, Savard signed a one-year, two-way contract to stay with the Blue Jackets. On July 5, 2014, he signed a two-year contract to stay with the Blue Jackets. On September 8, 2015, Savard signed a five-year, $21.25 million contract to stay with the Blue Jackets.

On April 10, 2021, the Blue Jackets traded Savard to the Tampa Bay Lightning. It was a three-way trade also involving Detroit Red Wings. The Blue Jackets received a 2021 first-round pick and the Red Wings received a 2022 third-round pick. He helped the Lightning during the playoffs, defeating the Florida Panthers, Carolina Hurricanes, and New York Islanders. In the Finals, they defeated by the Montreal Canadiens four games to one to win the Stanley Cup.

On July 28, 2021, Savard signed a 1-year, $1 million contract to join the Montreal Canadiens. He helped the Canadiens reach the playoffs, where they were defeated in the first round by the Washington Capitals four games to one.

On April 30, 2025, Savard announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: David Savard - Canadiens Capitals Hockey (51707022288).jpg
- **caption**: Savard during his time with the Canadiens on January 2, 2015
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 235
- **played for**: Columbus Blue Jackets
Tampa Bay Lightning
Montreal Canadiens
- **draft**: 94th overall
- **draft year**: 2009
- **draft team**: Columbus Blue Jackets
- **career start**: 2010
- **career end**: 2025
David Shand

**David Alistair Shand** (born August 11, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of 8 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Atlanta Flames, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Washington Capitals.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Shand played two years with the Michigan Wolverines of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) and two seasons with the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League (OMJHL).

He was both drafted 8th overall by the Atlanta Flames in the 1976 NHL amateur draft and 18th overall by the Calgary Cowboys in the 1976 WHA amateur draft. He never played in the WHA however. On October 30, 1976, Shand made his NHL debut in a 3–3 tie against the Vancouver Canucks. On November 13, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Curt Bennett in a 5–3 win against the St. Louis Blues. Four days late, on November 17, Shand scored his first NHL goal against Michel Plasse in a 5–3 win against the Colorado Rockies. On April 1, 1978, Shand assisted on four goals in a 6–0 win against the New York Rangers. With this, he tied a Flames record for most assists in a game. Shand stayed with the team when they moved to Calgary, Alberta to become the Calgary Flames.

On June 10, 1980, the Flames traded Shand along with a 1980 third-round pick to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for a 1980 second-round pick. It was also the first ever trade between the Flames and Maple Leafs. He played 48 regular season games with the Leafs, recording 5 assists.

On October 6, 1983, the Maple Leafs traded Shand to the Washington Capitals in exchange for Lee Norwood. He played 85 regular season games with the Capitals, scoring 5 goals and recording 16 assists.

In 1989, Shand decided to retire from playing professional ice hockey.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: David Shand Panini 1979.jpg
- **caption**: Shand during his time with the Flames in 1979
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Cold Lake, Alberta, Cold Lake, Alberta
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 200
- **played for**: Atlanta Flames
Toronto Maple Leafs
Washington Capitals
- **draft**: 8th overall
- **draft year**: 1976
- **draft team**: Atlanta Flames
- **wha draft**: 18th overall
- **wha draft year**: 1976
- **wha draft team**: Calgary Cowboys
- **career start**: 1976
- **career end**: 1989
Derek Stepan

**Derek Kenneth Stepan** (born June 18, 1990) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He played parts of 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Rangers, Arizona Coyotes, Ottawa Senators, and Carolina Hurricanes. He also played for KalPa of the SM-liiga.

Stepan is a one-time All-Star.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Stepan played parts of two years with the Wisconsin Badgers of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).

He was drafted 51st overall by the New York Rangers in the 2008 NHL entry draft. On July 1, 2010, Stepan signed an entry-level contract to join the Rangers. On October 9, he made his NHL debut in a 6–3 overtime win against the Buffalo Sabres. He had a very successful debut, scoring a hat-trick and becoming the first Rangers rookie in franchise history to do so. He was also only he fourth player in league history to accomplish the feat. On January 11, 2011, he was selected to take part in the All-Star Game. On September 26, 2013, Stepan signed a two-year, $6.15 million contract to stay with the Rangers. He helped the Rangers during the playoffs, defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals. Stepan scored the series-winning overtime goal to help the Rangers reach the Eastern conference final. They were eventually defeated by the Tampa Bay Lightning four games to three in the final. On July 27, 2015, Stepan signed a six-year, $39 million contract to stay with the Rangers.

On June 23, 2017, the Rangers traded Stepan along with Antti Raanta to the Arizona Coyotes in exchange for Tony DeAngelo and a 2017 first-round pick. On October 4, the Coyotes announced Stepan as an alternate captain.

On December 26, 2020, the Coyotes traded Stepan to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for a 2021 second-round pick. He played 20 games with the team, scoring 1 goal and recording 5 assists. On March 2, 2021, his season ended after he underwent shoulder surgery.

On July 31, 2021, Stepan signed a one-year, $1.35 million contract to join the Carolina Hurricanes. On October 11, 2022, he signed a one-year, $750,000 contract to stay with the Hurricanes.

On October 3, 2023, Stepan announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey. After retiring, Stepan became a part of the Wild front office and serves in their player development.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Phoenix Coyotes player Derek Stepan 2019-11-11.jpg
- **caption**: Stepan during his time with the Coyotes on November 11, 2019
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Center
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Hastings, Minnesota, Hastings, Minnesota
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 196
- **played for**: New York Rangers
KalPa
Arizona Coyotes
Ottawa Senators
Carolina Hurricanes
- **ntl team**: USA
- **draft**: 51st overall
- **draft year**: 2008
- **draft team**: New York Rangers
- **career start**: 2010
- **career end**: 2023
Jack Volrich

**Jack J. Volrich** (February 27, 1928 – May 31, 2010) was a Canadian politician. He was the 33rd mayor of Vancouver. He was elected in 1976 and ended his term on November 15, 1980.

Before becoming a politician, Volrich studied law at the University of British Columbia and became a lawyer. After entering politics, he became a member of the TEAM party on Vancouver City Council before his term ended in 1976. He left the TEAM party to become an independent.

In May 1976, Volrich announced that he was making a run to become mayor. In 1976, the people of Vancouver elected Volrich to be their 33rd mayor. As Mayor of Vancouver, he attempted to stop a ward system from being implemented in Vancouver even though 51% of voters had voted in favour of them. He had also wanted a rapid transit system for the city and said that the city should turn the University Endowment Lands into a park. In the 1980 election, Volrich was expected to win a third term but suffered an upset to Mike Harcourt. Volrich received 42,713 votes and Harcourt received 44,271 votes.

On May 31, 2010, Volrich died from kidney failure.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jack Volrich
- **birth name**: Jack J. Volrich
- **birth place**: Anyox, British Columbia
- **office1**: 34th Mayor of Vancouver
- **term start1**: 1976
- **term end1**: November 15, 1980
- **preceded1**: Art Phillips
- **succeeded1**: Mike Harcourt
- **office2**: Vancouver City Councillor
- **term start2**: 1972
- **term end2**: 1976
Dusit district

**Dusit district** is a district in the capital city of Thailand.

## 2025 road collapse into sinkhole

A sinkhole (picture) showed up in September 2025; It is 30 m wide (c. 98 ft), and 30 m long, and 50 m deep (164 ft), as of the last week of September. It happened while a tunnel area was being constructed; That tunnel area is supposed to become a part of the MRT Purple Line. A hospital near the sinkhole, was evacuated. The sinkhole covers about 900 square meters. The incident is sometimes called, the 2025 Bangkok road collapse.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dusit
- **native name**: ดุสิต
- **native name lang**: th
- **settlement type**: List of Districts of Bangkok, Khet
- **image skyline**: Ananta Samakhom Thailand.jpg
- **image caption**: Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall in 2017
- **image map**: Amphoe 1002.svg
- **map caption**: Khet location in Bangkok
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Thailand
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Thailand, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Bangkok
- **subdivision type2**: Seat
- **subdivision name2**: Dusit subdistrict, Bangkok, Dusit
- **subdivision type3**: _Khwaeng_
- **subdivision name3**: 5
- **established title**: District established
- **area total km2**: 10.7
- **population total**: 95852
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population density km2**: 8958.13
- **timezone**: Time in Thailand, ICT
- **utc offset**: +7
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 10300
- **geocode**: 1002
Central South University

**Central South University** (中南大学) (short-named "CSU") is a public university in Changsha, Hunan, China, funded by the Ministry of Education (China). The launch of CSU was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in 2000.
Ministry of Education (China)

The **Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China** is a government agency under the State Council. This agency is responsible for different levels of educational affairs. This agency currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. , there were 75 affiliated schools.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Ministry of Education of
the People's Republic of China
- **image**: Ministry of Education of China (20221020141115).jpg
- **image caption**: Ministry of Education headquarters in
the Xicheng, Beijing, Xicheng of Beijing
- **jurisdiction**: Government of China
- **headquarters**: Beijing
- **budget**: (2020)
LUX Fight League

**LUX Fight League** is the largest mixed martial arts MMA promotion in Mexico. The organization was established on July 2017 by Joe Mendoza.

## Other websites

- Official LUX Fight League site
Ultimate Warrior Challenge Mexico

**Ultimate Warrior Challenge Mexico** is a mixed martial arts MMA promotion based in Mexico. UWC Mexico was established on 28 February 2009.

The organization is headquartered in Tijuana, Baja California.

## Other websites

- Official Ultimate Warrior Challenge Mexico site
Budo Sento Championship

**Budo Sento Championship** is a mixed martial arts MMA promotion based in Mexico. The BSC was established on November 2020.

## Other websites

- Official Budo Sento Championship site
Wi-Fi 7

WIFI 7(IEEE 802.11be) is the latest standard for Wi-Fi, it provides faster speeds and can work on 2 channels while using the 6GHZ channel, the 320mhz band width is doubled.
Absolute Championship Akhmat

**Absolute Championship Akhmat** (formally **Absolute Championship Berkut**), is a Russia-based mixed martial arts, kickboxing and Brazilian jiu-jitsu organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe.

## Other websites

- Official Absolute Championship Akhmat site
Cage Warriors

**Cage Warriors** is a mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion based in the United Kingdom. The promotion was established in 2001 and staged its first MMA event in London, England in July 2002.

Many MMA stars have made their names under the Cage Warriors banner, including Conor McGregor, Michael Bisping, Paddy Pimblett, Gegard Mousasi, Tom Aspinall, Antônio Silva, Ian Machado Garry,  Martin Kampmann, Dan Hardy, Joe Duffy, Cathal Pendred, Neil Seery, and Dennis Siver.

## Other websites

- Official Cage Warriors site
Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki

**Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki** is the largest mixed martial arts promotion in Poland and one of the leading in Europe.

## Other websites

- Official Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki site
M-1 Global

**M-1 Global** is a mixed martial arts promotion based in Russia. M-1 Global is headquartered in Saint Petersburg.

## Other websites

- Official M-1 Global site
Oktagon MMA

**Oktagon MMA** is a mixed martial arts promotion based in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Its considered the largest Czech-Slovak MMA promotion. The organization was established on June 2016 by Pavol Neruda (formerly Šipkovský) and Ondřej Novotný.

## Other websites

- Official Oktagon MMA site
ONE Championship

**ONE Championship** (formally **ONE Fighting Championship**) is a Singapure-based mixed martial arts promotion. ONE its is known for being one of the largest MMA promotions in the world, following UFC. The organization was established on July 2011 by Chatri Sityodtong.

## Other websites

- Official ONE Championship site
Professional Fighters League

**Professional Fighters League** (formally **World Series of Fighting**) is a U.S.-based mixed martial arts league founded by Donn Davis in 2017 and launched in 2018. PFL is the first major MMA organization in which individual athletes compete in a regular season, post-season and championship, rather than on a year-round basis.

## Other websites

- Professional Fighters League site
Yair Rodríguez

**Yair Raziel Rodríguez Portillo** (born 6 October 1992) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He is competing at the bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship and the former UFC Bantamweight Champion. He is known by his nickname **Pantera** ("Phanter").

In his UFC career, Pantera Rodriguez has set two records: being the Mexico-born fighter with the most bonus awards (9) and landing the latest knockout (at 4:59 minutes into the fight vs. The Korean Zombie at UFC Fight Night 139).
Efraín Escudero

**Efraín Escudero** (born January 15, 1986) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He was competed in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship, being the first Mexican fighter to sign for the promotion.

In 2008, he won the reality show The Ultimate Fighter, which earned him a UFC contract. In 2017, he faced Brazilian fighter Bruno Murata in the main event of the first LUX Fight League's event.
Charleston Chew

**Charleston Chew** is a candy bar. It was named after the Charleston dance.
José Alberto Quiñónez

**José Alberto Quiñónez Navarro** (born July 28, 1990) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He was competed in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is known by his nickname _El Teco_, in honor of Estudiantes Tecos, a defunct Mexican football club.

## Personal life

Quiñónez grew up in a "tough" neighborhood, as he has declared. Although, he never liked violence, and he always stayed out of trouble. He practiced football and soccer during all his childhood, until he was a teenager, where he started training boxing.

He is currently in a relationship with Chilean mixed martial artist Jazmín Navarrete.
Daniel Zellhuber

**Daniel Olvera Zellhuber** (born July 7, 1999) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He is competing at the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. His professional MMA career took place on September 24, 2016, at Jasaji Fighting League. He would compile an undefeated 11–0 before making the jump to the big leagues.
Raul Rosas Jr.

**Raul Gilberto Rosas Rios Jr.** (born October 8, 2004) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He is competing at the bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is the youngest person to be signed to the UFC in their history.

He began wrestling in high school and participated in Pankration, an amateur sport similar to mixed martial arts. As an amateur, and at just 14 years old, he participated in the International Mixed Martial Arts Federation world championships in Rome, where he was able to win gold.
Gabriel Benítez

**Gabriel Benítez** (born June 15, 1988) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He was a competed in the featherweight and lightweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Benítez started his professional MMA career in 2007, making his debut in Mexico's regional scene, including several fights in Ultimate Warrior Challenge Mexico, and he amassed a record of 16–4 prior to signing with the UFC.
Brandon Moreno

**Brandon Moreno Carrillo** (born December 7, 1993) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He is competing at the flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship and the two time former UFC Flyweight Champion. Before his second stint competing for the UFC, he won the Flyweight Championship in Legacy Fighting Alliance.

## Personal life

Moreno is a big fan of Funko Pop and is a dedicated Lego collector.
Erik Pérez

**Erik Gregorio Pérez Ruvalcaba** (born November 19, 1989) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He competed in the bantamweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is known by his nickname **Goyito,** holds the record for the fastest knockout in the history of the UFC bantamweight division.

## Personal life

Erik was born in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico. He grew up in a family of sportsmen; his older brother Jorge is a professional boxer, while his brothers Iván, and Jair both are fellow mixed martial artists. Érik, Iván, and Jair all tought together in Combate Americas.
Alexa Grasso

**Karen Alexa Grasso Montes** (born August 9, 1993) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. She is competing at the flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship and the former UFC Women Flyweight Champion. She made her professional MMA debut in December 2012 in her native Mexico. During the first eighteen months of her career, she amassed an undefeated record of 5 wins (3 by TKO, 2 by decision) and 0 losses.
Loopy Godinez

**María Guadalupe Godínez González** (born September 6, 1993) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. She is competing at the strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. She is known by her nickname **Loopy**. Before competing for the UFC, she won the Women's Strawweight Championship in Legacy Fighting Alliance.

## Personal life

Godínez has three younger sisters, of whom two – Karla and Ana – are accomplished wrestlers competing with the Canadian national team.
South African Sign Language

**South African Sign Language** (**SASL**, ) is the main sign language used by deaf people in South Africa. The South African government added a National Language Unit for South African Sign Language in 2001. SASL is not the only sign language used in South Africa. It is the language the Deaf in South Africa are being encouraged to use.
Mike Dickison

**Michael R. Dickison** (born ) is a museum curator, a zoologist, and an editor for Wikipedia. He is famous for being New Zealand's first Wikipedian at Large. This was a special job he had from 2018 to 2019, where he got grant from Wikimedia Foundation to help make Wikipedia better with information about New Zealand.

His work includes teaching people how to edit Wikipedia and helping museums share their collections with the public. He has a PhD in zoology and studied giant birds that cannot fly. He grew up in Christchurch, New Zealand.

In 2018, Dickison was given a grant of $61,000 to become New Zealand's first Wikipedian-at-Large. This money paid for his salary, travel, and conference fees. The goal of the project was to improve Wikipedia articles about New Zealand, because there were not enough articles about Māori people and women. He also hoped to get more women to edit Wikipedia to help with the gender bias.
In 2018, he traveled all over New Zealand in his 4-wheel-drive car, which he used as a mobile office. He went to 16 different towns and cities, working with people at different places. He recorded how to say Māori words to add to Wikipedia and asked local people to share their stories.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **embed**: yes
- **thesis title**: The allometry of giant flightless birds
- **thesis url**: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/200
- **thesis year**: 2007
- **doctoral advisor**: Louise Roth


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mike Dickison
- **image**: Mike Dickison Auckland Museum 2.jpg
- **caption**: Dickison in 2018
- **birth place**: Christchurch, New Zealand
- **education**: Duke University (PhD)
- **occupation**: Museum curator, zoology, zoologist, Wikipedian at Large
Batten disease

**Batten disease**, also known as **neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis**, is a group of genetic diseases where cells cannot filter out waste in the brain and eyes. Over time, it causes seizures, vision loss, and cognitive (thinking) problems.

It is fatal. This means that it will not get better and affected individuals will end up dying from it. This is called a _terminal illness_. Batten Disease can affect babies, children and, rarely, adults.

It gets worse as time goes on. It is called a type of childhood dementia because children with it lose skills they have already learnt. They will experience loss of speech, personality changes, clumsiness, myoclonus (jerking of limbs) and episodes of psychosis (being out of touch with reality) similar to an old person with Alzheimer's disease.

## Types of Batten Disease

There are 14 types of Batten disease. The most common is **CLN3**. Symptoms of CLN3 usually happen in ages 5 to 15. There are other types of Batten disease, such as:

### CLN1

This happens because a change in the enzyme PPT1. It was first found in Finland during the 1970s.

Babies with CLN1 develop normally until their 1st year. Their development (how they grow) will slow down and eventually stop. They might have trouble sleeping and become restless. They also develop repetitive hand movements like fiddling or flapping their hands. They often become floppy if they are held. They might not be able to hold up their head.

By 2 years of age, they might have epilepsy. Their vision will get worse until they become fully blind. They may not know how to communicate anymore and avoid social interaction. They may not be able to play normally and have trouble understanding.

By the age of 3 years, they are always being taken care of and cannot do much for themselves. They may need a feeding tube. Their arms and legs will get stiff (not be able to move). Unfortunately, children with CLN1 Batten disease die by early childhood.

### CLN2

This happens because of a broken **CLN2** gene. It was discovered in 1998. Life expectancy is between 8 and 12 years of age.
Moissanite

**Moissanite** () is a kind of silicon carbide, a mineral. It can be found in nature, and it has some polymorphs.

It has the chemical formula **SiC**. It is a rare mineral, discovered by the French chemist Henri Moissan in 1893.

Origin of the name of the mineral: The mineral form of silicon carbide, was named (after Henri Moissan, or) in honor of Moissan.

Double refraction is a property of moissanite.

The mineral has been found in meteorites.

## Uses (or applications)

Moissanite came into the jewelry market as a diamond alternative in 1998 after Charles & Colvard (formerly known as C3 Inc.) got patents to create and market some kinds of gemstones; Those stones were (made in a laboratory, or they were) lab-grown silicon carbide gemstones. The company was the first to do that. By 2018, all patents on the original process world-wide, had (ended or) expired. Several companies have used [their own trademark, or] a trademark. Some trademarks that have been used are, _Forever One_, _Forever Brilliant_, and _Forever Classic_. Other manufacturers (sell or) market silicon carbide gemstones under trademarked names such as _Amora_.

Use as a fake diamond: Sometimes the mineral gets used as (a fake or) counterfeit diamond. Testing equipment that (uses or) is based on thermal conductivity can give test results similar to diamond.

Diamond testers (a kind of machine), sometimes make mistakes when used on moissanite.

## Infobox (mineral)

- **name**: Moissanite
- **category**: Mineral species
- **image**: Moissanite-USGS-20-1001d-14x-.jpg
- **imagesize**: 260px
- **formula**: SiC
- **imasymbol**: Moi
- **strunz**: 1.DA.05
- **system**: 6H polytype, most common: Hexagonal crystal system, hexagonal
- **class**: 6H polytype: dihexagonal pyramidal (6mm)
H-M symbol: (6mm)
- **color**: Colorless, green, yellow
- **mohs**: ~9.5
- **luster**: Adamantine to metallic
- **refractive**: n<sub>ω</sub> = 2.654 n<sub>ε</sub> = 2.967
- **birefringence**: 0.313 (6H form)
- **dispersion**: 0.104
- **fluorescence**: Orange-red
- **streak**: Greenish gray
- **gravity**: 3.218–3.22
- **melt**: 2730 °C (decomposes)
- **solubility**: None
- **diaphaneity**: Transparent
- **other**: Not radioactive, diamagnetic
Réunion bulbul

The **Réunion bulbul** (***Hypsipetes borbonicus***) is a species of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is a species that regularly occurs in Réunion.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Réunion bulbul was first said to be part of the genus _Turdus_. Some authorities also used to think that the Mauritius bulbul was a subspecies of the Réunion bulbul. Other names for the Réunion bulbul include the **Bourbon thrush**, **olivaceous bulbul**, **Réunion black bulbul** and **Réunion merle**.

## Description

The appearance of the Réunion bulbul is similar to the appearance of the Mauritius bulbul but is slightly smaller with a length of 22 cm. It is ashy gray with a blackish crest and the iris is very visibly white. The bill and feet have an orange color.

### Breeding

The female Réunion bulbul lays two eggs in a cup-shaped nest during the southern summer.

### Food and feeding

The Réunion bulbul is an animal that most commonly feeds on fruit. In February and March, it moves from areas of higher elevation, where it lives in humid secondary forests, to lower valleys to feed on ripe guavas. Nectar, insects and small lizards are extra parts of its range of food.

### Threats

Although considered by the IUCN as a species Near Threatened, the Réunion bulbul is no longer a common bird, mainly due to poaching and competition from the red-whiskered bulbul, a non-native bird that has been brought in. In the earlier days of the settlement of Réunion, the Réunion bulbul was hunted for food on a large scale, and was considered as tasty as the ortolan bunting (_Emberiza hortulana_). As late as the 1970s it was hunted to an overly large amount. It is also kept as a pet.

## References

- Gregory, Steven M. (2000): Nomenclature of the _Hypsipetes_ Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae). _Forktail_ **16**: 164–166. PDF fulltext
- Staub, France (1976), _Birds of the Mascarenes and Saint Brandon_, Labama House, Port Louis, Mauritius.
Halmahera golden bulbul

The **Halmahera golden bulbul** (***Hypsipetes chloris***) is a species of bird in the order Passerine, in the bulbul family of Pycnonotidae. It is found in Morotai, Halmahera and Bacan Islands, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical moist lowland forests or tropical moist lowland forests.

The Halmahera golden bulbul used to be thought of as the same species as five other modernly separated bulbuls. They all were called the northern golden bulbul before this split. This bulbul is now placed with 24 other species in the genus _Hypsipetes_ and was introduced in 1831 by Nicholas Vigors.
Grey-cheeked bulbul

The **grey-cheeked bulbul** (***Alophoixus tephrogenys***) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.  It is found in an area stretching from the Malay Peninsula to the Greater Sunda Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized.

- _A. t. tephrogenys_ - <small>(Jardine & Selby, 1833)</small>: This subspecies of Grey-cheeked bubul was originally described as a separate species in the genus _Trichophorus_ (a synonym for _Criniger_). Found on the Malay Peninsula and eastern Sumatra
- _A. t. gutturalis_ - <small>(Bonaparte, 1850)</small>: This subspecies of Grey-cheeked bubul was originally described as a separate species in the genus _Trichophorus_. Found on Borneo
Durham men's cricket team

The **Durham** men's cricket team is based at Chester-le-Street in County Durham. It represents the traditional English county of Durham. The earliest known match in the county was played in 1751. The first team to be called Durham was formed in 1876, and Durham County Cricket Club was founded in 1882 to organise cricket in the county. The team has first-class status, and has competed in the official County Championship since 1992—they are the newest member of the competition. They have won the trophy three times, most recently in 2013. Their main home venue is the Riverside Ground. Noted English international players at Durham have included Paul Collingwood, Steve Harmison, Graham Onions, Liam Plunkett, Ben Stokes, and Mark Wood.
Proceratophrys belzebul

***Proceratophrys belzebul*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body

The adult male frog is 40.5-51.3 mm long from nose to rear end.

## Home

This frog only lives in forests. Scientists saw it in the dead leaves on the ground in forests that were never cut down and forests that are growing back. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

Most of the frog's home is in protected parks. It lives near Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar and may live in it.

## Young

The tadpoles live in streams.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Most of its home is in protected parks. In other places, human beings change the places where the frog lives to make farms, tree farms, and places for animals to eat grass. People used to cut down trees to get wood, but this does not happen much now.
Essex men's cricket team

The **Essex** men's cricket team is based at Chelmsford. It represents the traditional English county of Essex. Teams called Essex have been active since 1732. The team is organised by the Essex County Cricket Club, which was founded in 1876. The team has first-class status, and has competed in the official County Championship since 1895. They have won the trophy eight times, most recently in 2019. Their main home venue is the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. Many great players have represented Essex, including Johnny Douglas, Trevor Bailey, Barry Knight, Keith Boyce, Graham Gooch, and Nasser Hussain.
Larry Silverstein

**Larry A. Silverstein** (born May 30, 1931) is an American billionaire businessman. He works in real estate. He is the developer of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City, as well as one of New York's tallest residential towers at 30 Park Place, where he owns a home.

As of December 2024, he had an estimated net worth of US$1 billion according to Forbes.

## Other websites

- Silverstein Properties
- World Trade Center
- Larry Silverstein Short Documentary
- Yahoo! – Silverstein Properties, Inc. Company Profile
- WTC Design Unveiling  (video)
- New York Magazine Profile
- Video of speech at cornerstone laying ceremony for the Freedom Tower on July 4, 2004

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Larry  Silverstein
- **image**: Larry Silverstein for UJA-Federation of New York.jpg
- **caption**: Larry Silverstein appearing for the UJA-Federation of New York in 2014
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **alma mater**: New York University
- **occupation**: Owner of Silverstein Properties
- **children**: 3
Jimmy Kimmel Live!

***Jimmy Kimmel Live!*** is an American late-night talk show, created and hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, and broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The first episode came out on January 26, 2003.

_Jimmy Kimmel Live!_ is produced by 12:05 AM Productions, LLC, in association with Kimmelot and 20th Television.

On September 17, 2025, ABC suspended the show after Kimmel said that "conservatives were using Kirk's killing to score political points". His works caused a warning from Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chair Brendan Carr. Five days later, the suspension ended, with the show returning the following night.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Jimmy Kimmel Live.PNG
- **runtime**: 40 minutes
- **creator**: Jimmy Kimmel
- **starring**: Jimmy Kimmel,
also featuring
- **music**: Cleto and the Cletones
- **opentheme**: "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", sung by Robert Goulet
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **director**: Andy Fisher
- **network**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **last aired**: present
- **num seasons**: 24
- **num episodes**: 3,588
Hampshire men's cricket team

The **Hampshire** men's cricket team is based in Southampton. It represents the traditional English county of Hampshire. Teams called Hampshire have been active since 1729, and reached a zenith in the second half of the 18th century when they were managed by the famous Hambledon Club until the 1890s. While _ad hoc_ county teams were formed many times in the 19th century, it was not until the foundation of Hampshire County Cricket Club in 1863 that there was a return to organised county activity.

The modern Hampshire team has first-class status, and has competed in the official County Championship since 1895. They have won the trophy twice, in 1961 and 1973. Their main home venue is the Rose Bowl. Many great players have represented Hampshire, including John Small, Richard Nyren, David Harris, Derek Shackleton, Barry Richards, Gordon Greenidge, Malcolm Marshall, and Shane Warne.
Kent men's cricket team

The **Kent** men's cricket team is based in Canterbury. It represents the traditional English county of Kent. Teams called Kent have been active since 1709. The modern Kent team is organised by Kent County Cricket Club, which had a complex history until 1870 when the merger of two clubs—one in Canterbury and one in Maidstone—finally united cricket in the county. Kent have first-class status, and have competed in the official County Championship since 1890. The team has won the trophy six times, most recently in 1978. Their main home venue is the St Lawrence Ground in Canterbury. Many great players have represented Kent, including Robert Colchin, Fuller Pilch, Alfred Mynn, Colin Blythe, Frank Woolley, Tich Freeman, Les Ames, Godfrey Evans, Colin Cowdrey, Derek Underwood, and Alan Knott.
Tutenstein

***Tutenstein*** is an American animated television series. It was produced by Porchlight Entertainment for Discovery Kids based on the comics by Jay Stephens. The series aired from November 1, 2003, to October 11, 2008. It features young mummy Tutankhensetamun, who is awakened about 3,000 years after his accidental death and now must face the fact that his kingdom is gone.

Beginning in August 2020, Yippee TV, the current owners of the series, made the series officially available for streaming on YouTube.

In October 2022, it was announced that a reboot is in the works. It will have a completely new look.
Darcy's Wild Life

***Darcy's Wild Life*** is a teen sitcom starring Sara Paxton, and broadcast on Discovery Kids in the United States and the Family Channel in Canada, from October 2, 2004 to March 18, 2006. The show also aired on NBC as part of the Discovery Kids on NBC programing block. It revolved around Darcy Fields, the daughter of an eccentric actress Victoria Fields who decides to move away from Malibu to raise her daughter in a more normal environment.
Oxazolidinone

**Oxazolidinones** are a group of organic compounds. They are cyclic compounds with a ring of five atoms: three carbon, one oxygen, and one nitrogen. One of the carbon atoms is part of a carbonyl (it has a double bond to its own oxygen atom).

When the oxygen and nitrogen are next to each other in the ring, they are called isoxazolidinones. Both oxazolidinones and isoxazolidinones are numbered based on how far the carbonyl is from the ring oxygen.

The most important group of oxazolidinones is the 2-oxazolidinones. These are found in many medicines, like antibiotics.
Newk's Eatery

**Newk's Eatery** s an American chain of fast casual cafés. It operates over 100 restaurants in 13 states.

It was founded in 2004 as Newk's Express Café by father and son chefs, Don and Chris Newcomb, with the first store opening in Oxford, Mississippi. Newcomb and Newcomb had previously created and sold the restaurant chain McAlister's Deli.
Selene Vigil

**Selene Here Vigil** (born July 16, 1965) is an American singer best known as the lead vocalist of the band 7 Year Bitch.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **genre**: Grunge, punk rock
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1990–present
- **label**: C/Z Records, C/Z, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Tuck & Roll Music
- **associated acts**: 7 Year Bitch, Solo (band), Solo


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Selene Vigil
- **birth name**: Selene Here Vigil
- **children**: 2
Guanidine

**Guanidine** is an organic compound. Guanidine has the formula . It has an imine (carbon with a double bond to nitrogen) connected to two amines.

The **guanidines** are a group of compounds that have the same structure as the chemical guanidine.

## Properties

Guanidine is a strong base. It can accept a hydrogen ion from an acid at the imine nitrogen. This changes it to its conjugate acid, guanidinium.
Kisshōten

is the Japanese name of the goddess Lakshmi. She is sometimes one of the Seven Lucky Gods.

## Related pages

- Tagitsu-hime

## Infobox (deity)

- **image**: Jyoruriji Kissyoten Srii.jpg
- **name**: Kisshōten
- **hinduism equivalent**: Lakshmi
Ame-no-hoakari

is a Japanese sun god. According to the Shinsen Shōjiroku his descendants are called the .

He is the brother of Ninigi-no-Mikoto

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Shinto
- **father**: Ame-no-oshihomimi
- **mother**: Takuhadachiji-hime
Grande Comore bulbul

The **Grande Comore bulbul** (***Hypsipetes parvirostris***) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.
It is found on the Comoro Islands.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. In 2011, the Grande Comore bulbul was separated from the Moheli bulbul, which was considered as a subspecies of the Grand Comoro bulbul until then. Alternative names for the Grande Comore bulbul include the **Comoro bulbul** and **Grand Comoro black bulbul**.
Pidjani

**Pidjani** is a town located on the island of Grande Comore in the Comoros.
Flight 29 Down

***Flight 29 Down*** is an American adventure teen drama television series. It is about a group of teenagers who are stranded on an island. It was produced by Discovery Kids. It was created by Stan Rogow and D. J. MacHale. The series ran from October 1, 2005 to August 25, 2007. It follows a group of teens stranded on a South Pacific island in the Federated States of Micronesia after they crash their plane in a tropical storm while flying to an eco-adventure camping trip in Palau.
Eotriceratops

***Eotriceratops*** (meaning "dwan three-horned face) is an extinct genus of ceratopsian that lived in Alberta, in Canada and in Mexico. The type species is the ***Eotriceratops xerinsularis***, he is the only formely named species. A possible second species, the _Eotriceratops fowleri_ is a probably junior synonym or not belongs to same genus and probably a separate taxon, the _Ojoceratops_, but are in debate. The _Eotriceratops_ lived in Late Cretaceous, between 68.8 to 66.5 milion years ago.

The _Eotriceratops_ coexisted with the large theropod Tyrannosaurid called as _Albertosaurus_, the famous Ceratopsids _Triceratops_, your possible synonym _Ojoceratops_, _Nedoceratops_ and the _Torosaurus_ from example.

## Description

The _Eotriceratops_ is estimates in 8.5–9.02 meters (28–30 ft) in lenght, measuring 3 m (10 ft) in height and 9–11 tons (12 short tons) in body mass. The other possible second species _E. fowleri_ is estimates in 5–6 meters (16.4–19.7 ft) in lenght, and 2.2 tons (3 short tons) in body mass. But, this second species was not been confirmed and is probably a indeterminate Ceratopsid, a synonym or belongs to a distinct species.

The _Eotriceratops_ is very similar to _Triceratops_, _Torosaurus_ and _Nedoceratops_, showing a very close relationship between these three species.
Can You Hear Me? (2018 TV series)

***Can You Hear Me?*** () is a Quebecker television series that aired on Télé-Québec from December 15, 2018 to May 11, 2021, ran for three seasons and the series are internationally distributed by Netflix.
Monday Night Hockey

***Monday Night Hockey*** (former _Rogers Monday Night Hockey_ in pre-2024) is a Canadian multiple-camera setup sports television series that aired on Sportsnet and Amazon Prime Video since October 18, 2022.
Depp v Heard

***Depp versus Heard*** was a trial which took place in court in Virginia, from 11th April to 1st June 2022, between Johnny Depp and Amber Heard. They used to be in love, but then, they sued each other civilly. They became friends in 2009 and got married in February 2015. Heard applied for divorce in May 2016.

The previous legal battle didn't go well for Depp. In the High Court of Justice in London, the British Judge stated, "_The great majority of alleged assaults of Ms. Heard by Mr. Depp have been proved to the civil standard._" In contrast, the American trial had a jury. Depp's lawyer wanted a jury trial in America, where Depp won substantially and cleared his name/ restored his reputation as a "good guy".

After the trial ended, they didn't give up yet. Both Depp and Heard appealed. In December 2022, it was finally announced that Depp would receive US$1 million from Heard as the case had settled/ they had managed to reach a deal.
Quarter tone

A **quarter tone** is a note halfway between two adjacent notes of a 12-tone chromatic scale. In typical music, there is an interval of 100 cents between two adjacent pitches. However, quarter tones have only 50 cents between each note in a chromatic scale. Now, instead of 12 notes in an octave, there are 24.

Quarter tones have their roots in the music of the Middle East, particularly Persian traditional music. However, the first mention of the equally-tempered quarter tone scale, or **24 equal temperament**, was made by 19th-century music theorists Heinrich Richter and Mikhail Mishaqa. The scale is called 24 equal temperament because it has 24 notes, each of which are the same distance away from each other (50 cents) Composers who have written music using this scale include: Pierre Boulez, Julián Carrillo, Mildred Couper, George Enescu, Alberto Ginastera, Gérard Grisey, Alois Hába, Thomas Heberer Ljubica Marić, Charles Ives, Tristan Murail, Krzysztof Penderecki, Giacinto Scelsi, Ammar El Sherei, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Tui St. George Tucker, Ivan Wyschnegradsky, Iannis Xenakis, and Seppe Gebruers.

### Tuning systems with equal temperament

The term _quarter tone_ can refer to several different intervals, all very close in size. For example, some 17th- and 18th-century music theorists used the term to describe the distance between a sharp and a flat in certain music systems where they aren't the same pitch (e.g., D and E being different pitches). In the quarter-tone scale, also called **24-tone equal temperament** (24-TET), the quarter tone is 50 cents. The frequency of each note in an octave is a multiple of   , or approximately 1.0293, higher than the previous note in that octave. This divides the octave into 24 equal steps (equal temperament). In this scale, the quarter tone is the smallest step. A semitone is thus made of two steps, and three steps make a **three-quarter tone** or neutral second, which is half the size of a minor third. The 8-TET scale is composed of three-quarter tones. Four steps make a whole tone.
Augmented triad

|colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: palegoldenrod"|Component intervals from root|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"|augmented fifth|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"|major third|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"|root|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"|16:20:25|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"|3-12 / 9-12|

An **augmented triad** is a chord which made up of two major thirds stacked on top of each other. The interval between the lowest note in the chord (the root) and the highest note in the chord (the fifth) is called an augmented fifth. The name _augmented triad_ comes from the fact that an augmented triad is the same as a major chord whose top note (fifth) is raised, or "augmented".  An augmented chord is indicated by the symbol "+" or "aug". For example, the augmented triad built on A, written as A+, has pitches A-C-E:> <score sound="1">
> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { <as c e>1 } }
> </score>The chord can be represented by the integer notation {0, 4, 8}.

## Analysis

A major triad, such as C–E–G, contains a major third (C–E) and a minor third (E–G). This makes the interval between the root and the fifth of the chord (C–G) perfect. On the other hand, the augmented triad has an augmented fifth, or a perfect fifth raised by one semitone. For example, an augmented triad with the root note C would have the notes C–E–G.
Augmented chords frequently appear as the three chord of a minor key, the one chord of a major key, the four chord of a major key, or the five chord of a major key. The root of the chord often remains stationary, goes down five scale degrees, or goes up four scale degrees. The third of the chord usually either goes up one scale degree or stays the same. The fifth of the chord often goes up one scale degree. An augmented triad also has inversions.
A one augmented (I+) chord sometimes contains the major seventh interval, while the five augmented (V+) chord sometimes contain the minor seventh interval.

The augmented triad on the V may be used as a substitute dominant chord.

## In popular music

Examples of popular music songs featuring the augmented chord include in the introduction of Chuck Berry's "School Days", Aaron Neville's "Tell It Like It Is", The Beatles' "Oh! Darling", after intros in Gene Pitney's "Town Without Pity", The Beach Boys' "The Warmth of the Sun", Joe Cocker's "Delta Lady", and at the end of the bridge in Patience and Prudence's "Tonight You Belong to Me", The Caravelles' "You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry", The Beatles' "From Me to You", The Dave Clark Five's "Glad All Over", and Martha and the Vandellas' "Dancing in the Street".