juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Necronomicon

The ***Necronomicon*** is a fictional book of magic created by the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. It is a Greek-sounding word commonly translated as "book of dead names".  It is pronounced "neck-ro-nom-ih-kon".  Like most of his ideas, the _Necronomicon_ came to Lovecraft in his dreams.  Lovecraft let his friends write stories about the _Necronomicon_.  Eventually, fake _Necronomicon_s were written.

## Fictional History

According to Lovecraft, the _Necronomicon_ was written in the eighth century by a crazy Arabian man named Abdul Alhazred. Alhazred (who was also fictional) practiced evil magic.  He assembled a collection of evil spells into a manuscript (a book with loose pages and no cover) which he called _Al Azif_. Lovecraft said this as an Arabian phrase for a scary sound, like a scream.  Later, the original manuscript was translated into Greek.  It was given the title _Necronomicon_.  Olaus Wormius (a real person) then translated the Greek version into Latin.  John Dee (also real) translated the _Necronomicon_ into English.  Lovecraft liked to mix in real people and places in his fiction.  This made the stories seem more real.  Some people were fooled into thinking what he wrote was true.

## "Real" Necronomicons

Since Lovecraft's death, several authors have written their own versions of the _Necronomicon_. They are the author's imagination of what the _Necronomicon_ would be like, if it were real.  A few claim to be the actual _Necronomicon_. The most famous case of a "real" _Necronomicon_ is the "Simon" _Necronomicon_.  Simon is a fake name.  It was published in the 1970s. The "Simon" _Necronomicon_ is based on Sumerian mythology. It has nothing to do with H. P. Lovecraft's fiction. Some people dislike the "Simon" _Necronomicon_.  They do not like that it pretends to be real.  Sometimes, people believe it to be real.  Simon has written several books about the _Necronomicon_'s "discovery".

Here are some hoax Necronomicons (books that the authors claim are the real Necronomicon):

- _The True Story of the Necronomicon_, author unknown

- _George Hay Presents: The Necronomicon_, by George Hay

- _Al Azif: The Necronomicon_, by L. Sprague de Camp

Here are some books that are the authors' imaginations of what the Necronomicon might be like:

- _Necronomicon: The Wandering of Alhazred_, by Donald Tyson

- _Alhazred: Author of the Necronomicon_ (a novel about the life of Abdul Alhazred, also by Donald Tyson)

- _Grimoire of the Necronomicon_ (a book of real spells inspired by the fiction of H. P. Lovecraft, also by Donald Tyson)

Here are all the books by Simon about the _Necronomicon_:

- _Necronomicon Spellbook_ (an instruction manual of how to use the Necronomicon's spells safely)

- _Dead Names: The Dark History of the Necronomicon_

- _Gates of the Necronomicon_ (a book explaining the Walking of the Seven Gates, a long and complicated ritual that all first-time users of the Necronomicon must perform)

## Related pages

- Grimoire

hu:Howard Phillips Lovecraft#Necronomicon
Occult

**Occult** refers to an area of knowledge or thought that is hidden. The word occult has many uses in the English language. Often it means knowledge that lies outside the range of normal experience or scientific explanation. The term sometimes means knowledge meant only for certain people or knowledge that must be kept hidden. For most occultists it is the study of a deeper spiritual reality.

The term occult is also used as a label given to a number of magical organizations or orders, and the teachings and practices as taught by them. The name also extends to a large body of literature and spiritual philosophy.

## Occultism

Occultism is the study of occult. It can involve such subjects as magic (alternatively spelled and defined as magick), extra-sensory perception, astrology, spiritualism, numerology and lucid dreaming. There is often a strong religious element to these studies and beliefs, and many occultists profess adherence to religions such as Gnosticism, Hermeticism, Satanism, Thelema, and Neopaganism. While Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam are generally not considered as occult, some of their modern interpretations can be, such as the interpretation of Hinduism within Theosophy or the various occult interpretations of the Jewish Kabbalah.

## Science and the occultism

Alchemy, is considered an occult practice. Alchemy used to be common among scientists, such as Isaac Newton. During the Age of Enlightenment alchemy and science went their separate ways. Newton was accused of introducing occult agencies into natural science when he proposed that gravity was a force capable of acting over vast distances.

## Related pages

- Esotericism
- Haunted house
- Spiritual séance

## Other websites

- Journal of Thelemic Studies  - the first non-partisan, academic journal investigating the occult tradition of Thelema, founded by the infamous Aleister Crowley
- The Occult Lodge  For all things Occult
- University of Amsterdam Center for Study of Western Esotericism
- University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
- ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.
- Joseph H. Peterson, Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica (Esoteric Archives: Occult Literature)
- Athenaeum  (Collection of occult works in PDF Format)
- Inner Quest  All things occult
Pandemic Studios

**Pandemic Studios** was a video game developer that was started in 1998. It became owned by Electronic Arts from 2007 to 2009. It was an Australian and American company, with offices in Brisbane and Los Angeles.

Pandemic Studios developed the first two main titles of the successful _Star Wars: Battlefront_ series; those were _Star Wars: Battlefront_ and _Star Wars: Battlefront II_. It also developed _Full Spectrum Warrior_, the _Mercenaries_ series, and the last game in the _Army Men_ series.

Their office in Brisbane was closed in February 2009. In November 2009, Electronic Arts cut a total of 1,500 jobs, including at Pandemic. The company was officially closed on 17 November 2009. The rest of the staff were moved to EA Los Angeles to support _Mercs Inc_, a sequel to the _Mercenaries_ series.

## Games developed (made)

- _Battlezone II_ (1999)
- _Dark Reign 2_ (2000)
- _Triple Play 2002_ (2002)
- _Army Men RTS_ (2002)
- _Star Wars: The Clone Wars_ (2002)
- _Full Spectrum Warrior_ (2004)
- _Star Wars: Battlefront_ (2004)
- _Star Wars: Battlefront II_ (2005)
- _Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction_ (2005)
- _Destroy All Humans!_ (2005)
- _Destroy All Humans! 2_ (2006)
- _Mercenaries 2: World in Flames_ (2008)
- _The Lord of the Rings: Conquest_ (2009)
- _The Saboteur_ (2009)

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Pandemic Studios
- **type**: Subsidiary of Electronic Arts
- **foundation**: Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica, California, United States (1998)
- **defunct**: 2009
- **location**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **key people**: Andrew Goldman, Chief executive officer, CEO
Josh Resnick, President
- **industry**: Interactive entertainment
Video game industry, Computer and video games
- **homepage**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090430013637/http://www.pandemicstudios.com/corp/index.php http://www.pandemicstudios.com/] (archived version 2009)
Ghost town

A **ghost town** is a name for a city or town in which no one lives anymore. It can happen because of economical reasons (for instance, a town of gold miners who cannot find gold anymore), a natural disaster (a flood, a very long drought) or even a man-made disaster (for example, the nuclear fallout that emptied the town of Prypiat, Ukraine).

Some ghost towns are kept intact as tourist attractions. For example Craco, in the Italian region of Basilicata, is a destination for tourists and pilgrims, as well as a famous movie set for movies like _The Passion of the Christ_ by Mel Gibson and _Quantum of Solace_ by Marc Forster.
Rain dance

A **rain dance** is a ceremonial dance. It is performed by people who believe it will cause rain and keep their harvest safe.

Many different types of "rain dances" can be found in many cultures, from Ancient Egypt to certain Native American tribes. In the 20th century Balkans, a ritual known as Paparuda (Romanian) or Perperuna (Slavic) is a type of rain dance.

The Cherokee tribe, an ethnic Native American tribe from the Southeastern United States used rain dances to both create rain and to remove evil spirits from the earth.  The legend of the tribe says that the rain created has the spirits of the former leaders of the tribe. During the rain, these spirits fight the evil spirits in a place between our reality and the spirit world. These raindances are also seen as acts of worship.

Julia M. Butree in her book,  describes the "Rain Dance of Zuni" and other Native American dances

Feathers and turquoise are worn during the dance. They symbolize wind and rain.  Many traditions of the Rain Dance are passed down through history by people telling their children about them in stories.

## Settler times

In an early type of meteorology, Native Americans in the midwestern parts of modern United States often tracked and followed known weather patterns. They would do a raindance for settlers in return for trade items. This is best known to happen among Osage and Quapaw Indian tribes of Missouri and Arkansas.
Louse

**Lice** (singular: **louse**), are wingless insects that live in hair. They are all external parasites on every species of bird and most mammalian orders. They are not found on Monotremes  and a few eutherian orders, namely bats (Chiroptera), whales, dolphins and porpoises (Cetacea) and pangolins (Pholidota). There are more than 3,000 different species; three are classified as human lice.

## Description

Lice spend their whole life on the host. They are adapted to keep close contact with the host. These adaptations are reflected in their size (0.5–8 mm), stout legs, and claws which are adapted to clinging tightly to hair, fur and feathers. They are also wingless and flattened.

Lice feed on skin (epidermal) debris, feather parts, sebaceous secretions and blood. A louse's color varies from pale beige to dark grey; however, if feeding on blood, it may become considerably darker.

A louse's egg is commonly called a _nit_. Lice attach their eggs to their host's hair with specialized saliva which results in a bond that is very difficult to separate without specialized products. Living lice eggs tend to be pale white. Dead lice eggs are more yellow. Lice are very annoying and are difficult to remove, but not impossible. The process is called _nit-picking_, and is often done with a close-toothed metal comb. For humans, anti-insect shampoos are available.

## Classification

The order has traditionally been divided into two suborders; the _sucking lice_ (Anoplura) and _chewing lice_ (Mallophaga). Four suborders are now recognised:

- Anoplura: sucking lice, including head and pubic lice
- Rhyncophthirina: parasites of elephants and warthogs
- Ischnocera: avian lice
- Amblycera: chewing lice, a primitive order of lice
- Amblycera: jumping lice have very strong hind legs and can jump a distance of three feet

It has been suggested that the order is contained by the Troctomorpha suborder of Psocoptera. What this means is that lice may have evolved from free-living species of that group.

## Lice and humans

Humans are unique in that they host three different species of lice: head lice, body lice (which live mainly in clothing), and pubic lice. The DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started wearing clothes at approximately 70,000 BCE.

Recent DNA evidence suggests that pubic lice spread to the ancestors of humans approximately 3.3 million years ago from the ancestors of gorillas by sharing the same bed or other communal areas with them, and are more closely related to lice endemic to gorillas than to other lice species infesting humans.

## Related pages

- Pest
- Parasite

## Other websites

- Lice Pest Control Information - National Pesticide Information Center
- Bed-hopping led humans to 3 million-year itch
- www.phthiraptera.org  has extensive scientific information.
- Body and Head lice  University of Florida Featured Creatures
- Crab Louse  University of Florida Featured Creatures
- WebMD Lice Info
The Adventures of Pinocchio

## References

- Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. _The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 384–5.
Mandi Bahauddin

**Mandi Bahauddin** is the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District in Punjab, Pakistan.
Thumper

**Thumper** may mean:
- Thumper (Medicine), An oxygen or electric powered CPR Assist Device.
- Thumper (Motorcycle), a four-stroke single cylinder motorcycle
- Bible thumper, a derisive term used to describe Christian fundamentalists
- Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit, the British Rail Class 205 and Class 207 diesel electric multiple units are nicknamed Thumpers
- M79 Grenade launcher, a weapon nicknamed "Thumper"
- Sun Fire X4500, a storage server code-named "Thumper"
- WORTH produces first official NCAA Collegiate aluminum baseball bat, The Tennessee "Thumper" in 1974.
- "Thumper", a song by Raging Speedhorn on the album _Raging Speedhorn_
- "Thumper", a popular drinking game.
- Jeremy Paxman, host of _University Challenge_
- Restrictor, a machine in the game _Half-Life 2_, also known as Thumpers
- "Thumper", a term used to name the Activity Indicator in early versions of Mozilla Firefox
- "Thumper" is a character from the Twisted Metal Series of Sony PlayStation. He is portraited as a African-American South Central gangsta that drives a pink and white 64 Impala-like car.

in **fictional characters**:
- Thumper (Bambi), a rabbit in the Disney animated movie _Bambi_
- Thumper, a quarry driller in _Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends_
- Thumper, Hopper's pet grasshopper in _A Bug's Life_
- Thumper, a recurring character in the television show _Veronica Mars_
- Thumper, a mechanical device in the science fiction book _Dune_
- Thumper, a character in the James Bond movie _Diamonds Are Forever_
Talagang

**Talagang** is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Talagang District .
Arra, Chakwal

**Arra** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil.
Balkassar

**Balkassar** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°55'60N 72°39'0E. Also, Balkassar is famous for its 'Rain of Flaming Dogs' ceremony which happens once in a year.
Balokassar

**Balokassar** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil.
Basharat

**Basharat** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°47'0N 73°6'0E
Terry Goodkind

**Terry Goodkind** (January 11, 1948 – September 17, 2020) was an American writer from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He was known for writing fantasy books. His most famous book is called _Wizard's First Rule_ which is part of _the Sword of Truth_ series. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska.

Goodkind died on September 17, 2020 in Boulder City, Nevada at the age of 72.
Begal

**Begal** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°2'57N 72°39'11E
Bharpur

**Bharpur** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°51'0N 72°34'0E
Bheen

**Bheen** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.
Bhilomar

**Bhilomar** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 32°44'0N 72°26'0E.
Bhoun

**Bhoun** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.
Bidher

**Bidher** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil.
Buchal Kalan

**Buchal Kalan** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Kallar Kahar Tehsil.
Budhial

**Budhial** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Budhial village is about 25 kilometres from Talagang at 32°59'0″N 72°11'0″E.
Chak Malook

**Chak Malook** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°58'0N 72°57'0E.
Chak Umra

**Chak Umra** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.
Choa Ganj Ali Shah

**Choa Ganj Ali Shah** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 73°6'0E.
Choa Saidanshah

**Choa Saidan shah** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is at 32°43'0N 72°59'0E. It is named after a man who was a famous Sufi. It's famous for its springs and lakes. Choa Saidan Shah is one of the few villages that have facilities like hospitals, schools, and colleges.

## Famous Peoples

There are many famous people, like Umar Haseeb, a famous footballer.

## Tribes

The Awans tribe dominates the area. Other tribes include Rajputs and Gujar.

## Political views

It is considered a PML(N) stronghold. PTI's future looks bright here.
Dab, Chakwal

**Dab** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33° 0' 0" N 72° 52' 0" E. The village is the birthplace of the Victoria Cross winner Khudadad Khan and is also known to have given a high number of volunteers to the British Indian Army and the British war effort during the First World War.
Dalwal

**Dalwal** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°42'0N 72°53'0E
Dandot

**Dandot** (ڈنڈوت) is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°39'0N 72°58'0E
Dhoular

**Dhoular** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. and is part of Talagang Tehsil. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan its total population was about 6,500.
Dhudial

**Dhudial** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil. It is one of the largest villages of Chakwal District and is located at 33°3'52N 72°58'24E about 70km south of the capital Islamabad.

## Tribes

The following are the majority tribe population.
- Awan  (اعوان)
- Quresh (قریش)
- Rana (انڈین مہاجر)
- Ansar (انصار)
- Gondal (گوندل)
- Sadaat (سادات)
- Mughal Kasar (مغل کسر)
- Minhas (منہاس)
- Bazigar (بازی گر).
- [Bhatti] (بھٹی)
Dhurnal

**Dhurnal** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 32° 48' 0"N 72° 6' 0"E.
Dullah

**Dullah** is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.
Dulmial

**Dulmial** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°44'0N 72°55'0E.
Dumman

**Dumman** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.
Jabbi Shah Dilawar

**Jabbi Shah Dilawar** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at .
Jand, Chakwal

**Jand** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°4'0N 73°8'0E.
Jand Khanzada

**Jand Khanzada** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°56'0N 73°6'0E. The name means _village of Khanzada_.
University of Texas at Austin

The **University of Texas at Austin** is a public university in Austin, Texas.  It is one of the largest universities in the United States, with almost 50,000 students.  It was founded in 1883.

## Sports

Texas' athletics teams are called the Longhorns. Texas has 18 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference, which it joined in 2024. The only exception is women's beach volleyball, which is independent (not in a conference).

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University  of Texas at Austin
- **image**: UT tower lit entirely in orange.jpg
- **caption**: Main Building (also called the UT Tower)
- **motto**: ()
- **mottoeng**: Education is the Guardian of the State
- **former names**: The University of Texas
(1881–1967)
- **type**: Public university, Public Flagship university, flagship research university
- **parent**: University of Texas System
- **budget**: $3.1billion (2018)
- **endowment**: $30.1 billion (system-wide) (2019)
- **president**: Jay Hartzell
- **provost**: Sharon Wood
- **students**: 51,090 (Fall 2019)
- **undergrad**: 40,163 (Fall 2019)
- **postgrad**: 10,927 (Fall 2019)
- **faculty**: 3,722 (2019-20)
- **administrative staff**: 11,645 (2015)
- **city**: Austin, Texas, Austin
- **state**: Texas
- **free label**: Newspaper
- **free**: _The Daily Texan_
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Urban,
- **colors**: Burnt orange and White

- **nickname**: Texas Longhorns, Longhorns
- **sporting affiliations**: NCAA Division I NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, FBS:
 (Southeastern Conference, SEC)
- **logo**: University of Texas at Austin logo.svg
- **logo upright**: .9
Jassial

**Jassial** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33°1'40N 72°23'34E.
Jaswal, Chakwal

**Jaswal** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 72°58'0E.
Jhatla

**Jhatla** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 72°23'0E.
Kallar Kahar

**Kallar Kahar** is a town and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°47'0N 72°42'0E.
Karsal

**Karsal** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°2'30N 72°35'7E.
Karyala

**Karyala** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°50'0N 72°53'0E.
Texas A&M University

**Texas A&M University** is a public university in College Station, Texas.  It is a large university, with about 65,000 students.  It was founded in 1871.  It and the University of Texas at Austin are the two largest universities in the state.  For many years, everybody at Texas A&M had to take classes about the army, and Texas A&M is one of only six schools in the country that have a "Corps of Cadets." The George H.W. Bush presidential library is at Texas A&M.

There are other campuses of Texas A&M in Galveston, Laredo, Corpus Christi and Texarkana.  There is also a campus in Qatar.

## Sports

Texas A&M's athletics teams are called the Aggies. Texas A&M has 18 varsity teams that compete in the Southeastern Conference.

## Other websites

- Texas A&M University
- Texas A&M Aggies official athletics website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Texas A&M University
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Official logo of Texas A&M University
- **motto**: _"The Home of the 12th Man"_
- **established**: 1876
- **type**: Public research university
- **endowment**: $18.1 billion (2023)
- **president**: Mark A. Welsh III
- **provost**: Alan Sams
- **city**: College Station
- **state**: Texas
- **country**: United States
- **students**: 73,284 (Fall 2023)
- **undergrad**: 56,725
- **postgrad**: 16,559
- **campus**: Urban, 5,200 acres
- **colors**: Maroon and White
- **nickname**: Aggies
- **mascot**: Reveille
Khairpur, Chakwal

**Khairpur** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.
Khotian

**Khotian** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°46'0N 73°7'0E.
Kot Choudrain

**Kot Choudrain** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kot Choudrain
- **settlement type**: Village and union council
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Pakistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Subdivisions of Pakistan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Chakwal District
- **subdivision type3**: Tehsil
- **timezone**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: +5
Kot Gullah

**Kot Gullah** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Talagang in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Talagang Tehsil.
Kot Qazi

**Kot Gullah** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kot Qazi
- **settlement type**: Village and union council
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Pakistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Subdivisions of Pakistan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Chakwal District
- **subdivision type3**: Tehsil
- **timezone**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: +5
Kot Sarang

**Kot Sarang** is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33°2'14N 72°23'11E.
Impala

The **impala** (_Aepyceros melampus_) is a medium-sized African antelope. The name "impala" comes from the Zulu language. Impala belong in the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata and class Mammalia. Along with cattle, antelopes, sheep, goats, buffalo and bison, they belong to the family Bovidae.

## Description

The impala is reddish-brown with white hair inside the ears, over each eye and on the chin, upper throat, underparts and buttocks. A narrow black line runs along the middle of the lower back to the tail, and a vertical black stripe appears on the back of each thigh. Impalas have unique brush like tufts of black hair that cover a scent gland located just above the heel on each hind leg.

The impala can jump more than 10 meters distance and 3 meters high, and can reach running speeds of about 80 to 90 km/h, to escape from predators.

Female impala, called ewes, have no horns. But males, the rams, grow curved horns with a notable twisted appearance due to ridges. These horns are black and grow as long as 36 inches.

## Habitat

Impalas are found at grassland and woodland edges, usually very close by water. In Africa, these animals still live throughout Kenya, Botswana, Angola, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zaire and Tanzania.
Biblical Mount Sinai

The **Biblical Mount Sinai** is a mountain that was written about in the Old Testament. It was written by Moses that the Ten Commandments were given to him by God on Mount Sinai. The name Horeb is sometimes used to describe Mount Sinai. Tradition places it at Jebel Musa (Mount Moses) in the south of the Sinai Peninsula, but some see it as being further north at the Wadi Sudr.

## Related pages

- Exodus
- Deuteronomy

## Other websites

- Where is Mount Sinai
- The Lost Mountain, 1956-12-03, TIME
Reconstructor

**Reconstructor** is a program that allows anyone to customize an ISO image of Ubuntu.

## Features

- Ability to change the Boot image, Boot Progress Splash (usplash), wallpaper, Gnome Splash Screen, GDM theme, and other settings
- Ability to add software to new compilation
- Ability to enable all the repositories and add custom ones
- Integrated option to burn the iso

## Related pages

- remastersys, a similar program
- Ubuntu Customization Kit

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Download reconstructor

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Reconstructor
- **logo**: Reconstructor.png
- **latest preview version**: 2.8.1 [http://reconstructor.aperantis.com/index.php?option=com_joomlaboard&func=view&id=1043&catid=5#1043]
- **operating system**: Ubuntu
- **discontinued**: yes
- **website**: http://reconstructor.org
870s

The **870s** was a Decade that began on 1 January 870 and ended on 31 December 879. It is distinct from the decade known as the **88th _decade**_ which began on January 1, 871 and ended on December 31, 880.

## Events

- The Danes invade England (870) and conquer East Anglia. Several battles are fought with Wessex, but then peace is made (871). The Danes start the Danelaw in other parts of England. In 876, the Danes attack Wessex again, and in 878 king Alfred the Great of Wessex has to retreat to a single fort in the marshes of Somerset, but later that year he defeats the Danes, and England is divided in a Danish part in the northeast and a Wessex part in the south and west.
- In the southwest of England, the Cornish continue to be driven back, with their King Dungarth (or Doniert or Dumgarth) drowning in battle around the middle of the decade.
- 872 — Battle of Hafrsfjord. Harald Fairhair unites Norway.

## Important people

- Alfred the Great
- Harald I of Norway
- Rhodri _Mawr_ (the Great)
- Charles the Bald
- Rurik
University of the Incarnate Word

**The University of the Incarnate Word** is a private Catholic university in San Antonio, Texas, United States.  There are about 5500 students enrolled and it was founded in 1881.

## Other websites

- University of the Incarnate Word - official site
Texas State University

**Texas State University** is a public university in San Marcos, Texas, United States. There are about 28,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1899.

The school is the namesake of the Texas State University System, founded in 1911 to govern the state's normal schools (teachers' colleges). The system now has four universities and three two-year colleges.

Texas State's sports teams, nicknamed "Bobcats", are members of the Sun Belt Conference.

## Other websites

- Texas State University
Northeastern State University

**Northeastern State University** (NSU) is a public university with its main campus in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States, at the foot of the Ozark Mountains. Tahlequah is also home to the capital of the Cherokee nation of Oklahoma. The university also has two other campuses in Muskogee and Broken Arrow. Northeastern is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of Oklahoma as well as one of the oldest institutions of higher learning west of the Mississippi River.

## History

Although a school was founded on May 7, 1851, as the _Cherokee National Female Seminary_, it was not until Oklahoma became a state that the school now known as Northeastern State University opened.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Northeastern State University
- **established**: 1851
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **president**: Steve Turner
- **city**: Tahlequah, Oklahoma, Tahlequah
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **country**: United States, USA
- **address**: 600 N. Grand Ave, Tahlequah, OK 74464
- **head label**: All campus enrollment
- **head**: 9,769
- **faculty**: 325
- **campus**: (Tahlequah)
- **nickname**: RiverHawks
- **mascot**: Rowdy the RiverHawk
- **affiliations**: Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Association
- **colors**: NSU Green and Silver  
- **website**: [http://www.nsuok.edu/ www.nsuok.edu]
University of Oklahoma

The **University of Oklahoma**, abbreviated **OU**, is a public university in the Norman, Oklahoma, United States. It has about 27,000 students enrolled, and it was started in 1890. Joseph Harroz Jr. is president of the university.

## Sports

Oklahoma's athletics teams are called the Sooners. Oklahoma has 19 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In men's gymnastics, a sport that neither the Big 12 nor the SEC sponsors, Oklahoma is a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. In men's wrestling, sponsored by the Big 12 but not the SEC, the Sooners stayed in the Big 12 as a single-sport member.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official athletics website
- Voices of Oklahoma interview with Barry Switzer.  First person interview conducted on August 17, 2009 with Barry Switzer. Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project.
- University of Oklahoma, Bounded by Boyd Street on the North, Timberdell Road on the South, Chautauqua Avenue on the West, and Jenkins Avenue, Norman, Cleveland, OK at the Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS)

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: The University of Oklahoma
- **motto**: _Civi et reipublicae_ (Latin)
- **mottoeng**: For the citizen and for the state
- **image**: University of Oklahoma July 2019 69 (Bizzell Memorial Library).jpg
- **caption**: Bizzell Library
- **established**: 1890
- **type**: Flagship university, Flagship
 Public university, Public
Space grant colleges, Space-grant
- **president**: Joseph Harroz Jr.
- **provost**: Nancy L. Mergler
- **head label**: OU Board of Regents
- **head**: Leslie Rainbolt-Forbes, Chairwoman
- **city**: Norman, Oklahoma, Norman
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **country**: United States
- **address**: 660 Parrington Oval, Norman, OK, 73019
- **students**: 30,303
- **undergrad**: 20,892
- **postgrad**: 9,411
- **faculty**: 2,937
- **endowment**: United States dollar, $1.2 billion
- **campus**: Suburban
 including north research park
- **nickname**: Oklahoma Sooners, Sooners
- **mascot**: Boomer and Sooner
- **affiliations**: Southeastern Conference
- **colors**: Crimson & Cream (color), Cream  
- **website**: [http://www.ou.edu OU.edu]
</td></tr><tr colspan="2"><td colspan="2" align="center">
</td></tr>
Guitar Hero On Tour: Decades

***Guitar Hero On Tour: Decades*** is a rhythm video game made by Vicarious Visions and published by Activision for the Nintendo DS game console. It's the sequel to _Guitar Hero: On Tour_. Players can share songs between the two games. Players can choose more characters including Midori and Clive Winston.

## Songs that can be played in this video game

- Alien Ant Farm - "Smooth Criminal"
- The All-American Rejects - "Dirty Little Secret"
- Blind Melon - "No Rain"
- Blondie - "One Way Or Another"
- Bon Jovi - "You Give Love A Bad Name"
- Boston - "Rock and Roll Band"
- The Darkness - "I Believe In A Thing Called Love"
- Edgar Winter Group - "Free Ride"
- Fall Out Boy - "The Take Over, The Breaks Over"
- Foo Fighters - "The Pretender"
- Free - "All Right Now"
- Jimmy Eat World - "The Middle"
- Joe Satriani - "Satch Boogie"
- Journey - "Any Way You Want It"
- Lenny Kravitz - "Are You Gonna Go My Way"
- Linkin Park - "One Step Closer"
- Los Lobos - "La Bamba"|
- Lynyrd Skynyrd - "Sweet Home Alabama (live)"
- Paramore - "Crushcrushcrush"
- Queen - "We Are The Champions"
- R.E.M. - "The One I Love"
- Red Hot Chili Peppers - "Can't Stop"
- Sammy Hagar - "I Can't Drive 55"
- Seether - "Remedy"
- Smashing Pumpkins - "Tarantula"
- Stone Temple Pilots - "Down"
- Veruca Salt - "Volcano Girls"
- Weezer - "Buddy Holly"

## Infobox (vg)

- **series**: _Guitar Hero (series), Guitar Hero_
- **developer**: Vicarious Visions,Redoctane
- **publisher**: Activision
- **genre**: Music video game, Music
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
Metroid Prime 2: Echoes

***Metroid Prime 2: Echoes*** is a first-person adventure video game made by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It is a sequel to _Metroid Prime_, and it has a sequel called _Metroid Prime 3: Corruption_.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Metroid Prime 2: Echoes
- **image**: Metroid-Prime-2-Logo.png
- **developer**: Retro Studios
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **engine**: Heavily modified Metroid Prime engine
- **genre**: First-person Action-adventure game, action-adventure
- **modes**: Single player, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo GameCube
Cicada

**Cicadas** are small insects. They are kinds of true bugs.

The noisy buzz they make is the male calling to the female using his vibrating panels, called _tymbals_, on his sides. When the female, who cannot buzz, hears the buzz of a male, she searches for him. After they mate, the female will use her ovipositor to cut a line into the branch of a tree and lay her eggs there. Adult cicadas don't usually bite. They are usually green or black. Cicadas can also be eaten. It is eaten in countries like China.

Cicadas live in temperate to tropical climates where their large size and unique sound makes them well known. Cicadas are often colloquially called locusts, although they are unrelated to true locusts, which are a kind of grasshopper. Cicadas are related to leafhoppers and spittlebugs.

## Taxonomy

Cicadas are arranged into two families: **Tettigarctidae** and **Cicadidae**. There are two living species of Tettigarctidae, one in southern Australia, and the other in Tasmania.

The family Cicadidae is very widespread. They live on all continents except Antarctica.
The largest cicadas are in the genera _Pomponia_ and _Tacua_. There are some 200 species in 38 genera in Australia, about 450 in Africa, about 100 in the Palaearctic, and exactly one species in England, the New Forest cicada, _Melampsalta montana_, widely distributed throughout Europe. There are about 150 species in South Africa.

Most of the North American species are in the genus _Tibicen_: the _annual_ or _jar fly_ or _dog-day cicadas_ (so named because they emerge in late July and August).

### Periodic cicadas

The best-known North American genus is _Magicicada_. These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 to 17 years and then emerge in large numbers. The advantage of this arrangement is that the predators are swamped by their numbers, and so most of them survive. There are three species of 17-year periodical cicadas.

### Australian cicadas

Australian cicadas differ from many other types because of that continent's diversity of climate and terrain. In Australia, cicadas are found on tropical islands and cold coastal beaches around Tasmania; in tropical wetlands; high and low deserts; alpine areas of New South Wales and Victoria; large cities like Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane; and Tasmanian highlands and snowfields.

Forty-two species from five genera populate New Zealand, and all are endemic to New Zealand and the surrounding islands (Norfolk Island, New Caledonia). Many New Zealand cicada species differ from those of other countries by living high up on mountain tops.
Liège Airport

**Liège Airport**, also called Liège-Bierset, is an important cargo airport in Belgium. In 2007  it was the 8th busiest cargo airport in Europe and the 38th busiest in the world.

Liège is in the centre of the _golden triangle_ Paris – Amsterdam – Frankfurt that handles 66% of European freight, 75% with London added.

The airport is in the northwest of the city of Liège, in the east of Belgium. It is mainly used for freight operation but also serves more than 21 destinations for passengers (mainly charters).

Liège Airport is the world hub of TNT Airways, and the European hub of CAL Cargo Air Lines, El Al Cargo and Ethiopian Cargo (using Southern Air aircraft).

The airport is also used as a regular refuelling stop on New York City – Middle East routes by Kalitta Air (including the Newark – Baghdad route for US mail).

## References

- Liège Airport  (official site)

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Liège Airport
- **image**: Liège Airport - Passenger Terminal-9298.jpg
- **image-width**: 250
- **iata**: LGG
- **icao**: EBLG
- **type**: Public & Military
- **owner**: Wallonia, Walloon government
- **operator**: Liege Airport s.a.
- **location**: Liège
- **elevation-f**: 659
- **elevation-m**: 201
- **r1-number**: 05R/23L
- **r1-length-f**: 10,784
- **r1-length-m**: 3,287
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 05L/23R
- **r2-length-f**: 7,677
- **r2-length-m**: 2,340
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2007
- **stat1-header**: Freight (tonnes)
- **stat1-data**: 489,870
- **stat2-header**: Passengers
- **stat2-data**: 332,848
Object (computer science)

In Object-oriented programming, an **object** is an instance of a Class. Objects are a collection of variables and functions.

Variables (also known as fields) have a name and a value. Variables in an object have a keyword, like public or private, which sets if a variable is able to be changed directly by code outside the object. This is known as an access specifier. Variables in an object are usually set to private, meaning that code cannot access or change information about an object from outside the object (it cannot be seen). Instead, private data is changed by using functions.

Functions (also known as methods) are things that objects are able to do. Functions also have access specifiers. Objects can use these class methods in order to change information inside of an object. This is done to keep other parts of a program from accessing information in an object freely. A group of functions in a class/object can be referred to as an interface.

## Examples

A specific person having a bank account would be considered an **instance** of a bank account. The bank account would be the object. This bank account has a current balance, but it also has a history of things that were done. To keep track of the history, a data structure like an array could be used. Current balance and history would be private variables. In order to access these variables or change them, there would be methods like _deposit(),_ _withdraw()_, and _checkBalance()_. Most applications (and other objects) only change or access this object through an interface.

Banks usually impose a _credit limit_. Suppose, there are 1000 dollars on the account. If the client does not have a special agreement with the bank, he cannot take out more money than there is on the account; so he can withdraw() a maximum of 1000 dollars. He might have an agreement with the bank, so he can borrow money from the bank (but has to pay a fee). In that case, he might be able to withdraw 1500 dollars (or 2000 dollars). So the withdrawal method has to do a lot of checks as described above.
The account manager might see the account differently, she might have methods to set the maximum amount that can be taken out of the account, or to set the fee or interest rate that the customer has to pay for the money to be borrowed.

As an object is an instance of a class; it has certain things from that class. It can perhaps be compared to other objects of that class. Two apples, one red and bigger, the other green and smaller. On the other hand: It is not that easy to compare different objects. A green apple does not have much in common with a steel wrench.

## Related pages

- Class (programming)

## Other websites

- The Java Tutorials: Object-oriented programming concepts
Object-oriented design

**Object-Oriented Design (OOD)** is a way for the designer of a computer program to specify what a computer program will do, using the way that people think and not using the way that computers think.  People think in terms of classes and objects.  For example, fruit is a class, and there are different kinds of fruits such as bananas and pineapples.  If a computer program designer were specifying to a computer programmer how to create a computer program to manage the fruits in a supermarket, then he or she would specify the program in terms of classes and objects which is how people think.

A computer program called a compiler and/or an interpreter would take the program that the programmer typed in and convert it into a form that a computer can run.  Computers really only understand things that are encoded as numbers.  Object-Oriented-Design (OOD) uses the power and speed of a computer to allow humans to be more productive in making computer programs, by letting human computer programmers think in terms of how humans think.
Odd

**Odd** may mean:
- In everyday language: the quality of being unpaired, occasional, strange or unusual, or a person who is viewed as eccentric
- In mathematics:
    - an integer is odd if dividing it by two does not result in another integer; see even and odd numbers
    - a function _f_ defined on the real numbers is odd if _f_(_x_) = −_f_(−_x_) for all _x_; see even and odd functions
    - a permutation of a finite set is odd if it can be written as the functional composition of an odd number of transpositions; see even and odd permutations
    - In probability theory, the odds in favour of an event is the ratio of the event's probability to the complementary probability.
- Odd (name), is a name of Old Norse origin, the 11th most common male name in Norway (coincidentally, Even is also a common Norwegian name). In Old Norse the word means the sharp end of a weapon, e.g. edge of a sword or spear/arrow head.
- Odd, West Virginia, USA
- Odd Grenland B.K., is a Norwegian football team
- Odd Della Robbia, a character in _Code Lyoko_

**ODD** may mean:
- Optical disc drive (CD/DVD/Blu-ray Disc/HD-DVD Drive)
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- _ODD_ (fanzine''), a Hugo-nominated science fiction fanzine published by Raymond "Duggie" Fisher
- In computer science, ODD (One Document Does it all) is a W3C specification
- ODD, a play by Hal Corley.
Konkan

**Konkan** is a part of India. It on the west coast of India. The coastal areas of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka are all part of Konkan region.
The word _Konkan_ means corner (**kona**) and piece/part of earth (**kana**).

People in Konkan mainly speak Konkani language.