juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Khizar Hayat Tiwana

**Sir Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana** <small>KCSI, OBE</small> (7 August 1900 – 20 January 1975) () was a Punjabi politician of British India. He was a member of the Unionist Party (Punjab). He remained Premier of the Punjab region from 1942 to 1947, just before the Partition of India.

He was from a Tiwana Jat landowning family which had been prominent since the 15th and 16th centuries. His father Malik Sir Umar Hayat Tiwana had also been a faithful vassal of the British Raj and did much to elevate the family further.
Tarar

The **Tarar** are a Jatt clan of India and Pakistan. They mostly live in the Punjab region in both these countries. Tarars in Indian Punjab are mostly Hindus and Sikhs while those in Pakistani Punjab are all Muslims.

In recent times, the most well-known member of this clan is Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, a former President of Pakistan.
Pahalgam

**Pahalgam** () or () is a town in India. It is located in the Anantnag District in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is the place where the 2025 Pahalgam Massacre took place.
Common ivy

**Common Ivy** (_Hedera helix_) is a vine. It is evergreen - it does not lose its leaves in winter. Originally, the plant grew on the Macaronesian islands, but it spread  through the Mediterranean and Europe to Asia. All parts of the plant are poisonous. It is often used as a decorative plant in gardens. Ivy is very important for ecology: its nectar and seeds are available when few other plants are. Sometimes ivy is considered to be an invasive species, esp. in North America.

## Other websites

- _Hedera helix_  at Weedbusters (New Zealand)
- The Know Ivy League at the City of Portland, Park & Recreation Bureau website
Macaronesia

The **Macaronesian islands**, or simply **Macaronesia** is a modern name for several groups of islands of volcanic origin in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Europe and Africa. They belong to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde.

## Origin of name

**Macaronesia** ( 'blessed', 'happy' and  'island'; 'blessed/fortunate islands'). This term was used by Ancient Greek geographers for islands to the west of the Strait of Gibraltar.

The modern use of the term Macaronesia goes to the botanist Philip Barker Webb in the 1830s for botanical descriptions. The name is occasionally misspelled "Macronesia" in analogy with Micronesia.

## Islands included

The following groups of islands (archipelagos) are commonly counted as being part of the Macaronesia - from north to south:
1. Portuguese islands
    - Azores (): area , population 245,746 (2012)
    - Madeira Islands (): area , population 267,785 (2011)
1. Spanish islands
    - Canary Islands (): area , population 2,117,519 (2011)
1. Independent
    - Cape Verde (): area , population 523,568 (2013 est.)

Spanish is spoken in the Canary Islands and Portuguese in the rest of the islands. Cape Verde was a colony of Portugal but it is independent since 1975.

## Geography and environment

The islands of Macaronesia are volcanic in origin, and are thought to be the product of several geologic hotspots.

The climate of the Macaronesian islands goes from Mediterranean in the Azores and Madeira to arid in Cape Verde. The Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a generally cooler climate and higher rainfall than the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.

Even if the distances between the different groups of islands are large, the plants and animals are similar and there are many endemic plants that are found only in these islands.

The islands have a unique biogeography, and are home to several distinct plant and animal communities. The laurel forests, known as _laurisilva_, of Macaronesia are a type of mountain cloud forest with species of a vegetation type which originally covered much of the Mediterranean Basin when the climate of the region was more humid and evolved to adapt to island conditions. These forests once covered most of the Azores, Madeira, and parts of the Canary Islands ("Canaries") between 400–1200 m altitude (the eastern Canaries and Cape Verde being too dry).

## Conservation issues

Cutting the trees for timber and wood, clearing vegetation for grazing and agriculture, and the introduction of plants and animals by humans has displaced much of the native vegetation. The laurisilva has been reduced to small pockets.  As a result, many of the endemic biota of the islands are seriously endangered or extinct.

## Other websites

- Jérôme Petit et Guillaume Prudent, « Macaronésie », _Changement climatique et biodiversité dans l’outre-mer européen_, UICN/ONERC, 2008, p. 124-137
Dhamrai Jagannath Roth

**Dhamrai Jagannath Roth** is a temple that is actually a chariot, that is located in the city of Dhamrai in Bangladesh. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu God Jagannath. The chariot is carved from wood, with many decorative carvings and paintings, and has six levels with statues inside. It is taken out in a grand procession once a year for a festival called the Roth Jatra (or the Rathyatra or Rathajatra). The Roth Jatra in Dhamrai is one of the most important events for the Hindu community of Bangladesh.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dhamrai Jagannath Roth
- **native name**: ধামরাই জগন্নাথ রথ
- **image skyline**: Dhamrai Rath.jpg
- **image caption**: The famous Roth of Dhamrai.
Killer Instinct

***Killer Instinct*** is a fighting game published by Nintendo. The game premiered on arcade in November 1994 and onto SNES the following year. _Killer Instinct_ is strongly similar to _Street Fighter_, except that the characters for this game are different with far more sophistication.
Doc Severinsen

**Carl Hilding "Doc" Severinsen** (born July 7, 1927) is an American pop and jazz trumpeter.  He is best known for leading the NBC Orchestra on _The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson_. He has won a Grammy Award.

Severinsen was born on July 7, 1927 in Arlington, Oregon. He was married to Evonne Nyman from 1964 until they divorced in 1976. He married Emily Marshall in 1980. He has five children.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Doc Severinsen Discography
- Tonight Show Bio

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Doc Severinsen
- **image**: Doc Severinsen In Seattle 2009.JPG
- **caption**: Severinsen in 2009
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Carl Hilding Severinsen
- **birth place**: Arlington, Oregon, U.S.
- **origin**: Arlington, Oregon, U.S.
- **instrument**: Trumpet
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Bandleader, trumpeter
- **years active**: 1952–present
Warraich

The **Warraich** or **Warraich** are found in Pakistan and India. They mostly live in Pakistani Punjab and also in Indian Punjab. They belong to Sikh religion and people left in Pakistan converted to Muslim. Apparently, the roots are from shrubs of Chenab River in Gujrat now district Gujrat , Pakistan. In the beginning 20th century the spread all over the Punjab including Pakistan and India after land allocation due to modern Punjab irrigation system introduced by British India government.mahraja ranjit singh belong warraich clan

## Religion

The majority of Warraich are muslim. The Warraich from the Pakistani side of Punjab are mostly Muslim, while those from the Indian states of Haryana and Punjab are predominantly Sikh.

## Geographical distribution

In Pakistan, the Warraich are mostly found in the districts of Gujrat and Gujranwala. They also live in Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Dunyapur Tehsil of Lodhran, Faisalabad , Chichawatni and Sargodha.
In India, Warraich are mostly found in Haryana, Patiala and the Amritsar District.
Lena Horne

**Lena Mary Calhoun Horne** (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, actress, civil rights activist and dancer.

## Family Life

Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York City. She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and in New York City. When she was three years old, her father, Edwin “Teddy” Horne, and her mother, Edna, divorced. She lived with her grandmother, Cora Calhoun, and her grandfather, Edwin Horne. Her mother was an actor and singer, but she was not very successful. She took Lena to the South, where they moved often. When she returned to Brooklyn, she continued to move often. After her career started, Horne married Louis Jones. They divorced later. They had two children, Gail and Edwin “Teddy”. Then, she was married to Leonard George “Lennie” Hayton, a white musician. Because marriage between two races was against the law in California, they were married in Paris, France. In 1970, Horne's son and father died. The year after, Horne's husband died of a heart attack.

## Career

Even though her parents did not want her to be a singer, she still spent a lot of time doing it. Her family thought that she was able to do better things. Later, she decided to leave high-school to spend her time singing. Horne cared a lot about helping people without equality. Horne was a singer, actress, and dancer. She mostly sang a type of music called the blues and had a strong voice. Horne began her career in the arts by dancing and singing at the Cotton Club when she was 16. When she was 25, Horne became the first black singer with a long term singing contract. A few years later she was very popular in clubs. In the 1940s and 1950s she was in many movies and musicals, such as _Stormy Weather_, _The Wiz_, _Ziegfeld Follies_, _Till the Clouds Roll By_, _Death of a Gunfighter_, and in _The Duke is Tops_. At age 46, Horne wrote a book about herself called “Lena.” She won the Spingarn Medal, the Tony Award, and the Drama Desk Award. Horne won these awards at ages 64 and 66. Horne died on May 9, 2010 in New York City, New York from heart failure, aged 92.<sup>[1]</sup>

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lena Horne
- **image**: Lena Horne 1961.JPG
- **caption**: Horne in her stage show, _Nine O'Clock Revue_, 1961.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Lena Mary Calhoun Horne
- **birth date**:
Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
- **death date**:
New York City, U.S.
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals
- **genre**: Broadway theatre, Broadway, Traditional pop music, traditional pop, vocal jazz
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, dancer, actress, civil rights activist, recording artist
- **years active**: 1933–2000
- **label**: MGM, RCA Victor, United Artists, Blue Note Records, Blue Note, Qwest Records, Qwest/Warner Bros. Records
- **associated acts**: Harry Belafonte, Tony Bennett, Vic Damone, Judy Garland, Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Billie Holiday, Sammy Davis, Jr., Barbra Streisand, Teddy Wilson
Francis Preston Blair

**Francis Preston Blair, Sr.** (April 12, 1791 – October 18, 1876) or **Preston Blair** was an American journalist and politician, before and during the American Civil War.  Blair wanted to reunite the North and the South during the war. Blair helped to create the Republican Party. He supported many Democrats, but was mostly the ally of Republican President Abraham Lincoln. He is nicknamed **The Father of the Republican Party** since he was one of the men who started the Republican Party.

## Early life

Blair was born at Abingdon, Virginia on April 12, 1791. He moved to Kentucky and later graduated from Transylvania University in 1811. Blair became a journalist in Frankfort, Kentucky and Washington D.C., and a prominent leader of the Democrats. He was married to Eliza Violet Gist from 1812 until his death in 1876. They had five children. He founded Silver Spring, the second largest city in Maryland, in 1840.

## Political career

Blair helped create the Republican Party and supported the first nominee of the party, Abraham Lincoln. Although he had slaves, Blair was said that after the Mexican War that slavery should not be extended beyond where it was allowed. In 1848 he actively supported Martin Van Buren, the Free Soil Party candidate for the presidency. Later, he supported Franklin Pierce, but then went on to help organize the new Republican Party in supporting Anti-Slavery reforms at a convention at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in February 1856.

### Abraham Lincoln

Blair wanted John C. Frémont for president and supported him at the June 1856 convention. At the 1860 convention he supported the nomination of Edward Bates as president. When it was clear that Bates would not be nominated, Blair then supported the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. Blair helped many democratic politicians to vote yes on making slavery illegal and becoming the 13th Amendment.

Blair asked President Lincoln that once Savannah, Georgia fell, he should travel to the capital of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia to talk to President Jefferson Davis, whom he knew.  He organized a peace conference that failed.

In 1862, Blair had told his slaves that they could "go when they wished." He said that "all but one declined the privilege," choosing to stay on as servants.

## Death

Blair died on October 18, 1876 in Silver Spring, Maryland from natural causes, aged 85. He was later buried at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C. His wife, Eliza, died on July 5, 1877, a year after his death.

## Culture

In Steven Spielberg's 2012 biography movie _Lincoln_, Blair was played by actor Hal Holbrook.

## Legacy

A town is named after him in Georgia, Blairville, Georgia.

His great-great grandson is American actor Montgomery Clift.

## Other websites

- Francis Preston Blair, Sr. at Find A Grave
Araliaceae

The **Araliaceae** are a family of flowering plants, also known as the **Aralia family** (after its type genus _Aralia_) or ivy family. The family includes 254 species of trees, shrubs, lianas and perennial herbaceous plants in two subfamilies. Species usually bear pinnately or palmately compound leaves, and usually have small flowers produced in large panicles.
Hindkowan

**Hindkowans** is a general term used to identify speakers of the Hindko dialect of Punjabi in Pakistan. In fact this is not an ethnic grouping or category properly speaking, and comprises diverse elements in the Punjab, and small amount in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and in Mianwali District and Dera Ghazi Khan areas of Punjab (Pakistan).

However, over time, this linguistic category or grouping has come to be linked to various indigenous regional demands and aspirations and is now thought to be an ethnic group in itself.
Patricia Neal

**Patricia Neal** (January 20, 1926 – August 8, 2010) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actress who is known for her roles in _Breakfast at Tiffany's_, _The Day the Earth Stood Still_, _Hud_, _A Face in the Crowd_, and in _The Fountainhead_. She has won an Academy Award in 1963, two BAFTA Awards in 1963 and in 1965, a Golden Globe Award 1971, and a Tony Award in 1947.

Neal was born on January 20, 1926 in Packard, Kentucky. She was raised in Knoxville, Tennessee. She studied at Knoxville High School and at Northwestern University. Neal was married to Roald Dahl from 1953 until they divorced in 1983. They had five children. She was partners with Gary Cooper before she meet Dahl. Neal died on August 8, 2010 in Edgartown, Massachusetts from lung cancer, aged 84.
Thaddeus Stevens

**Thaddeus Stevens** (April 4, 1792 – August 11, 1868) was an American Republican leader. He was one of the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives from 1849 until his death in 1868.

He was chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee. Stevens was a witty, sarcastic speaker and confident party leader. He dominated the House from 1861 until his death. Stevens helped create the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. He also helped with the act that helped the Reconstruction of the United States.

## Early life

Stevens was born in Danville, Vermont on April 4, 1792. He went to  Dartmouth College and the University of Vermont. Stevens was never married and had no children. He was in a relationship with his black housekeeper even when slavery was legal. He wore a wig because he was bald.

## Political career

He wrote much of the financial legislation that paid for the American Civil War. Stevens and Senator Charles Sumner were the prime leaders of the Radical Republicans during the war and Reconstruction era. He worked and supported Abraham Lincoln's plan to end slavery and the U.S. reconstruction plan. He was part of Andrew Johnson's impeachment.

## Death

Stevens died on August 11, 1868 in Washington, D.C. from a stomach infection, aged 76. He was buried in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

## Personal life

Stevens never married. However, there were rumors about his 20-year relationship (1848–1868) with his widowed housekeeper, Lydia Hamilton Smith (1813–1884). She was a light-skinned African-American; her husband Jacob and at least one of her sons were much darker than she was.

## Culture

He was played by actor Tommy Lee Jones in Steven Spielberg's 2012 biography movie _Lincoln_.

## Other websites

- Stevens and Smith Historic Site
- Thaddeus Stevens Society
- Thaddeus Stevens's Legacy

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thaddeus Stevens
- **image**: Thaddeus Stevens - Brady-Handy-crop.jpg
- **state1**: Pennsylvania
- **district1**: Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district, 9th
- **term start1**: March 4, 1859
- **term end1**: August 11, 1868
- **preceded1**: Anthony Ellmaker Roberts, Anthony Roberts
- **succeeded1**: Oliver James Dickey, Oliver Dickey
- **state2**: Pennsylvania
- **district2**: Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district, 8th
- **term start2**: March 4, 1849
- **term end2**: March 4, 1853
- **preceded2**: John Strohm (congressman), John Strohm
- **succeeded2**: Henry A. Muhlenberg
- **party**: Federalist Party (United States), Federalist, Anti-Masonic Party, Anti-Masonic, Whig Party (United States), Whig, Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **birth place**: Danville, Vermont, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **profession**: Politician
- **signature**: T Stevens Signature.svg
Benjamin Wade

**Benjamin Franklin "Bluff" Wade** (October 27, 1800 – March 2, 1878) was a U.S. lawyer and United States Senator. In the Senate, he was associated with the Radical Republicans of that time. Wade was only one vote away from becoming the President of the United States due to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.

Wade was born on October 27, 1800 in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was raised in Jefferson, Ohio. Wade was married to Caroline M. Rosekrans from 1841 until his death in 1878. They had two children. Wade died on March 2, 1878 in Jefferson, Ohio from natural causes, aged 77.

## Other websites

- Riddle, A.G. (1888). The life of Benjamin F. Wade. Cleveland: The Williams Publishing Company

## Infobox (senator)

- **name**: Benjamin Wade
- **birth name**: Benjamin Franklin Wade
- **image**: Benjamin F Wade - Brady-Handy.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Ohio
- **party**: Whig Party (United States), Whig, Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **term**: March 15, 1851 – March 4, 1869
- **preceded**: Thomas Ewing, Thomas Ewing, Sr.
- **succeeded**: Allen G. Thurman
- **order2**: President pro tempore of the United States Senate
- **term start2**: March 2, 1867
- **term end2**: March 4, 1869
- **preceded2**: Lafayette S. Foster
- **succeeded2**: Henry B. Anthony
- **birth place**: Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Jefferson, Ohio, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: Caroline Rosekrans Wade
- **signature**: Benjamin Wade signature.jpg
- **profession**: Politician, Lawyer
Japanese New Year

New Year in Japan is one of the most important festivals. Unlike the Chinese New Year, it is held on January 1.

## Related pages

- Heisei period
Yoshirō Mori

is a Japanese politician. He was the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan from 5 April 2000 until 26 April 2001. Mori has been described as having "the heart of a flea and the brain of a shark,". He was not a well liked prime minister. Mori is mainly remembered today for his many gaffes. He is currently President of the Japan Rugby Football Union as well as the Japan-Korea Parliamentarians' Union.

In 2014, he was appointed to be in charge of the organizing committee for the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. He resigned in February 2021 after he made some sexist comments at a committee meeting.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Yoshiro Mori
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yoshiro Mori 20000405.jpg
- **order**: 55th
- **office**: Prime Minister of Japan
- **monarch**: Akihito
- **term start**: 5 April 2000
- **term end**: 26 April 2001
- **predecessor**: Mikio Aoki <small>(acting)</small>
- **successor**: Junichiro Koizumi
- **office2**: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Japan), Minister of Construction
- **primeminister2**: Tomiichi Murayama
- **term start2**: 8 August 1995
- **term end2**: 11 January 1996
- **predecessor2**: Koken Nosaka
- **successor2**: Eiichi Nakao
- **office3**: Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Minister of International Trade and Industry
- **primeminister3**: Kiichi Miyazawa
- **term start3**: 12 December 1992
- **term end3**: 20 July 1993
- **predecessor3**: Kozo Watanabe (Democratic Party politician), Kozo Watanabe
- **successor3**: Hiroshi Kumagai
- **office4**: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Minister of Education
- **primeminister4**: Yasuhiro Nakasone
- **term start4**: 27 December 1983
- **term end4**: 1 November 1984
- **predecessor4**: Mitsuo Setoyama
- **successor4**: Hikaru Matsunaga
- **office5**: President of the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games, President of the Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games
- **term start5**: 21 August 2016
- **predecessor5**: Carlos Arthur Nuzman
- **successor5**: Tony Estanguet
- **leader5**: Thomas Bach
- **office6**: President of the Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games
- **term start6**: 24 January 2014
- **predecessor6**: _Committee established_
- **birth place**: Nomi, Ishikawa, Empire of Japan, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
- **spouse**: Chieko Maki
- **children**: Yūki Mori
Yoko Fujimoto
- **alma mater**: Waseda University
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20050830101025/http://www.mori-yoshiro.com/ Yoshiro Mori WebSite]
Asia Cup (cricket)

The **Asia Cup** is an international cricket competition. It began in 1984, and is played every few years as either a One Day International (ODI) or a Twenty20 International (T20I) tournament. Each tournament takes place in one of the competing countries, which are Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). There have been 14 ODI and two T20I tournaments to June 2025. India and Sri Lanka have won one T20I title each. India have won seven ODI titles, Sri Lanka have won five, and Pakistan have won two.
Kingdom of God

The **Kingdom of God**, or **Kingdom of Heaven**  is an important religious idea. It is found in Judaism, Christianity and Islam
God has a 'Kingdom' of His own. The Parables of Jesus talk about the Kingdom. Life here is seen as a test for us and if we follow the orders of God and do good deeds then we shall be rewarded in an Afterlife, where 'good' people alone will enter the heaven with all its joys.

Those who do evil will not get to heaven.

## Related pages

- Heaven
- Hell
Adinath Temple, Maheshkhali

**Adinath Temple** is a temple dedicated to the Hindu God Adi Nath - another name for Shiva. It is on the summit of a hill, on Maheshkhali Island, off the coast of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The temple is famous for the fair held once a year at the foot of the hill. The fair lasts thirteen days and draws thousands of Hindus from across Bangladesh.
Chandranath Temple

**Chandranath Temple** is in southeastern Bangladesh, on top of a hill named Chandranath Hill. The temple is a sacred place to which people make pilgrimages.
Alec McCowen

**Alexander Duncan "Alec" McCowen** CBE (May 26, 1925 – February 6, 2017) was an English movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor who was known for his roles in _Frenzy_, _Gangs of New York_, _Never Say Never Again_, _The Age of Innocence_, and in _Travels with My Aunt_.

McCowen was born on May 26, 1925 in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent. He was raised in London, England. McCowen studied at Skinner's School and at the Royal Academy of the Dramatic Arts. He was gay. His partner, Geoffrey Burridge died from AIDS in 1987.

McCowen died at his home in London, England on February 6, 2017, aged 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alec McCowen
- **birth name**: Alexander Duncan McCowen
- **birth place**: Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1942 – 2002
- **education**: Skinners' School
- **alma mater**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
- **other names**: Alex McCowen
- **partner**: Geoffrey Burridge
(? – 1987; his death)
Bill Tarmey

**Bill Tarmey** (born **William Piddington** GBE; 4 April 1941 – 9 November 2012) was an English actor, singer,  author, and comedian, he was best known for playing the role of Jack Duckworth in the long-running ITV soap opera, _Coronation Street_, first playing the role in 1979, he played the role regularly from 1983 to 2010.

Tarmey was born on 4 April 1941 in Ardwick, Manchester, England. He was married to Alma Tarmey from 1962 until his death in 2012. They had a son and daughter. Tarmey died on the morning of 9 November 2012 in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain from a heart attack, aged 71.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bill Tarmey GBE
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Tarmey as Jack Duckworth in 2007
- **birth name**: William Piddington
- **birth place**: Manchester, Ardwick, Manchester, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **death place**: Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **years active**: 1968–2012
- **spouse**: Alma Tarmey
 (m. 1962–2012; his death)
- **children**: Carl (1966–2019)
 Sara (born 1970)
Stanley Tucci

**Stanley Oliver Tucci** (born November 11, 1960) is an American actor who is known for his roles in _The Devil Wears Prada_, _Winchell_, _The Lovely Bones_, _The Hunger Games_ and _Conclave_. He has won two Golden Globe Awards and two Emmy Awards.

Tucci was born on November 11, 1960 in Peekskill, New York. He was raised in Katonah, New York. He studied at John Jay High School and at SUNY Purchase. Tucci was married to Kathryn Spath from 1995 until her death in 2009. Then he was married to Felicity Blunt since 2012. He has three children with Spath. He currently lives in London.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Stanley Tucci
- **image**: Stanley Tucci 2017 Berlinale.jpg
- **caption**: Tucci at the 2017 Berlin Film Festival
- **birth place**: Peekskill, New York, U.S.
- **alma mater**: SUNY Purchase
- **spouse**:

- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **children**: 5
- **occupation**: Actor, Writer, Producer, Film director
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **relatives**: Christine Tucci <small>(sister)</small>
Emily Blunt <small>(sister-in-law)</small>
Alfred Hermann Fried

**Alfred Hermann Fried** (November 11, 1864 – May 5, 1921) was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with Tobias Asser) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1911.

Fried was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary on November 11, 1864. Fried left school at the age of 15 and started to work in a bookshop. In 1883 he moved to Berlin, where he opened a bookshop of his own in 1887.

In 1892 he was a co-founder of the German Peace Society (). He was one of the fathers of the idea of a modern organisation to assure worldwide peace (the principal idea was fulfilled in the League of Nations and after the Second World War in the United Nations).

Fried was a prominent member of the Esperanto-movement. In 1903 he published the book __ (_Textbook of the International Language of Esperanto_). In 1911 he received the Nobel Peace Prize together with Tobias Asser. During the First World War he lived in Switzerland. Fried died in Vienna on May 5, 1921, aged 56.

## Other websites

- Alfred Hermann Fried (November 11, 1864 – May 5, 1921) (Archived 2009-10-25)
- Nobel biography
Christian Lous Lange

**Christian Lous Lange** (September 17, 1869 – December 11, 1938) was a Norwegian historian, teacher, and political scientist. He was one of the world's foremost exponents of the theory and practice of internationalism.

Lange was born in Stavanger, Norway on September 17, 1869. His father was a military engineer. He graduated from secondary school in 1887 and later went to travel and study history, English, and French at the University of Oslo in Oslo, Norway. He received the cand. philol. degree in 1893. He taught at secondary schools for many years and eventually returned to the University of Oslo to receive a doctorate.

His support of internationalism was demonstrated by the first of a three volume historical treatise (Histoire de l'internationalisme). The work, published in 1919, was said to contribute to the ideological preparation for the League of Nations. For this and all his other activities, Lange shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Hjalmar Branting in 1921.

Lange died on December 11, 1938 in Oslo, Norway from an illness, aged 69.
Tobias Asser

**Tobias Michael Carel Asser** (April 28, 1838 – July 29, 1913) was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar of Jewish background. In 1911, he was cowinner (with Alfred Hermann Fried) of the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the formation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the first Hague peace conference (1899).

He was the son of Carel Daniel Asser (1813-85), and grandson of Carel Asser (1780-1836). He studied law at the University of Amsterdam and Leiden University and was law professor at the University of Amsterdam. Asser died on July 29, 1913 in The Hague, Netherlands, aged 75.

## References

- Tobias Michael Carel Asser–Biography

## Other websites

- Nobel biography
Hjalmar Branting

**Karl Hjalmar Branting** (23 November 1860 – 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (1907–1925), and Prime Minister during three separate periods (1920, 1921–1923, and 1924–1925). When Branting came to power in 1920, he was the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden. When he took office for a second term after the general election of 1921, he became the first socialist politician in Europe to do so following elections with universal suffrage. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 with Christian Lous Lange.

He was also minister of Finance and Foreign Affairs.

Branting was born on November 23, 1860 in Stockholm, Sweden. He studied at the University of Uppsala. He was married to Anna Branting. Branting died on February 24, 1925 in Stockholm, Sweden from unknown causes, aged 64.

## Other websites

- Nobel Committee information on 1921 Laureates

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **name**: Hjalmar Branting
- **image**: Hjalmar Branting by Goodwin.jpg
- **order**: 16th Prime Minister of Sweden
- **term start1**: 10 March 1920
- **term end1**: 27 October 1920
<small>()</small>
- **monarch1**: Gustaf V of Sweden, Gustaf V
- **predecessor1**: Nils Edén
- **successor1**: Gerhard Louis De Geer
- **term start2**: 13 October 1921
- **term end2**: 19 April 1923
<small>()</small>
- **monarch2**: Gustaf V
- **predecessor2**: Oscar von Sydow
- **successor2**: Ernst Trygger
- **term start3**: 18 October 1924
- **term end3**: 24 January 1925
<small>()</small>
- **monarch3**: Gustaf V
- **predecessor3**: Ernst Trygger
- **successor3**: Rickard Sandler
- **birth place**: Stockholm
- **death place**: Stockholm
- **party**: Swedish Social Democratic Party, Social Democrats
- **spouse**: Anna Branting (née Jäderin)
- **signature**: Hjalmar Branting Signature.svg
Fredrik Bajer

**Fredrik Bajer** (April 21, 1837 – January 22, 1922) was a Danish writer, teacher, and pacifist politician. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908.

Bajer was born on April 21, 1837 in Vester Egede, Denmark. He fought  in the 1864 war against Prussia and Austria where he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. He was discharged in 1865, and moved to Copenhagen where he became a teacher, translator and writer.

He entered the Danish Parliament in 1872 as a member of Folketinget and held a seat there for the following 23 years. As a member of parliament, he worked for the use of international arbitration to solve conflicts among nations, and it is due to Bajer's efforts that foreign relations became part of the work of the Danish Parliament and that Denmark participated in the Inter-Parliamentary Union from the beginning and earned a distinguished position among its members.

He supported many peace organizations, both inside Denmark and Europe-wide. He helped guide the passage of a bill to reach arbitration agreements with Sweden and Norway.

Bajer died on January 22, 1922 in Copenhagen, Denmark from unknown causes, aged 84.

## Other websites

- Nobel Committee information on 1908 laureates
Charles Albert Gobat

**Charles Albert Gobat** (May 21, 1843 – March 16, 1914) was a Swiss lawyer, educational administrator, and politician. He jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize with Élie Ducommun in 1902 for their leadership of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.

Gobat was born on May 21, 1843 at Tramelan, Switzerland. He was the son of a Protestant pastor. He was the nephew of Samuel Gobat, a missionary who became bishop of Jerusalem. He was educated at the University of Basel, University of Heidelberg, University of Bern, and University of Paris. He received his doctorate in law, _summa cum laude_, from the University of Heidelberg in 1867.

In 1902, Gobat jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902 with Élie Ducommun for their leadership of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.

After the death of Élie Ducommun in 1906, Gobat took over the direction of the International Peace Bureau.

Gobat died on March 16, 1914 in Bern, Switzerland from unknown causes, aged 70. He died while attending a meeting of the peace conference at Bern. He stood as if to speak but collapsed, dying about an hour later.

## Other websites

- Nobel Committee Information on 1902 peace prize
- about Charles Albert Gobat
Herzl Museum

The **Herzl Museum** is a biographical museum in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. It is dedicated to Theodor Herzl, the founder of the Zionism movement. It is located at the entrance plaza of the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel.

## Other websites

- Official website
Élie Ducommun

**Élie Ducommun** (19 February 1833 – 7 December 1906) was a Swiss peace activist. He won the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Charles Albert Gobat.

Ducommun was born in Geneva Switzerland on December 19, 1833. Ducommun worked as a tutor, language teacher, journalist and a translator for the Swiss federal Chancellery (1869–1873).

In 1867, he helped to found the  (League for Peace and Liberty), though he continued working at other positions, including secretary for the Jura-Simplon Steel Company from 1873 to 1891. That year, he was appointed director of the newly formed  (International Peace Office), the first non-governmental international peace organization, based in Bern. He refused to accept a salary for the position, stating that he wished to serve in this capacity solely for reasons of idealism.

His keen organizational skills ensured the group's success. He was awarded in the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902 with Charles Albert Gobart. He served as director of the organization until his death.

Ducommun died from respiratory and heart failure on December 7, 1906 in Bern, Switzerland at the age of 73.
Garden of the Missing in Action

The **Garden of the Missing in Action** (, __) is a memorial garden in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. It is in the National Military and Police cemetery of Israel. The garden is dedicated to the missing in action whose bodies were never found from 1914 to today. There is also a temporary monument for the unknown soldiers. It is planned to move this to the National Memorial Hall. The memorial includes names of Jewish and non-Jewish soldiers and officers who have served in the Israeli Army and Israeli Police. The garden was built in 1954 a short time after an ancient Jewish cave was discovered nearby. It became the _Garden of the Missing_ in 2004. The garden includes "empty graves" with a memorial board with all the names of the missing in action next to a memorial plaza.

The Operation Boatswain Memorial is next to the garden.

## Other websites

- Official web site (in Hebrew)
- Stamp commemorating the opening of the Garden of the Missing Soldiers  by the Israel Postal Company
- Israeli Soldiers "Missing in Action"
Leif Garrett

**Leif Garrett** (born **Leif Per Nervik**; November 8, 1961) is an American singer, actor and television personality. He became famous in the late 1970s as a teen idol, but received much publicity in later life for his drug abuse and legal troubles.

Garrett was born on November 8, 1961 in Hollywood, California.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official page at MySpace

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Leif Garrett
- **image**: Leif Garrett 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Garrett in Pico Rivera, California in October 2017
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Leif Per Nervik
- **origin**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **instrument**: Vocals, Guitar
- **occupation**: Actor, singer, television personality
- **genre**: Pop rock, Pop music, pop, disco, power pop, teen pop, soft rock
- **years active**: 1966–present
- **label**: 20th Century Records, 20th Century, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Scotti Brothers, Tongue and Groove, Cleopatra Records, Cleopatra, Golden Lane
Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial in Israel

The **Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial in Israel** (Hebrew: אנדרטת חללי פעולות האיבה, Andartat Halalei Pe'ulot HaEiva) is a memorial to all victims of terrorism in Israel from 1851 onward. The memorial is located at the National Civil Cemetery of the State of Israel in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. The memorial includes the names of Jewish and non-Jewish people who have been killed in acts of terror.

## Other websites

- The Monument for Victims of Hostile Acts: Honor Inscribed In Stone .
Dalton's law

In chemistry and physics, **Dalton's law** states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas would exert (give out) independently. This law was observed by John Dalton in 1801.
Eretz Israel Museum

The **Eretz Israel Museum** is an archeological, historical and anthropological museum in Tel Aviv. It is dedicated to history of Jewish life in the Land of Israel before 1948. The museum has some pavilions and a large archaeological park.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Land of Israel Museum  at ilMuseums.com
Roy E. Disney

**Roy Edward Disney** (January 10, 1930 – December 16, 2009) was an American animator and executive for The Walt Disney Company. He is the nephew of Walt Disney. Disney is the last member of the Disney family. He and Michael Eisner are one of the most well known people in the Disney industry. Disney had about 1.2 million dollars.

Disney was born on January 10, 1930 in Los Angeles, California to Roy O. Disney and to Edna Francis. He was raised in Los Angeles, California and in Chicago, Illinois.

He studied at the Buckley School and at Pomona College. He was married to Patricia Ann Dailey from 1955 until they divorced in 2007. Then he was married to Leslie DeMeuse from 2008 until his death in 2009. He had three children with Dailey.

Disney died on the morning of December 16, 2009 from stomach cancer in Newport Beach, California, aged 79. After his death, his remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered at the Pacific Ocean.

## Other websites

- Roy E Disney
- Interview with Netribution

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Roy E. Disney
Order of St. Gregory the Great, KCSG
- **image**: RoyEDisney07.jpg
- **caption**: Disney on December 11, 2007
- **birth name**: Roy Edward Disney
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Newport Beach, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Stomach cancer
- **resting place**: Ashes scattered into Pacific Ocean
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Buckley School (California), Buckley School
- **alma mater**: Pomona College
- **party**: Republican party (United States), Republican
- **occupation**: Vice Chairman, The Walt Disney Company
Chairman, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Feature Animation
- **years active**: 1954–2009
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 4
- **parents**: Edna (née Francis),
 Roy O. Disney, Roy Oliver Disney
- **relatives**: See Disney family
- **awards**: Annie Award (1993)
 Disney Legend Award (1998)
 Lifetime Achievement Award in Animation (2002)
Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research

The **Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research** (Hebrew: מכון וולקני) is an agricultural research center named after its founder and director Yitzhak Elazari Volcani. The Institute is located in Rishon LeZion, Israel.

## Other websites

- Institute of Agricultural Research  website
Academy of the Hebrew Language

The **Academy of the Hebrew Language** (, _HaAkademya laLashon ha'Ivrit_) is the main institution of the Hebrew language. The academy was started in 1890 as the "Hebrew Language Committee" in Jerusalem. In 1953 it was replaced by the "Academy of the Hebrew Language" that was established in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on the Givat Ram campus.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Academy of the Hebrew Language
- **image**: Academy of the Hebrew Language.JPG
- **size**: 220px
- **caption**: The Academy of the Hebrew Language building in Jerusalem
- **formation**: From 1890 the "**Hebrew Language Committee**" - from 1953 established as the "**Academy of the Hebrew Language**"
- **headquarters**: Jerusalem
- **leader title**: President
The Family Jewels (album)

***The Family Jewels*** is an album released by Marina and the Diamonds on 15 February 2010. It has received mostly positive reviews scoring 68/100 on Metacritic.

It debuted at number five on the UK Albums Chart, selling 27,618 copies in its first week. It also peaked at number 7 in Greece, 9 in Ireland and 20 on the European Top 100 Albums Chart. The album gave Marina three top forty singles in the UK.

## Singles

- "Mowgli's Road" was released as thr lead single on 13 November 2009.
- "Hollywood" was released on 1 February 2010 as the second single. It was the most successful single from the album, peaking at number twelve in the UK and twenty-one in Ireland.
- "I Am Not A Robot" was the third single on 26 April 2010.

**Only in UK and Ireland:**
- "Oh No" was the fourth single released in August 2010.
- "Shampain" was a fifth single released in October 2010.
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities

**Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities** is the supreme institution for sciences and humanities in Israel. Its headquarters are located in Jerusalem.

## Related pages

- Albert Einstein Square (Jerusalem)

## Other websites

- Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
- **image**: AlbertEinsteinStatue-InIsraelAcademyOfSciencesAndHumanities-ByRobertBerks.JPG
- **size**: 220px
- **caption**: Statue of Albert Einstein located in the Academy
- **formation**: 1961
- **headquarters**: Jerusalem
- **leader title**: President
- **website**: [http://www.academy.ac.il/  http://www.academy.ac.il]
Electra Heart (album)

***Electra Heart*** is an album released by Marina and the Diamonds on 27 February 2012. It was met with average reviews, scoring 57/100 on Metacritic.

Marina has released a series of seven videos on YouTube surrounding the release of _Electra Heart_. Part 2, 4, 6 and 7 are music videos to singles released from the album.

The album entered at number one in the United Kingdom (selling 21,358 copies) and Ireland. It also peaked at number 2 on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart, whilst reaching the top twenty in three other countries. It also reached number 31 on the US Billboard 200.

## Singles

- _Radioactive_ was released as a 'teaser' single on 23 September 2011. It reached number 25 in the United Kingdom. The single was later not included in the released version of _Electra Heart_ but is included on the deluxe version.
- _Homewrecker_ was released as a free track for signing up to Marina's mailing list.
- _Primadonna_ was released as the lead single on 20 March 2012. It reached the top 10 in six countries. It gave Marina her most successful single. It reached number eleven in the UK and three in Ireland.
- _How to be a Heartbreaker_ was released as a worldwide single on 16 December 2012. The single is not included in the UK edition of _Electra Heart_.

- _Power & Control_ was released in the UK as a second single in July 2012.
Gentianaceae

**Gentianaceae** are a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species.

Distribution is cosmopolitan. The family consists of trees, shrubs and herbs showing a wide range of colours and floral patterns.

Economically, some species are cultivated ornamental plants and many species yield bitter principles used medicinally and in flavorings.

Many of this group are mycoheterotrophs: their roots need fungi to break down organic material for them to absorb.
Total Drama

***Total Drama*** is a Canadian animated television series. The show first premiered on Cartoon Network on June 12, 2008 and ended on October 9, 2015.

## Characters

- Ezekiel - A boy with a beige complexion with a medium complexion, big gray eyes, short brown hair, a green beige and gray hoodie underneath a white t-shirt, turquoise and blue jeans, white socks, green beige and gray winter boots, and a turquoise and blue woolen hat with a black stripe and a pompom.
- Eva - A girl with a medium beige complexion, a dissatisfied expression, long straight shoulder-length black hair tied in a ponytail with a navy blue elastic band, light brown eyes, a dark blue cotton tank top, dark blue cotton shorts, white cotton knee-high socks with large navy blue and black stripes, and black and white sneakers.

## Episodes

- List of Total Drama episodes
Gatka

**Gatka** is a martial art most commonly practised in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. Though today generally identified with Punjabi Sikhs, it has traditionally been practiced by other ethno-cultural groups in Pakistan such as the Tanolis and Hindkowans.

The word _gatka_ properly refers to the wooden sticks which were originally used for sparring in this sport although now a range of other weapons are also employed.

Gatka can be practiced either as a contact sport (_khel_) or ritual/ceremonial demonstration (_rasmi_).
Maliar

The **Maliars** are an ethnic group, or people, mostly inhabiting the Northern districts of Punjab (Pakistan) and the lower plains of the Hazara Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

The Maliars are by and large an agrarian people and most still work as farm tenants and small peasant farmers. The term or name 'Maliar' itself derived from the Punjabi language word that means 'gardener' and 'cultivator'.

Almost all the Maliars are Muslims.
Michael Eisner

**Michael Dammann Eisner** (born March 7, 1942) is an American executive of The Walt Disney Company from 1984 through 2005.

Eisner was born on March 7, 1942 in Mount Kisco, New York. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Eisner studied at The Lawrenceville School and at Denison University. He has been married to Jane Breckenridge since 1967. They have three children. He now lives in Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites

- Official site MichaelEisner.com
- Eisner Foundation 

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michael Eisner
- **image**: MichaelEisnerOct10.jpg
- **caption**: Eisner in October 2010
- **birth name**: Michael Dammann Eisner
- **birth place**: Mount Kisco, New York, U.S.
- **education**: Denison University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **years active**: 1966–present
- **boards**: The Walt Disney Company
Denison University
The Tornante Company
- **children**: 3, including Breck Eisner, Breck and Eric Eisner (producer), Eric
- **signature**: Michael Dammann Eisner signature.svg