juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anarcho-communism

**Anarcho-communism**, also known as **anarchist communism**, is the belief that hierarchies, money, and social classes should not exist, and that the means of production should be held in common by society. Anarcho-communists support direct democracy and a network of voluntary associations, workers' councils, decentralized economic planning and a gift economy in which everyone will be free to satisfy their needs.

Some well-known anarcho-communist writers are Peter Kropotkin, Ricardo Flores Magón and Nestor Makhno. Anarcho-communism is opposed to the more authoritarian forms of communism advocated by Leninists and Maoists. These groups have violently clashed in Russia, Korea and Spain over their beliefs. Some examples of anarcho-communism in practice include the Makhnovshchina, Shinmin Autonomous Region, and the  Revolutionary Spain.

## References

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Johann Baptist Martinelli

**Johann Baptist Martinelli** (February 8, 1701, Vienna - June 21, 1754, Vienna) was an Austrian architect and constructor of Italian descent.

## Overview

He was the son of architect Franz Martinelli. In cooperation with his brother Anton Erhard Martinelli, he designed the plans of several baroque church in the Habsburg empire, among which  the church in Grossweikersdorf and the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Blaj. He also designed several mansions among which the one in Dolná Krupá.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Johann Baptist Martinelli
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **occupation**: architect
Agorism

**Agorism** is a free-market anarchist political philosophy founded by Samuel Edward Konkin III that has the ultimate goal of bringing about a society in which all "relations between people are voluntary exchanges– a free market." The term comes from the Greek word "agora," referring to an open place for assembly and market in ancient Greek city-states. Agorist theory divides people into two classes: people who make their living through the market, and people who make their living by coercing others (called the "economic class" and "political class", respectively). They support a nonviolent overthrow of the second class by the first, through peaceful black market and grey market activity, known as counter-economics.
Anton Pius Riegel

**Anton Pius Riegel** (1789-?) was an Austrian architect of the 19th century. He is known for his design of the György Károlyi palace in Budapest Hungary (now housing the Hungarian Museum of Literature) and the mansion of Dolná Krupá in Slovakia.

## References

- Museum of Literature http://www.pim.hu/object.EDA790EA-DFC5-4869-B8E6-B6814B65E9DE.ivy
- Jana Šulcová - Drei Kapitel aus der Baugeschichte des Schlosses Dolná Krupá http://www.dejum.sav.sk/RES/krupa.htm
Hesperomannia arbuscula

The **Maui Hesperomannia** (***Hesperomannia arbuscula***) is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family.
It is found only in the United States.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical wet low lying land forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland (an area with mostly bushes and few trees).
It is in danger due to the loss of its natural area of habitat.

## Source

- Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003.  Hesperomannia arbuscula .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 20 July 2007.
Eureka Tower

**Eureka Tower** is a 297.3 metre (975 foot) tall skyscraper in Melbourne, Australia and is the tallest building in Australia when measured to its roof. Q1, on the Gold Coast, Queensland is the tallest building in Australia because it has a spire that makes its total height 322.5 metres. Eureka Tower has 91 storeys and one floor underground.

Construction of the tower started in 2002 and opened on 11 October 2006. Grocon did the construction.

The top 10 floors of the building have windows coated in gold plating and golden toilets. The viewing deck on floor 88 is the tallest public observation deck in the Southern Hemisphere. It is 285 metres (935 feet) above the ground and people have a large view of the city of Melbourne.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Emporis Page
Tay Zonday

**Adam Nyerere Bahner** (born May 21, 1982), often called by the pseudonym **Tay Zonday**, is an American keyboardist. His song "Chocolate Rain", and its YouTube video, became a popular Internet meme in July 2007. He has won YouTube Awards and Webby Awards.

## Other websites

- Tay Zonday's website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tay Zonday
- **img**: Tay Zonday.jpg
- **img capt**: Tay Zonday
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Adam Nyerere Bahner
- **origin**: Minneapolis, Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, US
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals
Electronic, Keyboard
- **genre**: Outsider Music
 Synthpop
R&B
Spoken Word
Experimental Music
- **occupation**: Student
- **years active**: 2007—present
- **url**: [http://www.tayzonday.com www.tayzonday.com]
Antoine Dufour

**Antoine Dufour** is a French-Canadian guitarist. Dufour is famous for his fingerstyle guitar playing. Until now Dufour has made 3 studio albums, _Naissance_, _Development_ and _Existence_. He has a strong fanbase because of his YouTube videos.

## Biography

Dufour started playing guitar at the age of fifteen. Later he studied at the CEGEP, where he first listened to fingerstyle music. 2005 he became second and 2006 first place in the Canadian Guitar Festival's Fingerstyle Guitar Championship. Also he became third in the International Finger Style Guitar Championship in Winfield, Kansas.

Dufour also works as a guitar tutor, giving lessons through Skype.

### Studio albums

- _Naissance_ (2004)
- _Development_ (2006)
- _Existence_ (2008)

### DVDs

- _Antoine Dufour / Andy McKee_ Split DVD (2007)

## Other websites

- Antoine Dufour Official Website
- Antoine Dufour at Candyrat Records
- Interview with Antoine Dufour at www.instrumentalcase.com
- Antoine Dufour: The Transcription Collection

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Antoine Dufour
- **img**: Antoine Dufour Live.JPG
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth date**: 1979
- **birth place**: L'Épiphanie, Quebec, Canada
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **genre**: Folk music, Folk, fingerstyle, fingerstyle acoustic, instrumental
- **occupation**: Guitarist
- **years active**: 2004–now
- **label**: CandyRat Records
- **url**: [http://www.myspace.com/antoinedufour/ www.myspace.com/antoinedufour]
Vheissu

***Vheissu*** is an album by experimental band Thrice. It was released in 2005. The album introduced a new sound to the band's post-hardcore roots. It also used many new elements from music boxes to chain gangs and has much softer, dreamy songs such as "Atlantic"

The songs on _Vheissu_ use many biblical themes but Thrice does not think of themselves as a Christian band. Some of the statements from the album which are clearly from the bible include:

- _There's no greater love, then that one shed his blood for his friends_ - from "For Miles"
- _We were all lost, and now we're found_ - from "Image of the Invisible"
- _Once again the bread and wine_ - from "From Moths to Flame"

The album artwork was created by author Dave Eggers and artist Brian McMullen. It includes pictures of various things and quotes lyrics from different Thrice songs found on the album.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Vheissu
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Thrice
- **released**: October 18, 2005
- **recorded**: April - June 2005
- **studio**: BearTracks Studios, BearTracks, Suffern, New York
- **genre**: Experimental rock, post-hardcore
- **length**: 49:20
- **label**: Island Records, Island
- **producer**: Steve Osborne
- **prev title**: The Artist in the Ambulance
- **prev year**: 2003
The Artist in the Ambulance

***The Artist in the Ambulance*** is the third album by the post-hardcore band Thrice. It was released on July 22 2003.

Like previous Thrice albums, some of the money made from selling _The Artist in the Ambulance_ was given to a charity. The album's booklet features individual cards that have lyrics from Thrice songs, notes, photographs and comments from the band members and the producer.

"Stare at the Sun" is a main single from the album.

## Songs

1. "Cold Cash and Colder Hearts" – 2:52
1. "Under a Killing Moon" – 2:41
1. "All That's Left" – 3:20 (also featured in _Madden 2004_)
1. "Silhouette" – 3:06
1. "Stare at the Sun" – 3:23 (also featured in SSX 3)
1. "Paper Tigers" – 3:59
1. "Hoods on Peregrine" – 3:31
1. "The Melting Point of Wax" – 3:29
1. "Blood Clots and Black Holes" – 2:49
1. "The Artist in the Ambulance" – 3:39
1. "The Abolition of Man" – 2:46 (The Abolition of Man is a 1943 book by C. S. Lewis)
1. "Don't Tell and We Won't Ask" – 3:59
1. "Eclipse" – 3:21
1. "Motion Isn't Meaning" - 1:53

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Artist in the Ambulance
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Thrice
- **border**: yes
- **released**: July 22, 2003
- **recorded**: March–April 2003
- **length**: 39:43
- **label**: Island Records, Island
- **producer**: Brian McTernan
- **prev title**: The Illusion of Safety (Thrice album), The Illusion of Safety
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: If We Could Only See Us Now
- **next year**: 2005
Chuck Palumbo

**Charles Ronald "Chuck" Palumbo** (born June 15, 1971) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWE). Palumbo is a former WCW and WWF/E World Tag Team Champion. He hosted the Discovery Channel series _Lords of the Car Hoards_ and _Rusted Development_.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Herts and Essex Wrestling**
    - HEW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Tag Team of the Year (2002) – with Billy
    - PWI ranked him No. 37 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2002
- **Toryumon**
    - Yamaha Cup (2006) – with Johnny Stamboli
- **World Championship Wrestling**
    - WCW World Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Shawn Stasiak (3) and Sean O'Haire (1)
- **World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - WWF/E Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Billy

## Other websites

- ChuckPalumbo.com (Official Website)
- WWE Profile
- Online World of Wrestling Profile
- Chuck Palumbo at WrestlingRevealed.com

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Chuck Palumbo
- **names**: Chuck
Chuck Palumbo
The Dude
- **image**: Chuck Palumbo 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Palumbo in 2015
- **birth name**: Charles Ronald Palumbo
- **height**: 6 ft 7 in
- **weight**: 280 lb
- **birth place**: West Warwick, Rhode Island, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Central Missouri
- **children**: 1
- **billed**: Providence, Rhode Island
San Diego, California
- **trainer**: Paul Orndorff
WCW Power Plant
- **debut**: June 28, 2001
- **retired**: November 7, 2008
Vincent J. McMahon

**Vincent James McMahon** (better known as **Vince McMahon, Sr.**, (July 6, 1914 – May 24, 1984) was a U.S. professional wrestling promoter. He is best known for founding the American promotion, Capitol Wrestling Corporation (now known as WWE), of which his son, Vincent Kennedy McMahon, was the Chairman of the Board of Directors from 1980 to 2024.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Vincent James McMahon
- **names**: Vince McMahon, Sr.
- **image**: Vincent James McMahon - Wrestling News - Aug-sept 1975 (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Harlem, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: North Miami, Florida
- **debut**: 1952
- **retired**: 1982
René Adler

**René Adler** (born January 15, 1985 in Leipzig)  is a German footballer. He plays on the position of a goalkeeper for Bayer Leverkusen. Leverkusen is a city in Germany. The club Bayer Leverkusen plays in the Bundesliga, the first football league in Germany.

On October 11, 2008, Adler made his first match in the German national team against Russia (2-1).

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: René Adler
- **image**: René Adler, Germany national football team (01).jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Adler with Germany national football team, Germany in 2011.
- **birth place**: Leipzig, East Germany
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **currentclub**: Hamburger SV
- **clubnumber**: 15
- **youthyears1**: 1991–2000
- **youthclubs1**: VfB Leipzig
- **youthyears2**: 2000–2003
- **youthclubs2**: Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Leverkusen
- **years1**: 2002–2006
- **clubs1**: Bayer Leverkusen II
- **caps1**: 30
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2006–2012
- **clubs2**: Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Leverkusen
- **caps2**: 138
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2012–
- **clubs3**: Hamburger SV
- **caps3**: 4
- **goals3**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2001–2002
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national under-17 football team, Germany U-17
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2002–2003
- **nationalteam2**: Germany national under-18 football team, Germany U-18
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2005
- **nationalteam3**: Germany national under-21 football team, Germany U-21
- **nationalcaps3**: 4
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **nationalyears4**: 2008–
- **nationalteam4**: Germany national football team, Germany
- **nationalcaps4**: 10
- **nationalgoals4**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 13:30, 22 September 2012 (UTC)
- **ntupdate**: 19:30, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
Kreator

**Kreator** is a German thrash metal band from Essen. They formed in 1982 as _Tormentor_ and are counted to the big three German thrash metal bands together with Sodom and Destruction.

## Discography

- _Endless Pain_ (1985)
- _Pleasure to Kill_ (1986)
- _Terrible Certainty_ (1987)
- _Extreme Aggression_ (1989)
- _Coma of Souls_ (1990)
- _Renewal_ (1992)
- _Cause for Conflict_ (1995)
- _Outcast_ (1997)
- _Endorama_ (1999)
- _Violent Revolution_ (2001)
- _Enemy of God_ (2005)
- _Hordes of Chaos_ (2009)
- _Phantom Antichrist_ (2012)
- _Gods of Violence_ (2017)
- _Hate Über Alles_ (2022)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official MySpace page
- Artist page at Allmusic
- Sinister Online interview with Mille Petrozza

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kreator
- **img**: Kreator – Elbriot 2015 04.jpg
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Essen, Germany
- **genre**: Thrash metal
- **years active**: 1982-present
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic, SPV GmbH, Steamhammer, Drakkar Records, Drakkar, G.U.N. Records, G.U.N., Noise Records (Germany), Noise
- **associated acts**: Sodom (band), Sodom, Mystic (band), Mystic, Coroner (band), Coroner, Whiplash (band), Whiplash, Massacre (band), Massacre, Turbo (Polish band), Turbo
- **url**: [http://www.kreator-terrorzone.de/ Official site]
- **current members**: Mille Petrozza, Miland 'Mille' Petrozza
Jürgen Reil, Jürgen 'Ventor' Reil
Christian Giesler, Christian 'Speesy' Giesler
Sami Yli-Sirniö
- **past members**: Michael Wulf
Jörg "Tritze" Trzebiatowski
Frank "Blackfire" Gosdzik
Tommy Vetterli
Roberto "Rob" Fioretti
Andreas Herz
Joe Cangelosi
Gojira

**Gojira** is a progressive death metal/groove metal band from Bayonne, France. They formed in 1996 and were called _Godzilla_ until 2001. Gojira is known for its lyrics about the environment, which is very unusual for a death metal band.

### Studio albums

- 2001: _Terra Incognita_
- 2003: _The Link_
- 2005: _From Mars to Sirius_
- 2008: _The Way of All Flesh_
- 2012: _L'Enfant Sauvage_
- 2016: _Magma_
- 2021: _Fortitude_

### Demos

- 1996: _Victim_
- 1997: _Possessed_
- 1999: _Saturate_
- 2000: _Wisdom Comes_

### Live albums

- 2004: _The Link Alive_ (CD/DVD)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Gojira at MySpace

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gojira
- **img**: Metal band Gojira live at Tuska (Finland) 2006.jpg
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Godzilla
- **origin**: Bayonne, France
- **genre**: Death metal
Thrash metal
Progressive metal
Groove metal
(#Musical style and lyrical themes, see below)
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **label**: Prosthetic Records, Prosthetic (worldwide)
Listenable Records, Listenable (France)
- **associated acts**: Cavalera Conspiracy, Empalot
- **url**: [http://www.gojira-music.com www.gojira-music.com]
- **current members**: Joe Duplantier
Mario Duplantier
Christian Andreu
Jean-Michel Labadie
Colin Barnett

**Colin James Barnett** (born 15 July 1950) was the 29th Premier of Western Australia. He was Premier from 23 September 2008 until 17 March 2017. He is from the Liberal Party.
Nathan Rees

**Nathan Rees** (born 12 February 1968) was the 41st Premier of New South Wales. He was premier from 5 September 2008 until 4 December 2009. He is from the Labor Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nathan Rees
- **image**: Nathan Rees.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Nathan Rees
- **order**: 41st
- **office**: Premier of New South Wales
- **term start**: 5 September 2008
- **term end**: 4 December 2009
- **predecessor**: Morris Iemma
- **successor**: Kristina Keneally
- **constituency**: Toongabbie
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
Mike Rann

**Michael David Rann** (born 5 January 1953) was the 44th Premier of South Australia. He was premier from 5 March 2002 until 21 October 2011. He is from the Labor Party. He is how Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Hon.
- **name**: Michael David Rann
- **image**: Mike Rann (smiling).jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Mike Rann
- **order**: 44th
- **office**: Premier of South Australia
- **term start**: 5 March 2002
- **term end**: 21 October 2011
- **predecessor**: Robert Kerin
- **successor**: Jay Weatherill
- **birth date**: 5 January 1953
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
David Bartlett

**David John Bartlett** (born 19 January 1968) was the 43rd Premier of Tasmania. He became premier on 26 May 2008. He is from the Labor Party.

Bartlett resigned, for family reasons on 24 January 2011, and was replaced as premier by Lara Giddings. She is also the Treasurer and Minister of the Arts.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David John Bartlett
- **image**: DavidBartlettW1.JPG
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: David Bartlett
- **order**: 43rd
- **office**: Premier of Tasmania
- **term start**: 26 May 2008
- **term end**: 24 January 2011
- **predecessor**: Paul Lennon
- **successor**: Lara Giddings
- **constituency**: Denison
- **birth date**: 19 January 1968
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
John Brumby

**John Mansfield Brumby**  (born 21 April 1953) was the 45th Premier of Victoria. He became Premier on 30 July 2007. He is from the Labor Party. After being defeated in the 2010 elections, Brumby was replaced as Premier by Ted Baillieu on 1 December 2010.

## Early life

Brumby was born in Melbourne and educated at Ivanhoe Grammar School and Melbourne Grammar School.
Brumby went to the University of Melbourne in 1971 and completed a Bachelor of Commerce degree. He then got his Diploma of Education from the State College of Victoria, Rusden, in 1975. He worked at Eaglehawk, Victoria, as a teacher for three years and then became a union official.

## Politics

Brumby was an elected to the Parliament of Australia in 1983 and represented the electorate of Bendigo. he lost the seat in the 1990 election. He was elected to the upper house, the Legislative Council, of the Parliament of Victoria in 1993. When the leader of the Labor Party, Jim Kennan, resigned from Parliament, Brumby was became the new leader. He had to resign from the upper house as leaders have to be members of the lower house, the Legislative Council. He won an election for Jim Kennan's seat of Broadmeadows, Victoria. He was the Leader of the Opposition in Victoria for six years. Julia Gillard, the current Prime Minister of Australia, worked as his Chief of Staff. The Labor Party did not win as many votes in the 1996 election and lost two seats. Over the next few years the party did not think Brumby would be able to lead them to a win in the next election. Brumby was replaced as leader by Steve Bracks in March, 1999. Bracks led the Labor Party and won an election in September 1999. Brumby became the Minister for Finance in the new government, and a year later was made the Treasurer (in charge of all government spending).

Bracks resigned as Premier in July 2007, and the Labor Party elected Brumby as their new leader. This made him the Premier of Victoria. In November 2010 the Labor Party was defeated in the election with a 5.3% swing of votes to the Liberal and National Parties. Brumby resigned as the leader of the Labor Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Mansfield Brumby
- **image**: JohnBrumby2007crop.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: John Brumby
- **order**: 45th
- **office**: Premier of Victoria
- **term start**: 30 July 2007
- **term end**: 1 December 2010
- **predecessor**: Steve Bracks
- **successor**: Ted Baillieu
- **birth date**: 21 April 1953
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
- **occupation**: Teacher, union official
Quentin Bryce

**Dame Quentin Alice Louise Bryce**  (née **Strachan**; born 23 December 1942) was the 25th Governor-General of Australia, from September 2008 to March 2014. She was the first woman to be the Governor-General. Before this she was the Governor of Queensland and she used to be a lawyer.

For her community works she was created a Dame of Grace of the Order of St John in 2003. If she were not already a Dame, she would have become a Dame of Justice when she became Prior of the Australian Priory of the Order of St John.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Dame Quentin Bryce
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Australia, AD Royal Victorian Order, CVO
- **image**: Quentin Bryce No.1 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 25th Governor-General of Australia
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister**: Kevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Tony Abbott
- **term start**: 5 September 2008
- **term end**: 28 March 2014
- **predecessor**: Michael Jeffery
- **successor**: Peter Cosgrove, Sir Peter Cosgrove
- **office1**: 24th Governor of Queensland
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **premier1**: Peter Beattie
Anna Bligh
- **term start1**: 29 July 2003
- **term end1**: 29 July 2008
- **predecessor1**: Peter Arnison
- **successor1**: Penelope Wensley
- **birthname**: Quentin Alice Louise Strachan
- **birth place**: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- **spouse**: Michael Bryce
- **children**: 5
- **alma mater**: University of Queensland
Blue baby syndrome

**Blue-baby syndrome,** or **blue baby** is usually caused by a heart defect which laymen often call "a hole in the heart". The foramen ovale is an aperture between the walls of the right and left atrium in the fetus that allows the blood too cross the atria and help in bypass pulmonary blood circulation.

## Overview

In normal cases, this aperture closes in the babies after birth. However, in the case of an abnormality, this aperture does not close, resulting in the bypass to continue, which is not needed after the baby starts breathing on its own.

Normally, oxygenated blood from the lungs is separated from deoxygenated blood from other tissues. Because of the defect in the heart ventricular-atrial wall, deoxygenated blood sometimes mixes with the blood from the lungs. The resulting blood going through the aorta has less oxygen than usual. The baby then looks blue.

## Treatment

An operation is usually done to close the aperture resulting in a normal flow of the blood. There are several heart defects which produce this syndrome. There are also some causes which are not related to heart conditions.

### History

On November 29, 1944, the first successful operation for the heart condition was done at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 1976, the university awarded the surgeon an honorary doctorate.
Kings of Leon

**Kings of Leon** are a rock band from Oklahoma, USA. Their members are all related, three brothers and their cousin. They have released 6 albums. Their sixth album, _Mechanical Bull_, was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards.

## Discography

- _Youth & Young Manhood_ (2003)
- _Aha Shake Heartbreak_ (2004)
- _Because of the Times_ (2007)
- _Only by the Night_ (2008)
- _Come Around Sundown_ (2010)
- _Mechanical Bull_ (2013)
- _Walls_ (2016)
- _When You See Yourself_ (2021)
- _Can We Please Have Fun_ (2024)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kings of Leon
- **img**: Kings of leon.JPG
- **img capt**: Kings of Leon in concert at Festival Internacional de Benicàssim. From left to right, Matthew, Caleb and Nathan.
- **img size**: 560
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Albion, Oklahoma, United States
- **genre**: Southern rock, alternative rock, garage rock revival
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **label**: Sony Music, RCA Records, RCA, Columbia Records, Columbia, Island Records, Island
- **current members**: Caleb Followill
Nathan Followill
Jared Followill
Matthew Followill
Saria

The name **Saria** can mean a number of things:
- Saria Island, an island in Greece
- Saria, a character from the video game The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time
- Saria, Burkina Faso
Plaster

**Plaster** is a material similar to mortar and cement. Plaster of Paris is one kind, made from gypsum by heating it. It is used to make copies of footprints, fossils, skeletons, and to set fractured bones. Other kinds of plaster are used for buildings and other purposes. Decorative plaster is more usually called stucco.

## Related pages

- Orthopedic cast
Minaret

A **minaret** is  a tower. Many mosques have minarets. Muezzins to call Muslims to prayers from minarets five times a day.
Omi (title)

**Omi** was a very old Japanese title of both someone's rank and their political rank it was only allowed for use by the most powerful clans during the Yamato time of Japanese history. The title Omi, was given to a man's son when the father died.
Mining feasibility study

A **mining feasibility study** is normally done before to a mining company buying land and is done to lower the risk of failure and reduce losing money for a mining company.
Free market

A **free market** is an economic system. In this system prices for goods and services are determined by the laws of supply and demand. No other forces act on the market. One example of a party that influences the market is the government. It could fix the price  or it could set a minimum or maximum price. Another is that there may be a monopoly for certain goods. . A free market contrasts with a regulated market. People who support a free market usually are in favor of highly competitive markets and private ownership.

Free markets are commonly seen as a feature of capitalism. A market economy also has a free market.

When there is perfect competition, no single market player can influence the price. This means that the law of supply and demand will play in full. It also means that at the market price, the maximum number of items will be sold. If the price is higher, then some sellers will not sell, because the price is too high. There will be a surplus. If the price is lower, people would like to buy omre goods than there are; this is called a shortage. The law of supply and demand will therefore pull the price towards the market price.This is called economic equilibrium. At these equilibrium prices, the market distributes the products to the purchasers according to each purchaser's preference or utility for each product and within the relative limits of each buyer's purchasing power. This result is described as market efficiency, or more specifically a Pareto optimum.
Quba Mosque

**Quba Mosque** is a mosque in Medina. It is the oldest mosque in the world. When Muhammad and his friends were coming to Medina, they stopped over in Kuba. Muhammad started to build the mosque after his friend helped him.  Umar II added a minaret and enlarged the mosque. Suleiman the Magnificent destroyed the mosque and rebuilt it.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **image**: Quba Mosque Full Picture (2024).jpg
- **caption**: The Quba Mosque
- **building name**: Quba Mosque
- **location**: Medina, Saudi Arabia
- **religious affiliation**: Islam
- **region**: Hejaz
- **province**: Medina
- **architecture type**: Mosque
- **year completed**: 622
- **dome quantity**: 6
- **minaret quantity**: 4
Alan Carpenter

**Alan John Carpenter** (born 4 January 1957) was the 28th Premier of Western Australia from 26 January 2006 to 23 September 2008. He is from the Labor Party. He is still in the Western Australian parliament.
Geoff Gallop

Professor **Geoffrey Ian Gallop** (born 27 September 1951) was the 27th Premier of Western Australia from 16 February 2001 to 25 January 2006. He was from the Labor Party.
Christian Heinrich Nebbien

**Christian Heinrich Nebbien**, sometimes referred to as **Heinrich Nebbien** or **Henrik Nebbien**, (September 22, 1778 in Lübeck - December 2, 1841 in Glogau) was a German landscaping architect.

His most important project was the Városliget park at the end of Andrássy ut in Budapest (1817).

Other projects for which he is known are:

- the park of the Betliar mansion in Slovakia (1783-1795)
- the park of the Dolná Krupá mansion in Slovakia (1813-1819);
- The park in Martonvásár, Hungary.

He also wrote a book on the methods of increasing agricultural output, published in Prague in 1835.

## Works

- Wie vielmal wohlfeiler kann der Landwirth produziren? Und: Wie vielmal größer kann der Ertrag des Bodens werden? -  Prag, J. G. Calve, 1835.

## References

- Rosengräfin Marie Henriette Gräfin Chotek (24.11.1863 - 13.2.1946) http://www.welt-der-rosen.de/personen/rosengraefin_graefin_chotek.html
- Jana Šulcová - Drei Kapitel aus der Baugeschichte des Schlosses Dolná Krupá http://www.dejum.sav.sk/RES/krupa.htm
- Prírodný park kaštieľa Betliar http://www.snm.sk/?lang=svk§ion=sidl&org=8&id=41
- Örsi Károly - Történeti kertek A magyar kertépítészet legszebb alkotásai http://www.okotaj.hu/szamok/02/korny1.html
- Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein und Lübeck http://www.shlb.de/
- Neue Deutsche Biographie. Band 19 http://www.ndb.badw-muenchen.de/ndb19_artikel.htm
- A Városliget Színházai http://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02065/html/2kotet/34.html
- Magyar Erzsébet - Kertek, parkok Buda-Pest társaséletében a 19. században http://www.bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/46/magyar.html
- Mittel-Transdanubien http://www.utikonyv.hu/0-release-2/objektum.php?id=258&nyelv=3&sablon=370
- Magyar kertművészet az újkorban http://epa.oszk.hu/00900/00979/00022/sz02szasz.htm
- Nebbien Henrik (19. sz.) - Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1000-1990 http://mek.oszk.hu/00300/00355/html/ABC10888/11143.htm
Krompachy

**Krompachy** (German: **Krompach**, Hungarian: **Korompa**) is a town in Slovakia, located on the valley of the Hornád River. Until the end of the 20th century it was a centre of mining and metallurgy, particularly iron and copper. It is now an alpine resort, close to the Plejsy ski center.
Kingfisher

**Kingfishers** are small birds of the order Coraciiformes. There are about 90 species, mostly in the Old World and Australasia, Most species are tropical in distribution.

Their feathers are often bright colours, such as blue or orange. They have large heads, long, sharp bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Most species have bright plumage with little differences between the sexes. Most are found only in forests. They eat a wide range of prey, including fish. They usually catch prey by swooping down from a perch. Many live near rivers and eat fish, but most species live away from water and eat small invertebrates. Like other birds  of their order they nest in holes, usually tunnels dug into the natural or artificial banks in the ground. A quarter of all kingfishers nest in disused termite nests.

## Classification

Based on sequence analysis, the 90 or so species of kingfishers are now divided into three families:
- River kingfishers (Alcedinidae)
- Tree kingfishers (Halcyonidae )
- Water kingfishers (Cerylidae)

## Habitat

Kingfishers are found all over the world. They often make their nests near rivers where the water flows slowly. They make their nests in tall river banks. They dig a hole in the side of the river bank. Most kingfishers lay 3–6 eggs each time.

Many kingfishers eat fish. They sit on branches hanging over the river's edge and wait for a fish to appear. They then dive into the water to catch the fish. Some kingfishers eat lizards or other reptiles. Kookaburras do this.

## History

Most species are in the Australasian region, but the family did not originate there. They evolved in the Northern Hemisphere and invaded the Australasian region a number of times. Fossil kingfishers have been described from Lower Eocene rocks in Wyoming 50 million years ago (mya) and in Germany, around 30-40 million years ago. More recent fossil kingfishers have been described in the Miocene/Pliocene rocks of Australia (5-25 mya).

## Conservation

Kingfishers are easily harmed if there is a lot of snow and cold weather in winter. They can also die if humans cause a lot of water pollution or if the places where Kingfishers live are destroyed. Some kingfishers are endangered species.
São José dos Pinhais

**São José dos Pinhais** is a Brazilian city, the second largest in the Greater Curitiba, in southern state of Paraná. In 2008 the population was more than 280.000 inhabitants.

The city is on a plateau 906 meters above sea level, and an area of 945,717 km². Is just 7 km away from the capital, Curitiba.

It is the third largest automotive pole of Brazil, housing assembly of Volkswagen, Audi, Nissan and Renault. The city is also home of the Afonso Pena International Airport, the main airport in southern Brazil.
Richard G. Hovannisian

**Richard Gable Hovannisian** (; November 9, 1932 – July 10, 2023) was an American historian. He was born in Tulare, California.

He received his M.A.(1958) degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and his Ph.D.(1966) from University of California, Los Angeles. He was also Associate Professor of History at Mount St. Mary's College, Los Angeles, from 1966 to 1969. In 1987, Professor Hovannisian was appointed as the first holder of the Armenian Educational Foundation Endowed Chair in Modern Armenian History at the UCLA. His biographical entries are included in Who's Who in America and Who's Who in the World among other scholarly and literary reference works.

Hovannisian died in Los Angeles, California on July 10, 2023 at the age of 90.

## Books

- The Republic of Armenia, Volume 1 (1971) and Volume II (1982), Vols. III & IV (1996) U.C. Press
- The Armenian Holocaust, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Armenian Heritage Press (1980)
- The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, 2 vols. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997
- Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998
- Armenian Sebastia/Sivas and Lesser Armenia (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2004)

## Other websites

- Full bibliography
Armenian question

The term "**Armenian Question**" refers to powers of Europe's involvement to the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. However, in specific terms, the Armenian question refers to the protection and the freedoms of Armenians from their neighboring communities.

The "Armenian Question", like the "Eastern Question", remained a factor (issue) in international politics, first with Great Britain and Germany; then Russia taking on the role of Ottoman Armenians protector.
Annihilation

**Annihilation** is the name given in physics to the process that occurs when a particle and its antiparticle equivalent collide. The collision between these two particles releases energy. Two types of this include the annihilation of electrons and positrons (the antiparticle for electrons), and the annihilation of protons and antiprotons.

The word has other meanings.
South Asian river dolphin

The **South Asian river dolphin** (_Platanista gangetica_) is a freshwater or river dolphin found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan.

It is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin (_P. g. gangetica_) and Indus river dolphin (_P. g. minor_).

From the 1970s until 1998, they were regarded as separate species; however, in 1998, their classification was changed from two separate species to subspecies of a single species. The idea was to wait until genetic analysis had decided how best to classify them.
Phone Booth (movie)

***Phone Booth*** is a 2003 American movie about a man trapped in a telephone booth by a sniper. It stars Colin Farrell and Kiefer Sutherland and was directed by Joel Schumacher. It is set in New York City. It was originally to be released in 2002 but was delayed because of the Beltway sniper attacks.
Beltway sniper attacks

The **Beltway Sniper attacks** were a series of sniper attacks on civilians over three weeks in October 2002 in the Mid-Atlantic United States. The shootings all took place in the Maryland and Virginia area, mainly in and around Washington, D.C. The shootings were carried out by American John Allen Muhammad (1960-2009) and Jamaican Lee Boyd Malvo (born 1985).
Ulmus wallichiana

The **Himalayan Elm** (_Ulmus wallichiana_) Planch., also known as the **Kashmir Elm**, found in Kashmir.
Central Karakoram National Park

**Central Karakoram National Park** or **Karakoram National Park** is a National Park in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
Chitral National Park

**Chitral National Park** is one of the national parks of Pakistan. It is located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan at the side of Chitral River, just at a distance of two hours drive from the Chitral city.  The word, Gol in local language means ' the valley'. This park has many valleys thereby the name, Chitral Gol National Park.

## Wildlife

This park has three valleys. There are several galciers in the park . The park has cedar trees and endangered wild goat species Markhor. The snow leopard is sometimes seen there. The Tibetan wold, red fox, are also found in the park. Common birds are the bearded vulture, golden eagle, demoiselle crane, peregrine falcon,  snow partridge and rock partridge.

## Related pages

- Chitral District
Richard Court

**Richard Fairfax Court** (born 27 September 1947) was the 26th Premier of Western Australia from 16 February 1993 to 16 February 2001. He was from the Liberal Party. His father, Charles Court, was also a Premier of Western Australia.
Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park

**Hazarganji Chiltan National Park** is a park in the Quetta District on the west side of Balochistan Province. It is in western Pakistan.
Hingol National Park

**Hingol National Park** or Hungol National Park () covers about . and is the largest of the National Parks of Pakistan and lies on the Makran coast in Balochistan approximately  from Karachi.

The area was declared a reserve in 1988.

The Hingol River runs though the park.
Khunjerab National Park

**Khunjerab National Park** is a National park in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is one of the highest altitude parks in the world.
Kirthar National Park

**Kirthar National Park** is in Kirthar Mountains range. It is second biggest National Parks of Pakistan, the Hingol National Park being the biggest. It is also the first National Park from Pakistan to be included in the 1975 United Nation's list of National Parks around the world.
Lehri Nature Park

**Lehri Nature Park** is in Jhelum District, northern Punjab, Pakistan.
Carmen Lawrence

Dr **Carmen Mary Lawrence** (born 2 March 1948) was the 25th Premier of Western Australia from 12 February 1990 to 16 February 1993. She was from the Labor Party. She became Premier after Peter Dowding resigned. She was the first woman to become Premier of an Australian state and she is Western Australia's only woman Premier. After she was Premier she became of member of the Australian parliament. She served as federal Health Minister from 1994 to 1996, under Paul Keating.
Machiara National Park

**Machiara National Park** is a national park in Pakistan. It is one of three globally important national parks chosen for a Global Environment Facility sponsored project. The goal of the project is to create management models showing good natural resource conservation.
Margala Hills National Park

The **Margalla Hills National Park** is in Northern Pakistan. It is at the foothills of the Himalayas, north of Islamabad.
Cholistan desert

**Cholistan Desert** (, also locally known as Rohi) sprawls thirty kilometers from Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan and covers an area of . It is next to the Thar Desert extending over to Sindh and into the Republic of India.
Peter Dowding

**Peter M'Callum Dowding** SC (born 6 October 1943) was the 24th Premier of Western Australia from 25 February 1988 to 12 February 1990. He was from the Labor Party. He became Premier when Brian Burke resigned. He had a difficult time as Premier because some people in his government broke the law. He is now a lawyer. He got a Centenary Medal in 2001.

## Infobox (_president)

- **name**: Peter Dowding
- **nationality**: Australian
- **order**: 24th Premier of Western Australia
- **term start**: 25 February 1988
- **term end**: 12 February 1990
- **predecessor**: Brian Burke
- **successor**: Carmen Lawrence
- **birth place**: Melbourne
- **constituency**: North Province (Western Australia), North Province
Electoral district of Maylands, Maylands
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
- **profession**: Barrister
Indus Valley Desert

The **Indus Valley Desert** is a desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan. The Indus Valley desert covers an area of 19,500 square kilometers (7,500 square miles) in northwestern Punjab Province, lying between the Chenab River and Indus rivers. The Indus Valley Desert is drier and less hospitable than the Northwestern thorn scrub forests that surround it.
Kharan desert

**Kharan Desert** () is a desert in Kharan District, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Thal desert

The **Thal desert** is in Punjab, Pakistan. It is a large area mainly between the Jhelum River and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. It has little vegetation — mostly thorny bushes — over a breadth of 70 miles. In Thal the people are very poor because the whole land is arid and depends upon the weather conditions. They cultivate grains only. It is the most illiterate area in Punjab Province.

Noor Pur Thal has ten Union councils.
Flag of Texas

The **Texas state flag** is known as the **"Lone Star Flag"**. This flag was introduced to the Republic of Texas on December 28, 1838, by Senator William H. Wharton. It became its national flag on January 24, 1839.

When Texas became the 28th state of the United States of America on December 29, 1845, its national flag became the state flag. Each color means a special symbol on the flag: blue stands for loyalty, white for purity, and red for bravery.
Benny Benson

**John Ben** "**Benny**" **Benson Jr.** (October 12, 1913 – July 2, 1972) was born in Chignik, Alaska. When he was three years old, his mother died. His father sent him and his brother Carl to boarding school because Benny's father could not take care of them. Benny grew up in Unalaska and later in Seward.

## Alaska Flag

Fame came to him from designing the Alaska flag. Benny was the winner of the contest run for Alaska students in grades seven to twelve in 1926. The Alaska Legislature adopted the design as the official flag for the Territory of Alaska on May 2, 1927. Later, the drafters of the Alaska constitution stipulated that the territorial flag would become the official flag of the State of Alaska.
Bowling for Soup

**Bowling for Soup** is an American pop punk band from Wichita Falls, Texas.

The band was formed in 1994 by Jaret Reddick, Chris Burney, Erik Chandler and Lance Morrill. The name of the band is from one of Steve Martin's comedy acts. They released their self-title debut album, _Bowling for Soup_, in September 1994.

## Band members

- Current
- Jaret Reddick – lead vocals, guitars (1994–_present_)
- Chris Burney – guitars, backing vocals (1994–_present_)
- Rob Felicetti – bass guitar, backing vocals (2018 –_present_)
- Gary Wiseman – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1998–_present_)

- Former
Erik Chandler - bass guitar, backing vocals (1994 - 2018)
- Lance Morrill – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1994–1998)

### Albums

- _Bowling for Soup_ (1994)
- _Rock on Honorable Ones!!_ (1997)
- _Let's Do It for Johnny!_ (2000)
- _Drunk Enough to Dance_ (2002)
- _A Hangover You Don't Deserve_ (2004)
- _The Great Burrito Extortion Case_ (2006)
- _Sorry for Partyin_' (2009)
- _Fishin' for Woos_ (2011)
- _Lunch. Drunk. Love_ (2013)
- _Drunk Dynasty_ (2016)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bowling for Soup
- **image**: Bowling for Soup.jpg
- **caption**: Bowling for Soup performing before the Dallas Stars, Stars' run in the 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs
- **image size**: 240px
- **origin**: Wichita Falls, Texas U.S.
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **current members**: * Jaret Reddick
* Chris Burney
* Gary Wiseman
* Rob Felicetti
- **past members**: * Lance Morrill
* Erik Chandler
Flag of Alaska

The **Flag of Alaska** has eight gold stars on dark blue. These stars form the Big Dipper and the North Star.

## Creation

The flag was created in 1927 by Benny Benson, a 13-year-old Alaska native. Up to that time, Alaskans had flown only the U.S. flag. Benson's design was chosen over 700 other submissions from school-children in grades 7–12. Most other entries showed the seal, the midnight sun, the northern lights, polar bears, and gold pans. To celebrate his achievement, Benson was awarded $1,000 and an engraved watch. The Alaska Legislature adopted the flag on May 2, 1927. It was kept as the state flag upon statehood in 1959.

## Alaska's Flag Song Lyrics

This song was made for the flag.

## Related pages

- Alaska

## Other websites

- Catalog of the "Eight Stars" exhibit  at the Alaska State Museum, in PDF format; requires Adobe Reader

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Alaska
- **image**: Flag of Alaska.svg
- **use**: 110000
- **proportion**: 125:177
- **adoption**: July 9, 1927
- **design**: Eight gold stars, in the shape of "the big dipper", on a blue background. The North Star is larger than the other 7.
- **designer**: Benny Benson
- **type**: State