juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
America's Funniest Home Videos

***America's Funniest Home Videos*** is an American reality-comedy show. The show originally aired on ABC.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Reality television
- **camera**: Videotape; Multi-camera setup, Multi-camera
<small>(studio segments)</small>
- **creator**: Vin Di Bona
- **executive producer**: Vin Di Bona
- **writer**: Todd Thicke
<small>(supervising writer)</small>
Erik Lohla
Mike Palleschi
Jordan Schatz
- **director**: Vin Di Bona
- **presenter**: Bob Saget (1989–1997; guest, 2009)
John Fugelsang and Daisy Fuentes (1998–1999)
Tom Bergeron (2001–2015)
Alfonso Ribeiro (2015–present)
- **narrated**: Ernie Anderson (1989–1995)
Gary Owens (1995–1997)
Jess Harnell (1998–present)
- **theme music composer**: Dan Slider
- **opentheme**: "The Funny Things You Do", performed by Jill Colucci (1989–1996),
performed by Peter Hix & Terry Wood (1996–1997),
Rearranged ska/reggae instrumental (1998–2015)
- **company**: Vin Di Bona Productions
ABC Entertainment
- **runtime**: 60 minutes (1989 and 1999–2000 specials; 2001–present, series)
30 minutes (1990–1999, series)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **network**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **last aired**: present
- **num seasons**: 33
- **num episodes**: 767
- **related**: _America's Funniest People_ (1990–1994)
_World's Funniest Videos_ (1996)
The X Factor (American TV series)

***The X Factor USA*** is an American television music competition. The winner gets a recording contract and 5 million dollars. It first aired on September 21, 2011 on Fox. There have been three winners; Melanie Amaro, Tate Stevens and Alex & Sierra.

On February 7, 2014, Fox announced that _The X Factor_ got canceled due to Simon Cowell, who went back at the UK version of the show.

## Hosts and judges

Season 1 was hosted by Steve Jones. For season 2, he was replaced by Khloé Kardashian and Mario Lopez. For season 3, Mario Lopez returned as the host but Kardashian did not.

The original panel consisted of Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Nicole Scherzinger and L.A. Reid. After season 1, Paula and Nicole were replaced by Demi Lovato and Britney Spears. In season 3, L.A. Reid was replaced by Kelly Rowland.
|Year|colspan="4"|Judges|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|rowspan="2"|L.A. Reid|Nicole Scherzinger|Paula Abdul|rowspan="3"|Simon Cowell|
|2012|rowspan="2"|Demi Lovato|Britney Spears||||
|2013|Paulina Rubio|Kelly Rowland|||||

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Reality television
- **creator**: Simon Cowell
- **composer**: Simon Cowell
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 80
- **runtime**: 60–150 minutes
- **related**: The X Factor (British TV series), _The X Factor_
- **channel**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
The Yellow Kid

**The Yellow Kid** is the name of a comic strip character. He appeared from 1895 to 1898 in the _New York World_, and later in the _New York Journal_. The Yellow Kid was created and drawn by Richard F. Outcault in the comic strip _Hogan's Alley_. It was one of the first Sunday supplement comic strips in an American newspaper. Its graphical layout had already been established in political and other, purely-for-entertainment cartoons.

The Yellow Kid was a bald, snaggle-toothed boy who wore an over-sized yellow nightshirt and hung around in a slum alley. This alley was typical of certain areas of squalor that existed in turn of the 19th to 20th century New York City. Hogan's Alley was filled with equally odd characters, mostly other children.  With a goofy grin, the Kid spoke in a ragged, peculiar slang. This slang was printed on his shirt, a device meant to mock advertising billboards.

## Other websites

- Radio piece detailing the story behind the Yellow Kid, particularly his role in commercial advertising
- Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: (88 _Yellow Kid_ pages)
- _New York Times Book Review_: "The Kid From Hogan's Alley" by John Canemaker
- R. F. Outcault Society's _Yellow Kid_ site
- Yellow Kid origin
- Yellow Kid Pinbacks
2010–11 United States network television schedule

The following is the 2010–11 United States network television schedule.

## Legend

- Yellow indicates the top-10 most watched programs of the season.
- Cyan indicates the top-20 most watched programs of the season.
- Magenta indicates the top-30 most watched programs of the season.
Citytv

**City** (formerly called **Citytv**) is a Canadian English language television system owned by Rogers.

## Citytv Stations

- CHMI Winnipeg, Manitoba

- CITY Toronto, Ontario

- CKAL Calgary, Alberta

- CKVU Vancouver, British Columbia

## Other websites

- Citytv
- _CityNews_

## Infobox (network)

- **network name**: City
- **network logo**: City logo 2012.svg
- **branding**: City
- **country**: Canada
- **network type**: Terrestrial television, Broadcast television network
- **founded**: by Channel Seventy-Nine Ltd.
<small>(Phyllis Switzer, Moses Znaimer, Jerry Grafstein and Edgar Cowan, among others)</small>
- **available**: National
parts of the northern United States via digital cable
- **key people**: Guy Laurence - Rogers President & CEO
Rick Brace - President of Media Business Unit, Rogers Media
Scott Moore - Senior Vice President, Sportsnet and NHL Network, Rogers Media
- **launch date**: September 28, 1972 <small>(First aired)</small>
July 22, 2002
<small>(first national expansion)</small>
February 4, 2013
<small>(current national footprint)</small>
- **slogan**: _Everywhere!_
- **owner**: Rogers Media
- **past names**: Citytv (1972–2012)
- **servicename1**: Sister channels
- **service1**: Omni Television
Sportsnet
G4 (Canadian TV channel), G4
OLN
FX (Canada), FX
FXX (Canada), FXX
Viceland (Canada), Viceland
The Shopping Channel
WWE Network (Canada), WWE Network
Toon Disney

**Toon Disney** was an American cable television channel owned by Disney. It was replaced by Disney XD.  In Europe, the channel was replaced by Disney Cinemagic.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Toon Disney
- **logo**: Toon Disney logo.svg
- **logo size**: 175px
- **picture format**: 720p (High-definition television, HDTV)
480i (Standard-definition television, SDTV)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English and Spanish language, Spanish (via Second audio program, SAP audio track)
- **replaced by**: Disney XD (United States and Japan), Disney Cinemagic (Europe)
MTV2

**MTV2** is a cable network in the United States. It was launched on August 1, 1996 as **M2**.

## Infobox (tv channel)

- **name**: MTV2
- **logo**: MTV2 logo.png
- **launch date**: August 1, 1996; 17 years ago
- **slogan**: _Man's Best Friend._
- **owner**: ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks (ViacomCBS)
- **picture format**: 1080i (High-definition television, HDTV)
 480i (Standard-definition television, SDTV/16:9 letterbox)
- **country**: United States
- **area**: Nationwide (available in most areas)
- **language**: English
- **former names**: M2 (1996–1997)
- **sister channels**: MTV, MTV Jams, MTV Hits, mtvU, Tr3́s, VH1, VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, Palladia
- **web**: [http://www.mtv.com/mtv2 www.mtv.com/mtv2]
- **sat serv 1**: DirecTV
- **sat chan 1**: 333 (SD only) (exp. 8/2/22)
1333 (VOD HD) (exp. 8/2/22)
- **sat serv 2**: Dish Network
- **sat chan 2**: 161 (SD only)
- **cable serv 1**: Available on many U.S. cable providers
- **cable chan 1**: Check local listings for channel numbers
- **iptv serv 1**: Verizon FiOS
- **iptv chan 1**: 211 (SD)
711(HD)
- **iptv serv 2**: AT&T U-verse
- **iptv chan 2**: 1504 (HD) (exp. 8/2/22)
504 (SD) (exp. 8/2/22)
Iwata, Shizuoka

is the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan.  It is on the Tenryū River.
Iwata is made of 5 communities merged together: kyu-Iwata (former Iwata), Toyoda-cho, Fukude-cho, Ryuyo-cho, Toyoka-mura.
Part of Yamaha Corporation is in Iwata.

## History

There has been a settlement in the area of Iwata since ancient times.

During the Edo period, _Mitsuke-juku_ was one of 53 government waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road, which was a coastal route that ran from Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Kyoto.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_
- Júbilo Iwata

## Other websites

- Iwata website
Kashima, Ibaraki

is a port city on the Pacific coast of Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.

## History

An urban area developed around Kashima Shrine (_Kashima-jinga_).

It prospered as a temple town in Kashima temple which is Kuniichi Hitachi Miya.

After World War II, the economy of the region around the port city grew larger.

The Kajima seaside industrial zone centering on the Kashima harbor is formed.

Kashima city is an industrial city centering on a steel company.

### Timeline

- **1970** Kashima Line started business.
- **1985** Kashima-Rinkai Railway Oarai Kashima Line started business.
- **1993** Kashima Soccer Stadium was built.
- **1995** Kajima town became Kajima City.
- **2002** The World Cup was held in the Kajima stadium.

## Sports

The Kashima Antlers is an association football team in Kashima. It is utilizing soccer for town revitalization mainly by the Antlers.

## Other websites

- Kashima website 
- J.League, http://www.j-league.or.jp/stadium/kashima/
Marcus Salvius Otho

**Marcus Salvius Otho** (Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus, 28 April 32 –16 April 69 ) was a Roman military commander who became Roman Emperor in 69 CE. He led a coup against the Emperor Galba, but was defeated in a battle by Vitellius only eight weeks later. He took his own life after the battle. The year 69 was known as the Year of the Four Emperors.

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Otho
- **title**: Roman Emperor, Emperor of the Roman Empire
- **full name**: Marcus Salvius Otho
(from birth to accession);  Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus (as emperor,
sometimes also Marcus Salvius Otho Nero Caesar Augustus)
- **image**: OthoDen.jpg
- **caption**: Roman coin showing Otho
- **reign**: 15 January 69 – 16 April 69
- **predecessor**: Galba
- **successor**: Vitellius
- **spouse 1**: Poppea Sabina (forced to divorce her by Nero)
- **dynasty**: None
- **father**: Lucius Otho
- **mother**: Terentia Albia
- **birth place**: Ferentino, Ferentium, Italia (Roman Empire), Italy
- **death place**: Rome
Bornhardt

A **bornhardt** () is a big dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock formation. They are a kind of inselberg. They are usually made up of granites or gneisses, but can sometimes be found in other rock types like limestone, sandstone and conglomerate. They are named after Wilhelm Bornhardt (1864–1946), the German geologist who first described the feature.

## Other websites

- Granite Inselbergs of the Central Namib Deserts
- Boulders/Tors/Inselbergs
Tosu, Saga

is a Japanese city in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū.

## History

In 1874, disagreements with the central government of Japan became an armed conflict.  This was called the .  This involved regions of the modern city.

- March 12, 2011 — opening of the  which is operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu).   The design won an international award.

## Related pages

- Sagan Tosu

## Other websites

- Tosu website ; http://www.city.tosu.lg.jp/1559.htm

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tosu
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: SunMessa Tosu.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Tosu
- **image flag**: Flag of Tosu, Saga.svg
- **image seal**: Tosu Saga chapter.JPG
- **image map**: Tosu in Saga Prefecture Ja.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: Location in Saga Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Japan
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Yoshihito Mukaikado
- **area total km2**: 71.72
- **population total**: 74,196
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 1,035
- **utc offset**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 841-8511
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code
- **area code**: 41203-1
Lorenzo de' Medici

**Lorenzo de' Medici** (1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. He was called **Lorenzo the Magnificent** (_Lorenzo il Magnifico_) by Florentines. He was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. He is probably best known for what he gave to the world of art. He gave large amounts of money to artists so that they could make very good artwork. When he died, the Golden Age of Florence ended. The peace he helped keep between the many Italian states collapsed when he died. Lorenzo de' Medici is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.

## Renaissance

Lorenzo was an artist. He wrote poetry in Tuscan.

Lorenzo's agents took a lot of classical works from the east. Lorenzo had a large workshop to copy his books and spread their content across Europe. He supported the development of humanism through his friends who studied Greek philosophers, and tried to merge the ideas of Plato with Christianity. In this group were the philosophers Marsilio Ficino, Poliziano and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.

## Related pages

- Medici

## More reading

- Miles J. Unger, _Magnifico: The Brilliant Life and Violent Times of Lorenzo de Medici_ (Simon and Schuster 2008), biography of Lorenzo.
- Christopher Hibbert, _The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall_ (Morrow-Quill, 1980); general history of the family.
- F. W. Kent, _Lorenzo de- Medici and the Art of Magnificence (The Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History_ (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004); summarises Lorenzo's relationship with the arts.
- Peter Barenboim, _Michelangelo Drawings - Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation_ ( Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006) .

## Other websites

- Works of Lorenzo de' Medici
Kashiwa, Chiba

is a Japanese city in northern Chiba Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

It has been recognized as a core city since 1996.

## History

In the Edo period, the area around Kashiwa was directly controlled by the Tokugawa shogunate.  These lands were known as _tenryō_.

## Related pages

- Kashiwa Reysol

## Other websites

- http://www.city.kashiwa.lg.jp/foreign/english/index.html   
- Kashiwa International Relations Association (KIRA), http://www.kira-kira.jp/english/english.html ;
Offal

**"Offal"** is the name for the internal organs or entrails of a dead animal.

It means "eatable parts apart from the muscles". It includes the heart, kidneys, lungs, livers, intestines and brains. The word can also be used to cover other parts of the animal including the tongue, tail and feet. The word offal means the parts that fall off when the animal is cut up for meat. Offal from birds are called "giblets". In some parts of the world people eat offal, and in others doing so is considered taboo or strange.
Kyūshū Shinkansen

The **** is a Japanese high-speed railway line between  Fukuoka and Kagoshima in Kyushu. The line is operated by the Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu).

The southern 127 km opened on 13 March 2004.

The northern 130 km section opened on 12 March 2011. Service began with a quiet start because of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
Jura Mountains

The **Jura Hills** are a long mountain arc. The Jura rock or stone consists of limestone. It reaches from Lake Geneva to the Rhine River. The Jura Hills are not only in Switzerland, but also in France. The Chasseral is one of the highest hills in the Jura Mountains. It has an altitude of 1607 metres above sea level. The highest part of the Jura Hills is the “Crêt de la Neige“ in France and it is 1718 metres high. Many fossils and dinosaur tracks have been found there. The rocks of the Jura were formed between 144 million and 208 million years ago. The agriculture and winter tourism are very important for the principal economics.

## Other websites

- The Federal Council - About Switzerland
- Chasseral
- Le Reculet 1719m and Crêt de la Neige 1717.6m (in German)
Arkose

**Arkose** is a kind of sandstone which is rich in the mineral feldspar. It is made mostly of quartz, but also has  at least 25% feldspar. It may also consist of fragments (bits) of rock. Arkose usually contains small amounts of calcite cement, which may also contain iron oxide. Arkose is normally grey to reddish in colour. The sand grains making up arkose are usually coarse.

Arkose is generally formed from the weathering of igneous or metamorphic rocks. These are usually granite rocks, which contain a lot of feldspar and quartz. Arkose is often found with conglomerate deposits where the sediment is made of granite. The  central Australian monolith Uluru is made of late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian arkose, deposited by the erosion of a granite-based mountain range.
Styx (disambiguation)

**Styx** has several different meanings:

- Styx (mythology), a river in Greek mythology
- Styx (band), a famous music band
- Styx Records, a music record label
Justified

**Justified** has several different meanings:
- Justified (album), a music album by the artist Justin Timberlake
- Justified (TV series), a television series on the FX network.
Justified (TV series)

***Justified*** is an American crime drama television series based on the books written by Elmore Leonard and aired on FX. It is set in Harlan County, Kentucky.
Jason Donovan

**Jason Donovan** (born 1 June 1968) is an Australian actor and singer. Donovan became famous when he played Scott Robinson in _Neighbours_ from 1986 to 1989. He was a contestant in the 2006 series of _I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here!_ and in the 2011 series of _Strictly Come Dancing_. He hosts a show on Heart Network Radio in the UK on Sunday afternoons.

## Early life

Donovan was born in Malvern, Melbourne. He was taught at De La Salle College. He is the son of actor Terence Donovan and newsreader Sue McIntosh. The youngest of his three maternal half-sisters is actress-singer Stephanie McIntosh.

## Other websites

- Official website
Jarret Johnson

**Jarret Webster Johnson** (born August 14, 1981) is an American former professional football outside linebacker. He played 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens and San Diego Chargers. He played college football at the University of Alabama. Johnson appreciated as an "unsung hero" and defensive leader by Baltimore fans. Johnson scored two career touchdowns and was a steady presence on a great Ravens defense.

On March 14, 2012, Johnson signed a 4-year contract with the San Diego Chargers. On February 24, 2015, Johnson announced that he was retiring from playing professional football.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Jarret Johnson
- **image**: Jarret Johnson.jpg
- **number**: 76, 95, 96
- **position**: Linebacker
- **birth place**: Cedar Key, Florida
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 260
- **high school**: Chiefland High School, Chiefland (FL)
- **college**: Alabama Crimson Tide football, Alabama
- **draftyear**: 2003
- **draftround**: 4
- **draftpick**: 109
- **pastteams**: * Baltimore Ravens (–)
* San Diego Chargers (–)
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 506
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 25.5
- **statlabel3**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue3**: 11
- **statlabel4**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue4**: 3
- **statlabel5**: Interceptions
- **statvalue5**: 3
- **statlabel6**: Touchdown, Defensive touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 2
- **nfl**: JOH338168
Linebacker

A **linebacker** is a defensive position in the game of American football. There are two kinds of linebackers. One is the outside linebacker (OLB), whose job is to tackle players, rush the passer, and sometimes drop back in coverage to prevent catches. The middle linebacker (MLB) is often called the "quarterback of the defense," as they direct many formations and are often looked up to as leaders and very good players, mostly handling the job of tackling as well.

Linebackers can appear in different formations, or looks. In a 4-3 defense, there are three linebackers; usually two OLBs and a MLB in the middle.

A 4-4 defense relies more heavily on linebackers. That system includes four linebackers.

Linebackers are often called the original name.
- On 4-3 defense
Strong-side OLB: Sam (S)  MLB: Mike (M)  Weak-side OLB: Willy (W)

- On 4-4 defense
Strong-side OLB: Sam (S)  Strong-side MLB: Mike (M)  Weak-side MLB: Kenny (K)  Weak-side OLB: Willy (W)
Lambeau Field

**Lambeau Field** is a sports stadium in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The stadium is home to the Green Bay Packers, an American football team that plays in the National Football League. The stadium is named after the Packers' founder Curly Lambeau.

## Other websites

- Lambeau Field at Packers.com

## Infobox (stadium)

- **stadium name**: Lambeau Field
- **nickname**: The Frozen Tundra / Titletown USA
- **image**:
- **location**: 1265 Lombardi Avenue, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54304
- **broke ground**: October 11, 1956
- **opened**: September 29, 1957
- **renovated**: 2014
- **owner**: Green Bay, Wisconsin, City of Green Bay and Green Bay/Brown County Professional Football Stadium District
- **operator**: Green Bay Packers
- **surface**: Kentucky bluegrass reinforced with DD GrassMaster
- **construction cost**: $960,000
($ in  dollars)
$295 million (2003 Renovation)
($ in  dollars)
- **architect**: Somerville Associates
Ellerbe Becket (2003 renovation)
- **general contractor**: Geo. M. Hougard & Sons
- **former names**: City Stadium (1957–64)
- **tenants**: Green Bay Packers (National Football League, NFL) (1957–present)
- **seating capacity**: 81,435
- **record attendance**: 72,740 (2007–08 NFL playoffs, 2007 NFC Championship)
From Green Bay Packers website: http://www.packers.com/lambeau-field/stadium-info/history/records.html
Kelly McGillis

**Kelly McGillis** (born July 9, 1957) is an American actress. She was born in Newport Beach, California. She starred in _Witness_, _Top Gun_ and _The Accused_.

McGillis is openly lesbian.
Samkranthi

**Makar Sankranti**, **Sankranti** or **Sankranthi** is one of the main festivals in India. It is the first festival of the year in the Gregorian calendar. This festival is celebrated by the people all over India. It marks the transition of the sun into _Makara rashi_ (Capricorn) on its path across the sky. It is celebrated on the 14th or 15th of January. Makar Sankranti is celebrated with social festivities such as colourful decorations, melas (fairs), bonfires and feasts.

Makar Sankranti is an important pan-Indian solar festival, known by different names, though observed on the same date. It is known as Pedda Panduga in Andhra Pradesh, Makara Sankranti in Karnataka, and by other names.
D. W. Griffith

**David Llewelyn Wark "D. W." Griffith** (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American movie director and white supremacist. He is best known as the director of the Ku Klux Klan 1915 movie _The Birth of a Nation_ and the 1916 follow-up movie _Intolerance_. _The Birth of a Nation_ made early use of advanced camera and storytelling techniques. It was a very popular movie. It was also a very controversial movie.  The movie showed African Americans and White anti-racists in a bad way. It also showed slavery and the Ku Klux Klan as good things. The movie was praised by President Woodrow Wilson. He said it was "history written in lightning".  The NAACP boycotted the movie. Griffith responded to all the criticism with another movie, _Intolerance_. This movie showed the dangers of prejudice. The movie did not make as much money as _The Birth of a Nation_, but the critics liked it.  Many of Griffith's later movies were critical successes. They did not make a lot of money. Even so, he is one of the most important figures of early movies. Other famous movies by Griffith include _Orphans of the Storm_ and _Broken Blossoms_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: D. W. Griffith
- **image**: David Wark Griffith 1916.jpg
- **birth place**: LaGrange, Kentucky, LaGrange, Kentucky,
United States
- **death place**: Hollywood, California, Hollywood, California,
United States
- **years active**: 1908–1931
- **spouse**: Linda On (1906–1936)
Evelyn Baldwin (1936–1947)
Paris Opéra Ballet

The **Paris Opera Ballet** (French: Ballet de l'Opéra de Paris) is the oldest national ballet company in the world. Many European and international ballet companies can trace their origins to it. It has always been an integral part of the Paris Opéra, which was founded in 1669 as the Académie d'Opéra (Academy of Opera).

Theatrical dance was not an important part of the Paris Opera until 1673. Then was renamed the Académie Royale de Musique (Royal Academy of Music) and placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully. The Paris Opera has had many different official names during its long history but since 1994 has been called the Opéra National de Paris (Paris Opera). Currently the company presents ballet primarily at the Palais Garnier.
Alexis Weissenberg

**Alexis Weissenberg** (26 July 1929 – 8 January 2012) was a French pianist of Jewish-Bulgarian descent. Technically brilliant, his playing was often described as cold and precise. Weissenberg was born in Sofia and in 1941 was sent to a concentration camp with his family. A guard liked his playing and helped the family escape to Turkey, and then to Jerusalem. In 1946 he moved to New York and studied at the Julliard School of Music. He toured for about ten years, but then did not play in public until 1966 when he performed with Herbert von Karajan in Berlin. He finally settled in Spain, but rarely performed in public.
Carlos Soria

**Carlos Soria** (1 March 1949–1 January 2012) was an Argentine lawyer who became Governor of Rio Negro. A member of the ruling Peronist party, he had been the mayor of General Roca, until his election as governor of the province in October 2011. He died after being shot in the head during an argument at home with his wife.
Bolshoi Ballet

The **Bolshoi Ballet** is a ballet company. It is based at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, Russia. It was founded in 1776. It is one of the oldest ballet companies in the world. It achieved worldwide acclaim in the early 20th century when Moscow became the capital of Soviet Russia. The Bolshoi and the Kirov Ballet are recognised as the foremost ballet companies in Russia.

The origin of the Bolshoi is found in the creation of a dance school for a Moscow orphanage in 1773. In 1776, dancers from the school were employed by Prince Pyotr Urusov and the English theatrical entrepreneur Michael Maddox to form part of their new theatre company. They performed in privately owned venues. Later they acquired the Petrovsky Theatre. The theatre would later be rebuilt as today's Bolshoi Theatre.

The early history of the Bolshoi Ballet is very sketchy. The company staged many famous ballets. It struggled to compete with the Imperial Russian Ballet of St Petersburg. It was not until Alexander Gorsky became Ballet Master in 1900 that the company began to develop its own unique identity. The company was acclaimed for productions of new or restaged ballets including, _Don Quixote_ (1900), _Coppélia_ (1901), _Swan Lake_ (1901), _La fille mal gardée_ (1903), _Giselle_ (1911), _Le Corsaire_ (1912) and _La Bayadère_ (1917).
American Ballet Theatre

**American Ballet Theatre** (ABT), is a classical ballet company based in New York City. It has an annual eight week season at the Metropolitan Opera House Lincoln Center. It tours around the world the rest of the year. American Ballet Theatre was founded in 1937 by Mikhail Mordkin. It is recognized as one of the world's leading classical ballet companies. American Ballet Theatre is the parent company of the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School. It was recognized as "America's National Ballet Company" in 2006 by the United States Congress.

## Other websites

- American Ballet Theatre entry in the Encyclopædia Britannica
- American Ballet Theatre entry in the Columbia Encyclopedia
- Archive footage of ABT (then Ballet Theatre) performing Interplay in 1949 at Jacob's Pillow
- Daily Telegraph obituary of Georgina Parkinson, December 20, 2009
- NY Times obituary of Georgina Parkinson, December 18, 2009
- NYPL theatrical lighting database , complete lighting paperwork for _Fall River Legend_
Joan Crawford

**Joan Crawford** (born **Lucille Fay LeSueur**; March 23, 1907   was an American actress.

Crawford usually played as women who worked hard. Her characters were usually about women who went from being poor to becoming rich, or "rags-to-riches". Her characters were popular for Depression-era people. They were also popular with women. Crawford became one of Hollywood's most important actors. She was also one of the highest paid woman in the United States. However, her movies started to lose money. By the 1930s, she was called "box office poison" because her movies lost so much money.

She won the 1945 Best Actress Academy Award for _Mildred Pierce_. In 1999, she was voted to be the tenth-greatest female star in the history of American movies by the American Film Institute.

## Biography

Crawford was born in San Antonio, Texas. Her real name was Lucille Fay LeSueur.  She began her career as a dancer. She moved to Hollywood in 1925. She worked in silent movies. She played hard-working young women who wanted love, romance, and glamor. She made "talkies", too. She was given the name "Joan Crawford" from a magazine contest sponsored by MGM.

Crawford won the Best Actress Academy Award for _Mildred Pierce_ in 1945.  She made many more movies, but retired in 1970. She died in New York City of a heart attack.

Crawford won success with _Letty Lynton_ (1932). The film is mostly remembered because of the "Letty Lynton dress". This dress was designed by Adrian. It was a white cotton organdy gown with large ruffled sleeves, puffed at the shoulder. It was with this gown that Crawford's broad shoulders began to be accentuated by costume. Macy's copied the dress in 1932, and it sold over 500,000 replicas in the United States.

Crawford was married four times. First to actor Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and then to actor Franchot Tone. Her third husband was actor Phillip Terry, and her fourth and last husband was Pepsi executive Alfred Steele. Crawford became active in the Pepsi-Cola company after Steele's death of a heart attack.

Crawford adopted four children: Christina, Christopher, and "the twins" Cynthia and Cathy. Christina wrote a bestselling "tell-all" biography called _Mommie Dearest_. This book alleged that Crawford abused her children. It was made into a movie also called _Mommie Dearest_.

## Other websites

- Official Website

- Excerpt of March 2008 biography, VanityFair.com
- Joan Crawford profile, Virtual-History.com
- Joan Crawford awards at Brandeis University
- Crawford, Joan (1906–1977) in the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joan Crawford
- **image**: Joan Crawford - 1936 - Hurrell.JPG
- **caption**: Crawford in 1936
- **birth name**: Lucille Fay LeSueur
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **resting place**: Ferncliff Cemetery
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1924–1972
- **children**: 4, including Christina Crawford, Christina
- **relatives**: Daisy McConnell (half-sister),
Hal LeSueur (brother), Edgar LeSueur (brother)
Fukui Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshū. The capital is the city of Fukui.

## History

In the early Meiji period, Fukui was created by the merger of Wakasa Province and Echizen Province.

## Geography

The prefecture faces the Sea of Japan.  It shares a northern border with Ishikawa Prefecture. East of Fukui are Gifu Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture.  Kifu's southern border meets Kyoto Prefecture.

### Cities

Fukui Prefecture includes the following cities:
- Awara
- Echizen
- Fukui (capital city)
- Katsuyama
- Obama
- Ōno
- Sabae
- Sakai
- Tsuruga

### National Parks

National Parks are established in about 15% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples

_Wakashiko jinja_ and _Kehi jinja_ are the chief Shinto shrines (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan
- Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum

## Other websites

- Fukui Prefecture website 

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fukui Prefecture
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Fukui Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Fukui Prefecture.svg
- **image map**: Fukui in Japan.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: **Fukui Prefecture** in Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Fukui, Fukui, Fukui
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **p1**: Districts of Japan, Districts: 7
- **p2**: Municipalities in Japan, Municipalities: 17
- **leader title**: List of prefectural governors in Japan, Governor
- **leader name**: Tatsuji Sugimoto
- **area total km2**: 4,191
- **population total**: 766,863
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 183.0
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 910-8580
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 18000-9
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:JP, ISO 3166 code
- **blank info sec2**: JP-18
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Nagano Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Nagano. The capital is the city of Nagano.

## History

Nagano Prefecture was created from the area of the former Shinano Province.

Nagano was host to the 1998 Winter Olympics.

## Geography

Nagano Prefecture is south of Niigata Prefecture.  The eastern borders of Nagano meet Gunma Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture.  Nagano's souther border is shared with Aichi Prefecture.  The western borders of the prefecture are shared with Toyama Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture.

### National Parks

National Parks are established in about 21% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples

_Suwa jinja_ is the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Nagano Prefecture Tourism website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nagano Prefecture
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Nagano Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Nagano Prefecture.svg
- **image map**: Nagano in Japan.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: **Nagano Prefecture** in Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Nagano, Nagano, Nagano
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **p1**: Districts of Japan, Districts: 14
- **p2**: Municipalities in Japan, Municipalities: 77
- **leader title**: List of prefectural governors in Japan, Governor
- **leader name**: Shuichi Abe
- **area total km2**: 13,562
- **population total**: 2,048,011
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 151.0
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 380-8570
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 20000-0
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:JP, ISO 3166 code
- **blank info sec2**: JP-20
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Nara Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Nara.

## History

The area of Yamato Province was reorganized as Nara Prefecture during the Meiji period.

## Geography

Nara is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture. Its border on the north meets Kyoto Prefecture.  Mie Prefecture is on the east.

### Towns and villages

Towns and villages in each district:

### National Parks

National Parks are established in about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples

_Ōmiwa jinja_ is the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Nara Prefecture website 

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nara Prefecture
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Nara Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Nara Prefecture.svg
- **image map**: Nara in Japan.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: **Nara Prefecture** in Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Nara, Nara, Nara
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **p1**: Districts of Japan, Districts: 7
- **p2**: Municipalities in Japan, Municipalities: 39
- **leader title**: List of prefectural governors in Japan, Governor
- **leader name**: Makoto Yamashita
- **area total km2**: 3,691
- **population total**: 1,324,473
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 358.8
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 630-8501
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 29000-9
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:JP, ISO 3166 code
- **blank info sec2**: JP-29
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Ezo

, also known as **Yezo** or **Yeso**, is an ancient Japanese name for the lands to the north of Japan. It was the name of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō.  It was also used as a name for islands in the Sea of Okhotsk, including the Kurile Islands and Sakhalin.

The terms **Ezo**, **Yezo**, **Ebisu** or **Emishi** were also used as a name for the people and culture of northern Honshu, including  Akita Prefecture, Aomori Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture.

## History

The first published description of Ezo in the West was brought to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included  by Hayashi Shihei. This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ezo region and people.

Titsingh's translation of _Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu_ was published in 1832.

## Other websites

- Waseda University, 三国通覧図説 (_Sangoku Tsuran Zusetsu_)
- An old map of Ezo and two other islands from 1854
Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges

**Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges** (7 November 1799 – 23 December 1875) was a French writer. He was born in Paris on 7 November 1799 and died there on 23 December 1875. He was one of the most prolific librettists of the 19th century.  He joined with others to write the librettos for the ballet _Giselle_ by Adolphe Adam, for the opera _La fille du regiment_ by Donizetti, and the opera _La jolie fille de Perth_ for Bizet. He wrote over seventy works for the stage. He wrote novels. He liked plot twists and unlikely coincidences. His works are short on convincing characterizations. He was old-fashioned, dressing in 18th century style.
Mildred Pierce

***Mildred Pierce*** is a film noir movie. It was made in 1945. The movie was based on a book of the same name by James M. Cain. It was directed by Michael Curtiz. The movie got good reviews. It stars Joan Crawford. She won the Best Actress Academy Award. The movie was picked for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

## Story

The movie is about a housewife named Mildred Pierce. Her marriage is troubled. Her husband leaves her for dead-common Mrs. Beedlehoff. Mildred has two little girls. Kay is a nice kid; Veda is a spoiled-rotten, high-falutin' brat. Mildred must take care of her kids alone by secretly slinging hash. She is a good cook. She opens a restaurant. Kay dies. Business is great. She gets rich. Mildred gives Veda everything she wants. Mildred starts to date a playboy named Monty. He is spoiled, too. He constantly asks Mildred for money. He never pays it back. One day she finds Monty and Veda in an act of intimacy.  Mildred has a gun. She wants to shoot Monty. She drops the gun. She runs away crying. Later Veda shoots Monty when he tells her to get out of his life because she is nothing more than a saucy little tramp. Veda is seized at the airport attempting to flee Los Angeles and is sent to jail. There is nothing her rich mother can do. She reunites with her husband.
Our Dancing Daughters

***Our Dancing Daughters*** is a 1928 MGM silent movie. The movie is about the loosening of youth morals that took place during the 1920s. The movie was directed by Harry Beaumont. It was produced by Hunt Stromberg. The movie made Joan Crawford a big  star. She remained a big star for the next 50 years.

## Story

"Dangerous Diana" Medford (Joan Crawford) is flashy and popular. Inside, she is a good person. Her friend Ann is an amoral boy-chaser. Diana and Ann both like Ben Blaine. He thinks Diana is not interested in him.  He marries Ann. Diana becomes unhappy for a while. Later, she throws a party. Ann hopes to go with her lover, Freddie. She argues with her husband. She goes to the party. Ben goes to the party behind Ann's back. Ben and Diana realize they love each other. Ann gets drunk. She falls to her death. Ben and Diana are free to wed.
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

***The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari*** () is a 1920 German silent movie. It was directed by Robert Wiene. Conrad Veidt stars. It is a German Expressionist movie. It is one of the greatest horror movies of the silent era. The movie uses stylized sets with abstract, jagged buildings painted on canvas backdrops. These unique sets gave off a strong sense of theater. The actors used an unrealistic technique that exhibited jerky and dancelike movements. This movie introduced the "twist ending" in movies.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Cabinet of Dr.  Caligari
- **image**: CABINETOFDRCALIGARI-poster.jpg
- **writer**: Hans Janowitz
Carl Mayer
- **starring**: Werner Krauss
Conrad Veidt
Friedrich Fehér
Lil Dagover
Hans Heinrich von Twardowski, Hans Twardowski
- **director**: Robert Wiene
- **producer**: Rudolf Meinert
Erich Pommer
- **music**: Giuseppe Becce
- **cinematography**: Willy Hameister
- **distributor**: Decla-Bioscop (Germany)
Samuel Goldwyn, Goldwyn Distributing Company (US)
- **runtime**: 71 minutes
- **country**: Weimar Republic
- **language**: Silent film
German language, German intertitles
- **budget**: DEM 20,000 (estimated)
Lake Biel

**Lake Biel** (also called **Lake Bienne**) is the biggest lake in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. The lake has a length of  and a width of . Its surface area is about . Taximum depth is about . It is  above sea level. It is surrounded by a lot of wine-producing villages.

Together with Lake Morat and Lake Neuchâtel it is one of the three largest lakes in the Jura region of Switzerland. There are two rivers which run into Lake Biel. The first one is the Suze, it's Biel’s only river. The second one is the Aare, one of Switzerland’s longest rivers. It was redirected into the lake in 1878.

Vineyards are located on the sunny side of Lake Biel and benefit from the southeast orientation of the hills. The lake provides a balanced climate. Soils are highly calcareous. There are  of vineyards and a large variety of vine types, traditionally white wines, but increasingly red wines. The Chasselas, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Pinot blanc and Chardonnay are grown by about 80 winegrowers.  Most of the wine goods are family farms and the vine is often sold directly from the wine cellars.

Vineyards in the region of Lake Biel have been found since the Roman times. Archeologists found amphora for the wine. The vineyards still exist thanks to a ban released in 1933, which forbid building in the vineyards.

It is a common tourist destination and is a beautiful lake, with many recreational activities to do.

## References

- http://www.hydrodaten.admin.ch/en/2208.html
- http://www.biel-seeland.ch/
- _Stadt Biel_
- App, Beat and Thorens, Anette. _Drei-Seen-Land, seine Weinberge  und Hügel_, Gassmann Biel, 2009
- Bourquin, Werner. _Das Rebland und der Weinbau am Bielersee_.
- Bandroge Sadnest

## Other websites

- Prospekt Bielerseewein

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Lake Biel
 Lake Bienne
- **image lake**: Swiss-bienne-city-1.JPG
- **location**: Canton of Berne
- **basin countries**: Switzerland
- **residence time**: 58 days
- **islands**: Sankt-Petersinsel
- **cities**: Biel/Bienne
Brandon Marshall

**Brandon Marshall** (born March 23, 1984) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He was selected by the Denver Broncos out of the University of Central Florida, with the 119th overall pick in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Marshall has also played for the Miami Dolphins, where he wore #19. He holds a record for the most catches in a single game with 21, a record set in 2009 while Marshall was with the Broncos. Throughout his football career, Marshall has been respected as a good player, often one who is hard to tackle.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Brandon Marshall
- **image**: BrandonMarshallNYJ.jpg
- **image size**: 230
- **caption**: Marshall with the New York Jets
- **current team**: free agent
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 232
- **high school**: Lake Howell High School, Lake Howell
(Winter Park, Florida)
- **college**: UCF Knights football, UCF
- **draftyear**: 2006
- **draftround**: 4
- **draftpick**: 119
- **pastteams**: * Denver Broncos (–)
* Miami Dolphins (–)
* Chicago Bears (–)
* New York Jets (–)
* New York Giants ()
* Seattle Seahawks ()
* New Orleans Saints ()
- **status**: *
- **highlights**: * 2012 Pro Bowl, Pro Bowl MVP (2012 Pro Bowl, 2011)
* 6× Pro Bowl (2009 Pro Bowl, 2008, 2010 Pro Bowl, 2009, 2012 Pro Bowl, 2011–2014 Pro Bowl, 2013, 2016 Pro Bowl, 2015)
* First-team All-Pro (2012 All-Pro Team, 2012)
* Second-team All-Pro (2015 All-Pro Team, 2015)
* List of National Football League season receiving touchdown leaders, NFL receiving touchdowns co-leader (2015)
* Second-team All-Conference USA, C-USA (2005)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statseason**: 2018
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 970
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 12,351
- **statlabel3**: Average, Receiving average
- **statvalue3**: 12.7
- **statlabel4**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 83
- **nfl**: MAR370922
Theda Bara

**Theda Bara** was an American silent movie actress. She was born on July 29, 1885. Her real name was Theodosia Burr Goodman. Bara attended the University of Cincinnati for two years. She worked in theater productions. She moved to New York City in 1908. She made her Broadway debut in 1908. Most of Bara's early movies were shot at the Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. She moved to Los Angeles, California to shoot _Cleopatra_ in 1917. This movie became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of _Cleopatra_ exist today. There are many photographs of Bara in her costume as Cleopatra.

Bara married American movie director Charles Brabin in 1921. She had no children. She died of stomach cancer on April 13, 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Bara was one of the most popular stars of her era. She was one of the earliest sex symbols in movies. Her _femme fatale_ (deadly woman) roles earned her the nickname "The Vamp" (short for vampire). The term "vamp" soon became a popular slang term for a sexually predatory woman. Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926. Only six still exist in their entirety.

## Other websites

- Excerpt from Golden's biography _Vamp_
- Biography at monash.edu.au
- Amateur film of 1937 Fox Studios fire in New Jersey that destroyed many of Bara's films as well as all of the films of her rival Valeska Suratt, the 1921 _The Queen of Sheba_ and several early starring vehicles of John Gilbert
- Theda Bara  photo gallery NY Public Library Billy Rose collection
- Literature on Theda Bara