House of Lords

The **House of Lords** is one of the two Houses of Parliament of the United Kingdom (UK). It is in London, the capital city of the UK. The other house is the House of Commons. Together, the two houses form the government and parliament of the UK.

The House of Lords is not elected (voted for), except in the case of the holders of the seats reserved for hereditary peers (who are chosen by the House or by other hereditary peers in their parties).
- 2 people are members because of their job (The Duke of Norfolk, who is the Earl Marshal, and the Marquess of Lord Great Chamberlain, who both help to organise royal events).
- 90 people are _hereditary peers_. These are members of the House of Lords because one of their ancestors was made a member and (since 1999) have been elected from among other such people.
- The other members were made members for life, either life peers, who have existed since 1958 or as law lords. Law lords were senior judges made members of the House to help when the House of Lords was also the highest court in England and Wales (before the foundation of the Supreme Court in 2009).
- The twenty-six most senior Bishops of the Church of England also sit in the House of Lords, they are called the Lords Spiritual.

## Crossbenchers

Many members of the House of Lords sit as _Crossbenchers_.  This means they do not support either the government or opposition parties, but instead are independent of party politics. They got their name because the benches where they sit are placed across the aisle which separates the government and opposition supporters.

## Criticisms

There are several criticisms of the House of Lords, including:

- How people are "appointed" as lords, which has often been described as undemocratic. The House of Lords is fully unelected and allows peers to hold their seats until death.
- The makeup of the Lords does not reflect the diversity of the UK, with under-representation of ethnic minorities and women when compared with the House of Commons, and relative over-representation of people from South East England and people over 50.
- The House of Lords is often criticised for being too large, and too expensive. With almost 800 members it is the second-largest house of government in the world, second only to the National People's Congress of China, and is much larger than Upper Houses in comparable countries.

These criticisms have led some to question whether there is a need for a second/upper house at all, and whether the two house system in British politics is still useful. People such as Tony Benn and Rebecca Long-Bailey, have said the House of Lords should be gotten rid of. This is also supported by the Scottish National Party (SNP). This would mean the United Kingdom would have one level of government, which is called unicameralism and is present in many other countries.

## Other websites

- Parliament UK

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: House of Lords

- **coa pic**: House of Lords.svg
- **coa alt**: Crowned portcullis in Pantone 7427 C
- **coa res**: 300px
- **session room**: House of Lords Chamber.png
- **session alt**: Wood panelled room with high ceiling containing comfortable red padded benches and large gold throne.
- **session res**: 300px
- **structure1**: House of Lords composition.svg
- **structure1 res**: 300px
- **house type**: Upper house
- **body**: Parliament of the United Kingdom
- **leader1 type**: Lord Speaker
- **leader1**: John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith, The Lord McFall of Acluith
- **election1**: 1 May 2021
- **leader2 type**: Senior Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords, Senior Deputy Speaker
- **leader2**: John Gardiner, Baron Gardiner of Kimble, The Lord Gardiner of Kimble
- **election2**: 11 May 2021
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the House of Lords, Leader
- **leader3**: Nicholas True, Baron True, Nicholas True Baron of True
- **party3**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **election3**: 6 September 2022
- **leader4 type**: Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom), Shadow Leader
- **leader4**: Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon, The Baroness Smith of Basildon
- **party4**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
- **election4**: 27 May 2015
- **political groups1**: :  (John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith, 1)
;
: Bishops ()
;
;**Government of the United Kingdom, HM Government**
: ()

;**Official Opposition (United Kingdom), HM Most Loyal Opposition**
: ()
;**Other groups**
: ()
: ()
: ()
: ()
: ()
: Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords#List of Non-affiliated Peers, Non-affiliated ()
: Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords#List of Independent Peers, Independents ()
;**Crossbench**
: ()
- **meeting place**: House of Lords Chamber
Palace of Westminster
City of Westminster
London, England
United Kingdom
- **salary**: No annual salary, but tax-free daily allowance and expenses paid.