juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Royal Horticultural Society

**The Royal Horticultural Society** (**RHS**) was founded in 1804 in London, England. It was originally called the Horticultural Society of London, and was renamed in 1861.  The RHS is the UK's leading gardening charity.

The RHS helps to protect plants, gardens and parks. It also helps people learn gardening, and encourages people to grow their own food.

It holds flower shows such as the RHS Chelsea Flower Show, Hampton Court Palace Flower Show, RHS Tatton Park Flower Show and RHS Cardiff Flower Show.

The RHS has several gardens. The four main gardens are: Wisley Garden in Surrey, Rosemoor Garden in Devon, Hyde Hall in Essex, and Harlow Carr in North Yorkshire.

## Medals and awards

The society honours certain people with the Victoria Medal of Honour, and the Banksian, Knightian and Lindley medals. It awards Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze medals to exhibitors at its flower shows. The Veitch Memorial Medal is awarded each year for an outstanding contribution to the science and practice of horticulture.

Other awards bestowed by the society include the _Associate of Honour_ and the _Honorary Fellowship_.

The Award of Garden Merit, or AGM, is for garden plants that have been extensively tested by the society, and are recommended.

## Collections

The RHS works to help keep collections of cultivated plants. Some of these collections are kept by the RHS, and others are kept by other people who send documents and dried plant samples to the RHS.

The Lindley Library of the RHS has five branches. The library began as the book collection of John Lindley.

The RHS Herbarium has many dried plant specimens. It also has its own image library with more than 3,300 original watercolours, approximately 30,000 colour slides and many digital images.

### Magazines

The society has published a magazine since 1866. Since 1975 it has had the title _The Garden_ and is currently published monthly. The RHS publishes _The Plantsman_ and _The Orchid Review_ four times a year. _Hanburyana_ is published once a year. It is about horticultural taxonomy.

### Plant registers

Since the International Registration Authorities for plants were formed in 1955, the RHS has been the official "Registrar" for some groups of cultivated plants. It is now Registrar for nine categories – conifers, clematis, daffodils, dahlias, delphiniums, dianthus, lilies, orchids and rhododendrons. It publishes The International Orchid Register , the central list of orchid hybrids.

## References

- Brent Elliott (2004). _The Royal Horticultural Society, A History 1804-2004._ Phillimore.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Royal Horticultural Society
- **abbreviation**: RHS
- **image**: Reflections of Chelsea flower show 2010 - geograph.org.uk - 1878985.jpg
- **caption**: Reflections of the RHS Chelsea flower show, 2010
- **type**: Charitable organization
- **purpose**: Promote gardening and horticulture
- **region served**: United Kingdom
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Elizabeth Banks
- **website**: [http://www.rhs.org.uk/ www.rhs.org.uk]
Once Sent from the Golden Hall

***Once Sent from the Golden Hall*** was the first album by death metal band Amon Amarth. It was released by Metal Blade Records. The album was released on February 10 1998. Only 1000 copies of the first release were sold, on both CD and LP. It was later re-released, with 500 hand-counted copies. A deluxe edition was released, remastered by Jens Bogren. Martin Lopez left the band to join Opeth soon after the album was released.

## Band Members

- Johan Hegg - vocals
- Martin Lopez - drums
- Olavi Mikkonen - lead guitar
- Anders Hansson - rhythm guitar
- Ted Lundström - bass guitar

## Reviews

About.com gave the album 4 stars. They said "It's an outstanding debut". They also said that it had "a lot of raw power and aggression". Allmusic.com didn't think the album was so good. They said "the band doesn't really break any new ground here" and that the band "often takes themselves a bit too seriously".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Once Sent from the Golden Hall
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Amon Amarth (band), Amon Amarth
- **released**: February 10, 1998
- **recorded**: Autumn 1997 at The Abyss (recording studio), The Abyss in Pärlby
- **genre**: Melodic death metal
- **length**: 44:51
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Metal Blade
- **producer**: Peter Tägtgren, Amon Amarth
- **prev title**: Sorrow Throughout the Nine Worlds
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: The Avenger (album), The Avenger
- **next year**: 1999
The Avenger (album)

***The Avenger*** was the second full-length album by the Death Metal band Amon Amarth. It was released by Metal Blade Records on September 2, 1999. It was the first album to feature the guitarist Johan Söderberg and the drummer Fredrik Andersson. The digipak version contained a re-recording of their first demo Thor Arise. It was first released in LP format, but was then re-released by Metal Blade Records in 2005.

## Quote

Amon Amarth said,

It was the result of a short-lived feud with HammerFall.

## Band Members

- Fredrik Andersson - drums
- Olavi Mikkonen - lead guitar
- Johan Hegg - vocals
- Johan Söderberg - rhythm guitar
- Ted Lundström − bass guitar

## Reviews

The album got very good reviews. Allmusic.com said it was "mixing lightning-quick rhythms and noisy guitar textures with deep, growling grooves." They gave it 3.5 stars out of 5.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Avenger
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Amon Amarth (band), Amon Amarth
- **released**: September 2, 1999
- **recorded**: March 1999 at The Abyss (recording studio), The Abyss in Pärlby
- **genre**: Melodic death metal
- **length**: 36:12
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Metal Blade Records, Metal Blade
- **producer**: Peter Tägtgren
- **prev title**: Once Sent from the Golden Hall
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: The Crusher (album), The Crusher
- **next year**: 2001
Aegean cat

The **Aegean cat** () is a breed of cat. It first lived on the Cyclades islands on the Aegean Sea. This is how it got its name. Because it was an island cat, it likes to play in water and to catch fish.

The Aegean now lives all over Greece and is a common domestic cat that lives in homes. But there are also many that are feral in Greece. This means they are not tame and they run wild. They hang around fishing ports begging for food. This breed is probably the only cat that began in Greece.

## Appearance

Aegean cat fur is medium long. It gives good protection during bad winter weather. They have two or three colors. One of the colors is always white, with no yellow tone. Other colors can be black, red, blue, and cream. The fur may or may not have tabby stripes. These cats are strong with muscles and are medium-sized. The paws are medium in size and have a round shape. The eyes are always green and they have an almond shape.

## Aegeans as pets

The Aegean cat has been tame for hundreds of years and has been living where people are. So it is a friendly and intelligent pet that likes attention. The Aegean can not only live in an apartment, but is also a good rodent catcher outside.

## Other websites

- Short profile about the Aegean cat

## Infobox (catbreed)

- **name**: Aegean
- **image**: File:Aegean Island Cat.jpg
- **imagecaption**: Male brown tabby Aegean cat
- **country**: Greece
- **note**: Occurs naturally throughout Greece and Turkey, originates from the Cycladic islands
Peter Scholl-Latour

**Peter Roman Scholl-Latour** (March 9, 1924 – August 16, 2014) was a French-German journalist and publicist. He was born in Bochum, Germany. He was of (partly) Jewish descent (his mother was Jewish).

He was known for his books:
- _Der Tod im Reisfeld [Death in the Rice-fields]_ (1980)
- _Allah ist mit den Standhaften [Allah is with the Steadfast]_ (1983)
- _Mord am grossen Fluss [Murder at the Great River]_ (1986)
- _Leben mit Frankreich [Living with France]_ (1988)
- _Afrikanische Totenklage [African Dirge]_ (2001)

He fought in the First Indochina War.

Scholl-Latour died in Rhöndorf, Germany, aged 90.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Peter Scholl-Latour
- **image**: Peterscholllatour.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Scholl-Latour at a lecture in
the Bundeswehr University of Munich, 2008
- **birth place**: Bochum, Weimar Republic
- **death place**: Rhöndorf, Germany
- **nationality**: Germany, German and France, French
- **fields**: Political science
- **alma mater**: Institut d'études politiques de Paris,
University of Paris, Sorbonne,
Lebanese University
- **known for**: _Death in the Rice-fields_
- **awards**: Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, Légion d'honneur , 2005
Federal Cross of Merit, Cross of Merit, First class, 2006
Gerhard Löwenthal Honor Award, 2008
(issued by Junge Freiheit)
Raymond Massey

**Raymond Hart Massey** (August 30, 1896 – July 29, 1983) was a Canadian-American actor.

## Early life

Massey was born **Raymond Hart Massey** in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford and at the University of Toronto. Massey served in the Canadian Army during World War II. Massey moved to London to begin his acting career in 1922.

## Career

He was known for his roles in _Abe Lincoln in Illinois_, _Santa Fe Trail_, _Seven Angry Men_, _Arsenic and Old Lace_, _Hotel Berlin_, _East of Eden_, _Battle Cry_, and in _How the West Was Won_. Massey retired in 1973.

He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Abraham Lincoln in _Abe Lincoln of Illinois_. Massey was also known for his television role as Dr. Gillespie in _Dr. Kildare_.

## Personal life

Massey was married to Margery Fremantle from 1921 until they divorced in 1929. Then he married Adrianne Allen from 1929 until they divorced in 1939. Then he married Dorothy Whitney from 1939 until her death in 1982.

Massey two sons and one daughter. He had his first son, Geoffrey, with Margery and his other, Daniel, with Adrianne. He had one daughter, Anna, with Adrianne. His son, Daniel, died in 1998 and his daughter, Anna, died in 2011.

Massey was related to Governor-General of Canada Vincent Massey and to Canadian voice actor Walter Massey. Massey was a Republican and, along with Ronald Reagan, supported Barry M. Goldwater presidential campaign.

### Death

Massey died of pneumonia in Los Angeles, California at the age of 86. He died a month before he would have turned 87. That was the same day as the death of David Niven, who had co-starred with him in _The Prisoner of Zenda_ and _A Matter of Life and Death_. Massey is buried in New Haven, Connecticut's Beaverdale Memorial Park.

## Other websites

- Photographs and literature

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Raymond Massey
- **image**: Raymond Massey 1961 (cropped).JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Massey in May 1961
- **birth name**: Raymond Hart Massey
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, USA
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **resting place**: Beaverdale Memorial Park in New Haven, Connecticut, New Haven, Connecticut
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1918-1973
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Margery Fremantle (1921-29; 1 child)
 Adrianne Allen (1929-39; Anna Massey, Daniel Massey (actor), Daniel Massey)
 Dorothy Whitney (1939-82; her death)
Florentino Pérez

**Florentino Pérez Rodríguez** (; born 8 March 1947) is a Spanish businessman, civil engineer, and politician. He serves as president of Real Madrid Football Club, and ACS.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Florentino Pérez
- **image**: Florentino perez.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth name**: Florentino Pérez Rodríguez
- **birth place**: Hortaleza, Madrid, Spain
- **nationality**: Spaniard
- **known for**: President of Real Madrid C.F., Real Madrid Football Club
- **alma mater**: Technical University of Madrid
- **occupation**: Civil Engineer
- **networth**: $2.3 billion
- **boards**: Grupo ACS (<small>C.E.O.</small>)
- **spouse**: María Ángeles "Pitina" Sandoval Montero (died 22 May 2012)
- **children**: Afshar, Darki, Mehran, Elrey, Ashkan K
- **relations**: Eduardo Pérez del Barrio (father)
Soledad Rodríguez Pérez (mother)
Real Madrid Castilla

**Real Madrid Castilla** is a Spanish football team. It is Real Madrid's reserve team. Their home stadium (ground) is Alfredo di Stéfano Stadium. They currently play in the Segunda División B. Because it is Real Madrid's reserve team, the team can not be promoted (moved up to La Liga.

## Name

- 1930-1972 **AD Plus Ultra**
- 1972-1991 **Castilla CF**
- 1991-2005 **Real Madrid B**
- 2005-present **Real Madrid Castilla C.F.**

## Honours

- **Copa del Rey**
- _Runners-up:_ 1979–80

- **Segunda División**
- _Winners (1):_ 1983–84

- **Segunda División B**
- _Winners (4):_ 1990–91, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2011–12

- **Tercera División**
- _Winners (6):_ 1948–49, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1967–68

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Real Madrid Castilla
- **fullname**: Real Madrid Castilla Club de Fútbol
- **nickname**: RM Castilla
- **founded**: 16 December 1930
 (as _Agrupación Deportiva
 Plus Ultra_)
- **ground**: Alfredo di Stéfano Stadium,
 Madrid, Community of Madrid,Spain
- **capacity**: 12,000
- **chairman**: Nicolas Martín-Sanz
- **manager**: Santiago Scolari
- **league**: Segunda División B
- **season**: 2015–16 Segunda División B, 2015-16
- **position**: 2ªB - Group 2, **6th**
- **pattern la1**: _adidas25green
- **pattern b1**: _adidas25green
- **pattern ra1**: _adidas25green
- **pattern sh1**: _adidas25green
- **pattern so1**: _adidas25green
- **pattern la2**: _adidas25gold
- **pattern b2**: _adidas25gold
- **pattern ra2**: _adidas25gold
- **pattern sh2**: _adidas25gold
- **pattern so2**: _adidas25gold
- **leftarm2**: 004000
- **body2**: 004000
- **rightarm2**: 004000
- **shorts2**: 004000
- **socks2**: 004000
- **pattern la3**: _adidassnake07onblack
- **pattern b3**: _adidassnake07onblack
- **pattern ra3**: _adidassnake07onblack
- **pattern sh3**: _realmadrid1617t
- **pattern so3**: _realmadrid1617t
- **leftarm3**: 605070
- **body3**: 605070
- **rightarm3**: 605070
- **socks3**: 000000
- **current**: 2016-17 Segunda División B
Pohang

**Pohang** is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Its a main seaport in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. The city is has two wards ("Gu"), Buk-gu (Northern Ward) and Nam-gu (Southern Ward).

This city has the largest population of Gyeongbuk. It also has the 3rd widest land of South Korea.

## Other websites

- City government website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ko
- **settlement type**: List of cities in South Korea, Municipal City
- **translit lang1**: Korean
- **translit lang1 type1**: Hangul
- **translit lang1 type2**: Hanja
- **translit lang1 info3**: Pohang-si
- **translit lang1 info4**: P'ohang-si
- **image skyline**: Korea-Pohang-Goryongpo Beach-01.jpg
- **image caption**: A view of Guryongpo Beach
- **image map**: North Gyeongsang-Pohang.svg
- **map caption**: Location in South Korea
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Korea, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Yeongnam
- **population blank1 title**: Dialect
- **population blank1**: Gyeongsang dialect, Gyeongsang
- **area total km2**: 1127.24
- **population as of**: 2011 Jul
- **population total**: 520,305
- **population density km2**: 461.6
- **parts type**: Administrative divisions of South Korea, Administrative divisions
- **parts**: 2 _gu_, 19 _dong_, 4 _eup_, 10 _myeon_
- **blank emblem type**: Emblem of Pohang
Wellington Phoenix FC

**Wellington Phoenix F.C.** is a association football club from Wellington, New Zealand. It competes in the A-League, under licence from Football Federation Australia (FFA).

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Wellington Phoenix
- **fullname**: Wellington Phoenix FC
- **nickname**: _The Nix_
- **founded**: 2007
- **ground**: Wellington Regional Stadium, Westpac Stadium
- **capacity**: 34,500
- **chairman**: Rob Morrison
- **coach**: Ernie Merrick
- **ceo**: David Dome
- **league**: A-League
- **season**: 2013-14 A-League, 2013–14
- **position**: A-League, 9th
- **current**: 2014–15 Wellington Phoenix FC season
- **pattern la1**: _PHOENIX_1112h
- **pattern b1**: _wellington_1314local
- **pattern ra1**: _PHOENIX_1112h
- **pattern sh1**: _wellington_1314local
- **pattern so1**: _3_stripes_on_black
- **leftarm1**: FFFFFF
- **body1**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm1**: FFFFFF
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: FFE517
- **pattern la2**: _PHOENIX_1112a
- **pattern b2**: _wellington_1314visita
- **pattern ra2**: _PHOENIX_1112a
- **pattern sh2**: _wellington_1314visita
- **pattern so2**: _PHOENIX_1112a
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
- **website**: http://www.wellingtonphoenix.com/
Monarcas Morelia

**Club Atlético Monarcas Morelia** is a Mexican football club from Morelia, Michoacán. The team is owned by TV Azteca. Its home stadium is Estadio Morelos.

### Domestic

- **Liga MX: 1**
    - Invierno 2000
    - Runner-up (3): Apertura 2002, Clausura 2003, Clausura 2011

- **Segunda Division: 1**
    - 1981

- **Copa MX: 1**
    - Apertura 2013
    - Runner-up (1): 1964–65

- **Supercopa MX: 1**
    - 2014 Supercopa MX

### Friendly Tournaments

- **Copa Pachuca: 1**
    - 2001
    - Runner-up (1): 1999

### International

- **Superliga: 1**
    - 2010

- **CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 0**
    - Runner-up (2): 2002, 2003

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Monarcas Morelia
- **current**: 2014–15 Monarcas Morelia season
- **fullname**: Club Atlético Monarcas Morelia
- **nickname**: La Monarquía _(The Monarchy)_
Los Canarios _(The Canaries)_
Los Purépechas _(The Purépechas)_
- **founded**: November 21, 1924
- **ground**: Estadio Morelos
Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- **capacity**: 35,000
- **owner**: Grupo Salinas
- **chairman**: Pablo Boy
- **manager**: Ángel Comizzo
- **league**: Liga MX
- **season**: 2012–13 Liga MX season, Clausura 2013
- **position**: **4th** (**Quarterfinalist**)
- **pattern la1**: _morelia1314h
- **pattern b1**: _morelia1314h
- **pattern ra1**: _morelia1314h
- **leftarm 1**: FFFF00
- **body1**: FFFF00
- **rightarm1**: FFFF00
- **shorts1**: 000060
- **socks1**: 000060
- **pattern la2**: _morelia1314a
- **pattern b2**: _morelia1314a
- **pattern ra2**: _morelia1314a
- **leftarm2**: FFFF00
- **body2**: FFFF00
- **rightarm2**: FFFF00
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
- **pattern sh1**: _morelia1314h
- **pattern so1**: _morelia1314h
- _altamira1112h
- **pattern so2**: _altamira1112h
- **pattern b3**: _morelia1415t
- **pattern la3**: _morelia1415t
- **pattern ra3**: _morelia1415t
- **pattern sh3**: _morelia1415t
- **pattern so3**: _morelia1415t
- **socks3**: 000000
- **body3**: 000000
- **leftarm3**: 000000
- **rightarm3**: 000000
- **shorts3**: 000000
Tigres UANL

**Club de Fútbol Tigres de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León**, commonly known as **Tigres UANL**, is a Mexican professional football club. Its based in San Nicolás de los Garza, a suburb of  Monterrey.

### Domestic League

- **Liga MX: 5**
    - 1977-78, 1981-82, Apertura 2011, Apertura 2015, Apertura 2016

- **Copa México: 3**
    - 1975-76, 1995-96, Clausura 2014

- **Ascenso MX: 2**
    - Invierno 1996, Verano 1997

- **Segunda División: 1**
    - 1973-74

- **Interliga: 2**
    - 2005, 2006

- **Mexico's Under-20 Tournament: 1**
    - 2009-10

### International

- **SuperLiga: 1**
    - 2009

### Friendly Tournaments

- **Rio Grande Plate: 2**
    - 2007, 2008

- **Serie Mundial de Futbol: 1**
    - 2007

- **Copa Chiapas: 1**
    - 2008

- **Copa Cani: 1**
    - 2013

## Infobox (football club)

- **fullname**: Club de Fútbol Tigres de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
- **clubname**: UANL
- **nickname**: _Tigres Equipo Best_
_Felinos_
_Auriazules_
_La U de Nuevo León_
- **ground**: Estadio Universitario
San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León
- **capacity**: 42,000
- **owner**: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
- **chairman**: Alejandro Rodríguez
- **manager**: Ricardo Ferretti
- **league**: Liga MX
- **season**: Apertura 2017
- **position**: -
- **website**: http://www.tigres.com.mx/
- **pattern la1**: _tigres1920h
- **pattern b1**: _tigres1920h
- **pattern ra1**: _tigres1920h
- **pattern sh1**: _adidasblue
- **pattern so1**: _tigres0809h
- **leftarm1**: FDD011
- **body1**: FDD011
- **rightarm1**: FDD011
- **shorts1**: FDD011
- **socks1**: FDD011
- **pattern la2**: _tigres1920a
- **pattern b2**: _tigres1920a
- **pattern ra2**: _tigres1920a
- **pattern sh2**: _tigres1819a
- **pattern so2**: _tigres1415a
- **leftarm2**: 0000FF
- **body2**: 0000FF
- **rightarm2**: 0000FF
- **shorts2**: 0000FF
- **socks2**: 0000FF
2013–14 UEFA Champions League

The **2013–14 UEFA Champions League** was the 59th season of Europe's top club football tournament. It used to be called the European Champion Clubs' Cup but was renamed the **UEFA Champions League**.

The final match took place between Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid in Lisbon, Portugal. This was special because it was the fifth final with teams from the same country, and the first time both finalists were from the same city (after the finals of 2000, 2003, 2008, and 2013). Real Madrid won their 10th title in extra time after tying the game late in the second half and winning 4–1 in extra time.

In a new development, the clubs that made it to the group stage also qualified for the newly created 2013–14 UEFA Youth League, a competition for players aged 19 or under.

### Hat-tricks

|Player|For|Against|Result|Date|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Cristiano Ronaldo|Real Madrid|Galatasaray|6-1 (A)|17 September 2013|
|Lionel Messi|Barcelona|Ajax|4-0 (H)|18 September 2013|
|Konstantinos Mitroglou|Olympiakos|Anderlecht|3-0 (A)|2 October 2013|
|Zlatan Ibrahimović<sup>4</sup>|Paris Saint-Germain|Anderlecht|5-0 (A)|23 October 2013|
|Álvaro Negredo|Manchester City|CSKA Moscow|5-2 (H)|5 November 2013|
|Arturo Vidal|Juventus|Copenhagen|3-1 (H)|27 November 2013|
|Neymar|Barcelona|Celtic|6-1 (H)|11 December 2013|
|Robin van Persie|Manchester United|Olympiakos|3-0 (H)|19 March 2014|

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **tourney name**: UEFA Champions League
- **year**: 2013–14
- **image**: LuzLissabon.jpg
- **size**: 300px
- **caption**: The Estádio da Luz hosted the final.
- **dates**: 2 July – 28 August 2013 (qualifying)
17 September 2013 – 24 May 2014 (competition proper)
- **num teams**: 32 (group stage)
76 (total)
- **associations**: 52
- **champion other**: Real Madrid C.F., Real Madrid
- **count**: 10
- **second other**: Atlético Madrid
- **matches**: 125
- **goals**: 362
- **top scorer**: Cristiano Ronaldo <small>(17 goals)</small>
- **prevseason**: 2012–13 UEFA Champions League, 2012–13
- **nextseason**: 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, 2014–15
Oribe

**Oribe** is a given name. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People

- Oribe Niikawa, Japanese footballer

- Oribe Peralta, Mexican footballer
- Emilio Oribe (1893–1975), Uruguayan poet, essayist, philosopher, and doctor
- Furuta Oribe (1545–1615), originator of Oribe ware pottery
- Manuel Oribe (1792–1857), Uruguayan politician
- Oribe (hairdresser) (1956–2018), American hairdresser
Hans V. Engström

**Hans Vollart Engström** (24 February 1949 – 5 August 2014) was a Swedish actor. He was best known for his roles as Uno in the television soap opera _Rederiet_ from 1992 until 2002. He also played Jan in the drama movie _Mamma_ (1982). He appeared in many television movies during his career.

Engström was born in Enskede near Stockholm. He died from liver failure on 5 August 2014, at the age of 65.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hans V. Engström
- **birth name**: Hans Vollart Engström
- **birth place**: Enskede, Sweden
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1969–2007
One Night in Istanbul

***One Night in Istanbul*** is a British comedy-drama movie. It is co-directed, produced and written by Nicky Allt. The movie stars Steven Waddington and Paul Barber. The movie is about Liverpool fans in Istanbul, Turkey about to watch UEFA Champions League final in May 2005.

The movie's trailer was shown on 8 August 2014. It was released on 11 September in the UK and Ireland and worldwide on 15 September.
Mike Smith

**Michael George** "**Mike**" **Smith** (23 April 1955 – 1 August 2014), also known nicknamed "**Smitty**", was an English television and radio presenter. He was best known for being a BBC Radio 1 breakfast show DJ from 1982 until 1988. Smith was also a racing driver and businessman.

Smith was born in Romford, Essex. He was married to presenter Sarah Greene from 1989 until his death. He was also a helicopter pilot and was badly injured with Greene in 1986 when they had a helicopter accident in Gloucestershire.

Smith died from problems caused by heart surgery on 1 August 2014 in London. He was 59.
Ascendancy (album)

***Ascendancy*** is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Trivium. The album was released in 2005. It was the first album to feature guitarist Corey Beaulieu and bassist Paolo Gregoletto.

## Production

The album contained 4 singles, "Like Light to the Flies", "Pull Harder on the Strings of Your Martyr", "A Gunshot to the Head of Trepidation" and "Dying in Your Arms". A music video was made for each of these songs. Also, a promotional video was filmed for the song "Rain". A demo version of "The Deceived" was included in the re-release of Ember to Inferno, nearly a year before this album was released.

## Sales

_Ascendancy_ has sold over 500,000 copies worldwide,  in the United States of America the album reached No. 4 on the Top Heatseekers charts, with over 140,000 units sold.

## Reviews

When the album was released, it got very good reviews. Johnny Loftus of Allmusic had this to say about the album "Ascendancy aligns real-deal thrash with powerful modern influences. But at all times it's a platform for Trivium's own crazed talent."  It also got 7/10 stars from PopMatters.

## Track listing

- Bonus DVD

## Band members

- Matt Heafy - vocals, guitars, production, art concept
- Corey Beaulieu - lead guitar
- Paolo Gregoletto - bass guitar
- Travis Smith - drums, percussion, gang vocals (on Track 6)
Wolfgang Leonhard

**Wolfgang Leonhard** (16 April 1921 – 17 August 2014) was a German political author, historian, and expert. He wrote many books on Communism and how he was against it. He was the last living member of the Ulbricht Group, an anti-communism group. Leonhard was born in Vienna, Austria to German parents.

Leonhard died at a hospital in Daun, Germany from a long-illness at the age of 93.

## Awards

- Phi Beta Kappa from Yale University (1982)
- Merit Cross 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany (_Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse) (1987)
- Honorary doctorate from the Chemnitz University of Technology (1998)
- Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st Class (Austria, 2002)
- European Science Culture Award (2004)

## More reading

- Wolfgang Leonhard, _Die Revolution entlässt ihre Kinder_. Köln (Kiepenheuer & Witsch) 1955; in Engl.: _Child of the revolution''. Transl. by C. M. Woodhouse. London (Collins) 1957

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wolfgang Leonhard
- **birth name**: Wladimir Leonhard
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0625-029a, Berlin, Wolfgang Leonhard.jpg
- **caption**: Wolfgang Leonhard (1990)
- **birth place**: Vienna, First Austrian Republic, Austria
- **death place**: Daun, Germany, Daun, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- **occupation**: Historian, lecturer, writer
- **party**: Socialist Unity Party of Germany, SED
(later a party dissident)
- **spouse**: :de:Elke Leonhard, Elke Leonhard-Schmid (1974)
- **nationality**: Germany, German
Blue Point, New York

**Blue Point** is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 5,156 at the 2020 census.
Blue Point is in the Town of Brookhaven. It was the home of Nobel Prize-winner Raymond Davis, Jr..

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Blue Point, New York
- **settlement type**: Hamlet (New York), Hamlet and census-designated place
- **image map**: Blue-point-map.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: U.S. Census map
- **pushpin map**: New York
- **pushpin label**: Blue Point
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Suffolk County, New York, Suffolk
- **subdivision type3**: Administrative divisions of New York (state)#Town, Town
- **subdivision name3**: Brookhaven, New York, Brookhaven
- **area total km2**: 4.68
- **area land km2**: 4.67
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 1.81
- **area land sq mi**: 1.80
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5156
- **population density km2**: 1104.95
- **population density sq mi**: 2861.27
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone
- **utc offset**: -5:00
- **utc offset dst**: -4:00
- **elevation m**: 3
- **elevation ft**: 10
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 11715
- **area codes**: Area codes 631 and 934, 631, 934
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-07069
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0944323
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Factory (band)

**Factory** was a band from Stockholm in Sweden, active between 1978-1982. They scored chart successes in Sweden during the late 1970s-1980's.

Factory brok through in Sweden with the 1978  single _Efter plugget_ 1978. The single was followed up by the album _Factory_. The band toured the Nordic Region in the late 1970s-early 1980's and also released the 1980 album _Factory II_.

During the 1990s, the band was reunited temporary touring with, among others, Magnum Bonum, Attack and Snowstorm.

## Members

- Mats Carinder, vocals
- Ted Leinsköld, guitar
- Lars-Olof Larsson, keyboard
- Ken Siewertson, bass
- Mats Söderberg, drums

### Studio albums

- _Factory_ (1979)
- _Factory II_ (1980)

### Compilation albums

- _Best of Factory_ (1989)

### Singles

- _Lumpna funderingar_ (1978)
- _Efter plugget_ (1978)
- _Kuddsnack_ (1979)
- _Face to Face_ (1981)
- _Jag ställer inte upp_ (1981)
- _Hårt mot hårt_ (1982)
- _Ooa hela natten_ (with Attack och Magnum Bonum) (1992)

### Maxisingles 12"

- _Efter plugget_ (1989)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Factory
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **years active**: 1978-1982
- **past members**: Mats Carinder, Ted Leinsköld,  Lars-Olof Larsson, Ken Siewertson, Mats Söderberg
Peter Sculthorpe

**Peter Joshua Sculthorpe**  (29 June 1929 – 8 August 2014) was an Australian composer. He was best known for orchestral and chamber music, such as _Earth Cry_ (1986) and _Kakadu_ (1988). He was a classical-styled opera and ballet composer.

Sculthorpe was born in suburban Launceston, Tasmania. He studied in Melbourne, Victoria and at the Wadham College, Oxford in the United Kingdom.

Sculthorpe died after a long illness on 8 August 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 85.
Snowstorm (band)

**Snowstorm** is a rock band in Gothenburg in Sweden, founded in 1976 by Lars "Dille" Diedricson (vocals), Peter Nordholm (guitar), Torben Ferm (drums) and Micael Serenban (bass). The band scored several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970's and 80's. One of their most famous songs is "Sommarnatt" from 1980.

### Albums

- _Swedish Tracks '79_ (1979; Various Artists compilation album)
- _Sommarnatt_ (1980)
- _Nattlivstyranner_ (1981)
- _Ur natten in i gryningen_ (1982)
- _Rockin Again_ (1984)
- _Underbar_ (1991)
- _Best of Snowstorm_ (1992)
- _När ett hjärta slår_ (1992)
- _The revival album_ (1999; Snowstorm, Factory and Magnum Bonum)
- _1000 dar_ (2006)

### Singles

- "Fuzzy/Hising Island" (1978)
- "Vive le rock/okänd" (1979)
- "Summertime/Dina läppar mot mina"
- "Sommarnatt/Vårstämning"
- "Vinternatt/Julstämning" (1989)
- "Sommarnatt (Technoversion)/Regn" (1998)
- "In och ut"

## Members

- Torben Ferm, drums (1976–)
- Johan  Herlogson, guitar (1989–)
- Micael  Serenban, bass (1976–)
- Mats  Bernhardsson, vocals (1997–)

### Former members

- Lars Diedricson, vocals (1976–1980, 1983–1986)
- Peter Nordholm, guitar (1976–1980, 1983–1986)
- Ralph Peeker, vocals (1980–1982, 1987)
- Denny Olson, guitar (1981–1982, 1987)
- Mikael Wedberg, vocals (1982–1983)
- Gunnar Jaunupe, vocals (1987–1996)
- Anders Karlsson, guitar (1987–1989)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Snowstorm
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **years active**: 1976-
- **current members**: Torben Ferm
Johan Herlogson
Micael Serenban
Mats Bernhardsson
- **past members**: Lars Diedricson, Lars "Dille" Diedricson
Peter Nordholm
Ralph Peeker
Denny Olson
Mikael Wedberg
Gunnar Jaunupe
Anders Karlsson
Marianne Flynner

**Marianne Flynner**, born 16 September 1954 in Stockholm, Sweden, is a Swedish singer.

During the 1980s, she travelled with Rocktåget, and sung as a backup-choir girl with among others, Roxette and Eva Dahlgren.

For eight years, she lived in California, before studying at Adolf Fredrik's Music School.

in the USA, she was influenced by country music. By late 1993, Country Girl came out and her first album with own songs, and it peaked at 47th  position at the Swedish album chart. In 1994 came her second album, Tic-Tac Time, and in 1996 came her third, Sagt och gjort. The albums consisted of accustic, country-influenced, folk rock.

In 1995 she scored a hit together with Susanne Alfvengren and Åsa Jinder performing the Swedish women's national team fight song "Det är nu!" during the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, which was played in Sweden.

On 4 January 1997, her song "Den sista december" received a Svensktoppen test, but failed to enter chart.

Another famous song is "Hennes ögon" from 1996, written by Lotta Ahlin, and recorded by, among others, Jill Johnson in 1998.

### Albums

- Country Girl - 1993
- Tic-Tac Time - 1994
- Sagt och gjort - 1996

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Marianne Flynner
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **genre**: country music, Country, folk rock
- **occupation**: singer
- **years active**: 1970s-
- **associated acts**: Eva Dahlgren, Roxette, Susanne Alfvengren, Åsa Jinder
Twilight Dementia

***Twilight Dementia*** is the first live album by the British power metal band DragonForce. It was released in Japan on 8 September 2010. In the United Kingdom it was released on 13 September and in the United States on September 14. The album was recorded in November and December 2009 during the United Kingdom part of their Ultra Beatdown tour. It was recorded across 19 shows. It was the last album that had ZP Theart as the lead singer before he left the band.

## Band Members

- ZP Theart - lead vocals
- Herman Li - lead guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
- Sam Totman - lead guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
- Vadim Pruzhanov - keyboard, piano, theremin, Kaoss Pad, backing vocals
- Frédéric Leclercq - bass, backing vocals
- Dave Mackintosh - drums

## Production

The album was produced by Karl Groom, Herman Li and Sam Totman.

## Reviews

Allmusic given the album 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying that "the sound feels a little thin, but everything else is in place with the main attraction being shredmasters Herman Li and Sam Totman". They also said that "if you’re among those who just can’t seem to get enough of their well beyond over the top musical antics, Twilight Dementia will certainly satisfy."
ZP Theart

**ZP Theart** (born 27 May 1975 in Clanwilliam, South Africa) is a heavy metal singer. Most people know him as the main singer of DragonForce. While in DragonForce he recorded 5 albums and a studio album.

He left shortly after the release of Twilight Dementia due to "insurmountable differences of musical opinion". He has since said he does not regret leaving the band. After leaving, he formed heavy metal band I Am I with him as lead singer. They have released 1 studio album called _Event Horizon_.

He was recently hired by Riot Games as the voice of Karthus in the fictional metal band Pentakill. This was for the songs "Deathfire Grasp" and "Last Whisper".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: ZP Theart
- **img**: ZP Theart.jpg
- **img capt**: ZP Theart performing at Ozzfest 2006
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Clanwilliam, Western Cape, Clanwilliam, South Africa
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, power metal, speed metal
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 1999–_present_
- **label**: Sanctuary Records, Sanctuary, Noise Records (Germany), Noise, Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
- **associated acts**: I Am I (band), I Am I, DragonForce, Tank (band), Tank Shadow Warriors (band), Shadow Warriors, Pentakill
The Road to Serfdom

***The Road to Serfdom*** is a book written by the Austrian-born economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek (1899–1992) between 1940 and 1943.

In the book he warned of the danger of tyranny which comes from "government control of economic decision-making by central planning". He means the way fascist, communist and socialist governments try to control every aspect of the economy.

The rights and wishes of the individual are important, and the state should not interfere too much. When the state controls too much, that leads to a loss of freedom, an oppressive society, and eventually the tyranny of a dictator. The individual citizen becomes a serf. Hayek argued that fascism and socialism had roots in central economic planning and giving the state power over the individual.

After its publication in 1944, _The Road to Serfdom_ became a popular account of market libertarianism. It has sold over two million copies.

_The Road to Serfdom_ was to be a popular edition of the second volume of Hayek’s _The Abuse and Decline of Reason_. The title was inspired by the writings of the 19th century French classical liberal Alexis de Tocqueville on the "road to servitude".<sup>p116</sup> The book was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944, during World War II, and was quite popular. Hayek called it "that unobtainable book", due to wartime paper rationing.<sup>p128</sup>

It was published in the United States by the University of Chicago Press in September 1944 and became popular. The American magazine _Reader's Digest_ published an abridged version of 20 pages in April 1945. Several milliion copies of this edition were printed. A 95-page abridged version was also published in 1945 and 1946. In February 1945, a picture-book version was published in _Look_ magazine, later made into a pamphlet and distributed by General Motors.

This got _The Road to Serfdom_ to a wider group of readers than before. The book had a big impact on twentieth-century conservative and libertarian economic and political thinking. It is often cited today by commentators.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Road to Serfdom
- **image**: The-Road-to-Serfdom-First-Edition1.jpg
- **caption**: cover, 1944
- **author**: Friedrich Hayek
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **subject**: Politics
- **media type**: Print
- **pages**: 266
- **isbn**: 0-226-32061-8
- **dewey**: 338.9 20
- **congress**: HD82 .H38 1994
- **oclc**: 30733740
Attack (band)

**Attack** was a pop group in Huddinge in Sweden, active between 1980-1985, scoring chart successes in Sweden during the early 1980s.

### 1980-1982

- Åke Eriksson
- Rosa Körberg
- Björn Uhr
- Peter P.J Jägerhult

### 1983-1985

- Åke Eriksson
- Rosa Körberg
- Björn Uhr
- Fille Lindström

### 1992-1999

- Åke Eriksson
- Rosa Körberg
- Björn Uhr
- Peter P.J Jägerhult

### 2000-2005

- Åke Eriksson
- Rosa Körberg
- Björn Uhr
- Carl Gornitzki

### Album

- 1980 - _Vampyrrock_
- 1981 - _Rätt stuk_
- 1982 - _Full fart Framåt_

### Singles

- 1980 - "Du får inte komma i kväll/Vill du ha, kom å ta'"
- 1981 - "Kompaktmannen/Jag vill inte ner i källaren"
- 1981 - "Ooa hela natten/Kom fram"
- 1982 - "Trasnochando (Ooa hela natten)/Adelante (Kom fram)"
- 1982 - "Ooin in the Moonlight/Ooin in the Moonlight (instrumental version)"
- 1982 - "Tokyo / Tung metall"
- 1982 - "Dag och natt/Grönt ljus"
- 1982 - "Helt rätt/Dr. Kildahr"

## Other websites

- Attack

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Attack
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Huddinge Municipality, Huddinge, Sweden
- **years active**: 1980-1985, 1992
Angel (Swedish band)

**Angel** was a group from Degerfors in Sweden, breaking through with their 1991 chart success _Sommaren i city_.

## Members

- Linda Jansson (now Dahl) - vocals, keyboard
- Jessica Larsson (now Wagnsson) - bass
- Maria Zaring (now Skaug) - guitar
- Linda Gustavsson - drums

The girls came from Degerfors and Karlskoga.

In 1992, the band released the album _Äventyr i natten_, and participated at Melodifestivalen 1992 with the songs _Venus Butterfly_. Originally, Anna Åkesson was the vocalist. Linda Jansson later was one of three cowriters of the song _När vindarna viskar mitt namn_, which won Melodifestivalen 2000, performed by Roger Pontare.

## Later appearances

On 2 Augusti 2007, the band appeared during the Stockholm Pride schlager evening, performing the songs "Sommaren i city" and "Venus Butterfly". A "Sommarkrysset" appearance, aired over TV4, was done on 25 August 2007.

### Albums

- Äventyr i natten - 1992

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Angel
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Degerfors, Sweden
- **years active**: early 1990s
- **past members**: Linda Jansson, Jessica Larsson, Maria Zaring, Linda Gustavsson, Anna Åkesson
Imerio Massignan

**Imerio Massignan** (January 2, 1937 – May 3, 2024) was an Italian professional cyclist. He was born in Altavilla Vicentina.

## Career

His first professional race was the Giro d'Italia in 1959. He finished 5th overall. He did well in the Giro d'Italia for six years. His best finish was 2nd overall in 1962.

At the Tour de France he won the Polka dot jersey for best climber in 1960 and 1961. In 1961 he also finished 4th overall. Later in 1961 he came second in the Giro di Lombardia.

Massignan retired in 1969. He died in Novi Ligure, Italy on 3 May 2024, at the age of 87.

## Palmarès

- 1959
- Giro d'Italia:
    - 5th place overall classification
- 1960
- Tour de France
    - Mountains classification
    - 10th place overall classification
- Giro d'Italia:
    - 4th place overall classification
- 1961
- Tour de France:
    - Winner Mountains classification
    - Winner stage 16
    - 4th place overall classification
- 1962
- Tour de France:
    - 7th place overall classification
- Giro d'Italia:
    - 2nd place overall classification
- Lavis
- 1963
- Giro d'Italia:
    - 7th place overall classification
- 1965
- Giro d'Italia:
    - 9th place overall classification

## Other websites

- Official Tour de France results for Imerio Massignan

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Imerio Massignan
- **image**: Imerio Massignan 1966.jpg
- **fullname**: Imerio Massignan
- **birth place**: Valmarana di Altavilla Vicentina, Italy
- **death place**: Novi Ligure, Italy
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **ridertype**: Climber
- **majorwins**: 1960 Tour de France King of the Mountains
1961 Tour de France King of the Mountains
Stand Up and Scream

***Stand Up and Scream*** was the debut album of the English metalcore band Asking Alexandria. It was released on 15 September 2009 through Sumerian Records. The album came number 170 on the Billboard 200, number 29 on Top Independent albums and number 5 on Heatseekers.

## Band Members

- Danny Worsnop - lead vocals, keyboards, piano, synthesizers, programming
- Ben Bruce - lead guitar, backing vocals, vocals on track 8 and 9, programming
- Cameron Liddell - rhythm guitar
- Sam Bettley - bass guitar
- James Cassells - drums
Magnum Bonum

**Magnum Bonum** was a pop group from Huddinge in Sweden, scoring several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970's and 80's. Famous songs are _Skateboard_ (_LA Run_), _Marie_, _Lover Boy_, _Vi vill ha mer_, _Hög hatt_ and _Digital panik_.

## Other websites

- Officiell webbplats

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Magnum Bonum
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Huddinge Municipality, Huddinge, Sweden
- **years active**: 1970's-80's
Børre Knudsen

**Børre Knudsen** (September 24, 1937 – August 17, 2014) was a Norwegian Lutheran minister. He was known for his pro-life (against abortion) activism. Knudsen and a few more activists created a new Norwegian church called Deanery of Strandebarm. He was made the bishop of the church in 1997. Knudsen was born in Vennesla, Norway.

Knudsen died in Mestervik, Norway, aged 76.
Australian Mist

The **Australian Mist** (first named the **Spotted Mist**) is a breed of cat. The breed began in Australia, in 1976.  Burmese cats, Abyssinian cats and other short-haired cats were mated to make a short-haired cat with a spotted coat. In 1998, the name was changed to "Australian Mist", when cats with marbled coats became part of the breed.

## Appearance

Australian Mists are medium-sized short-haired cats.  They have large eyes and a short coat of fur. They do not need much brushing because they do not lose much hair. Their coat has three types of markings. First is their background solid color. It is paler than their pattern, which is spotted like a tabby. Their legs and tail have rings or stripes. Their face and neck also have lines of color. The accepted colors are blue, chocolate, lilac, cinnamon and fawn.

## Behavior

Australian Mists are okay with being picked up and held.  They do not scratch much. When they are kittens, they have a lot of energy. As adults, they settle down to be quiet cats.  They make good indoor cats. Some can be trained to go for walks with a collar and a leash.

## Infobox (catbreed)

- **name**: Australian Mist
- **image**: Australian Mist.jpg
- **imagecaption**: A Blue Spotted Australian Mist female
- **altname**: Spotted Mist
- **country**: Australia
- **ticastd**: https://tica.org/phocadownload/aum.pdf
- **gccfstd**: https://www.gccfcats.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AustralianMistSOP.Template.pdf
- **otherstd**: [http://www.australianmist.info/files/AustralianMistStandard.pdf WNCA]
Sophie Masloff

**Sophie Masloff** (December 23, 1917 – August 17, 2014) was an American politician. She was a long-time member of the Democratic Party and civil servant. She was elected to the Pittsburgh City Council and later served as the mayor of Pittsburgh from 1988 to 1994. She was the first woman and the first Jew to hold that office.

Masloff died on August 17, 2014, at the Center for Compassionate Care in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, aged 96.

## Other websites

- Where Is The Next Generation of Pittsburgh Characters

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sophie Masloff
- **order**: 56th Mayor of Pittsburgh
- **term start**: May 6, 1988
- **term end**: January 3, 1994
- **predecessor**: Richard Caliguiri
- **successor**: Thomas J. Murphy Jr., Tom Murphy
- **office2**: President of the Pittsburgh City Council
- **term start2**: January 4, 1988
- **term end2**: May 6, 1988
- **predecessor2**: Ben Woods
- **successor2**: Ben Woods <small>(Acting)</small>
- **office3**: Member of the Pittsburgh City Council
- **term start3**: April 27, 1976
- **term end3**: May 6, 1988
- **predecessor3**: Amy Ballinger
- **successor3**: Duane Darkins
- **birth date**: December 23, 1917
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democratic
- **spouse**: Jack Masloff
m. 1939–1991 (his death)
- **footnotes**: a.As the Council's President Pro Tempore, Woods declared himself Acting Council President following Masloff's ascension to the office of Mayor.
Windowing system

A **windowing system** is a computing term. It refers to a way a computer operating system (OS) displays computer programs on a computer screen. It is a type of graphical user interface (GUI) using windows, menus, and a pointer. Microsoft Windows is a popular OS that uses a windowing system. Each window is an independent part of the screen and typically holds a program or dialog box.