juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Waco siege

The **Waco siege** was the siege of a compound belonging to the Branch Davidians, carried out by American federal and Texas state law enforcement, as well as the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993.

The Branch Davidians were led by David Koresh and were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in the community of Axtell, Texas, 13 miles (21 kilometers) east-northeast of Waco.

The incident began when the ATF attempted to raid the ranch. An intense gun battle erupted, resulting in the deaths of four government agents and six Branch Davidians. Upon the ATF's failure to raid the compound, a siege lasting 51 days was initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Eventually, the FBI launched an assault and initiated a tear gas attack in an attempt to force the Branch Davidians out of the ranch. During the attack, a fire engulfed Mount Carmel Center. In total, 76 people died, including David Koresh.

## Infobox (civil conflict)

- **title**: Waco siege
- **image**: Mountcarmelfire04-19-93-o.jpg
- **caption**: The Mount Carmel Center the explosion during the raid engulfed in flames on April 19, 1993
- **date**: February 28 –
- **place**: Mount Carmel Center, thirteen miles from Waco, Texas, U.S.
- **causes**: Suspected weapons violations
- **goals**: * The ATF attempted to serve search and arrest warrants.
* The FBI attempted to end ensuing siege.
- **result**: * Four ATF agents and six Branch Davidians killed in initial raid
* A 51-day siege ensued, ending with an FBI assault during which the compound burned down, killing 76 people inside including David Koresh. Eleven people who left the compound were arrested.
- **side1**: *  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
*  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
 Texas Ranger Division
- **side2**: Branch Davidians
- **leadfigures1**: Janet Reno
 Jeff Jamar
 Richard Rogers
- **leadfigures2**: David Koresh
 Steven Schneider
 Wayne Martin
- **casualties1**: 4 ATF agents killed, 16 wounded
- **casualties2**: 6 killed on February 28
76 killed on April 19
**Total: 82 killed**
- **map type**: Texas
- **map label**: Mount Carmel Center
- **howmany1**: Hundreds of ATF and FBI agents.
- **howmany2**: Unknown number of armed adult Branch Davidians (approx. 80-132)
Lockport, New York

**Lockport** is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 20,876 at the 2020 census. It is so named from a set of Erie Canal locks (Lock Numbers 34 and 35) within the city. Lockport is the county seat of Niagara County. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.
George Peabody

**George Peabody** ( ; February 18, 1795 – November 4, 1869) was an American financier and philanthropist. He was widely thought as the father of modern philanthropy. He founded the Peabody Trust in Britain and the Peabody Institute and George Peabody Library in Baltimore.

Peabody was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and made a Freeman of the City of London, among many other honors. He was given a funeral and temporary grave in Westminster Abbey.

## Other websites

- Phillips Library , Peabody Essex Museum. Repository of 145 linear feet of Peabody's business and personal papers.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: George Peabody
- **image**: George Peabody by Southworth & Hawes c1850.jpg
- **caption**: George Peabody
- **birth place**: Peabody, Massachusetts, South Parish, Danvers, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: London, England, U.K.
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **resting place**: Harmony Grove Cemetery, Salem, Massachusetts
- **occupation**: Financier, banker, entrepreneur
- **parents**: Thomas Peabody and Judith Dodge
Torque converter

A **torque converter**, or torque multiplier, is a device for multiplying torque. It is widely used in transmission systems for road and rail vehicles with internal combustion engines.

## Operation

The diagram shows a hydraulic torque converter.  It contains two turbines and a stator.
- Green = pump turbine, turned by the engine
- Blue = stator
- Yellow = driven turbine, connected to the wheels of the vehicle
- Red = direction of flow of the hydraulic fluid

The driven turbine can deliver high torque at low speed.  As the vehicle accelerates, the speed goes up and the torque goes down.  This happens automatically, so there is no need for the driver to change gear.
Bill Hendon

**William Martin Hendon** (November 9, 1944 – June 20, 2018) was an American author, activist, and politician. He was born in Asheville, North Carolina. He served as a two-term Republican U.S. representative from North Carolina's 11th District.

Hendon died on June 20, 2018 under hospice carer in Forest City, North Carolina after suffering from Parkinson's disease at the age of 73.

## Other websites

- Biography, The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- A Finding Aid to Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, The National Archives, compiled 1996
Forest City, North Carolina

**Forest City,** formerly known as "Burnt Chimney," is a town in Rutherford County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 7,377 as of the 2020 census, making it the largest municipality in Rutherford County.
Frank Heart

**Frank Evans Heart** (May 15, 1929 – June 24, 2018) was an American computer engineer. He was born in New York City, but was raised in Yonkers, New York. Heart designed the first routing computer for the ARPANET, the predecessor to the Internet. In 2014, Heart was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame.

Heart died of melanoma on June 24, 2018 in Lexington, Massachusetts at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Internet Hall of Fame bio
- A History of Computer Communications: 1968-1988
Ljubuški

**Ljubuški** is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the West Herzegovina Canton, a unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

### Ljubuški Municipality

|colspan ="7"|**Municipality**|||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background: #F5DEB3"|**Year**|style="background: #C2B280"|**2013**|style="background: #C2B280"|**1991**|style="background: #C2B280"|**1981**|style="background: #C2B280"|**1971**|
|**Croats**|27.271 (96.76%)|26.127 (92.19%)|25.334 (91.77%)|26.198 (92.67%)||||||
|**Bosniaks**|707 (2.51%)|1.592 (5,61%)|1.498 (5.42%)|1.812 (6.40%)||||||
|**Serbs**|41 (0.15%)|65 (0.22%)|83 (0.30%)|118 (0.41%)||||||
|**Yugoslavs**||227 (0.80%)|515 (1.86%)|49 (0.17%)||||||
|**Others**|165 (0.59%)|329 (1.16%)|173 (0.62%)|92 (0.32%)||||||
|style="background: #F5DEB3"|**Total**|**28.184**|**28.340**|**27.603**|**28.269**|||||

### Ljubuški populated place

|colspan ="7"|**Ljubuški**|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background: #F5DEB3"|**Year**|style="background: #C2B280"|**1991**|style="background: #C2B280"|**1981**|style="background: #C2B280"|**1971**|
|**Croats**|2.658 (63.31%)|2.164 (58.48%)|1.328 (47.36%)|||||
|**Moslems**|1.174 (27.96%)|1.037 (28.02%)|1.308 (46.64%)|||||
|**Serbs**|53 (1.26%)|51 (1.37%)|88 (3.13%)|||||
|**Yugoslavs**|180 (4.28%)|413 (11.16%)|43 (1.53%)|||||
|**Others**|133 (3.16%)|35 (0.94%)|37 (1.31%)|||||
|style="background: #F5DEB3"|**Total**|**4.198**|**3.700**|**2.804**||||

## Other websites

- Ljubuški official webpage
- www.ljubuski.info
- www.ljubusaci.com
- www.ljubuski.com

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ljubuški
- **native name**: Љубушки
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Town and Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, municipality
- **image flag**: Zastava Ljubuski.JPG
- **image shield**: Coat of arms (Ljubuski).jpg
- **image map**: BiH municipality location Ljubuški.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Ljubuški in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **pushpin map**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Entity
- **subdivision name1**: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **subdivision type2**: Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canton
- **subdivision name2**: West Herzegovina Canton, West Herzegovina
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Nevenko Barbarić
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 292.7
- **area land km2**: 292.7
- **area water km2**: 0
- **population as of**: 2013
- **population total**: 29,521
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Post code
- **postal code**: 88320
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code
- **area code**: +387 039
Blockchain

A **blockchain** (or **block chain**) is a series of digital entries, which cannot be easily changed once they are created. It is commonly used in cryptocurrency. It is how digital transactions are recorded and verified. This is done by using several concepts from cryptography, including digital signatures and hash functions. In very basic terms, a blockchain combines the following two ideas:

1. Given some data, it is easy to calculate a checksum over the data. Special hash functions can be designed to calculate this checksum. These functions can be designed to return a value that always has the same length, which is not dependent on the length of the input. This value is called _hash value_, or _message digest_. The functions also have another property: Given the same input, they must return the same output (hash value/message digest).
1. In addition to the hash values, a block usually also has a timestamp, and some payload. Each block uses a digital signature, which allows detecting any change in the data since the signature was made. When new blocks of data are created, the newly created block will also have the hash value of the previous block.

In most cases, a blockchain is managed by a peer-to-peer network. All peers use a common protocol that specifies how they should communicate with each other, how a new block is created and validated. Once recorded, the data in any given block cannot be changed easily any more. Changing the block means all the blocks after it need to be changed as well. Depending on the protocol, this will require a majority of the peers, or even all the peers, to agree.

Blockchains are secure by design. Blockchain technology is used where keeping a correct record is important. Use cases include medical records, identity management, food traceability, gaming and voting.

Blockchain was invented by Stuart Haber and Scott Stornetta in 1991 as a means to assure the integrity of digital records. Haber and Stornetta launched the world's first commercial blockchain; Surety in 1995.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto included as references 3 and 4 of Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System, the two papers by Haber and Stornetta   to serve as the public transaction ledger of the cryptocurrency bitcoin.  Because of its blockchain, bitcoin became the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server.  The bitcoin design has inspired other applications.
Supreme Court of India

The **Supreme Court of India** is the highest court of India under the Indian Constitution. It provides justice to people, protects the fundamental rights of citizens, decides on cases involving federal disputes and protects the Constitution of India.
Fabian strategy

The **Fabian strategy** is a military strategy in which one side avoids the other and avoids pitched battles and frontal assaults.

The object is to wear down the opponent by a "war of attrition" and to harass the enemy by skirmishes to weaken it, disrupt its supply and affect its morale.

The strategy is employed by a side that believes that time is on its side, but it may also be adopted when no other strategy is possible.
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines

**Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

Coal mines were operating in the village until 1849.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Sainte Croix-aux-Mines 374.JPG
- **caption**: The church in Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Colmar-Ribeauvillé
- **canton**: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
- **insee**: 68294
- **postal code**: 68160
- **mayor**: Agnès Henrichs
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Val d'Argent
- **elevation m**: 316
- **elevation min m**: 290
- **elevation max m**: 980
- **area km2**: 27.85
- **population**: 2079
- **population date**: 2006
Pattensen

**Pattensen** is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about  south of Hanover.

Pattensen is twinned with Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf in France.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **wappen**: DEU Pattensen COA.png
- **lageplan**: Pattensen in H.svg
- **bundesland**: Lower Saxony
- **landkreis**: Hanover
- **höhe**: 63
- **fläche**: 67
- **einwohner**: 14667
- **stand**: 2006-01-01
- **plz**: 30982
- **vorwahl**: 05066, 05069, 05101, 05102
- **kfz**: H
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 2 41 013
- **bürgermeister**: Ramona Schumann
- **partei**: SPD
Jagjivan Ram

**Jagjivan Ram** (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), mostly known as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar. He was instrumental in starting the All-India Depressed Classes League, an organisation dedicated to attaining equality for untouchables in 1935. He was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937 after which he organised the rural labour movement.
Andrey Dementyev

**Andrey Dmitriyevich Dementyev** (; July 16, 1928 in Tver  – June 26, 2018 in Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet poet, a laureate of Lenin’s Young Communist League Award (1981), a USSR State Prize (1985), and Bunin Prize (2007). In October 1993, he signed the Letter of Forty-Two.

Dementyev died on June 16, 2018 in Moscow from prostate cancer, aged 89.

## Other websites

- Andrey Dementyev, Peoples.ru
- Online Encyclopedia 'Krugosvet'
- Andrey Dementyev poetry at Stihipoeta.ru
Grade (slope)

- _For other uses see:_ Gradient (disambiguation)

The **grade** (or gradient) of a road or railway line is a measure of its steepness. It may be expressed as a percentage or in other ways.  For example, a gradient of 1% may also be expressed as 1 in 100.  This means that the road rises or falls by 1 metre for every 100 metres of forward travel.
Henri Namphy

**Henri Namphy** (November 2, 1932 in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti – June 26, 2018) was a Haitian general and politician. He served as President of Haiti's interim ruling body, the National Council of Government, from February 7, 1986 to February 7, 1988. He served again as President of Haiti from June 20, 1988 until his deposition on September 17, 1988 in the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état.
Prosper Avril

**Matthieu Prosper Avril** (born December 12, 1937) is a Haitian politician. He was President of Haiti from 1988 to 1990. Avril led the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état against a transition military government installed after Jean-Claude Duvalier's 1986 overthrow.

Avril was president until March 1990. He was arrested under human rights violation in 2001, but released in March 2004 after the 2004 Haitian coup d'état overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Prosper Avril
- **office**: List of heads of state of Haiti, 36th President of Haiti
- **term start**: September 17, 1988
- **term end**: March 10, 1990
- **predecessor**: Henri Namphy
- **successor**: Hérard Abraham
- **office2**: List of commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti
- **president2**: _Himself_
- **term start2**: September 19, 1988
- **term end2**: March 10, 1990
- **predecessor2**: Carl-Michel Nicholas
- **successor2**: Herard Abraham
- **office3**: Member of the Provisional Government of Haiti
- **president3**: Henri Namphy
- **term start3**: February 7, 1987
- **term end3**: March 21, 1987
- **birth name**: Matthieu Prosper Avril
- **birth place**: Thomazeau, Haiti
- **nationality**: Haitian
- **spouse**: Marie-Ange Nazon
Jovenel Moïse

**Jovenel Moïse** (26 June 1968 – 7 July 2021) was a Haitian politician. He served as the 42nd President of Haiti from February 2017 until his death. In 2019, political unrest and calls for his resignation became a crisis.

## Death

Moïse was shot to death at his home while sleeping in Pétion-Ville, Haiti on 7 July 2021. His wife, Martine was also shot but she survived. He was shot with 12 bullets in his chest, arms, right leg, and left hip, and had a shattered left eye.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jovenel Moïse
- **office**: 42nd President of Haiti
- **image**: File:Jovenel Moise.jpg
- **predecessor**: Jocelerme Privert
- **primeminister**: Enex Jean-Charles
Jack Guy Lafontant
Joseph Jouthe
- **successor**: Claude Joseph
- **party**: Haitian Tèt Kale Party, Tèt Kale Party
- **birth place**: Trou-du-Nord, Haiti
- **death place**: Pétion-Ville, Haiti
- **death cause**: Assassination of Jovenel Moïse, Gunshot wounds
- **nationality**: Haitian
- **alma mater**: Quisqueya University
- **term start**: 7 February 2017
- **term end**: 7 July 2021
Vladimir Andreyevich Uspensky

**Vladimir A. Uspensky** (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Успе́нский; 27 November 1930 – 27 June 2018) was a Russian mathematician, linguist, writer, doctor of physics and mathematics (1964). He was born in Moscow. He was the author of numerous papers on mathematical logic and linguistics. In addition, he also penned a number of memoir essays. He led linguistic reform in Russian education.

Uspensky died in Moscow of heart failure on 27 June 2018, aged 87.

## Other websites

- Mathematics Genealogy Project entry
- MSU home page
- Dynkin Collection entry with video interviews
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

**Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez** (; born October 13, 1989), also known by her initials as **AOC**, is an American politician and activist. She became the U.S. Representative for New York's 14th congressional district in 2019. This includes the eastern part of the Bronx and parts of north-central Queens in New York City. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Ocasio-Cortez won the Democratic Party's primary election on June 26, 2018, when she beat Democratic Caucus Chair Joe Crowley. Her victory was a surprise and many saw it as an upset victory. In November 2018, she would go on to win the general election. She beat Republican nominee Anthony Pappas.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
- **image**: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Official Portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2019
- **state**: New York (state), New York
- **term start**: January 3, 2019
- **predecessor**: Joe Crowley
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York City, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **otherparty**: Democratic Socialists of America
Working Families Party
- **partner**: Riley Roberts (–present; engaged)
- **education**: Boston University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **signature**: AOC signature.png
- **nickname**: "AOC"
- **occupation**: Politician, activist
Cambrian Railways

The **Cambrian Railways** owned  of track over a large area of mid-Wales. The system was made from a number of earlier railways. The Cambrian connected with two of the larger railways to give connections to England. These were:
- London and North Western Railway for connections to North West England
- Great Western Railway for connections to London

The Cambrian Railways amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922 as a result of the Railways Act 1921. The name is continued today in the route known as the Cambrian Line.
London and North Western Railway

The **London and North Western Railway** (LNWR) was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century the LNWR was the largest joint stock company in the world. The LNWR was formed in 1846 by a merger of the Grand Junction Railway, the London & Birmingham Railway and the Manchester & Birmingham Railway. The London terminus was at Euston railway station

In 1923, the LNWR became a part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) under the Railways Act 1921. In 1948, it became the London Midland Region of British Railways. The LNWR may be seen as an ancestor of today's West Coast Main Line.
David Berkowitz

**David Richard Berkowitz** (born **Richard David Falco**; June 1, 1953), known also as the **Son of Sam** and the **.44 Caliber Killer**, is an American serial killer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Berkowitz pleaded guilty to eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976. The crimes were done with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver. He killed six people and wounded nine others by July 1977. On the night of August 10, 1977, Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building.

Berkowitz has been incarcerated since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences.

The Spike Lee drama _Summer of Sam_ was released in 1999 with actor Michael Badalucco in the role of Son of Sam.

## Other websites

- Arise and Shine, official website
Gary Ridgway

**Gary Leon Ridgway** (born February 18, 1949), also known as the **Green River Killer**, is an American serial killer. He was convicted of 48 separate murders. As part of his plea bargain, an additional conviction was added, bringing the total number of convictions to 49, making him the most prolific serial killer in United States history according to confirmed murders. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Ridgway murdered many women and girls in the state of Washington during the 1980s and 1990s. He would mainly kill runaways or prostitutes and would strangle his victims.

On November 30, 2001, as Ridgway was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton, Washington, he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence.

## Other websites

- A copy of Ridgway's infamous letter to the press (PDF)
Donn Moomaw

**Donn Dement Moomaw** (October 15, 1931 – February 10, 2025) was an American football player and Presbyterian minister. He was born in Santa Ana, California. In the 1950s, he played for Toronto Argonauts and for Ottawa Rough Riders. He was also a member of the California State Board of Education from 1968 to 1972.

## Football career

Moomaw played for UCLA as the center and linebacker for the team. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973.

In 1953, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams. However, he did not play in the NFL, noting that he did not want to play football on Sundays. Moomaw signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League since they did not play on Sundays.

## Ministry career

Moomaw later became a Presbyterian minister, most notably serving Los Angeles' Bel Air Presbyterian Church as pastor from 1964 to 1993. He became friends with California Governor Ronald Reagan and wife Nancy.  Moomaw later gave the invocation and benediction at Reagan's 1981 presidential inauguration and 1985 presidential inauguration.

In 1993, he was forced to resign from the ministry as a result of "sexual contact" with five women.

## Death

Moomaw died on February 10, 2025 in Pasadena, California at the age of 93.
Bruce Davison

**Bruce Davison** (born June 28, 1946) is an American actor and director. Davison is well known for his starring roles in the horror movie _Willard_ (1971), _Longtime Companion_ (1989) and in the X-Men movie franchise – through _X-Men_ (2000) and _X2_ (2003) as Senator Robert Kelly.

Davison won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in _Longtime Companion_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bruce Davison
- **image**: Bruce Davison 52nd Annual Publicists Awards - Feb 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Davison at the 52nd Annual Publicists Awards in February 2015
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor, director
- **alma mater**: Pennsylvania State University, Penn State
Tisch School of the Arts
- **years active**: 1968–present
- **spouse**: Jess Walton (1972–1973; annulled)
Lisa Pelikan (1986–2006; 1 child)
Michele Correy (2006–present; 1 child)
- **children**: Ethan Davison (b. 1996)
Sophia Lucinda Davison (b. 2006)
Daniel Pilon

**Daniel Pilon** (November 13, 1940 – June 26, 2018) was a Canadian-born actor. He was known for his role in _Dallas_ as Naldo Marchetta. Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec.

In addition to _Dallas_, he has appeared in daytime soap operas such as _Ryan's Hope_, _Guiding Light_ and _Days of Our Lives_. He also starred as Donn Moomaw in _The Reagans_ and as Senator Rutledge in _Shoot 'Em Up_.

Pilon was also considered for the role of James Bond twice, in 1968 and in 1984.

Pilon died on June 26, 2018 from cancer at a Montreal hospital at the age of 77.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Daniel Pilon
- **birth date**: 13 November 1940
- **occupation**: Actor
- **known for**: Naldo Marchetta in the film Dallas
Fountain Hill, Arkansas

**Fountain Hill** is a town in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 108 at the 2020 census. Fountain Hill is located at  (33.355421, -91.851173).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Fountain Hill, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:Ashley County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Fountain Hill Highlighted 0524670.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Fountain Hill in Ashley County, Arkansas.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: Ashley County, Arkansas, Ashley
- **area total km2**: 1.47
- **area total sq mi**: 0.57
- **area land km2**: 1.47
- **area land sq mi**: 0.57
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 190
- **elevation m**: 58
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 108
- **population density km2**: 73.46
- **population density sq mi**: 190.14
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 71642
- **area code**: Area code 870, 870
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-24670
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0076957
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location

***Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location***, or simply ***Sister Location***, is a survival horror video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the fifth installment of the main series of the game franchise _Five Nights at Freddy's_. The game was released on October 7, 2016. Throughout the game, the player interacts with a new cast of animatronic characters, central to which is an animatronic named Circus Baby.

In addition, _Sister Location_ is the first core game in the series to feature professional voice acting and an original soundtrack.

The game received mixed to positive reviews from critics, praising the voice acting, soundtrack, and humor, while criticizing its plot inconsistencies and still-departure from the previous titles' gameplay.
Abbas Alizada

**Abbas Alizada** known as **Bruce Lee of Afghanistan** is an amateur athlete in Kung-fu and Wushu in Afghanistan.
Alizada became the favorite of the social networking sites of Afghanistan, due to apparent similarity to Bruce Lee.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abbas Alizada

- **caption**: Abbas Alizada
- **birth name**: Abbas
- **birth place**: Afghanistan
- **nationality**: Afghanistan
FNaF World

***FNaF World*** is an indie based role-playing game (RPG) produced by Scott Cawthon. It was a spin-off of the popular horror video game series, 'Five Nights at Freddy's'. _FNaF World_ was released on January 21, 2016 for Microsoft Windows and first announced on the gaming website/software Steam on September 15, 2015. The game was taken off of Steam because Scott Cawthon was not happy with the negative reviews and ratings it had received, although the game wasn't necessarily hated. It was republished to the Gamejolt Website after being updated, and it is still available today as a free-to-play title.
Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator

***Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator*** is a point-and-click survival horror video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the sixth official main installment of the _Five Nights at Freddy's_ game series. The game was released on December 4, 2017 for free on Steam and Gamejolt.

_Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator_ received mostly positive reviews. GameCrate called it the "best value in gaming right now".
Scott Cawthon

**Scott Braden Cawthon** (born June 4, 1978) is an American video game designer, developer, animator, and writer. He is best known as the creator of the _Five Nights at Freddy's_ game franchise which began in 2014.

## Career

Cawthon has also created other games, such as _Chipper & Son's Lumber Co._, _The Desolate Hope_, and _There is No Pause Button!,_ as well as Christian-based animations such as _A Christmas Journey_ and _The Pilgrim's Progress_. He used Autodesk 3ds Max and Clickteam Fusion 2.5 to develop _Five Nights at Freddy's_ and most of his other games.

## Works

In 2015, Cawthon released his first novel, _Five Nights at Freddy's: The Silver Eyes_. On June 24, 2016, Cawthon announced that he had made a 3-book deal with Scholastic and that the first book (_The Silver Eyes_) would be re-printed on paperback in October that year, with the second and third being released in 2017 and 2018.

Cawthon produced the _Five Nights at Freddy’s_ movies with Blumhouse Productions.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Scott Cawthon
- **birth name**: Scott Braden Cawthon
- **nationality**: American people, American
- **alma mater**: The Art Institute of Houston
- **occupation**: Video game designer, animator, writer
- **years active**: 1994-present
- **notable works**: _Five Nights at Freddy's_
- **children**: 6
Midland Railway

The **Midland Railway** (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844 to 1922. It had a large network of lines managed from its headquarters in Derby. It became the third-largest railway undertaking in the British Isles after the Great Western Railway and the London and North Western Railway.

The company was formed in 1844 by the merger of the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway, and the Birmingham & Derby Junction Railway. The Birmingham & Gloucester Railway joined two years later. The earlier systems met at Derby railway station. The MR established its locomotive works, and later its carriage and wagon works, at Derby.

In 1923, the MR became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway under the Railways Act 1921.
Salado, Texas

**Salado** ( ) is a village in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population of the village was 2,394 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Killeen, Texas

**Killeen** is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. According to the 2020 census, its population was 153,095, making it the 19th-most populous city in Texas.
Temple, Texas

**Temple** is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States.  As of 2020 the city has a population of 82,073 according to the US census. It is near the county seat of Belton, Texas. It is located off Interstate 35, Temple is  north of Austin and  south of Waco.
Belton, Texas

**Belton** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Killeen-Temple metropolitan area. The city is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and Waco. It is the seat of Bell County.

The population was 23,054 at the 2020 census. As of 2020 the metro region had a population of 475,367.
Clio, Alabama

**Clio** is a city in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. The population was 1,220 at the 2020 census.

It is the birthplace of former Governor George C. Wallace.
Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)

The **Great Northern Railway (GNR)** was a British railway company established in 1846. The main line ran from London King's Cross station via Hitchin, Peterborough, and Grantham, to York. There was a loop line from Peterborough to Bawtry (south of Doncaster) via Boston and Lincoln. There were also branch lines to Sheffield and Wakefield. On 1 January 1923 the company became a part of the London and North Eastern Railway. Today, the GNR main line forms part of the East Coast Main Line.
North Eastern Railway (UK)

The **North Eastern Railway** (**NER**) was a British railway company.  It was incorporated in 1854 by the combination of several existing railway companies. In 1923, it was merged with other railways to form the London and North Eastern Railway under the Railways Act 1921.  The NER main line survives today as part of the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh.
George Steiner

**Francis George Steiner**, FBA (April 23, 1929 – February 3, 2020) was a French-born American literary critic, essayist, philosopher, novelist, and educator. He wrote about the relationship between language, literature and society, and the impact of the Holocaust.

Steiner died on February 3, 2020 at his home in Cambridge at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- George Steiner at ContemporaryWriters.com.
- George and his dragons. _The Guardian_, March 17, 2001.
- A traveller in the realm of the mind. Interview with George Steiner, _The Times_, September 22, 1997.
- _Grammars of Creation_ . Full text of Steiner's 2001 lecture.
- "Between Repulsion and Attraction: George Steiner's Post-Holocaust Fiction" . _Jewish Social Studies_, 1999.
- "George Steiner's Jewish Problem" . _Azure: Ideas for the Jewish Nation_.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: George Steiner
- **image**: George Steiner 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: George Steiner speaking at The Nexus Institute, The Netherlands, 2013
- **birth name**: Francis George Steiner
- **birth place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **death place**: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
- **occupation**: Author, essayist, Literary criticism, literary critic, professor
- **nationality**: French, American
- **period**: 1960–2020
- **genre**: History, literature, literary fiction
- **notableworks**: _After Babel_ (1975)
- **spouse**: Zara Shakow Steiner
- **children**: David, Deborah
- **awards**: The Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism, Truman Capote Lifetime Achievement Award (1998)
Naagin

**Nagin** may refer to:

## Entertainment

- _Nagin_ (1954 movie), a Bollywood movie
- _Nagin_ (1976 film), a Bollywood movie
- _Nagin_ (2010 movie) (also called _Hisss_), a Jennifer Lynch movie
- _Naagin_ (TV series), a 2015 Indian television series on Colors TV
- _Ikchhapyaari Naagin_ on Sab TV in 2016
- _Naagin_ (Geo Kahani) on Geo Kahani in 2017

## People with the surname

- Daniel Nagin (born 1948), American criminologist
- Ray Nagin (born 1956), mayor of New Orleans
Meadowbank Stadium

**Meadowbank Stadium** (Meadowbank Sports Centre) is a multi-purpose sports facility in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was originally built to host the 1970 Commonwealth Games. It also hosted the Games in 1986, the first venue to host the Games twice.

The stadium is the home ground of Scottish Football League team Meadowbank Thistle. The Meadowbank complex also hosts Leith Athletic, who play on the Meadowbank artificial pitch next to the main stadium. Meadowbank Stadium was also used for rugby union as the home venue of Edinburgh Rugby between 2002 and 2004.

As of 2017, the stadium is being redeveloped.
Knight's tour

A **knight's tour** is a set of moves of a knight on a chessboard. The knight visits every square only once. If the knight ends on a square that is one knight's move from the beginning square (so that it could tour the board again immediately, following the same path), the tour is _closed_, otherwise it is _open_.

The **knight's tour problem** is the mathematical problem of finding a knight's tour. Making a program to find a knight's tour is a common problem given to computer science students. Variations of the knight's tour problem involve chessboards of different sizes than the usual , as well as irregular (non-rectangular) boards.
Derby railway station

**Derby railway station**, also known as **Derby Midland**, is a main line station serving the city of Derby in England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Trains. The station is also used by CrossCountry services and one daily Northern service.

It lies  north of London St Pancras. It is situated to the south-east of Derby city centre, and is close to the west bank of the River Derwent.
Northern (train operating company)

**Northern**, was the trading name of **Arriva Rail North**. It was a train operating company in Northern England. It was a subsidiary of Arriva UK Trains. It operated the Northern franchise from 1 April 2016 to February 2020 and inherited trains from the previous operator Northern Rail.
Great Central Railway

The **Great Central Railway** (GCR) of England was created in 1897 when the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway changed its name. In 1899, the GCR opened its London Extension to a new terminus at Marylebone station.

On 1 January 1923, the company became part of the London and North Eastern Railway under the Railways Act 1921.
London and South Western Railway

The **London and South Western Railway** (LSWR) was a railway company in England from 1838 to 1922.  It started as the London and Southampton Railway from Waterloo station to Southampton.
Later, the network extended to Plymouth via Salisbury and Exeter. There were branches to Ilfracombe and Padstow. Beyond  Southampton there were branches to Bournemouth and Weymouth. The LSWR also had many routes connecting towns in Hampshire and Berkshire, including Portsmouth and Reading.

In the grouping of railways in 1923 the LSWR joined with other railways to create the Southern Railway.
Epitaph

An **epitaph** is a short text honouring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it is text that is carved on a tombstone or plaque. Usually it gives the person’s name and dates of birth and death. Some epitaphs say what the person did, and other things. Some people write their own epitaphs before they die.

## Related pages

- Eulogy
John Napier

**John Napier** (he also signed as Neper, and Nepair) 1550 – 4 April 1617)  was a Scottish landowner,  nicknamed "Marvellous Merchiston". He was a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His Latinized name was **Ioannes Neper**.

John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms and Napier's constant.  He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: John Napier
- **image**: John_Napier.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: John Napier (1550–1617)
- **birth date**: 1550
- **birth place**: Merchiston Castle, Merchiston Tower, Edinburgh,
Scotland
- **death place**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **nationality**: Scotland, Scottish
- **field**: Mathematician
- **alma mater**: University of St Andrews
- **known for**: Logarithms
Napier's bones
decimal point, Decimal notation
- **influenced**: Henry Briggs (mathematician), Henry Briggs
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway

The **London, Brighton and South Coast Railway** (**LBSCR** was a railway company in England from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a rough triangle, with London at its apex, most of the coastline of Sussex as its base, and a large part of Surrey.  The LBSCR had the most direct routes from London to the south coast seaside resorts of Brighton, Eastbourne, Worthing, Littlehampton and Bognor Regis, and to the ports of Newhaven and Shoreham-by-Sea. It served the inland towns/cities of Chichester, Horsham, East Grinstead and Lewes, and jointly served Croydon, Tunbridge Wells, Dorking and Guildford. At the London end was a complicated suburban and outer-suburban network of lines emanating from London Bridge and Victoria, and shared interests in two cross-London lines.

The LBSCR was formed by a merger of five companies in 1846. On 1 January 1923, it became part of the Southern Railway under the  Railways Act 1921.
Shoreham-by-Sea

**Shoreham-by-Sea** (often shortened to **Shoreham**) is a seaside town and port in West Sussex, England. The town is bordered to its north by the South Downs, to its west by the Adur Valley and to its south by the River Adur and Shoreham Beach on the English Channel. The town lies in the middle of the ribbon of urban development along the English south coast. It is about half-way between  Brighton and Hove to the east and Worthing to the west. Shoreham covers an area of  and has a population of 20,547 (2011 census).

## _Famous people born in Shoreham-by-Sea_

***Leo Sayer-***English-born, Australian singer, famous for a number of hits mainly during the 1970s and early 1980s.
South Eastern Railway (UK)

The **South Eastern Railway** (SER) was a railway company in south-eastern England from 1836 to 1922. The company was formed to construct a route from London to Dover. Branch lines were later opened to Tunbridge Wells, Hastings, Canterbury and other places in Kent. The SER absorbed or leased other railways, including the London and Greenwich Railway and the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway. Most of the company's routes were in Kent, eastern Sussex and the London suburbs. There was also a long cross-country route from Redhill, Surrey to Reading, Berkshire.

## Early history

Much of the company's early history saw attempts at expansion.  This sometimes led to feuds with its neighbours, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) in the west and the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) to the north-east. However, in 1899 the SER agreed with the LCDR to share operation of the two railways and work them as a single system, marketed as the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. Receipts were pooled but it was not a full amalgamation. The SER and LCDR remained separate companies until they became constituents of the Southern Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.
William Oughtred

**William Oughtred**  5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660) was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman.

John Napier invented logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales. Oughtred was the first to use two such scales. He slid one next to another to do direct multiplication and division. He is credited with inventing the slide rule in about 1622.

He also introduced the "×" multiplication sign and the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: William Oughtred
- **image**: Wenceslas Hollar - William Oughtred.jpg
- **caption**: William Oughtred (1574-1660). Engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar.
- **birth place**: Eton, Berkshire, Eton, Buckinghamshire, England
- **death place**: Albury, Surrey, Albury, Surrey, England
- **nationality**: England, English
- **field**: Mathematician
- **work institutions**: King's College, Cambridge
- **education**: Eton College
- **alma mater**: King's College, Cambridge
- **notable students**: John Wallis
Christopher Wren
Richard Delamain
Seth Ward (bishop), Seth Ward
- **known for**: Slide rule
multiplication "×" sign
London, Chatham and Dover Railway

The **London, Chatham and Dover Railway** (**LCDR**) was a railway company in south-eastern England (registered 1 August 1859).  It was previously called the East Kent Railway.

Its lines ran through London and northern and eastern Kent to form a part of the Greater London commuter network. The railway was always in a difficult financial situation. It went bankrupt in 1867 but was able to continue to operate. Many of the difficulties were caused by competition and duplication of services with the South Eastern Railway (SER). However, in 1898 the LCDR agreed with the SER to share the operation of the two railways and work them as a single system under the name South Eastern and Chatham Railway. Receipts were pooled but it was not a full amalgamation.

The SER and LCDR remained separate companies until they became part of the Southern Railway on 1 January 1923  (Railways Act 1921).
South Eastern and Chatham Railway

The **South Eastern and Chatham Railway** (**SECR**), was a working union of two neighbouring railways, the South Eastern Railway (SER) and London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR), which operated between London and south east England. Between 1899 and 1923, the SECR had a monopoly of railway services in Kent and to the main Channel ports for ferries to France and Belgium. In 1923, the SECR became a part of the Southern Railway under the Railways Act 1921.
Caledonian Railway

The **Caledonian Railway** (CR) was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century to form a link between English railways and Glasgow. It steadily extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen. It also had a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. Many of its main routes are still used. The original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is now part of the West Coast Main Line.
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway

The **Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway** (L&YR) was a major British railway company before the 1923 Grouping. It was created in 1847 by joining the Manchester and Leeds Railway and a number of smaller railway companies. It was the third largest railway system based in Northern England. Only the Midland Railway and the North Eastern Railway were bigger.

It was the first mainline railway to introduce electrification of some of its lines. It also ran steamboat services across the Irish Sea and North Sea. It was a bigger shipowner than any other British railway company.

It amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922. One year later, the merged company became the largest constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway under the Railways Act 1921.

## Related pages

- LYR electric units
Aintree

**Aintree**  is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England. It was historically in Lancashire. It lies between Walton and Maghull on the A59 road. It is about  north-east of Liverpool city centre, in North West England.

It is best known as the site of Aintree Racecourse, which since the 19th century has staged the Grand National horserace. During the 1950s and 1960s, there was also a three-mile-long international Grand Prix motor racing circuit on the site, which used the same grandstands as the horserace. A shorter form of the racing circuit is still used for various motorsport events.
Stanley Anderson

**Stanley Anderson** (October 23, 1939 – June 24, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Billings, Montana. He appeared in _Deceived_, _RoboCop 3_ and _The Pelican Brief_. He was known for starring as Drew Carey's father in _The Drew Carey Show_. He also starred in _Seinfeld_ and in _Spider-Man_.

Anderson died on June 24, 2018 from brain cancer at the age of 78.