juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Out in the Street

"**Out in the Street**" is a 1980 song by Bruce Springsteen. It is the seventh track from his fifth studio album _The River_. It was one of the last songs recorded for the album and has been played in live concerts.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Out in the Street
- **artist**: Bruce Springsteen
- **album**: The River (Bruce Springsteen album), The River
- **released**: October 1980
- **recorded**: Between March and May 1980
- **studio**: Power Station (recording studio), Power Station, New York City
- **length**: 4:17
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Bruce Springsteen
- **producer**: *Jon Landau
*Bruce Springsteen
*Steven Van Zandt
Six Ribbons

"**Six Ribbons**" is a 1978 song by Australian singers Jon English and Mario Millo. It was taken from the soundtrack _Against the Wind_. It went to number 5 in Australia, number 1 in Norway, number 3 in New Zealand and number 4 in Sweden. It was covered by The Ten Tenors in 2017.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Six Ribbons
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Jon English and Mario Millo
- **album**: Against the Wind (Soundtrack), Against the Wind
- **a-side**: Six Ribbons
- **b-side**: Mary's Theme
- **released**: 1978
- **genre**: Pop rock, Soft rock, Folk music, folk, Country music, country
- **length**: 3:15
- **label**: Polydor Records / Frituna
- **writer**: Jon English
- **producer**: Jon English, Mario Millo
- **chronology**: Jon English
- **prev title**: Nights in Paradise
- **prev year**: 1978
- **next title**: Get Your Love Right
- **next year**: 1979
European Female

"**European Female**" is a 1982 song by The Stranglers and is the leading single from their seventh studio album _Feline_. It went to number 9 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The album track full title is "The European Female (In Celebration Of)"

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: European Female
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Stranglers
- **album**: Feline (The Stranglers album), Feline
- **b-side**: Savage Breast
- **released**: 1982
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **producer**: The Stranglers
- **prev title**: Strange Little Girl
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: Midnight Summer Dream
- **next year**: 1983
Siege of Detroit

The **siege of Detroit** took place from August 15–16, 1812, during the War of 1812 and Tecumseh's War. During the siege, Major General Isaac Brock and Shawnee leader Tecumseh along with his allies both led an attack on Fort Shelby in Detroit, Michigan Territory. Brock and Tecumseh defeated the American army and took control of the Fort and town of Detroit after U.S. Brigadier General William Hull surrendered.

Brock and Tecumseh had an army of 330 regulars and 400 militia, along with 600 Natives, 5 field guns and 2 ships. Hull had an army of 2,500 and 1 brig.

The victory at Fort Shelby helped motivate Upper Canada during the war. Brock was viewed as a hero in Upper Canada and was knighted for the victory, while Tecumseh gained more influence over the confederation of Indians.

A song titled "The Bold Canadian" was written by Cornelius Flummerfelt, a private in Third York Militia's First Flank Company in celebration of the capture. A bronze statue of Brock and Tecumseh was erected in the Sandwich Towne neighborhood of Windsor, Ontario.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Siege of Detroit
- **partof**: War of 1812 and Tecumseh's War
- **image**: Reddition de Détroit.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: The _Surrender of Detroit_, by J.C.H. Forster
- **date**: August 15–16, 1812
()
- **place**: Detroit, Michigan Territory
- **result**: British-Indian victory
- **combatant1**:
Upper Canada
Tecumseh's Confederacy
- **commander1**: Isaac Brock
Tecumseh
- **commander2**: William Hull
- **strength1**: 330 regulars
400 Canadian militia, militia
600 Natives
5 field guns
2 ships
- **strength2**: 2,500
1 brig
- **casualties1**: 2 wounded
- **casualties2**: 7 killed
2,493 captured
1 brig captured
National Citizen Party

The **National Citizen Party** (**NCP**) () is a political party in Bangladesh, officially established on 28 February 2025. It emerged from the student-led movement **"Students Against Discrimination"** and the **National Citizen Committee**, both of which played a crucial role in recent political transformations in Bangladesh.

### Formation and background

In July 2024, widespread student-led protests against Prime Minister **Sheikh Hasina’s** government led to her resignation. The protests, spearheaded by **Students Against Discrimination**, were a response to allegations of political corruption, suppression of opposition, and undemocratic governance. Following the success of the movement, the **National Citizen Committee** was formed to develop a roadmap for political reform.

On 28 February 2025, members of these groups formally launched the **National Citizen Party (NCP)**, aiming to introduce a new political system in Bangladesh.

## Ideology and objectives

The **National Citizen Party** advocates for:

- A new **democratic constitution** to replace the current system.
- An end to the **two-party dominance** of Awami League and BNP.
- Governance prioritizing **youth leadership and citizen participation**.
- Transparent policies for **economic and social reforms**.

The party aims to position itself as an alternative to Bangladesh’s traditional political entities, with a focus on democracy and inclusivity.

"Not Pro-India Not Pro-Pakistan
Only Pro-Bangladesh"

## Leadership and organization

- **Nahid Islam**, a 26-year-old former student activist, serves as the **chief convener** of the party.
- **Akhtar Hossain** serves as the **general secretary**.
- The party is managed by a **151-member national committee**, comprising regional organizers and representatives from various sectors.

## Future plans

The NCP has announced plans to:

- Apply for registration with the **Election Commission of Bangladesh**.
- Contest upcoming **national elections**.
- Advocate for a **constitutional assembly** to draft a new **democratic charter**.

The party has gained substantial support among Bangladesh’s youth and civil society, who feel alienated from traditional politics. NCP leaders believe their movement can reshape Bangladesh’s governance and establish a more just and accountable political system.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: National Citizen Party
- **native name**: জাতীয় নাগরিক পার্টি
- **logo**: National Citizen Party Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **colorcode**: #008000
- **foundation**: 28 February 2025
- **ideology**: * Big tent
* Reformism
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-Mujibism
- **headquarters**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **abbreviation**: NCP
- **leader1 title**: Chief Convener
- **leader1 name**: Nahid Islam
- **leader2 title**: Member Secretary
- **leader2 name**: Akhtar Hossain
- **seats1 title**: Jatiya Sangsad
Battle of Queenston Heights

The **Battle of Queenston Heights** took place on 13 October 1812, during the War of 1812. It was the first major battle in the war.

During the battle, U.S. Major General Stephen Van Rensselaer led an attack on Major General Isaac Brock and Canadians in Queenston in Upper Canada (current-day Ontario). Before winter arrived, the Americans made an attempt to gain territory on the Canadian side of the Niagara River. The Americans greatly outnumbered the British, Canadian and native forces but still failed. The British won the battle but Major General Brock and Lieutenant Colonel John Macdonnell were killed in action. After Brock was killed, Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe took over command of the army. The battle finally ended when the British forces and Mohawk warriors pushed the Americans back to Durham's Farm and Lieutenant Colonel Winfield Scott surrendered.

The British and natives had an army of 1,366. The Americans had an army of 3,550. On the British side, there were 21 killed, 85 wounded, and 22 captured.On the American side, there were from 60 to 100 killed, 80 wounded and 955 captured (90 wounded).

A 56-metre column called Brock's Monument was erected in Queenston Heights in Queenston, Ontario to honour Brock, Macdonell, and the fallen British soldiers. On June 19, 1968, the Queenston Heights site was designated as a National Historic Sites of Canada.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Queenston Heights
- **partof**: War of 1812
- **image**: Push on, brave York volunteers(large).jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: _Death of General Brock at the Battle of Queenston Heights_ by John David Kelly (artist), John David Kelly
- **date**: 13 October 1812
()
- **place**: Queenston, Upper Canada (now Ontario)
- **result**: British victory
- **combatant1**:
Upper Canada
- **commander1**: Isaac Brock

John Macdonell
- **commander2**:
 Winfield Scott
 William Wadsworth (officer), William Wadsworth
- **strength1**: 1,366
- **strength2**: 3,550
- **casualties1**: 21 killed
85 wounded
22 captured
- **casualties2**: 60–100 killed
80 wounded
955 captured (90 wounded)
Fort Simple

**Fort Simple** was a fort built in Topeka, Kansas, because of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's Missouri Raid in 1864. Topeka became the capital of Kansas in 1861, but there were no defenses against guerrilla fighters. The Lawrence Massacre in 1863 didn’t lead to building a fort, although plans were made in July 1864.

## History

On October 8, 1864, Gov. Thomas Carney called the state militia to defend Kansas. The 2nd Regiment from Shawnee County went to Missouri, and 292 men stayed to guard Topeka with a cannon. The home regiment, led by Maj. Andrew Stark, built a fence at 6th and Kansas Avenues with trenches on the east side of town. The fence was later called Fort Simple. It had a clear view of the surroundings and the temporary State Capitol was nearby. The fort was round and made of logs. It had a flagpole, a cannon port on each side and a wooden gate. There was no roof. The home battalion guarded Topeka while the 2nd Regiment fought Price's men. On October 23, news came that Union forces lost at the Battle of Westport, causing panic. However, Price was defeated. Fort Simple was used until the Civil War's end. In 1867, it was torn down, and a bronze tablet was laid to honor it in 1929 but removed in 1995.
Strange Little Girl

"**Strange Little Girl**" is a 1982 song by The Stranglers and was taken from their greatest hits compilation album _The Collection 1977-1982_ and went to number 7 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listing

1. Side A – "Strange Little Girl" – 2:40
1. Side B – "Cruel Garden" – 2:21

It was covered by Tori Amos for her 2001 album _Strange Little Girls_ and was only released in Germany.

### Track listing

**German single**

1. "Strange Little Girl" – 3:50
1. "After All" – 4:42
1. "Only Women Bleed" – 3:34

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Strange Little Girl
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Stranglers
- **album**: The Collection 1977–1982
- **b-side**: Cruel Garden
- **released**: 9 July 1982 <small>(United Kingdom, UK)</small>
- **genre**: Psychedelic pop
- **length**: 2:40
- **label**: Liberty Records, Liberty
 <small>BP 412</small>
- **writer**: Dave Greenfield, Hans Wärmling, Hugh Cornwell, J.J. Burnel, Jet Black
- **producer**: The Stranglers, Steve Churchyard
- **prev title**: La Folie (song), La Folie
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: European Female
- **next year**: 1983


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Strange Little Girl
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Tori Amos
- **album**: Strange Little Girls
- **b-side**: "After All" "Only Women Bleed"
- **released**: 9 October 2001
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:50
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: Tori Amos
- **prev title**: Concertina (song), Concertina
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: A Sorta Fairytale
- **next year**: 2002
Rama Bama Koli

The **Rama Bama Koli** was Koli rebel leader of Jungle Satyagraha in Chirner village of Raigad district of Bombay state (Now Maharashtra), British India. Koli rebelled against British rule because of the imposition of Jungle act by government in 1930.

## Early life

Rama Bama Koli was born in 1910 in Mothi Jui village, near Chirner village, in Raigad district, Maharashtra, British India. Hailing from a farming Koli family, his early education only went up to the 4th standard in Marathi Medium.

## Satyagraha

Rama Bama Koli started the Jungle Satyagraha in Chirner Jungle on 25 September 1930. He assembled the thousands of Satyagrahis armed with axes on Akka Devi mountain. Rama Bama Koli and other Satyagrahis were resisted by British troops and some of the Satyagrahis were arrested by Inspector Ramchandra Daulat Patil and Magistrate Keshav Mahadev Joshi which occurred the enrage in rebels. After that, Under the leadership of Koli, Satyagrahis attacked at troops woth axes, stones and sticks and British troops open fired on rebels. In this fight, Rama Bama Koli and some other rebels struck down by police gunfire.

## Tributes

- In Chirner village of Maharashtra, a statue of Rama Bama Koli stands as a tribute to bravery and sacrifice of Koli in Martyr's memorial.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rama Bama Koli
- **image**: File:Rama Bama Koli.jpg
- **caption**: Hutatma Samarak Chirner, Raigad, Maharashtra, India, Asia
- **native name**: रामा बामा कोळी
- **native name lang**: Mr
- **other names**: રામા બામાં કોલી
- **birth name**: Rama Koli
- **birth date**: 1910
- **birth place**: Chirner village, Raigad district, Bombay State, British India
- **death place**: 25 September, 1930
- **death cause**: Shoot to dead by British troops
- **monuments**: Martyr's memorial,  Chirner, Raigad, Maharashtra, India, Asia
- **education**: 4th standard in Marathi medium
- **occupation**: Agriculturist
- **years active**: 1930
- **era**: British era
- **known for**: Chirner Jungle Satyagraha, 1930
- **movement**: Chirner Jungle Satyagraha of 1930
- **opponents**: British government
- **partner**: *धाकू गवत्या फोफेरकर
*नाग्या महादू कातकरी
*केशव महादेव जोशी
*हेरी नारायण दवटे
*नारायण धोंडू कदम
*आनंदा माया पाटील
*परशुराम रामा पाटील
*परशुराम रामा पाटील
*रघुनाथ मोरेश्वर न्हावी (शिंदे)
*हसुराम बुधाजी घरत
*जयराम बाबाजी सावंत
*काशिनाथ जनार्दन शेवडे
*आलू बेमटया म्हात्रे
- **father**: Bamaji Koli
Cowboys Don't Shoot Straight (Like They Used To)

"**Cowboys Don't Shoot Straight (Like They Used To)**" is a 1981 song by country singer Tammy Wynette and is the leading single from her 22nd studio album _You Brought Me Back_. It went to number 21 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and number 36 on the Canadian RPM Country Singles charts.

## Track listing

- 7" vinyl single
- "Cowboys Don't Shoot Straight (Like They Used To)" – 2:54
- "You Brought Me Back" – 4:00

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Cowboys Don't Shoot Straight (Like They Used To)
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Tammy Wynette
- **album**: You Brought Me Back
- **b-side**: "You Brought Me Back"
- **studio**: Moman's Recording Studio
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **length**: 2:54
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **producer**: Chips Moman
- **prev title**: Starting Over (Tammy Wynette song), Starting Over
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: Crying in the Rain
- **next year**: 1981
Dick Dastardly and Muttley

**Dick Dastardly** and **Muttley** is a fictional duo character and antagonists who they appeared in many animated series by Hanna-Barbera Productions from 1968 onward.

## Overview

Dastardly and Muttley's most famous appearances are as a main characters in the series _Wacky Races_ and its spin-off, _Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines_ where he and Muttley appeared as a good guys. He and Muttley appeared as the main villains in the Warner Bros.' 2020 _Scooby-Doo_ CGI animated film _Scoob!_. He is partly based on the English actor Terry-Thomas.

## Portrayals

Dick Dastardly was voiced by Paul Winchell before being replaced by Jim Cummings, Peter Woodward, Rob Paulsen, Jason Isaacs, Tom Kenny, and Eric Bauza.

Muttley was first voiced by Don Messick before being replaced by Billy West.

### Television series

- Yogi's Treasure Hunt
- Fender Bender 500
- Yo Yogi!
- Wacky Races (2017)
- Jellystone!

### Films

- _Scoob!_ (2020) -- (Main role)
- _Space Jam: A New Legacy_ (2021)
Vicente Madrigal National High School

**Vicente Madrigal National High School** is a public high school in Binangonan, Rizal, Philippines.  The school is named in honor of the late Philippine Senator Vicente Madrigal.

Established in 1992 as _Vicente Madrigal Municipal High School_, it was elevated to a National High School status on May 25, 1995.
Battle of Crysler's Farm

The **Battle of Crysler's Farm** took place on 11 November 1813, during the War of 1812. During the battle, U.S. Major General James Wilkinson and Brigadier General John Parker Boyd led an attack on Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Wanton Morrison and Commander William Mulcaster along the banks of the banks of the St. Lawrence River in Morrisburg, Dundas County, Upper Canada (now Morrisburg, Ontario, Canada). The Americans wanted to try and capture Montreal. The Americans greatly outnumbered the British, Canadian and native forces but still failed. The British won the battle when the Americans suffered heavy losses and retreated. U.S. Brigadier General Leonard Covington was killed in action during the battle. They never attempted to capture Montreal again after. The name of the battle was taken from the location of a farm owned by Captain John Crysler, an officer in the Dundas County Militia.

The British, Canadians and natives had an army of 800. The Americans had an army of 8,000, the largest force they used to try and invade British North America.

On the British side, there were 31 killed, 148 wounded, and 13 missing. On the American side, there were from 102 killed, 237 wounded, 120 captured, and an unknown amount of people missing.

A monument was erected on September 25, 1895 by the Canadian Department of Militia and Defence to honour the fallen British and Canadian soldiers. On January 30, 1920, the Crysler's Farm site was designated as a National Historic Sites of Canada.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Crysler's Farm
- **partof**: War of 1812
- **image**: Battle of Crysler's Farm.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: _Battle of Crysler's Farm_ by Adam Sheriff Scott
- **date**: 11 November 1813
- **place**: Morrisburg, Ontario, Morrisburg, Dundas County, Ontario, Dundas County, Upper Canada (now Morrisburg, Ontario, Morrisburg, Ontario, Canada)
- **result**: British victory
- **combatant1**:
Upper Canada
- **commander1**: Joseph Wanton Morrison, Joseph Morrison
 William Mulcaster
- **commander2**: James Wilkinson
 John Parker Boyd, John Boyd
 Leonard Covington
- **strength1**: 800
- **strength2**: 8,000
- **casualties1**: 31 killed
148 wounded
13 missing
- **casualties2**: 102 killed
237 wounded
120 captured
Unknown missing
Supersonic Rocket Ship

"**Supersonic Rocket Ship**" is a 1972 song by British band The Kinks and was taken from their eleventh studio album _Everybody's in Show-Biz_. It went to number 16 in the United Kingdom and number 111 in the United States. It was a minor hit along with _Celluloid Heroes_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Supersonic Rocket Ship
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Kinks
- **album**: Everybody's in Show-Biz
- **b-side**: "You Don't Know My Name" <small>(Dave Davies)</small>
- **released**: 5 May 1972 (UK)
September 1972 (US)
- **recorded**: March 1972 at Morgan Studios, Willesden, London
- **genre**: * Rock music, Rock
* Calypso music, calypso
- **length**: 3:32
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA 2211 (UK), 74-0807 (US)
- **writer**: Ray Davies
- **producer**: Ray Davies
- **prev title**: 20th Century Man
- **prev year**: 1971
- **next title**: Celluloid Heroes
- **next year**: 1972
Owain Owain

**Owain Owain** (11 December 1929 – 19 December 1993) was a Welsh novelist and poet. He worked as a nuclear scientist at Windscale, and was member of Mensa International.

He published novels about science fiction. Theese works include _The Last Day_ (Y Dydd Olaf), that explores the concept of technological dominance over humanity.

Owain died on 19 December 1993 at the age of 64.

## Infobox (writer)

- **birth name**: Owain Owain
- **image**: Owain Owain Traeth Coch circa 1966 01.jpg
- **birth place**: Pwllheli, Wales (United Kingdom)
- **death place**: Pwllheli
- **occupation**: Author, poet, playwright
- **nationality**: Welsh
- **genre**: Drama, Novel, poetry
- **subject**: Science fiction
- **alma mater**: Bangor University
Battle of Hudson's Bay

The **Battle of Hudson's Bay** took place on 5 September 1697, during the Nine Years' War and King William's War. During the battle, French Captain Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville led a naval attack on Captain John Fletcher and his English forces off the shores of York Factory, Hudson Bay, Rupert's Land (now Manitoba, Canada). The French wanted to try and destroy the York Factory. The French won the battle when the English surrendered the York Factory fort on 13 September 1697. It was the largest naval conflict to ever have been fought off of northeastern Canada.

During the battle, d'Iberville strategically used tactics to make it seem that he had an invading army on his side. In reality, much of his crew were either sick or wounded. The trick worked and they continued to attack the British until they surrendered the fort.
By using smoke screens and spreading his sharpshooters out wide, d'Iberville created the illusion of an invading army. In fact, his men were mostly sick and wounded. The bombardment continued for several days, until the company surrendered.

Diberville's _Le Pélican_ ship was sunk by artillery during the battle and Fletcher's _Hampshire_ exploded and sank. Neither d'Iberville nor Fletcher were killed during the battle.

In 2013, an expedition team started a search between the Hayes River and Hudson Bay to try and find the sunken _Pélican_ and the _Hampshire_ ships.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Hudson's Bay
- **partof**: King William's War
- **image**: The Sinking of the Pelican.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: _The Sinking of the Pélican_ by Bacqueville de la Potherie
- **date**: 5 September 1697
- **place**: off York Factory, Hudson Bay, Rupert's Land (now Manitoba, Canada)
- **result**: French victory
- **commander1**: Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Sieur d'Iberville
- **commander2**: John Fletcher
- **strength1**: 1 ship
- **strength2**: 1 ship
2 frigates
- **casualties1**: 1 ship scuttled
- **casualties2**: 1 ship destroyed
1 frigate captured
The Last Day

***The Last Day*** is a novel by Owain Owain. The book was oeiginally written in Welsh in 1967-1968. It was published in 1976. It was reprinted until the definitive version in 2021. It was also published in Cornish (2020), English (2024) and Polish (2025).

## Themes

The primary theme explores the concept of technological dominance over humanity. This topic has become relevant lastly, as the capacity of artificial intelligence continues to expand exponentially year by year.

Other scientific themes include the development of complete diet pellets that can provide all necessary nutrition, the creation of clones, neutral-gendered humans, and the exploration of transhumanism.

## Other websites

- _Y Dydd Olaf_ written by Owain Owain original text.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Last Day
- **title orig**: Y Dydd Olaf
- **author**: Owain Owain
- **country**: Wales
- **language**: Welsh
- **genre**: Science caprion novel
- **pub date**: 1976
- **media type**: Print
Subsistence Principle

the **Subsistence Principle** is one of the Three Principles of the People (Nationalism, Democracy and **Subsistence**) created by Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925).

The objective of the Subsistence is end the class struggle without deaths, promote a mixed socialist economy and reach the "social and economic justice" (Equality in the economic and the society).

The Subsistence do not support the communism and the marxism.

### Mixed Economy

For Sun, the mixed economy is fundamental in for the socioeconomic justice.

The tridemist state, need to balance between the planned economy and the market economy. Sun considered that in this way, because with the people's party in government, social classes could be easily regulated with the land redistribution, to control over the monopoly of private properties and the means of production without apply a communist state or killing peoples.

Currently, Taiwan and Singapore, nations under a tridemist government, have regulations on land and property, usually breaking up or limiting large monopolies.

In China, the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, formulated by Deng Xiaoping, comes very close to Sun's original idea of building a balanced economy.

## Related pages

- Communist Party of China
- Nationalist Party of China
- Three Principles of the People
- Socialism
- Anti-communism

## Additional Bibliography

- Meng-Pu, Wei. _The Kuomintang in China: Its Fabric and Future_ . (1940) _Pacific Affairs_ (1): 30–44. ISSN 0030-851X.
- Jonathan Fenby. _Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek and the China he lost._ (2003). ISBN 0743231449
- Ching-yao, Yin . _The Bitter Struggle between the KMT and the CCP_ . (1981) _Asian Survey_ (6): 622–631. ISSN 0004-4687
Last Name

"**Last Name**" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her second studio album, _Carnival Ride_ (2007).

## Music video

The music video for "Last Name" was directed by Roman White.

It premiered on CMT on May 9, 2008.

The video debuted at number 3 on CMT's _Top 20 Countdown_ for the week of May 16, 2008.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's _Top Twenty Countdown_ for seven consecutive weeks.
Silesauridae

**Silesauridae** was a family of non-dinosaur dinosauriforms during the Triassic period. They are now extinct.

The Silesauridae family is often viewed as the sister group of dinosaurs and a clade of non-dinosaur dinosauriforms.  However, some research has proposed that most silesaurids were either a paraphyletic grade or an early diverging clade of ornithischian dinosaurs.

Silesaurids had a relatively long neck and legs, and probably had quadrupedal behaviors. They filled a range of ecological niches. Early silesaurids like Lewisuchus were carnivorous. Later species like Kwanasaurus could also eat plants.  Some silesaurids may have also been insectivores, eating tiny beetles and other arthropods.

Silesaurids filled a range of ecological niches.
Federal intervention

**Federal intervention** () is a power attributed to the federal government of Argentina, by which it takes control of a province in certain extreme cases. Intervention is declared by the President with the assent of the National Congress. Article 6 of the Argentine Constitution states:
> The federal government intervenes in the territory of the provinces to guarantee the republican form of government or to repel foreign invasions, and upon request of its authorities created to sustain or re-establish them, if they have been deposed by sedition or by the invasion of another province.
I Told You So

**"I Told You So"** is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I Told You So
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Randy Travis
- **album**: Always & Forever
- **b-side**: Good Intentions
- **released**: March 1988
- **recorded**: 1987
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **length**: 3:40
- **label**: Warner Records, Warner Bros. Nashville
- **writer**: Randy Travis
- **producer**: Kyle Lehning
- **prev title**: Too Gone Too Long
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: Honky Tonk Moon
- **next year**: 1988
Mary Mary

**Mary Mary**  is an American urban contemporary gospel duo composed of sisters Erica Campbell and Tina Campbell. They were founded in Inglewood, California. They were formed in 1998. Mary Mary was launched into mainstream recognition following the release of their best-selling debut album, Thankful (2000), which contained the hit singlea "Shackles (Praise You)" and "Can't Give up Now". They also have other hits including "God in Me".
Gendarme

**Gendarme** /.ZHän-darm./ (from French) is an armed policemen often found to be like a militia, located mostly in France or French-speaking countries. The name comes from the French title of "homme d'armes" (Man-at-arms), which was later made plural into "gens d'armes" (Men-at-arms).

From its earliest appearances in Medieval culture, the Gendarmes or Gendarme have been unlike police in the United States and similar countries. They are members of the Military, not civil servants; in other words, they are Military-Police.

Gendarme is a singular form of gens d'armes, which means "men-at-arms" in Old French.  The phrase, which was used from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era, described a noble-born, fully armored cavalryman who served mostly in the French army.  Only until the French Revolution, when the Ancien Régime's Maréchaussée was renamed the Gendarmerie, did the word imply police.
Aeta people

**Aeta** (Ayta  ), **Agta** and **Dumagat**, are collective terms for several indigenous peoples who live as _hunter-gatherers_ in various parts of Luzon in the Philippines. They are included in a wider Negrito grouping in the Philippines and the rest of Southeast Asia, with whom they share superficial common features, characterized by dark skin tones; short statures; frizzy to curly hair; and a higher frequency of naturally lighter hair colour (blondism) relative to the general population.

Aetas are thought to be among the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines — even before the Austronesian migrations. The modern Aeta populations are noted to have significant Austronesian admixture, and speak Austronesian languages.

## Etymology

The endonyms of most of the various Aeta peoples are derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian _*ʔa(R)ta_ (also reconstructed as _*qata_ or _*ʔata_)  meaning "[dark skinned] person." This is in contrast to the other terms for "person" in other Philippine (and Oceanian) groups derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian _*tau_ (e.g. Tagalog _tao_), which refers to lighter-skinned groups with majority Austronesian descent.

Lawrence A. Reid, the notable linguist, wrote that _*ʔa(R)ta_ may have originally been the Negrito word for "person" in Northern Luzon, but was adopted into Austronesian languages with the meaning of "dark-skinned person", after the arrival of Austronesian migrants to the Philippines from Formosa island.

### Demographics

In 2010, there were 50,236 Aeta people in the Philippines. The indigenous peoples of the Philippines such as the _Aeta_ are diverse groups of people who have preserved their traditional culture and practices, in areas isolated from mainstream society.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Aeta
- **image**: Young Negrito girl, Mariveles, 1901.JPG
- **caption**: Young Aeta girl from Bataan, year 1901
- **population**: 50,236
- **languages**: Negrito languages, Kapampangan language, Kapampangan, ilocano language, Ilocano, Filipino language, Filipino, Philippine English, English
- **religions**: Christianity, Animism, Anito, folk religions
- **related**: Batak people (Philippines), Batak, Manobo people, Manobo, Mamanwa people, Mamanwa; other Negrito
Flag of London

The **flag of London** is flag of the English area of London.

## Desing

The flag of the City of London is based on the flag of England, having a centred red St George's Cross on a white background, with the red sword in the upper hoist canton (the top left quarter). The sword is believed to represent the sword that beheaded Saint Paul, who is the patron saint of the city.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of City of London
- **image**: Flag of the City of London (2x1).svg
- **proportion**: 3:5
Mukhtasar al-Quduri

The ***Mukhtasar al-Quduri*** is a book summarising some Hanafi legal matters, written by Al-Quduri. The author originally referred to it as "Al-Kitab" (the book) in Arabic, but it is now widely known by followers as _Mukhtasar al-Quduri_. The book is summarised in sixty-three chapters, starting with the chapter of acts of worship (such as prayer) and ending with the obligatory acts. The book also shows what Hanafi scholar differed upon on legal matters for some issues.

## Reception

Al-Maydani said in _Al-Lubab:_ "The blessed book of Imam al-Quduri has spread its blessings to the point that it has become almost as essential as necessary knowledge. Therefore, students have devoted themselves to understanding it, teaching it, and have crowded to learn and teach it."
Flag of Harare

The **flag of Harare** It is colored white and the coat of arms in the center. The emblem has a diameter of three-quarters the width of the stripes. The ratio of the flag is 4:7.

## Desing

The Flag of Harare, contains the Zimbabwe Bird, the country's national symbol.

## Related pages

- Harare

## Infobox (national flag)

- **name**: Harare
- **image**: Flag of Harare.svg
- **image size**: 200px
- **use**: 100000
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **adoption**: April 18, 1982
- **design**: A horizontal Triband (flag), fimbriated tricolour of blue, yellow, red, yellow and blue. Upper stripe contains sun rays, middle section contains two tobacco leaves and bottom stripe has the Zimbabwe bird.
Nur al-Idah

***Nur al-Idah*** is a book written by Imam Shurunbulali (rh), and is considered one of the most famous and important Hanafi legal texts due to its comprehensive summary on matters related to worship. The book became well-known during the lifetime of the author, who later wrote an explaination called Maraqi al-Falah. The book covers topics such as purification, prayer, fasting, zakat, and pilgrimage.

## Infobox (book)

- **language**: Arabic
- **author**: Imam Shurunbulali
- **country**: Egypt
- **isbn**: 978-1520257693
Bidayat al-Abid

**Bidayat al-Abid** is a book on the legal code of the Hanbali school of thought in Sunni Islam, written by the scholar Shaykh Abd al-Rahṃ ān b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ba ʿli. The author is known for being one of the major scholars of the Hanbali school of thought, known for his precise wording and refinement of his writings. In the book, the author focused mainly on the chapter of worship in the Hanbali school, covering topics such as purification, prayer, funeral rites, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage, and finally, the chapter on jihad.

## Infobox (book)

- **author**: Shaykh Abd al-Rahṃ ān b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ba ʿli
- **language**: Arabic
- **genre**: Hanbali fiqh
- **isbn**: 978-0692960578
Mannophryne leonardoi

The **Turimiquire collared frog** (_Mannophryne leonardoi_) is a frog.  It lives in the Macizo del Turimiquire in northeastern Venezuela.

## Body

The adult female frog is 22.0-24.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult male frog is 19.5- 20.7 mm long. The male frog has yellow color on its chest and neck and the adult female frog has gray color on its chest and neck.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day and lives near streams on mountains. When the weather is rainy and there is water in the air, the frog can go far from the stream. This is when the frogs move from one stream to other streams. Scientists saw the frog between 156 and 1650 meters above sea level.
There are two protected places where the frog lives: Mochima National Park and Cueva del Guácharo National Park. Most of the rest of the place where the frog lives is in the Macizo de Turmiquire Protective Zone of Rivers, but this is not as protected as the national parks are.

## Young

The male frogs sit on rocks next to streams and call to the female frogs during the day. Scientists think the frog has young the same way as other frogs in _Mannophryne_: The female frog lays eggs near streams, and, after the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. Human beings change the places where it lives to make farms and places to raise animals. Human beings move streams to get water for farms. Bad chemicals from farms can also hurt this frog. Dams for electricity can also change the place where the frog lives.
Mondelez International

**Mondelez International** is a product making company that has bought and owned the rights to many food products; such as Oreo, Ritz, Chips Ahoy!, Cadbury, and etc. They are known to have made a business deal in 2018 with supermarket companies, such as Walmart and Target, for putting Oreo cookies in front of Hydrox cookies, which were revised as the "Original Oreo" being made before Oreo, as Oreo had copied off the cookies.

The National Dairy Products Corporation (National Dairy), established on December 10, 1923, by Edward E. Rieck and Thomas H. McInnerney, is the foundation of Mondelez International. The company was first established to implement a rollup strategy in the fragmented ice cream market of the United States.
Flag of Aa en Hunze

The **flag of Aa en Hunze** () has green field, with an all-encompassing yellow St. Andrew's Cross, coming from the flag corners; on the hoist side a yellow three-leafed lily crown. It was adopted 9 July, 1998.

The flag is based on the municipal coat of arms and consists of a green background with a yellow cross. A yellow lily crown is depicted on the left side of the flag.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Aa en Hunze
- **image**: Flag of Aa en Hunze.svg
- **proportion**: 2:4
Flag of San Juan de los Lagos

The **flag of San Juan de los Lagos** () It is colored blue and white and the coat of arms in the center. The emblem has a diameter of three-quarters the width of the stripes. The ratio of the flag is 4:7.

## Design and symbolism

The meaning of the colors of the flag are as follows:

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bright Blue|style = "background-color: #0096ff; color: #0096FF"||#0096FF|
|White|style = "background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #FFFFFF"||#FFFFFF|

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of San Juan de los Lagos
- **proportion**: 7:4
Lapland War

The **Lapland War**, was a conflict fought by Finland against Germany from September 1944 - April 1945 during the European theatre of World War II. Before this, Finland had been fighting with Germany against the Soviet Union in the Continuation War to regain land it lost after the Winter War. In June 1944, the Soviets started an offensive against the Finnish and German forces near the Finnish-Soviet border. In September, signed peace with the Soviets and declared war on Germany. The German forces in northern finland (Lapland) refused to leave and so the Finns were forced to expel the Germans out with deadly force. The Soviets also helped in north-eastern finland and the Finnish-Norwegian border. On 27 April 1945, the last German forces left finland and the war in Finland ended.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Lapland War
- **place**: Lapland (Finland), Lapland
- **partof**: The European theatre of World War II
- **date**: September 15 1944 - April 27 1945
(7 months, 1 week and 5 days)
- **result**: Finland, Finnish victory
- **combatant2**:
minor air support:

- **commander1**:  Lothar Rendulic
  Mathias Kräutler
  August Krakau
- **commander2**:  Hjalmar Siilasvuo
 Martti Miettinen
 Ruben Lagus
Ken Sim

**Kenneth Sim** (; born October 18, 1970) is a Canadian politician and businessman. He is the 40th and current mayor of Vancouver. He was elected on October 15, 2022. Sim is the first Mayor of Vancouver of Chinese Canadian descent.

He has a Bachelor of Commerce from the UBC Sauder School of Business.

Sim also ran for mayor under the Non-Partisan Association party in 2018 but came second to Kennedy Stewart. He left the party because he felt that it was shifting to the right.

During the election, Sim ran under the centre-right ABC Vancouver party. Sim took office on November 7, 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Worship
- **name**: Ken Sim
- **native name lang**: zh-Hant-HK
- **image**: Ken Sim - Collision 2024 (53799178757) (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Kenneth Sim
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **party**: ABC Vancouver (municipal)
- **otherparty**: Non-Partisan Association (2018)
- **residence**: Vancouver, British Columbia
- **alma mater**: University of British Columbia
- **office1**: 41st Mayor of Vancouver
- **term start1**: November 7, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician), Kennedy Stewart
- **spouse**: Teena Gupta
Gregor Robertson (politician)

**Gregor Angus Bethune Robertson** (born September 18, 1964) is a Canadian politician and businessman. He was the 39th mayor of Vancouver. He was elected on November 15, 2008.

He has attended both Colorado College and the University of British Columbia. He has a Bachelor of Arts in both English and Biology. Before becoming a politician, Robertson founded the Happy Planet juice company with Randal Ius and used to grow produce on his farm.

Robertson started his political career as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party representing Vancouver-Fairview. He resigned from LA on July 15, 2008 after becoming the nominee and mayoral candidate for Vision Vancouver in June 2008.

On November 15, 2008, Robertson was elected mayor by a solid margin and took office on December 8. During his time in office, Robertson oversaw the 2010 Winter Olympics and made Vancouver become the fastest-growing metropolitan economy in Canada.

In 2011, Robertson ran for re-election and won a landslide victory with all of Vision Vancouver candidates winning seats.
He was once again re-elected in 2014. In January 2018, he announced that he would not seek a fourth term in the next election.

On March 23, 2025, Robertson announced that he was returning to politics and was running in the Vancouver Fraserview—South Burnaby district as the candidate for the federal Liberal party in the 2025 Canadian federal election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Worship
- **name**: Gregor Robertson
- **image**: Gregor Robertson (2021).jpg
- **birth name**: Gregor Angus Bethune Robertson
- **birth place**: North Vancouver (city), North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **party**: Vision Vancouver
- **otherparty**: British Columbia New Democratic Party, New Democratic
- **residence**: Vancouver, British Columbia
- **office1**: 39th Mayor of Vancouver
- **term start1**: December 8, 2008
- **term end1**: November 5, 2018
- **predecessor1**: Sam Sullivan
- **successor1**: Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician), Kennedy Stewart
Helvig of Schleswig

**Helvig of Schleswig** (1320 — 1374) was the Queen of Denmark as spouse of Valdemar IV, from 1340 until her death in 1374.

## Issue

Helvig and Valdemar IV had at least six children;

|colspan=2|Name|colspan=2|Birth and Death|rowspan="2"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Christopher|Duke of Lolland|1341/1344|11 June 1363|1st son of Valdemar and Helvig||
|Margaret|None|1345|1350|Betrothed to Henry III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin||
|Ingeborg|Duchess of Mecklenburg|4 January 1347|16 June 1370|Married Henry III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and was the maternal grandmother of King Eric VII of Denmark||
|Catherine|None|colspan=2 style="text-align: center"|1349|Died young||
|Valdemar|None|colspan=2 style="text-align: center"|1350|Died young||
|Margaret|Queen regnant of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden|March 1353|28 October 1412|Queen regnant of Denmark, Norway and Sweden after his son (the King of Denmark and Norway) died||
Larry Campbell

**Larry W. Campbell** (born February 28, 1948) is a Canadian politician and businessman. He was the 37th mayor of Vancouver. He was elected on November 16, 2002. Campbell was also a member of the Senate of Canada from 2005 until 2023.

Before becoming mayor, Campbell moved from Ontario to British Columbia in 1969 and worked as a member of the drug squad with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Langley. After leaving the RCMP, Campbell became the chief coroner for Vancouver and British Columbia before retiring after 20 years.

Campbell started his political career as a member of the Coalition of Progressive Electors party and was elected mayor under the party in the 2002 Vancouver municipal election. He worked under an independent caucus after in-fighting within the party. Campbell started a new party called Vision Vancouver and was shortly the leader before he announced that he was not going to seek re-election.

On August 2, 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin announced that Campbell will become a senator for the Liberals. On February 28, 2023, Campbell retired from senate after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.

Campbell's life and career inspired the crime drama television show _Da Vinci's Inquest_ and its spin-off _Da Vinci's City Hall_.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Larry Campbell
- **image**: Larry Campbell (2714953856).jpg
- **birth name**: Larry W. Campbell
- **birth place**: Brantford, Ontario, Canada
- **party**: Non-affiliated
- **office1**: Senate of Canada, Canadian Senator
from British Columbia
- **term start1**: August 2, 2005
- **nominator1**: Paul Martin
- **appointed1**: Adrienne Clarkson
- **term end1**: February 28, 2023
- **office2**: 37th List of mayors of Vancouver, Mayor of Vancouver
- **term start2**: 2002
- **term end2**: December 5, 2005
- **predecessor2**: Philip Owen
- **successor2**: Sam Sullivan
Battle of Cordoba

The **Battle of Cordoba** was a battle between Abd al-Rahman I and Al-Fihri. The battle resulted in victory for Abd al-Rahman and his loyalists who established the Emirate of Cordoba.

## Background

Abd al-Raḥman I was a member of the Umayyad dynasty of Syria who founded an Umayyad dynasty in Spain. When the Abbasid Caliphate overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE and sought to kill as many members of the Umayyad family as possible, Abd al-Raḥman would than flee to Spain in hope of establishing another Umayyad state.

## Tensions begin

Upon landing in Torrox, Al-Andalus, Abd al-Rahman was greeted by clients by the names of Abu Uthman and Ibn Khalid and an escort of 300 cavalry. During this time, emir Al-Fihri pondered what to do about the new threat. He decided to try to marry Abd al-Rahman into their family. If that did not work, then Abd al-Rahman would have to be killed.

## Battle

In May 756 Abd al-Raḥman defeated Yusuf's forces outside Cordoba, and Abd al-Raḥman chose that city as the capital of the Spanish Umayyad emirate. His forces took Malaga and Seville, and then marched on the provincial capital of Al-Andalus, Cordoba, in 756 CE. Below the walls of the city, Abd al-Rahman defeated the forces of Al-Fihri.
Hedley (band)

**Hedley** was a Canadian pop rock band formed in Abbotsford, British Columbia in 2003. The band released seven studio albums over the course of twelve years, from September 6, 2005 to September 29, 2017.

Studio albums:

1. Hedley (2005)
1. Famous Last Words (2007)
1. The Show Must Go (2009)
1. Storms (2011)
1. Wild Life (2013)
1. Hello (2015)
1. Cageless (2017)

## Previous members

- Jacob Hoggard – lead vocals, guitar, piano (2003–2018)
- Dave Rosin – guitar, backing vocals (2005–2018)
- Tommy Mac – bass, backing vocals (2005–2018)
- Jay Benison – drums (2017–2018)
- Chris Crippin – drums (2005–2017)
- Ryan Federau – guitar (2003–2005)
- Kevin Giesbrecht – guitar (2003–2005)
- Kevin Heeres – bass (2003–2005)
- Brandon McKay – drums (2003–2005)

## Discography

- _Hedley_ (2005)
- _Famous Last Words_ (2007)
- _The Show Must Go_ (2009)
- _Storms_ (2011)
- _Wild Life_ (2013)
- _Hello_ (2015)
- _Cageless_ (2017)
Carnival Ride

***Carnival Ride*** is the second studio album by American country music singer Carrie Underwood. The album was released on October 23, 2007 through Arista Nashville.