juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Frankie Goes to Hollywood

**Frankie Goes to Hollywood** were a British dance band from Liverpool, England. The band is probably best known for their first single "Relax". The BBC banned the song.

The band released their first studio album _Welcome to the Pleasuredome_ on 29 October 1984. The album featured the singles "Relax", "Two Tribes", "The Power of Love" and "Welcome to the Pleasuredome". Their second and last studio album _Liverpool_ was released on 20 October 1986. The band broke up in 1987. They reunited in 2004, but broke up again in 2007.

## Band members

- Mark O'Toole – bass (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
- Peter Gill – drums (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
- Holly Johnson – lead singer (1980–1987)
- Jed O'Toole – guitar (1980–1982, 2004–2007)
- Sonia Mazumder – lead vocalist (1980)
- Paul Rutherford – back-up singer, keyboards, dancing (1980–1987, 2004–2007)
- Brian Nash – guitar (1982–1987)
- Ryan Molloy – lead singer (2004–2007)

### Albums

- _Welcome to the Pleasuredome_ (1984)
- _Liverpool (1986)_

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Frankie Goes to Hollywood
- **img**: Frankie Goes to Hollywood in London cropped.jpg
- **img capt**: Frankie Goes to Hollywood in London during the 1980s
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Liverpool, England
- **genre**: Dance music, Dance, pop rock, synthpop, New Wave music, New Wave, Hi-NRG
- **years active**: 1980–1987
2004-2007
- **label**: ZTT, Island Records, Island
- **associated acts**: Big in Japan (band), Big in Japan
- **url**: [http://www.frankiesay.com/ Official website]
- **past members**: Mark O'Toole
Peter Gill
Holly Johnson
Jed O'Toole
Sonia Mazumder
Paul Rutherford
Brian Nash
Ryan Molloy
Nottoway Plantation

**Nottoway Plantation** was a plantation house in a town called White Castle in the state of Louisiana. In 1980 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. John Hampden Randolph bought the area and then built the house in 1859. He owned 155 African-Americans as slaves. They worked in the sugarcane fields. After Mr. Randolph’s death Mrs. Randolph sold the plantation in 1889 for $50,000. Nottoway had 165 doors and 200 windows. This made 365 openings. The building was destroyed by a fire on May 15, 2025.
Claude Vilgrain

**Claude Vilgrain** (born March 1, 1963) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a total of 89 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Vilgrain was born in Haiti. He is the first Haitian-born player in NHL history.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Vilgrain played three seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) with the Laval Voisins. He also played hockey at the Université de Moncton for three years.

He was drafted with the 107th overall pick by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft. He never played a game for the Red Wings. He signed a contract with the Vancouver Canucks in June 1987. He played six games with them, scoring one goal and making one assist. In March 1989, the Canucks traded Vilgrain to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for Tim Lenardon. During his time with the Devils, he played 81 games and made 20 goals and 31 assists. The Philadelphia Flyers signed him to a contract in 1993. He only played 2 games with them. He retired in 2002.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **birth place**: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 205
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shot**: Right
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Vancouver Canucks
New Jersey Devils
Philadelphia Flyers
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **draft**: 107th overall
- **draft year**: 1982
- **draft team**: Detroit Red Wings
- **career start**: 1988
- **career end**: 2002
Joyce Carol Thomas

**Joyce Carol Thomas** (May 25, 1938 – August 13, 2016) was an African-American poet, playwright, motivational speaker, and author of more than 30 children's books.

Thomas was born in Ponca City, Oklahoma, the fifth of nine children in a family of cotton pickers. In 1948 the family moved to Tracy, California, to pick vegetables. She learned Spanish from Mexican migrant workers and earned a B.A. in Spanish from San Jose State University. She took night classes in education at Stanford University, while raising four children, and received a master's degree in 1967.

For her 1982 novel _Marked by Fire_, Thomas won a National Book Award for Young People's Literature|National Book Award in category Children's Fiction (paperback)

and an American Book Award.
Thomas has been one of three to five finalists for the Coretta Scott King Award three times, in 1984 for _Bright Shadow_, in 1994 for _Brown Honey in Broomwheat Tea_, and in 2009 for _The Blacker the Berry_ in 2009. Part of the American Library Association program, every year the King Award honors the "most distinguished portrayal of African American experience in literature for children or teens".
She also received a New York Times Outstanding Book of the Year Award and an Outstanding Woman of the 20th Century Award.

She lived in Berkeley, California.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## References

- "Joyce Carol Thomas"._Tennessee Authors_. The University of Tennessee. Archived 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2013-11-24.

## Other websites

- _Write TV_ Public Television Interview with Joyce Carol Thomas
Procyon

**Procyon** (α CMi, α Canis Minoris, Alpha Canis Minoris) is the brightest star in the constellation Canis Minor. To the naked eye, it appears to be a single star, the eighth brightest in the night sky with a visual apparent magnitude of 0.34.

It is actually a binary star system of a white main-sequence star of spectral type F5 IV–V, named **Procyon A**, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DQZ, named **Procyon B**.

The reason for its brightness is not its intrinsic luminosity but its relative closeness to the Sun. Its distance was worked out by the European Space Agency Hipparcos astrometry satellite. It is just  away, and is one of our nearest stellar neighbours. Its closest neighbour is Luyten's Star, about  away.

Procyon forms one of the three vertices of the Winter Triangle, along with Sirius and Betelgeuse. Its colour index is 0.42, and its hue has been described as having a faint yellow tinge to it.
Lovesexy

***Lovesexy*** is the tenth studio album by Prince. It was released on May 10, 1988. Three singles were released from the album. In July 1988 Prince started the Lovesexy Tour to promote the album. Prince is naked on the cover of the album. Some stores would not sell the album because of this and if they did they would cover it up in a black sleeve. The album went straight to number one in the UK.
Randy Jackson (singer)

**Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson** (born October 29, 1961) is an American musician. He was a member of The Jacksons. He was born to Joe and Katherine Jackson at St Mary's Mercy Hospital in Gary, Indiana. He was three when The Jacksons started. As he was so young, he was not a member when they formed. In 1971 he performed live with his brothers for the first time. He did not become a member of the group until the mid seventies. His first album with The Jacksons, _The Jacksons_, was released in 1976. The Jacksons released five more studio albums with Randy as a member. The band have sold 150 million records.

## Personal life

Jackson has two children with his ex-girlfriend Alejandra Oaziaza, Genevieve Katherine (b. 1989) and Steven Randall, Jr. (born 1991). He also has one daughter, Steveanna (b. 1990) with his ex-wife Eliza Shaffy.
Dwarf star

**Dwarf stars** refers to several types of star. The term was originally used in 1906 by the Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung. He noticed that the reddest stars—classified as K and M in the Harvard scheme—could be divided into two distinct groups. They are either much brighter than the Sun, or much fainter. To distinguish these groups, he called them "giant" and "dwarf" stars.  The dwarf stars were fainter and the giants brighter than the sun.

However, the term "dwarf" was later expanded to include:
- _Dwarf star_: this usually refers to any main-sequence star, a star of luminosity class V.
    - _Red dwarfs_ are low-mass main-sequence stars. They have cool temperatures and spectral classes M and K. Examples include Proxima Centauri and Alpha Centauri B.
    - _Yellow dwarfs_ are main-sequence (dwarf) stars with masses similar to the Sun. They have roughly the same temperature and are of spectral classes G. Examples include Alpha Centauri A.
    - _Blue dwarfs_ is a word very rarely used for high-mass main-sequence stars, which are blue, hot, and have spectral classes A and B. Examples include Regulus and Bellatrix.
- A _white dwarf_ is a star composed of electron-degenerate matter. This may be the final stage in the evolution of stars not massive enough to collapse into a neutron star or undergo a Type II supernova—stars less massive than about 9 solar masses. Examples include Sirius B and Procyon B.
    - A _black dwarf_ is a white dwarf which has cooled enough that it no longer emits any visible light. No black dwarfs are known, and it is possible that no black dwarf exists yet.
- A _brown dwarf_ is a "substellar object". It is not massive enough to ever fuse hydrogen into helium, but still massive enough to fuse deuterium—less than about 0.08 solar masses and more than about 13 Jupiter masses.
Chiwetel Ejiofor

**Chiwetelu Umeadi "Chiwetel" Ejiofor** CBE (born 10 July 1977) is a British actor. He played Solomon Northup in the 2013 movie _12 Years a Slave_. He was nominated for the award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama at the 2014 Golden Globe Awards for his acting in the movie. His first movie role was in the 1996 movie _Deadly Voyage_. In 2008, Ejiofor was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and in 2015, he was made Commander (CBE) for his services to the arts. Ejiofor played the band leader Louis Lester in the television series _Dancing on the Edge_. It had six episodes.

In 2019, he starred as Scar in the 2019 live-action remake _The Lion King_. and is currently top candidate for the role of Aslan for Netflix's new adaptation of Narnia.

## Early life

Ejiofor was born on 10 July 1977 in Forest Gate, London, to Nigerian parents. He started acting in school plays when he was 13.

## Career

In 1996 Ejiofor acted in his first film, _Deadly Voyage_. In 2002, he played the main character in a movie for the first time in _Dirty Pretty Things_. He won the 2003 British Independent Film Award for best actor for the film. In 2005 Ejiofor played Lola in _Kinky Boots_.
Look Who's Talking

***Look Who's Talking*** is a 1989 romantic comedy movie. The main characters in the movie are played by John Travolta, Kirstie Alley, and Bruce Willis. The movie had two sequels: _Look Who's Talking Too_ (1990) and _Look Who's Talking Now_ (1993).
The Shangri-Las

**The Shangri-Las** were an American pop girl group of the 1960s. They released their first album _Leader of the Pack_ in 1965. Their 1964 single "Leader of the Pack" was number one in the United States.

The members of the group were sisters Betty and Mary Weiss, with twins, Margie and Mary-Ann Ganser.

Their first hit recording was "Remember (Walking In The Sand)" (1964) which reached number 5 in the US and number 14 in the UK.
Peppered corydoras

The **peppered corydoras** (_Corydoras paleatus_) is a species of freshwater catfish in the genus _Corydoras_.

## In the aquarium

Peppered corydoras live at the bottom of the fish tank. They are peaceful community fish. They like to live in a temperature of around 25–28°C. They should be kept in groups of other corydoras. They grow to about 7 centimetres.

## Diet

Peppered corydoras are scavengers. They eat the fish food after it sinks to the bottom of the tank.

## Other websites

- http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/fish/pepperedcory.php
- http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/corydoras-paleatus/
Zebrafish

The **zebrafish** (_Danio rerio_) is a freshwater fish native to India. It is often sold under the name **zebra danio**.

## Psychology

In 2015, a study was published about zebrafishes' capacity for episodic memory. The individuals showed a capacity to remember context with respect to objects, locations and occasions (what, when, where). Episodic memory is a capacity of explicit memory systems, typically associated with conscious experience.

The Mauthner cells integrate many different kinds of sensory stimuli to produce the escape reflex. Those stimuli are found to include the lateral line signals by McHenry et al. 2009 and visual signals consistent with looming objects by Temizer et al. 2015, Dunn et al. 2016, and Yao et al. 2016.

## In the aquarium

The zebrafish is a peaceful fish and can be kept in a community tank. They can be kept in a temperature of 19–27°C. They grow to about 5 cm.

The typical environment of the Zebrafish is in rivers, little streams, slowly flowing pools close to nearby streams and rice paddies.

The natural history of the Zebrafish is limited as very little information about their true natural history is known. However, it is known that Zebrafish have a high reproductivity and quick growth rates.

Zebrafish are suitable models for researching tissue repair and regeneration in vertebrates because of their restorative capabilities. They can fully regenerate injured hearts, portions of their brain and other organs.

Zebrafish are one of the most common species used for genetic and developmental research.

## Diet

Zebrafish happily eat flake foods and bloodworm.

Other foods Zebrafish consumes are mosquito larvae and zooplankton.

## References

3. Gemberling, M., Bailey, T. J., Hyde, D. R., & Poss, K. D. (2013). The zebrafish as a model for complex tissue regeneration. _Trends in genetics : TIG_, _29_(11), 611–620.

4. Engeszer , R.E. , Patterson , L.B. , Rao , A.A. and Parichy , D.M. ( 2007 ). Zebrafish in the wild: A review of natural history and new notes from the field . _Zebrafish_ , 4 , 21 – U126.

5.  C. Graham, M.A. von Keyserlingk, B. Franks. (2018). Zebrafish welfare: Natural history, social motivation and behaviour. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 200 (2018), pp. 13-22.
Chicken and waffles

**Chicken and waffles** is a dish that has both chicken and waffles. It is popular in the Canada, where it is served in many restaurants. There are two types of chicken and waffles dishes: the soul food version and the Pennsylvania Dutch version.

### Soul food version

The best-known version is the soul food version, which uses fried chicken. It uses a waffle that would be served during breakfast. It comes with condiments such as butter and syrup.
Sheryl Sandberg

**Sheryl Kara Sandberg** (born August 28, 1969) is an American businesswoman. She is the chief operating officer of Facebook.

## Early life and education

Sandberg was born in 1969, in Washington, D.C., in a Jewish family. In 1987, started a Bachelor's degree in economics at Harvard College. She graduated in 1991 with the highest honor, _summa cum laude_. In 1993, she started at Harvard Business School. In 1995, she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction. After this Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company for a year.

## Career

From 1996 to 2001, she was Chief of Staff to the then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers.

In 2001, Sandberg became the vice president of Global Online Sales & Operations for Google Inc.. In 2007 Sandberg met Mark Zuckerberg, the maker of Facebook, at a Christmas party.

Zuckerberg thought that Sandberg would be good at being Facebook's COO. In March 2008 Facebook hired Sandberg.

December 2010, she gave a TED speech titled "Why we have too few women leaders." In 2012 she became the eighth member (and the first female member) of Facebook's board of directors. Sheryl Sandberg's first book _Lean In_ was published on March 11, 2013.

## Personal life

Sandberg married to Dave Goldberg, the CEO of SurveyMonkey, from 2003 until his death in 2015. She is a feminist.

## Other websites

- Lean In

## Related pages

- Marissa Mayer
- Susan Wojcicki
- Zhang Xin

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sheryl Sandberg
- **image**: Sheryl Sandberg 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Sandberg in 2013
- **birth name**: Sheryl Kara Sandberg
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, AB, Master of Business Administration, MBA)
- **occupation**: Chief operating officer, COO of Facebook (2008–present)
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **net worth**: US$1.7 billion (May 2020)
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **boards**: Facebook
Women for Women International
Center for Global Development
V-Day (movement), V-Day
SurveyMonkey
- **spouse**:

- **partner**: Tom Bernthal (2019-; engaged)
- **children**: 2 (with Goldberg)
Egocentrism

**Egocentrism **is a state of mind of putting oneself in the center of interest, of being interested more about oneself than about other people.

## Overview

While egocentrism is normal in young children, it becomes more and more of a problem, in older children, adolescents and adults. To egocentric people, self-relevant information is seen as more important in shaping one’s judgments than are thoughts about others and other-relevant information.

## Name

The term egocentrism was mostly coined by Piaget, a psychologist. Egocentrism is different from both egoism and narcissism. Young children are egocentric: they see themselves as the "center" of the world. Developing self-conscience requires the perception that there are others, that there is socialisation with other people, and that there are differences between oneself and other people.

## Characteristics

Those who are egocentric are often unable to fully understand or to cope with others' opinions. The fact that reality can be different from what they are ready to accept is difficult for them.

## Related pages

- Ego
- Arrogance
- Narcissism
- Superiority bias
- Dunning–Kruger effect
- Fundamental attribution error
- Haltlose personality disorder (HPD)
- Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)
Illmatic

***Illmatic*** is the first studio album of American rapper Nas. It was released on April 19, 1994 by Columbia Records. Nas recorded the album during 1992 and 1993 in New York City. The producers were Nas, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S., and DJ Premier.

Nas raps about his life in Queensbridge, New York. Nas's lyricism features multi-syllabic internal rhyme patterns.

_Illmatic_ received very good reviews from most music critics  upon its release. It earnt praise for its lyrical content, production, and Nas's lyricism. Over time, music critics have recognized it as one of the greatest hip hop albums.

_Illmatic_ did not sell very well at the beginning. On January 17, 1996, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2001, it earned platinum certification after shipments of one million copies in the United States.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Illmatic
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Nas
- **released**: April 19, 1994
- **recorded**: 1992–93
- **studio**: Battery Studios, Unique Recording Studios, Unique Studios, Chung King Studios and D&D Studios, D&D Recording in New York
- **length**: 39:51
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **next title**: It Was Written
- **next year**: 1996
Armillaria solidipes

***Armillaria solidipes*** is a species of fungus. It is also known as the **honey mushroom**. It grows in the United States. In the Malheur National Forest in Oregon there is one that is the world's biggest living organism.
Reflektor

***Reflektor*** is the fourth album by Arcade Fire. It was released on October 28, 2013. The album has two discs. The first disc has seven songs. The second disc has six songs. It got good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9.2 out of 10. The first single from the album, "Reflektor", was released on September 9, 2013. The album was number one in several countries including the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

## Track listing

**Notes**
- <sup></sup> means there is an extra producer on the track
- "We Exist" is the second track of the album on CD and digital releases, but the fourth on the vinyl version (as the first song of Side B, or _1:4_).
- On CD, "Joan of Arc" ends with 30 additional seconds of the room tone that also opens "Here Comes the Night Time II".
- "Reflektive Age" is a hidden track in the pregap of the CD release, consisting of sections of the other tracks on the album played in reverse.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Reflektor
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Arcade Fire
- **recorded**: 2011–2013
- **prev title**: The Suburbs (album), The Suburbs
- **prev year**: 2010
- **next title**: Everything Now
- **next year**: 2017
Division of New England

The **Division of New England** is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It is in the north-east of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named after the New England region of northern New South Wales.

The includes the towns of Armidale, Ashford, Barraba, Bingara, Bundarra, Glen Innes, Gunnedah, Guyra, Inverell, Manilla, Quirindi,  Tamworth, Uralla, Werris Creek, Walcha and Tenterfield.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||William Sawers|Protectionist|1901–1903||
|||Edmund Lonsdale|Free Trade|1903–1906||
|||Francis Foster|Labor|1906–1913||
|||rowspan="2"|Percy Abbott|Commonwealth Liberal|1913–1917|
|||Nationalist|1917–1919|||
|||rowspan="2"|Alexander Hay|Nationalist|1919–1920|
|||Country|1920–1922|||
|||Victor Thompson|Country|1922–1940||
|||Joe Abbott|Country|1940–1949||
|||David Drummond|Country|1949–1963||
|||rowspan="3"|Ian Sinclair|Country|1963–1975|
|||National Country|1975–1982|||
|||National|1982–1998|||
|||Stuart St. Clair|National|1998–2001||
|||Tony Windsor|Independent|2001–2013||
|||rowspan="2"|Barnaby Joyce|National|2013–2025|
|||One Nation|2025–present|||

Barnaby Joyce is a former Senator for the state of Queensland. In 2016 he became leader of the National Party and Deputy Prime Minister.

## Other websites

- Division of New England – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: New England
- **image**: Division of New England 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of New England (green) within New South Wales
- **created**: 1901
- **mp**: Barnaby Joyce
- **mp-party**: Pauline Hanson's One Nation, One Nation
- **namesake**: New England (Australia), New England
- **electors**: 102132
- **electors year**: 2013
- **area**: 59344
- **class**: Rural
Charlemagne Prize

The **Charlemagne Prize** () is a famous prize awarded each year. The prize has been awarded since 1950 by the German city of Aachen. It is awarded to persons who have done outstanding work towards the unification of Europe. The award is named after Charlemagne, emperor of the Frankish Empire, and founder of what became the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne lived and was buried in Aachen.

## Other websites

- Charlemagne Prize
Luke Baldwin

**Luke Baldwin** (born 15 September 1990) is an English rugby union player. He was born in Royal Tunbridge Wells. He plays for Bristol Rugby in the RFU Championship.

## Education

Luke Baldwin was educated at The Judd School in Tonbridge. While he was there he also played rugby for them. In 2003, he represented Judd at Kent County Athletics Under-13 Championships at Canterbury High School. There he finished third place in the 75-metre hurdles and fourth in the 100-metres.

## Career

Baldwin started playing rugby for Tunbridge Wells RFC. In 2006 he signed with Saracens Academy. He trained there while he also played for Tunbridge Wells until 2009. After he left Tunbridge Wells, he was loaned to Blackheath F.C.. He made his debut for Saracens in 2010. He went on to make 5 first team appearances for Saracens.

In 2010, he was loaned to RFU Championship side, Bedford Blues. In 2012, he returned to Bedford Blues on a dual registration with Saracens. While at Bedford, he received praise for his playing performance. He also represented Saracens in the Premiership Rugby Sevens Series while also playing for Bedford Blues in the RFU Championship. In 2013, he left Saracens and Bedford Blues and signed for Bristol Rugby, playing his final game for Bedford against London Welsh.

## Other websites

- Luke Baldwin Career Statistics
Westerlund 2

**Westerlund 2**  is a massive young super star cluster. It is about one or two million years old, and partly obscured with gas. It contains some of the hottest, brightest, and most massive stars known. The cluster is 20,000 light years away in the Milky Way galaxy.

The cluster contains a dozen of O-type main sequence stars, of which at least three are eclipsing binaries. There are many very young pre-main sequence stars and two Wolf–Rayet stars.

The core of the cluster contains several examples of rare very hot stars.  Just outside the cluster a massive eclipsing binary WR20a is found at 30 arcseconds (about 1.1 pc in projection), the bright yellow spot just on the lower right side of the cluster center.

As its name indicates, the Westerlund 2 cluster was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in the sixties, but its stellar content was assessed only in later years.
Sonny Chiba

, also known as , was a Japanese actor, singer, movie producer and director, and martial artist. He was from Fukuoka, Kyūshū. He was possibly the most famous Japanese movie actor of all time.

Chiba died on 19 August 2021 at a hospital in Kimitsu, Japan from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, aged 82.

## Filmography

- _The Street Fighter_ (1974) as Takuma Tsurugi
- _Kill Bill: Volume 1_ (2003) as Hattori Hanzō
- _Kill Bill: Volume 2_ (2004) as Hattori Hanzō
- _The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift_ (2006) as Kamata
- _Sushi Girl_ (2012) as Sushi chef

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Official Blog
- Facebook
- AllRovi Sonny Chiba
- Sonny Chiba - HKMDB
Eve (rapper)

**Eve Jihan Jeffers** (born November 10, 1978), better known as **Eve**, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, model and actress. She was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002 for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", with Gwen Stefani. In 2002 her album _Scorpion_ was also nominated for Best Rap Album.

## Career

Eve released her first album _Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady_ in 1999. It went straight to number one in the American album chart. It was the third album by a female rap artist to reach number one in the United States.

In 2001 Eve's second album _Scorpion_ was released. It entered the American album chart at number four. Eve won Best Female Hip-Hop Artist at the Black Entertainment Television Awards.

In 2002 Eve's third album, _Eve-Olution_, was released. Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Gangsta Lovin" is a song sung with Alicia Keys. It reached number two in the American singles chart.

Eve was on the remix of Michael Jackson's 2002 single "Butterflies".

In 2003 Eve started acting in a television sitcom called _Eve_. The show was stopped in 2006. There were 66 episodes.

Eve rapped on Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "Rich Girl". It reached number seven in the _Billboard_ 100. She rapped on "Never", Keyshia Cole's first single, in 2005.

In 2007 Eve released the single "Tambourine". She also rapped on Kelly Rowland's single "Like This". It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. That year Eve started to make her fourth album.

Eve was in the 2009 documentary _Good Hair_.

She presented the MTV Africa Music Awards 2010. She rapped on Guy Sebastian's single "Who's That Girl". It reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.

In 2013 Eve's fourth album, _Lip Lock_, was released. The album included appearances from fellow rappers Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg. On August 23, 2013 Eve started The Lip Lock Tour.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady_ (1999)
- _Scorpion_ (2001)
- _Eve-Olution_ (2002)
- _Lip Lock_ (2013)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **instrument**: Vocals


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eve
- **image**: Eve 2011 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Eve modeling at The Heart Truth's Red Dress Collection Fashion Show in 2011
- **birth name**: Eve Jihan Jeffers
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **television**: _Eve (American TV series), Eve_
- **education**: Martin Luther King High School (Philadelphia), Martin Luther King High School
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **children**: 1
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Eve, Full list
Frederick McCubbin

**Frederick McCubbin** (25 February 1855 – 20 December 1917) was an Australian painter. He was a part of the Heidelberg School, which was an important period in the history of Australia's visual arts.

McCubbin was born in Melbourne. McCubbin was taught at William Willmett's West Melbourne Common School and St Paul's School, Swanston Street. He worked several jobs while studying art at the National Gallery of Victoria's School of Design. There he met Tom Roberts and studied under Eugene von Guerard. He also studied at the Victorian Academy of the Arts. He showed some of his early paintings there in 1876, and again from 1879 to 1882. He sold his first painting there in 1880.

By the early 1880s, McCubbin's work had become famous. His paintings won several prizes from the National Gallery. By the mid-1880s his painting became focused on the Australian bush. This is the work for which he is remembered.

In 1888, McCubbin became instructor and master of the School of Design at the National Gallery. He taught several students who themselves became notable Australian artists.

He married Annie Moriarty in March 1889. They had seven children. McCubbin lived most of his life in Melbourne, and rarely travelled. He and his family moved to Mount Macedon in 1901. McCubbin continued to paint through the first two decades of the 20th century. By the beginning of World War I, his health began to fail. He died in 1917 from a heart attack.

## Other websites

- Australian government website on McCubbin, source of most of the material for this article
- Frederick McCubbin (1855-1917)  Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery
- Frederick McCubbin at the National Library of Australia
Joan Miró

**Joan Miró** (20 April 1893  25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramicist. He was born in Barcelona. He died of heart disease in Palma, Majorca. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundación Joan Miró, was opened in Barcelona in 1975.

Joan Miró started painting when he was fourteen he attended an art school. He then started to develop his own style to draw scenes of trees and landscapes. In around the 1930s Joan started to make rapid changes to his style of painting. Influenced by Pablo Picasso, Miro developed more surrealist works.

Miró was a significant influence on late 20th-century art, in particular the American abstract expressionist artists.

## Infobox (artist)

- **image**: Portrait of Joan  Miro, Barcelona 1935 June 13.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Joan Miró, photo by Carl Van Vechten, June 1935
- **birth name**: Joan Miró i Ferrà
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Catalonia, Restoration (Spain), Spain
- **death place**: Palma, Mallorca, Palma, Majorca, Spain
- **nationality**: Spanish
- **field**: Painting, sculpture, mural and Ceramics (art), ceramics
- **training**: _Escuela de Bellas Artes de la Llotja_, and _Escuela de Arte de Francesco Galí, Circulo Artístico de Sant Lluc_, 1907–1913
- **movement**: Surrealism, Dada, Personal, Experimental
- **spouse**: Pilar Juncosa Iglesias (1929–1983)
- **awards**: 1954 Venice Biennale Grand Prize for Graphic Work,
1958 Guggenheim International Award,
1980 Gold Medal of Fine Arts, Spain
Flora Robson

**Dame Flora McKenzie Robson** <small>DBE</small> (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English stage and movie actress. She was known for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her roles varied from queens to villainesses.
Erskine Caldwell

**Erskine Caldwell** (17 December 1903 – 11 April 1987) was an American writer. He wrote about poverty, racism and social problems in the Southern United States. He did this in novels such as _Tobacco Road_ and _God's Little Acre_. This work was praised by critics. It also made him controversial among fellow Southerners because they felt he was making them look bad.
Neopilina

***Neopilina*** is a mollusc, the only surviving genus of monoplacophora.
Some molecular results show that they fall within the polyplacophora clade, although these have been called into question.  Fossil and morphological data show that they are rather derived and bear very little resemblance to an 'ancestral mollusc'.

The monoplacophora were well-known as a fossil group from the Cambrian to the Devonian. They were thought to be long extinct. One species was dredged up from the Pacific Ocean off Mexico in 1952. It was found to be a Monoplacophoran, and given the genus of _Neopilina_.  This was one of the most remarkable modern discoveries of a 'living fossil', and a Lazarus taxon.

## Species

Four species are recognized:
- _Neopilina bruuni_ <small>Menzies, 1968</small>
- _Neopilina galatheae_ <small>Lemche, 1957</small>
- _Neopilina rebainsi_ <small>Moskalev, Starobogatov & Filatova, 1983</small>
- _Neopilina starobogatovi_ <small>Ivanov & Moskalev, 2007</small>
The Showgrounds

**The Showgrounds** is a football ground in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is the home football ground of Newry City A.F.C.. The ground usually holds 7,949 people. However, it only holds 2,275 at the moment under health and safety law.
NGC 1569

**NGC 1569** is a dwarf irregular galaxy in Camelopardalis.  This faint galaxy is well studied by professional astronomers, who are interested in the history of star formation in the galaxy. The galaxy is relatively nearby, so the Hubble Space Telescope can easily pick out its stars. In 2008 scientists studying images from Hubble calculated the galaxy's distance at nearly 11 million light-years away, making it a member of the IC 342 group of galaxies.

## Starburst

The most notable feature of NGC 1569 is its powerful starburst. It has formed stars at a rate 100 times greater than that of our galaxy during the last 100 million years. It contains two prominent super star clusters with different histories.

Super star cluster A, in the northwest of the galaxy is formed of two close clusters (_NGC 1569 A1_ and _NGC 1569 A2_). It contains young stars
(including WolfRayet stars) which formed less than 5 million years ago (in _NGC 1569 A1_) as
well as older red stars (in _NGC 1569 A2_).

Super star cluster B, near the center of the galaxy, has older  red giants and red supergiants.

Both of these star clusters have masses similar to the globular clusters in the Milky Way. Many smaller star clusters are relatively young (between 2 million years and 1 billion years. They are similar to small globular clusters or R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
This shows, with the results from other dwarf galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 1705, that star formation in dwarf galaxies does not occur continuously but instead occurs in a series of short bursts.

The many supernovae produced in the galaxy as well as the strong stellar winds of its stars have produced filaments and bubbles of ionized hydrogen with respective sizes of up to 3,700 and 380 light years. These shine as the light of the young stars contained within them hits the gas.

NGC 1569's starburst may have been triggered by interactions with other galaxies of the IC 342 group, probably a nearby cloud of hydrogen.
Halton Arp

**Halton Christian** "**Chip**" **Arp**  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer. He was known for his _Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies_, published in 1966. It has  many examples of interacting and merging galaxies.  Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory.

Arp was born on March 21, 1927 in New York City. He studied at the California Institute of Technology. Arp was married three times. He had four daughters.

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 1996.

Arp died on December 28, 2013 in Munich. He died from a stroke, and he was aged 86.

## Books

- Halton Arp, _Seeing Red_,  Aperion (August 1998)
- Halton Arp, _Catalogue of Discordant Redshift Associations_, Aperion (September 1, 2003)
- G. Burbidge, E.M. Burbidge, H.C. Arp, W.M. Napier: _Ultraluminous X-ray Sources, High Redshift QSOs and Active Galaxies._
- J. Kanipe, D. Webb _The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, A Chronicle and Observer's Guide_, Willmann-Bell Inc. (2006)

## Other websites

- Halton Arp's Website
- _Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies_
- Arp's Catalog of Peculiar Galaxies website
- Detailed review of _Seeing Red_ by Tom Van Flandern
- Electric Politics interview with Halton C. Arp (podcast)

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Halton Arp
- **image**: Halton-arp-adjusted.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: **Halton Arp** in London, Oct 2000
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Munich, Germany
- **nationality**: American
- **field**: Astronomy
- **work institutions**: Palomar Observatory
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
- **alma mater**: California Institute of Technology
- **doctoral advisor**: Walter Baade
- **known for**: Intrinsic redshift
Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
Wojciech Kilar

**Wojciech Kilar** (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and movie composer. He was known for his composing in _Bram Stoker's Dracula_ and _The Pianist_. He received many awards throughout his fifty years of composing.

Kilar was born on 17 July 1932 in Lwów, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine). He studied at State Higher School of Music and at State Higher School of Music.

Kilar married Barbara Pomianowska in April 1966. They had no children. Their marriage lasted for almost over forty years. Pomianowska died in November 2007.

Kilar composed many movie compositions. He composed the trailer music for _Schindler's List_. He also composed the music for _Promised Land_ and for _Dracula_. He composed his musical works during a festival for Pope John Paul II.

In 1991 Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi made a movie about his life titled _Wojciech Kilar_.

Kilar, who was suffering from brain cancer during his final years, from which he died on 29 December 2013 in Katowice, Poland at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Composer's website
- Kilar at the Polish Music Center
- Interview with Wojciech Kilar
- Wojciech Kilar  at Culture.pl

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wojciech Kilar
- **image**: Wojciech Kilar 2.jpg
- **caption**: Wojciech Kilar
- **birth date**: 17 July, 1932
- **birth place**: Lwów, Second Polish Republic, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine)
- **death place**: Katowice, Poland
- **occupation**: Composer
- **spouse**: Barbara Pomianowska
(m. April 1966 – November 2007 – her death)
Mary Wibberley

**Mary Wibberley** ( – 29 December 2013) was an English romantic fiction writer. She wrote over 48 romance novels. Her first novel, _Black Niall_, was published in 1973.

Wibberley died after a short illness on 29 December 2013. She was aged 79.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Mary Wibberley
- **birth place**: Worsley, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **death date**: 29 December 2013 (aged 79)
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **period**: 1973–2013
- **genre**: Romantic novel, Romance
Eero Mäntyranta

**Eero Antero Mäntyranta** (20 November 1937 – 30 December 2013) was a Finnish skier. He has won several medals and the Winter Olympic Games.

Mäntyranta was born in Pello, Finland.

He competed in four Winter Olympics from 1960 to 1972. He won seven medals at the first three of them. This makes him one of the most successful skiers in Finland. His success at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld". The Finnish Ministry of Education honored him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is a museum called Mäntyranta in Pello.

Mäntyranta died on 30 December 2013 from a heart attack. He died in Pello, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Holmenkollen medalists  – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file
- Holmenkollen winners since 1892  – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

**Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni** is an Indian-American author and poet. She writes for both adults and children. In 1991 her first collection of poems, _Black Candle_, was published. In 1995 she won the American Book Award for _Arranged Marriage: Stories_. Her 1997 novel _Mistress of Spices_ was made into a movie.

## Early life

Divakaruni was born in Kolkata (earlier known as _Calcutta_), West Bengal, India. She studied B.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1976. Then she went to the United States to study in Wright State University from where she received a master's degree. In 1985, she received her PhD in English from the University of California, Berkeley.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: ChitraBanerjeeDivakaruni.JPG
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **name**: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
- **birth name**: Chitralekha Banerjee
- **birth place**: Kolkata, India
- **occupation**: Writer
- **nationality**: Indian-American
- **alma mater**: University of Calcutta
Wright State University
University of California, Berkeley
- **genre**: Poetry, short stories, novels; fantasy, young adult, magical realism, historical fiction
- **notableworks**: _Mistress of Spices_
- **spouse**: Murthy
- **children**: Abhay, Anand
Junot Díaz

**Junot Díaz** (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American writer. His first novel _The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao_ was published in September 2007. In 2008 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It also won the John Sargent Sr. First Novel Prize. His next novel has not been published yet. It is called _Monstro_.

## Early life

Díaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In December 1974 he moved to New Jersey.

## Personal life

He lives with Marjorie Liu.

## Work

Díaz's first collection of short stories, _Drown_, was published in 1996. His first novel, _The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao_ was published in 2007. It is about a Dominican boy called Oscar Wao, who is growing up in New Jersey. It took him 11 years to write. The book uses both English and Spanish. In 2012 Díaz released a collection of short stories called _This Is How You Lose Her_. He was given the $500,000 MacArthur "Genius grant" award. In 2013 he won the £30,000 Sunday Times EFG Private Bank short story prize. Díaz joins other Hispanic-American writers such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, and Giannina Braschi who use Spanglish phrases in their stories.  Spanglish is a mix of English words and Spanish words.

## Other websites

- Facebook page
Saul Williams

**Saul Stacey Williams** (born February 29, 1972) is an American singer, poet, and actor. He played the main character in the 1998 movie _Slam_.

## Early life

Williams was born in Newburgh, New York. For high school he went to Newburgh Free Academy.

## Career

He became an open mic poet in 1995. In 1998 he played Ray Joshua, the main character in the movie _Slam_. He also helped write the script. In 2001 he released his first album _Amethyst Rock Star_. His second album _Saul Williams_ was released in 2004. His third album _The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust!_ was released on November 1, 2007. It was produced by Trent Reznor.

## Personal life

Williams is vegan. He lives in Paris. He identifies as queer.
Fernando Luján

**Fernando Luján** (born **Fernando Ciangherotti Díaz**; August 23, 1939 – January 11, 2019) was a Colombian-born Mexican movie and television actor. He was known for his many roles on telenovelas. His career began in 1952 and appeared in over 50 movies and hundreds of television shows. He starred as Leonardo's father in _Overboard_ (2018).

Luján was born on August 23, 1939 in Bogotá. He died from respiratory failure on January 11, 2019 in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca at the age of 79.

## Other websites

- Fernando Luján at the Telenovela database.
- _El coronel no tiene quien le escriba_  review on The New York Times

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fernando Luján
- **birth name**: Fernando Ciangherotti Díaz
- **birth place**: Bogotá, Colombia
- **death place**: Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Puerto Escondido, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1952-2018
- **spouse**: Martha Mariana Castro
- **children**: 10
Andrew Jacobs Jr.

**Andrew** "**Andy**" **Jacobs, Jr.** (February 24, 1932 – December 28, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician. Jacobs was in the United States House of Representatives for 30 years.

His father, Andrew Jacobs, was also a congressman for one term. He once was married to Martha Keys of Kansas, whom he was in the House with for a time. In 1988, Jacobs married Kimberly Hood Jacobs, an Emmy Award-winning television reporter.

Jacobs died on December 28, 2013 at his home in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died from natural causes, aged 81.

## Other websites

- Video of Jacobs speaking
- Jacobs' Books on Amazon.com
- Biography from the Stennis Center

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Andrew Jacobs, Jr.
- **image name**: Andrew Jacobs Jr.jpg
- **birth place**: Indianapolis, Indiana
- **death place**: Indianapolis, Indiana
- **state**: Indiana
- **district**: Indiana's 11th congressional district, 11th and Indiana's 10th congressional district, 10th
- **term**: January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1973
January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1997
- **preceded**: Donald C. Bruce
William H. Hudnut III
- **succeeded**: William H. Hudnut III
Julia Carson
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **spouse**: 1. Kay Welsh
2. Martha Keys
3. Kimberly Hood Jacobs
- **children**: Andy Jacobs, Steven Jacobs
Columbia Railroad Bridge

The **Columbia Railroad Bridge**, which is also called the **Columbia Bridge**, is a bridge in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is run by the CSX Transportation train company, who uses the bridge to transport goods in the Trenton Subdivision area.  The bridge goes over the Schuylkill River. It is in a park called Fairmont Park.

## First bridge

The bridge has been built three times. First, it was built in 1834. It was a covered bridge. The bridge was made from pine tree wood. The government of the state of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad company built it.  The bridge was bought by the Reading Railroad in 1851.

## Second bridge

The next bridge was built in 1886 by the Reading Railroad. It was made of iron and was very strong, so trains carrying very heavy things could go over it.

## Third bridge

Today's bridge was built in 1920.
Joseph Ruskin

**Joseph Ruskin** (born **Joseph Schlafman**; April 14, 1924 – December 28, 2013) was an American character actor. He appeared in over 100 movies during his 50-year career. He appeared in _Get Smart_, _Star Trek_, _Alias_, and in _The Twilight Zone_.

Ruskin died on December 28, 2013 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California. He died from natural causes, aged 89.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joseph Ruskin
- **image**: Barbara Feldon Get Smart 1965.jpg
- **caption**: with Barbara Feldon in _Get Smart_ 1965
- **birth name**: Joseph Schlafman
- **birth place**: Haverhill, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1955 – 2013