juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
20 Y.O.

***20 Y.O.*** is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson. It was released on September 20, 2006 by Virgin Records. The title refers to the twenty years since her third studio album, _Control_ (1986). It had its twentieth anniversary rerelease in 2006. It was also her last album to be released by Virgin Records. She signed a new contract with Def Jam Recordings.

## Reviews

_20 Y.O._ received mixed reviews by music critics.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: 20 Y.O.
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Janet Jackson
- **border**: yes
- **released**: September 20, 2006
- **recorded**: 2005–2006
- **length**: 49:54
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **prev title**: Damita Jo
(2004)
- **next title**: Discipline (Janet Jackson album), Discipline
(2008)
Spirit (Leona Lewis album)

***Spirit*** is the debut studio album by English singer Leona Lewis. It was released by Syco in November 2007 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was released everywhere else in early 2008.

## Reviews

_Spirit_ received generally positive to mixed reviews.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Spirit
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Leona Lewis
- **recorded**: 2006-2007
- **length**: 53:39
- **next title**: Echo (Leona Lewis album), Echo
- **next year**: 2009
Calvin Johnson

**Calvin Johnson** (born September 29, 1985) is an American football wide receiver who played for the Detroit Lions. His nickname is **Megatron**. He was drafted by the Lions in 2007.

He was also on the winless 2008 Lions roster. Even though the Lions went 0-16, Johnson finished as one of the strongest wide receivers statistically for the season, fifth in receiving yards (1,331) and 7th in receiving yards per game (83.2), and leading the league in receiving touchdowns (12).

At the end of 2015, Johnson retired.

## Other websites

- Calvin Johnson stats

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Calvin Johnson
- **image**: Calvin johnson 2014.jpg
- **image size**: 275px
- **caption**: Johnson In 2014
- **number**: 81
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Newnan, Georgia
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 237
- **high school**: Sandy Creek High School, Sandy Creek (Tyrone, Georgia)
- **college**: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football, Georgia Tech
- **draftyear**: 2007
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 2
- **pastteams**: * Detroit Lions (–)
- **highlights**: * 6× Pro Bowl (2011 Pro Bowl, 2010–2016 Pro Bowl, 2015)
* 3× First-team All-Pro (2011 All-Pro Team, 2011–2013 All-Pro Team, 2013)
* Second-team All-Pro (2010 All-Pro Team, 2010)
* 2× List of National Football League season receiving yards leaders, NFL receiving yards leader (2011, 2012)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2007, 2007)
* List of NFL annual receptions leaders, NFL receptions leader (2012)
* List of National Football League season receiving touchdowns leaders, NFL receiving touchdowns leader (2008)
* Fred Biletnikoff Award (2006)
* Atlantic Coast Conference football individual awards#Player of the Year, ACC Player of the Year (2006)
* 2× First-team College Football All-America Team, All-American (2005 College Football All-America Team, 2005, 2006 College Football All-America Team, 2006)
* 3× First-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference, ACC (2004–2006)
* Atlantic Coast Conference football individual awards#Rookie of the Year, ACC Rookie of the Year (2004)
**NFL record**
* 1,964 receiving yards in a season
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statlabel1**: Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 731
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 11,619
- **statlabel3**: Yards per reception
- **statvalue3**: 15.9
- **statlabel4**: Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 83
- **nfl**: JOH088640
- **pfr**: JohnCa00
- **collegehof**: 2424
Alphabet Inc.

**Alphabet** is an American company based in California. It holds Google and 12 other projects. The CEO is Sundar Pichai.

## History

Alphabet was founded as a Google parent holding company on August 10, 2015. It included 9 businesses.

On December 3, 2019, the Google CEO Sundar Pichai became the Alphabet CEO too.

That year the company was ranked  #15 on the Fortune 500 list of global US corporations by revenue.

In 2020, Alphabet net income was $40,269 million.

On January 16, 2020, Alphabet reached  a $1 trillion market value.

## Critics

In October 2020, the United States Government Department of Justice filed an Anti-Trust Lawsuit against Alphabet Inc over Google’s monopoly on Search.

## Infobox (company)
Hellmuth Karasek

**Hellmuth Karasek** (4 January 1934 – 29 September 2015) was a German journalist, literary critic and novelist. He wrote over 25 books on literature and movies. He was well known for being on the panel of the show _Das Literarische Quartett_, with Marcel Reich-Ranicki. In 1968, he became the theatre critic of _Die Zeit_. From 1974 until 1996, he worked for _Der Spiegel_. In 1999, he was a member of the jury at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

Karasek was born in Brünn, Czechoslovakia (now Brno, Czech Republic). He moved from Bielitz (now Poland) to Bernburg in 1944 during World War II. In the 1950s, he became a student at the University of Tübingen in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg (then West Germany).

Karasek died on 29 September 2015 in Hamburg. He was 81.
Frankie Ford

**Vincent Francis Guzzo, Jr.** (August 4, 1939 – September 28, 2015), better known by his stage name **Frankie Ford**, was an American singer. He was best known for his 1959 hit "Sea Cruise". His main genres were rock and roll, rhythm and blues and pop. Ford was born in Gretna, Louisiana. He was adopted by Vincent and Anna Guzzo.

Ford died from natural causes after a long illness on September 28, 2015 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was 76.
Think of the children

**"Think of the children"** (also **"What about the children?"**) is a phrase that became a strategy used when you are in an argument with someone. Basically in its simplest use it can mean just children's rights, like for example talking about child labor problems. But when this phrase is used in the middle of an argument, it can be used to try to make people feel emotional when thinking about the needs of children, and then to try and fool people into doing what they want because they might be scared that they do not want to harm children.

The 2002 book _Art, Argument, and Advocacy_ (2002) said that using this phrase replaced emotion instead of reason in the middle of an argument with someone. Ethicist Jack Marshall wrote in 2005 that the phrase is so popular because it can stop people from behaving rationally especially when they are talking about morals.  "Think of the children" was used by censorship supporters to try to defend children from things they thought were dangerous to these young people. The book _Community, Space and Online Censorship_ (2009) wrote that calling children just babies in need of protection was a form of focusing too much on the concept of purity. A 2011 article in the _Journal for Cultural Research_ wrote that "Think of the children" was caused by people thinking too hard about telling everyone what to do and the difference between right-and-wrong.

## In popular culture

"Think of the children" as a phrase was used in the 1964 Walt Disney Pictures film _Mary Poppins_; where Mrs. Banks pleaded with her departing nanny not to quit and to asked her to "Think of the children!". Its use was popularized through satire on the television program _The Simpsons_, beginning in 1996. Character Helen Lovejoy pleaded: "Won't somebody please think of the children!" during loud arguments in the town of Springfield on the TV show.

Law professor Charles J. Ten Brink in the 2012 _Georgia State University Law Review_ wrote that _The Simpsons_ character Helen Lovejoy's use of "Think of the children" was a good form of parody. The phrase's use was made fun of a lot when people used it in politics. After it became popular on _The Simpsons_, use of the phrase was called "Lovejoy's Law", the "Helen Lovejoy defence", the "Helen Lovejoy Syndrome", and "think-of-the-children-ism".
Húsavík

**Húsavík** is a town in northern Iceland. It has a population of 2,237 people. Most of the industry in the city comes from tourism and fishing. About 850 AD, a Swedish viking named Garðar Svavarsson arrived on the northern coast of Iceland. There he built a settlement and prepared to stay for the winter. When spring arrived, he went away, leaving two slaves behind. They made a farm there.

## Other websites

- Official tourist information website 
- Whalewatching in Húsavík
- Whalewatching Guide
Charles Gibson

**Charles deWolf "Charlie" Gibson** (born March 9, 1943) is a United States former broadcast television anchor and journalist. He was born in Evanston, Illinois. He grew up in Washington, D.C. He was a host of _Good Morning America_ from 1987 to 1998, and 1999 to 2006. He was the anchor of _World News with Charles Gibson_ from 2006 to 2009. In 2008 he was a moderator for the US presidential debates. He graduated in 1965 with a degree in history from Princeton University.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Charles Gibson
- **image**: Charliegibson.JPG
- **caption**: Charles Gibson in 2008.
- **birth name**: Charles deWolf Gibson
- **birth place**: Evanston, Illinois, U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **occupation**: Television journalist
- **years active**: 1965–2009
- **education**: Princeton University
- **spouse**: Arlene Gibson
- **children**: Jessica Gibson
Katherine Gibson
Regions of Iceland

The **regions of Iceland** are mainly used for statistical purposes. The district court jurisdictions use them. The postal code system follows the regions as well with a few exceptions. Before 2003 the regions were also used for elections to parliament.

These regions are not defined by law. They have no official standing or administrative function. They are used to divide Iceland for certain purposes.

The health care system in Iceland is divided into 7 health care districts. These are the same as the 8 regions of Iceland with one exception. The Northwestern region and the Northeastern region which are a single health care district.

## Regions

|align="center"|#|align="center"|Name|align="center"|Population (2022)|align="center"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)|align="center"|Area (mi<sup>2</sup>)|align="center"|Main city/town|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|1|Capital Region|align="center"|240,882|align="center"|1,046|align="center"|404|align="center"|Reykjavík||
|align="center"|2|Southern Peninsula|align="center"|29,108|align="center"|813|align="center"|314|align="center"|Keflavík||
|align="center"|3|Western Region|align="center"|17,019|align="center"|9,527|align="center"|3,678|align="center"|Akranes||
|align="center"|4|Westfjords|align="center"|7,205|align="center"|8,842|align="center"|3,414|align="center"|Ísafjörður||
|align="center"|5|Northwestern Region|align="center"|7,405|align="center"|13,108|align="center"|5,061|align="center"|Sauðárkrókur||
|align="center"|6|Northeastern Region|align="center"|31,161|align="center"|22,677|align="center"|8,756|align="center"|Akureyri||
|align="center"|7|Eastern Region|align="center"|11,031|align="center"|15,706|align="center"|6,064|align="center"|Egilsstaðir||
|align="center"|8|Southern Region|align="center"|32,437|align="center"|30,983|align="center"|11,963|align="center"|Selfoss||
Bathory (band)

**Bathory** was an extreme metal band from Vällingby, Sweden. The band formed in 1983. Bathory broke up in 2004. The band's main songwriter was Quorthon. Bathory released 12 studio albums and 5 compilation albums. Bathory's first four albums were "the blueprint for Scandinavian black metal". The band first played black metal but moved on to viking metal in its later years.

## Band members

- Quorthon (Thomas Börje Forsberg) – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, drums <small>(1983–2004)</small>
- Freddan/Hanoi (Frederick Melander) – bass guitar <small>(1983–1984)</small>
- Vans McBurger (Jonas Åkerlund) – drums <small>(1983–1984)</small>
- Ribban – bass guitar <small>(1984)</small>
- Stefan Larsson – drums <small>(1984–1986)</small>
- Adde – bass guitar <small>(1985)</small>
- Paul Pålle Lundburg – drums <small>(1986–1987)</small>
- Kothaar – bass guitar <small>(1988–1996)</small>
- Vvornth – drums <small>(1988–1996)</small>

### Studio albums

- _Bathory_ (1984)
- _The Return_ (1985)
- _Under the Sign of the Black Mark_ (1987)
- _Blood Fire Death_ (1988)
- _Hammerheart_ (1990)
- _Twilight of the Gods_ (1991)
- _Requiem_ (1994)
- _Octagon_ (1995)
- _Blood on Ice_ (1996) – recorded in 1989
- _Destroyer of Worlds_ (2001)
- _Nordland I_ (2002)
- _Nordland II_ (2003)

### Compilation albums

- _Jubileum Volume I_ (1992)
- _Jubileum Volume II_ (1993)
- _Jubileum Volume III_ (1998)
- _Katalog_ (2001)
- _In Memory of Quorthon_ (2006)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Bathory on Allmusic

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bathory
- **image**: Bathory logga vit p svart ny.jpg
- **image size**: 230
- **caption**: Bathory logo.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Vällingby, Sweden
- **genre**: Black metal, Viking metal
- **years active**: 1983–2004
Denise Lor

**Denise Jeanne Horine** (born **Denise Jeanne Briault**; May 3, 1929 – September 27, 2015), better known by her stage name **Denise Lor**, was an American actress and singer. She was born in Los Angeles. She moved to Long Island at age five. She was best known for being on the CBS series _The Garry Moore Show_ for eight years in the 1950s and 1960s. She was also known for her song, "If I Give My Heart to You", which charted at #8 in September 1954. She appeared in over 100 stage productions, including _Gypsy_, _Annie_ and _Sweeney Todd_.

Lor was married twice. She had two sons from her first, Ron and Denis Martin. She died in September 2015 at the age of 86.
9½ Weeks

***9½ Weeks*** is a 1986 American erotic romantic drama movie. It was directed by Adrian Lyne and it was produced by Mark Damon, Sidney Kimmel, Zalman King, and Antony Rufus-Isaacs. It was released on February 20, 1986. It is based on the Elizabeth McNeill memoir of the same name. The movie is about a New York City art gallery employee who has an affair with a Wall Street broker.

## Reviews

The movie got mixed and negative reviews from critics. 1,000 people attended a preview screening of the movie and everybody except 40 people walked out. 35 of the 40 people who filled out cards said that they really did not like it. It has a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie gave the movie 3 and a half stars stars out of 4 and said that "A lot of the success of _9½ Weeks_ is because Rourke and Basinger make the characters and their relationship convincing."

In terms of money, this movie did not earn much in the United States but it was successful in Europe.

## Cast

- Mickey Rourke as John Gray
- Kim Basinger as Elizabeth McGraw
- Margaret Whitton as Molly
- David Margulies as Harvey
- Christine Baranski as Thea
- Karen Young as Sue
- William De Acutis as Ted (as William DeAcutis)
- Dwight Weist as Farnsworth
- Roderick Cook as Sinclair, the critic
- Victor Truro as Gallery client

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: 9½ Weeks
- **director**: Adrian Lyne
- **producer**: Mark Damon
Sidney Kimmel
Zalman King
Antony Rufus-Isaacs
- **screenplay**: Sarah Kernochan
Zalman King
Patricia Louisanna Knop
- **story**: _9½ Weeks_ by Elizabeth McNeill
- **starring**: Mickey Rourke
Kim Basinger
- **music**: Jack Nitzsche
- **cinematography**: Peter Biziou
- **editing**: Caroline Biggerstaff
Ed Hansen
Tom Rolf
Mark Winitsky
- **distributor**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- **studio**: Producers Sales Organization
- **released**: February 20, 1986
- **runtime**: 112 minutes (Theatrical)
117 minutes (Video)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $17 million
- **gross**: $106,734,844
Introducing Joss Stone

***Introducing Joss Stone*** is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 9 March 2007 by Virgin Records. The album peaked at number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. In the United States, it debuted at number two on the _Billboard_ 200 chart.

## Reviews

_Introducing Joss Stone_ received mixed to positive criticism from critics.

## Track listing

- Sampling credits
- "Headturner" contains an interpolation of "Respect" by Otis Redding.
- "Music" contains an interpolation of "The Mask" by the Fugees.
- "Proper Nice" contains an interpolation of "Catch Me (I'm Falling)" by Pretty Poison.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of _Introducing Joss Stone_.

- Joss Stone – lead vocals, executive producer, art direction, A&R
- Isaiah Abolin – assistant engineering
- Jawara Adams – trumpet
- Chalmers "Spanky" Alford – guitar
- Chris Anokute – A&R
- Mike Boden – assistant engineering
- Oswald Bowe – assistant engineering
- Brian Bowen Smith – photography
- Chuck Brungardt – mixing, recording ; Pro Tools operator
- Jonathan "Meres" Cohen – body painting, graffiti
- Anthony Coleman – trumpet
- Lois Colin – harp
- Common – vocals
- Tom Coyne – mastering
- Reggie Dozier – string recording ; horn recording
- Joi Gilliam – backing vocals
- David Gorman – design
- Steve Greenwell – additional recording ; vocal recording
- Charlie Happiness – clavinet
- Lauryn Hill – vocals
- Lionel Holoman – organ ; Rhodes ; keyboards ; Wurlitzer
- Keisha Jackson – backing vocals
- Priscilla Jones Campbell – backing vocals
- Vinnie Jones – voiceover
- Justin Kessler – Pro Tools operator
- Dave Larring – additional recording
- Joshua Lutz – mural
- Jeremy Mackenzie – Pro Tools operator
- Marlon Marcel – assistant engineering

- Kate McGregor – art coordinator
- Mix Master Mike – turntables
- Dror Mohar – assistant engineering
- Sean Mosher-Smith – art direction
- Robert Ozuna – sitar ; percussion ; additional drums ; drums ; turntables
- Khari Parker – percussion ; drums ; additional drums
- Jermaine Paul – backing vocals
- Tino Richardson – saxophone
- Raphael Saadiq – production ; bass ; guitar ; backing vocals ; horn arrangements ; keyboards ; piano
- Bob Scott – photography
- Ian Shea – assistant engineering
- Luke Smith – assistant engineering
- Scott Somerville – assistant engineering
- Glenn Standridge – mixing, production coordinator, recording
- Charlie Stavish – assistant engineering
- Neil Symonette – percussion
- James Tanksley – assistant engineering
- John Tanksley – assistant engineering
- Amy Touma – A&R
- Seamus Tyson – assistant engineering
- Kenneth "Scooter" Whalum III – tenor saxophone ; baritone saxophone
- Benjamin Wright – string arrangements ; horn arrangements
- James Zellar – trombone

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Introducing Joss Stone
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joss Stone
- **recorded**: April 2006 – January 2007
- **producer**: Raphael Saadiq
- **prev title**: Mind Body & Soul
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: Colour Me Free!
- **next year**: 2009
David Ashby (speedway rider)

**David Ashby** (11 November 1949 – 16 September 2015) was a British motorcycle speedway rider. He rode for Swindon Robins between 1972 and 1978, making 151 appearances. He also rode with Peterborough Panthers and Milton Keynes Knights. He retired in 1979.

Ashby was born in Marlborough, Wiltshire. His brother was Martin Ashby. He had two sons, Lee and Jamie.

Ashby died from cancer on 16 September 2015 in Swindon, Wiltshire. He was 65.
Maternal insult

A **maternal insult** (also referred to as a **"yo mama"** joke) is a reference to a person's mother. This is through the use of phrases such as "your mother" or other variations, often used to insult the target by way of their mother.  "Your mother" can be combined with most types of insults, although suggestions of promiscuity are common. One of the purposes of these insults is to incite violence. Slang variants such as "yo mama", "yo momma", "ur mom", "yer ma", "ya mum", "your mum", "ya mudda" or "your mom" are sometimes used, depending on the local dialect.

## Historic examples

- In the Bible, King Joram is greeted by the rebel Jehu with an angry expression about Joram's mother:

> When Joram saw Jehu, he said, "Is it peace, Jehu?"
> And he answered, "What peace, so long as the harlotries of your mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many?"

- William Shakespeare used such a device in Act I Scene 1 of _Timon of Athens_:
> _Painter_: "Y'are a dog."
> _Apemantus_: "Thy mother's of my generation. What's she, if I be a dog?"

(In this example, the implication is that the mother is a "bitch".)

- The world's oldest yo momma joke was written about 1,500 BC. It loses much in the translation but was found in Iraq on an ancient tablet:

> '' “...of your mother is by the one who has intercourse with her. What/who is it?
> (No answer)”

While it cannot be completely deciphered, it is clear some comment is being made about somebody's mother.

## Related pages

- Insult

## Other websites

- Yo Momma  - MTV television show involving the mother-insult style of insult comedy]
Origins of the blues

The **origin of the blues**. Little is known about the origin of the music known as the blues.  No year can be cited as the origin, because the style evolved over a long period. Ethnomusicologist Gerhard Kubik traces the roots of many of its elements back to the African continent, the "cradle of the blues".

One early mention comes from 1901, when an archaeologist in Mississippi described the songs of black workers which had lyrical themes and technical elements in common with the blues.

There are few characteristics common to all blues. The genre takes its shape from the peculiarities of each individual performance. Some characteristics are common to most styles of African American music. The earliest blues-like music was a "functional expression, rendered in a call-and-response style without accompaniment or harmony and unbounded by the formality of any particular musical structure". This pre-blues music was adapted from the field shouts and hollers performed during slave times, expanded into "simple solo songs laden with emotional content".

Many of these blues elements, such as the call-and-response format, can be traced back to the music of Africa. When African slaves went to work in North America, they took musical traditions with them. Early forms of music include spirituals and work songs. Spirituals were religious songs and work songs were sung to the rhythm of working. Work songs included a vocal call and response, or where the lead drummer makes a beat and then the others respond to it.

The majority of blues songs have four beats in a bar, and are built on the 12 bar blues form which uses three phrases, each four bars long. They can also use the blue scale.
Mürwik

**Mürwik** (also: _Muerwik_, Danish: _Mørvig_) is a district of Flensburg. It is on the east side of the Flensburg Firth (estuary) on the peninsula of Angeln. It is well known for the Naval Academy Mürwik with its sail training ship Gorch Fock. It was where the last government of Nazi Germany, called the Flensburg government led by Karl Dönitz was located. It is also the location of the _Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt_ (KBA), Germany's Federal Motor Transport Authority.

## Geography

There are five communities in Mürwik:
- Stützpunkt Flensburg-Mürwik
- Osbek (Danish: _Osbæk_)
- Wasserloos (Danish: _Vandløs_)
- Friedheim
- Solitüde (also: Solitude, Danish: _Solitude_)

The highest elevation of the district is about  above sea level. Mürwik also has some natural undeveloped areas, such as the nature reserve at Twedter field.

## History

Mürwik was first mentioned in 1734. The Naval Academy Mürwik was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets spent three months training then would go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Dönitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Mürwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered.
Mürwik Naval School

The **Naval Academy Mürwik** (German: _Marineschule Mürwik_) is the training school for German Navy officers in Flensburg-Mürwik. The castle-like building overlooks the Flensburg Fjord. Called the "Red Castle", it is well known for its beautiful architecture. It was patterned after the Marienburg (Malbork Castle) in Poland, the seat of the Teutonic Knights.

## History

The academy was opened 1 October 1910. At the start of World War I in August 1914, the academy was temporarily closed. The Germans thought the war would be short. It reopened in January 1915. Cadets would spend three months training then go to sea to train aboard cruisers. At the end of World War II, after Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Admiral Karl Dönitz set up the last Nazi government at Flensburg-Mürwik academy. A few days later Germany surrendered.

Currently cadets spend a year at Flensburg-Mürwik academy before going on to study at the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr in Hamburg or the Bundeswehr University Munich.
John Galvin (general)

**John Rogers Galvin** (May 13, 1929 – September 25, 2015) was an American army general. He served as the sixth dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He was a member of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century. He was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts.

Galvin died in Jonesboro, Georgia, aged 86.
Claude Dauphin (businessman)

**Claude Dauphin** (10 June, 1951 – September 30, 2015) was a French billionaire businessman, and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV. He had served as Trafigura's chairman and CEO. In March 2013 his net wealth was estimated at $1 billion by _Forbes_.

Dauphin died in the early hours of September 30, 2015 in a hospital in Bogota, Colombia from cancer, aged 64.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Claude Dauphin
- **image**: Claude Dauphin, CEO Trafigura.jpg
- **birth date**: June 10, 1951
- **birth place**: France
- **death date**: September 30, 2015 (aged 64)
- **death place**: Bogotá, Colombia
- **nationality**: French people, French
- **occupation**: Executive chairman  of Trafigura Beheer BV
- **known for**: Billionaire Commodity market, commodities trader
Kelly Gissendaner

**Kelly Renee Gissendaner** (March 8, 1968 – September 30, 2015) was an American woman who was executed by the state of Georgia. Gissendaner had been convicted of orchestrating the murder of her husband, Douglas Gissendaner, in 1997.  At the time of the murder, Gissendaner was 28 and her husband was 30. After her conviction, and until her execution, Gissendaner was the only woman on death row in Georgia.
Ernest Moniz

**Ernest Jeffrey Moniz** GCIH (born December 22, 1944) is an American nuclear physicist. He was the United States Secretary of Energy, serving under U.S. President Barack Obama from May 2013 to January 2017.

## Other websites

- Moniz Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, to Consider the Nomination of Dr. Ernest Moniz to be the Secretary of Energy, April 9, 2013
- Dr. Ernest Moniz at the United States Department of Energy
- "Why We Still Need Nuclear Power", Making Clean Energy Safe and Affordable by Ernest Moniz in November/December 2011 Foreign Affairs

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ernest Moniz
- **image**: Moniz official portrait standing.jpg
- **office**: 13th United States Secretary of Energy
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **deputy**: Daniel Poneman
Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
- **term start**: May 21, 2013
- **term end**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor**: Steven Chu
- **successor**: Rick Perry
- **birth name**: Ernest Jeffrey Moniz
- **birth place**: Fall River, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Naomi Moniz
- **alma mater**: Boston College
Stanford University
Arrowhead Stadium

**Arrowhead Stadium** is a football stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. GEHA purchased stadium rights. It is home to the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs. It is the largest sports facility by capacity in the state of Missouri. A $375 million renovation was completed in 2010.
Lieutenant governor

A **lieutenant governor**, **lieutenant-governor**, or **vice governor** is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction, but is often the deputy or lieutenant to or ranking under a governor — a "second-in-command"

In the United States, lieutenant governors are usually second-in-command to a state governor, and the actual power held by the lieutenant governor varies greatly from state to state.
James D. Watkins

**James David Watkins** (March 7, 1927July 26, 2012) was an American politician. He was a United States Navy admiral and former Chief of Naval Operations.

He served as the U.S. Secretary of Energy during the George H. W. Bush administration, also chairing U.S. government commissions on HIV/AIDS and ocean policy. Watkins also served on the boards of various companies and other nongovernmental organizations and as the co-chair of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative.

Watkins died of congestive heart failure on July 26, 2012 in Alexandria, Virginia at the age of 85.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: James D. Watkins
- **birth name**: James David Watkins
- **image**: Watkins-courtesy DOE.jpg
- **caption**: Watkins as Secretary of Energy 1989-1993
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: United States Secretary of Energy
- **president**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start**: March 1, 1989
- **term end**: January 20, 1993
- **predecessor**: John S. Herrington, John Herrington
- **successor**: Hazel R. O'Leary, Hazel O'Leary
- **office1**: Chief of Naval Operations
- **president1**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start1**: June 30, 1982
- **term end1**: June 30, 1986
- **predecessor1**: Thomas B. Hayward, Thomas Hayward
- **successor1**: Carlisle Trost
- **birth place**: Alhambra, California, Alhambra, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Alexandria, Virginia, Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.
- **resting place**: Arlington National Cemetery
- **spouse**: Sheila Jo McKinney Watkins (first wife; 1950 - 1996, her death)
Janet McDonough Watkins
- **children**: Katherine Watkins Coopersmith
Charlie Watkins
Laura Jo Watkins
Susan Watkins
James David Watkins, Jr.
Edward Francis Watkins
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **alma mater**: United States Naval Academy
Naval Postgraduate School
- **allegiance**: Years of Service: 1949-1986
- **rank**:  Admiral (United States), Admiral
- **commands**: Chief of Naval Operations
- **awards**: Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit (3)
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star ("V" Device, Valor)"
Commendation Medal, Navy Commendation Medal
Navy Expeditionary Medal
China Service Medal
World War II Victory Medal (United States), WWII Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Service Medal
National Defense Service Medal (2)
Vietnam Service Medal (5)
United Nations Korea Medal
 Vietnam Campaign Medal
- **battles**: World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
Deadly Relations

***Deadly Relations*** is a 1993 American television film directed by Bill Condon. It stars Robert Urich, Shelley Fabares and Gwyneth Paltrow. The film originally aired on ABC on May 22, 1993.
No Child of Mine

***No Child of Mine*** is a February 1997 British documentary-drama and domestic violence television movie.  It is about the true case of a 13-year-old girl named Kerry (played by Brooke Kinsella). Kerry was sexually abused and bullied at several times by her abusive mother, Linda (played by Sharon Small), and her father, Jim (played by Bill Geraghty).
Hurricane Joaquin

**Hurricane Joaquin** (wah-keen) was a strong tropical cyclone. It threatened the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States.

Joaquin  became the most powerful cyclone in the Atlantic in 2015.  Hurricane Joaquin passed over the warmest ocean temperatures since record keeping began in 1880, of near 86°F (30°C).

The storm developed on September 28. It became Tropical Storm Joaquin on September 29, and a hurricane the day after.

The storm later threatened Bermuda.

Thirty-four people were killed in the storm, including 33 on the ship _El Faro_.

The name _Joaquin_ was retired. It was replaced with _Julian_.
Hadi Norouzi

**Hadi Norouzi** (‎; 22 June 1985 – 1 October 2015) was an Iranian footballer. He played as a striker and winger. He was best known for playing for Persepolis, and became the club's captain two months before his death. He also had spells with clubs Pasargad Tehran, Fajr Sepah Tehran, Gahar Zagros and Naft Tehran. Norouzi was born in Babol, Mazandaran Province.

Norouzi died from a heart attack on 1 October 2015 in Tehran. He was 30.

## Other websites

- Hadi Norouzi  at PersianLeague.com
- Hadi Norouzi at TeamMelli.com
Cape Fear (1962 movie)

***Cape Fear*** is a 1962 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by J. Lee Thompson and it was produced by Sy Bartlett. _Cape Fear_ was released on April 12, 1962. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel _The Executioners_. The movie is about an attorney who along with his family is stalked by a vengeful criminal who he had helped send to jail for rape. A remake of the movie was made by Martin Scorsese and was released in 1991.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 95% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Bosley Crowther of the New York Times said that he liked the "tough, tight script" and the "steady and starkly sinister style" that the movie had to it. He finished his review by saying "this is really one of those shockers that provokes disgust and regret." Cady was ranked as #28 on the American Film Institute's list of top 50 movie villains of all time.

## Cast

- Gregory Peck as Sam Bowden
- Robert Mitchum as Max Cady
- Polly Bergen as Peggy Bowden
- Lori Martin as Nancy Bowden
- Martin Balsam as Mark Dutton
- Jack Kruschen as Dave Grafton
- Telly Savalas as Charlie Sievers
- Barrie Chase as Diane Taylor
- Paul Comi as George Garner
- Edward Platt as Judge

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Cape Fear
- **director**: J. Lee Thompson
- **producer**: Sy Bartlett
- **screenplay**: James R. Webb (writer), James R. Webb
- **story**: _The Executioners (MacDonald novel), The Executioners_ by John D. MacDonald
- **starring**: Robert Mitchum
Gregory Peck
Martin Balsam
Polly Bergen
Lori Martin
- **music**: Bernard Herrmann
- **cinematography**: Sam Leavitt
- **editing**: George Tomasini
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **released**: April 12, 1962
- **runtime**: 105 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Cape Fear (1991 movie)

***Cape Fear*** is a 1991 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Martin Scorsese and it was produced by Barbara De Fina. _Cape Fear_ was released on November 13, 1991. It is adapted from the John D. MacDonald novel _The Executioners_. It is a remake of the 1962 movie directed by J. Lee Thompson. The movie is about an attorney who is stalked along with his family by a vengeful criminal he had defended in court against rape charges, but was sent to jail for eight years.

## Reviews

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 76% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars and said that he liked the "Cape Fear is impressive moviemaking, showing Scorsese as a master of a traditional Hollywood genre who is able to mold it to his own themes and obsessions. But as I look at this $35 million movie with big stars, special effects and production values, I wonder whether it represents a good omen from the finest director now at work."

## Awards

At the 64th Academy Awards, Robert De Niro was nominated in the category of Best Actor and Juliette Lewis was nominated in the category of Best Supporting Actress but neither of them won. At the 49th Golden Globe Awards, De Niro was nominated for Best Actor – Drama and Lewis was nominated for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture.

## Cast

- Robert De Niro as Max Cady
- Nick Nolte as Sam Bowden
- Jessica Lange as Leigh Bowden
- Juliette Lewis as Danielle Bowden
- Joe Don Baker as Claude Kersek
- Robert Mitchum as Lt. Elgart
- Gregory Peck as Lee Heller
- Illeana Douglas as Lori Davis
- Fred Dalton Thompson as Tom Broadbent
- Zully Montero as Graciella
- Martin Balsam as Judge
- Charles Scorsese as Fruitstand Customer

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Cape Fear
- **director**: Martin Scorsese
- **producer**: Barbara De Fina
- **screenplay**: Wesley Strick
- **story**: _The Executioners (MacDonald novel), The Executioners_ by John D. MacDonald
- **starring**: Robert De Niro
Nick Nolte
Juliette Lewis
Jessica Lange
Joe Don Baker
Robert Mitchum
Gregory Peck
- **music**: Elmer Bernstein
- **cinematography**: Freddie Francis
- **editing**: Thelma Schoonmaker
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **studio**: Amblin Entertainment
Tribeca Productions
Cappa Films
- **released**: November 13, 1991
- **runtime**: 127 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $35 million
- **gross**: $182.3 million
Edith Claire Bryce

**Edith Claire Bryce** (May 6, 1880 – February 28, 1960) was an American peace activist. She founded the Peace House.

## Biography

Bryce was born on May 6, 1880. Her father was General Lloyd Stephens Bryce, the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. Her mother was Edith Cooper Bryce, a Millionairess who died in 1916 leaving $ 3,000,000 to her family in her will. She married John Sergeant Cram. She founded Peace House, dedicated to the advancement of peace. She died on February 28, 1960. She was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery.

## Other websites

- Edith Claire Bryce at Findagrave
Bye (sports)

A **bye** in sports and other competitive activities can have two different meanings. Both mean that a participant in a competition is not required to compete while most of the other participants are. Its main use is in tournament competitions. In single-elimination tournaments, when there are an odd number of participants, a bye allows one or more to play in a later round. Other types of eliminator tournaments may also include a bye for others reasons. An example would be as a reward for the best ranked team(s).

In round-robin tournaments where there are an odd number of competitors, usually one gets a bye in each round. However, over the whole tournament, each team plays the same number of games.

Similar to the round-robin context, in leagues where most teams play on the same days during regular-season play, a team that does not play on a given day is said to be on bye. In sports that are played weekly, especially gridiron football, a team that does not play at all during a given week is said to be on its **bye week**. For example, during the regular football Season in the NFL, each team gets a week off (bye week) during the regular season.
Ten Thousand Fists

***Ten Thousand Fists*** is the third studio album by Disturbed. Disturbed is an American heavy metal band. The album was released on September 20, 2005. It was the band's first album with John Moyer playing the bass guitar. This is because Steve Kmak left the band in 2003. The album was produced by John Karkazis. It was the band's third album produced by Karkazis.

The album was number one on the _Billboard_ 200, an American music chart. It was Disturbed's second album to do this. In one week, over 200,000 copies of the album were sold. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. The album also had a cover version of "Land of Confusion". This is a song by Genesis. The cover was number one on _Billboard_<nowiki/>'s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The album was made for Dimebag Darrell, a music maker that was killed before it was released.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Ten Thousand Fists
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Disturbed (band), Disturbed
- **released**: September 20, 2005
- **recorded**: January – June 2005
- **studio**: Groovemaster Studios in Chicago, Illinois
- **length**: 56:00
Hedjet

**Hedjet** is the name for the White Crown of Upper Egypt, used in Ancient Egypt. The crown was white and after Lower and Upper Egypt joined together, it was combined with the Deshret, the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. This Double Crown was called the Pschent. The symbol sometimes used for the Hedjet was the vulture goddess Nekhbet. This would be shown next to the head of the cobra goddess  Wadjet, the Uraeus  on the Pschent.

## History

The white crown has a long history, going back into the Predynastic Period. This shows that kingship had been the base of Egyptian society for some time. The earliest image of the Hedjet was thought to have been in the Qustul in Nubia. New discoveries, particularly the excavation of Cemetery U and the tome U-j, dating to Naqada IIIA have shown that it appears earlier in Egypt.

Nekhbet, the protective goddess of Nekhebet (modern el Kab) near Hierakonpolis, was shown as a woman, sometimes with the head of a vulture, wearing the White Crown. The falcon god Horus of Hierakonpolis (Egyptian: Nekhen) was generally shown wearing a White Crown. The White Crown is on the Narmer Palette found at Hierakonpolis. It shows the king of the South wearing the _hedjet_, triumphing over his northern enemies.  The kings of the united Egypt saw themselves as successors of Horus. Vases from the reign of Khasekhemwy show the king as Horus wearing the White Crown.

As with the Deshret (Red Crown), no example of the White Crown has survived.  It is unknown how it was made or what materials were used. It is possible it was made from felt or leather. The fact that no crown has ever been found, might suggest that the crown was passed from one ruler to the next, much as in present day monarchies.
Rose Livingston

**Rose Livingston** (circa 1885 - after 1937) was an American suffragist and former prostitute. She was known as the "Angel of Chinatown". She worked with prostitutes and victims of sexual slavery.

## Biography

In 1912 while trying to rescue a prostitute she was severely beaten.

In 1914 she participated in one of the Suffrage Hikes from Manhattan to Albany, New York.

In 1929, she was given a gold medal by the National Institute of Social Science.

In 1934 she was found living in poverty. A retirement fund was established for her.

In 1937 she was awarded a silver cup by Edith Claire Bryce (1880-1960)  of the Peace House for her "deeds of courage without violence".
Joe Wark

**Joe Wark** (9 October 1947 – 1 October 2015) was a Scottish professional footballer. He spent all of his professional career with Motherwell. He made 464 appearances for the club in the Scottish Football League between 1968 and 1984. He was born in Glasgow.

Wark died after a long illness on 1 October 2015. He was 67.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Joe Wark
- **birth place**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **youthclubs1**: Irvine Victoria F.C., Irvine Victoria
- **position**: Defender (association football), Left back
- **years1**: 1968–1984
- **clubs1**: Motherwell F.C., Motherwell
- **caps1**: 464
- **goals1**: 14
- **nationalyears1**: 1976
- **nationalteam1**: Scottish Football League XI
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Jacob Pressman

**Jacob** "**Jack**" **Pressman** (October 26, 1919 – October 1, 2015) was an American Conservative rabbi. He was the rabbi of Temple Beth Am in Los Angeles, California from 1950 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the American Jewish University in Bel Air. He also wrote a weekly column in _The Beverly Hills Courier_ from 2004 to 2015.

Pressman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was born to Jewish parents, Solomon and Dora Pressman. He was married to Marjorie. They had three children.

Pressman died on October 1, 2015 in Beverly Hills, California. He was 95.
Max Keeping

**Winston Maxwell** "**Max**" **Keeping**  (April 1, 1942 – October 1, 2015) was a Canadian broadcaster and philanthropist. He was CJOH-DT vice-president of news and public affairs. CJOH-DT is the CTV station in Ottawa, Ontario. He was an anchor for the station from 1972 until his retirement in 2010.

Keeping was born in Grand Bank, Newfoundland. He died from cancer in Ottawa, aged 73.
Usnija Redžepova

**Usnija Redžepova**  (; 4 February 1946 – 1 October 2015) was a Macedonian who belongend to the Romani people actress and singer. She appeared in the movies _Zenidba nosaca Samuela_ (1973), _The Dervish and Death_ (1974) and _Kostana_ (1980). She was given a national pension from the Serbian government on 29 December 2011.

Redžepova was born in Skopje. She was of Romani people. She died from lung cancer in Belgrade, aged 69.
Ricky Talan

**Rick** "**Ricky**" **Talan** (3 November 1960 – 30 September 2015) was a Dutch footballer. He was striker. He played for the clubs AZ Alkmaar, Vitesse, Cercle Brugge and Haarlem between 1979 and 1988.

Talan was born in Katwijk, South Holland. His younger brother, Jeffrey Talan, was also a footballer.

Talan died from brain cancer on 30 September 2015 in Zevenaar, Gelderland. He was 54.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Rick Talan
- **image**: Hans Eykenbroek en Ricky Talan (1982).jpg
- **caption**: Talan (right) with Hans Eijkenbroek in 1982
- **birth place**: Katwijk, Netherlands
- **death place**: Zevenaar, Netherlands
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **youthclubs1**: VV Katwijk, Katwijk
- **years1**: 1979–1985
- **clubs1**: AZ Alkmaar, AZ'67
- **caps1**: 95
- **goals1**: 39
- **years2**: 1981–1982
- **clubs2**: → Cercle Brugge K.S.V., Cercle Brugge (loan)
- **caps2**: 13
- **goals2**: 2
- **years3**: 1985
- **clubs3**: → HFC Haarlem, Haarlem (loan)
- **caps3**: 13
- **goals3**: 2
- **years4**: 1986–1988
- **clubs4**: Vitesse Arnhem
- **caps4**: 78
- **goals4**: 38
- **totalcaps**: 199
- **totalgoals**: 81
Hovsta

**Hovsta** is a locality in Örebro Municipality in Örebro County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,785 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hovsta
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Örebro Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Örebro County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Närke
- **area total km2**: 1.66
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 2,785
- **population density km2**: 1673
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Richard W. Mallary

**Richard Walker Mallary** (February 21, 1929 – September 27, 2011) was an American politician. He was as a U.S. Representative from Vermont representing Vermont's At-large congressional district from 1972 to 1975.

Mallary died of prostate cancer in Brookfield, Vermont, aged 82.

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Richard W. Mallary
- **image**: Richard W. Mallary.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **state**: Vermont
- **district**: Vermont's At-large congressional district, At-large
- **term start**: January 7, 1972
- **term end**: January 3, 1975
- **predecessor**: Robert Stafford
- **successor**: Jim Jeffords
- **birth place**: Springfield, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Brookfield, Vermont
- **spouse**: Mary Harper Coxe
Jeannie (Loud) Brownell
- **residence**: Fairlee, Vermont
Brookfield, Vermont
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **profession**: farmer
business executive
- **alma mater**: Dartmouth College
Coronel Suárez

**Coronel Suárez** is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is the head town of the Coronel Suárez Partido.

## History

The Partido was created in 1882 and the city was founded in 1883. It was named after Manuel Isidoro Suárez, a colonel of Argentine army who fought in the Battle of Junín in 1824.