juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Learner's permit

A **learner's permit** can also be called a **driver's permit**, **learner's license**, or **provisional license**.  It is given to those who are learning to drive a car but do not meet the requirements for a driver's license.  Many countries require drivers to have a learner's permit for some time before they can be given a driver's license.

Getting a learner's permit usually means a person has to take a written test about the rules of the road, such as traffic signs and road safety.  There is also a minimum age.  Depending on the area, the minimum age can range from 14 to 19 years.

For example, in Victoria, Australia, a person must be 16 years old and pass a written road rules test to get a Learner's permit. The written test consists of 32 questions on road rules; and 25 must be answered correctly. The person must also pass an eyesight test. There are restrictions on what a person with a Victorian learner's permit can do. They must have a sign with the letter "L" (called an L plate) on both the front and back of the car. They must have a fully licenced driver with them at all times. They are not allowed to drive if they have drunk any alcohol. They are not allowed to tow anything behind the car. They must have the learner's permit for 12 months, and completed 120 hours before they allowed to be tested for a full licence.
Ursula Burns

**Ursula M. Burns** (born 20 September 1958) is an American businesswoman. She was the CEO of Xerox from 2009 to 2017. Burns was the first African American woman to be CEO of the company. She was listed as the 14th most powerful woman in the world in 2009  by Forbes .  Burns is from Manhattan, New York.
Cedar Rapids (movie)

***Cedar Rapids*** is a 2011 comedy movie. It is about an insurance agent from Wisconsin who travels to Cedar Rapids, Iowa for reasons of promotion. In this movie are Anne Heche and Sigourney Weaver. The movie received positive reviews by the critics.

## Plot

Naive insurance agent Tim Lippe welcomes his former teacher into his home. He has sex with her. He goes over his experience as a student.

In his position as an insurance agent, he is sent to represent his company, the Brownstar Insurance in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He does this as a replacement for his co-worker, Roger Lemke. Lemke died in an auto-erotic asphyxiation accident. Tim idolized Roger. He believes Roger's death was just an unfortunate accident.

Tim's boss, Bill, pressures him to win again to make sure they keep the company on top. At the conference, Lippe meets fellow insurance agents Ronald Wilkes, Dean Ziegler and Joan Ostrowski-Fox. He also meets Bree, a sex worker who works the parking lot near a hotel. She calls him "Butterscotch" when he offers her candy.

Tim is paired with Joan. When they win, they become drunk with Dean in the hotel's swimming pool. Tim and Joan's sexual tension builds to a head. They make out in the pool. They have sex in Joan's hotel room.

Tim runs into Dean. He lets slip about Lemke's bribery. As his friend, Dean agrees to not tell anyone. Tim later comes across Bree. he takes her to a party, then starts a fight. Ron, Dean and Joan come just in time to rescue him and Bree. Bree says she's in love with Tim.

## Cast

- Ed Helms as Tim Lippe
- John C. Reilly as Dean Ziegler
- Anne Heche as Joan Ostrowski-Fox
- Isiah Whitlock Jr. as Ronald Wilkes
- Stephen Root as Bill Krogstad
- Kurtwood Smith as Orin Helgesson
- Alia Shawkat as Bree
- Rob Corddry as Gary
- Mike O'Malley as Mike Pyle
- Sigourney Weaver as Macy Vanderhei
- Thomas Lennon as Roger Lemke
- Inga R. Wilson as Gwen Lemke
- Welker White as Diane Krogstad
- Steve Blackwood as Lindy
- Lise Lacasse as Lila
- Mike Birbiglia as Trent

## Production

The movie was shot in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan rather than Cedar Rapids, Iowa itself because of the failure of an Iowa movie production tax credit.

## Reception

_Cedar Rapids_ has an 86% rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 160 critics.
Jind State

**Jind State** was a princely state in Punjab. It was founded in 1763 by Gajpat Singh of Jind (1738-1789).

## Rulers of Jind State (1763-1947)

- Raja Gajpat Singh (r.1763-1789)
- Raja Bhag Singh (r.1789-1819)
- Prince Pratap Singh Revolts and Takes power (r.1814-1816)
- Raja Fateh Singh (r.1819-1822)
- Raja Sangat Singh (r.1822-1834)
- A vacancy of three years (1834-1837)
- Raja Sarup Singh (r.1837-1864)
- Raja Raghbir Singh (r.1864-1887)
- Raja Ranbir Singh (r.1887-1948)
- Raja Rajbir Singh (r.1948-1959)
- Jind Royal Family signed the Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India. (1947-1948).

## Religion in Jind State

Hinduism and Islam were the main religions of the State. The Sikhs dominated the northern areas of Jind State.
White Zombie

**White Zombie** was an American heavy metal band.  White Zombie was originally a noise rock band, but they are better-known for their later heavy metal sound.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: White Zombie
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **years active**: 1985–1998
- **origin**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, groove metal, , industrial metal,  (early)
- **label**: Silent Explosion, Caroline Records (U.S.), Caroline, Geffen Records, Geffen
- **past members**: Rob Zombie
Jay Noel Yuenger
Sean Yseult
John Tempesta
Ivan de Prume
Tom Guay
Paul Kostabi, Ena Kostabi
John Ricci
Vought F4U Corsair

The **Vought F4U Corsair** was a fighter aircraft that fought in World War II and the Korean War. Vought could not keep up with demand for the aircraft, so Goodyear and Brewster made them. It was deployed in large numbers starting in 1944, and has longest production run of any piston-engined fighter in U.S. history (1942–1953).

The Corsair was used by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marines, Fleet Air Arm and the Royal New Zealand Air Force, as well as the French Navy _Aéronavale_ and other, smaller, air forces.  Some Japanese pilots said it was the best American fighter of World War II, and the U.S. Navy reported an 11:1 kill ratio.  Besides serving as a fighter, it became the most capable carrier-based fighter-bomber of World War II.

The F4U Corsair was an elite **late-war** **fighter** aircraft. The F4U corsair was primarily used by the U.S. Navy in the mid 1940’s and farther, but there were variations to create a ground-suitable model. These aircraft came equipped with several **browning machine guns** and a **big engine**, and a handy tow-hook, to assist in **carrier landings**. A unique characteristic of the F4U Corsair are its **Gull Wings**, as it began angled downwards, and then upwards. This was used for easy storing on aircraft-carriers**.** Though, many early accidents occured in the developing and testing of this aircraft for carrier landings.

The Corsair also saw action in the Korean War and in the 1969 Soccer War. The Grumman F6F Hellcat was easier to fly The Corsair had early problems landing on an aircraft carrier, so its first combat flights were from land bases. There were three different types of the Corsair.

- F4U Corsair 1-A with 6 light caliber browning machine guns, three on one wing.
- F4U Corsair 1-D again with 6 light caliber browning machine gun
- F4U Corsair 1-C equipped with 4 heavy caliber cannons, 2 on one wing.

The Corsair had high agility. With its Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp 18-cylinder engine producing over 2000 horsepower, the Corsair was the first US single engine fighter to fly faster than 400 miles per hour.

During the war, the Corsair flew over 64,000 sorties, shot down over 2,000 enemy aircraft, and only lost 189 planes in action to the enemy. The aircraft designer, Rex Beisel, developed a new inverted gull wing design. This allowed the landing gear to be short and sturdy while still providing ground clearance for the propeller.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: F4U Corsair
- **image**: File:Vought F4U Corsair (USMC).jpg
- **caption**: A restored F4U-4 Corsair in Korean War-era U.S. Marine Corps markings


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Carrier-based aircraft, Carrier-based fighter-bomber
- **national origin**: United States
- **manufacturer**: Vought, Chance Vought
- **first flight**: 29 May 1940
- **introduction**: 28 December 1942
- **retired**: 1953 (United States)
1979 (Honduras)
- **primary user**: United States Navy
- **more users**: United States Marine Corps
Royal Navy
Royal New Zealand Air Force
- **produced**: 1942–53
- **number built**: 12,571
- **variants with their own articles**: Goodyear F2G Corsair
Douglas Sirk

**Douglas Sirk** (April 26, 1897 – January 14, 1987) was a movie director. He is best known for his lush romantic movies of the 1950s such as _All That Heaven Allows_. His movies were thought banal and unimportant by contemporary critics. Today however they are regarded as masterpieces and ironic commentaries on American life and society.

## Sirk's life and work

Sirk was born Hans Detlef Sierck in Hamburg, Germany. His parent were Danish. He grew up in Denmark, but moved to Germany as a teenager. His theater career began in 1922 and his movie career in 1934.  He left Germany in 1937. By 1942 he was directing movies in Hollywood. He is famous for lush romantic movies made between 1952 and 1958. At the height of his career, he quit making movies. He left the United States. Sirk died in Lugano, Switzerland about thirty years later. In 1985, he was awarded the Bavarian Film Award, Honorary Award.

## A selection of Sirk's movies

- _Magnificent Obsession_ (1954)
- _All That Heaven Allows_ (1955)
- _Written on the Wind_ (1956)
- _Imitation of Life_ (1959)

## What the critics thought

Sirk's movies were very successful at the box office, but the critics did not like them. They thought his movies unimportant and banal because they were about women and exaggerated emotions. His conspicuous style was considered unrealistic. Critical opinion changed in the 1970s.  Analysis revealed Sirk's movies actually criticized American society beneath a banal surface plot. His movies are now regarded as masterpieces of irony. Sirk's reputation was also helped by a widespread nostalgia for old-fashioned Hollywood films. His movies have influenced other directors. Todd Haynes's _Far From Heaven_, for example, is a conscious attempt to replicate a typical Sirk movie. Roger Ebert has remarked that "To appreciate a film like _Written on the Wind_ probably takes more sophistication than to understand one of Ingmar Bergman's masterpieces, because Bergman's themes are visible and underlined, while with Sirk the style conceals the message."
Qadar Yar

**Qadar Yar** (1802–1892), was a Muslim Jatt of the Sandhu caste. He was born in the village Machhike, in Gujranwala District in Punjab (in modern-day Pakistan) during the rule of the Sikh Empire. He was the court poet of the Lahore Sikh _Darbar_, during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He is considered an important poet of Punjabi language and his famous epic _Puran Bhagat_ is ranked amongst the great Punjabi classics.
Ninna

was a  after _Gangyō_ and before _Kanpyō._  This period started in February 885 and ended in April 889.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Ninna_ era

- **17 September 887** (_Ninna 3, 26th day of the 8th month_): Emperor Kōkō died at the age of 57.  Kōkō's third son received the succession (_senso_).  Shortly thereafter, Emperor Uda formally acceded to the throne (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

- **12 May 887** (_Ninna 3, 17th day of the 11th month_): Mototsune asks Uda for permission to retire from his duties; but the emperor persuades him to continue to serve as _kampaku_.

- **887** (_Ninna 4, 8th month_): Construction of the Buddhist temple complex at  was completed; and a former disciple of Kōbō-daishi was named to be the leader of the monks who lived there.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ninna|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||885|886|888|889|
My Love Is Your Love (song)

The song "**My Love Is Your Love**" was the fourth single taken off the album of the same name. Sung by deceased singer Whitney Houston and co-written by Jerry Duplessis and Wyclef Jean it was released in the summer of 1999. It reached the top-five on the Billboard Hot 100. It appeared on the Totally Hits 2 compilation album.
My Love Is Your Love

***My Love Is Your Love*** is the fourth studio album by American singer Whitney Houston. It was released in late 1998. The album had five singles. One of these was a duet with Mariah Carey named "When You Believe". Other singles were "Heartbreak Hotel" with Faith Evans and Kelly Price, "It's Not Right, But It's Okay", "My Love Is Your Love", and "I Learned From The Best".

The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. It was nominated for seven Grammy Awards. Houston won one of them. It was her last Grammy Award. "When You Believe" won an Academy Award.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: My Love Is Your Love
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Whitney Houston
- **recorded**: August–October 1998
- **length**: 60:35
- **label**: Arista Records, Arista
Moving the goalposts

**Moving the goalposts** or **shifting the goalposts** is an idiom which means changing the terms of a debate or a conflict after it has started.

The phrase describes changing the target or goal of a process. In a dispute or a competition, the idiom explains what one side does in order to gain advantage.

## History

This phrase comes from sports that use goalposts, such as football.

In 1978, the _Washington Post_ published the phrase, quoting the CEO of American Airlines who said, "'They keep moving the goal posts." In Britain, the earliest known published use was in 1987.

## Logical fallacy

The idiom identifies a kind of logical fallacy. In an argument, when evidence is presented in response to a specific claim, it is "moving the goalposts" when some other evidence is demanded instead.

In other words, after an attempt has been made to score a goal, the goalposts are moved to exclude the attempt. The problem with changing the rules of the game is that the meaning of the result is changed too. It counts for less.

## Bullying

The tactics of bullying behaviour include moving the goalposts. This means setting objectives which subtly change in ways that cannot be reached. In workplace bullying, shifting the goalposts is a conventional tactic.
Big West Conference

The **Big West Conference** is a NCAA conference that plays in the NCAA Division I. The conference is based in Irvine, California, and eight of its nine current members are from California. The other member is from Hawaii.

## Members

This is a list of colleges and universities who play sports in the Big West. Since the University of the Pacific left in 2013, all of the members are now public schools. Four are from the University of California system, five are from the California State University system, and the other is the main campus of the University of Hawaii system.

- California State University, Bakersfield ("Bakersfield") - Joined 2020
- California Polytechnic State University ("Cal Poly"; sometimes "Cal Poly SLO", from its home city of San Luis Obispo) - Joined 1996
- California State University, Fullerton ("Cal State Fullerton") - Joined 1974
- California State University, Northridge ("Cal State Northridge" or "CSUN") - Joined 2001
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa ("Hawaiʻi") - Joined 2012; leaving in 2026 for the Mountain West Conference
- California State University, Long Beach ("Long Beach State") - Joined 1969
- University of California, Davis ("UC Davis") - Joined 2007; leaving in 2026 for the Mountain West Conference
- University of California, Irvine ("UC Irvine") - Joined 1977
- University of California, Riverside ("UC Riverside") - Joined 2001
- University of California, Santa Barbara ("UC Santa Barbara") - Joined 1969

The conference once sponsored football, but dropped the sport in 2000. Three of its members play football in other conferences:
- Cal Poly and UC Davis are football members of the Big Sky Conference.
- Hawaiʻi is a football member of the Mountain West Conference, which it will fully join in 2026.
RepRap Project

The **RepRap project** is a project to develop a 3D printer (_RepRap_, short for "replicating rapid prototyper") that can print most of its own parts. All of the designs produced by the project are released under a free software license.

The RepRap project has made four machines so far: "Darwin", released in March 2007, "Mendel", released in October 2009, "Prusa Mendel" and "Huxley" released in 2010. Developers have named each after famous biologists.
Swizz Beatz

**Kasseem Daoud Dean** (born September 13, 1978), known professionally as **Swizz Beatz**, is an American DJ, record producer, and rapper. Born and raised in the Bronx borough of New York City, Dean initially embarked on his musical career as a DJ. At the age of 18, he gained recognition in the music industry through his family's record label Ruff Ryders Entertainment and his affiliation with its flagship artist, Yonkers-based rapper DMX. Working with DMX as his producer, DJ, and hype man helped Dean gain prominence as a high-profile figure in hip hop in the following years.

He is currently married to singer Alicia Keys and they have six children.

### Studio albums

Swizz Beatz has released 2 studio albums and a compilation album:
|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2007|_One Man Band Man_|
|2012|_Haute Living_|

### Compilation albums

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2002|_Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories_|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **genre**: East Coast hip hop


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Swizz Beatz
- **image**: SwizzBeatz ReebokClassic (cropped tight).JPG
- **caption**: Swizz Beatz in 2014
- **birth name**: Kasseem Daoud Dean
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York City, U.S.
- **other names**: The Monster
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **boards**: Brooklyn Museum
Monster Cable
Reebok
- **children**: 5
- **awards**: #Awards and nominations, Full list
Take Care

***Take Care*** is the second studio album by Canadian rapper, Drake. _Take Care_ was released on November 15, 2011. The album debuted at #1 on the US Billboard 200 chart and sold 631,000 copies in the United States in its first week. It received mostly positive reviews from music critics.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Take Care
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Drake (entertainer), Drake
- **released**: November 15, 2011
- **recorded**: 2010–2011
- **length**: 80:18
- **prev title**: Thank Me Later
- **prev year**: 2010
- **next title**: Nothing Was the Same
- **next year**: 2013
Magnificent Obsession (1954 movie)

***Magnificent Obsession*** is a 1954 romantic drama movie. It stars Jane Wyman and Rock Hudson. Douglas Sirk directed. The movie is based on the book _Magnificent Obsession_ by Lloyd C. Douglas.  The movie was produced by Ross Hunter and released by Universal Pictures.  Critic Howard Thompson wrote, "[The movie] is unquestionably a handsome one. Better still, generally restrained performances at least dignify a moist text, which may seem inspiration to some, pure corn to others."

## Story

Spoiled playboy Robert Merrick loses control of his speed boat.  Rescuers send for a resuscitator in Dr. Phillips's house on the other side of the lake.  While the resuscitator is being used to save Merrick's life, Dr. Phillips has a heart attack and dies.  Merrick ends up at Dr. Phillips's clinic. The doctors and nurses blame him for Dr. Phillips's death.  He tries to run away but collapses in front of Helen Phillip's car. Helen is Dr. Phillips's widow. She does not know Merrick. Merrick ends up back at the clinic.  After his discharge, he resumes his playboy life. He makes advances to Helen. She runs away, and steps into the path of an oncoming car. She is blinded by the accident. Merrick commits to becoming a doctor.  He has fallen in love with Helen. He helps her adjust to her blindness by posing as a poor medical student, "Robby".

Merrick secretly arranges for Helen to travel to Europe to consult the best eye surgeons in the world.  They tell Helen there is no hope for recovery.  Right after this, "Robby" shows up at her hotel to provide emotional support. He confesses to being Merrick.  Helen has already guessed this. Merrick asks Helen to marry him.  Helen realizes she will be a burden to him. She runs away. Many years pass.  Merrick is now a dedicated brain surgeon. He searches for Helen.  He learns she is possibly dying in a small hospital.  He goes to the hospital and discovers Helen needs complex brain surgery to save her life.  Merrick operates. Helen awakens in the morning and discovers she can see.
Fujimi, Saitama

is a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
Key & Peele

***Key & Peele*** is a comedy television show. It was created by Keegan Michael Key and Jordan Peele in 2012 and airs on Comedy Central. Keegan Michael Key and Jordan Peele are in the series as the characters. There are many characters such as the Substitute Teacher and Luther (Barack Obama's angry translator).

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
- **creator**: Keegan Michael Key
Jordan Peele
- **director**: Peter Atencio
- **starring**: Keegan Michael Key
Jordan Peele
- **producer**: Keith Raskin
- **executive producer**: Ian Roberts (actor), Ian Roberts
Keegan Michael Key
Jay Martel
Jordan Peele
- **cinematography**: Charles Papert
- **editor**: Justin Donaldson
Richard LaBrie
- **company**: Cindylou
Monkeypaw Productions
Comedy Central
Martel & Roberts Productions
- **language**: English
- **network**: Comedy Central
- **runtime**: 21 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 54 (1 special)
- **camera**: Single-camera
Multi-camera (stage segments)
- **related**: _MADtv_
- **list episodes**: List of Key & Peele episodes
- **writer**: Sean Conroy
Rebecca Drysdale
Colton Dunn
Keegan Michael Key
Jay Martel
Jordan Peele
Ian Roberts
Alex Rubens
Charlie Sanders (actor), Charlie Sanders
Ibaraki, Osaka

is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The Japanese word _Ibaraki_ means Wild Trees or Thorny trees in English. There is also an Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

## History

The city was founded on January 1, 1948.

## Sister and Friendship cities

- Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States - Sister city since 1980
- Anqing, Anhui, China - Friendship city since 1985
- Shodoshima, Kagawa, Japan - Sister city since 1988

## Other websites

- Ibaraki official website

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Ibaraki
- **image flag**: Flag of Ibaraki, Osaka.svg
- **image symbol**: Emblem of Ibaraki, Osaka.svg
- **settlement type**: Special cities of Japan, Special city
- **image skyline**: Ibaraki City Hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Ibaraki City Hall
- **image map**: Ibaraki in Osaka Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **prefecture**: Osaka Prefecture
- **area km2**: 76.52
- **population as of**: February 28, 2017
- **population**: 280,562
- **density km2**: auto
- **tree**: Oak
- **flower**: Rose
- **mayor**: Youichi Fukuoka
- **city hall postal code**: 567-8505
- **city hall address**: 3-8-13 Ekimae, Ibaraki-shi, Ōsaka-fu
Magnificent Obsession (novel)

***Magnificent Obsession*** (1929) is a novel by Lloyd C. Douglas. The story follows a man named Robert Merrick. He is resuscitated by a rescue crew after a boating accident. The crew is unable to save the life of Dr. Hudson, a heart attack victim on the other side of the lake.  Merrick then decides to devote his life to making up for the doctor's. He becomes a physician himself. Dr. Hudson's widow suffers serious injury in an accident. Merrick is instrumental in her recovery.

Two movies were based on the book: _Magnificent Obsession_ (1935), and _Magnificent Obsession_ (1954). The 1954 movie was directed by Douglas Sirk. A television series called _Dr. Hudson's Secret Journal_ was based on the novel. It aired 78 episodes in syndication from 1955 to 1957.

## Other websites

- _Magnificent Obsession_ at Project Gutenberg of Australia

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Magnificent Obsession
- **author**: Lloyd C. Douglas
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **genre**: Novel
- **publisher**: Willett, Clark & Colby
- **release date**: 1929
- **media type**: Print
Janet Leigh

**Jeanette Helen Morrison** (July 6, 1927 – October 3, 2004), known professionally as **Janet Leigh**, was an American actress, singer, dancer, and author. She is best known for her role in _Psycho_, for which she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

## Early life

Leigh was born and grew up in Merced, California. She was the only child of Helen Lita (née Westergaard) and Frederick Robert Morrison. Her birth name was **Jeanette Helen Morrison**.  Her maternal grandparents were immigrants from Denmark. In winter 1945, she was discovered by actress Norma Shearer, whose late husband Irving Thalberg had been a senior executive at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Marriage and family

Leigh married actor Tony Curtis in 1951. They had two daughters, actresses Kelly Curtis (born 1956) and Jamie Lee Curtis (born 1958). The couple divorced in 1962.

## Death

Leigh died on October 3, 2004 of vasculitis in Beverly Hills, California, aged 77.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Janet Leigh c. 1945.png
- **caption**: Leigh around 1945
- **birth name**: Jeanette Helen Morrison
- **birth place**: Merced, California, Merced, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1946–2004
- **spouse**: John Carlisle (1942–1942)
Stanley Reames (1945–1949)
Tony Curtis (1951–1962)
Robert Brandt (1962–2004)
- **children**: Kelly Curtis
Jamie Lee Curtis
Hiratsuka, Kanagawa

is a Japanese  city in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

## History

In the Edo period, _Hiratsuka-juku_ was 7th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Geography

Hiratsuka is located on the western Kantō region midway between Tokyo and Mount Fuji.  The city is on the coastline in the Sagami Bay.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_
- Shonan Bellmare

## Other websites

- http://www.city.hiratsuka.kanagawa.jp/index-e.htm ; http://www.city.hiratsuka.kanagawa.jp/index.htm
Austronesian peoples

**Austronesian peoples** is a term referring to people that live in Southeast Asia, Oceania and Madagascar, who are speakers of the Austronesian languages.  They are thought to have originally come from the indigenous peoples of Taiwan.
Ōiso

is a Japanese town in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

In the Edo period, _Ōiso-juku_ was 8th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Geography

Ōiso is on the coastline of Sagami Bay.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- Town of Oiso website ;   [http://www.town.oiso.kanagawa.jp/ ]

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ōiso
- **population density km2**: 1910
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **population as of**: June 1, 2012
- **population total**: 32786
- **area total km2**: 17.18
- **website**: [http://www.town.oiso.kanagawa.jp]
- **blank1 info sec2**: 183 Ōiso, Ōiso-machi, Naka-gun, Kanagawa-ken
255-8555
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank info sec2**: 0463-61-4100
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank name sec1**: City symbols
- **blank3 info sec1**: Common gull
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank2 info sec1**: _Calystegia soldanella_
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank1 info sec1**: Japanese black pine & _Camellia sasanqua_
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank info sec1**:  
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **map caption**: Location of Ōiso in Kanagawa Prefecture
- **image map**: Oiso in Kanagawa Prefecture Ja.svg
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **image seal**: Emblem of Oiso, Kanagawa.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Oiso, Kanagawa.svg
- **image caption**: Ōiso Town Hall
- **image skyline**: Oiso Town Office.JPG
- **settlement type**: Town
- **native name lang**: ja
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **subdivision name3**: Naka District, Kanagawa, Naka
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Japan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Kanagawa Prefecture
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
Odawara, Kanagawa

is a Japanese city in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

## History

In the Edo period, _Odawara-juku_ was 9th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

During the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, most Odawara buildings collapsed immediately, and fires burned anything left standing.

## Geography

The borders of Odawara are the Hakone Mountains to the north and west, the Sakawa River to the east, and Sagami Bay to the south.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- Odawara City website 
- http://www.kanagawa-kankou.or.jp/english/area/odawara.html ,
Hakone, Kanagawa

is a Japanese city in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

In the Edo period, _Hakone-juku_ was 10th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- http://www.kanagawa-kankou.or.jp/english/area/hakone.html , http://www.kanagawa-kankou.or.jp/index.html
BFG 9000

The **BFG 9000** is a fictional futuristic weapon. It is found in the Doom video game series. The BFG 9000 is a very large, solid metal gun. It shoot balls of green plasma. It is the most powerful weapon in the games. The BFG 9000 can destroy almost any player or enemy in one hit. _Quake II_ and _Quake III Arena_ pay homage to the BFG 9000 with weapons called the BFG10K. The _Quake III Arena_ version works differently than the BFG 9000. It shoots many small plasma beams very quickly instead of one large ball. This means the BFG 9000 causes much more damage in a single hit than the _Arena_ BFG10K.

## Names

The abbreviation "BFG" stands for "Big Fucking Gun". This is the name is was given in Tom Hall's first _Doom_ design document. In the _Doom II_ user manual, BFG is said to stand for "Big Fuckin Gun". In the _Doom_ movie, it is named the "Bio Force Gun" but "Big Fucking Gun" is said when the gun is first seen).
The _Quake II_ manual says BFG stands for "Big, uh, freakin’ gun".

## Critical reception

UGO.com list the BFG 9000 at number two on their Top 50 Video Game Weapons of All Time. They say the weapon is "marvelous and complex, and we should not hesitate to put this weapon down in history as one of the best." X-Play listed it as number one on their Top 10 Badass Weapons list. They said that the BFG 9000 was "not as fancy as the gravity gun" but it was the first weapon that "really made us swoon". IGN editor Tom McNamara listed the BFG as one of the ten best weapons in video games. He placed it at number ten on his list. Machinima.com listed it as number one on their list of Top Ten Video Game Weapons. They said "Do you really need a reason why this tops the list?"

## Other websites

- The BFG 9000 FAQ
- Information on the BFG 9000
Grimms' Fairy Tales

***Children's and Household Tales*** (), commonly known as ***Grimms' Fairy Tales*** (), is a collection of German fairy tales published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.

On December 20, 1812, the Grimms published the first volume of the first edition. It contained 86 stories. The second volume of 70 stories was published in 1814. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totalling 170 tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also deleted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. All editions were extensively illustrated, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by Robert Leinweber.

The first volumes were much criticized because they were considered unsuitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter.  Many changes through the editions – such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in _Snow White_, _Hansel and Gretel_ to a stepmother and _Rumpelstiltskin_, were probably made with an eye to such criticism. They removed sexual references—such as Rapunzel's innocently asking why her dress was getting tight around her belly, and thus naïvely revealing her pregnancy and the prince's visits to her stepmother—but, in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased. In 1825, the Grimms published their _Kleine Ausgabe_ or "small edition," a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.

The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representative of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish tales.
Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales

***Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales*** is an American animated short television series by Pixar, featuring the characters Mater and Lightning McQueen from the film _Cars_. The series' first broadcast was on October 27, 2008, on Toon Disney, Disney Channel and ABC Family. The series was moved to Disney Junior on February 14, 2011.

## Cast

- Larry the Cable Guy as Mater
- Keith Ferguson as Lightning McQueen
- George Carlin as Fillmore
- Tony Shalhoub as Luigi
- Guido Quaroni as Guido
- Michael Wallis as Sheriff
- Katherine Helmond as Lizzie
- Lindsey Collins as Mia
- Elissa Knight as Tia
- Jerome Ranft as Red

## Video game

A video game based on the series was released on October 19, 2010 for the Wii.

## Other websites

- Official website  at Pixar

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Miniseries
- **creator**: John Lasseter
- **developer**: Walt Disney Pictures, Disney·Pixar
- **director**: John Lasseter
Rob Gibbs
Victor Navone
- **starring**: Larry the Cable Guy
Keith Ferguson
- **theme music composer**: Mark Mothersbaugh
- **opentheme**: Cars Toon Theme Song
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **num episodes**: 11
- **num seasons**: 3
- **executive producer**: Lee Unkrich
- **producer**: Kori Rae
- **editor**: Roy E. Disney (Season 1 and first episode of Season 2 only)
- **runtime**: 5 mins (except "Tokyo Mater": 7 mins, "Air Mater": 5 mins, and "Time Travel Mater": 6 minutes, 23 seconds)
- **company**: Pixar
Marius Petipa

**Marius Petipa** (1818-1910) was a French dancer and the principal Ballet Master for the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg from 1869 until 1903. His works include _La Bayadere_ (1877), a revised _Giselle_ (1884), _The Sleeping Beauty_ (1890), a revised _Swan Lake_ (1895), and _Raymonda_ (1898). Dance historian Lynn Garafola believes Petipa "had an incalculable effect on Russian ballet." She points out that he supervised the transition from Romanticism to Classicism in Russian ballet, and fused the Italian bravura and French lyrical techniques. Garafola writes, "[Petipa] helped transform an art dominated by foreigners and identified with the West into a Russian national expression."
Kawasaki, Kanagawa

is a Japanese city in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  Kawasaki is one of three ordinance-designated cities in Kanagawa.

## History

In the Edo period, _Kawasaki-juku_ was 2nd of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Geography

Kawasaki occupies a belt of land stretching about 30 km along the south bank of the Tama River. The river forms its boundary with Tokyo.

## Wards

In Kawasaki, there are seven wards:
- Kawasaki
- Saiwai
- Nakahara
- Takatsu
- Tama
- Miyamae
- Aso

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_
- Kawasaki Frontale

## Other websites

- http://www.city.kawasaki.jp/index_e.htm , [http://www.city.kawasaki.jp ]
Outasight

**Richard Andrew,** better known by his stage name **Outasight**, is an American singer and rapper. He is from Yonkers, New York. He is currently signed to Warner Bros. Records. Though he is considered a hip hop artist, he also draws influences from other genres such as classic rock and soul.  He is perhaps best known for the song "Tonight Is the Night" released in 2011.

### Studio albums

- _Nights Like These_ (2012)
- _Big Trouble_ (2015)
- _Richie_ (2017)
- _Future Vintage Soul_ (2018)
- _Jamz_ (2021)

### EPs

- 2010: _Further EP_ (Asylum)

- 2019: No Vacancy EP

### Mixtapes

- 2007: _Employee of the Year EP_
- 2008: _Radio New York_
- 2009: _From There to Here_
- 2009: _Further_
- 2010: _Never Say Never_
- 2011: _Figure 8 EP_
- 2011: _Get It Together_
- 2013: _Stay Gold_

### Singles

|scope="col" rowspan=2|Year|scope="col" rowspan=2 style="width:17em;"|Title|scope="col" colspan=5|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan=2 style="width:10em;"|Certifications|scope="col" rowspan=2|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011||||||||||
|38|14|18|23|53|*US: Platinum *AUS: Platinum|rowspan=4|_Nights Like These_|||
|rowspan=3|2012|||||||||
|103|26|—|—|—||||||
|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|—|—|—|—|—||||||
|colspan=11 style="font-size:9pt"|"—" denotes a title that did not chart, or was not released in that territory.|||||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Outasight
- **image**: Outasight at the New York State Fair.jpg
- **birth name**: Richard Andrew
- **birth place**: Yonkers, New York (state), New York
- **origin**: Westchester County, New York, United States
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, guitar
- **years active**: 2007–present
Catch Me If You Can (disambiguation)

**Catch Me If You Can** may refer to:
- _Catch Me If You Can Book_ (book), a 1980 book
- _Catch Me If You Can_, a 2002 movie
- "Catch Me If You Can", a 2010 song by Outasight on Warner Bros. Records taken from his album _Further_
East Malaysia

**East Malaysia** or **Malaysian Borneo**, is a term used to refer to the Malaysian section of Borneo. One of Southeast Asia's major islands. Major provinces in the region are the Malaysian provinces of Sabah and Sarawak. It is located north of Indonesian Borneo or "Kalimantan", and southwest of the Philippines. Also, the tiny country of Brunei is nearly landlocked by Malaysia.
Kuwana, Mie

is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

In the Edo period, _Kuwana-juku_ was 42nd of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- Kuwana City website 
- Hiroshige prints, Kuwana

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Kuwana from Mount Tado.JPG
- **image caption**: Kiso Three Rivers and Ise Bay from Mount Tado
- **image flag**: Flag of Kuwana, Mie.svg
- **image blank emblem**: Emblem of Kuwana, Mie.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Emblem
- **image map**: Kuwana in Mie Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Kuwana in Mie Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Mie Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Narutaka Ito
- **area total km2**: 136.61
- **population total**: 140,051
- **population as of**: October 2017
- **population density km2**: 1030
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Japanese iris
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0594-24-1136
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 2-37 Chūōchō, Kuwana-shi, Mie-ken 511-8601
Amount of substance

**Amount of substance** (also called **chemical amount**) is a quantity defined by standards to measure the size a group of individual elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules and electrons, along with other particles. The International System of Units (SI) defines the amount of substance to be equal to the number of elementary entities present. The SI unit for amount of substance is the mole (mol). The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains the same number of elementary entities as there are atoms in  of the isotope carbon-12. This number is called Avogadro's number and has the value . It is the numerical value of the Avogadro constant which has the unit  (or mol), and relates the molar mass of an amount of substance to its mass.
Artillery of Japan

**Artillery in Japan** is recorded in the 13th century.  It was not used widely before the Sengoku period in the 16th century.

## History

In the 1840s, the Tokugawa Shogunate began to anticipate that either British or French military might attack Japan.  Takashima Shuhan (1798-1866) submitted a petition to the shogun calling for the purchase of Western firearms.  In 1841, a demonstration of Western gunnery made a strong impression.  Powerful conservative factions in the shogunate resisted change.

During the 1864 Bombardment of Shimonoseki, European naval guns were shown to be superior to Japanese cannon on shore.

Following the Meiji Restoration, Japan would pursue a policy of "Rich country, strong army" (富国強兵), which led to a general rearmament.

## Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) used artillery during the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895).

Naval guns and field artillery were important in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905.

Before and during World War II, the Japanese Army deployed a variety of artillery pieces.

## Imperial Japanese Navy

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) developed large naval artillery pieces.

## Japan Self Defense Force (JSDF)

The self-propelled artillery of the current Japanese military include
- Type 75 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
- M110 howitzer
- M270 MLRS
- Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer

## Related pages

- List of field guns
- List of heavy mortars
- List of howitzers

## Further reading

- Evans, David C  and Mark Peattie. (1997). _Kaigun: strategy, tactics, and technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941_ Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer

is a self-propelled howitzer of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JSDF).

## Overview

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. was the primary contractor, developing the main gun and the turret. The vehicle is powered by a diesel engine.

Type 99s are supplementary to the Type 75 155 mm self-propelled howitzer.

In a period of planned force reduction, the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) planning calls for additional Type 99s.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of howitzers

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
- **image**: Yoka002.JPG
- **caption**: Type 99 of the JGSDF
- **origin**: Japan
- **type**: Self-propelled artillery
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **is vehicle**: yes
- **service**: 1999
- **manufacturer**: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries/Japan Steel Works
- **number**: 117
- **weight**: 40 tons
- **width**: 3.2 m
- **crew**: 4
- **rate**: 6 rpm
- **traverse**: 360°
- **armour**: aluminum
- **primary armament**: 1x Japan Steel Works, 155 mm L52 Artillery Gun
- **secondary armament**: 1x 12.7 mm M-2HB machine gun
- **engine**: Mitsubishi 6SY31WA 6-cylinder diesel
- **engine power**: 600 bhp
- **suspension**: torsion bar
- **vehicle range**: 300 km (185 mi)
- **speed**: 49.6 km/h
Type 75 155 mm self-propelled howitzer

is an armored artillery vehicle used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).

## Overview

The Type 75s were accepted for service in October 1975.

Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer is supplementary to the Type 75s.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of howitzers

## Other websites

- Military-today.com, Type 75
- GlobalSecurity.org, Type 75
- OnWar.com, Type 75

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 75 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
- **image**: JGSDF Type75 15HSP.jpg
- **caption**: Type 75 of the JGSDF
- **origin**: Japan
- **type**: Self-propelled artillery
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **is vehicle**: yes
- **service**: 1975 - present
- **used by**: Japan
- **design date**: 1969-1975
- **production date**: 1975-1988
- **number**: 201
- **length**: 21ft 9in (6.64 m) (hull)
- **part length**: L/30
- **width**: 10ft 1in (3.09m)
- **height**: 8ft 4in (2.55m)
- **crew**: 6 (commander, driver, two gunners, layer and radio operator)
- **cartridge**: separate-loading, bag charge
- **rate**: 6 rpm
- **range**: (Explosive material, HE)
- **max range**: (rocket-assisted)
- **elevation**: -5° to +65°
- **traverse**: 360°
- **armour**: aluminum
- **primary armament**: 1x Japan Steel Works, 155 mm L30 howitzer
- **secondary armament**: 1x 12.7 mm M-2HB machine gun
- **engine**: Mitsubishi 6ZF 6-cylinder diesel
- **engine power**: 450 bhp
- **fuel capacity**: 650 liters (143 Imp. gallons)
- **suspension**: torsion bar
- **vehicle range**: 300 km (185 mi)
- **speed**: 47 km/h (29 mph)