juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ralph C. Johnson

**Ralph C. Johnson** (1953 or 1954 – March 15, 2016) was an American politician and businessman. He was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. Johnson served as a Democratic member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2015 until his death in 2016. He represented the 58th district.

Johnson died in a hospital in Greensboro, North Carolina after suffering a stroke. He was aged 62.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: RCJohnson.jpg
- **name**: Ralph C. Johnson
- **state house**: North Carolina
- **state**: North Carolina
- **district**: 58th
- **term start**: January 2015
- **term end**: March 15, 2016
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth date**: 1953 or 1954
- **birth place**: Greensboro, North Carolina
- **death date**: March 15, 2016
- **death place**: Greensboro, North Carolina
Alexander Esenin-Volpin

**Alexander Sergeyevich Esenin-Volpin** (also written  Ésénine-Volpine and Yessenin-Volpin in his French and English publications; ; May 12, 1924 March 16, 2016) was a Soviet-born American poet and mathematician. He was a known dissident, political prisoner and a leader of the Soviet human rights movement. He spent a total of fourteen years incarcerated and repressed by the Soviet authorities in prisons, psikhushkas and exile. He worked at Boston University.

In 1973 he was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto. In 2005, Esenin-Volpin participated in "They Chose Freedom", a four-part television documentary on the history of the Soviet dissident movement.

Volpin died on March 16, 2016, aged 91.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (scientist)

- **native name**: Александр Сергеевич Есенин-Вольпин
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Alexander Sergeyevich Esenin-Volpin
- **birth place**: Leningrad, USSR
- **death place**: Boston, U.S.
- **nationality**: Russian
- **citizenship**: Soviet Union, United States
- **alma mater**: Moscow State University
- **workplaces**: Boston University
James Darren

**James William Ercolani** (June 8, 1936 – September 2, 2024), known by his stage name **James Darren**, was an American television and movie actor, television director, and singer. He was known for his roles as  Moondoggie in _Gidget_, Tony Newman in _The Time Tunnel_, and as Vic Fontaine in _Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_.  One of Darren's successful top ten songs was "Angel Face," ca. 1960.

Darren was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Darren died in his sleep at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California on September 2, 2024 at the age of 88. The cause of death was heart failure caused by aortic valve problems.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Interview with James Darren about Frank Sinatra

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James Darren
- **image**: James Darren 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Darren in 2015
- **birth name**: James William Ercolani
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart failure
- **known for**: Actor, singer, director
- **years active**: 1956–2024
- **children**: 3, including Jim Moret
Lexa

**Léa Cristina Lexa Araújo**, better known by the stage name **Lexa**, is a singer, composer and Brazilian dancer. Her first single, the "Posso Ser" song, was released in December 2014 and became one of the most played tracks on Brazilian radio in 2015. This song is part of the EP of the same title released by Lexa in March 2015 and disclosed as a preview of her first studio album. In September 2015, the singer released her debut album, titled Disponível.

### 2014-2015: Disponível

Lexa was discovered by Batutinha music producer, who, after watching it on YouTube, introduced her to entrepreneur Kamilla Fialho, who hired through K2L Entertainment Artistic agency. Thus, in December 2014 is released the first single from Lexa, the "Posso Ser" song, which reached the Top 30 on parade Hot 100 Airplay, Billboard Brazil, and became the 93rd most played song in the Brazilian radio stations in 2015.

## Discography

- _Posso Ser_ (2015)
- _Disponível_ (2015)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lexa
- **image**: Lexa Multishow 4.jpg
- **caption**: Lexa in 2018
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Léa Cristina Lexa Araújo
- **alias**: Princess of pop Brazilian
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Electronic dance music, EDM, funk melody
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter and dancer
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano
- **years active**: 2013–present
- **label**: Som Livre
- **associated acts**: MC Guime, Clinton Sparks
Ralph Ketner

**Ralph W. Ketner** (September 20, 1920 – May 29, 2016) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was known for being the founder of Food Lion (founded as Food Town). He founded the grocery store chain in the 1950s. During his career, Ketner has given away 35% of his profit to charity.

Ketner was born in Rimertown, North Carolina. He grew up during the Great Depression. He studied at Tri-State College in Angola, Indiana. Ketner is married to Anne Blizzard. They have two children. In March 2016, Ketner was hospitalized and diagnosed with colon cancer. He died on May 29, 2016 in Salisbury, North Carolina from the disease at the age of 95.

## Other websites

- Mr. Ralph W. Ketner, D.B.A  at Catawba.edu
Samuel H. Young

**Samuel Hollingsworth Young** (December 26, 1922 – September 23, 2017) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. He represented Illinois's 10 congressional district as a Republican. He served as a representative from January 3, 1973 through January 3, 1975. He was replaced by Abner J. Mikva.

Young was born in Casey, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois. Young died at his home in Glenview, Illinois on September 23, 2017 from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 94.
Louise Arner Boyd

**Louise Arner Boyd** (September 16, 1887 – September 14, 1972) was an American explorer. She explored Greenland and the Arctic. She wrote many articles about her journeys and published two successful books.

Boyd was a photographer on the trip over the Arctic Ocean in 1941. The crew on the trip to the Arctic called her the "Ice Woman".
Boyd was the first person to fly over the North Pole. She did this in 1955.

She was born in San Rafael, California. She died in San Francisco.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Louise Arner Boyd
- **image**: Louise-boyd-1928-tromso.jpg
- **caption**: Louise Boyd in 1928.
- **birth place**: San Rafael, California
- **death place**: San Francisco, California
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: aviator, writer
- **known for**: First person to fly over the North Pole.
State ratifying conventions

**State ratifying conventions** are one of the two ways established by Article Five of the United States Constitution for ratifying proposed constitutional amendments. Ratifying conventions have only been used on one occasion. This was in 1933 and was used to ratify the 21st Amendment. All other proposed constitutional amendments have been offered to the state legislatures for ratification.

The Constitution also provides that state ratifying conventions may also be used to propose a constitutional amendment. However, to date, none of the 27 amendments to the Constitution have been proposed by state conventions. A state ratifying convention may be called by a two-thirds vote by a state legislature.
Paul Daniels

**Newton Edward Daniels** (6 April 1938 – 17 March 2016)

, known by his stage name **Paul Daniels**, was an English magician and television performer.

He was known for his show _The Paul Daniels Magic Show_. It ran on the BBC from 1979 to 1994. He was known for his catchphrase of "You'll like this ... not a lot, but you'll like it". He also hosted three game shows on the BBC, Odd One Out from 1982 to 1985, Every Second Counts from 1986 to 1993 and Wipeout from 1994 to 1997.

He was born in South Bank, Middlesbrough. He married Jacqueline Skipworth in 1960. The couple had three sons: Gary, Paul and Martin. Daniels was married to his assistant Debbie McGee from 1988 until his death.

Daniels died of a brain tumor in Wargrave, Berkshire, aged 77.
Suaad Allami

**Suaad Allami** (Arabic: سعاد اللامي) or **Suaad Abbas Salman Allami** (Arabic: سعاد عباس سلمان العلمي ) is an Iraqi lawyer from Sadr City in Baghdad. In 2009 she received the International Women of Courage Award.   Alami started a women's center in Baghdad with the NGO Women For Progress.  Women for Progress was the first legal clinic for women in Iraq.

## Life

Allami graduated from Baghdad University School of Law in 1992. She worked as a lawyer in Iraq's family courts for seventeen years.

In 2010 Allami received a Master's Degree (LLM) in Law and Human Rights from the University of Minnesota Law School.

## Work

Allami was in the Baghdad Provincial Council and Sadr City District Council from 2004 to 2009.  She wrote laws for the District and Sub-District Councils of Baghdad Province.

Allami opened the first all female legal clinic in Iraq. She runs five women’s centers in Baghdad.

## Awards

- Allami was named Female Lawyer of the Year by the Iraqi Women's Foundation in 2008.

- Allami received the International Women of Courage Award in 2009.

- From 2009 to 2010, Allami was the Distinguished Hubert Humphrey Fulbright Fellow at University of Minnesota Law School.

- She received the Massachusetts Bar Association Public Service award in 2010.

- In 2014, Allami received the vital voices Global Leadership award.
Superior, Wisconsin

**Superior** is a city in northwestern Wisconsin, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 26,751. Superior is at the western end of Lake Superior. It is also the county seat of Douglas County.

Superior was the last place that the _Edmund Fitzgerald_ visited before it sank.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Superior, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: City
- **native name**: Gete-oodenaang
- **native name lang**: oj
- **image skyline**: Tower Avenue.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Superior
- **pushpin map**: Wisconsin
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of the city of Superior
in Douglas County, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Douglas County, Wisconsin, Douglas
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jim Paine
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: September 6, 1854
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 117.47
- **area land km2**: 94.85
- **area water km2**: 22.63
- **area total sq mi**: 45.36
- **area land sq mi**: 36.62
- **area water sq mi**: 8.74
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 26,751
- **population density km2**: 273.88
- **population density sq mi**: 709.35
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 54880
- **area code**: Area codes 715 and 534, 715 and 534
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-78650
- **image map**: File:Douglas County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Superior Highlighted 5578650.svg
- **map caption**: Location of the city of Superior
in Douglas County, Wisconsin
Meir Dagan

Aluf **Meir Dagan** (; 30 January 1945 – 17 March 2016) was an Israeli politician. He was a former Israel Defense Forces officer. He was a former Director of the Mossad. He served as director from 2002 through 2011.

Dagan was born in the Soviet Union. He moved to Israel at age five.

Dagan died of liver cancer in Tel Aviv, Israel at the age of 71.
Larry Drake

**Larry Drake** (February 21, 1950 – March 17, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Benny Stulwicz on the television show _L.A. Law_, Robert G. Durant in _Darkman_ and as Pops in _Johnny Bravo_. He won two Emmy Awards in 1988 and in 1989.

Drake died of cardiac arrest complicated by a rare form of blood cancer on March 17, 2016 in Hollywood, California at the age of 66.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Larry Drake at the 1988 Emmy Awards.jpg
- **caption**: Drake on the red carpet at 40th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards, August 28, 1988
- **birth place**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **death place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1971–2009
Zoltán Kamondi

**Zoltán Kamondi** (6 April 1960 – 17 March 2016) was a Hungarian movie director, actor, screenwriter and producer. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. He was known for directing _Paths of Death and Angels_.

Kamondi died on 17 March 2016 at the age of 55.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Zoltán Kamondi
- **birth place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **occupation**: Film director
Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1987-2016
Marian Kociniak

**Marian Kociniak** (11 January 1936 – 17 March 2016) was a Polish movie and theatre actor. He was known for his role in the 1970 movie _How I Unleashed World War II_. He was born in Warsaw, Poland.

Kociniak died in Warsaw, Poland from a heart attack on 17 March 2016 at the age of 80.
Jean Miotte

**Jean Miotte** (1926 – 1 March 2016) was a French abstract painter. He worked with the style known as L'Art Informel. He was born in Paris. Miotte's work is preserved and studied at the Miotte Foundation in Manhattan.

Moitte died in New York City, New York at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Examples of Jean Miotte's work
- Miotte biography and original prints
- Home of Miotte Foundation
James Douglas (actor)

**James Douglas** (May 20, 1929 – March 5, 2016) was an American actor. He best known for his role as Grant Colman on _As the World Turns_ (1974–81, with return appearances in 1986 and 1989).

## Personal life

Douglas was born in Los Angeles, California. He died on March 5, 2016 at the age of 86.

## Career

His first major role came in 1964 when he joined the cast of the primetime soap _Peyton Place_. He played the role of Steven Cord.  He stayed with the series until it left the air in 1969.

He then turned mainly to daytime roles, appearing as Elliott Carrington on _Another World_ from 1972 to 1974.  He then moved to _As the World Turns_.  He also appeared on _The Edge of Night_ in 1984 and on _One Life to Live_ as Dr. Marcus Polk (1985–87).

## Movies

- _G.I. Blues_ (1960) as Rick
- _Sweet Bird of Youth_ (1962) as Leroy
Erik Duval

**Erik Duval** (11 September 1965 – 12 March 2016) was a Belgian scientist. Duval chaired the informatics section of the computer science department of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. He also chaired the research unit on human-computer interaction. Duval died in Antwerp, Belgium from non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 50.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2009.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Erik Duval
- **image**: Erik Duval.jpg
- **birth place**: Schoten, Belgium
- **death place**: Antwerp, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **fields**: Intelligence amplification#Douglas Engelbart: Augmenting Human Intellect, Augmenting Human Intellect
- **workplaces**: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
- **known for**: IEEE LOM, ARIADNE
- **website**: https://erikduval.wordpress.com/ http://www.slideshare.net/erik.duval
Solomon Marcus

**Solomon Marcus** (; March 1, 1925 – March 17, 2016) was a Romanian mathematician of Jewish descent. He was a member of the Mathematical Section of the Romanian Academy. He was also Emeritus Professor of the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Mathematics.

His main research was in the fields of mathematical analysis, mathematical and computational linguistics and computer science, but he also published numerous papers on various cultural topics: poetics, linguistics, semiotics, philosophy and history of science and education.

Marcus died of heart failure on March 17, 2016 at the age of 91.

## Related pages

- List of Romanian mathematicians

## Other websites

- _Global Perspectives on Science and Spirituality (GPSS)_
- Publication list on his web page, at the "Simion Stoilow" Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
- _International Journal of Computers, Communications & Control_, Vol.I (2006), No.1, pp. 73–79, "Grigore C. Moisil: A Life Becoming a Myth", by Solomon Marcus, Editor's note about the author (p. 79)
- Marcus' articles on semiotics at _Potlatch_
- Solomon Marcus  at the University of Bucharest

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Solomon Marcus
- **image**: C14 7404-SolomonMarcus.edited.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Solomon Marcus in 2007.
- **birth place**: Bacău, Romania
- **death place**: Bucharest, Romania
- **nationality**: Romania
- **fields**: Mathematics
- **workplaces**: University of Bucharest
- **alma mater**: University of Bucharest
- **doctoral advisor**: Miron Nicolescu
- **doctoral students**: Cristian S. Calude
Gheorghe Păun
Ileana Streinu
Vladimir Shainsky

**Vladimir Yakovlevich Shainsky** () (December 12, 1925 — December 25, 2017) was a Soviet and Russian composer. In the 1950s Shainsky played in Leonid Utyosov's orchestra. He taught young people how to conduct music. He worked as a composer and musical leader at different dance orchestras. He studied in Baku conservatory, the composers faculty.

Shainsky was born in Kiev.

Shainsky has been awarded many awards, including the USSR State Prize (1981), People's Artist of the Russian SFSR title (1986), Order of Friendship (1996), multiple laureate of the Russian (formerly Soviet) "Song of the Year" festival (since 1971).

Vladimir Shainsky died on December 25, 2017, at the age of 93, after a long illness at the San Diego Hospital in California, USA.

## Other websites

- Shainskiy's biography
- Another biography

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Vladimir Shainsky (cropped).jpg
- **name**: <small>Владимир Яковлевич Шаинский</small>
Vladimir Shainsky
- **birth place**: Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: San Diego, California, United States
- **occupation**: Composer
Arizona tree frog

These species of tree frogs in the Hylidae family are commonly referred to as the **Arizona tree frog**:

- Canyon tree frog, _Hyla arenicolor_
- Mountain tree frog, _Hyla eximia_ is listed as the official Arizona state amphibian, but it does not occur in Arizona.
- Arizona tree frog, _Hyla wrightorum_, was previously a synonym of _Hyla eximia_.
Nancy Olson

**Nancy Olson** (born April 14, 1928) is an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in _Sunset Boulevard_ (1950). Other movies including _The Absent-Minded Professor_ and _Airport 1975_ (1974). She has mostly retired from acting. Olson was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nancy Olson
- **image**: Sunset Boulevard 19.jpg
- **caption**: Olson in _Sunset Boulevard (film), Sunset Boulevard_ (1950)
- **birthname**: Nancy Ann Olson
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1948–present
- **spouse**: Alan Jay Lerner (1950–1957; divorced; 2 children)
Alan W. Livingston (1962–2009; his death; 1 child)
- **children**: 3
Albert Abraham Michelson

**Albert Abraham Michelson** (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist. He was born in Strzelno (in Posen, Prussia, now in Poland) but grew up in California. He was known for his work on measuring the speed of light. That work led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1907. He was the first American to receive it in the field of science.

## Related pages

- Michelson–Morley experiment
Donna Mills

**Donna Mills** (born December 11, 1940) is an American actress and producer. She began her television career in 1966 with a recurring role on _The Secret Storm_. She played Abby Cunningham on _Knots Landing_. She won several Soap Opera Digest Awards for this role. She also played Madeline Reeves in _General Hospital_ in 2014–2015. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Guest Performer in a Drama Series.

Mills was born in Chicago, Illinois. Some sources give her birth date as 1942 or 1943.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Donna Mills
- **image**: Donna Mills 1990.jpg
- **caption**: Mills at the Los Angeles premiere of _Air America (film), Air America_ on August 9, 1990
- **birth name**: Donna Jean Miller
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **education**: William Howard Taft High School (Chicago), Taft High School
- **alma mater**: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- **years active**: 1966–present
- **occupation**: Actress, television producer
- **children**: Chloe Mills
R136a1

**R136a1** is one of the most massive and luminous known stars. It is a Wolf–Rayet star at the center of R136.

R136 is the central group of stars of the large NGC 2070 open cluster in the Tarantula nebula. The nebula lies about 50 kiloparsecs (163,000 light-years) in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

R136a1 has nearly 300 the mass of the Sun, and 4.7 million times its luminosity. It is also one of the hottest at over 50,000 K. The cluster is only about 1.5 million years old, and is pouring out a huge amount of energy. Together, they outshine our Sun by a factor of 30 million.

The star is the largest of eight huge stars in the cluster.
Madison (name)

**Madison** [ **mad**-_uh_-s_uh_n ] is a family name of English origin. The name Madison comes from the Old English words "maed" and "son," which mean "son of the mighty warrior." This meaning is why many parents choose Madison as a name for their child because it sounds strong and powerful. Additionally, Madison is also associated with intelligence and creativity, which makes it a popular choice for parents who want their child's name to reflect their personality and potential. It has become a popular first name in the United States. It was one of the most popular names during the 2000s–2010s for girls. This name was ranked #29 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

Although less common, the name has also been used for boys.

## People

- Madison Cawthorn, American politician (born 1995)
- Madison De La Garza, American actress
Tarantula nebula

The **Tarantula Nebula** (also known as **30 Doradus**) is an H II region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). It was originally thought to be a star, but in 1751 Lacaille recognized it was a nebula.

The Tarantula Nebula has an apparent magnitude of 8. Considering its distance of 49 kpc (160,000 light-years), this is an extremely luminous object. Its luminosity is so great that if it were as close to Earth as the Orion Nebula, the Tarantula Nebula would cast shadows.

It is the most active starburst region known in the Local Group of galaxies. It is also one of the largest such regions in the Local Group with an estimated diameter of 200 pc.

30 Doradus has at its centre the star cluster NGC 2070 which includes the group of stars known as R136. This group puts out most of the energy that makes the nebula visible. The estimated mass of the cluster is 450,000 solar masses. It may become a globular cluster in the future.

In addition to NGC 2070, the Tarantula Nebula has other star clusters, including the much older Hodge 301. The most massive stars of Hodge 301 have already exploded in supernovae. The closest supernova observed since the invention of the telescope, Supernova 1987A, occurred in the outskirts of the Tarantula Nebula. The remnants of many other supernovae are difficult to detect in the complex nebulosity.
Rice allergy

**Rice allergy** is a type of food allergy. People allergic to rice react to some rice proteins after they eat rice or breathe in rice steam. Although some reactions might lead to severe health problems, doctors can diagnose rice allergy using many different methods and help allergic people to avoid reactions.

## Symptoms

Some rice proteins are regarded as the causes of allergy in some people. People allergic to rice might have sneezing, runny nose, itching, asthma, stomachache or eczema after they eat rice. Besides eating rice, people with a rice allergy can have reactions breathing rice steam from cooked rice. Allergic people might have skin rashes and swellings. Moreover, they might stop breathing and die due to cardiac arrest.

## Diagnosis

People suspected of having a rice allergy can try diet avoidance on their own. First, they have to avoid rice for a couple of weeks. If they do not have symptoms in the avoidance period, but have those when exposed to rice, they are most likely allergic to rice. They might also be referred to an allergist (immunologist) doctor who specialises in immunology.

Specific rice IgE, a kind of antibody in human blood, will rise significantly when people are allergic to rice. A blood test shows the level of the antibody.

A skin prick test, the most efficient diagnosis, shows the reactions in a short period. After being pricked in their skin with some rice mixture, allergic people will get itching and swelling in about 30 minutes.

## Treatment

Some symptoms might weaken if people get allergy shots. After getting several treatments for a long time, some allergic people will not have reactions afterwards.

Some reactions have been eased by replacing original rice with genetically modified rice. This is regarded as a new choice for rice allergic people. Reactions might lessen by staying away from rice long-term.

## Prevalence

Unlike other food allergies, rice allergy is relatively uncommon.It has been reported worldwide but mostly in China, Japan or Korea.  Because rice is a major food in Asia, people from Asia are exposed to higher allergy risk than people from other areas.

## Other websites

- Rice Allergy, Southwest Allergy & Asthma Center
- Common Food Allergies
Federalist No. 55

The **Federalist No. 55** is an essay by James Madison. It is the fifty-fifth of a collection called the Federalist Papers. It was published on February 13, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist Papers were published. In this paper, Madison examines the size of the United States House of Representatives. It is titled, "The Total Number of the House of Representatives."

The paper discusses critics' objections to the relatively small size of the House of Representatives (sixty-five members). Madison notes that the size of the House will increase as population increases. In addition, he states that the small size does not put the public liberty in danger because of the checks and balances relationship the House of Representatives has with the state legislatures, as well as the fact every member is voted in by the people every two years.

## Other websites

- The Federalist No. 55 Text
IC 10

**IC 10** is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Cassiopeia.

It was discovered in 1887. Edwin Hubble suspected it might belong to the Local Group of galaxies, but this was uncertain for decades. The radial velocity of IC 10 was measured in 1962. It is approaching the Milky Way at about 350 km/s. This strengthened the evidence for its being in the Local Group. Its membership in the group was finally confirmed in 1996 by measurements of its distance by observations of Cepheids. Despite its closeness, the galaxy is rather difficult to study because it lies near the galactic plane of the Milky Way. It is heavily obscured by interstellar matter.

The apparent distance between IC 10 and the Andromeda Galaxy is about the same as the apparent distance between the Andromeda Galaxy and the Triangulum Galaxy, which suggests that IC 10 may belong to the M31 subgroup.

IC 10 is the only known starburst galaxy in the Local Group of galaxies. It has many more Wolf-Rayet stars per square kiloparsec (5.1 stars/kpc²) than the Large Magellanic Cloud (2.0 stars/kpc²) or the Small Magellanic Cloud (0.9 stars/kpc²). Although the galaxy has a luminosity similar to the SMC, it is much smaller. The evolutionary status of the Wolf-Rayet stars suggests they all formed in a relatively short period. The galaxy produces stars at the rate of 0.04–0.08 solar masses per year, which means that the gas supply in the galaxy can last for a few billion years longer.

Observations of IC 10 in the far-infrared show that the dust in this mild starburst galaxy is deficient in small grains. Perhaps small grains were destroyed by strong ultraviolet radiation in the areas around the hot luminous stars.

The galaxy has a huge envelope of hydrogen gas, with an apparent size measuring 68′ × 80′, which is far larger than the apparent size of the galaxy in visible light (5.5′ × 7.0′). IC 10 is also unusual in the respect that the visible part of the galaxy seems to rotate in a different direction than the outer envelope. It has an H II nucleus.
The Old Man and the Sea

***The Old Man and the Sea*** is a novella by Ernest Hemingway that was written in 1951 and then published in 1952. It is Hemingway's most famous work, and also his final work to be published while he was alive. Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 for this work. Hemingway wrote it while he was in the Bahamas. The work tells the story of Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who catches a giant marlin in the Gulf Stream.
Water tank

A **water tank** is a container for storing water. The need for water tanks is as old as civilization. Tanks were used to provide storage of water for use in many applications, drinking water, irrigation agriculture, fire suppression, agricultural farming, both for plants and livestock, chemical manufacturing, food preparation as well as many other uses. Water tank parameters include the general design of the tank, and choice of construction materials, linings. Various materials are used for making a water tank: plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene), fiberglass, concrete, stone, steel (welded or bolted, carbon, or stainless). Earthen pots also function as water storages. Water tanks are an efficient way to help developing countries to store clean water. In the 1980s, high density polyethylene rotationally molded water tanks became popular for home water storage.  Gardeners, for example, use various types of these tanks to store rain water.  A Water tower, usually made of metal, is a type of elevated water tank.
Tray Walker

**Tray Walker** (August 5, 1992 – March 18, 2016) was an American football cornerback. He played for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas Southern, and was drafted by the Ravens in the 4th round of the 2015 NFL draft. He was born in Miami, Florida.

Walker died in Miami, Florida when he was dirt biking when his bike was hit by a car. He died the next day on March 18, 2016 from his injuries. He was aged 23.
Lothar Späth

**Lothar Späth** (16 November 1937 – 18 March 2016) was a German politician of the CDU.

From 30 August 1978 to 13 January 1991, Späth was the 5th Minister President of Baden-Württemberg and chairman of the CDU Baden-Württemberg. He served as the 36th President of the Bundesrat in the 1980s.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lothar Späth
- **image**: Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F067146-0013, Lothar Späth.jpg
- **caption**: Späth in 1983
- **birth place**: Sigmaringen, Nazi Germany, German Reich
- **death place**: Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- **death cause**: Alzheimer's disease
- **occupation**: Politician, Chief executive officer
- **known for**: Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg from 1978 until 1991
Les Tanyuk

**Leonid (Les) Stepanovych Tanyuk** (, August 7, 1938 – March 18, 2016) was a Ukrainian theatre and movie director. He was a dissident and the head of the Club of Creative Youth. After 1991's Ukrainian independence Tanyuk became a multiple re-elected member of the Ukrainian parliament.

Tanyuk died on March 18, 2016 in Kyiv, Ukraine from stomach cancer at the age of 77.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Les Tanyuk
- **native name lang**: uk
- **image**: Лесь Танюк.jpg
- **caption**: Tanyuk in 2011
- **office**: People's Deputy of Ukraine
- **term start**: 15 May 1990
- **term end**: 23 November 2007
- **birth name**: Leonid Stepanovych Tanyuk
- **birth place**: , Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Ukraine)
- **party**: People's Movement of Ukraine
- **otherparty**: Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc, Our Ukraine Bloc
- **alma mater**: National University of Theatre, Film and TV in Kyiv
Jan Němec

**Jan Němec** (12 July 1936 – 18 March 2016) was a Czech movie director and screenwriter. His important work dates from the 1960s. Movie historian Peter Hames has called him as the "enfant terrible of the Czech New Wave." He was known for directing the 1966 movie _A Report on the Party and the Guests_.

## Other websites

- Facebook Profile
- Czech Film: Jan Nemec's post-1989 films
- Interview with Němec
- Jan Němec: _Interviews 1964–2014 (Rozhovory 1964–2014)_ (Camera obscura, Svatá Hora, Příbram, Czech Republic) (Czech)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jan Němec
- **image**: Jan Němec (1967).jpg
- **caption**: Jan Němec in 1967
- **birth place**: Prague, Czechoslovakia
now Czech Republic
- **death place**: Prague, Czech Republic
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **occupation**: Film director
- **yearsactive**: 1960-2016
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 1
Argentine real

The **real** was the former currency of Argentina. It was in circulation from 1813 to 1881 and was also the country's first currency used. During its period, the _sol_ was also used and its value was equal to that of the real. The peso was worth 8 reales and the escudo was worth 16 reales.
2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries

The **2012 Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses** is how voters of the Democratic Party chose the candidate for United States presidential election, 2012. The incumbent president, Barack Obama, won the primaries and caucuses after winning 88.87% of the popular vote, and all of the states and territories. No other candidates could challenge Obama.

## Candidates

Barack Obama was the only candidate who was on the ballot in all 50 states.

## Related pages

- United States presidential election

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- **country**: United States
- **type**: primary
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- **previous year**: 2008
- **election date**: January 3 to June 5, 2012
- **next election**: 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- **next year**: 2016
- **image1**: File:President Barack Obama, 2012 portrait crop.jpg
- **image size**: 160x160px
- **color1**: 800080
- **candidate1**: **Barack Obama**
- **delegate count1**: **3,514**
- **states carried1**: **56**
- **popular vote1**: **8,044,659**
- **percentage1**: **90.1%**
- **image2**: File:NOTA Option Logo.svg
- **color2**: 000000
- **candidate2**: Protest vote, Uncommitted
- **home state2**: _N/A_
- **delegate count2**: 72
- **states carried2**: 0
- **popular vote2**: 439,589
- **percentage2**: 5.0%
- **image3**: File:John_Wolfe_on_Lesser-Known_Presidential_Candidates_Forum_crop.jpg
- **color3**: 017DCF
- **candidate3**: John Wolfe Jr.
- **delegate count3**: 23
- **states carried3**: 0
- **popular vote3**: 116,639
- **percentage3**: 1.3%
- **title**: Democratic nominee
- **before election**: Barack Obama
- **after election**: Barack Obama
- **map**:
Hide

**Hide** or **hides** may refer to:

- Hide (skin), the cured skin of an animal
- Bird hide, a structure for watching birds without disturbing them
- Hide (unit), an old unit of land area
- hide (musician) (1964–1998), Japanese musician
From Russia with Love

***From Russia with Love*** is the second James Bond movie made by Eon Productions. It is also the second to star Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Released in 1963, the film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman. It was directed by Terence Young. From Russia with Love is based on the 1957 novel of the same name written by Ian Fleming. In the movie, James Bond is sent to assist in the defection of Soviet consulate clerk Tatiana Romanova in Turkey, where SPECTRE plans to avenge Bond's killing of Dr. No. Rotten Tomatoes gave the move a 96% rating.

## Cast

- Sean Connery as James Bond: Secret Intelligence Service Agent 007.
- Daniela Bianchi as Tatiana Romanova (voiced by Barbara Jefford): Soviet Embassy clerk and Bond's love interest. Fleming based Romanova on Christine Granville.
- Pedro Armendáriz as Ali Kerim Bey: British Intelligence station chief in Istanbul.
- Lotte Lenya as Rosa Klebb: A former SMERSH colonel, now chief operations officer for SPECTRE.
- Robert Shaw as Donald "Red" Grant: Cunning SPECTRE assassin and one of the principal Bond enemies.
- Bernard Lee as M: Chief of British Intelligence.
- Walter Gotell as Morzeny: SPECTRE thug who trains personnel on SPECTRE Island.
- Vladek Sheybal as Kronsteen: Chess grandmaster, and chief planning officer for SPECTRE.
- "?" (anonymous credit for Anthony Dawson (body) and Eric Pohlmann (voice)) as "Number 1" (Ernst Stavro Blofeld): Chief of SPECTRE and Bond's nemesis.
- Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny: M's secretary.
- Desmond Llewelyn as Major Boothroyd: Head of "Q" Section (British Intelligence gadgetry department).
- Eunice Gayson as Sylvia Trench: Bond's semi-regular girlfriend.
- Francis de Wolff as Vavra: Chief of a Gypsy tribe used for dirty work by Kerim Bey.
- George Pastell as the Orient Express train conductor.
- Fred Haggerty as Krilencu: A Bulgarian assassin who works as a killer for the Soviets in the Balkans.
- Aliza Gur and Martine Beswick as Vida and Zora, respectively: Two jealous Gypsy girls who are disputing the same man.
- Nadja Regin as Kerim Bey's lonely girlfriend.

## Other websites

- IMDb release dates
- From Russia With Love (1963) Official Trailer - Sean Connery James Bond Movie HD; YouTube
On Her Majesty's Secret Service

***On Her Majesty's Secret Service*** is a James Bond movie. It was released in 1969. It stars George Lazenby as Bond. It also stars Diana Rigg and Telly Savalas. It is the sixth movie in the James Bond series. It is based on the novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. Louis Armstrong sings the song of the movie.

## Cast

- George Lazenby as James Bond
- Diana Rigg as Countess Tereza di Vicenzo
- Telly Savalas as Ernst Stavro Blofeld
- Bernard Lee as M
- Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny
- Gabriele Ferzetti as Marc-Ange Draco
- Ilse Steppat as Fraülein Irma Bunt
- Angela Scoular as Ruby Bartlett
- George Baker as Sir Hilary Bray
- Bernard Horsfall as Shaun Campbell
- Desmond Llewelyn as Q
- Yuri Borienko as Grunther
- Catherine Schnell as Nancy
- George Lane Cooper as Braun
- Irvin Allen as Che-Che
- James Bree as Gebrüder Gumbold
- Julie Ege as Helen
- Virginia North as Olympe
- Leslie Crawford as Felsen
- John Gay as Hammond
- Geoffrey Cheshire as Toussaint
- Terence Mountain as Raphael
- James Bond marries Countess Tereza di Vicenzo; however on their Honeymoon she is murdered by  Ernest Stravo Blofield. Years later in the teaser to the 1981 James Bond Movie "For York Eyes Only" James Bond is paying respects at the grave of his late wife Traci Bond. A Helicopter arrives to take Bond back to MI6 Headquarters when the pilot is electrocuted and Bond finds the helicopter is under the control of a bald headed man in wheelchair with a white cat. Bond is informed that he will be killed; however he regains control of the Helicopter and goes after his enemy which he picks up with the helicopter skids (the cat escapes). The prisoner begs to be put down; Bond agress and drops him down a chimney smokestack; the man screams Mr,Bond as he falls down to his death.
Anti

**Anti** may refer to:

- Anti-, a prefix meaning "against"
- Anti (mythology), a boatman in Egyptian mythology
- Änti, or Antaeus, half-giant in Greek and Berber mythology
- Antiparticle, a particle with the same mass but opposite charges in particle physics
- Anti addition in organic chemistry
- _Anti_ (album), an album by Rihanna

## Related pages

- Special:Prefixindex/Anti (an automatically generated list of pages beginning with _anti_)
Lyubka Rondova

**Lyubka Vasileva Rondova**, **Ljubka Rondova** or **Lubka Rondova** () (24 September 1936 – 15 March 2016) was a Bulgarian folk singer. She best known for performing and recording many of the traditional song from Macedonia as a folklore region. She was born in Sidirochori, Greece to Bulgarian parents. She was awarded the highest Bulgarian order Stara planina, First Degree in 2002.

Rondova died in Sofia, Bulgaria at the age of 79.

## Other websites

- A folk song "Black death appeared" at Vbox7
Robert H. Michel

**Robert Henry "Bob" Michel** (pronounced "Michael"; March 2, 1923 – February 17, 2017) was an American Republican Party politician.

He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for 38 years. He represented central Illinois' 18th congressional district, and was the GOP leader in Congress during the Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton presidencies from 1981 through 1995. He as Minority Leader from 1981 through 1995. He was also Minority Whip for 6 years from 1975 through 1981.

Michel was born and raised in Peoria, Illinois. He studied in Bradley University. Michel died on February 17, 2017 in Arlington, Virginia from pneumonia, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Information about Michel's Leadership positions (PDF File)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Robert Henry Michel
- **image**: Robert H. Michel--95th Congress.png
- **order**: Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives, House Minority Leader
- **term start**: January 3, 1981
- **term end**: January 3, 1995
- **deputy**: Trent Lott (1981–1989)
Dick Cheney (1989)
Newt Gingrich (1989–1995)
- **predecessor**: John Jacob Rhodes
- **successor**: Dick Gephardt
- **order2**: Minority Whip of the United States House of Representatives, House Minority Whip
- **term start2**: January 3, 1975
- **term end2**: January 3, 1981
- **leader2**: John Jacob Rhodes
- **predecessor2**: Leslie C. Arends
- **successor2**: Trent Lott
- **order3**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois' Illinois' 18th congressional district, 18th district
- **term start3**: January 3, 1957
- **term end3**: January 3, 1995
- **predecessor3**: Harold Himmel Velde
- **successor3**: Ray LaHood
- **birth place**: Peoria, Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
- **death place**: Arlington, Virginia, Arlington, Virginia
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Corinne Woodruff (1948–2003)
- **children**: Scott, Bruce, Robin, Laurie
- **profession**: Politician
- **education**: Bradley University
Joe Santos

**Joe Santos** (born **Joseph John Minieri, Jr.**; June 9, 1931 – March 18, 2016) was an American movie and television actor. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He played Sergeant Dennis Becker in _The Rockford Files_, and Lt. Frank Harper in the TV series _Hardcastle and McCormick_. He appeared on _The Sopranos_ as Angelo Garepe in seven 2004 episodes.

Santos suffered a heart attack on March 14, 2016, according to his son. He died four days later in Santa Monica, California at the age of 84.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: USMC-091106-M-6965W-001.jpg
- **caption**: Staff Sgt. Nicolas Perez, a recruiter with Recruiting Station Los Angeles, laughs with Joe Santos
- **name**: Joe Santos
- **birth name**: Joseph John Minieri Jr.
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1963–2010
- **spouse**: Maria Montero (m. 1958–1988; her death)
- **partner**: Nancy Hobson
- **children**: Perry Santos
Joe Santos Jr.
Lilli Santos
José Luis Artetxe

**José Luis Artetxe Muguire** (26 June 1930 – 19 March 2016) was a Spanish footballer who played as a striker. He was born in Algorta, Spain. His career began in 1947.

Artetxe played for Getxo from 1949 through 1950, for Athletic Bilbao from 1950 through 1965 and for Spain national football team in 1953 and again from 1954 through 1959. He retired in the 1960s.

Artetxe earned six caps for Spain, during five years. His debut came on 17 March 1954 in a 2–2 draw against Turkey for the 1954 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. He scored the game's first goal in Rome.

Artetxe died in Bilbao, Spain from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- Spain stats at Eu-Football
Titles of Nobility Amendment

The **Titles of Nobility Amendment** is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution. It was approved by the 11th Congress on May 1, 1810, and submitted to the state legislatures for ratification. It would strip United States citizenship from any citizen who accepted a title of nobility from a foreign country. On two occasions between 1812 and 1816, it only needed ratifying by two states to become a valid part of the Constitution. Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, so the amendment is still pending before the states. Now, since the number of states has increased, ratification by an additional 26 states would be needed for this amendment to be adopted.

## Background

This proposed amendment would amplify both Article I, Section 9, which prohibits the federal government from issuing titles of nobility or honor, and Section 10, which prohibits the states from issuing them.

There is speculation that the Congress proposed the amendment in response to the 1803 marriage of Napoleon Bonaparte's younger brother, Jerome, and Betsy Patterson of Baltimore, Maryland. She gave birth to a son for whom she wanted aristocratic recognition from France. The child, named Jérôme Napoleon Bonaparte, was not born in the United States, but in Great Britain on July 7, 1805. Nevertheless, he would have held U.S. citizenship through his mother. In turn, his son, Charles Joseph Bonaparte, was born in 1851 and died 1921. He graduated from Harvard Law School, and became Secretary of the Navy and then, in the Theodore Roosevelt Administration, Attorney-General – and created the FBI. Another theory is that his mother actually desired a title of nobility for herself. She is referred to as the "Duchess of Baltimore" in many texts written about the amendment. The marriage had been annulled in 1805. This was well before the amendment's proposal by the 11th Congress. Nonetheless, Representative Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina is recorded to have said that "he considered the vote on this question as deciding whether or not we were to have members of the Legion of Honor in this country."

## Other websites

- N.H. Republican Lawmakers Allege Missing Constitutional Amendment Was Purposely Deleted in 1871