juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
IPhone 17

The **iPhone 17** is a smartphone made and sold by Apple. It is the nineteenth-generation iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 16. The phone was announced along the higher-priced iPhone 17 Pro and 17 Pro Max and the iPhone Air during the Apple Event at Apple Park in Cupertino, California, on September 9, 2025 and released on September 19, 2025.

### Design

The iPhone 17 comes in 5 colors: Lavender, Sage, Mist Blue, White, and Black.

|Color|Name|
| --- | --- |
||Lavender|
||Sage|
||Mist Blue|
||White|
||Black|

### Set of chips

The iPhone 17 uses the new Apple A19 SoC (system on a chip). It has the new Apple-designed N1 networking chip, part of a tendency by Apple to depend less on Broadcom.

The iPhone 17 also removes the 128GB storage option that was available from its predecessor, the iPhone 16, marking the first base model iPhone to only come with 256GB and 512GB of storage with prices starting from $799.

### Screen

The iPhone 17 includes a larger 6.3" OLED screen and dynamic 120Hz ProMotion refresh rate, its first use on a non-Pro iPhone model.

The screen uses a resolution of 2622x1206 at 460 pixels per inch. The iPhone 17 also supports Always-On display.

### Camera

The iPhone 17 uses a 48 Megapixel Dual Fusion camera system, with a 48 Megapixel Fusion Main lens, and a 48 Megapixel Fusion Ultra Wide. This enables 12 Megapixel 2x Telephoto photos and videos with visual quality using the main camera lens.

The front camera uses a 18MP Centre Stage camera with Dual Capture, which allows the front camera to be used in any direction and create either a landscape, or portrait photo, based on who's in the shot.

### Security

Starting with all iPhone 17 models and iPhone Air, devices based on the A19 and A19 Pro include Memory Integrity Enforcement (MIE).

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: iPhone 17
- **developer**: Apple Inc., Apple
- **logo**:
- **image**: IPhone 17 Vector.svg
- **caption**: iPhone 17 in Lavender
- **serieslabel**: 17
- **family**: iPhone
- **slogan**: “Magichromatic.”
- **networks**: 2G GSM/EDGE (telecommunication), EDGE, 3G UMTS/HSPA+, 4G LTE (telecommunications), LTE, 5G 5G NR, NR
- **predecessor**: iPhone 16, iPhone 16 and 16 Plus
- **related**: iPhone Air
iPhone 17 Pro, iPhone 17 Pro and 17 Pro Max
- **form**: Slate phone, Slate
- **display**: resolution at up to 120hz
- **soc**: Apple A19
- **type**: Smartphone
- **os**: **Original:** iOS 26

- **storage**: 256 or 512 GB
- **memory**: 8 GB LPDDR5
- **front camera**: 18 MP, f/1.9, 23 mm (wide)
- **connectivity**: Wi-Fi 7 (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be) tri-band
Bluetooth 6.0 (A2DP, Bluetooth LE, LE)
 Ultra-wideband (UWB)
Thread (network protocol), Thread
Near-field communication, NFC (reader mode, Express Cards)
 USB-C: USB#USB 2.0, USB 2.0 480 Mbit/s
 Dual-frequency Global Positioning System, GPS (GPS signals, L1,L5), GLONASS, Galileo (satellite navigation), Galileo, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, QZSS, BeiDou, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System, NavIC
- **water resist**: IP68 (up to 6 m for 30 minutes)
- **other**: Price: £799
Otis

**Otis** can be

## People

- Otis Redding (d. 1967), singer
- Otis (wrestler), a ring name of American professional wrestler Nikola Bogojević (born 1991)
- Otis family, an American political family
- Otis, American rapper in the duo Axe Murder Boyz
- Otis (given name), a list of people
- Otis (surname), a list of people

### United States

- Otis, Colorado, a Statutory Town
- Otis, Indiana, an unincorporated community
- Otis, Iowa, a neighborhood of Cedar Rapids
- Otis, Kansas, a city
- Otis, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
- Otis, Maine, a town
- Otis, Massachusetts, a town
- Otis, Oregon, an unincorporated community
- Otis, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
- Otis Peak, a mountain in Colorado
- Otis Air National Guard Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts

### Antarctica

- Mount Otis, Marie Byrd Land

### Movies and television

- _Otis_ (movie), a direct-to-DVD 2008 American comedy horror film
- "Otis" (_The Jeffersons_), a television episode
- "Otis" (_Prison Break_), a television episode

### Music

- _Otis_ (Brian McFadden album), 2019
- _Otis_ (Mojo Nixon album), 1990
- "Otis" (song), by Jay-Z and Kanye West, 2011
- "Otis", a song by Magma from _Merci_, 1985
- "Otis", a song by Medeski Martin & Wood from _Notes from the Underground_, 1992
- "Otis", a song by The Durutti Column from _24 Hour Party People_ (soundtrack), 2002
- "Otis", a song by John Medeski from _A Different Time_, 2013

## Other uses

- Otis Worldwide, American manufacturer of elevators, escalators, and related systems
- Otis College of Art and Design, in Los Angeles, California, US
- Otis Hotel, a historic building in Spokane, Washington, US
- _Otis_ (bird), a genus of bustard
- List of storms named Otis, various tropical cyclones baring the name
I Want to Eat Your Pancreas (movie)

is a 2018 Japanese animated coming-of-age drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name by Yoru Sumino. The movie was produced by Studio VOLN. It was distributed by Aniplex. The movie is written and directed by Shinichiro Ushijima. It has the actors Mahiro Takasugi, Lynn, Yukiyo Fujii, Yuma Uchida, Jun Fukushima, Atsuko Tanaka, Shin-ichiro Miki, and Emi Wakui. In the movie, a male high school student becomes friends with his classmate Sakura Yamauchi. She has a terminal illness in her pancreas.

An anime movie adaptation of the novel was announced in August 2017. Some of the actors were revealed in March 2018. The rest of the cast was revealed in June, July, and August 2018.

_I Want to Eat Your Pancreas_ had its preview in Tokyo on July 24, 2018. It was released in Japan on September 1. The movie made over million worldwide and had positive reviews from movie critics. They liked the story and its message, animation, and writing. The movie was given many nominations from movie festivals at Sitges and Scotland

## Infobox (japanese)

- **child**: yes
- **hide**: no
- **header**: none
- **kanji**: 君の膵臓をたべたい
- **revhep**: _Kimi no Suizō o Tabetai_


## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Shinichiro Ushijima
- **screenplay**: Shinichiro Ushijima
- **cinematography**: Mayuko Koike
- **editing**: Yumi Jinguji
- **music**: Hiroko Sebu
- **studio**: Studio VOLN
- **distributor**: Aniplex
- **runtime**: 108 minutes
- **country**: Japan
- **language**: Japanese
- **gross**: million
Breitling

**Breitling** is a Swiss watch manufacturer. Headquartered in Grenchen and founded in Saint-Imier, the company has been producing watches and timepieces almost continuously since 1884. Breitling primarily produces chronometer-certified watches with themes inspired by pilots and aviation. Its primary focus is on relatively large watches, often with chronograph complications. Breitling offers both mechanical and quartz watches.

All Breitling watches are manufactured in Switzerland, with components predominantly sourced from Switzerland. All movements used in Breitling watches have undergone chronometer certification by the COSC. Since 2009, Breitling has become a so-called _manufacture_, as they produce a chronograph movement entirely designed, manufactured, and assembled in-house, the caliber B01.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Breitling
- **image upright**: 0.9
- **trade name**: Breitling
- **logo**:
- **logo alt**: Breitling logo
- **image**: Breitling MG 2683.jpg
- **foundation**: in Saint-Imier
- **founder**: Léon Breitling
- **hq location**: <small></small>
- **industry**: Watch, Watches
- **homepage**: [https://www.breitling.com breitling.com]
Charleville, Queensland

**Charleville** is a town in southwest Queensland, Australia. It is the main town in the Shire of Murweh and is located on the Warrego River.  Charleville is about 740 kilometres (460 miles) west of Brisbane.

## History

Charleville was founded in the 1860s during the time when settlers moved west looking for land. The town grew because it was an important stop on the railway line and a centre for sheep grazing.

## Geography

Charleville is in a dry, flat area known as the Channel Country. The Warrego River flows through the town, but it only has water after heavy rains.

## Climate

Charleville has a hot semi-arid climate. Summers are very hot, and winters are mild to cool.
- Summer temperatures often reach over 35°C (95°F)
- Winter daytime temperatures are usually between 15°C and 25°C (59°F–77°F)
- Night temperatures can drop close to 0°C (32°F) in winter
- Most rain falls during the summer months

## Population

As of the 2021 census, about 3,400 people live in Charleville. It is one of the larger towns in southwest Queensland.

## Economy

The town’s economy is mainly based on:
- Sheep and cattle grazing
- Tourism
- Local services and businesses
- Transport

Charleville is connected by:
- Road: The Warrego Highway links Charleville with Brisbane and other towns
- Rail: The town is on the Western railway line
- Air: Charleville Airport has flights to Brisbane and other cities

## Facilities

Charleville has:
- Schools and a library
- A hospital and health services
- Shops, hotels, and cafes
- Museums and parks
- Tourism

## Attractions

Tourists visit Charleville for:
- The Cosmos Centre – an observatory and space science centre
- The Royal Flying Doctor Service Visitor Centre – learn about this important medical service
- Exploring the Outback scenery
- Watching birds and wildlife

## Events

Charleville hosts events like:
- The Charleville Camel Races
- Local rodeos and shows
- Outback festivals

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Charleville
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Charleville RFDS DSC03284.JPG
- **caption**: The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, Royal Flying Doctor Service at Charleville
- **pop**: 2992
- **established**: 1865
- **area**: 613.5
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **dist1**: 747
- **dir1**: W
- **location1**: Brisbane
- **dist2**: 616
- **dir2**: W
- **location2**: Toowoomba
- **dist3**: 265
- **dir3**: W
- **location3**: Roma, Queensland, Roma
- **dist4**: 513
- **dir4**: SE
- **location4**: Longreach, Queensland, Longreach
- **dist5**: 199
- **dir5**: N
- **location5**: Cunnamulla
- **elevation**: 293.5
- **maxtemp**: 28.0
- **mintemp**: 13.9
- **rainfall**: 497.4
Julia Creek, Queensland

**Julia Creek **is a small town in northwest Queensland, Australia. It is part of the Shire of McKinlay and is located on the Flinders Highway, between the towns of Cloncurry and Richmond. Julia Creek is about 650 kilometres (400 miles) west of Townsville.

## History

The town was named after Julia Creek, a local waterway, which itself was named by explorer John McKinlay in the 1860s. The town grew in the early 1900s when the Great Northern railway was extended to the area. It became a service centre for the cattle and sheep industries.

## Geography

Julia Creek is located in the savannah grasslands of northwest Queensland, a region known as the Gulf Country. The land is flat and open, with native grasses, low shrubs, and a few trees. The area is mostly used for cattle grazing.

## Climate

Julia Creek has a hot semi-arid climate, with very hot summers and mild to warm winters. Summer temperatures can rise above 40°C (104°F), while winter days are warm, but nights can be cold, sometimes dropping to 5°C (41°F). Most rain falls in the summer wet season (November to March), and the rest of the year is usually dry and sunny.

## Population

As of the 2021 census, about 500 people live in Julia Creek. It is a small but important town for the surrounding rural area.

## Economy

Julia Creek's economy is based on:
- Beef cattle farming
- Tourism
- Mining (especially in nearby areas like Cloncurry and Mount Isa)
- Transport

Julia Creek is connected by:
- Flinders Highway – a major road across northern Queensland
- Railway line – part of the Great Northern Line
- Airstrip – small airport for mail and medical flights

## Facilities

The town has:
- A primary school
- Medical clinic
- Swimming pool
- Shops, fuel station, and pub
- A visitor information centre

## Tourism and Attractions

Julia Creek is known for its friendly outback atmosphere. Visitors can enjoy:
- "At the Creek" Visitor Centre – includes displays about the region and the Julia Creek dunnart, a rare small marsupial
- Nature walks and birdwatching
- Camping grounds and outback sunsets
- The annual Julia Creek Dirt n Dust Festival (including a triathlon, horse races, and fun events)

## Events

- Dirt n Dust Festival – held in April, includes sports, music, and Outback fun
- Local agricultural shows, campdrafts, and rodeo events

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Julia Creek
- **state**: qld
- **image**: McKinlay channels, Julia Creek, 2020.jpg
- **caption**: McKinlay channels, Julia Creek, 2020
- **pop**: 549
- **postcode**: 4823
- **area**: 6186.2
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **dist1**: 138
- **dir1**: E
- **location1**: Cloncurry, Queensland, Cloncurry
- **dist2**: 258
- **dir2**: E
- **location2**: Mount Isa
- **dist3**: 467
- **dir3**: WSW
- **location3**: Townsville
- **dist4**: 1603
- **dir4**: NW
- **location4**: Brisbane
- **elevation**: 123
- **maxtemp**: 33.3
- **mintemp**: 17.4
- **rainfall**: 461.3
Winton, Queensland

**Winton **is a small town in central-west Queensland, Australia. It is the main town in the Shire of Winton and is located in the Outback, about 1,350 kilometres (840 miles) northwest of Brisbane and 180 kilometres (112 miles) northwest of Longreach.

## History

The Winton area is on the land of the Koa people, the region’s Traditional Owners.

European settlement began in the late 1800s, and Winton became a service centre for the growing sheep and cattle industries.

Winton is known as the birthplace of “Waltzing Matilda,” one of Australia's most famous songs. It was first performed in Winton in 1895.

## Geography

Winton is located in the Channel Country, a dry region where rivers only flow after heavy rain. The land around Winton is mostly flat and dry, with gibber plains (rocky deserts), grasslands, and red soil. The town sits near the Western River (a dry riverbed most of the year).

## Climate

Winton has a hot semi-arid climate. It is very hot in summer and mild in winter. Summer temperatures often go above 40°C (104°F), and winters are warm during the day, but nights can fall below 5°C (41°F). Rain is rare, but most falls between December and March. Clear skies mean strong sun during the day and cool nights.

## Population

As of the 2021 census, about 875 people live in Winton. Although small, Winton plays an important role in the Outback region.

## Economy

Winton’s economy is based on:
- Sheep and cattle grazing
- Tourism, especially fossil tourism and Outback history
- Local services for surrounding properties

## Transport

Winton is connected by:
- Road: On the Landsborough Highway between Longreach and Cloncurry
- Rail: Winton used to have a train line, but it is now closed
- Air: Winton has a small airport with flights to Longreach, Townsville, and other towns

## Tourism and Attractions

Winton is famous for its dinosaur fossils, bush poetry, and Outback culture. Tourist attractions include:
- Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum – home to real dinosaur fossils found nearby
- Waltzing Matilda Centre – a museum about the song and Outback life
- Dinosaur Stampede National Monument at Lark Quarry – the site of 95-million-year-old dinosaur footprints
- Outback landscapes, wildlife, and sunsets

## Events

Winton hosts popular events such as:
- Waltzing Matilda Day (April)
- O utback Festival – held every two years, includes fun games, races, and music
- Way Out West Festival – country music and culture
- Film festivals – Winton has been a filming location for Outback movies

## Facilities

Winton has:
- A school
- A hospital and health clinic
- Shops, fuel station, and pubs
- A library, museums, and visitor centre
- Caravan parks and tourist accommodation

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Winton
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Winton-outback-queensland-australia.jpg
- **caption**: Elderslie Street
- **postcode**: 4735
- **pop**: 875
- **maxtemp**: 32.8
- **mintemp**: 17.1
- **rainfall**: 352.8
- **dist1**: 441
- **location1**: Mount Isa
- **dist2**: 1153
- **location2**: Brisbane
- **dist3**: 1317
- **location3**: Alice Springs
Camooweal

**Camooweal **is a very small town in northwest Queensland, Australia. It is part of the City of Mount Isa and is located close to the Northern Territory border, along the Barkly Highway. Camooweal is about 190 kilometres (120 miles) northwest of Mount Isa and around 1,900 kilometres (1,180 miles) from Brisbane.

## Geography

Camooweal is in the far northwest Outback, in a dry region with flat grasslands, red dirt, and low shrubs. The area is part of the Georgina River basin, and floods sometimes happen during the wet season.

It is often called the "Gateway to the Northern Territory", as it sits just 12 km from the border.

## Climate

Camooweal has a hot semi-arid to arid climate.

Summers are extremely hot, with temperatures often above 40°C (104°F), while winters are warm during the day and cold at night, with lows near 5°C (41°F), most rain falls between November and March, and the rest of the year is mostly dry and sunny.

## Population

As of the 2021 census, 191 people live in Camooweal. The population is small, but the town provides services for travelers, truckers, and nearby cattle stations.

## History

Camooweal sits on the traditional lands of the Indjilandji people. European settlers arrived in the 1860s, and Camooweal grew as a stop for drovers, truckers, and stock routes.

## Economy

The local economy is based on:
- Cattle grazing
- Road transport services
- Tourism, especially from people driving across Australia

## Transport

Camooweal is a key stop for long-distance travel:
- Located on the Barkly Highway, connecting Mount Isa (QLD) and Tennant Creek (NT)
- Popular stop for truck drivers and caravanners
- Small airstrip used for emergency and service flights

## Tourism and Attractions

Tourists stop in Camooweal to experience remote Outback culture and local history:
- Drover’s Camp Museum – celebrates the history of stockmen and cattle drives
- Camooweal Caves National Park – known for limestone caves and karst formations
- Bush camping, stargazing, and birdwatching in the surrounding countryside

## Facilities

Camooweal has:
- A small school
- A clinic (remote health services)
- A roadhouse, fuel station, pub, and post office
- A community centre and police station

## Events

The events in Camooweal are:
- Drover’s Camp Festival – held in August, celebrates Outback history, bush poetry, and the droving life

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Camooweal
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Post Office Hotel, Camooweal, 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Post Office Hotel, 2019
- **pop**: 236
- **established**: 1884
- **area**: 9537.0
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **dist1**: 190
- **dir1**: NW
- **location1**: Mount Isa
- **dist2**: 471
- **dir2**: E
- **location2**: Tennant Creek, Tennant Creek (NT)
- **dist3**: 1094
- **dir3**: W
- **location3**: Townsville
- **dist4**: 1410
- **dir4**: SE
- **location4**: Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin (NT)
- **dist5**: 2015
- **dir5**: NW
- **location5**: Brisbane
- **maxtemp**: 32.9
- **elevation**: 231.2
- **mintemp**: 17.7
- **rainfall**: 399.4
Cunnamulla

**Cunnamulla** is a small town in southwest Queensland, Australia. It is the main town in the Shire of Paroo. The town is located on the Warrego River, about 750 kilometres (470 miles) west of Brisbane. Cunnamulla is part of the Outback and is known for its rural lifestyle, sheep and cattle farming, and bush culture.

## History

The land around Cunnamulla belongs to the Kunja people, the area’s Traditional Owners.

European settlers arrived in the mid-1800s. The town began in the 1870s as a stop on the Cobb & Co stagecoach route. The name "Cunnamulla" comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "long stretch of water".

## Geography

Cunnamulla is located in the semi-arid Outback, with flat land, red soil, and open plains. The Warrego River flows through the town. The area can experience floods after heavy rain. It is surrounded by bushland, farmland, and grazing properties.

## Climate

Cunnamulla has a hot semi-arid climate. Summers are very hot, with temperatures over 40°C (104°F). Winters are warm during the day and cold at night (as low as 2°C), most rain falls from December to March, and the rest of the year is usually dry and sunny.

## Population

As of the 2021 census, about 1,140 people live in Cunnamulla. The town supports people from many surrounding rural areas.

## Economy

Cunnamulla’s economy is based on:
- Sheep and wool farming
- Beef cattle grazing
- Tourism, especially Outback travel and history
- Local services and small businesses

## Transport

Cunnamulla is connected by:
- Road: On the Matilda Way, linking it with Charleville and Bourke (NSW)
- Bus services
- A small airport with flights to and from Brisbane (via Charleville)
- A railway once ran to Cunnamulla, but it is no longer used for passengers

## Tourism and Attractions

Tourists visit Cunnamulla to experience the Australian Outback and local culture:
- Cunnamulla Fella Statue – a large statue of a bushman, based on a Slim Dusty song
- Cunnamulla Fella Visitor Centre – museum and information hub
- Bowra Sanctuary – popular for birdwatching and nature walks
- Warrego River – fishing, kayaking, and camping
- Drives to nearby towns like Eulo, Yowah (famous for opals), and Thargomindah

## Events

- Cunnamulla Fella Festival – held annually, celebrates Outback music, culture, and rodeo events
- Campdrafts, rodeos, and local agricultural shows

## Facilities

Cunnamulla has:
- A primary and secondary school
- A hospital and health services
- Shops, fuel stations, pubs, and cafes
- Visitor centre, library, and sporting grounds

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Cunnamulla
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Cunnamulla QLD.JPG
- **caption**: Cunnamulla war memorial, 2010
- **est**: 1868
- **pop**: 1233
- **elevation**: 189
- **area**: 4591.1
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **maxtemp**: 28.1
- **mintemp**: 14.2
- **rainfall**: 376.2
- **dist1**: 199
- **dir1**: SSW
- **location1**: Charleville, Queensland, Charleville
- **dist2**: 257
- **dir2**: N
- **location2**: Bourke, New South Wales, Bourke
- **dist3**: 293
- **dir3**: W
- **location3**: St George, Queensland, St George
- **dist4**: 790
- **dir4**: W
- **location4**: Brisbane
Quilpie, Queensland

**Quilpie** is a small town in South West Queensland, Australia. It is the main town in the Shire of Quilpie. Quilpie is located on the Bulloo River, about 950 kilometres (590 miles) west of Brisbane, and around 210 kilometres (130 miles) west of Charleville.

Quilpie is part of the Australian Outback and is known for its opal mining, sheep grazing, and rural lifestyle.

## History

The area around Quilpie is the traditional land of the Kalkadoon and Margany Aboriginal peoples.

European settlement began in the late 1800s. The town of Quilpie was established in 1917 as a railway stop. The town grew as a service centre for sheep stations and opal miners.

The name “Quilpie” may come from an Aboriginal word meaning "stone curlew", a type of bird.

## Geography

Quilpie is located in the Channel Country, a dry region where rivers flow only after heavy rain. The land is mostly flat, with red soil, low shrubs, and grassy plains. The Bulloo River runs near the town, but is often dry.

## Climate

Quilpie has a hot semi-arid climate. Summers are very hot, with temperatures over 40°C (104°F), while winters are mild during the day and cold at night (down to 2–5°C), most rain falls between November and March, and long periods of dry weather are common.

## Population

As of the 2021 census, about 574 people live in Quilpie. The population is small, but the town supports a large surrounding area of sheep and cattle stations.

## Economy

Quilpie’s economy is based on:
- Sheep grazing and wool production
- Opal mining, especially the rare boulder opal
- Local services and tourism

The town is one of the few places where boulder opals are found.

## Transport

Quilpie is connected by:
- Road: Located on the Diamantina Developmental Road
- Quilpie Airport: Has regular flights to Brisbane and Charleville
- Long-distance bus services
- Railway: The Western railway line ends in Quilpie (freight only now)

## Tourism and Attractions

Tourists visit Quilpie for its Outback scenery, opal history, and quiet rural lifestyle. Main attractions include:
- Opal searching
- St. Finbarr’s Church, with a room made of boulder opals
- Lakes and wetlands nearby, good for birdwatching
- Baldy Top Lookout, with views over the Outback
- Drives to nearby towns like Eromanga (home to Australia’s largest dinosaur fossil)

## Facilities

Quilpie has:
- A primary and high school
- A hospital and medical clinic
- Shops, pubs, fuel station, and library
- Visitor information centre and museums

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Quilpie
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Brolga Street, Quilpie.JPG
- **caption**: Brolga St, the main street of Quilpie
- **pop**: 530
- **established**: 1917
- **area**: 17847.0
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **dist1**: 211
- **dir1**: W
- **location1**: Charleville, Queensland, Charleville
- **dist2**: 478
- **dir2**: W
- **location2**: Roma, Queensland, Roma
- **dist3**: 829
- **dir3**: W
- **location3**: Toowoomba
- **dist4**: 1099
- **dir4**: W
- **location4**: Brisbane
Betoota, Queensland

**Betoota** is a very small town in Queensland, Australia. It is in the Outback, a remote and dry area far from big cities. Betoota is known as one of the smallest towns in Australia.

## History

Betoota was once an important stop for travellers and workers in the Outback. It started as a place where people could rest and get supplies when moving through the area. The Betoota Hotel was built in the late 1800s and became a popular meeting point. Over time, the town became smaller as fewer people lived and worked there. Today, Betoota has very few residents, but the hotel is still open.

## Geography

Betoota is in southwestern Queensland, near the border with South Australia. It lies close to the Simpson Desert, one of the largest deserts in Australia. The land around Betoota is flat and dry with sandy soil. There are few trees or plants because of the dry weather.

## Climate

Betoota has a hot desert climate. Summers are very hot, with temperatures often going above 40°C (104°F). Winters are mild during the day, but can be cold at night. Rain is very rare, and the area is mostly dry all year. The weather can be harsh, especially during summer heat waves.

## Population

Betoota is one of the smallest towns in Australia. In recent years, the population has been less than 10 people. Most of the town is quiet, but the Betoota Hotel remains a popular stop for travellers.

## Culture and Economy

Betoota is best known for its historic hotel, which is a landmark in the area. The hotel serves drinks and meals to visitors and locals. Some travellers and tourists visit Betoota to experience life in the remote Outback, the town does not have many shops or services.

## Transport

Betoota is accessible by road but is far from major highways and cities. The roads are often unpaved and can be difficult to drive on, especially after rain. The nearest larger towns are Birdsville and Bedourie.

## Trivia

- Betoota was once the smallest town in Australia with an official population.
- The Betoota Hotel has appeared in stories and news because of its remote location.
- The town is sometimes used as a symbol of Outback life in Australia.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Betoota
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Store in Betoota, 1903.tiff
- **caption**: A store in Betoota in 1903
- **est**: 1887
- **pop**: 3
- **pop year**: 2023
- **dist1**: 1530
- **dir1**: W
- **location1**: Brisbane
- **dist2**: 1367
- **dir2**: N
- **location2**: Adelaide
- **dist3**: 175
- **dir3**: E
- **location3**: Birdsville
Bedourie, Queensland

**Bedourie **is a small town in Queensland, Australia. It is in the Outback, a remote and dry region far from big cities. Bedourie is known as a center for cattle farming and a stop for travelers crossing the desert.

## History

Bedourie was established in the late 1800s. It started as a place where cattle farmers could rest and get supplies. Over time, it became an important town for people living and working in the harsh Outback. The town grew slowly because of its remote location. Today, Bedourie is still a small but important community for the region.

## Geography

Bedourie is in southwestern Queensland, near the border with the Northern Territory. It is close to the Simpson Desert and the Diamantina River. The land around Bedourie is mostly flat and dry with sandy soil. The town is surrounded by desert and grasslands.

## Climate

Bedourie has a hot desert climate. Summers are very hot with temperatures often reaching above 40°C (104°F). Winters are mild during the day but can be cold at night. Rain is rare and usually falls in short bursts during the summer. The area is mostly dry all year.

## Population

Bedourie has a small population, with about 200 people living in the town and nearby areas. The community is close-knit and relies on cattle farming and tourism for work.

## Economy

The main work in Bedourie is cattle farming. Many large cattle stations (ranches) are near the town. Tourism is also important because travelers stop in Bedourie to rest and buy supplies when crossing the desert.

## Transport

Bedourie is connected by road to other towns in Queensland and the Northern Territory. The roads can be rough and sometimes closed during rain. There is a small airport near the town for planes.

## Culture and Community

Bedourie has a school, a health clinic, and a small number of shops. The town hosts local events and festivals to celebrate Outback life and culture. Visitors often enjoy learning about the history and lifestyle of people living in remote Australia.

## Trivia

- Bedourie is near the famous Birdsville Track, a historic cattle route.
- The town hosts an annual Bedourie Camel Races event.
- Bedourie was flooded in 2023, showing how even desert areas can have strong weather events.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Bedourie
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Bedourie Community Centre, 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Bedourie Community Centre, 2016
- **pop**: 150
- **area**: 36186.5
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **dist1**: 217
- **dir1**: S
- **location1**: Boulia, Queensland, Boulia
- **dist2**: 506
- **dir2**: S
- **location2**: Mount Isa
- **dist3**: 1668
- **dir3**: WNW
- **location3**: Brisbane
- **elevation**: 90
- **maxtemp**: 32.0
- **mintemp**: 16.7
- **rainfall**: 201.3
Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

**Charlotte Christine Sophie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel** (28 August 1694-2 November 1715) was Tsarevna, or crown princess, of Russia by her marriage to Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia. She was born a German princess because she was the daughter of Louis Rudolph, the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, a place in the Holy Roman Empire. She died in childbirth when her second child was born, who later became Peter II of Russia. She died before her father-in-law (father of her husband), Peter the Great, so she never became Empress of Russia.

### Family

Charlotte Christine was born in 1694, and she was the daughter of Louis Rudolph, the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and her mother was Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen. Not a lot is known about her childhood, but it is known that she lived in Saxony under the Prince-elector.

### Marriage

In 1711, she married the Tsarevich, or crown prince, of Russia, Alexei Petrovich. The marriage was unhappy, and she was treated badly by her husband.

### Death

In late 1715, the Tsarevna went into labour (gave birth to a child). Emperor Peter was happy when the child turned out to be a boy, who was also named Peter. Not a long time after, Charlotte began to suffer from postpartum (after birth) complications, and she died not long after. She put her children in the care of their grandfather before she died, and was buried unembalmed as she said her will.

## Children

- Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeievna (21 July 1714 - 22 November 1728), died in childhood
- Peter II (23 October 1715 - 30 January 1730), became Emperor of Russia

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- **title**: Tsarevna of Russia
- **image**: File:Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait by Johann Gottfried Tannauer, 1710s
- **birth date**: 28 August 1694
- **death date**: 2 November 1715
- **spouse**: Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia, Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia

- **spouse-type**: Spouse
- **consort**: yes
- **issue**: Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeievna of Russia, Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeievna
Peter II of Russia
- **issue-type**: Children
- **royal house**: House of Welf, Welf
- **father**: Louise Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- **mother**: Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
- **religion**: Lutheranism, Lutheran
Belgrano II Base

**Belgrano II Base** is a scientific research station in Antarctica. It is run by Argentina. It is one of the southernmost research stations in the world. , Belgrano II is one of the 13 research stations in Antarctica operated by Argentina.

## Location

Belgrano II is located in Coats Land, near the Weddell Sea. The station is built on ice about 1,300 kilometers from the South Pole. It is the southernmost of all Argentine stations.

The base is built on a floating ice shelf called the Berkner Ice Shelf, which is part of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Because it is on ice, the location slowly moves over time.

## History

Belgrano II was opened in 1979. It replaced Belgrano I, which was closed because the ice under it became too dangerous. Belgrano II was built using special modules designed to survive in the extreme cold.

## Research

The base is used for scientific research in areas like:
- Glaciology (study of ice)
- Meteorology (study of weather)
- Geophysics
- Medicine
- Climate change

It is active all year, even during the long, dark Antarctic winter. Around 20 people live there in summer, and about 15 stay for the winter.

## Buildings

Belgrano II has several connected modules (like big containers), which include:
- Sleeping quarters
- Laboratories
- Kitchen and dining area
- Medical room
- Communications room
- The base is built on stilts or skids to help it stay above the snow.

## Geography

Belgrano II is on the Berkner Island, which is fully covered in ice. It is surrounded by thick snow and glaciers. The Weddell Sea is nearby, but most of the year it is covered with sea ice.

## Climate

Belgrano II has a polar climate, with:
- Very cold winters, temperatures below -40°C (-40°F)
- Cold summers, usually around -10°C (14°F)
- Very strong winds
- Little snowfall, but constant snow drifting
- No sunlight during winter months (polar night)
- 2 4-hour daylight in summer (midnight sun)

## Trivia

- Belgrano II is one of the closest stations to the South Pole.
- The base uses renewable energy, including wind power.
- It has its own chapel called “Capilla de San Francisco de Asís” – the southernmost chapel in the world.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Belgrano II Base
- **settlement type**: Research stations in Antarctica, Antarctic base
- **image skyline**: Base Belgrano.jpg
- **image alt**: View of Belgrano II, austral summer of 2007
- **image caption**: View of Belgrano II, austral summer of 2007
- **imagesize**: 280
- **blank emblem alt**: Official Belgrano II emblem
- **flag border**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Antarctica
- **pushpin map alt**: Location within Antarctica
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Antarctica
- **established title2**: Established
- **established date2**:
(1978–79 austral summer season)
- **elevation m**: 256
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population blank1 title**: Summer
- **population blank1**: 24
- **population blank2 title**: Winter
- **population blank2**: 19
- **timezone1**: Time in Argentina, ART
- **utc offset1**: -3
Scott Base

**Scott Base** is a research station in Antarctica. It is run by New Zealand. The base is used for scientific research and as a support station for people working in Antarctica.

## Location

Scott Base is on Ross Island, near the Ross Ice Shelf. It is close to the coast of Antarctica and just 3 kilometers (2 miles) from the United States' McMurdo Station. The base is built on solid ground at the edge of Mount Erebus, an active volcano.

## History

Scott Base was opened in 1957 for the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. It was named after Captain Robert Falcon Scott, a British explorer who led early expeditions to the South Pole. Since then, the base has been used by New Zealand for many types of scientific research and logistical support.

## Research

Scott Base is used for research in:
- Climate and weather
- Glaciers and ice
- Geology
- Biology
- Environmental studies

Scientists work there during the summer, and a smaller group stays over winter. Around 85 people live there in summer, and about 10–15 stay for the winter.

## Buildings

The base has green-colored buildings connected by covered walkways. It includes:
- Living quarters
- Laboratories
- Dining room
- Workshops
- Storage areas
- A wind farm to make electricity

There are also communications rooms and vehicle garages.

## Geography

Scott Base is located on Ross Island, which is made of volcanic rock. Nearby are:
- Mount Erebus (an active volcano)
- Ross Ice Shelf
- McMurdo Sound
- McMurdo Station (USA)

The area has a mix of rock, ice, and snow.

## Climate

Scott Base has a cold polar climate:
- Winter temperatures can fall below -40°C (-40°F)
- Summer temperatures are usually around -2°C to -15°C (28°F to 5°F)
- Strong winds and snow are common
- There is no sunlight during winter (polar night)
- In summer, there is 24-hour daylight (midnight sun)
- The highest recorded temperature was , and the coldest was , and the mean temperature was .

## Trivia

- Scott Base is the only New Zealand base in Antarctica.
- It is close enough to walk or drive to McMurdo Station.
- A wind turbine system helps reduce fuel use at the base.
- The base is managed by Antarctica New Zealand, the government agency for Antarctic programs.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Scott Base
- **settlement type**: Research stations in Antarctica, Antarctic base
- **image skyline**: Scott Base from air.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300
- **image caption**: Aerial photograph of Scott Base, looking towards Observation Hill (McMurdo Station), Observation Hill at left.
- **flag size**: 110px
- **mapsize**: 350px
- **pushpin map**: Antarctica
- **pushpin map alt**: Location of Scott Base in Antarctica
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Scott Base in Antarctica
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **established title**: Established
- **elevation m**: 10
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population blank1 title**: Summer
- **population blank1**: 78
- **population blank2 title**: Winter
- **population blank2**: 11
- **timezone1**: Time in New Zealand, NZST
- **utc offset1**: +12
- **timezone1 dst**: Time in New Zealand, NZDST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +13
Eupnoi

The **Eupnoi** are a suborder of the Opiliones with more than 200 genera and about 1,700 described species.
Don Lake

**Don Lake** (born November 26, 1956) is a Canadian actor, producer, writer, voice artist, and comedian. He is frequently cast by Christopher Guest and is also a close friend and frequent collaborator of Bonnie Hunt.
King George Island (Antarctica)

**King George Island** is the largest island of the South Shetland Islands, near the coast of Antarctica. It is about 120 kilometers (75 miles) long and up to 25 kilometers (16 miles) wide.

## Geography

King George Island is located in the Southern Ocean, about 120 kilometers north of the Antarctic Peninsula. The island has rocky shores, glaciers, and some flat areas. There are a few small lakes and mosses that grow in the warmer parts during summer. King George Island has three major bays, Maxwell Bay, Admiralty Bay, and King George Bay. Admirality Bay is protected as an Antarctic Specially Managed Area under the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

The island is not covered completely in ice, so it is easier to build research stations there than in other parts of Antarctica.

## Climate

The climate on King George Island is cold and windy. It has a polar climate, but it is milder than most of Antarctica.

In summer, temperatures are usually between −2°C and 3°C, and in winter, temperatures often fall below −10°C. Snow can fall all year.

The island gets strong winds and fog. Because of this mild climate, many countries have built research stations there.

## Research Stations

King George Island is one of the most important places for science in Antarctica. Many countries have built research stations on the island. Some of the stations include:
- Eduardo Frei Base (Chile)
- Bellingshausen Station (Russia)
- Great Wall Station (China)
- Artigas Base (Uruguay)
- King Sejong Station (South Korea)
- Carlini Base (Argentina)
- Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (Brazil)
- Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station (Poland)
- Escudero Base (Chile)

Some of these stations work all year, while others are only used in summer.

## People

No one lives on the island permanently. Scientists, workers, and sometimes families stay at the research stations for part of the year. One station, Villa Las Estrellas (Chile), has a small village with houses, a school, and a hospital.

## Transport

King George Island has several airstrips for small airplanes. This makes it easier to bring supplies and people to and from Antarctica. One of the main airfields is near Eduardo Frei Base, which is often used as a gateway to Antarctica.

## Environment

Even though the island is cold, it has wildlife. Animals like penguins, seals, and seabirds live near the coast. People on the island try to protect the environment and follow rules from the Antarctic Treaty.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: King George Island
- **image name**: King George Island map-en.svg
- **image caption**: Map of King George Island
- **location**: Antarctica
- **archipelago**: South Shetland Islands
- **area km2**: 1150
- **length km**: 95
- **width km**: 25
- **population**: No permanent population, 500 working there
- **country**: None
- **treaty system**: Antarctic Treaty System
South Shetland Islands

The **South Shetland Islands** are a group of islands at the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic Peninsula, about 120 kilometers (75 miles) north of Antarctica. They are part of the territory claimed by several countries, but they are governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.

## Geography

The South Shetland Islands are made up of 11 main islands and many smaller ones. The biggest island is King George Island, where many countries have research stations.

Other main islands include:
- Elephant Island
- Livingston Island
- Deception Island
- Greenwich Island
- Robert Island
- Nelson Island

The islands are mostly covered with ice and snow, but some areas are ice-free in summer.

## Climate

The islands have a cold and windy polar climate. In summer, temperatures are usually between −2°C and 3°C, but in winter, temperatures often drop below −10°C.

The islands get snow, rain, and strong winds. Fog and cloudy skies are common. The climate is milder than inland Antarctica, which makes it easier to live and work there.

## Research Stations

Many countries have built research stations on the South Shetland Islands, especially on King George Island. These stations are used for science, weather, and environmental studies. Some of the countries with stations in the South Shetland Islands are:
- Chile
- Russia
- China
- Argentina
- South Korea
- Brazil
- Uruguay
- Poland
- Germany

## History

The South Shetland Islands were discovered in 1819 by British sailors. In the early 1800s, seal hunters came to the islands. Later, scientists and explorers visited.

Many countries have claimed the islands, including the United Kingdom, Chile, and Argentina, but the Antarctic Treaty says no country owns land in Antarctica, including these islands.

## Environment

The islands have important wildlife, including:
- Penguins (such as Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins)
- Seals (like Weddell and Elephant seals)
- Seabirds

The islands are protected by environmental rules under the Antarctic Treaty.

## Population

No people live permanently on the South Shetland Islands. Scientists and workers stay at research stations, mostly during the summer. A few bases stay open in winter too.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: South Shetland Islands
- **image name**: South Shetland Islands Map.png
- **image caption**: Map of the South Shetland Islands
- **image size**: 290px
- **map image**: AntDotMap Livingston.png
- **map caption**: Location of the South Shetlands
- **map size**: 290px
- **location**: Antarctica
- **area km2**: 3687
- **highest mount**: Mount Foster
- **elevation m**: 2025
- **population**: around 500
- **treaty system**: Antarctic Treaty System
Pan-Kurdism

**Pan-Kurdism** is a symbol and idea of Kurdish nationalism.
It was made by Kurdish nationalists in 2025. The symbol is used by two Kurdish nationalist groups: **Hawpa** and **Kurdên Nasyonalîst**.

## History

The Pan-Kurdism symbol was created in 2025 by Kurdish nationalists.
The groups **Hawpa** and **Kurdên Nasyonalîst** began to use it to show Kurdish unity and identity.

## Symbol

The Pan-Kurdism flag shows a nationalist emblem.
It is seen as a mark of Kurdish national feeling and the dream of Pan-Kurdism.

## Use

The Pan-Kurdism flag is used in public by Kurdish nationalist groups.
The main groups are:
- **Hawpa**
- **Kurdên Nasyonalîst**

## References

- Hawpa – Simple English Wikipedia
- Kurdên Nasyonalîst – Kurdish Wikipedia

## Infobox (infobox)

- **name**: Pan-Kurdism
- **image**: Pan-kurdism.png
- **caption**: Symbol of Kurdish nationalism
South Orkney Islands

The **South Orkney Islands** are a group of islands in the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica. They are about 600 kilometers (370 miles) northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula. and 844 kilometers (524 miles) southwest of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

## Geography

The South Orkney Islands are mostly covered by ice and have cold weather all year. The biggest islands are:
- Coronation Island – the largest island
- Laurie Island – where there is a research station

There are many smaller islands and rocks around them.

## History

The islands were discovered in 1821 by two sealers, Nathaniel Palmer from the United States and George Powell from Britain. They were first used by sealers and later by scientists. In 1904, a weather station was built on Laurie Island by Scotland. Later, it was given to Argentina, which still uses it today.

## Research Stations

There are two main research stations:
- Orcadas Station (Argentina) – on Laurie Island, open all year
- Signy Station (United Kingdom) – on Signy Island, open in summer

These stations study weather, animals, ice, and the environment.

## Politics

The South Orkney Islands are claimed by both the United Kingdom and Argentina. But under the Antarctic Treaty, no country owns the land. The treaty says Antarctica is only for peaceful and scientific use.

## Nature

The islands have many kinds of birds, such as penguins and petrels. There are also seals and some small plants like moss and lichens.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: South Orkney Islands
- **image name**: Signy Island Panorama.jpg
- **image caption**: A panorama of Signy Island
- **map image**: South Orkney Islands-en.svg
- **map caption**: Map of the South Orkney Islands
- **area km2**: 620
- **elevation ft**: 4153
- **population**: approx. 53-55 (summer)
 14 (winter)
- **country**: Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System