juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
North Ayrshire

**North Ayrshire** (Gaelic: _Siorrachd Inbhir Àir a Tuath_, ) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders onto the areas of Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire to the north east, and East Ayrshire, and South Ayrshire to the East and South respectively.

The area was created in 1996 as a successor to the district of Cunninghame which covered exactly the same boundaries. The mainland portion of the council area has historically been part of a greater County of Ayr, however it also contains the islands of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae in the lower Firth of Clyde. All the islands were previously in the County of Bute.

### Mainland

- Ardrossan
- Barrmill
- Benslie
- Bourtreehill
- Beith
- Chapeltoun
- Cunninghamhead
- Dalry
- Dreghorn
- Fairlie
- Fergushill
- Gateside, North Ayrshire
- Girdle Toll
- Hessilhead
- Irvine
- Kilbirnie
- Kilwinning
- Largs
- Perceton
- Portencross
- Saltcoats
- Seamill
- Skelmorlie
- Springside
- Stevenston
- West Kilbride

### Arran

- Brodick
- Blackwaterfoot
- Lamlash
- Lochranza

### The Cumbraes

- Millport

### Secondary Schools In North Ayrshire

- Ardrossan Academy, Ardrossan
- St Andrew's Academy, Saltcoats (merged to form St Matthew's Academy)
- Kilwinning Academy, Kilwinning
- St Michael's Academy, Kilwinning (merged to form St Matthew's Academy)
- Greenwood Academy, Irvine
- Irvine Royal Academy, Irvine
- Auchenharvie Academy, Stevenston
- Largs Academy, Largs
- St Matthew's Academy, Saltcoats
- Garnock Academy

## Places of Interest

- Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park
- Eglinton Country Park, Irvine
- Eglinton Tournament Bridge

## Other websites

- Ardrossan Academy website
East Ayrshire

**East Ayrshire** () is one of 32 council area of Scotland. It borders North Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire, South Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway. With South Ayrshire and the mainland areas of North Ayrshire, it formed the county of Ayrshire.

The area was formed in 1996, from the former Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Cumnock and Doon Valley districts.

## Main Towns

Kilmarnock is the largest town. Other towns are New Cumnock and Cumnock.

### HQ

The HQ for East Ayrshire Council is on London Road Kilmarnock

### Twin towns (Kilmarnock)

- Alès, France.
- Herstal, Belgium.
- Kulmbach, Germany.
- Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
- Sokhumi, Georgia.

### Places of interest

- Loch Doon
- Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
- Sorn Castle
- Stair House
- Dean Castle

### Secondary Education

- Auchinleck Academy
- Kilmarnock Academy
- Grange Academy
- Loudoun Academy
- Cumnock Academy
- James Hamilton Academy
- Doon Academy
- St Josephs Academy
- Stewarton Academy

## Other websites

- East Ayrshire Council
- East Ayrshire Forums - Tenants Portal (not associated with East Ayrshire Council)

## Infobox (scotland council area)

- **council**: East Ayrshire
<small>_Aest Ayrshire_</small>
<small>_Siorrachd Àir an Ear_</small>
- **image**: East Ayrshire in Scotland.svg
- **image coat**: File:Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig668.png
- **adminhq**: London Road, Kilmarnock
- **iso**: GB-EAY
- **ons**: S12000008
- **councildetails**: East Ayrshire Council
http://www.east-ayrshire.gov.uk/
- **mps**: * Alan Brown (Scottish politician), Alan Brown
* Bill Grant (politician), Bill Grant
- **msps**: * Willie Coffey
* Jeane Freeman
Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

**Digital multimedia broadcasting**, or **DMB**, is a technology that allows sending digital signals to mobile devices, such as mobile phones. This makes it possible to listen to radio or watch television on such devices.  It was developed in South Korea.

This technology was developed to replace analog radio broadcasting. It can transmit not only sound data but also DVD quality movie data.

DMB is based on Eureka 147 DAB standard which is the European standard. DMB meets the ETSI standard (TS 102 427 and TS 102 428). Now, Republic of Korea can exercise for source of the DMB technology, the satellite DMB broadcast first began in Japan than in the Republic of Korea. In the March 13, 2004, TU Media playing a leading role in business and satellite DMB insert the world's first satellite for with Japan's partner, MBCo DMB 'hanbyeol'. However, In Republic of Korea, selection process for operators was long and put off service, the MBCo in Japan became first DMB country to start the full service all 40 channels from 19 October 2004.

DMB can be received, when attach DMB receiver to the vehicle, or buy mobile phone has the ability to receive DMB, personal portable receiver or receiver which type of output to the monitor when connect personal computer. But there was a problem that the satellite DMB and earthly DMB is not compatible with each other, so user should purchased each terminal separately. However, the Samsung throw open the door to watch satellite DMB and earthly DMB one of the terminals by come out with SPH-B4100. But TU Media side,the satellite DMB service provider rejected the plan, the possibility of the activation of these two-way receiving terminal is currently unclear.

Comparing with terrestrial digital television and digital satellite broadcasting, terrestrial digital television is clear screen even though you are on the high-speed vehicles, but it is limited with range, and lack of channels is disadvantages.
Retrovirus

A **retrovirus** is any virus which copies itself as part of the cell's DNA by reverse transcribing its RNA.  Since the cell cannot proofread the step in which RNA is converted back to DNA, errors often go unnoticed.  This changes the exact sequence of a retrovirus' RNA frequently.  This makes it harder for retroviruses to be attacked by drugs.

HIV is a retrovirus, which makes it very difficult to overcome using drugs.

## Related pages

- RNA virus
- Virology

## Other websites

- Retrovirology Scientific journal
- Retroviruses at rcn.com
Hurricane Gilbert

**Hurricane Gilbert** was a very powerful tropical cyclone which caused much damage to the Caribbean, Mexico and parts of South Texas in the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season. Before Hurricane Wilma in 2005, Hurricane Gilbert was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic in terms of Barometric pressure.

This hurricane was similar to Hurricane Beulah and Hurricane Allen, but Hurricane Gilbert was unique in many ways. Gilbert killed 341 people and left $5.5 billion in damage.

## Similar storms to Hurricane Gilbert

In addition to Beulah and Allen, Hurricanes Charlie (1951), Emily during 2005 and Dean in 2007 had tracks similar to Hurricane Gilbert. Emily and Dean were Category 5 hurricanes.

## Retirement

Because Gilbert left a powerful impact, the name Gilbert was retired. The name "Gordon" was used in 1994, 2000, and 2006.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Gilbert
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1988
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Gilbert 1988-09-13 2200Z.png
- **image name**: Hurricane Gilbert near maximum intensity.
- **track**: Gilbert 1988 path.png
- **formed**: September 8, 1988
- **dissipated**: September 19, 1988
- **1-min winds**: 160
- **pressure**: 888
- **damages**: 5500
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 341 direct
- **areas**: Windward Islands, Venezuela, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, northern Mexico, Texas, South Central United States
- **hurricane season**: 1988 Atlantic hurricane season
Aberdour

**Aberdour** is a town in Fife, Scotland. It is between Dalgety Bay and Burntisland.
Kirkcaldy

**Kirkcaldy** is a large town in Fife, Scotland. It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, almost opposite Edinburgh.
Rosyth

**Rosyth** is a town in Fife, Scotland. It is between Inverkeithing and Dunfermline.

## Naval Dockyard

Rosyth is most famous for its naval dockyard. Superfast Ferries services between Rosyth and Zeebrugge (Belgium) ended in September, 2008, however they will be operated by another operator, Norfolkline, with services starting around May 2009.
Faro, Portugal

**Faro** is the capital city of Algarve, Portugal. The city has a population of 58,305 people.

## History

Politically, Faro was founded in the 10th century by Moors who remained in the region for the following five centuries, until the Christian conquest. They were responsible for many of the structures in the region, such as the main castle, but also for the many names that dotted the region's toponymy, as well as the legends and myths that developed by its peoples.

The village of Faro was taken from the Moors in 1249, during the reign of D. Afonso III, by Paio Peres Correia, Master of the Order of Santiago. The Christians gave thanks for their success to the Virgin Mary, and in an expansion of faith, Nossa Senhora da Alva (_Our Lady of the Dawn_) was named patron saint of Faro, as a result of the mythical legend of the _Conquest of the Castle_.

Faro obtained a foral (_charter_) from 12 November 1280, issued by King Denis of Portugal in Estremoz, it was the first charter issued by the king in the Algarve. On 1 June 1504, King Manuel of Portugal reformed the diplomatic map issued by King Denis, and promoted the town with the title _Nobre e Honrada_ (_Noble and Honoured_).

Following the Restoration War, in the reigns of King Afonso VI and his brother, regent (then King) Peter II, the coastal lands were infested with Barbary pirates that anchored in the coastal coves and unprotected anchorages, then attacked and pillaged the local towns. Carrapateira was erected between two beaches, where pirates could easily disembark: Praia da Bordeira (to the north) and Praia do Amado (to the south). From these beaches, Barbary pirates targeted local homes, kidnapping many and selling them into slavery in the markets of Algiers. Similarly, in Arrifana, which formed a small cove protected by strong waves and easy access to the sea. Therefore, in the 17th century, they national government  constructed the Fort of Arrifana; erected in 1635, rebuilt in 1635 and 1670, it was originally established to protect a fishing port that existed by 1516.
Homogeneity

**Homogeneity** is a word that means being similar. It is often applied to mixtures.  Mixtures that are _homogeneous_ are those where it is not possible to tell the components they are made of by looking at them. The mixture will also look the same everywhere. Pure substances are homogeneous.
Rhea (bird)

The **rheas** are flightless birds of the genus _Rhea_, native to South America. They are ratites, which means they are large flightless birds with no keel to their breastbone or sternum.

## Description

The greater or American rhea (also called the 'Nandu') is a large, flightless bird from forests of South America. This ratite is the largest bird in the Americas. It is a fast runner; and when it runs, its neck is almost horizontal to the ground. Rheas congregate in flocks of 20 to 30 birds. The lesser or Darwin's rhea, _Rhea pennata_, is mostly found in the southern part of South America.

## Diet

Rheas eat mostly plants, fruits, seeds, and nuts, but also will also eat insects and other small animals (like lizards).

## Reproduction

The female rhea lays 12-30 yellow-cream eggs in a clutch. The male digs the nest (a simple scrape in the ground), incubates the eggs (for 6 weeks), and raises the chicks. Rheas are mature at 2 years of age.

## Evolution

It was once thought that ratites were all one monophyletic group, which evolved together in Gondwana in the Upper Cretaceous. Then they evolved in their separate ways as Gondwana split up, and the parts drifted apart. The parts became the modern southern continents, plus Africa and the Indian subcontinent.

However, modern genetic analysis conflicts with this. DNA analysis shows that the ratites diverged from one another too recently to share a common Gondwanian ancestor. However, all analyses show that rheas and the living Australasian/Oceanian ratites _are_ monophyletic.
Edward Porter Alexander

**Edward Porter Alexander** (May 26, 1835 – April 28, 1910) was an engineer, an officer in the U.S. Army, a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and later a railroad executive, planter, and author.

## Other websites

- Inventory of the Edward Porter Alexander Papers, 1852-1910, in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
- Photographs of Alexander

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Edward Porter Alexander
- **image**: EdwardPAlexander.jpg
- **placeofbirth**: Washington, Georgia
- **placeofdeath**: Savannah, Georgia
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
Confederate States of America
- **branch**: Military engineer, Engineers, Artillery
- **serviceyears**: 1857–61 (USA)
1861–65 (CSA)
- **rank**: Second Lieutenant#United States, Second Lieutenant (USA)
Brigadier General (CSA)
- **battles**: American Civil War
*Peninsula Campaign
*Seven Days Battles
*Battle of Fredericksburg
*Battle of Chancellorsville
*Battle of Gettysburg
*Knoxville Campaign
*Overland Campaign
*Siege of Petersburg
- **laterwork**: Railroad executive, planter, and author
Washington, Georgia

**Washington** (originally called Heard's Fort) is a city in Wilkes County, Georgia, United States. The population was 3,754 at the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Wilkes County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Washington, Georgia
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Robert Toombs State Historic Site.jpg
- **image caption**: The Robert Toombs House State Historic Site, also a National Historic Landmark
- **image map**: Wilkes_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Washington_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Wilkes County, Georgia, Wilkes County and the state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin label**: Washington
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Washington in the US
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state), County
- **subdivision name2**: Wilkes County, Georgia, Wilkes
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1774
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1804
- **founder**: Stephen Heard
- **named for**: George Washington
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 20.08
- **area land km2**: 19.94
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **area total sq mi**: 7.75
- **area land sq mi**: 7.70
- **area water sq mi**: 0.05
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3754
- **population density km2**: 188.29
- **population density sq mi**: 487.66
- **population demonym**: Washingtonian
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 185
- **elevation ft**: 607
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 30673
- **area code**: Area codes 706 and 762, 706/762
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 13-80704
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0356620
Bill Henson

**Bill Henson** (born 7 October 1955) is an Australian art photographer. Bill Henson's works provoked a controversy; at one of his exhibitions, police found images of nude teenagers. Police first wanted to charge Henson for child pornography, but then did not. Instead, the exhibition was rated "parental guidance". This means that people under 16 should be accompanied by their parents.
Kempen, Germany

**Kempen** is a town in Germany. It is about  northwest of Düsseldorf, and  east of Venlo. It was once a center of textile making, silk, cotton, and linen.
Kempen can also refer to a different town that used to be part of Germany but in 1920 was given to Poland and now has a Polish name.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Kempen
- **image photo**: Kempen, Alte Schulstr.JPG
- **image caption**: Old School Street
- **image coa**: DEU Kempen COA.svg
- **image flag**: Banner Kempen.svg
- **image plan**: Kempen in VIE.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Düsseldorf
- **district**: Viersen
- **elevation**: 30 - 68
- **area**: 68.79
- **population**: 36175
- **stand**: 2009-06-30
- **postal code**: 47906
- **area code**: 0 21 52 / 02845
- **licence**: VIE / KK
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 1 66 012
- **divisions**: 4
- **mayor**: Volker Rübo
- **party**: CDU
Stud poker

**Stud poker** is a variation of poker where players are typically dealt a total of five or seven cards, with the best five card poker hand winning (in situations where more than one player has the same poker hand, like a flush or straight, the winning hand is determined by whichever player has the highest one).

Stud poker has neither community cards nor blinds. Instead, each player at the table must ante first, and then is dealt two cards face down (hole cards) and one card face up. In typical stud games, the player with the lowest card showing must pay the ‘bring in,’ an amount relative to the limits, which starts off the action.

The bring in is typically a fraction of the limits, (for example, the bring in for a $1/2 stud game may be $.25), with play then continuing clockwise around the table, where players have the choice of folding, calling the bring in, or making the bet ‘complete’ (in our example, completing the bet to $1).  Once a bring in has been completed, it can be raised by a subsequent player, doubling the amount to twice the completed bet.

Each player remaining in the hand is then dealt another card face up, with the betting beginning with the player showing the highest two cards and proceeding clockwise around the table.  Again, players can fold, call, or raise the bet.  In a five card stud game, players are dealt two hole cards facedown, then two cards face up, with the fifth card being dealt facedown.  In a seven card stud game, players are dealt two hole cards facedown, then four cards face up, with the seventh card being dealt facedown.

Betting takes place between each dealt card and generally becomes a higher amount after the fourth card dealt.  Each round of betting is typically referred to by the number of cards a player has in front of them.  After the initial deal, players are considered to be betting on ‘third street’, represented by having three cards in front of them.  After the fourth card is dealt, players would then be on ‘fourth street’, and so on.  Stud poker is generally played as a limit game.

## General variations

- Five Card stud
- Seven card stud

## References

- Stud Poker Variations
- Seven Card Stud Rules
Gundagai

**Gundagai** is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is a small town, but authors often write about Gundagai. It is seen to be the typical Australian country town. It is built on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River. It is near the Muniong and Yambla Mountain ranges. Gundagai is 390 km south-west of Sydney. Gundagai is part of the  Gundagai Shire Council Local Government Area.  In 2006 there were 1,998 people living in Gundagai.

The bushranger, Captain Moonlight, is buried in the Gundagai Cemetery.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Gundagai
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: GundagaiJuly2005.jpg
- **caption**: The town and the Murrumbidgee floodplain in July 2005.  The Hume Highway can be seen in the middle distance.
- **lga**: Cootamundra-Gundagai Regional Council
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in New South Wales
- **postcode**: 2722
- **pop**: 1926
- **est**: 1838
- **elevation**: 232
- **maxtemp**: 22.4
- **mintemp**: 8.6
- **rainfall**: 713.6
- **county**: Clarendon County, New South Wales, Clarendon
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Cootamundra, Cootamundra
- **fedgov**: Division of Riverina, Riverina
- **dist1**: 390
- **location1**: Sydney
- **dist2**: 95
- **location2**: Canberra
Mink

**Minks** are small, short-legged members of the Mustelid family. The mink is an aggressive mammal that is adapted to a semi-aquatic life. Mink live in swamps, rivers, marshes, lakes and streams in North America, Europe, and the far west of Asia. Mink have a life span of about 8 to 10 years. The common name 'mink' includes animals in two different genera on two different continents.

## Diet

Minks are carnivores (meat-eaters). They eat small mammals (like mice, rats and muskrats), frogs, crayfish, fish, insects, eggs, and ducks.

## Predators

Owls, wolves, coyotes, and bobcats prey on the mink.

## Reproduction

The breeding season is April to May. It takes 45 to 52 days after mating for birth to take place. A mink litter normally has 6 to 10 cubs (kittens).
MTV Unplugged in New York

***MTV Unplugged in New York*** is a live album by the American rock band Nirvana. It was recorded on November 18, 1993 as a part of the _MTV Unplugged_ television series, which many artists and bands perform on with acoustic instruments instead of electric ones. It was released on November 1, 1994, six months after the band had broken up because of the death of Kurt Cobain, who was the lead singer and guitarist.

It was unusual compared to other artists on the _MTV Unplugged_ series, because Nirvana played mostly their less-famous songs and cover versions of other artists' songs. Most artists on the program played mainly their hits.

Four singles were released from the album. This was unusual because it was a live album. The singles were "About a Girl", "The Man Who Sold the World", "Where Did You Sleep Last Night", and "Lake of Fire". All of these except for "About a Girl" were covers.

## List of songs

1. "About a Girl"
1. "Come as You Are"
1. "Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam" <small>(The Vaselines cover)</small>
1. "The Man Who Sold the World" <small>(David Bowie cover)</small>
1. "Pennyroyal Tea"
1. "Dumb"
1. "Polly"
1. "On a Plain"
1. "Something in the Way"
1. "Plateau" <small>(Meat Puppets cover)</small>
1. "Oh Me" <small>(Meat Puppets cover)</small>
1. "Lake of Fire" <small>(Meat Puppets cover)</small>
1. "All Apologies"
1. "Where Did You Sleep Last Night" <small>(traditional; Lead Belly version cover)</small>

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: MTV Unplugged in New York
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Nirvana (band), Nirvana
- **released**: November 1, 1994
- **recorded**: November 18, 1993
- **venue**: Sony Music Studios, New York
- **length**: 53:50
- **label**: DGC Records, DGC
- **prev title**: In Utero (album), In Utero
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Singles (Nirvana album), Singles
- **next year**: 1995
Salicaceae

***Salicaceae*** is a family of flowering plants. Each plant has either staminate or pistillate catkins. The flowers have no petals or sepals. Each has a small scale-like bract below it. These developing catkins on willows form the well-known "pussy-willow" branches.

Except for two species of _Populas_ (Cottonwood), all the members of _Salicaceae_ in the Bay Area are of the genera _Salix_ (Willows).
Krist Novoselic

**Krist Anthony Novoselic** (born May 16, 1965) is a Croatian-American rock musician. He is most famous for being the bass player for the grunge band Nirvana with Kurt Cobain and Dave Grohl. When Cobain died in 1994, Nirvana broke up. Grohl moved on to form the band Foo Fighters, and Novoselic has been mostly involved in politics. He was also the bassist for the American punk band Flipper between 2006 and 2009. Novoselic was born in Compton, California. He was raised in San Pedro, Los Angeles.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Krist Novoselic
- **height**: 6 ft 8.5 in
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Krist Anthony Novoselic
- **birth place**: Compton, California, U.S.
- **image**: KristNovoselic2011.jpg
- **occupation**: Musician, politics, politician, author, movie director
- **instrument**: Bass guitar, guitar, Singing, vocals
The Hush Sound

**The Hush Sound** is an indie rock band originally known as _The Hush_. They changed their name when they found out that there was a rapper called "The Hush."

The Hush Sound has released three albums. Their first album, _So Sudden_, was released in 2005. Their second album was released in 2006, titled _Like Vines_. _Goodbye Blues_, their third and latest album, and was recorded in released in March 2008.

The Hush Sound is currently on a break.

## Foundation

By the start of 2005, the band had formed properly with all its members. They had decided that piano and drums were not enough and looked for bass and guitar.

Pete Wentz from Fall Out Boy came across the band's music and liked what he heard. He expressed interest in signing them onto his record label.

## Touring

The Hush Sound had their first major tour in 2006. It was called **Black Clouds and Underdogs**. Other bands included Fall Out Boy and Hawthorne Heights.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Official MySpace
- Official LiveJournal
- 2006 Euphonia Online interview with The Hush Sound

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Hush Sound
- **image**: The Hush Sound west.jpg
- **caption**: The Hush Sound performing on August 5, 2008.
- **image size**: 275
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: DuPage County, Illinois, United States
- **genre**: Indie pop, alternative rock, indie rock, jangle pop
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **label**: Decaydance/Fueled by Ramen
- **associated acts**: Gold Motel, Robert (Bob) Morris, Stamps, Debate Team (band), Debate Team, Until Sundown, Patrick Stump, Fall Out Boy, Panic! at the Disco, Phantom Planet
- **website**: [http://www.thehushsound.com www.thehushsound.com]
- **current members**: Robert (Bob) Morris, Bob Morris
Darren Wilson (musician), Darren Wilson
Greta Salpeter
Mike Leblanc
- **past members**: Chris Faller
Piggy bank

A **piggy bank** is used to collect coins. It is shaped like pig and comes in various colors and sizes. It is often used by parents to teach their children how to save money. It is not certain about why it is a called piggy bank and how it was started.

Some people say that "piggy" was "pygg" at first. Pygg is a clay that was used to make a bowl or vase to store salt or money.
Doenjang

**Doenjang** is a Korean soybean paste. It is salty and savory, and is used to season many kinds of Korean food. It is similar to Miso, Japanese soybean paste.

## History

The history of Doenjang begins before the period of three kingdoms. Books from the Chosun dynasty explain the way to make good Doenjang, saying that if doenjang in a house tastes bad, food in the house tastes bad. This means doenjang has been an important food in Korea for a long time.

## Manufacture

The main ingredients of Doenjang are sea water and _Meju_. The basic way to make Doenjang is to take Mejus and put them into big jars with sea water. Bad bacteria and odor are removed by adding charcoal and sun-dried chili peppers. Liquid is then taken out to make Korean soy sauce. This sauce takes about 20 to 30 days to make. The Mejus are taken out from the jar and tempered. Salt and soy sauce is added on this paste and the paste is put in jars again. After sun-drying for several days, it becomes Doenjang.

## Variety

There are several kinds of Doenjang; Chungukjang, Makjang, Dambukjang, BbamjangBbagaejang, Patjang, Jipjang, Garoojang, and Borijang. Each is made in different ways using different ingredients or at different times of the year. For example, Chungukjang is made within two to three days, whereas the other take longer time to make. Patjang uses red bean. Makjang is made in spring.
Moreover there are several attempts to improve doenjang using additional ngredients, such as green tea.

## Use

Many traditional Korean foods, which are well known as healthy food, uses Doenjang as their ingredients. Doenjang Jjigae and Chungukjang JJigae are examples of this.
Also, Korean have doenjang when they eat Ssambop, Samgyupsal, etc.

## Health

According to recent research, Doenjang has several materials that prevent cancer. Doenjang is very nutritious. Since Doenjang is a fermented food like yogurt and cheese, it is said that the older it is, the better it is.

## References

- KM.Hwang _et al._, _Doenjang Extract Has Anticancer Activity and Induces Apoptosis in AGS Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma_, Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Vol.10 No.2, 2005. June
- Cancer Weekly, _Doenjang's active compounds are genistein and linoleic acid_, published on 2003. May
Ioannina

**Ioannina ** is a Greek town in the northwest of Greece, in Ipiros district. Ioannina is the capital of Ioannina prefecture and Ipiros periphery. 67,384 people live there. Ioannina is built on the bank of Pamvotida lake. Around Ioannina there are many tall mountains. Beside the town is Mitsikeli mountain. In the east of Ioannina is the Pindos range.

## Ioannina's lake

Ioannina is built next to the lake which is named Pamvotida or Ioannina's lake. Ioannina has a small port on the lake which connects Ioannina with the island of the lake. The island of the lake is a small island with very importants monuments and buildings. These buildings have been built during Ottoman period and Byzantine period.

## Sites of interest

Ioannina has many places of interest. The most interesting place is the castle beside the lake. Many old churches are also very interesting places. There are many interesting sites on the lake's island about which we mentioned above.
Lamia

**Lamia** is a Greek city in the center of Greece. According to the 2001 census, 50,551 people lived there. Lamia is built at the foot of the hill on the top of which there is a castle. During the Middle Ages Lamia was named Zitouni but today is named with its ancient name, Lamia. Around Lamia there is a big plain, so Lamia is an agricultural city. At the side of plain there are many tall mountains. They are named Timphristos, Oiti and Othris.
Punjab Hill States agency

The **Punjab Hill States Agency** was an administrative unit of British India. The agency was created in 1936, and was made up a number of princely states in the present-day Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

In 1901 the Punjab States Agency was created, in 1936 the hilly parts of this became the Punjab Hill States Agency. The states came under British rule after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16, and were known as the **Simla Hill States**. They later became part of the British province of Punjab, apart from Tehri-Garhwal, which was part of the United Provinces.

After Indian Independence in 1947, the states acceded to the Government of India, most of the states became the new state of Himachal Pradesh, with Tehri-Garhwal becoming part of Uttar Pradesh. In 2000, the northern portion of Uttar Pradesh, including the former state of Tehri-Garhwal, became the new Indian state of Uttarakhand.
Patiala and East Punjab States Union

The **Patiala and East Punjab States Union** (PEPSU) was a former state of India. It was created out of the merger of several Punjabi princely states on 15 July 1948, formally becoming a state of India in 1950. The capital and principal city was Patiala, and the last Maharaja of Patiala, Yadvindra Singh, served as Governor of the state during its short existence. The Governor was appointed by the President of India, but the people of the state also elected a 60-member state assembly, first elected on 6 January 1952. The Congress Party won 26 seats and the Akali Dal 19 seats.

On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged into modern-day Punjab state. Part of the former state of PEPSU, including the southeastern portion of the state around Jind and the Narnaul enclave, presently lie within the state of Haryana, which was separated from Punjab on 1 November 1966.
Multan

**Multan** is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the capital of the Multan District. Called the "City of the Saints", the history of the city goes back more than 5,000 years.

## Entertainment

The best film production company launched in the history of Multan.

• Ushna Films, Multan

• ZKF Zeshan Khan Films

• Zeshan Khan Actor Prepare

Prestigious Acting School in Multan.

## Etymology

Multan is **Moolastan** which means the Place of origin (Moolam is source or origin).

## History

The old city of Multan is a Walled city which is built on an ancient mound. Archaeologists believe the mound is made up of earlier cities going back to the Bronze Age. There were six gates into the old city but these have been destroyed over time. Three gates were rebuilt by the British when they governed the country. Inside the wall is a circular road, called the _alang_. The old city has narrow and winding streets, with houses crowded close together.

## Political importance

Multan is the main center of the South Punjab, Seraiki speaking region. The people here think their language is separate from the majority Punjabi language of Punjab and want to create a separate province of their own, called Seraikistan.This city has some important political figures. Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani,a former Prime Minister of Pakistan belongs to Multan. Another well-known politician from here is Shah Mehmood Qureshi.

## Famous Places in Multan

- Ghanta Ghar
- Lohari Gate
- Haram Gate
- The old Qasim Bagh
- Shrine of Sufi saint Shah Rukn-i-Alam
- Shrine of Sufi saint Bahauddin Zakriya
- Shrine of Sufi saint Shamsuddin Sabzwari
- Shrine of Sufi saint Sakhi Ali Akbar
- Lahore Road
- The Van Agnews Monument dating from British Raj times.

## Neighbour cities and towns

- Khanewal
- Vihari
- Bahawalpur
- Muzaffargarh
- Rahim Yar Khan
- Lodhran
- Shujabad
River Tay

**River Tay** is a river in Scotland. It starts in Loch Tay, and opens up into the North Sea at the Firth of Tay. It discharges more water than the Thames and the Severn put together.

It is the longest river in Scotland and the sixth longest in the United Kingdom. It starts in the Scottish Highlands, and moves east until it goes through Perth. Its mouth is wide, and is called the Firth of Tay on the east coast. Dundee is on the north bank of the Firth.

The Tay's very wide mouth is spanned by a long rail bridge, the replacement for the one which fell in the Tay Bridge disaster. The Tay Road Bridge was opened in 1966.
Morina

***Morina*** is a genus of the Dipsacaceae family.

## Species

- _Morina longifolia_
Jointer plane

A **Jointing plane** is used to sharpen the edges of boards so they will fit together.It has a 2-3/8" wide blade and is 18-24" long and hand used.There is also a shorter version of the jointer plane known as the fore plane which is around 18 inches (457mm) long.
Hurricane Gordon (1994)

**Hurricane Gordon** was a very damaging tropical storm for the Caribbean, Florida and parts of North Carolina. The storm was very slow moving on its path over the Caribbean. This storm killed over 1100 people (estimates are between 500-2300 people dead through Haiti and the central Caribbean islands, including Jamaica and Cuba). The storm's strange motion was making Hurricane Gordon hard to forecast where it would actually go and where it would reach land. Hurricane Gordon was the last storm of the inactive 1994 Season and the second most costly of the 1994 season, even though the storm was a hurricane for only a few hours.

## Storm History

On November 8 a tropical wave near Costa Rica became Tropical Depression Twelve. On November 10th in made landfall near Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua. The same day it became Tropical Storm Gordon after moving back into the Caribbean. It made its first landfall near Kingston, Jamaica on November 13 it soon made its second landfall in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba on the same day. The storm brushed the northern coast of Cuba and the southern islands of the Bahamas. It made its third landfall in Key West, Florida on November 15. Gordon turned northeast and made it fourth landfall in Fort Myers, Florida the next day. When Gordon crossed Florida it took about nine hours and it went into the Atlantic Ocean on a northeastward track. Gordon stayed on that track until November 17, when it became Hurricane Gordon while it was about 245 miles southeast of Cape Fear, North Carolina. Shortly after becoming a hurricane it reached top winds of 85 mph and then brushed the coast of North Carolina. Gordon weakened back to a tropical storm and started on a U-shaped track. Gordon weakened further into a tropical depression and on November 19 it made its fifth and last landfall near Vero Beach, Florida and on November 21 Gordon died out while over South Carolina.

### Haiti

The damage in Haiti is unknown. But in Haiti, Hurricane Gordon killed about 1,122 people. The number is high likely because of mudslides and because of the deforestation (removing trees) of the forests in Haiti.

### Florida

Florida was where most of the damage was. Damage in Florida was at about $400 million. Gordon also crossed the state three times, which is likely why the damage is that high.

## No retirement

In the spring of 1995 Gordon was not retired even though it caused lots of deaths in Haiti. Since Gordon was not retired in 1994, the name Gordon was used again in 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018. The name will next be used in 2024.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Gordon
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1994
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Gordon 1994 nov 18 1308Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Gordon near fullest power
- **formed**: November 9, 1994
- **dissipated**: November 21, 1994
- **1-min winds**: 75
- **pressure**: 980
- **damages**: 514
- **inflated**: 0
- **fatalities**: 1,147 direct
- **areas**: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina
- **hurricane season**: 1994 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane Diana (1984)

**Hurricane Diana** was a Category 4 tropical cyclone that hit the United States east coast in 1984. Diana was a very unusual storm. forecasters had many problems saying when and where it would strike.

In September of the 1984 Atlantic hurricane season, Diana became an intense tropical cyclone. She had highest winds of  during its peak. The storm made landfall in southeast North Carolina with winds between 88 to 100 mph. The storm itself did not kill anyone,  although three deaths were caused by it. Hurricane Diana was the first major hurricane in eastern North Carolina in almost three decades. Although it was a Category 4 hurricane it caused only $65 million in damage.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Diana
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1984
- **basin**: Atl
- **caption**: Diana on 11 September 1984
- **track**: Diana 1984-09-11 2000Z.png
- **formed**: September 8, 1984
- **dissipated**: September 16, 1984
- **1-min winds**: 116
- **pressure**: 949
- **damages**: 65.5
- **inflated**: 0
- **fatalities**: 3 indirect
- **areas**: South Carolina, North Carolina
- **hurricane season**: 1984 Atlantic hurricane season
Abbie Hoffman

**Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman** (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was an American social and political activist.

He was one of the "Chicago Eight" along with Luke Stockdale, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, Lee Weiner, and Bobby Seale, who were arrested for demonstrating at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

At the Woodstock Festival in 1969, Hoffman ran onstage to interrupt The Who's performance. He tried to speak against the jailing of John Sinclair of the White Panther Party. Pete Townshend was adjusting his amplifier between songs and turned around to see Hoffman. Townshend cursed at Hoffman and tried to knock him off the stage.

He was arrested after a conviction for selling cocaine. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1980. He committed suicide by an overdose of phenobarbital and alcohol in April of 1989.

Hoffman was raised in the Jewish faith in Worcester, Massachusetts, but later identified as an atheist.

## Portrayal in media

Hoffman's life was dramatized in the 2000 movie _Steal This Movie_. Vincent D'Onofrio acted his part.

In the 1987 HBO television movie _Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8_, Michael Lembeck acted the part of Hoffman.

Richard D'Alessandro played the part of Hoffman in the 1994 movie _Forrest Gump_. He is seen speaking against "the war in Vietnam" at a protest rally at the Lincoln Memorial.

Hank Azaria's voice is heard as the animated Hoffman in the movie "Chicago 10".

Sacha Baron Cohen played Hoffman in Aaron Sorkin's movie _The Trial of the Chicago Seven_.

## Other websites

- List of Abbie Hoffman items in _The Realist_
- The Yippies are Going to Chicago!, _The Realist_ No. 82, August 1968
- The Trial of Abbie Hoffman's Shirt, _The Realist_ No. 84, November 1968
- Advertisement for _Steal This Book_,_The Realist_ No. 89, March 1971
- Love It or Diaper It, birth Announcement for America Hoffman, _The Realist_ No. 90, May 1971

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abbie Hoffman
- **image**: Abbie Hoffman visiting the University of Oklahoma circa 1969.jpg
- **caption**: visiting the University of Oklahoma circa 1969
- **birth place**: Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
- **death place**: New Hope, Pennsylvania, United States
- **occupation**: Social and political activist, writer
- **other names**: Free, Barry Freed
Todd Grisham

**Todd Grisham** (born January 9, 1976) is an American sports reporter. He works for DAZN and Glory kickboxing.  Until the end of 2016, he worked for ESPN.  He was the in-studio host for _Friday Night Fights_ and a _SportsCenter_ anchor. Grishem was a sports reporter for UFC from 2017 to 2020.

Before starting to work for ESPN in 2011, Grisham worked as a professional wrestling commentator for WWE. As of January 2017, Grisham is working for the UFC as a broadcaster.

## Other websites

- Todd at Online World of Wrestling

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Todd Grisham
- **image**: ToddGrisham in action (cropped).png
- **caption**: Grisham in 2018
- **names**: Todd Grisham
- **height**: 6'3
- **birth place**: Hattiesburg, Mississippi, U.S.
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3
- **debut**: 2004
- **retired**: 2011
Elijah Burke

**Elijah Samuel Burke** (born May 24, 1981) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment on its SmackDown and ECW brands under his real name and for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name **"The Pope" D'Angelo Dinero**. He currently works as **"Da Pope" Elijah Burke** for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), where he is a former World Television Champion.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **All Caribbean Wrestling**
    - ACW Heavyweight Champion (1 time current)
- **Atomic Legacy Wrestling**
    - ALW Next Level Championship (1 time)
    - ALW Rapid Fire Championship (1 time)
- **Baltimore Championship Wrestling**
    - BCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Combat Revolution Wrestling**
    - CRW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jeremy Prophet
- **Fighting Evolution Wrestling**
    - FEW North Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - FEW International Championship (1 time)
    - FEW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with JB Cool
- **National Wrestling Alliance**
    - NWA World Television Championship (1 time)
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - OVW Television Championship (1 time)
    - OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Private Anthony (1) and Big Jon (1)
    - Sixteenth OVW Triple Crown Champion
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (2010)
    - PWI ranked him No. 36 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010
- **Total Nonstop Action Wrestling**
    - 8 Card Stud Tournament (2010)

## Other websites

- D'Angelo Dinero's TNA profile

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Elijah Burke
- **image**: JoshElijah (Cropped).jpg
- **birthname**: Elijah Samuel Burke
- **names**: D'Angelo Dinero
**The Pope**
**Elijah Burke**
General Pope
 Da Pope
- **birth place**: Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
- **billed**: Big Bear Lake, California, Big Bear, California
**Jacksonville, Florida**
"The Streets of Harlem, New York (state), New York"
- **trainer**: Ohio Valley Wrestling
- **debut**: 2003
NFL Draft

The **NFL Draft** is a sports draft held every year in April. In the draft National Football League (NFL) teams select new players to be added to their team's roster. These new players usually are those ending their time playing football in college.

## Other websites

- Official NFL Draft Site
- Official NFL Draft History (1936-Present)
Alan Shepard

**Alan Shepard** (November 18, 1923 - July 21, 1998) was an American astronaut. He was the first American to travel into space. He was born in East Derry, New Hampshire. He received a Bachelor of Science at Naval Academy in 1944, graduated at Naval Testpilot School in 1951 and he earned a Master of Arts at the Naval War College in 1957.

On May 5, 1961, Shepard flew into suborbital space in the Mercury spacecraft. This was powered by a Redstone rocket.

He made another space flight as spacecraft commander (person in charge) of Apollo 14. This was the third trip to land astronauts on the moon. The trip lasted from January 31 - February 9, 1971. At the age of 47, he was the oldest person to ever walk on the Moon.

## Personal life

In April 5, 1945, Shepard married with Louise. They also had three children.

Shepard suffered with leukemia in 1996 and died on July 21, 1998 in Pebble Beach, California. His wife died from a heart attack on August 25, 1998.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **child**: yes
- **type**: NASA astronaut
- **rank**:  Rear admiral (United States), Rear Admiral, United States Navy, USN
- **eva1**: 2
- **eva2**: 9 hours 23 minutes
- **time**: 9 days 57 minutes
- **mission**: Mercury-Redstone 3, MR-3, Apollo 14
- **insignia**:
- **date of ret**: August 1, 1974


## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Alan-shepard.jpg
- **alt**: Shepard sits at a table wearing a dark suit and holding a microphone. He is wearing his Naval Academy class ring, and an astronaut pin on his lapel. In the background is an german flag.
- **birth name**: Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr.
- **birth place**: Derry, New Hampshire, U.S.
- **death place**: Pebble Beach, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Leukemia
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **mother**: Pauline Emerson
- **father**: Alan Shepard Sr.
Julia Somerville

**Julia Mary Fownes Somerville** (born July 14, 1947) is a reporter. She has worked for BBC News and ITN. She studied English at Sussex University.

Somerville has been interested in art. In 2001, she was one of the people who selected the National Portrait Gallery's BP Portrait of the Year. She has also served as a judge for several years on the RIBA Annual Architecture Award Panels. On 18 September 2003, Somerville was appointed Chair of the Advisory Committee of the Government Art Collection.

Somerville has married three times: to Stephen Band (1970 - 1975, no children), Ray Gowdridge ( 1984 - 1992, two children). She currently lives in North London with her third husband, the architect Sir Jeremy Dixon. Somerville and Dixon were interviewed by police in 1996. The chemist that developed their film had raised suspicion, because their family photographs included images of their seven-year-old daughter in the bath. No caution or charges followed the investigation.
Baldia Town

**Baldia Town** is the largest town of Karachi, Pakistan. It is bordered by SITE Town and Orangi to the east.  It is bordered by Kiamari Town to the north and west. 97% of the people are Muslim.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Baldia
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Baldia Town Karachi.PNG
- **map caption**: Union Councils of Baldia Town
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Sindh
- **subdivision type2**: City District
- **subdivision name2**: Karachi
- **parts type**: Union Councils
- **parts style**: list, coll
- **parts**: 8
- **p1**: Ittehad Town
Gulshan-e-Ghazi
Islamnagar (Karachi), Islam Nagar
Muhajir Camp
Muslim Mujahid Colony
Nai Abadi
Rasheedabad
 Saeedabad, Karachi, Saeedabad
- **government type**: Town Council
- **leader title**: Town Nazim
- **leader name**: Kamran Akhtar
- **leader title1**: Naib Nazim
- **leader name1**: Zahid Mehmood
- **leader title2**: Municipal Officer
- **leader name2**: Ghulam Shabbir
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 14 August 2001
- **population as of**: 1998
- **population total**: 406165