juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Iranian reformists

The **Reformists** () are a political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main organization and coalition within the movement. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 election.

Islamic leftists turned reformists include Abdolkarim Soroush, Saeed Hajjarian, Akbar Ganji, Ali Akbar Mohtashami-Pur, Ebrahim Asgharzadeh, Mohsen Mirdamadi, Mir-Hossein Mousavi, and the Anjoman-e-Eslami (Islamic Association) and Office for Strengthening Unity student groups.

## Infobox (infobox)

- **decat**: yes
- **child**: yes
- **header1**: Executive branch
- **label2**: President of Iran, President
- **label3**: Cabinet of Iran, Ministers
- **label4**: Vice President of Iran, Vice Presidents
- **header5**: Parliament of Iran, Parliament
- **label6**: List of Speakers of the Parliament of Iran, Speaker
- **label7**: Seats
- **header8**: Iranian Judiciary, Judicial branch
- **label9**: Chief Justice of Iran, Chief Justice
- **label10**: Status
- **header11**: Oversight bodies
- **label12**: Assembly of Experts
- **label13**: Guardian Council
- **label14**: Expediency Discernment Council, Expediency Council
- **header15**: City and Village Councils of Iran, City Councils
- **label16**: City Council of Tehran, Tehran
- **label17**: City Council of Mashhad, Mashhad
- **label18**: City Council of Isfahan, Isfahan
- **label19**: Karaj
- **label20**: Qom
- **label21**: City Council of Shiraz, Shiraz
- **label22**: City Council of Tabriz, Tabriz
- **label23**: Yazd
- **label24**: Zahedan
- **label25**: Rasht


## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Reformists
- **colorcode**: #48D1CC
- **leader1 title**: Spiritual leader
- **leader1 name**: Mohammad Khatami
- **leader2 name**: -
- **ideology**: Reformism
Republicanism
Islamic democracy#Shia viewpoint, Islamic democracy
Liberal movements within Islam, Islamic liberalism
- **position**: Centrism, Centre
- **religion**: Shia Islam
- **wing1 title**: Parliamentary wing
- **wing1**: Hope fraction
Imam's line fraction
2nd of Khordad fraction
Hezbollah Assembly
- **country**: Iran
Iranian principlists

The **Principlists** (, ), also known as the **Iranian Conservatives** and formerly known as the **Right** or **Right-wing**, are one of two main political factions in post-revolutionary Iran; the other being the Reformists.

The term _hardliners_ that some western sources use to describe Iranian politicians, usually refer to this faction.

Within Iranian politics, "principlist" means the conservative supporters of the Supreme Leader of Iran and supports protecting the "principles" of the Islamic Revolution's early days.

## Infobox (infobox)

- **decat**: yes
- **child**: yes
- **header1**: Executive branch
- **label2**: President of Iran, President
- **label3**: Cabinet of Iran, Ministers
- **label4**: Vice President of Iran, Vice Presidents
- **header5**: Parliament of Iran, Parliament
- **label6**: List of Speakers of the Parliament of Iran, Speaker
- **label7**: Seats
- **header8**: Iranian Judiciary, Judicial branch
- **label9**: Chief Justice of Iran, Chief Justice
- **label10**: Status
- **header11**: Oversight bodies
- **label12**: Assembly of Experts
- **label13**: Guardian Council
- **label14**: Expediency Discernment Council, Expediency Council
- **header15**: City and Village Councils of Iran, City Councils
- **label16**: Islamic City Council of Tehran, Tehran
- **label17**: Islamic City Council of Mashhad, Mashhad
- **label18**: Islamic City Council of Isfahan, Isfahan
- **label19**: Islamic City Council of Shiraz, Shiraz
- **label20**: Islamic City Council of Qom, Qom
- **label21**: Islamic City Council of Shiraz, Shiraz
- **label22**: Islamic City Council of Tabriz, Tabriz
- **label23**: Islamic City Council of Yazd, Yazd
- **label24**: Islamic City Council of Rasht, Rasht


## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Principlists
- **colorcode**: #0077B6
- **leader1 title**: Spiritual leader
- **leader1 name**: Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
- **leader2 title**: Parliamentary leader
- **leader2 name**: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
- **ideology**: Islamism
Political Islam
Theocracy
_Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Vilayat Faqih_

**Factions**:
Traditionalist conservatism, Traditionalism
Right-wing populism, Populism
Realpolitik, Pragmatism
Islamic Fundamentalism, Fundamentalism
Iranian nationalism, Nationalism
- **position**: Right-wing
- **religion**: Shia Islam
- **country**: Iran
You Bring Me Joy (Mary J. Blige song)

"**You Bring Me Joy**" is a 1995 song by Mary J. Blige and is the fourth single from her second studio album _My Life_. It went to number 57 in the United States and made the top five on the United Kingdom club chart.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: You Bring Me Joy
- **caption**: Artwork used for US commercial cassette releases
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Mary J. Blige
- **album**: My Life (Mary J. Blige album), My Life
- **length**: 4:36
- **label**: *Uptown Records, Uptown
*MCA Records, MCA
- **writer**: *Mary J. Blige
*Sean Combs, Sean "Puffy" Combs
*K-Ci & JoJo, Joel "Jo-Jo" Hailey
*Chucky Thompson
*Ekundayo Paris
*Nelson Pigford
- **producer**: *Combs <small>(music)</small>
*Thompson <small>(music)</small>
*Hailey <small>(vocals)</small>
- **prev title**: Mary Jane (All Night Long)
- **prev year**: 1995
- **next title**: I Love You (Mary J. Blige song), I Love You
- **next year**: 1995
Lindsey German

**Lindsey Ann German** (born 1951) is a British left-wing political activist. She is a founding member of the British anti-war organisation Stop the War Coalition. She was formerly a member of the Socialist Workers Party.

German ran twice as a left-wing candidate for Mayor of London.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Lindsey Ann German
- **nationality**: British
- **image**: Lindsey German.jpg
- **caption**: German in 2009
- **office**: Convenor of the Stop the War Coalition
- **1namedata**: Jeremy Corbyn
Andrew Murray (trade unionist), Andrew Murray
Murad Qureshi
- **term start**: 21 September 2001
- **predecessor**: Stop the War Coalition#Formation, _Office established_
- **office1**: Vice President of the Stop the War Coalition
- **president1**: Tony Benn
- **1namedata1**: Andrew Murray (trade unionist), Andrew Murray
Jeremy Corbyn
- **term start1**: 21 September 2001
- **term end1**: 14 March 2014
- **predecessor1**: Stop the War Coalition#Formation, _Office established_
- **successor1**: _Vacant_
- **party**: Socialist Workers Party (UK), Socialist Workers Party (before 2010)
Chris Nineham

**Christopher Mark Nineham** (born June 1962) is a British political activist. He is a founder member of the Stop the War Coalition. He is the National Officer and Deputy Chair of the Stop the War Coalition in the UK. He has worked with Jeremy Corbyn within the organization from 2011 to 2015. He played an important role in creating the 15 February 2003 anti-war protest against the invasion of Iraq.
Anas Sarwar

**Anas Sarwar** (born 14 March 1983) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who has been the Leader of the Scottish Labour Party since 2021. He has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region since 2016, having been Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Central from 2010 to 2015.

At the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the Labour won with a landslide victory, winning 411 seats across the United Kingdom, with Scottish Labour winning 37 of the 57 Scottish seats in what was also seen as a landslide.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office**: Member of the Scottish Parliament
for Glasgow (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Glasgow

- **term start**: 5 May 2016
- **office1**: Member of Parliament (UK), Member of Parliament
for Glasgow Central (UK Parliament constituency), Glasgow Central
- **term start1**: 6 May 2010
- **term end1**: 30 March 2015
- **predecessor1**: Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar, Mohammad Sarwar
- **successor1**: Alison Thewliss


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anas Sarwar
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of the Scottish Parliament, MSP
- **image**: Anas Sarwar MSP.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2017
- **office**: Leader of the Scottish Labour Party
- **term start**: 27 February 2021
- **1blankname**: Leader of the Labour Party (UK), UK party leader
- **1namedata**: Keir Starmer
- **deputy**: Jackie Baillie
- **predecessor**: Richard Leonard
- **termlabel1**: 2014 Scottish Labour leadership election, Acting
- **1blankname1**: Leader of the Labour Party (UK), UK party leader
- **1namedata1**: Ed Miliband
- **term start1**: 24 October 2014
- **term end1**: 13 December 2014
- **predecessor1**: Johann Lamont
- **successor1**: Jim Murphy
- **office2**: Deputy Leader of the Scottish Labour Party
- **leader2**: Johann Lamont
- **term start2**: 17 December 2011
- **term end2**: 13 December 2014
- **predecessor2**: Johann Lamont
- **successor2**: Kezia Dugdale
- **office3**: Department for International Development, Shadow Minister for International Development
- **leader3**: Ed Miliband
- **term start3**: 5 November 2014
- **term end3**: 8 May 2015
- **predecessor3**: Alison McGovern
- **successor3**: Mike Kane
- **office4**: Scottish Labour portfolios
- **suboffice4**: Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport, Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport
- **subterm4**: 2016–2018
- **suboffice5**: Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution, Europe and External Affairs, Shadow Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution
- **subterm5**: 2020–2021
- **birth place**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **party**: Scottish Labour
- **education**: Hutchesons' Grammar School
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Chaudhry Sarwar, Mohammad Sarwar (father)
- **alma mater**: University of Glasgow
Cameron–Clegg coalition

The **Cameron–Clegg coalition** was formed by David Cameron and Nick Clegg when Cameron was invited by Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, following the resignation of Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, after the general election on 6 May. It was the UK's first coalition government since the Churchill caretaker ministry in 1945.

The coalition was led by Cameron as Prime Minister with Clegg as Deputy Prime Minister and made up of members of both Cameron's centre-right Conservative Party and Clegg's centrist Liberal Democrats. The Cabinet was made up of sixteen Conservatives and five Liberal Democrats, with eight other Conservatives and one other Liberal Democrat attending cabinet but not members.

The coalition ended after the 2015 election when Conservatives won a majority.

## Infobox (government cabinet)

- **incumbent**: 2010–2015
- **image**: PM-DPM-St David's Day Agreement announcement.jpg
- **alt**: 2015 photograph of Cameron and Clegg
- **caption**: Cameron (left) and Clegg (right) in February 2015
- **government head title**: Prime Minister
- **government head**: David Cameron
- **government head history**: Premiership of David Cameron, 2010–2016
- **deputy government head**: Nick Clegg
- **other government minister title**: First Secretary of State, First Secretary
- **other government minister**: William Hague
- **state head title**: Monarch
- **state head**: Elizabeth II
- **political parties**: Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Democrats
- **legislature status**: Majority government, Majority Coalition government, (coalition)
 363 / 650 (56%)
- **election**: 2010 United Kingdom general election, 2010 general election
- **last election**: 2015 United Kingdom general election, 2015 general election
- **incoming formation**: 2010 United Kingdom government formation, 2010 government formation
- **previous**: Brown ministry
- **successor**: Second Cameron ministry
- **flag**: File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg
- **jurisdiction**: United Kingdom
Robby Benson

**Robin David Segal**, better known as **Robby Benson** (born September 9, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for providing the voice of the Beast in the 1991 animated movie _Beauty and the Beast_ and its numerous sequels and spin-offs.

In 1975 Benson auditioned for the role of Luke Skywalker in _Star Wars_ but it eventually went to Mark Hamill.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robby Benson
- **image**: Robby Benson Photo Op GalaxyCon Minneapolis 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Robby Benson in 2019
- **birth date**: January 21, 1956
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, United States
- **occupation**: actor
- **years active**: 1965–present
National Planetarium

The **National Planetarium** is Malaysia's national planetarium. It is a blue-domed building on a hill in the Lake Gardens at Jalan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur. It covers about 120,000 square feet (11,000 m²).

The National Planetarium began as the Planetarium Division in the Prime Minister's Department in 1989. Construction of the planetarium, then called the National Space and Science Education Centre, started in 1990 and finished in 1993. It cost RM 24 million, with the Japanese government donating RM 5 million. A soft launch to the public happened in May 1993. It was officially opened by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad on 7 February 1994. In July 1995, the Division moved to the Ministry of Science, Technology, and the Environment, which still owns the planetarium.
Association of Convenience Stores

The **Association of Convenience Store**s is a trade association for small shops in the United Kingdom (UK). Its members are about 49,000 shops. The headquarters is in Farnborough. Their report on local shops said that people will be spending £50.9 billion in their shops by 2026.
Dunedin Hospital

**Dunedin Hospital** is a hospital in Dunedin, New Zealand.

## History

The original hospital was built in the centre of Dunedin in 1851, and moved to in 1865.

### 2007 Norovirus outbreak

In March 2007 two wards of the hospital were closed because of a suspected outbreak of norovirus. On 16 August 2008 the hospital was put in lockdown for one week.

### COVID-19 pandemic

In June 2022, the Dunedin Hospital was closed to visitors after an outbreak of COVID-19 within its wards.

## Infobox (hospital)

- **name**: Dunedin Hospital
- **org/group**: Southern District Health Board
- **image**: Dunedin Public Hospital from Signal Hill Sep 2007.jpg
- **caption**: Dunedin Hospital from Signal Hill
- **location**: Dunedin, New Zealand
- **region**: Otago
- **country**: NZ
- **healthcare**: Publicly funded
- **type**: Teaching, Tertiary Referral
- **affiliation**: University of Otago
- **emergency**: Yes
- **beds**: 398
 (as of 2023)
- **founded**: 1851
- **website**: https://www.southernhealth.nz/
Linwood Islamic Centre

The **Linwood Islamic Centre** was a Sunni Islamic mosque in Linwood, Christchurch, New Zealand.

## History

The mosque opened in 2018 on the grounds of the former Christchurch Baháʼí Centre and the Linwood Community Centre.  The building was formerly a Sunday school and was moved to Linwood in the late 1980s. It was the second mosque to open in Christchurch.

### Mass shooting and demolishment

On 15 March 2019, the mosque was one of two mosques targeted in a terrorist attack in Christchurch. Most of the victims were at the Al Noor Mosque: out the 51 people shot and killed overall in the attacks, 7 were killed at Linwood and out of the 40 people injured, 5 were at Linwood.It reopened on 23 March, the same day as Al Noor. The terrorist, Brenton Tarrant, was convicted of multiple murder, attempted murder, and terrorism charges on 2 June 2020, and sentenced to 52 life sentences with out the chance of parole plus 480 years on 27 August the same year.

In November 2023, the Linwood Islamic Centre was demolished. With sponsorship from an Emirati fund, a $20 million new mosque and multipurpose hall will be built, which will hold 600 worshippers.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Linwood Islamic Centre
- **image**: Linwood Islamic Centre, March 2020.jpg
- **caption**: Linwood Islamic Centre in March 2020
- **map type**: New Zealand Christchurch
- **map size**: 240
- **map relief**: 1
- **map caption**: Location in Christchurch
- **religious affiliation**: Sunni Islam
- **location**: 223A Linwood Avenue, Linwood, New Zealand, Linwood, Christchurch, New Zealand
- **organisational status**: Mosque
- **ownership**: Linwood Islamic Charitable Trust
- **established**: 2018
- **date demolished**: 2023
Linwood, New Zealand

**Linwood** is a suburb of the city of Christchurch, New Zealand

## History

Linwood is one of Christchurch's older suburbs and was established in 1850.

The Linwood Islamic Centre was the site of a mass shooting during the Christchurch mosque shootings on 15 March 2019.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 11


## Infobox (new zealand suburbs)

- **name**: Linwood
- **image**: Linwood House, 2003.jpg
- **caption1**: Linwood House in 2003
- **city1**: Christchurch
- **council**: Christchurch City Council
- **area**: 285
Chatham railway station (disambiguation)

**Chatham railway station** may mean

- Chatham railway station, England
- Chatham railway station, Melbourne, Australia
- Chatham railway station (Ontario), Canada
- Chatham station (Massachusetts), United States
- Chatham station (NJ Transit), New Jersey, United States
- Union Station (Chatham, New York), United States
Area codes 817 and 682

**Area codes 817 and 682** are telephone area codes in the U.S. state of Texas. They the central northern part of Texas, including the city of Fort Worth and its surrounding areas. Area code 817 was created in 1953 when it was split from area code 915. It was overlaid by area code 682 in 2000.
Area codes 818 and 747

**Area codes 818 and 747** are telephone area codes in the state of California, United States. It covers the San Fernando Valley, which is part of Los Angeles County. Cities include Burbank, Glendale, San Fernando, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Northridge, North Hollywood, Van Nuys. It was created on January 7, 1984, when it was split from area code 213. It was overlaid with 747 in 2009.
Helminthosporium

***Helminthosporium*** is a group of fungi. _Helminthosporium_ belongs to the Massarinaceae family and is of the Pleosporales order. Currently, 60 species belong to the _Helminthosporium_ genus. However, there is some uncertainty about how many species belong to this genus.

Members of the Helminthosporium genus are most visible in their asexual morph. These species are considered saprobes and are distributed worldwide. They have been seen to infect a range of hosts.

## Identification

It is difficult to identify _Helminthosporium_ by their shape. Instead, suspected members of the _Helminthosporium_ genus undergo molecular tests to evaluate their correct species. For reliable identification, members should undergo both morphological and molecular analysis.

The _Helminthosporium_ genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.

## Infection

The majority of _Helminthosporium_ species are parasitic. Hosts include grass-like plants such as potatoes, rice, corn, barley, oats, wheat, and sorghum. Infection usually occurs on the stems and leaves of plants. However, the species that has infected the host may change what the infection looks like.

One instance of infection by a _Helminthosporium_ species is the disease Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB). SCLB is caused by _Helminthosporium_ _maydis_ (_H. maydis_). When infecting a host, _H. maydis_ produces a toxin that causes SCLB. This disease stops root growth and produces yellow or brown lesions on plant leaves. This disease can affect both corn and sorghum grown in warm, humid environments.

Another disease caused by _Helminthosporium_ is named seedling rot disease. Rice seedling rot disease is caused by _Helminthosporium oryzae_ (_H. oryzae_) and infects rice seeds and rice seedlings. This disease significantly decreases the production of rice seedlings. Infected seeds are soft, pulpy and often covered in mould. Some infected seeds are also unable to germinate. Infected seeds that do grow produce unhealthy seedlings. Infected seedlings are characterised by their yellow or light green colour, weakness, slow growth, and early death.

## Resistance

_Helminthosporium solani_ (_H. solani_) causes a disease called silver scurf in potatoes, which reduces their quality and their ability to be sold. Potato crops are commonly treated with Thiabendazole, an anti-fungal agent, for disease control. However, resistance to this drug has been reported.
Area codes 819, 873, and 468

**Area codes 819, 873 and 468** are telephone area codes in the province of Quebec, Canada. They cover the western and northern parts of Quebec, including the city of Gatineau and the surrounding regions. Area code 819 was created in 1957. It was one of the original area codes for Quebec. It was overlaid with 873 in 2012 and 468 on October 22, 2022.
Area code 908

**Area code 908** is a telephone area code in the state of New Jersey, United States. It covers the northern parts of the state, including the cities of Elizabeth, Plainfield, and Phillipsburg. It was created on November 1, 1990, as a split from 201.
Area code 910 and 472

**Area code 910 and 472** are area codes for North Carolina. It covers the southeastern part of North Carolina, including cities such as Wilmington, Fayetteville, and Jacksonville. It was created on November 14, 1993, when it was split from area code 919. It was split by 336 in 1997 and overlaid by 472 on October 7, 2022.
Area code 912

**Area code 912** is a telephone area code in the state of Georgia, United States. It covers the southeastern part of Georgia, including cities such as Savannah, Brunswick, and Statesboro. It was created in 1954 as a split from area code 404. It originally covered most of southern Georgia. It was split by 229 and 478, both in 2000. As of 2022, 912 is estimated to be used up in 2029.
Area code 915

**Area code 915** is a telephone area code in the state of Texas, United States. It covers the western part of Texas, including the city of El Paso and its surrounding areas. It was one of the original area codes established in 1947 that originally covered a large portion of western Texas and the Texas Panhandle. It was split by 817 in 1954, 806 in 1957, and 325 and 432, both in 2003.
Area codes 916 and 279

**Area codes 916 and 279** are telephone area codes in the state of California, United States. They cover the northeastern part of California, including the city of Sacramento and its surrounding areas. Area code 916 was one of the original area codes established in 1947. It originally covered a large portion of northern California. It was split by 707 in 1959, 530 in 1997, and overlaid by 279 in 2018.
Area code 918

**Area code 918** is a telephone area code in the state of Oklahoma, United States. It covers northeastern Oklahoma, including cities such as Tulsa, Muskogee, and Bartlesville. It was created in 1953 as a split from area code 405. It was overlaid by 539 in 2011.
Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani

Ayatollah **Mohammad-Ali Movahedi Kermani** (; born 1932) is an Iranian politician and cleirc. He is Tehran's Friday Prayer Ephemeral Imam. He is also the former secretary-general of Combatant Clergy Association. He is also a member of the Assembly of Experts. He was formerly one of the deputy speakers in the Islamic Consultative Assembly. In May 2024, he became the Chairman of the Assembly of Experts.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Ayatollah
- **name**: Mohammad-Ali
Movahedi Kermani
- **native name lang**: fa
- **image**: Ali Movahedi Kermani 2019 2.jpg
- **office**: List of chairmen of the Assembly of Experts, Chairman of the Assembly of Experts
- **term start**: 21 May 2024
- **1blankname**: Supreme Leader
- **1namedata**: Ali Khamenei
- **predecessor**: Ahmad Jannati
- **office1**: Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council

- **term start1**: 29 December 2018
- **term end1**: 30 December 2018
- **predecessor1**: Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
- **successor1**: Sadeq Larijani
- **term start2**: 1 February 2017
- **term end2**: 14 August 2017
- **predecessor2**: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
- **successor2**: Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
- **office3**: List of Tehran's Friday Prayer Imams, Tehran's Ephemeral Friday Prayer Imam
- **term start3**: 2 December 2012
- **appointer3**: Ali Khamenei
- **office4**: Assembly of Experts, Member of Assembly of Experts
- **term start4**: 24 May 2016
- **majority4**: 2,134,963
- **constituency4**: Tehran Province
- **term start5**: 14 July 1983
- **term end5**: 24 May 2016
- **constituency5**: Kerman Province
- **office6**: Islamic Consultative Assembly, Member of the Parliament
- **term start6**: 28 May 1984
- **term end6**: 28 May 2000
- **majority6**: 1,025,629 <small>(44.6%; 5th term)</small>
- **constituency6**: Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr (electoral district), Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr
- **term start7**: 28 May 1980
- **term end7**: 28 May 1984
- **constituency7**: Kerman Province, Kerman
- **office8**: Member of Expediency Discernment Council
- **term start8**: 4 October 1989
- **term end8**: 20 September 2022
- **appointer8**: Ali Khamenei
- **1blankname8**: Chairman
- **1namedata8**: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Sadeq Larijani
- **birth place**: Kerman, Iran
- **party**: Combatant Clergy Association
- **otherparty**: Islamic Republican Party
Area codes 919 and 984

**Area codes 919 and 984** are telephone area code in the state of North Carolina, United States. It covers the central part of North Carolina, including the capital city of Raleigh and its surrounding areas. Area code 919 was one of the original area codes established in 1947. It was overlaid with area code 984 on April 30, 2012.
Area code 575

**Area code 575** is a telephone area code in the state of New Mexico, United States. It covers the entire state, excluding the northwest corner and the Albuquerque metropolitan area, which is served by area code 505. It was created on October 7, 2007, as a split to area code 505. This marked the last time any new area code was split. All future area codes from that point on would only be overlays.
Area codes 541 and 458

**Area codes 541 and 458** are telephone area codes in the state of Oregon, United States. They cover most of the state of Oregon, excluding the northwestern corner, which is served by area code 503. It covers Eugene, Bend, Medford, Springfield, Corvallis, Grants Pass, Ashland, and Albany. Area code 541 was created on November 5, 1995, as a split from 503. It was overlaid by 458 in 2010.
Area code 352

**Area code 352** is a telephone area code in the state of Florida, United States. It covers the north-central part of Florida, including cities such as Gainesville, Ocala, and The Villages. It was created on December 3, 1995, as a split from area code 904. The mnemonic for Florida is FLA, as when typed in a keypad, it shows 352. As of March 2023, 352 is predicted to be used up by late 2027.
Area code 864

**Area code 864** is a telephone area code in the state of South Carolina, United States. It covers the western part of South Carolina, including cities such as Greenville, Spartanburg, and Anderson. It was created on December 3, 1995, as a split from 803. It is set to be overlaid by 821 on August 19, 2024.
Ellie Reeves

**Eleanor Claire Reeves** (born 11 December 1980) is a British politician who has served as Chairperson of the Labour Party and Minister of State without Portfolio since July 2024. As a member of the Labour Party, she has been the Member of Parliament for Lewisham West and East Dulwich, formerly Lewisham West and Penge, since 2017. She used to be Shadow Solicitor General for England and Wales from April 2020 until December 2021 and Shadow Minister for Prisons and Probation from 2021 until 2023.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ellie Reeves
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), MP
- **image**: Official portrait of Ellie Reeves MP crop 2, 2023.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2023
- **office**: Chair of the Labour Party (UK), Chairperson of the Labour Party
- **leader**: Keir Starmer
- **term start**: 6 July 2024
- **predecessor**: Anneliese Dodds
- **office1**: Minister of State without Portfolio
- **primeminister1**: Keir Starmer
- **term start1**: 6 July 2024
- **predecessor1**: Esther McVey
- **office2**: Labour Party (UK), Labour Party Deputy National Campaign Coordinator
- **term start2**: 4 September 2023
- **predecessor2**: Conor McGinn
- **leader2**: Keir Starmer
- **termend2**: 6 July 2024
- **successor2**: TBD
- **office3**: Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom), Shadow Minister for Prisons and Probation
- **leader3**: Keir Starmer
- **term start3**: 4 December 2021
- **term end3**: 5 September 2023
- **predecessor3**: Lyn Brown
- **successor3**: Ruth Cadbury
- **office4**: Shadow Solicitor General, Shadow Solicitor General for England and Wales
- **leader4**: Keir Starmer
- **term start4**: 9 April 2020
- **term end4**: 4 December 2021
- **predecessor4**: Nick Thomas-Symonds
- **successor4**: Andy Slaughter
- **office5**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
 for Lewisham West and East Dulwich (UK Parliament constituency), Lewisham West and East Dulwich

- **predecessor5**: Jim Dowd (politician), Jim Dowd
- **term start5**: 8 June 2017
- **majority5**: 18,397 (39.7%)
- **birth name**: Eleanor Claire Reeves
- **birth place**: Beckenham, London, England
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
- **relatives**: Rachel Reeves (sister)
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: St Catherine's College, Oxford
- **profession**: Barrister
Bin Weevils

***Bin Weevils*** was a British MMORPG game that had a virtual world which had a lot of different online games and activities. It was playable in web browsers with Adobe Flash. The playable characters were weevils. The virtual world was a bin.
Anshuman Singh (politician)

**Anshuman Singh** (7 July 1935 – 8 March 2021) was an Indian politician. He was Governor of Rajasthan from 1999 until 2003. He also was Governor of Gujarat from 1998 until 1999.

He died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

## Other websites

- Anshuman Singh

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anshuman Singh
- **birth date**: 7 July 1935
- **birth place**: Allahabad, United Provinces of British India, British Raj
- **death place**: India
- **order**: Governor of Rajasthan
- **term start**: 16 January 1999
- **term end**: 14 May 2003
- **predecessor**: Navrang Lal Tibrewal
- **successor**: Nirmal Chandra Jain
- **order2**: Governor of Gujarat
- **term start2**: 25 April 1998
- **term end2**: 16 January 1999
- **predecessor2**: Krishna Pal Singh
- **successor2**: K.G. Balakrishnan
Gianluca De Novi

**Gianluca De Novi** is an Italian computer scientist, professor and director of the Medical Device and Simulation Laboratory at Harvard University.

He holds a faculty position at Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham.

He is known for his work in fields of Haptic technology, robotics, medical simulation, and surgical robotics.

## Biography

De Novi was born and raised in Bernalda. He graduated with a master's degree in Electronics Engineering. He later obtained a Ph.D. in Robotics and Control Systems from University of Bologna. He immigrated to the United States for research purposes.

He completed his fellowship at postdoctoral fellowship at the Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital.

Nine months after his appointment as faculty, De Novi became the Director of the Medical Device and Simulation Laboratory within the imaging department.

In 2012, he founded Hintivision after patenting a technology for smart advertising. In 2014, he began serving as a Scientific and Strategic Advisor at ADM Tronics Unlimited, Inc., a medical device manufacturing company. The same year, he founded Triotech Ventures, a consortium of American medical device companies.

In 2016, De Novi worked as a Faculty Instructor at Harvard Extension School, teaching Augmented/Virtual Reality Rendering for Simulation and Gaming. In 2018, he co-founded XSurgical Robotics, a company focused on developing surgical robots with the goal of achieving fully autonomous surgical procedures through the use of Artificial Intelligence.

## Research

De Novi's academic research has primarily focused on computer-based surgical simulation, beginning with an exploration of graphic rendering technologies and the development of a comprehensive virtual reality framework specialized for surgery simulation from 2004 to 2013. During his postdoctoral fellowship, he expanded his research to include real-time gesture analysis, task recognition, and augmented reality within the context of surgery simulation.

## Other websites

- Google scholar's profile
- Harvard profile

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Gianluca De Novi
- **birth place**: Bernalda, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian
- **workplaces**: Harvard Medical School
 Massachusetts General Hospital
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts General Hospital
University of Bologna
Paracoccus

Paracoccus bacteria are a soil microbe that can remove essential nutrients from the soil, consequently harming crop production. They can also cause a range of infections in humans of all ages.

## Appearance

_Paracoccus_ bacteria (_Paracocci_) are gram negative (negative result on the gram stain) and circle shaped (known as a _coccus_). _Paracocci_ may also exist in pairs stuck together known as _diplococci._

## Classification

The genus _Paracoccus_ is within the family Rhodobacteracaea and contains 31 species. The Rhodobacteracaea are within the order Rhodobacterales, in the class Alphaproteobacteria of phylum Pseudomonadota. Pseudomonadota is also sometimes referred to as Proteobacteria.

## Habitat

_Paracocci_ can live in a very wide range of habitats both on land and in the water. These include soils, seawater, freshwater, and even inside humans. _Paracoccus_ bacteria do not have any way of moving themselves so will just float in the direction of the current.

## Metabolism

_Paracoccus_ bacteria are able to use a large variety of chemical compounds as energy. These include methanol and similar molecules, in addition to nitrogen rich molecules known as amines.

## Effect on humans

The effects of these bacteria on humans are as diverse as the environments the live in. When in the soil, _Paracoccus_ bacteria have a denitrifying effect where they release nitrate from the soil. This is bad for humans as crop plants need nitrate. Therefore, losing it results in a reduction in soil nutrients and a reduction in crop yields. The other issue is that the nitrate is released as nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, or nitrous oxide. All three are greenhouse gases which increase climate change when released.

_Paracocci_ can also be the cause of skin, eye, ear, spine, blood, and wound (mostly on the feet or ankles) infections. However, they are considered low risk and are currently rare.

_Paracoccus_ bacteria can potentially be beneficial to humans too. Since they can consume and break down amines, they could be used to clean up human pollution which is often amines (bioremediation). Bioremediation is where microbes or fungi are used to remove human pollution such as oil spills.

## History

The genus _Paracoccus_ was first proposed by Diane Davis in 1969 when dividing the _Hydrogenomonas_ genus into new genera. At the time it only contained two species. Since then, the genus has been expanded by adding 29 other species
Area codes 573 and 235

**Area codes 573 and 235** are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It serves the eastern and central parts of the U.S. state of Missouri, such as Columbia, Cape Girardeau, Jefferson City, Hannibal, and Sikeston. Area code 573 was created on January 7, 1996 as a split from area code 314. It was overlaid by 235 on March 24, 2024.
Area codes 847 and 224

**Area codes 847 and 224** are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). They serve the northern suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. Being created on January 20, 1996, it was split from 708. 847 was overlaid by 224 in 2002.
Bernie Kosar

**Bernard Joseph Kosar Jr.** (born November 25, 1963) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes from 1982 to 1984.

Kosar played in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns from 1985 to 1993, the Dallas Cowboys in 1993, and Miami Dolphins from 1994 to 1996. He was the backup quarterback on the 1993 Cowboys team that won Super Bowl XXVIII.

Kosar was born in Youngstown, Ohio. He was raised in Boardman Township, Ohio. Kosar studied at the University of Miami.

In July 2024, Kosar was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and liver failure.

## Other websites

- Official Facebook
- Official Twitter
Area code 345

**Area code 345** is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It serves the entirety of Cayman Islands, a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It was created on September 1, 1996, as a split from area code 809.
Qu Yuan

**Qu Yuan** ( – 278 BC) was a Chinese poet and aristocrat. He lived in the State of Chu during the Warring States period. He is known for his patriotism and work in classical poetry and verses. He wrote _Chu Ci_ anthropology (also called _The Songs of the South_ or _Songs of Chu_). _Chu Ci_ and _Shi Jing_ are usually called some of the greatest Chinese verses. He is also remembered because he may have been connected to the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival.

There are not many historical details about Qu Yuan's. Historians are not entirely sure if he wrote many of the _Chu Ci_. However, he is widely thought to have written "The Lament," a _Chu Ci_ poem. The first mention to Qu Yuan is in a poem written in 174 BC by Jia Yi. Jia Yi was an official from Luoyang. He was slandered by other officials and was sent to Changsha by Emperor Wen of Han. While traveling, he wrote a poem about how "Qu Yuan" had something similar happen to him. Eighty years later, the first known biography of Qu Yuan's life was in Han dynasty historian Sima Qian's _Records of the Grand Historian_. However, these records have some contradictions about his details.

## Related pages

- Dragon Boat Festival
- Tianwen-1

### Bibliography

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## Other websites

- "Qu Yuan (Chu Yuan), the great poet"
- "This article has photos of Qu Yuan's hometown before it was submerged by the dams project"
- "The Dragon Boat Festival" (article copied from Volume 1, number 2 of the newsletter of Families with Children from China of the San Francisco Bay Area)

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **name1**: Chinese name
- **c**: 屈原
- **p**: Qū Yuán
- **w**: Ch'ü<sup>1</sup> Yüan<sup>2</sup>
- **suz**: Chiueh Nyœ́
- **j**: Wat<sup>1</sup> Jyun<sup>4</sup>
- **y**: Wāt Yùhn
- **tl**: Khut Guân
- **poj**: Khut Goân
- **oc-bs**: *kʰut N-ɢʷar


## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Qu Yuan
- **image**: Qu Yuan Chen Hongshou 2.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Portrait of Qu Yuan by Chen Hongshou (17th century)
- **birth date**: BC
- **birth place**: Chu (state), State of Chu, in modern-day Zigui County, Hubei, China
- **death date**: 278 BC (aged 62)
- **death place**: Miluo River
- **occupation**: Poet, politician
Area code 888

**Area Code 888** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service on March 1, 1996. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 800, 833, 844, 855, 866, and 877. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
Area code 877

**Area Code 877** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service on April 4, 1998. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 800, 833, 844, 855, 866, and 888. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan. Like all the other area codes in North America, companies use it to provide easy access to customer support, businesses use it for sales inquiries and placing orders, and organizations use it for hotlines and information lines.
Area code 866

**Area Code 866** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service on July 29, 2000. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 800, 833, 844, 855, 877, and 888. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
Area code 855

**Area Code 855** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service on October 9, 2010. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 800, 833, 844, 866, 877, and 888. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
Area code 844

**Area Code 844** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service on December 7, 2013. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 800, 833, 855, 866, 877, and 888. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
Area code 833

**Area Code 833** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service on June 3, 2017. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 800, 844, 855, 866, 877, and 888. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
Area code 800

**Area Code 800** is a toll-free telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is used for toll-free numbers, meaning the person making the call does not pay for the call; instead, the receiving party pays. It entered service in 1966. It is one of several toll-free area codes in North America. Other toll-free area codes include 833, 844, 855, 866, 877, and 888. These codes are not tied to a specific geographic region and can be used anywhere in the United States, Canada, and other countries participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
College of Saint Rose

The College of Saint Rose was a private, Catholic affiliated college in Albany, New York. The college was founded in 1920 and operated for over 100 years. It closed suddenly in June, 2024 after running out of money.  This left many students unable to complete their degree programs and being forced to transfer.  The College of Saint Rose expanded programs and campus buildings drastically between 2010 and 2015, which required a lot of funding. The enrollment was impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2022, likely playing a role in the closing of the college.

The College of Saint Rose offered degree programs in many fields, including broadcasting, nursing, education, technology, art and others.
Area codes 330 and 234

**Area codes 330 and 234** are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). They serve parts of northeastern Ohio in the United States, such as Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and Wooster. Area code 330 was created on March 9, 1996 as a split from 216. It was overlaid by 234 on October 30, 2000.
Boeing Canada

**Boeing Canada** is the Canadian subsidiary of Boeing. It operates in Winnipeg, MB, Richmond, BC, Montreal, QC and Ottawa, ON. Boeing has over 1,600 workers in Canada. Boeing Aircraft of Canada Limited was formed in 1929 by the American Boeing Airplane Company.

In October 2008, Boeing Canada was said called one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers". The company was shown in _Maclean's_ newsmagazine. Later that month, Boeing Canada Technology in Winnipeg was also called one of Manitoba's Top Employers. This was announced by the _Winnipeg Free Press_ newspaper.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Boeing Canada
- **logo**: Boeing full logo.svg
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **location city**: Winnipeg
- **location country**: Canada
- **products**: Body to Wing Fairings, Engine Strut Fairings, and Landing Gear Doors
- **num employees**: 1,600+
- **parent**: Boeing
Shrek 5

***Shrek 5*** is an upcoming American fantasy comedy movie. It is expected to be released on June 30, 2027 in North America. It is the fifth main movie in the _Shrek_ movie franchise and is the sequel to the 2010 movie _Shrek Forever After_. It was directed by Walt Dohrn and Conrad Vernon.

## Cast

- Mike Myers as Shrek
- Eddie Murphy as Donkey
- Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona

## Infobox (movie)

- **writer**: Michael McCullers
- **studio**: DreamWorks Animation
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Ben Habib

**Benjamin Neeb Habib** (, romanised: Benyamin Nab Habib; born 7 June 1965) is a British-Pakistani politician and businessman who was the 2nd Deputy Leader of Reform UK serving alongside David Bull under Richard Tice and Nigel Farage from 2023 to July 2024. He was elected as a Member of the European Parliament or London in the 2019 European parliamentary election. He remained in the role until the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020.

Habib is the chief executive of First Property Group, a commercial property investment and fund management company.

## Other websites

- European Parliament Page

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ben Habib
- **order**: 2nd
- **office**: Deputy Leader of Reform UK
- **term start**: 7 October 2023
- **term end**: 11 July 2024
Serving alongside David Bull (television presenter), David Bull
- **predecessor**: David Bull
- **successor**: Richard Tice
- **office1**: Member of the European Parliament
for London (European Parliament constituency), London
- **term start1**: 2019 European Parliament election, 23 May 2019
- **term end1**: Brexit, 31 January 2020
- **predecessor1**: Gerard Batten
- **successor1**: _Constituency abolished_
- **birth place**: Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- **party**: Advance UK (2025-)
- **otherparty**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative (before 2019)  Reform UK (2019—2024)
- **education**: Rugby School
- **alma mater**: Robinson College, Cambridge
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Businessman
Djerv

**Djerv**, or **Ꙉервь**, is an archaic letter from a Cyrillic script. In Old Church Slavonic, it made the /gʲ/ or /dʲ/ sound.