juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eugene V. Debs

**Eugene Victor** "**Gene**" **Debs** (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and a five times candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. He earned about a million votes in one election while being in prison.

## Early life

Debs was born on November 5, 1885 in Terre Haute, Indiana. He left school when he was 14 in order to work on scraping paint and grease off cars in the Vandalia Railroad on a 50 cent a day wage.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eugene V. Debs
- **image**: Eugene V. Debs, bw photo portrait, 1897.jpg
- **caption**: Debs in 1897
- **state senate**: Indiana
- **state**: Indiana
- **district**: 8th
- **term start**: 1885
- **term end**: 1889
- **party**: Socialist Party of America, Socialist
- **otherparty**: Social Democratic Party (United States), Social Democratic
Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth place**: Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Elmhurst, Illinois, U.S.
- **birth name**: Eugene Victor Debs
- **spouse**: Kate Metzel (m. 1885)
- **signature**: Eugene V. Debs signature.png
Holly Madison

**Holly Sue Cullen** (born December 23, 1979), the model is known mostly  as **Holly Madison**, is an American television personality. She is best known for being one of Hugh Hefner's girlfriends on the reality television series _The Girls Next Door_. She also had her own reality series, _Holly's World_.
Ernest Deane

**Ernest Cotton Deane**  (born 4 May 1887 and died 25 September 1915) was a medical officer of the British Indian Army.  He was born in the city of Limerick, Ireland. He went to school in Dún Laoghaire (then called Kingstown) in County Dublin. Deane studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, graduating in 1909. He played rugby for Ireland in one match, against England in February 1909. However, his rugby career was cut short after he broke his leg soon after in a game against Oxford University.

Deane became a surgeon at the Adelaide Hospital, Dublin. He was then commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1911. In 1913, he was posted to India and served in Burma. He was sent to Meerut at the start of the First World War. He went to France with the Garhwal Brigade of the Indian Expeditionary Force. They arrived in Marseilles in September 1914. He was then sent immediately to the Western Front. There he served first with the 20th Field Ambulance. Then he served as a medical officer of the 2nd Battalion, The Royal Leicestershire Regiment. His unit saw much active service. On 22 August 1915, he was awarded the Military Cross after running out under machine gun fire to rescue four men who had been wounded by artillery fire. A month later, his regiment participated in the Battle of Loos, and was almost entirely destroyed. He was shot dead after going to help some injured soldiers. His action earned him a mention in dispatches.
Doo-wop

**Doo-wop** is a genre of music that was developed in African-American communities in The USA. It started in the 1940s. Doo-wop achieved mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Singer Bill Kenny (1914–1978) is often called the "Godfather of Doo-wop". He introduced the "top and bottom" format which featured a high tenor singing the lead and a bass singer reciting the lyrics in the middle of the song. Doo-wop features vocal group harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation, and simple music and lyrics.

The first record to use the syllables "doo-wop" was the 1955 hit "When You Dance" by the Turbans. The term "doo-wop" first appeared in print in 1961. During the late 1950s many Italian-American groups added to the doo-wop scene. The peak of doo-wop was in 1961. Doo-wop's influence continued in soul, pop, and rock groups of the 1960s. At various times in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the genre has seen revivals. Doo-wop was a precursor to many of the afro-American musical styles seen today. An evolution of jazz and blues, doo-wop also influenced many of the major Rock and Roll groups that defined the later decades of the 20th century. Doo-wop is iconic for it’s swing-like beats and using the off-beat to keep time. Doo-wop laid the foundation for many musical innovations, for example, R&B.

It has had a revival recently as Meghan Trainor usually makes songs with in the genre.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Doo-wop
- **bgcolor**: #0000E1
- **color**: white
- **stylistic origins**: Rhythm and blues, gospel music, gospel, Swing music, swing
- **cultural origins**: 1940s–early 1960s, United States
- **instruments**: Double bass - Electric guitar - Saxophone - Drum kit, Drums - Piano - vocal music, Harmony vocals
- **popularity**: Significant from 1950s to early 1960s
- **derivatives**: Beach music, Beat music, beat, Soul music, soul, rock and roll
- **regional scenes**: New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Cincinnati
- **other topics**: 50s progression, 50s chord progression
Elder High School

**Elder High School** is a Catholic all-boys private high school in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.  The high school has been in existence for 90 years. It is a private high school within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. This high school is known for its academic and athletic programs. It has a strong following of students, alumni, and friends who support the school at sports events. They also support community events and fundraising for capital and operating budgets.
Guido Altarelli

**Guido Altarelli** (July 12, 1941 - September 30, 2015) was an Italian theoretical physicist. He was born in Rome, Italy.

He held positions at New York University (1968–69), the Rockefeller University (New York, 1969–70),  l' École Normale Supérieure in Paris (76-77, 81), and Boston University (85-86).

## Awards

- Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 2011 Julius Wess Award for Outstanding Achievements in Elementary Particle and Astroparticle Physics - The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 2012 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics - The American Physical Society
- High Energy and Particle Physics Prize - EPS HEPP Prize, 2015.

## Other websites

- Scientific publications of Guido Altarelli on INSPIRE-HEP

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Guido Altarelli
- **image**: Professor Guido Altarelli.jpg
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **death place**: Geneva, Switzerland
- **nationality**: Italian
- **fields**: Physics
- **workplaces**: Sapienza University of Rome, University of Roma Tre
- **known for**: DGLAP ,  Altarelli-Parisi equations
Lubomír Lipský

**Lubomír Lipský** (April 19, 1923 – October 2, 2015) was a Czech actor. He was known for his roles in _Four Murders Are Enough, Darling_, _Grapes_, and in _Six Bears and a Clown_.

He was born in Pelhřimov. His brother was director Oldřich Lipský. He died in Prague, aged 92.
Eric Arturo Delvalle

**Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henríquez** (2 February 1937 – 2 October 2015) was a Panamanian politician and a member of the Republican Party. He served as the Vice President of Panama from 1984 until 28 September 1985. He then served as the President until 26 February 1988 under Manuel Noriega. He tried to overthrow Noriega but went into hiding and left the country.

Delvalle was born in Panama City. He was of Jewish ancestry. His uncle, Max Delvalle, was the first Jewish president in Latin America. He was married to Mariela Delvalle.

Delvalle died on 2 October 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. He was 78.
Compurgation

**Compurgation** was an ancient type of defence in a legal trial. An accused person could call a number of people, usually twelve. They swore to their belief in his or her innocence.

In England, it was abolished in common law by the _Constitutions of Clarendon_ of Henry II in 1164. The defence was still permitted in civil actions for debt. Eventually, it was entirely abolished in England in 1833.
Javid Iqbal

Justice **Javed Iqbal** (Urdu: ‎ 5 October 1924 – 3 October 2015) was a Pakistani philosopher and senior justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan. He was internationally known for his publications on philosophy of law and modern Islamic philosophy.

Javed began his career as an advocate in Lahore High Court, and later became a judge in 1971 and then Chief Justice of the court. He was also a judge in the Supreme Court of Pakistan

Iqbal died while under treatment for cancer at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital in Lahore, aged 90.
Tyrus Wong

**Tyrus Wong** (; October 25, 1910 – December 30, 2016) was a Chinese-born American artist.

He was a painter, muralist, ceramicist, lithographer, designer and kite maker. Wong has worked for Disney and Warner Brothers. Wong's most famous work was for the Disney animated classic, _Bambi_.

## Other websites

- A Profile of Tyrus Wong  by Rosalind Chang. Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation.
- Tyrus Wong. Disney Legend Disney Insider.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Tyrus Wong
- **image**: Team Tyrus (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Wong in 2014
- **birth place**: Taishan, Xinning, Guangdong, Qing Dynasty, China
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Chinese American
- **field**: Movies, mural, painting
- **works**: _Bambi_
- **awards**: Chinese American Museum, CAM Historymakers Award
Disney Legends Award
Mabel Boll

**Mabel Boll** (December 1, 1893 – April 11, 1949) was an American socialite. In 1927 she planned, with Charles A. Levine, to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger. She was known as the "Queen of Diamonds" as the owner of the 46.57-carat emerald-cut Mabel Boll diamond.

## Biography

Boll was born on December 1, 1893 in Rochester, New York.

In 1927, Boll planned, with Charles A. Levine, to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger.

Boll died of a stroke at the Manhattan State Hospital, the psychiatric hospital on Wards Island on April 11, 1949 at the age of 55.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mabel Boll
- **image**: Mabel Boll (ca. 1920).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Boll circa 1920
- **birth date**: December 1, 1893
- **birth place**: Rochester, New York, United States
- **death place**: Manhattan Psychiatric Center, Manhattan State Hospital
Wards Island, Manhattan, New York City, United States
- **citizenship**: American
- **other names**: "Queen of Diamonds", Mabel Boll Cella, Countess de la Porceerei, Senora Hernando Rocha-Schioos
- **known for**: Actress, aviation pioneer, jewelry
- **occupation**: Socialite, actress
- **spouse**:

- **children**: Robert Scott II (1914-1942)
- **parents**: George L. Boll
Josephine Snelgrove
Co-education

**Co-education** is the education of males and females in the same schools. The practice has been different in different countries and at  different times.

Most primary schools have been co-educational for a long time since it was believed that there is no reason to educate females separately from males before the age of puberty. Also, the curriculum in primary schools is not controversial since it emphasizes reading, writing, and arithmetic, with some elementary knowledge of geography and history. In some countries, it includes some religious and cultural education.

However, before the mid-19th century, girls were often educated at home or not educated at all. On that point, there were great differences in different parts of the world. In England and Wales, universal primary education was set up by the Elementary Education Act of 1870, and attendance from the ages of 5 to 10 was compulsory. That was extended in another Act of 1880. Since then. almost all primary education in the United Kingdom has been co-educational, as it is in many other countries.

With secondary education, children go through the process of puberty, and there is no general agreement as to whether both sexes should be educated together. People make arguments both for and against the idea. At one extreme is the United States in which both sexes are usually educated together at all stages. At the other extreme are certain traditional societies in which girls do not get a secondary education at all. The tendency has been for more countries to move to co-education as the standard at every level of education. An exception would be the Islamic world, where girls are educated separately from boys or even not educated at all.

The world's oldest co-educational school may be Archbishop Tenison's Church of England High School, Croydon. It was established in 1714 in  what in Surrey but is now in South London. It has admitted both boys and girls since its opening. It has always been a day school only and is thought that to be the oldest surviving mixed-sex school in the world.

## Related pages

- Gender equality
The Temple Institute

**The Temple Institute** ( – __) is a museum, research institute and education center in Old City of Jerusalem. It was established in 1987 by Rabbi Yisrael Ariel. The institute is dedicated to the two Temples in Jerusalem (called the First and Second Temples). Rabbi Ariel plans to rebuild the Second Temple on the man-made plateau the Jews call the Temple Mount. The site is currently occupied by an Islamic shrine, the Dome of the Rock. The institute has collected tens of thousands of dollars, mostly from Jews in the United States. This is in spite of the fact that rebuilding the temple of Herod, destroyed by the Romans in 79 AD, would almost certainly cause a major war. In 2014, the government of Jordan sent a letter to the State of Israel warning them to guard against any attacks by extremist groups against the Temple Mount.

## Other websites

- The Temple Institute

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: The Temple Institute
- **image**: מכון המקדש 2016 - 1.jpg
- **established**: 1987
- **location**: 40 Misgav Ladach st. Jerusalem
- **type**: Art museum, Art and History museum, History
- **website**: http://www.templeinstitute.org/
Bathory

The word **Bathory** may refer to:

- Bathory (band), a Swedish black metal and Viking metal band
- The Báthory family, a Hungarian noble family
Nordland I

***Nordland I*** is the eleventh studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released on 18 November 2002 through Black Mark Productions The album is mainly viking metal, so the songs have lyrics about Norse mythology. The album was the first in a two-album set, and no plans for Nordland III ever existed.

## People

- Quorthon – all instruments
- Kristian Wåhlin – album cover artwork

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Nordland I
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Bathory (band), Bathory
- **released**: 18 November 2002
- **recorded**: July–September 2002
- **genre**: Viking metal
- **length**: 59:21
- **label**: Black Mark Productions, Black Mark
- **producer**: Borje Forsberg, Quorthon
- **prev title**: Destroyer of Worlds
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: Nordland II
- **next year**: 2003
Blood Fire Death

**Blood Fire Death** is the fourth studio album by the Swedish extreme metal band Bathory. It was released on 8 October 1988, through the music label of Under One Flag. The album is mainly black metal, but it is sometimes called the first viking metal album. In 2009, IGN included _Blood Fire Death_ in their "10 Great Black Metal Albums" list.

## People

- Quorthon – guitar and vocals
- Vvornth – drums
- Kothaar – bass
- Peter Nicolai Arbo – album cover painting, _The Wild Hunt of Odin (Åsgårdsreien)_
- Pelle Matteus – sleeve photography

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Blood Fire Death
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Bathory (band), Bathory
- **cover**: Bathory - Blood Fire Death.jpg
- **released**: 8 October 1988
- **recorded**: February 1988 in
Stockholm, Sweden
- **genre**: Viking metal, black metal
- **length**: 45:41
- **label**: Under One Flag
- **producer**: Quorthon and Boss Forsberg
- **prev title**: Under the Sign of the Black Mark
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: Hammerheart
- **next year**: 1990
Quorthon

**Tomas "Ace" Börje Forsberg** (often called **Quorthon**;born on 17 February 1966 in Sweden) was a Swedish musician. He was the founder and songwriter for the extreme metal band Bathory. Bathory was known for laying out the groundwork for black metal and later viking metal. Quorthon was a multi-instrumentalist. He wrote all the music and lyrics for Bathory, and on some albums he played all the instruments (guitar, bass, drums, etc.). He also made solo albums. Quorthon died around 3 June 2004 in Stockholm, Sweden. He died of heart failure.

## Other websites

- Bathory on Allmusic
- Official Myspace page
Black Magic (Little Mix song)

**"Black Magic"** is a dance pop song by the girl group Little Mix. The song is of using magic to promote love. It was released as the lead single from their third studio album _Get Weird_.

The song has many versions. One of them is four minutes long.

## Critical reception

Upon its release, "Black Magic" was liked by music critics. The song was influenced by 1980s music. On the UK Singles Chart, the song reached #1. It also reached the Top 10 in some other countries. However, the song only reached #68 on _Billboard_ Hot 100.
Multi-party system

A **multi-party system** is a system where multiple political parties take part in national elections. Each party has its own views. A lot of countries that use this system have a coalition government, meaning many parties are in control, and they all work together to make laws. Good examples of countries that have this system include Brazil, Denmark, Finland,  Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia,  Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Philippines, and South Korea. There is no limit to the number of parties that can take part in a British election, but the government must command a majority in the House of Commons, and is usually formed from one party.
Reykjanesbær

**Reykjanesbær** is a municipality in south western Iceland. It is made up of the towns Keflavík, Njarðvík, the village of Hafnir and Ásbrú. The municipality was created in 1995. Reykjanesbær is the fifth largest municipality in Iceland. It has a population of 14,527 people.

## Other websites

- Official website
Thinis

**Thinis** or **This** (Egyptian: **Tjenu**) was the capital city of the first dynasties of ancient Egypt. The actual site of Thinis has not yet been discovered. Ancient writers, such as Manetho, said it was the centre of the Thinite Confederacy. Their leader Menes (or Narmer), united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. In the Third Dynasty the capital was moved to Memphis. This meant that Thinis was no longer important. It still played a role in administration  becauset was close to border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period. It was also near oases of  military importance, during the Old and New Kingdoms. Thinis lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period.

Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre. It was the home to the tomb and mummy of the local god.  In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the _Book of the Dead_, Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.

The exact site of Thinis is unknown. Historians believe its was near ancient Abydos and modern Girga.

## References

- Gardiner, Sir Alan Henderson. _Egypt of the pharaohs: An introduction_, Oxford University Press, 1964, Oxford. https://books.google.com/books?id=lzhBbsElbKAC&vq=Thinis, isbn 978-0-19-500267-6
- Massey, Gerald. _Ancient Egypt: The light of the world_, T. Fisher Unwin, Vol 2, 1907, London, https://books.google.com/books?id=peLVNWKd_zAC
- Ryholt, K. S. B., _The political situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 – 1550 BC_, Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, Copenhagen, https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&dq=thinis isbn 87-7289-421-0
- Strudwick, Nigel C., _Texts from the pyramid age, Society of Biblical Literature_, 2005, Atlanta, https://books.google.com/books?id=sgoVryxihuMC isbn 978-1-58983-138-4

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Thinis
- **native name**: Tjenu
- **native name lang**: egy
- **settlement type**: Lost city
- **pushpin map**: Egypt
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Approximate location (at Girga) in modern Egypt
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Ancient Egypt
- **subdivision type1**: Nome (Egypt), Nome
- **subdivision name1**: Nome (Egypt)#Upper Egypt, Nome VIII of Upper Egypt
- **government type**: Nomarch (Old Kingdom)
Mayor (New Kingdom)
- **established title**: Earliest evidence
- **established date**: c. 4000 BCE
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
Khayu

**Khayu** is a king from the Early Dynastic Period who ruled in Lower Egypt. The only mention of his name is on the Palermo Stone. there are no other records of Khayu. He could be a mythical king preserved through ancient stories, or may even be completely fictitious.
Božo Bakota

**Božo Bakota** (5 October 1950 – 1 October 2015) was a Croatian footballer. He played as a forward and midfielder professionally between 1971 and 1986. He played for NK Zagreb and SK Sturm Graz. He also played for the Yugoslavia national team in 1978. He was born in Zagreb.

Bakota died on 1 October 2015 in Graz, Austria. He was 64.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Božo Bakota
- **image**: Božo Bakota2.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Bakota in 1978
- **birth place**: Zagreb, People's Republic of Croatia, PR Croatia, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, FPR Yugoslavia
- **position**: Midfielder, Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1970–1971
- **clubs1**: NK Mladost Buzin
- **years2**: 1971–1980
- **clubs2**: NK Zagreb
- **caps2**: 195
- **goals2**: 53
- **years3**: 1980–1986
- **clubs3**: SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz
- **caps3**: 167
- **goals3**: 86
- **years4**: 1986–1987
- **clubs4**: FC Fürstenfeld
- **years5**: 1988–1990
- **clubs5**: Toronto Croatia
- **years6**: 1990–1991
- **clubs6**: SV Wildon
- **totalcaps**: 362
- **totalgoals**: 139
- **nationalyears1**: 1978
- **nationalteam1**: Yugoslavia national football team, Yugoslavia
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Cartouche

A **cartouche** is a hieroglyphic symbol of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh. It is oval with a horizontal line at one end, showing that the text enclosed is a royal name.

It starts to be used at the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu. The cartouche is usually vertical with a horizontal line, but it is horizontal if it makes the name fit better, with a vertical line on the left. The Ancient Egyptian word for it was _shenu_. In demotic writing, the cartouche was reduced to a pair of brackets and a vertical line.

Of the five royal titles it was the _prenomen_, the throne name, and the "Son of Ra" titulary, the so-called _nomen_ name given at birth, which were enclosed by a cartouche.

At times amulets were given the form of a cartouche displaying the name of a king and placed in tombs. Such items are often important to archaeologists for dating the tomb and its contents. Cartouches were only worn by pharaohs.
Amarna period

The **Amarna period** was an era of Ancient Egypt in the last half of the Eighteenth dynasty.

The royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna. It was marked by the reign of Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten (1353–1336 BC). This was to underline the dramatic change of Egypt's polytheistic religion into one where the sun disc Aten was worshipped over all other gods. Aten was not solely worshipped (the religion was not monotheistic), but other gods were worshipped to a significantly lesser degree. The Egyptian pantheon of the equality of all gods and goddesses was restored under Akhenaten's successor.

During Akhenaten's reign, royal portraiture changed.  Sculptures of Akhenaten are different from those of earlier pharaohs.  Akhenaten is shown in an androgynous (less manly) and stylized manner, with large thighs, a slim torso, drooping belly, full lips, and a long neck and nose. Some believe that the break with convention was due to "the presence at Amarna of new people or groups of artists whose background and training were different from those of the Karnak sculptors".

The events following Akhenaten's death are unclear and the identity and policies of his co-regent and immediate successor Smenkhkare are unclear.

## Tutankhamun and the Amarna succession

Tutankhamun died before he was twenty years old, and the dynasty's final years clearly were shaky. The royal line of the dynasty died out with Tutankhamun. Two fetuses found buried in his tomb may have been his twin daughters who would have continued the royal lineage, according to a 2008 investigation.

The last two members of the eighteenth dynasty – Ay and Horemheb – became rulers from the ranks of officials in the royal court. Ay may have married the widow of Tutankhamun in order to get power and she did not live long afterward. Ay's reign was short. His successor was Horemheb, a general in the Egyptian army, who had been a diplomat in the administration of Tutankhamun. He may have been named as a successor by the childless Tutankhamun. Horemheb may have taken the throne away from Ay in a coup. He also died childless and appointed his successor, Paramessu who, under the name Ramesses I, ascended the throne in 1292 BC. He was the first pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty.
Kirsten Holmstedt

**Kirsten A. Holmstedt** is an American author and journalist. She has written for newspapers, magazines and business publications. Holmstead is the author of two books on women in the military.

## Early life

She was born and grew up in Mystic, Connecticut, USA. In 1985 she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism  from Drake University. In 2006, she earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in creative non-fiction from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.

## Career

Besides two books on women and the military, she has written other articles on military issues. She left her job as a public information officer for Coastal Carolina Community College in Jacksonville, North Carolina to be a freelance writer.

## Awards

- 2007 Golden Quill Award, American Authors Association
- 2007 Founder's Award, Military Writer's Society of America

## Other websites

- Biography on Shesource.com
- Discussion of Band of Sisters on C-SPAN
Donna Shalala

**Donna Edna Shalala** ( ; born February 14, 1941) is an American politician. She was the United States representative of Florida's 27th congressional district from January 3, 2019 to January 3, 2021.

She served as United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. She was the president of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, from 2001 through 2015.

In August 2018, she became the Democratic nominee for Florida's 27th Congressional District. She won the general election on November 6, 2018. She lost her re-election in 2020 to Republican Maria Elvira Salazar.

## Other websites

- President Donna E. Shalala’s Biography at the University of Miami .
- "America's Best Leaders: Q&A with Donna Shalala, President of the University of Miami, _U.S. News & World Report_, October 22, 2005.
- Donna Shalala   Video produced by _Makers: Women Who Make America_
- President Donna E. Shalala Collection, 1980-1988, Hunter College Archives and Special Collections

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Donna Shalala
- **image**: Donna Shalala, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg
- **state**: Florida
- **term start**: January 3, 2019
- **term end**: January 3, 2021
- **predecessor**: Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
- **successor**: Maria Elvira Salazar
- **office1**: President of the Clinton Foundation
- **term start1**: March 6, 2015
- **term end1**: April 25, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Bruce Lindsey
- **successor1**: Kevin Thurm
- **office2**: 5th President of the University of Miami
- **term start2**: June 1, 2001
- **term end2**: August 16, 2015
- **predecessor2**: Edward T. Foote II
- **successor2**: Julio Frenk
- **office3**: 18th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
- **president3**: Bill Clinton
- **term start3**: January 22, 1993
- **term end3**: January 20, 2001
- **predecessor3**: Louis Wade Sullivan
- **successor3**: Tommy Thompson
- **office4**: List of presidents and chancellors of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin, Madison
- **term start4**: January 1, 1988
- **term end4**: January 22, 1993
- **predecessor4**: Bernard Cecil Cohen
- **successor4**: David Ward (university president), David Ward
- **birth name**: Donna Edna Shalala
- **birth place**: Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Western College for Women, Western College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
J. Whyatt Mondesire

**J. Whyatt Mondesire** (October 10, 1949 – October 4, 2015) was an American journalist and civil rights activist. He was a reporter at _The Philadelphia Inquirer_ during the early career. He now owns the _Philadelphia Sun_ newspaper. He was president of the Philadelphia branch of the NAACP for over ten years.

Mondesire died in Philadelphia from a brain aneurysm, aged 65.

## Other websites

- Philadelphia NAACP Official Website
- The Philadelphia Sun website
Rusty Staub

**Daniel Joseph "Rusty" Staub** (April 1, 1944 – March 29, 2018) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder, designated hitter, and first baseman and philanthropist. He has a 23-year baseball career with 5 different teams. He was an original member of the Montreal Expos.

Staub also played for the Houston Colt .45s, the New York Mets, the Detroit Tigers and the New York Yankees.

On April 4, 1986, Staub established the Rusty Staub Foundation to provide educational scholarships for youth and fight hunger.

In 1986, Staub founded the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund, which supports the families of New York City police officers, firefighters, Port Authority police, and emergency medical personnel who were killed in the line of duty.

In July 2006, Staub teamed with Mascot Books to publish his first children's book, _Hello, Mr. Met_.

Staub died on March 29, 2018 of multiple organ failure complicated by respiratory tract infection-related pneumonia in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 73.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Rusty Staub
- **image**: Rusty Staub 2010 CROP.jpg
- **caption**: Staub at Citi Field in 2010.
- **position**: Right fielder / Designated hitter / First baseman
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana
- **death place**: West Palm Beach, Florida, West Palm Beach, Florida
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: April 9
- **debutyear**: 1963
- **debutteam**: Houston Colt .45s
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: October 6
- **finalyear**: 1985
- **finalteam**: New York Mets
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .279
- **stat2label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat2value**: 2,716
- **stat3label**: Home runs
- **stat3value**: 292
- **stat4label**: Runs batted in
- **stat4value**: 1,466
- **teams**: * Houston Astros, Houston Colt .45s / Astros (–)
* Montreal Expos (–)
* New York Mets (–)
* Detroit Tigers (–)
* Montreal Expos ()
* Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers ()
* New York Mets (–)
- **highlights**: * 6× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1967 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1967–1971 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1971, 1976 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1976)
* Montreal Expos#Retired numbers, Montreal Expos #10 retired
* New York Mets Hall of Fame
LP1 (Joss Stone album)

***LP1*** is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 21 July 2011 on Stone's own label, Stone'd Records, after she had left her label EMI in 2010.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of _LP1_.

- Joss Stone – vocals, executive producer, production
- Tom Bukovac – guitar
- Kristin Burns – photography
- Tom Coyne – mastering
- Chad Cromwell – drums, percussion
- Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar
- Steve Greenwell – additional engineering, mixing
- Dave Kaplan – executive producer
- John McBride – engineering

- Wendy Moten – backing vocals
- Brian Nelson – executive producer
- Luke Potter – additional guitar
- Drea Rhenee – backing vocals
- Michael Rhodes – bass
- Mike Rojas – keyboards
- Dave Stewart – cover photo, guitar, production
- Kevin Tetreault – design, layout

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2011)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|58||||
|1||||
|15||||
|12||||
|39||||
|15||||
|38||||
|6||||
|46||||
|5||||
|80||||
|153||||
|30||||
|58||||
|2||||
|36||||
|7||||
|9||||
|2||||
|3||||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2011)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|14||||
|88||||
|81||||

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format|scope="col"|Label|scope="col"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|21 July 2011|CD||align="center"|||||||
|rowspan="3"|22 July 2011||Sony|align="center"||||||
|Digital download|rowspan="3"||align="center"|||||||
|CD|align="center"|||||||||
|24 July 2011|Digital download|align="center"||||||||
|rowspan="6"|25 July 2011|CD|Universal|align="center"||||||
|rowspan="4"|Digital download|rowspan="6"||align="center"||||||
|align="center"||||||||||
|align="center"||||||||||
|align="center"||||||||||
||align="center"|||||||||
|rowspan="3"|26 July 2011||align="center"|||||||
|CD|Edel|align="center"||||||||
|||align="center"||||||||
|29 July 2011||Universal|align="center"|||||||
|24 August 2011|CD|Victor Entertainment|align="center"|||||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: LP1
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joss Stone
- **prev title**: Colour Me Free!
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009
- **next year**: 2011
Betty Williams (peace activist)

**Betty Williams** (22 May 1943 – 17 March 2020) was a Northern Irish peace activist. She was born in Belfast. She started the organization "Community of Peace People", who worked toward getting peace in Northern Ireland. In 1976, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Mairead Corrigan, who also co-founded the organization.

Williams died on 17 March 2020 in Belfast at the age of 76.

## Other websites

- Nobel Committee information on 1976 Peace Laureates
- Short biography
- Peace People in Northern Ireland – a socialist position

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Betty Williams
- **image**: Betty Williams, Women's World Awards 2009 c.jpg
- **caption**: Betty Williams in 2009
- **birth place**: Belfast, Northern Ireland
- **death place**: Belfast, Northern Ireland
- **known for**: Community of Peace People
- **spouse**: Ralph Williams, James Perkins
- **awards**: Nobel Peace Prize, 1976
Second Dynasty of Egypt

The **Second Dynasty** ruled ancient Egypt from c. 2890 to c. 2686 BC It is the second dynasty of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. During this time the seat of government was centred at Thinis. Very little is known about this period in ancient Egyptian history.

There is very little archaeological evidence of the time. But to compare the differences between the First and Third Dynasties shows that there must have important institutional and economic developments during the Second Dynasty.

## Rulers

The names of the rulers of the Second Dynasty is not known exactly. Most sources agree on the names of the first pharaohs. These are:
|width="60%"|Name|Years Reigned|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Hotepsekhemwy|38||
|Nebra (maybe identifiable with Weneg)|10–14||
|Nynetjer|40||
|Senedj (maybe identifiable with Horus Sa)|20||

The names of the next two or three rulers is unclear. We may have both the Horus-name or _Nebty_ (meaning _two ladies_) name _and_ their birth names for these rulers, however they may be entirely different individuals; or they may be legendary names. On the left are the rulers most Egyptologists place here; on the right are the names from Manetho's _Aegyptica_:
|width="60%"|Proposed Ruler|Manetho's List|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Seth-Peribsen|Kaires||
||Nepherkheres||
|Sekhemib-Perenmaat|Sesokhris||

With the last ruler, we return to an agreement:
|width="60%"|Name|Years Reigned|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Khasekhemwy|17–18||

Manetho wrote that the capital was at Thinis, the same as during the First Dynasty. However, at least the first three kings were buried at Saqqara. This could mean the center of power had moved to Memphis. Beyond this, little can be said about the events during this period. The annual records on the Palermo Stone only survive for the end of the reign of Nebra and for parts of Nynetjer's. One important event possibly happened during the reign of Khasekhemwy: many Egyptologists read his name ("the Two Powers arise") as commemorating the union of the Upper and Lower Egypts.
Emilia Clarke

**Emilia Clarke** (born 23 October 1986) is an English actress. She played Sarah Connor in _Terminator Genisys_ and Holly Golightly in the stage play for _Breakfast at Tiffany's_. In the Home Box Office television series, _Game of Thrones_, she played Daenerys Targaryen. Clarke was nominated twice for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013 and in 2015. Clarke was born in London.

## Weblinks

- Emilia clarke on fernsehserien.tv

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emilia Clarke
- **image**: Emilia Clarke Dior Rose des Vents.jpg
- **caption**: Emilia Clarke in 2015
- **birth place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2009–present
- **alma mater**: Drama Centre London
Water for Your Soul

***Water for Your Soul*** is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 31 July 2015 by her own label, Stone'd Records.

## Critical reception

_Water for Your Soul_ received mixed to positive reviews from music critics.

## Track listing

- Sample credits
- "Harry's Symphony" contains samples from "Here I Come" by Barrington Levy, "Young Lover" by Cocoa Tea, "Be Careful" by Matthew McAnuff and "Bad Boys" by Inner Circle

## Charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2015)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|11||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Water for Your Soul
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joss Stone
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2012–2015
- **length**: 64:10
- **label**: Stone'd Records, Stone'd
- **prev title**: The Soul Sessions Vol. 2
- **prev year**: 2012
Control (Janet Jackson album)

***Control*** is the third studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. It was released on February 4, 1986, by A&M Records. It was her first album after she had fired her father, Joseph Jackson as her manager. Since the album's release it has been certified platinum. It is one of her most known albums. It has sold over 14 million copies worldwide.

## Reviews

_Control_ received positive reviews from music critics.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Control
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Janet Jackson
- **recorded**: August – October 1985
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **prev title**: Dream Street (Janet Jackson album), Dream Street
(1984)
- **next title**: Control: The Remixes
(1987)
Janet Remixed

***Janet Remixed*** is the second remix album by American recording artist Janet Jackson. Released on March 13, 1995 by Virgin.

## Personnel

- Jeff Bender – Photography
- Brothers in Rhythm –  Producer, Remixing (Track 2)
- Terry Burrus – Piano (Track 3)
- Steve Burton – Keyboards (Track 7)
- Peter Daou – Keyboards (Track 3)
- Dave Darlington – Remix (Track 1)
- Marius De Vries – Programming (Track 8)
- Patrick Demarchelier – Photography
- Tom Dolan – Design
- E-Smoove – Producer, Remixing (Track 6)
- René Elizondo, Jr. – Photography
- Flea – Engineer (Track 10)
- Kenny "Dope" Gonzales – Drums (Track 1)
- Jossie Harris – Vocals (Track 5)
- Steve Hodge – Mixing
- Nellee Hooper – Producer, Remixing (Track 8)
- Janet Jackson – Producer (Tracks 1–3, 5–8, 10, 11)
- Jimmy Jam – Producer (Tracks 1–9, 11)
- Sandy Jenkins – Assistant Engineer (Track 1)
- Jellybean Johnson – Producer (Track 10)
- R. Kelly – Producer, Remixing (Track 11)
- Frankie Knuckles – Remixing (Track 3)
- Tina Landon – Vocals (Track 5)
- Terry Lewis Producer (Track 1-9, 11)

- Richard Lowe – Remix Engineer (Track 7)
- CJ Mackintosh – Drums, Keyboards, Remixing (Tracks 1, 7)
- MC Lyte – Rap (Track 6)
- Peter Mokran – Engineer (Track 11)
- David Morales – Percussion, Remixing (Tracks 3, 5)
- Dave Navarro – Engineer, Lead Guitar (Track 10)
- Len Peltier – Art Direction
- John Poppo – Engineer (Track 3)
- Dave Rideau – Mixing (Tracks 1–3, 5–11)
- Herb Ritts – Photography
- Alan Sanderson – Second Engineer (Track 10)
- David Schiffman – Remix Engineer (Track 10)
- Peter "Ski" Schwartz – Keyboards (Track 5)
- Paul Shapiro – Saxophone (Track 5)
- Chad Smith – Engineer (track 10)
- Lem Springsteen – Keyboards (Track 5)
- Al Stone – Engineer (Track 8)
- David Sussman – Engineer (Track 5)
- Dom T. – Additional Keyboards (Track 8)
- Satoshi Tomiie – Keyboards (Tracks 3, 5)
- "Little" Louie Vega – Keyboards (Track 1)
- Ellen von Unwerth – Photography
- Danny Weatherspoon – Keyboards (Track 6)
- Steve Weeder – Engineer (Track 6)
- Paul Wright – Engineer (Track 2)

## Charts

|scope="col"|Chart (1995)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|64||||
|27||||
|61||||
|15||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Janet Remixed
- **type**: remix
- **artist**: Janet Jackson
- **recorded**: 1992–1994
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **prev title**: janet.
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Design of a Decade: 1986–1996
- **next year**: 1995
Hereditary haemochromatosis

**Hereditary haemochromatosis** is a disease caused by a genetic disorder in which a person accumulates a dangerous level of iron in a body.

Humans, cannot quickly expel extra iron. Therefore extra iron accumulates in tissues and organs and harms the bodies normal function.

The hereditary form of the disease is most common among those of Northern European ancestry, in particular those of Celtic descent. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
The Soul Sessions

***The Soul Sessions*** is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 16 September 2003 by S-Curve Records and EMI/Virgin Records.

## Background

When _The Soul Sessions_ was released on 16 September 2003. At the time Stone was just 16 years old. The album took four days to record. The songs on the album are cover versions of classic soul songs.

## Reviews

_The Soul Sessions_ received positive reviews from music critics.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Soul Sessions
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joss Stone
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 9 April – 12 May 2003
- **next title**: Mind Body & Soul
- **next year**: 2004
Vyasa

**Vyasa** (, , literally “Compiler”) is an important figure in most Hindu traditions. He is sometimes called **Veda Vyāsa** (वेदव्यास, _veda-vyāsa_, "the one who classified the Vedas") or **Krishna Dvaipāyana** (referring to his complexion and birthplace). He is the author of the _Mahabharata_. He is also a character in it. He is considered to be the scribe of both the Vedas and Puranas. According to Hindu beliefs, Vyasa is an avatar of the god Vishnu. Vyasa is also considered to be one of the seven Chiranjivins (long lived, or immortals), who are still in existence according to Hindu belief.

Vyasa lived around the 3rd millennium BCE. The festival of _Guru Purnima_ is dedicated to him. It is also known as _Vyasa Purnima_, for it is the day believed to be both his birthday and the day he divided the Vedas.

## In the Mahabharata

Vyasa appears for the first time as the compiler of, and an important character in, the _Mahabharata_. It is said that he was the expansion of the god Vishnu who came in Dwaparayuga to make all the Vedic knowledge available in writing which was available in only in spoken form at that time. He was the son of Satyavati, daughter of the fisherman Dusharaj, and the wandering sage Parashara. He is credited with being the author of the first Purana, Vishnu Purana. There are two different views regarding the place of his birth. Some consider that he was born on an island in the Yamuna river.  While many other facts suggests that he was born in an island nearby the confluence of Seti (white) and Madi (Black) river which is situated in present day Tanahun of Nepal. Vyasa had a dark complexion and may be called by the name _Krishna_ (black), and also the name _Dwaipayana_, meaning 'island-born'.
The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009

***The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009*** is the first greatest hits album by English recording artist Joss Stone, released on 23 September 2011 by Virgin and EMI. The album was going to be called _Super Duper Hits: The Best of Joss Stone_,

## Background

_The Best of Joss Stone 2003-2009_ is filled with songs from all of Stone's albums that she released with Virgin and EMI, the album was released without Stone's permission, to which she commented to in an interview about how she didn't like the original title that the album would have been called.

## Charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2011)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|8||||
|58||||
|4||||
|8||||
|98||||
|57||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009
- **type**: greatest hits
- **artist**: Joss Stone
- **recorded**: 2003–2009
- **genre**: * Jazz-funk
* Soul music, soul
* Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **producer**: * Steve Greenberg (record producer), Steve Greenberg
* Jamie Hartman
* Michael Mangini
* Conner Reeves
* Raphael Saadiq
* Jonathan Shorten
* Sacha Skarbek
* Joss Stone
* Questlove, Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson
* Betty Wright
- **prev title**: LP1 (Joss Stone album), LP1
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: The Soul Sessions Vol. 2
- **next year**: 2012
The Soul Sessions Vol. 2

***The Soul Sessions Vol. 2*** is the sixth studio album by English singer-songwriter Joss Stone, released on 20 July 2012 by S-Curve Records and her own label, Stone'd Records.

## Background

Like her debut album _The Soul Sessions_ (2003) where the songs were covers of classic soul songs, _The Soul Sessions Vol. 2_s songs are covers of soul and R&B songs that were originally made during the 1970s.

## Reviews

_The Soul Sessions Vol. 2_ received positive reviews from music critics.

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2012)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|5||||
|42||||
|1||||
|6||||
|25||||
|44||||
|23||||
|2||||
|82||||
|7||||
|62||||
|24||||
|35||||
|5||||
|6||||
|3||||
|10||||
|3||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Soul Sessions Vol. 2
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Joss Stone
- **prev title**: The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: Water for Your Soul
- **next year**: 2015
Jos Vandeloo

**Josephus Albertus "Jos" Vandeloo** (Zonhoven, 5 September 1925 - 5 October 2015) was a Belgian writer and poet. His career began in the 1950s. He became well known with the stories _De muur_ (E: The wall) en _Het gevaar_ (E: The danger).

## Other websites

- Jos Vandeloo
- Jos Vandeloo
- G.J. van Bork en P.J. Verkruijsse, De Nederlandse en Vlaamse auteurs (1985)
José Eduardo Dutra

**José Eduardo Dutra** (11 April 1957 – 4 October 2015) was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He joined Petrobras in 1983, and served as CEO from 2003 to 2005. He returned to the company in 2012, after a two year stint as the president of the Workers' Party. He was elected to the Federal Senate in 1994 and served until his death in 2015.

Dutra died of cancer in Belo Horizonte, aged 58.