juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rebecca St. James

**Rebecca St. James** (born **Rebecca Jean Smallbone**; 26 July 1977) is a Christian rock singer. She is signed to Forefront Records.

St. James has sold a total of two million albums.

## Personal life

St. James is originally from Australia.  She now lives in Nashville, Tennessee. Her brothers are Joel and Luke Smallbone from the band for King & Country.

On 3 January 2011 she announced her engagement to Jacob Fink.  He is the bassist of the band Foster the People.  The couple were married on 23 April 2011 at the Junípero Serra Museum in San Diego, California.

## Awards

- 2000: Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album – _Pray_
- 2002: GMA Dove Award for Special Event Album of the Year – _Prayer of Jabez_
- 2004: GMA Dove Award for Special Event Album of the Year – _!Hero_
- 2006: GMA Dove Award for Special Event Album of the Year – _Music Inspired by The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe_

## Discography

- 1991: _Refresh My Heart_
- 1994: _Rebecca St. James_
- 1996: _God_
- 1997: _Christmas
- 1998: _Pray_
- 2000: _Transform_
- 2002: _Worship God_
- 2005: _If I Had One Chance to Tell You Something_
- 2011: _I Will Praise You_

## Bibliography

|Year|Title|ISBN||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1996/2001|_40 Days with God: A Devotional Journey_|,|
||1997|_You're the Voice: 40 More Days with God_||
||2002|_Wait For Me: Rediscovering the Joy of Purity in Romance_||
||2003|_Wait For Me Journal: Thoughts For My Future Husband_||
||2004|_SHE: Safe, Healthy, Empowered — The Woman You're Made To Be_||
|rowspan="3"|2005|_SHE Teen: Safe, Healthy, Empowered_, co-authored with Lynda Hunter Bjorklund||
|_Wait For Me Study Guide: Discover the Power of Purity_||||
|_Sister Freaks|Sister Freaks: Stories of Women Who Gave Up Everything for God''|||
||2008|_Pure_|,|
||2009|_Loved: Stories of Forgiveness_||
||2011|_What Is He Thinking?_|,|

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2000|_Left Behind: The Movie_|Camera Coordinator for GNN|
|2001|_The First Easter_|Mary Magdalene (voice)|
|2004|_An Easter Carol_|Hope, the Music Box Angel (voice)|
|2004|_!Hero_|Maggie|
|2006|_Unidentified_|Colleen|
|2009|_Sarah's Choice_|Sarah Collins|
|2010|_Rising Stars_|Kari|
|2011|_The Frontier Boys_|Judy Bracken|
|2011|_Suing the Devil_|Jasmine Williams|
|TBA|_Faith of Our Fathers_|Annie|
|2013|_A Strange Brand of Happy_|Joyce Heller|
|2024|_Unsung Hero_|Rebecca St. SmallBone/Rebecca St. James|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Rebecca St. James
- **image**: RebeccaStJamesApril2007.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Rebecca Jean Smallbone
- **origin**: Sydney, Australia
- **instrument**: Singing
- **genre**: Contemporary Christian music, Christian pop, Christian rock
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, author, actress
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **label**: ForeFront Records,  Beach Street Records, Beach Street/Reunion Records, Reunion
- **associated acts**: For King & Country (band), for King & Country, BarlowGirl
Metalloid

A **metalloid** is a type of chemical element. Metalloids are elements that have the properties of both metal and non-metal elements. It might be shiny, but brittle. It might be dull, but conduct electricity.

Metalloids are also sometimes called semimetals, especially in older sources. The term "metalloid" is preferred because "semimetal" has a different meaning in physics.

The most common metalloid is silicon. Silicon has electrical conductivity between metals and nonmetals. It is a semiconductor.

## Elements

There is no single definition of a "metalloid", and different sources include different elements in the category. The periodic table here shows the dividing line between metals and nonmetals, with colored cells showing elements that are sometimes called metalloids.

The six green elements - boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium - are the most common group of metalloids, and are almost always called such.

Polonium and astatine are both very radioactive synthetic elements, so it is hard to study their chemistry or physical properties. Selenium has a mixture of properties of metals and nonmetals, and is sometimes counted as a metalloid. Carbon and aluminium are usually considered a nonmetal and a metal, but are metalloids according to some specific definitions.

Specific definitions of a metalloid can also include elements not in this chart.
Photodetector

A **photocell**, also known as a **photoresistor**, is an electronic component, device that changes its electrical conductivity when light shines on it. In the picture, the electricity flows through the reddish part. Normally, when light shines on it, then more electricity flows through. When it is dark, almost no electricity flows through. Selenium can be used to make photocells, although some other chemicals can be used.

Semiconductors are used to make photocells. When the light shines into the photocell, it "loosen"s the electrons, allowing them to flow and make an electrical current.

## Related pages

- Resistor
- Capacitor
Selenium dioxide

**Selenium dioxide**, also known as **selenious oxide**, **selenous oxide**, or **selenium(IV) oxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SeO<sub>2</sub>. It contains selenium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains oxide ions. It is toxic.

## Properties

Selenium dioxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make selenous acid. It easily evaporates. The vapor smells like horseradish sauce. It can burn the nose. It reacts with bases to make selenites.

## Preparation

Selenium dioxide can be made by burning selenium in air. It can also be made by reacting selenium with nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide. Another way to make it is to heat selenous acid.

## Occurrence

Selenium dioxide is very rare as a mineral. It only is in places where coal caught on fire and the selenides were oxidized to selenium dioxide.

## Uses

Selenium dioxide is used in making organic compounds. Selenium dioxide is used as a coloring in glass. Cobalt in glass makes a blue color. When a little selenium dioxide is added, the glass becomes colorless. When more selenium dioxide is added, the glass becomes ruby red.

## Safety

Selenium dioxide can dissolve in water to make toxic selenium compounds. Swallowing any more than a very tiny amount can cause selenium poisoning. Selenium dioxide is a weak oxidizing agent and does not catch things on fire.

## Related pages

- Selenium trioxide
- Selenic acid
Selenium oxide

**Selenium oxide** may refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Selenium dioxide, weak oxidizing agent, stable, +4 oxidation state
- Selenium trioxide, strong oxidizing agent, unstable, +6 oxidation state
Selenium trioxide

**Selenium trioxide**, also known as **selenium(VI) oxide** and **selenic oxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SeO<sub>3</sub>. It contains selenium in its +6 oxidation state. It also contains oxide ions.

## Properties

Selenium trioxide is a white solid. It evaporates easily. It dissolves easily in water. It is not stable and breaks down to make selenium dioxide and oxygen when it is heated. It is a powerful oxidizing agent like all selenates. It dissolves in water to make selenic acid.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting potassium selenate with sulfur dioxide. It can also be made by dehydrating (removing the water from) selenic acid with a strong dessicant, like phosphorus(V) oxide.

## Related pages

- Selenium(I) chloride
Selenide

**Selenide** is an ion. Its chemical formula is Se<sup>2–</sup>. Selenides are similar to sulfides. Selenides are reducing agents when pure. They are stronger reducing agents than sulfides. Selenide ores are the source of selenium. Selenides are normally mixed with sulfides. The selenide ion is unstable except in very basic conditions. Normally hydroselenide is made, which is HSe<sup>-</sup>. In acidic conditions, hydrogen selenide gas is made.

## Related pages

- Selenite
- Selenate
Hydroselenide

**Hydroselenide** is an ion. Its chemical formula is HSe<sup>-</sup>. Hydroselenides are normally made in neutral or slightly basic conditions. If it is very basic, selenides are made. If it is acidic, hydrogen selenide is made.

## Related pages

- Selenate
- Selenite
Hydrogen selenide

**Hydrogen selenide**, also known as **hydroselenic acid**, **selenium hydride**, or **selane**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is H<sub>2</sub>Se. It is an acid. It contains hydrogen and selenide ions.

## Properties

Hydrogen selenide is a colorless gas that dissolves in water to make an acidic solution. It smells like rotten horseradish. It is very toxic. It burns easily, making selenium dioxide. It is similar to hydrogen sulfide, a gas that smells like rotten eggs. It is a strong reducing agent.

## Preparation

Hydrogen selenide can be made by hydrolysis of aluminium selenide. This reaction also makes aluminium hydroxide. It can be made by reacting hydrogen with powdered selenium at a high temperature.

## Uses

It can be used to add selenide ion to organic compounds. It can also be used to make selenium by reacting it with sulfur dioxide. This makes selenium, sulfur, and water.

## Related pages

- Selenous acid
- Selenic acid
Aluminium selenide

**Aluminium selenide**, also known as **aluminum selenide** or **aluminium(III) selenide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Al<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>. It contains aluminium in its +3 oxidation state. It contains aluminium and selenide ions.

## Properties

It reacts with water to make hydrogen selenide. It is a reducing agent and can burn to make aluminium oxide and selenium dioxide.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting selenium with aluminium powder at a high temperature.

## Uses

It is used to make hydrogen selenide.

## Related pages

- Sodium selenide
Sodium selenide

**Sodium selenide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Na<sub>2</sub>Se. It contains sodium and selenide ions.

## Properties

Sodium selenide is a solid. It reacts with water to make a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroselenide. It is a reducing agent. It is oxidized to a mixture of selenide and selenium, making an offwhite color. It is eventually oxidized to selenium dioxide. it reacts with acids to make hydrogen selenide gas.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting selenium with a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia.

## Uses

Sodium selenide is used to react with some organic compounds.

## Related pages

- Sodium selenate
- Sodium selenite
Selenium monochloride

**Selenium monochloride**, also known as **selenium(I) chloride** or **diselenium dichloride**, is a chemical compound made of selenium and chlorine. Its chemical formula is .

## Properties

It is a reddish brown oily liquid.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting selenium, selenium dioxide, and hydrochloric acid. It can be made though by just reacting chlorine with selenium. Another way to make it is reacting oleum and hydrochloric acid with selenium.

## Uses

It can be used to add selenium to other chemical compounds.

## Related pages

- Selenium(IV) chloride
Selenite (ion)

**Selenite** is an ion. Its chemical formula is SeO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>. It makes the hydrogen selenite ion, HSeO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in neutral conditions. When in acidic conditions it makes selenous acid. They are normally made by heating metal oxides with selenium dioxide. An example would be sodium selenite. Selenites are weak at oxidizing.

## Related pages

- Selenate
- Selenide
Selenate

**Selenate** is an ion. Its chemical formula is SeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. They dissolve easily in water. They are strong oxidizing agents. In very acidic conditions, it makes selenic acid. Sodium selenate is an example.

## Related pages

- Selenite
- Selenide
Selenic acid

**Selenic acid** is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formula is H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub>.

## Properties

It is normally a colorless solution in water. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It can turn into selenium trioxide when dehydrated carefully. It is a very strong acid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine and selenous acid. It can dissolve gold to make gold selenate. When heated above 200°C, it releases oxygen and turns into selenous acid. It reacts with bases to make selenates.

## Preparation

Selenic acid is made by oxidation of selenium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide. It is hard to evaporate it, but when it is evaporated, it makes colorless crystals. It can be made by oxidation of selenous acid with a strong oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate, chlorine, or bromine. The HCl and HBr made as a byproduct can reduce the selenic acic to selenous acid again, though, so it has to be taken out.

It can also be made by reacting selenium with chlorine in water.

## Related pages

- Hydrogen selenide
Selenous acid

**Selenous acid**, also known as **selenious acid**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>. It is an acid. It contains hydrogen and selenite ions.

## Properties

Selenous acid is a weak acid. It can be heated to make selenium dioxide. It is more stable than sulfurous acid. It can be crystallized as a white solid. It is a weak oxidizing agent. It reacts with bases to make selenites.

## Preparation

It is made by dissolving selenium dioxide in water.

## Uses

It is used to dye steel a blue-grey color. It is used in the making of organic compounds.

## Safety

Selenous acid is very toxic. Just ingesting a small amount can kill a person.

## Related pages

- Selenic acid
- Hydroselenic acid
Sodium selenate

**Sodium selenate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub>. It contains sodium and selenate ions.

## Properties

Sodium selenate is a white solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water easily.

## Preparation

Sodium selenate is made by reacting sodium hydroxide with selenic acid.

## Uses

Sodium selenate is used as a mineral supplement.

## Safety

Sodium selenate is very toxic in amounts any more than a very tiny amount.

## Related pages

- Sodium selenite
Sodium selenite

**Sodium selenite** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>. It contains sodium and selenite ions.

## Properties

Sodium selenite is a white solid. It dissolves in water. It is a weak oxidizing agent. It reacts with acids to make selenous acid. It can be oxidized by powerful oxidizing agents to make sodium selenate.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting sodium hydroxide with selenium dioxide

- 2 NaOH + SeO<sub>2</sub> → Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

## Uses

Sodium selenite is used to add a pink color to glass. It is also used in some vitamin supplements.

## Safety

Eating of any more than a very tiny amount would give selenium poisoning.

## Related pages

- Sodium selenide
Selenium acid

**Selenium acid** can refer to three selenium acids:

- Hydroselenic acid, H<sub>2</sub>Se
- Selenous acid, H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>
- Selenic acid, H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub>
Selenium chloride

**Selenium chloride** can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Selenium monochloride
- Selenium tetrachloride
Selenium fluoride

**Selenium fluoride** can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Selenium tetrafluoride
- Selenium hexafluoride
Selenium hexafluoride

**Selenium hexafluoride**, also known as **selenium(VI) fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SeF<sub>6</sub>. It contains selenium in its +6 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties

Selenium hexafluoride is a colorless gas. It is much more reactive and toxic than sulfur hexafluoride. It has a bad odor.

## Preparation

Selenium hexafluoride is made by heating selenium and fluorine together.

## Uses

This chemical compound has no uses.

## Related pages

- Selenium tetrafluoride
- Selenium tetrachloride
Selenium tetrafluoride

**Selenium tetrafluoride**, also known as **selenous fluoride** and **selenium(IV) fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SeF<sub>4</sub>. It contains selenium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties

It is a colorless liquid. It hydrolyses in water giving hydrofluoric acid and selenous acid. It is used to add fluoride to other chemical compounds.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting selenium with a little fluorine. A lot of fluorine makes selenium hexafluoride. It can also be made by reacting sulfur tetrafluoride with selenium dioxide.

## Uses

It is used to make adducts and fluorinating organic compounds.

## Related pages

- Selenium tetrachloride
Art Deco

**Art Deco** is a style of decorative art, design and architecture of the 1920s and 1930s in Europe, the United States and other countries. It was named after an international exhibition held in Paris in 1925, but there are some examples dating back to before the First World War. Art Deco followed another design style, Art Nouveau, which was influenced by organic plant-like forms.

Art Deco was one of the first styles of modern architecture. It was influenced by different styles and movements of the early 20th century, Neoclassical, Constructivism, Cubism, Modernism, and Futurism. Later Art Deco of the mid to late 1930s is also sometimes called **Streamline Moderne**.

One idea behind art deco architecture was to apparently streamline buildings the same way you would streamline a car for aerodynamics. The style was much more common in commercial buildings than in houses; many banks, schools, and libraries were built in this style.  Most of the public buildings built by the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression are in the Art Deco style.

## Examples

Famous Art Deco buildings include the Chrysler Building in New York City and the Chicago Board of Trade Building in Chicago.  Another is Bullock's Wilshire in Los Angeles. Many art deco buildings have elaborate terra cotta or murals inside them. The towers of the Golden Gate Bridge have an art deco design.
Eydie Gormé

**Eydie Gormé** (born **Edith Gormezano**; August 16, 1928 – August 10, 2013) was an American singer. Her husband, Steve Lawrence, sang with her. They were known as the duo "Steve and Eydie". Gormé herself has had some hit songs. One was "Blame it on the Bossa Nova".

Gormé was born on August 16, 1928 in The Bronx, New York City to Sephardi Jewish parents. Her father was from Sicily; her mother was from Turkey. She studied at William Howard Taft High School in New York. Gormé was married to Steve Lawrence from 1957 until her death in 2013. They had two sons.

Gormé died on August 10, 2013, six days before her 85th birthday, following a brief illness, in Las Vegas, Nevada.
The Andrews Sisters

**The Andrews Sisters** were an American singing group in the 1930s, the 1940s and the 1950s. They were from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Their names were **LaVerne** (July 6, 1911 – May 8, 1967), **Maxene** (January 3, 1916 – October 21, 1995) and **Patty Andrews** (February 16, 1918 – January 30, 2013). They broke up in 1967 after the death of LaVerne, but their music is still played over certain radio stations in the United States. The Andrews Sisters published many popular songs in many styles, of which "The Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" was most famous. That song was covered and recorded by multiple singers over the years.

## Personal lives

The Andrews sisters were born in Minnesota, to a Greek father and Norwegian mother. They grew up in Minneapolis.

### Maxene

Maxene was married to the Andrews Sisters' manger Louis Abraham "Lou" Levy 1941 until they divorced in 1951. They had two adopted children, a son and a daughter. Andrews died on October 21, 1995 in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, from a heart attack, aged 79.

### LaVerne

LaVerne was married to Louis A. Roger from 1948 until her death in 1967. Andrews died on May 8, 1967 in Brentwood, California from cancer, aged 56.

### Patty

Patty was married to Martin "Marty" Melcher from 1947 until they divorced in 1950. Then she was married to pianist Melvin Walter "Wally" Weschler from 1951 until his death in 2010. Patty was the last survivor of the group. She died on January 30, 2013 in her home in Northridge, California from natural causes, aged 94.

## Other websites

- Andrews Sisters official website
- Andrews Sisters on BigBands.net
- Vocal Group Hall of Fame page on the Andrews Sisters

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Andrews Sisters
- **image**: The Andrews Sisters 1952.JPG
- **alt**: Andrews Sisters 1952
- **caption**: From top: LaVerne, Patty, Maxene
- **background**: group_or_band
- **birth date**: **LaVerne**:
**Maxene**:
**Patty**:
Mound, Minnesota
- **death date**: **LaVerne**: , Los Angeles, California
**Maxene**: , Cape Cod, Massachusetts
**Patty**: , Los Angeles
- **origin**: Mound, Minnesota, United States
- **genre**: Swing music, Swing, boogie-woogie
- **years active**: 1925–1951, 1956-1967
- **website**: [http://www.cmgww.com/music/andrews www.cmgww.com/music/andrews]
Selenium tetrachloride

**Selenium tetrachloride**, also **selenious chloride**, **selenous chloride**, or **selenium(IV) chloride**, is a chemical compound made of selenium and chlorine. Its chemical formula is . It contains selenium in its +4 oxidation state.

## Properties

Selenium tetrachloride is a yellow or white solid. It evaporates easily. It reacts with water to make hydrochloric acid and selenous acid. It reacts with selenium dioxide to make selenium oxychloride, a mixture of selenium dioxide and selenium tetrachloride bonded together.

## Preparation

It is made by heating a mixture of selenium and chlorine. The selenium tetrachloride escapes as a gas. This can be used to purify selenium. Impure selenium can be placed in the flask, reacted with chlorine. Only selenium tetrachloride escapes. This is reduced to selenium again, making pure selenium.

## Uses

It is used to purify selenium. It is used to make other selenium compounds.

## Related pages

- Selenium monochloride
- Selenium tetrafluoride
Selenium disulfide

**Selenium disulfide**, also known as **selenious disulfide**, **selenous disulfide**, or **selenium(IV) disulfide** is a chemical compound. Its formula should be SeS<sub>2</sub>. It contains selenium in its +4 oxidation state. It also contains sulfide ions.

## Properties

Selenium disulfide is an orange solid.

## Preparation

Selenium sulfide can be made by heating selenium and sulfur.

## Uses

It is used to kill fungi that make dandruff in hair. It can also be used to treat fungal (from fungi) skin infections.

## Related pages

- Selenium tetrachloride
- Selenium monochloride
Braided river

A **braided river** is a network of small channels separated by islands that are often not fixed. In other words, the river channels wander across a flat area.

Braided rivers are found in places where the river carries a lot of sediment, and when it slows down and spreads out. The river delta of the Amazon River is a good example on a huge scale, and the Waimakariri River is a good example on a smaller scale.

## Large systems

Large braided river systems are found around the world:
- Alaska
- Canada
- New Zealand's South Island
- the Himalayas

All these regions contain young mountains that erode quickly.

Europe has three notably braided rivers:  the Narew, in Poland and Belarus, the  Tagliamento in northeastern Italy and the Vjosa River in Albania and Greece.

## Related pages

- Meander
Khaled Hosseini

**Khaled Hosseini** is a writer who was born in Afghanistan but came to the United States when he was fifteen years old. He is best known for his first novel, _The Kite Runner_, which was first published in 2003. His second novel was published in 2007. In 2013 _And the Mountains Echoed_ was published.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: George and Laura Bush with Khaled Hosseini in 2007 detail2.JPG
- **caption**: Khaled Hosseini at the White House in 2007
- **birth place**: Kabul, Afghanistan
- **period**: 2003–now
- **genre**: Fiction
Mohsin Hamid

**Mohsin Hamid** is a writer from Pakistan. He wrote some famous novels like _The Reluctant Fundamentalist_ and _Moth Smoke_.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Mohsin Hamid
- **image**: Mohsin Hamid reading, Brooklyn.jpg
- **birth date**: 1971
- **birth place**: Lahore, Pakistan
- **period**: 2000-present
Police Camera Action!

***Police Camera Action!*** is a British documentary television show presented by Gethin Jones and previously presented by Adrian Simpson and Alastair Stewart. Its format is imposing sanctions on criminals who commit offences while filming them on camera in a documentary and reality TV fashion. It aired from September 7, 1994 to August 18, 2010. It is based and mainly aired in the United Kingdom.
Panchayati raj

The P**anchayati Raj (पन्चायती राज)** is a political system of decentralisation. It is mostly used in South Asia, in the countries India, Pakistan and Nepal. The idea behind it is to give power to local people.
Calcium nitride

**Calcium nitride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ca<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>. It contains calcium and nitride ions.

## Properties

It is a red-brown solid. It reacts with water to make calcium hydroxide and ammonia. It reacts with hydrogen to make calcium hydride and calcium amide.

## Preparation

It is made by burning calcium in nitrogen. It is also made when calcium burns in air.

## Uses

It can be used as a source of the reactive nitride ion.

## Related pages

- Calcium nitrate
Calcium permanganate

**Calcium permanganate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ca(MnO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. It contains calcium and permanganate ions.

## Properties

Calcium permanganate is a dark purple solid. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is similar to potassium permanganate. It can catch some organic chemicals like alcohol on fire. It can cause an explosion when mixed with sulfuric acid. This is because manganese(VII) oxide.

## Preparation

It can be made by calcium oxide with manganese(IV) oxide and calcium nitrate.

## Uses

It might whiten teeth. It can be used as an oxidizing agent, although potassium permanganate is more common.

## Related pages

- Sodium permanganate
Calcium nitrate

**Calcium nitrate**, also known as **Norwegian saltpeter**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. It contains calcium and nitrate ions.

## Properties

Calcium nitrate is a colorless solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It absorbs water from the air. It decomposes to make nitrogen dioxide and calcium oxide when heated.

## Preparation

Calcium nitrate is made by reacting calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate with nitric acid. It is made when nitric acid reacts with calcium phosphate. It can be made by reacting ammonium nitrate and calcium hydroxide.

## Uses

Calcium nitrate is used in fertilizers to add nitrogen to the soil. It can be complexed with urea to make a different nitrogen fertilizer.

## Related pages

- Calcium nitride
Bray Wyatt

**Windham Lawrence Rotunda** (May 23, 1987 – August 24, 2023), better known by his ring name **Bray Wyatt** was an American professional wrestler. He was known as the leader of a stable with Luke Harper and Erick Rowan called The Wyatt Family. Wyatt was a three-time world champion.

He first wrestled in WWE from 2009 to 2011 where he competed under the name **Husky Harris** and was a part of the stable, The Nexus. He competed on the 2nd season of WWE NXT but was eliminated 5th. Rotunda stayed in WWE's developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), and made his debut as Bray Wyatt in FCW in April 2012. He stayed in FCW through its name change to NXT Wrestling (now WWE NXT), and returned to the main WWE roster in July 2013. The Wyatt Family quickly became some of the company's biggest heels ("bad guys"). In 2019, Wyatt started wresting as **The Fiend**.

On August 24, 2023, Rotunda died from a heart attack. He had been out with a private illness since February which was later said to be COVID-19.

## Championships

- **WWE**
    - WWE Championship (1 time)
    - WWE Universal Championship (2 times)
    - WWE Raw Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Matt Hardy)
    - WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Randy Orton and Luke Harper) (Titles were defended under the Freebird Rule)
    - Tag Team Eliminator (2018) (with Matt Hardy)
    - WWE Year-End Award for Male Wrestler of the Year (2019)

- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bo Rotunda)

- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - Feud of the Year (2010) – The Nexus vs. WWE
    - Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2010) – as part of The Nexus
    - He was ranked #129 of the top 500 singles wrestlers by PWI in the PWI 500 in 2011.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Bray Wyatt
- **names**: Alex Rotunda
Alex Rotundo
Axel Mulligan
**Bray Wyatt**
Duke Rotundo
Husky Harris
Windham Rotunda
- **image**: Bray Wyatt 2017.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Wyatt at a house show on May 12, 2017
- **birth name**: Windham Lawrence Rotunda
- **birth place**: Brooksville, Florida, U.S.
- **death place**: Clermont, Florida, U.S.
- **partner**: JoJo (wrestling), JoJo Offerman (2017–2023)
- **children**: 4
- **parents**: Mike Rotunda (father)
- **height**: 6 ft 3 in
- **weight**: 285 lb
- **debut**: February 5, 2009
Terrestrial locomotion

**Terrestrial locomotion** has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial places. Movement on land makes different problems than that on water, with less friction instead being the effects of gravity.

There are three basic forms of movement found among land animals:
- Legged - Moving by using legs
- Limbless locomotion - moving without legs, mostly using the body
- Rolling - rotating the body

## Legged locomotion

Movement on legs is the most common form of land movement. It is the simple form of movement of two big groups with many members, the vertebrates and the arthropods.

## Limbless locomotion

There are a number of land and amphibious limbless vertebrates and invertebrates. These animals, due to lack of legs, use their bodies to move.  These movements are sometimes called to as "slithering" or "crawling".

## Rolling

Although animals have never have wheels for locomotion, some animals can move by **rolling** their whole body.

## Limits and extremes

The fastest terrestrial animal is the cheetah, which can get speeds of about 104 km/h (64 mph).

## Related pages

- Walking fish

## References

- Charig, A.J. (1972) The evolution of the archosaur pelvis and hind-limb: an explanation in functional terms. In Studies in Vertebrate Evolution (eds K.A.Joysey and T.S.Kemp). Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 121–55.
- Reilly, Stephen M. and Elias, Jason A. 1998, Locomotion in alligator mississippiensis: kinematic effects of speed and posture and their relevance to the sprawling-to-erect paradigm , J. exp. Biol 201,2559-2574.
- García-París, M. & Deban, S. M. 1995. A novel antipredator mechanism in salamanders: rolling escape in Hydromantes platycephalus. Journal of Herpetology 29, 149-151.
- Tenaza, R. R. 1975. Pangolins rolling away from predation risks. Journal of Mammalogy 56, 257.
Strong acid

In chemistry, a **strong acid** is an acid which ionizes (splits) completely in a solution of water. It always loses a proton (A H<sub>+</sub>) when put in water. A weak acid does not always lose a proton, though; It can lose its proton, but not all the time. They also have a very low pH, usually between 1 and 3. Many strong acids have a negative pKa value, which means they are very strong.

The six common strong acids are: (Acronym:CBSPIN)
1. Hydro**C**hloric acid H**C**l
1. Hydro**B**romic acid H**B**r
1. **S**ulfuric acid H₂**S**O₄
1. **P**erchloric acid HClO<sub>4</sub>
1. Hydro**I**odic acid H**I**
1. **N**itric acid HNO<sub>3</sub>

Almost strong acids include:
1. Chloric acid HClO<sub>3</sub>
Hamilton, New Zealand

**Hamilton** is New Zealand's fourth largest city. In 2018, 160,911 people lived in the city. It is the largest inland city in New Zealand. It has an area of . The current mayor is Paula Southgate. She was elected as mayor of Hamilton in 2019.
Incubator (disambiguation)

**Incubator** may refer to:
- Incubator, a machine that hatches eggs for hens
- Incubator, a website by the Wikimedia Foundation to host test wikis for new languages
Liu Xiaobo

**Liu Xiaobo** (28 December 1955 – 13 July 2017) was a Chinese intellectual, writer,  human rights activist and a political prisoner in China.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Liu Xiaobo
- **image**: Portrait of Liu Xiaobo by Wang Liming (2017, cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Liu Xiaobo
- **birth place**: Changchun, Jilin, China
- **death place**: Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- **death cause**: Multiple organ failure complicated from liver cancer
- **occupation**: Writer, political commentator, human rights activist
- **awards**: 2010 Nobel Peace Prize
- **alma mater**: Jilin University
Beijing Normal University
- **nationality**: People's Republic of China, Chinese
Beijing Normal University

**Beijing Normal University** is a public university in Beijing, China It is one of the most highly ranked universities in China, and focuses on teaching humanities and sciences. It was first opened in 1902, which makes it one of the oldest universities in China. Its nickname is **Beishida.**

Originally, it was called a "normal school" because it was only a school for teachers, and all teacher schools were named the same way. It was attached to the Imperial University of Peking. Later, it became a university on its own, teaching subjects other than education, but kept its name the same.

## Rankings

- QS World University Ranking: 292nd, 7th in China
- Academic Ranking of World Universities: 201-300th, 7th-12th in China
- Humanities and Social Sciences overall ranking in China: 3rd

## Nobel laureates

- Liu Xiaobo (Peace)
- Mo Yan (Literature)

## Other websites

- University website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Beijing Normal University
- **native name**: 北京师范大学
- **motto**: 学为人师，行为世范
- **mottoeng**: Learn to teach, behave to guide
- **established**: 1902
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **president**: Zhong Binglin (钟秉林)
- **students**: Over 20,000
- **undergrad**: 8,600
- **postgrad**: 9,900
- **faculty**: over 1,680
- **city**: Beijing
- **country**: People's Republic of China
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban, 738,779 m²
University of Oslo

The **University of Oslo** (, ) is the oldest and largest university in Norway. It is in the Norwegian capital, Oslo.

The university began in 1811 as **The Royal Frederick University** (in Norwegian _Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet_ and in Latin _Universitas Regia Fredericiana_). The university was modelled after the recently established University of Berlin, and originally named after King Frederick of Denmark and Norway. In 1939 it changed to the name it has now.

The university has faculties of (Lutheran) Theology, Law, Medicine, Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Dentistry, Social Sciences, and Education. The Faculty of Law is still located at the old campus on Karl Johans gate, near the National Theatre, the Royal Palace, and the Parliament. Most of the other faculties are at a modern campus area called Blindern. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area.

In 2019, the university had 30,505 students and employed 6,595 people.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Oslo
- **former name**: Royal Frederick University (1811-1939)
- **native name**: Universitetet i Oslo
- **latin name**: Universitas Osloensis
- **established**: September 2, 1811
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **rector**: Svein Stølen
- **students**: 30,505 (2019)
- **faculty**: 3,804 (2019)
- **staff**: 2,791 (2019)
- **city**: Oslo
- **country**: Norway
- **affiliations**: European University Association, EUA
- **website**: [https://www.uio.no/english/ uio.no]
Central Region, Singapore

The **Central Region of Singapore** is also known as the south of Singapore. It is a place where most commercial buildings are in.  The Istana is also found in this area.

## History

When Sir Stamford Raffles first arrived in Singapore in 1819, he signed a treaty with Tengku Abdul Rahman (the local Sultan) and Tengku Hussein (the Temmengong which became Sultan since he was the elder brother). The Sultan and Temmengong were paid money for allowing the British to set up a port in Singapore.

The British were given the southern part of Singapore to develop. Therefore, it was also recognised as the Central Region of Singapore, or also called Central Business District.

## Size

The Central Region of Singapore starts from the harbour all the way to Bishan as the north, Queenstown as the west and Marine Parade as the east. In total, it takes up 13,150 hectares of land area.

The Southern Islands are also part of the Central Region of Singapore.

## 11 planning areas

- Bishan
- Bukit Merah
- Bukit Timah
- Geylang
- Kallang
- Marine Parade
- Novena
- Queenstown
- Southern Islands
- Tanglin
- Toa Payoh

## Other websites

- Central Region, Singapore
Tuas

**Tuas** is a region in the far west of the island of Singapore. It is reachable by the Mass rapid transit (MRT) of Singapore.

Tuas is mainly an industrial estate like Jurong and the Tuas checkpoint (called the Tuas Second Link) is found there.
Elland Road

**Elland Road** is a football stadium in Leeds, Beeston, West Yorkshire, England. It has been home to Premier League club Leeds United since the club's inception in 1919. The stadium is the 14th largest football stadium in England.

## Sports history

The venue has served as a neutral venue for the FA Cup semi-finals and England international fixtures. It has been selected as one of eight venues for the UEFA Euro 96 European Cups. It was used by Rugby Union club Hunslet in the mid-1980s. It hosted two matches of the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

## Capacity

It has four stands - Don Revie (North), Jack Charlton (East), Norman Hunter (South) and John Charles (West) - with a capacity of 37,792.

The FA Cup fifth-round replay against Sunderland on 15 March 1967 set a record attendance of 57,892. This was before the stadium became an all-seater venue under the Taylor Report. This is the modern record for a Premier League game against Newcastle United on 22 December 2001 was 40,287.

There are plans to increase its capacity to 50,000 by demolishing the West Stand and rebuilding the area.

## Concerts

The stadium has hosted concerts by Queen, U2, Happy Mondays and the Kaiser Chiefs.
NewsBank

**NewsBank, Inc.** is a worldwide information provider worldwide. It is a database of published documents. These documents include such items as newspapers, magazines, business journals, obituaries, and government documents. The documents are available online by the Internet. The service is available through many public libraries, colleges and universities, and government and military libraries.

NewsBank has content from more than 2,000 newspaper titles. NewsBank's Readex division offers digital editions of American historical collections to colleges and universities. Collections of historical and modern documents, publications and records to are available to Genealogists to research family histories.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: NewsBank
- **type**: Private
- **image**: Newsbanklogo.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **foundation**: (1972)
- **area served**: World
- **key people**: Mr. Daniel S. Jones (President)
- **services**: Information provider
- **homepage**: http://www.newsbank.com/
Bonnie Wright

**Bonnie Francesca Wright** (born 17 February 1991) is an English actress. She is most known for playing _Ginny Weasley_ in Harry Potter movies.

In 2012, Wright will start shooting her first leading role.  It is a British nineteenth century period movie _In Want of a Wife_.  She will star opposite Emily Watson.

Wright graduated from London's University of the Arts: London College of Communication. She is the owner of her own production company called Bon Bon Lumiere.

## Filmography

|Year|Film|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001|_Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2002|_Stranded_|Young Sarah Robinson|TV movie||
|2002|_Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2004|_Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2004|_Agatha Christie: A Life in Pictures_|Young Agatha Christie|TV movie||
|2005|_Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2007|_Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role.||
|2007|__|Vanessa|Voice only; TV; "London Calling"||
|2009|_Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2010|_Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2010|_Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2011|_Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2_|Ginny Weasley|Supporting role||
|2012|_Geography of the Hapless Heart_|Mia|_Post-production_||
|2012|_The Philosophers_|Georgina|_Post-production_||
|2013|_ Before I Sleep_|Phoebe|_Post-Production_||
|2013|_The Sea_|Rose|_Filming_||
|2013|_In Want of a Wife_|Lydia|_Pre-production_||

|Year|Game|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007|_Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix_|Ginny Weasley|Voice only||
|2009|_Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince_|Ginny Weasley|Voice only||
|Year|Movie|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|_Separate We Come, Separate We Go_|Director only, directorial debut|Will be premiered at the Graduation BAFTAs||

|Year|Movie|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|_Separate We Come, Separate We Go_|Screenwriter only, screenwriting debut|Will be premiered at the Graduation BAFTAs||

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Award|Category|Movie|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|Rodial Beautiful Awards|Most Edgy Look Award|||
|2012|_Empire Award_|Best Female Newcomer|_Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2_||

## Related pages

- List of Harry Potter films cast members

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bonnie Wright
- **image**: Stuttgart 2021 -Comic Con Germany- by-RaBoe 122.jpg
- **caption**: Bonnie Wright in 2021
- **birth name**: Bonnie Francesca Wright
- **birth place**: London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **occupation**: Actress
Model
- **years active**: 2001 – present
Weak acid

A **weak acid** is an acid chemical which does not dissociate (split into ions) completely in water solution. This means it does not give all its hydrogen ions into the water. Weak acids typically have a pH between 3 and 6.

Acetic acid (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH) and oxalic acid (H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) are examples of weak acids. If an acid is represented by HA, then there is a balance between molecules which are split (ionised), and molecules which are not:

The relative strength of an acid can be expressed using K<sub>a</sub>, the acid ionization constant. In general, the larger a K<sub>a</sub>, the stronger the acid, while a smaller K<sub>a</sub> indicates a relatively weaker acid. Weak acids will have a K<sub>a</sub> value of less than 1, while strong acids will have a K<sub>a</sub> value greater than 1.
Cuscus

- _The North African food is at couscous_
A **Cuscus** is a marsupial from Papua New Guinea. It has a pouch on its front where its baby begins to grow and develop in. The cuscus has thick white fur and a long tail, with a slightly pink tip. It uses its tail to help it climb through the trees.
2010 Copiapó mining accident

The **2010 Copiapó mining accident** was a mining accident that happened on August 5, 2010, when the copper-gold mine of San José, near Copiapó, Chile, collapsed. It left 33 miners trapped around 700 meters under the ground.

The Mine of San José (Mina San José) is about  north of Copiapó, in the Region of Atacama. The miners were trapped at about  deep and about  from the entrance of the mine. The mine has had accidents in the past, including one death. A report from the Chilean Government from July 2010, said that the owners of the mine did not "reinforce the roof." The lack of reinforcement "led to an earlier collapse of the roof". There has been controversy over why the mine was not closed down earlier.

Some people, including lawyers representing the mining company, think that the owners of the mine will declare bankruptcy after the miners are rescued.

On October 13, 2010, Florencio Ávalos reached the surface. He was the first miner to be rescued.

## Related pages

- 2006 Copiapó mining accident
- 2010 Cauquenes earthquake
- 2010 Pichilemu earthquake
Qualitative analysis

**Qualitative analysis** is a field of analytical chemistry.  It uses chemical reactions to find out what an unknown chemical substance is.  Qualitative chemistry is used in many jobs.  It is very useful for testing for drugs and poisons.

Many reactions are used in qualitative chemistry.  For example, fire can be used to learn what metals are in the compound.  The scientist would know what metal was in an unknown compound by the color of the flame.

Qualitative chemistry is in contrast with Quantitative chemistry.  "Qualitative" refers to what is present, while "quantitative" refers to how much is present.
Fracture

**Fracture** might mean:
- Material fracture, when a material breaks
- Fracture (geology), when the Earth's mantle has faults
- Fracture (mineralogy), when minerals break
- Bone fracture, when a bone breaks
Cherkasy

**Cherkasy** (, transliterated: _Čerkasy_) is a city in central Ukraine. It is the capital of the Cherkasy Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Cherkasky Raion (district) within the oblast.

The city is cultural, educational and industrial center of Cherkasy Oblast and Central Economical Region of Ukraine. Cherkasy is famous since 13th century and played a great role in history of Ukraine. Cherkasy was the center of Cossacks, citizens took part in Khmelnychchyna and Koliyivschyna (cossacks and peasants rebellions).

The city is on the right bank of Dnieper River (specifically at the Kremenchuk Reservoir), about  south of the nation's capital, Kyiv. The city is divided into 2 parts (raions) - Sosnivskiy (with Orshanets village) and Pridniprovskiy. The current population of Cherkasy is 264,000.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Cherkasy
- **native name**: Черкаси
- **image flag**: FlagCherkasy.png
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms Cherkasy.PNG
- **image map**: Tscherkassy-Ukraine-Map.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Map of Ukraine with Cherkasy highlighted.
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
  Subdivisions of Ukraine, Oblast
    Raion
- **subdivision name**: Ukraine
Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasky Raion
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1286
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Serhiy Olehovych Odarych
- **area total km2**: 78
- **population total**: 285 000
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Cherkasy
- **elevation m**: 94
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 18000-499
- **area code**: +380 472
- **blank1 info**: Bydgoszcz, Santa Rosa, California, Santa Rosa
- **blank1 name**: Town twinning, Sister cities
- **website**: [http://www.rada.cherkassy.ua/ www.rada.cherkassy.ua]