juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mark Boal

**Mark Boal** (born January 23, 1973) is an American journalist, screenwriter and film producer. Boal won 2 Academy Awards in 2009 for The Hurt Locker in the categories of Best Writing (Original Screenplay) and Best Picture.

## Filmography

- _The Hurt Locker_ (screenplay, producer) (2009)
- _In the Valley of Elah_ (based on story by Boal and Paul Haggis) (2007)

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Mark Boal
- **image**: Mark Boal 02 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Mark Boal in 2009
- **birth place**: New York City, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Journalist, screenwriter, film producer
- **yearsactive**: 2007─_present_
Vampirates

***Vampirates*** is a series of young adult fantasy books. It is written by British author Justin Somper. The series is about two twin children, Connor and Grace Tempest, who get separated at sea. They are saved by two very different ships. Connor is saved by a normal pirate ship called the Diablo, Grace by the mythical Vampirate ship called the Nocturne. The word _Vampirate_ refers to a vampire living on the Nocturne.

## Infobox (novel series)

- **name**: Vampirates
- **books**: 1. Demons of the Ocean (2005)
1. Dead Deep (mini book) (2007)
2. Tide of Terror (2006)
3. Blood Captain (2007)
4. Black Heart (2009)
5. Empire of Night (2010)
6. Immortal War (2011)
- **author**: Justin Somper
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **genre**: Young adult fantasy
- **publisher**: Simon and Schuster
- **media type**: Print
Sidney Lumet

**Sidney Lumet** (June 25, 1924 – April 9, 2011) was an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He directed more than 200 plays for live television. He also directed more than 40 movies. His movies include _Serpico_, _Dog Day Afternoon_, _12 Angry Men_, _Network_, _Prince of the City_ and _Q&A_. He died of lymphoma in New York City.
Incertae sedis

In taxonomy, the term ***incertae sedis*** (abbreviated **inc. sed.**) is used for a taxon when its broader relationship to other taxa is unknown. The first person who used the term in botany was probably Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu. In his book _Genera Plantarum_ of 1789 he listed a few _plantae incertae sedis_.

Reasons why a taxon might be classified as _incertae sedis_ include:
- The description is not detailed enough to permit a clear classification.
- A scientific publication about a taxon does not focus on its classification. The taxon is labeled _incertae sedis_, because the authors of the publication do not want to _guess_ where the taxon belongs.
- Different researchers may have different opinions of where a taxon should be classed. Until the conflicts are resolved, the taxon is classed as _incertae sedis_.
Dorudon

***Dorudon,*** whose name means "spear-tooth", was a genus of primitive cetacean from the Eocene period. It lived alongside its main predator, _Basilosaurus_.

They were about five meters (16 ft) long and were most likely carnivorous, feeding on small fish and molluscs. _Dorudon_ lived in warm seas around the world., Fossils have been found along the former shorelines of the Tethys Sea in present-day Western Sahara, Egypt, Pakistan, the United States, and New Zealand. Most finds have been in Egypt.

## Popularity in media

To date, _Dorudon_ has only appeared in media such as Sea Monsters and Walking with Beasts.
Moeritherium

***Moeritherium*** is a extinct genus of primitive mammals. It represents a very early stage in the evolution of elephants.  These prehistoric mammals are related to the elephant and, more distantly, the sea cow. They lived during the later Eocene in what is now North Africa.

_Moeritherium_ did not look like living elephants. It was about as large as a tapir. It had short, strong legs, a relatively long body, and a short tail. The feet of _Moeritherium_ were broad and had flat-hoofed toes.
Somatic nervous system

The **somatic nervous system** (SNS) is part of the peripheral nervous system. It controls various muscles and the sensory input from external stimuli

The SNS controls voluntary body movements by skeletal muscles. Its outgoing (efferent) nerves stimulate muscle contraction. Its incoming (afferent) nerves relay sensation from the skin, and sense organs to the central nervous system. This includes touch, hearing, and sight.

The SNS does not, however, control reflex arcs.
Kuala Lumpur Dragons

The **Westports Malaysia Dragons** are a team in the ASEAN Basketball League. They are based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They were previously known as the Kuala Lumpur Dragons and Westports KL Dragons. They are coached by Goh Cheng Huat. They play home games in the MABA stadium.

## Other websites

- http://www.kldragons.com/
Republican People's Party

The **Republican People's Party** (, **CHP**) is the oldest political party in Turkey. Their ideologies are social democracy and Kemalism.

They are currently the second largest party in the Turkish Parliament, with 132 out of 550 seats and they form the Main Opposition of Turkey. Their founder is Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and their current leader is Özgür Özel.

On September 7, 1919, Turkish nationalists established a resistance organisation against the invasion of Turkey. On September 9, 1923, the organisation officially declared itself as a political party and it was the Republican People's Party.

## Leaders of the CHP

- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1923–1938); known as the "Great Leader and Eternal Chief"
- İsmet İnönü (1938–1972); known as the "Everlasting Leader and National Chief"
- Bülent Ecevit (1972–1980); known as the "Legendary Leader"
- Deniz Baykal (1992–1995)
- Hikmet Çetin (1995)
- Deniz Baykal (1995–1999)
- Altan Öymen (1999–2000)
- Deniz Baykal (2000–2010)
- Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (2010–2023)
- Özgür Özel (2023–present)

## Other websites

- Party official website
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu

**Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu** (born 17 December 1948) is a Turkish former politician. He was the  leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the leader of the Main Opposition in Turkey. He has been the Member of Parliament for İstanbul since 2002.

He became popular with the documents about lawlessness. The CHP nominated him as candidate for Mayor of Istanbul in 2009 local elections, in which he gained 36.8% of all votes. Despite this result he could not be first. However this result was a big success for social democrats because they had not ruled Istanbul for many years and this city had become the power centre of AK Parti for long years. This popularity provided him with a great advantage. Upon Deniz Baykal's resignation in 2010, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu became the leader with a record voting rate.

Firstly he took part in the Turkish general election in 2011. The Republican People's Party gained 25.98% of all votes with an increase of about 6 points. However, this was not enough to be ruling party.

## Other websites

- CHP official website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu in March 2023 (cropped).png
- **caption**: Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu in 2023
- **birth place**: Nazimiye, Tunceli Province, Tunceli, Turkey
- **office**: Leader of the Main Opposition
- **term start**: 22 May 2010
- **term end**: 5 November 2023
- **predecessor**: Deniz Baykal
- **successor**: Özgür Özel
- **office2**: Leader of the Republican People's Party
- **term start2**: 22 May 2010
- **term end2**: 5 November 2023
- **predecessor2**: Deniz Baykal
- **successor2**: Özgür Özel
- **office3**: Member of the Turkish Parliament
- **term start3**: 18 November 2002
- **term end3**: 14 May 2023
- **nationality**: Turkey, Turkish
- **party**: Republican People's Party (Turkey), Republican People's Party
- **spouse**: Selvi (Sevim) Kılıçdaroğlu
- **children**: Aslı Kılıçdaroğlu Nadir
Zeynep Kılıçdaroğlu
Kerem Kılıçdaroğlu
- **residence**: Ankara
- **profession**: Bureaucrat
- **alma mater**: Gazi University, Ankara Academy of Economics and Commercial Sciences
- **website**: [http://www.kemalkilicdaroglu.com/ kemalkilicdaroglu.com]
Turkish people

The **Turks** (), also known as the **Turkish people**, are the world's largest Turkic ethnic group; they speak different dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. There are Turkish communities in the Balkans as well.

### Religion

Turkish people are predominantly Sunni Muslim, the largest branch of Islam. Majority of Turks are practising its Hanafi denomination. The most followed branch after Sunnism is Alevism-Bektashism.

### Traditions

Turkish traditions can be found in Turkey but can also be found in the other Turkic, the Balkan, and Western Asian countries. This includes oil wrestling, sünnet festival of circumcision of boys, belly dance, Karakucak wrestling, etc.

## Diaspora

There is a big Turkish diaspora. There are also large Turkish minorities in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Arab world.
Turkish people are the largest minority group in Bulgaria. There are large Turkish communities in the Western Thrace region of Greece, the Dobruja region of Romania, the Akkar region in Lebanon as well as in North Macedonia. Turkish people are also the largest ethnic minority group in Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, and in Germany (see Turks in Germany).

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Turks
- **native name**: ***Türkler***
- **native name lang**: tr
- **image**: Turks collage.png
- **caption**: Some of the most famous Turks in the world
- **pop**: **80 million**
- **popplace**:   60,000,000–65,000,000
   315,000
- **pop1**: 3,000,000 to over 7,000,000[4][5][6][7]
- **pop2**: 3,000,000–5,000,000[48][49][50]
- **pop3**: 1,000,000–3,000,000[8][9][10][11]
- **pop4**: 1,000,000–1,700,000g[51][52]
- **pop5**: 1,000,000–1,400,000h[53][54]
- **pop6**: 500,000 to over 2,000,000[12][13][14][15]
- **pop7**: over 1,000,000[16][17][18
- **pop8**: 588,318–800,000[62][63][64]
Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The **Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution** is the twenty-fourth time the United States Constitution has been amended (revised). The twenty-fourth amendment prevents the United States Congress and US states from charging a poll tax on federal elections. A poll tax meant that if you wanted to vote you had to pay money (a tax) before voting. A poll tax could make it hard for poor people to vote. This amendment would make voting fair and more equal for everyone. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964.
Polemic

A **polemic** is a forceful argument or controversy made against one opinion, doctrine, or person.

It is one-sided and extreme, not a debate or discussion. It often occurs in disputes.

The word is derived from the Greek _polemikos_ (πολεμικός),  meaning "warlike, hostile".

## History

Polemic journalism was common in continental Europe, when defamation laws were less strict as they are now.

To support study of the polemics and controversies of the 17th-19th centuries, a British research project has placed thousands of pamphlets of that era online.

## Related pages

- Apologia
- Critic
- Devil's advocate
- Dialectic
- Dispute
Thesis

A **thesis** (plural: 'theses') is a document written in support of an idea that is presented for discussion or disputation. In modern usage it usually refers to a document presented as a requirement for an academic degree or professional qualification. It presents the author's research and findings. In the academic context it means the same as **dissertation**. The term dissertation can be used to describe an argument without relation to academic degrees. The term thesis may also be used for  the central claim of an essay or other work.

## Thesis types

There are different types of thesis for different fields, for example, if you are an English major then for your thesis you may be asked to write a short story, a media student can be asked to submit a short film.

A graduate thesis is also known as graduate dissertation. A student may work with a member of the faculty who has specialized in the relevant field.

A thesis may be much longer. In the French system, a thesis (PhD), also called "Doctorat" is generally far longer and is up to 500 pages long.

## History

Originally, the words "dissertation" and "thesis" had separate meanings.  When, at ancient universities, the professor had completed his lecture, there would be a disputation. During this, students could take up certain points and argue them.  The position that one took during a disputation was the _thesis_, while the _dissertation_ was the line of reasoning with which one supported it.

## Etymology

The word "thesis" comes from the Greek , meaning "position", and refers to an intellectual proposition. "Dissertation" comes from the Latin _dissertātiō_, meaning "discourse".

## Other websites

- en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ETD_Guide Guide to electronic theses and dissertations on Wikibooks
- Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations  (NDLTD)
- How to write a PhD thesis  Thesis Writing
- PhD Thesis Structure Explained on The Academic Papers
- Free thesis indexing service
- EThOS Database  Database of Theses available through the British Library

fi:Tieteellisten yliopistotutkintojen opinnäytetyöt#Väitöskirja
Charmin

**Charmin** () is a brand of toilet paper. It is made by Procter & Gamble. It is related to Tide in 1988.

## History

The Charmin name was first created in 1928 by the Hoberg Paper Company in Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1950, Hoberg changed its name to Charmin Paper Company and kept making toilet paper, paper napkins, and other paper products. Procter & Gamble (P&G) bought Charmin Paper Company in 1957, but sold the right to make and sell it in Europe (where it is now called _Cushelle_) to SCA in 2008.

## Advertising

Older American adverts had actor Dick Wilson in them. He played the fake grocer Mr. George Whipple. He told customers "Please don't squeeze the Charmin!" in more than 500 commercials between 1964 and 1985.

The Charmin Bear began being used in 2000. This happened at the same time that Charmin became available in Canada. The Charmin Bear is now the mascot for Charmin Ultra Strong and Charmin Ultra Soft.

## European name change to "Cushelle"

From February 2010, Charmin's European name was changed to Cushelle by SCA.
There is also a new mascot, Koala which is a koala. Cushelle adverts are voiced-over by Robert Webb.

## Environment

In February 2009, Greenpeace asked people not to use Charmin toilet paper. They said that it does not use recycled paper and uses ECF bleaching.

## German rename to Zewa

In 2008, Charmin was renamed to Zewa in Germany. There was no mascot in the adverts. However, in the first Zewa advert, the Charmin Bear was seen.

## Other websites

- Charmin website
- Cushelle website
Follicle-stimulating hormone

**Follicle-stimulating hormone** (abbreviated **FSH** or sometimes called **Follitropine**) is a glycoprotein and hormone.

This hormone is made by the pituitary glands in the brain. It is made in the adeno hypophysis of pituitary gland. In females it controls the synthesising (making) process of progesterone and will cause the growth of follicles in the ovaries. In males, it will lead to the production of sperm. Other hormones control the release of FSH.

Luteinizing hormone will cause ovulation in females, or the production of testosterone in males.

## Related pages

- Peptide hormone
FSH

**FSH** may refer to:

## Medicine

- Follicle-stimulating hormone, a hormone that affects the reproductive system
- Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, a disease that causes progressive impairment of muscles

## Companies

- Fisher Scientific, a defunct American scientific equipment supplier
- Flash Airlines, an Egyptian airline
- Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, a Canadian hospitality management company
- Fox Sports Houston, a regional Fox Sports Net television station

## Other

- Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, Japanese professional baseball team
- FastTrack Scripting Host, a software product for Windows operating systems
- fish (Unix shell), an "exotic" Unix operating system shell
Henderson, Nevada

**Henderson** is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population of Henderson was 317,610 in 2020. Henderson is the second largest city in the state of Nevada behind Las Vegas. The city of Henderson is named after Senator Charles B. Henderson.

## Other websites

- Official City of Henderson website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Henderson
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: A Place to Call Home
- **image map**: Clark County Nevada Incorporated Areas Henderson highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location within Clark County
- **pushpin map**: Nevada#USA
- **pushpin label**: Henderson
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Nevada##Location within the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Nevada, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Nevada
- **subdivision name2**: Clark County, Nevada, Clark
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **named for**: Charles Henderson (Nevada politician), Charles Henderson
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 106.92
- **area land sq mi**: 106.43
- **area water sq mi**: 0.49
- **area total km2**: 276.94
- **area land km2**: 275.66
- **area water km2**: 1.27
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 317610
- **population density sq mi**: 2984.10
- **population density km2**: 1152.16
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 89002, 89009, 89011, 89012, 89014-89016, 89044, 89052, 89053, 89074, 89077
- **area code**: Area codes 702 and 725, 702 and 725
- **elevation ft**: 1864
- **elevation m**: 569
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 32-31900
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID = 0856267
Primm, Nevada

**Primm** is a small unincorporated community in Clark County, Nevada, United States. Primm was featured in the video game, Fallout: New Vegas where it had Vikki and Vance Casino which was based on Primm's Whiskey Pete's and the Bison Steve Hotel which was based on Buffalo Bill's Casino and had the roller coaster.

## Other websites

- Primm  on travelnevada.com
Provincial Assembly of Balochistan

The **Provincial Assembly of Balochistan** is one of the four provincial assemblies of Pakistan. The Balochistan assembly is the unicameral (single chamber) legislature of the province of Balochistan. It was set up by Article 106 of the Constitution of the Pakistan. The Assembly has 51 directly elected Members of the Provincial Assembly, representing constituencies from each district, as well as 11 seats reserved for women and 3 for non-Muslims.
Platybelodon

***Platybelodon*** was an extinct type of four-tusked elephant-like animals (Proboscidea). It is now placed in the  Amebelodontidae, a related group from the famous gomphotheres. These were large herbivores related to modern elephants. They lived in wet forests in Africa, Asia and the Caucasus.

These animals are commonly known as shovel tuskers. _Platybelodon_ lived during the Early Miocene epoch, about 1510 million years ago, about the same time as _Deinotherium_, _Amebelodon_ and the famous _Gomphotherium_.

## Palaeobiology

_Platybelodon_ was previously believed to have fed in the swampy areas of grassy savannas, using its teeth to shovel up aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation.

However, wear patterns on the teeth suggest that it used its lower tusks to strip bark from trees. They may have used the sharp incisors that formed the edge of the "shovel" more like a modern-day scythe, grasping branches with its trunk and rubbing them against the lower teeth to cut it from a tree. However, there is still speculation whether _Platybelodon_ had two different sexes: male or female traits.
George Reeves

**George Reeves** (January 5, 1914 – June 16, 1959) was an American actor.

## Biography

Reeves was born with the name of George Keefer Brewer in Woolstock, Iowa, U.S., son of Don Brewer and Helen Lescher. He moved to California at a young age with his mother Helen. Reeves started acting in high school and then continued to serve on student productions. In 1943, 17 months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Reeves enrolled in aviation until the end of World War II, putting his acting career on hold.

After a successful career, Reeves died on June 16, 1959. However, the manner of death is controversial. He was officially found to have committed suicide, but some people think he was murdered or a shooting victim.

## Career

He began his career playing small roles in short movies and movies as Ride, Cowboy, Ride (1939 short). In the classic movie starring Clark Gable, Gone with the Wind (1939), Reeves played of role Stuart Tarleton. In the 1940 Reeves continued to make appearances in movies such as Blood and Sand (1941) with Tyrone Power, So Proudly We Hail! (1943), Winged Victory (1944), Samson and Delilah (1949), and the Western starring by William Boyd Border Patrol (1943), Colt Comrades (1943), Bar 20 (1943). George Reeves got his first starring role in 1948 movie Jungle Goddess (1948), as Mike Patton, an explorer rescuing a young woman who has been kidnapped by an African tribe. He also accompanied Johnny Weissmuller in the Tarzan saga Jungle Jim (1948).

In the 1950s Reeves starred in several movies including Rancho Notorious (1952) with Marlene Dietrich - Arthur Kennedy and directed by Fritz Lang, Bugles in the Afternoon (1952) with Ray Milland, The Blue Gardenia (1953) by Fritz Lang, and without being listed in the credits had a role in Fred Zinnemann movie, From Here to Eternity (1953) with Burt Lancaster, Reeves as Sgt. Maylon Stark.

## Superman

He started work in television in 1948, and in 1952 he was hired to play the double character of Superman and Clark Kent in Adventures of Superman. The series was a success without precedent in American television and made Reeves famous. George Reeves played Superman for 102 episodes broadcast between 1952 and 1958.

## Television work

Reeves had guest appearances in television series such as _Kraft Television Theatre_ (1949-1952), _Believe It or Not_ (1950), _The Ford Television Theatre_ (1952), _Fireside Theatre_ (1952), and _I Love Lucy_ (1957) playing Superman.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: George Reeves
- **image**: Stamp Day for Superman (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Reeves in 1954
- **birth name**: George Keefer Brewer
- **birth place**: Woolstock, Iowa, United States, U.S.
- **death date**: (aged 45)
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **death cause**: Suicide by gunshot
- **occupation**: Actor
Goodsprings, Nevada

**Goodsprings** is a census-designated place in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population of Goodsprings was 162 at the 2020 census. Goodsprings was featured in the video game, Fallout: New Vegas where it is the first place the player wakes up in.

## Other websites

- Goodsprings Historical Society

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Goodsprings, Nevada
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: Goodsprings Nevada Pioneer Saloon 2.jpg
- **image caption**: The Goodsprings Pioneer Saloon.
- **image map**: Clark County Nevada Incorporated Areas Goodsprings highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 275px
- **map caption**: Location of Goodsprings in Clark County, Nevada
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Nevada
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Nevada, County
- **subdivision name2**: Clark County, Nevada, Clark
- **established title**: Founded
- **named for**: Joseph Good
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.53
- **area land km2**: 2.53
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.98
- **area land sq mi**: 0.98
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 162
- **population density km2**: 64.03
- **population density sq mi**: 165.81
- **timezone**: PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 3707
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 89019
- **area code**: Area codes 702 and 725, 702 and 725
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 32-29500
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID = 0845306
Johnny Guitar

***Johnny Guitar*** is a 1954 western movie. It was directed by Nicholas Ray. It stars Joan Crawford and Sterling Hayden. The movie received mixed reviews. The movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. _Johnny Guitar_ was adapted to a campy stage musical in 2004.

## Story

Vienna is a strong-willed, aggressive woman. She has built a saloon near an Arizona cattle town with money earned in her past life as a prostitute. She has a fiery relationship with the local cattlemen and townsfolk for many reasons. She supports the construction of a railroad across her land. This construction will make her land very valuable. The cattlemen oppose the railroad because it will bring sheepmen into the area. Sheepmen fence the land, making it difficult to herd cattle. She also permits a suspected stage robber called The Dancin' Kid to share her bed. His gang members hang out in her saloon. Vienna summons her ex-lover and reformed gunslinger Johnny Guitar to her side. She needs protection. The two renew their love.

One day The Dancin' Kid and his gang rob the town bank. The townsfolk suspect Vienna has played a part in the heist. Emma Small is a cattle rancher who has long hated Vienna. She leads the posse to Vienna's saloon and burns it to the ground. Emma persuades the men to hang Vienna. At the last second she is saved by Johnny Guitar. Vienna and Johnny escape. They find refuge in The Dancin' Kid's secret hideaway. The posse tracks them. The Kid and his men are killed. Emma challenges Vienna to a showdown. Vienna is wounded in the duel, but she kills Emma. A halt is called to the bloodbath by the posse's leader, McIvers. Vienna and Johnny depart, hopeful that better days lie ahead.

## Cast

- Joan Crawford as Vienna
- Sterling Hayden as Johnny Guitar/Johnny Logan
- Mercedes McCambridge as Emma Small
- Scott Brady as The Dancin' Kid
- Ward Bond as John McIvers
- Ben Cooper as Turkey Ralston
- Ernest Borgnine as Bart Lonergan
- John Carradine as Old Tom
- Royal Dano as Corey
- Frank Ferguson as Marshal Williams
- Paul Fix as Eddie
- Rhys Williams as Mr. Andrews
- Ian MacDonald as Pete

## Other websites

- The Johnny Guitar Musical's Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Johnny Guitar
- **image**: Johnny guitar.jpg
- **caption**: Original film poster, theatrical poster
- **director**: Nicholas Ray
- **producer**: Herbert J. Yates
- **writer**: Ben Maddow, credited to Philip Yordan
Roy Chanslor (novel)
- **starring**: Joan Crawford
Sterling Hayden
Mercedes McCambridge
Scott Brady
- **music**: Peggy Lee
Victor Young
- **cinematography**: Harry Stradling Sr.
- **editing**: Richard L. Van Enger
- **studio**: Republic Pictures
- **distributor**: RKO Radio Pictures
- **runtime**: 110 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Tequixquiac Municipality

**Tequixquiac** is a municipality in the state of México in Mexico.

The population of the municipality is 39,489 people. The seat of the municipality is Santiago Tequixquiac.

The municipality was formed in 1818.

## Government

|Mayor|Period|
| --- | --- |
|José Rafael Pérez Martínez|2000-2003|
|Gustavo Alonso Donis|2003-2006|
|Enrique Martinez Astorga|2006-2009|
|Xóchitl Ramirez Ramírez|2009-2012|
|Juan Carlos González|2013-2015|
|Salvador Raúl Vázquez|2015-2018|
|Gilberto Ramírez Domínguez|2019-2021|
|Luis Raúl Meneses García|2022-2024|

## Demography

|**Settlements**|**Population**|
| --- | --- |
|**Total Municipality**|**39,489**.|
|Santiago Tequixquiac|19,772|
|Tlapanaloya|6,294|
|San Miguel|2,754|
|Colonia Wenceslao Labra|1,248|
|Palo Grande|223|
|La Heredad|73|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tequixquiac
- **official name**: Tequixquiac
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Mexico State, Municipality
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: States of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: State of Mexico
- **image flag**: Flag of Tequixquiac.svg
- **image shield**: Glifo azteca de Tequixquiac.png
- **image map**: Mexico Estado de Mexico Tequixquiac location map.svg
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 39,489
- **population blank1 title**: Seat
- **population blank1**: 20,610
- **leader title**: Municipal president
- **leader name**: Luis Raúl Meneses García
- **subdivision type2**: Municipal seat
- **subdivision name2**: Santiago Tequixquiac
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
Boyz n the Hood

***Boyz n the Hood*** is a 1991 American hood movie that was produced by Steven Nicolaides and DJ Pooh and was directed by John Singleton. _Boyz n the Hood_ was released on July 12, 1991 in North America.

The movie received positive reviews with a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 73 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was selected to be in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress to be preserved because it was considered to be "culturally significant" in 2002. This movie was the directorial debut for John Singleton.

### 1984

The movie starts with a fight at school in Inglewood, California after a boy tells another that he is from Africa. The attacker's teacher calls his mother Reva. The attacker gets expelled for three days and comes home.

In Crenshaw, Tre reunites with his childhood friends, Darrin "Doughboy" Baker, Doughboy's half-brother Ricky, and their friend Chris. That night, Tre's father shoots at a burglar. The next day, Doughboy and Chris are being taken to prison for stealing.

### 7 years later

The movie shifts 7 years later when a party is held outside. Later, an augment the Bloods and Crips happens. Tre and Ricky are pulled over and an officer threatens Tre with a gun.

The next afternoon, Ricky has a fight with Doughboy. Ricky is later found dead.

The epilogue reveals that Ricky buried the next day and two weeks later Doughboy was murdered.

## Cast

- Cuba Gooding, Jr. (Desi Arnez Hines II, young) as Tre Styles
- Ice Cube (Baha Jackson, young) as Darrin "Doughboy" Baker
- Morris Chestnut (Donovan McCrary, young) as Ricky Baker
- Laurence Fishburne as Jason "Furious" Styles
- Nia Long as Brandi
- Tyra Ferrell as Brenda Baker
- Angela Bassett as Reva Devereaux-Styles
- Redge Green (Kenneth A. Brown, young) as Chris
- Dedrick D. Gobert as Dookie
- Baldwin C. Sykes as Monster
- Tracey Lewis-Sinclair as Shaniqua
- Alysia Rogers as Shanice
- Regina King as Shalika
- Lexie Bigham as Mad Dog
- Raymond Turner as Ferris

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Boyz n the Hood
- **director**: John Singleton
- **producer**: Steven Nicolaides
DJ Pooh
- **writer**: John Singleton
- **starring**: Cuba Gooding, Jr.
Ice Cube
Morris Chestnut
Laurence Fishburne, Larry Fishburne
- **music**: Stanley Clarke
- **cinematography**: Charles Mills
- **editing**: Bruce Cannon
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: July 12, 1991
- **runtime**: 112 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $6.5 million
- **gross**: $57,504,069
Top Gun

***Top Gun*** is a 1986 American action-drama movie set in San Diego, California. It was produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer and was directed by Tony Scott. _Top Gun_ was released on May 16, 1986 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews with a 45% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Roger Ebert gave the movie a 2.5 out of 4 stars.

## Awards

The movie won an Academy Award in 1987 for _Best Music, Original Song_ – Giorgio Moroder (music) and Tom Whitlock (lyrics) for the song "Take My Breath Away" and a Grammy Award for _Best Pop Instrumental Performance (Orchestra, Group or Soloist)_ – Harold Faltermeyer and Steve Stevens for "Top Gun Anthem".

## Cast

- Tom Cruise as Lt. Pete "Maverick" Mitchell
- Kelly McGillis as Charlotte "Charlie" Blackwood
- Anthony Edwards as Lt. (j.g.) Nick "Goose" Bradshaw
- Val Kilmer as Lt. Tom "Iceman" Kazansky
- Tom Skerritt as Cmdr. Mike "Viper" Metcalf
- Meg Ryan as Carol Bradshaw
- Michael Ironside as Lt. Cmdr. Rick "Jester" Heatherly
- John Stockwell as Lt. Bill "Cougar" Cortell
- Barry Tubb as Lt.(j.g.) Leonard "Wolfman" Wolfe
- Rick Rossovich as Lt. (j.g.) Ron "Slider" Kerner
- Tim Robbins as Lt. (j.g.) Sam "Merlin" Wells
- Clarence Gilyard, Jr. as Lt. (j.g.) Marcus "Sundown" Williams
- Whip Hubley as Lt. Rick "Hollywood" Neven
- James Tolkan as Cmdr. Tom "Stinger" Jordan
- Adrian Pasdar as Lt. Charlie "Chipper" Piper
- Linda Rae Jurgens as Mrs. Metcalf
- Ron Clark as the Inquiry Commanding Officer
- Brian Sheehan as "Sprawl"
- Duke Stroud as "Air Boss Johnson"
- Randall Brady as Lt. Davis

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Top Gun
- **director**: Tony Scott
- **producer**: Don Simpson
Jerry Bruckheimer
- **writer**: Ehud Yonay
Jim Cash
Jack Epps, Jr.
- **starring**: Tom Cruise
Kelly McGillis
Val Kilmer
Anthony Edwards
Tom Skerritt
- **music**: Harold Faltermeyer
- **cinematography**: Jeffrey L. Kimball
- **editing**: Chris Lebenzon
Billy Weber
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **released**: July 12, 1986
- **runtime**: 110 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $15 million
- **gross**: $353,816,701
Crimson Tide (movie)

***Crimson Tide*** is an 1995 submarine action/thriller movie that was produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer and was directed by Tony Scott. Crimson Tide was released on May 12, 1995 in North America.

The movie received positive reviews with a 87% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, Best Sound, and Best Sound Editing.

## Cast

- Denzel Washington as Lt. Commander Ron Hunter, Executive Officer
- Gene Hackman as Capt. Frank Ramsey, Commanding Officer
- George Dzundza as Chief of the Boat
- James Gandolfini as Lt. Bobby Dougherty, Supply Officer
- Matt Craven as Lt. Roy Zimmer, Communications Officer
- Viggo Mortensen as Lt. Peter 'Weps' Ince, Weapons Officer
- Rocky Carroll as Lt. Darik Westergard, Operations Officer
- Danny Nucci as Petty Officer Danny Rivetti, SONAR Supervisor
- Rick Schroder as Lt. Paul Hellerman

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Crimson Tide
- **director**: Tony Scott
- **producer**: Don Simpson
Jerry Bruckheimer
- **screenplay**: Michael Schiffer
Quentin Tarantino (uncredited)
- **story**: Michael Schiffer
Richard P. Henrick
- **starring**: Denzel Washington
Gene Hackman
- **music**: Hans Zimmer
- **cinematography**: Dariusz Wolski
- **editing**: Chris Lebenzon
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Pictures
- **studio**: Walt Disney Pictures
Hollywood Pictures
Don Simpson, Simpson/Jerry Bruckheimer, Bruckheimer
- **released**: May 12, 1995
- **runtime**: 116 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $53 million
- **gross**: $157,387,195
Face/Off

***Face/Off*** is an 1997 American science fiction action thriller movie that was directed by John Woo. _Face/Off_ was released on June 27, 1997 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 82 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast

- John Travolta as Sean Archer/Castor Troy
- Nicolas Cage as Castor Troy/Sean Archer
- Joan Allen as Dr. Eve Archer
- Alessandro Nivola as Pollux Troy
- Gina Gershon as Sasha Hassler
- Dominique Swain as Jamie Archer
- Nick Cassavetes as Dietrich Hassler
- Harve Presnell as Victor Lazarro
- Colm Feore as Dr. Malcolm Walsh
- C. C. H. Pounder as Dr. Hollis Miller
- John Carroll Lynch as Walton
- Robert Wisdom as Tito
- Thomas Jane as Burke Hicks
- James Denton as Buzz
- Margaret Cho as Wanda
- Matt Ross as Loomis
- Chris Bauer as Dubov
- Danny Masterson as Karl
- Tommy Flanagan as Leo

## Other websites

- _Face/Off_ at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Face/Off
- **director**: John Woo
- **producer**: David Permut
Barrie M. Osborne
Terence Chang
Christopher Godsick
- **writer**: Mike Werb
Michael Colleary
- **starring**: John Travolta
Nicolas Cage
Joan Allen
Gina Gershon
Alessandro Nivola
- **music**: John Powell
- **cinematography**: Oliver Wood
- **editing**: Steven Kemper
Christian Wagner
- **studio**: Paramount Pictures
Touchstone Pictures
Permut Presentations
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures (United States)
Buena Vista International (International)
- **released**: June 27, 1997 (United States)
- **runtime**: 138 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $80 million
- **gross**: $245.7 million
Broken Arrow (1996 movie)

***Broken Arrow*** is an 1996 action/thriller movie that was produced by Bill Badalato, Terence Chang and Mark Gordon and was directed by John Woo. Broken Arrow was released on February 9, 1996 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews with a 57% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 61 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast

- John Travolta as USAF Major Vic "Deak" Deakins
- Christian Slater as USAF Captain Riley Hale
- Samantha Mathis as Park Ranger Terry Carmichael
- Delroy Lindo as USAF Colonel Max Wilkins
- Bob Gunton as Pritchett
- Frank Whaley as Giles Prentice
- Howie Long as USAF Master Sergeant Aaron Kelly
- Vondie Curtis-Hall as USAF Chief Master Sergeant Sam Rhodes
- Kurtwood Smith as Secretary of Defense Baird
- Carmen Argenziano as USAF Brigadier General Boone
- Jack Thompson as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

## Other websites

- Broken Arrow at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Broken Arrow
- **director**: John Woo
- **producer**: Bill Badalato
Terence Chang
Mark Gordon
- **writer**: Graham Yost
- **starring**: John Travolta
Christian Slater
Samantha Mathis
Delroy Lindo
- **music**: Hans Zimmer
- **editing**: Joe Hutshing
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **released**: June 27, 1997
- **runtime**: 141 mins.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $55 million
- **gross**: $150,270,147
Windtalkers

***Windtalkers*** is an 2003 American war movie that was directed by John Woo and produced by Terence Chang, Tracie Graham-Rice and Alison Rosenzweig. It is based on the real story of Navajo code talkers during World War II. The movie was released on June 14, 2003 in the United States.

It was a box office bomb, which made $77.6 million worldwide at the box office, compared to its budget of $115 million.

The movie also received negative movie reviews with a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Roger Ebert gave the movie 2 stars out of 5.

## Cast

- Nicolas Cage as Sergeant Joe Enders
- Adam Beach as Private Ben Yahzee
- Roger Willie as Private Charlie Whitehorse
- Peter Stormare as Gunnery Sergeant Hjelmstad
- Noah Emmerich as Private First Class Chick
- Mark Ruffalo as Corporal Pappas
- Brian Van Holt as Private Harrigan
- Martin Henderson as Private First Class Nellie
- Christian Slater as Sergeant Pete "Ox" Anderson
- Frances O'Connor as Rita
- Jason Isaacs as Major Mellitz
- Billy Morts as Fortino
- Cameron Thor as Mertens

## Other websites

- Windtalkers' Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Windtalkers
- **director**: John Woo
- **producer**: Terence Chang
Tracie Graham-Rice
Alison Rosenzweig
- **writer**: John Rice
Joe Batteer
- **starring**: Nicolas Cage
Adam Beach
Roger Willie
Mark Ruffalo
Peter Stormare
Noah Emmerich
Christian Slater
- **music**: James Horner
- **cinematography**: Jeffrey Kimball
- **editing**: Jeff Gullo
Steven Kemper
Tom Rolf
- **distributor**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, MGM
- **released**: June 27, 2003
- **runtime**: 134 mins.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English (language), English
Navajo language, Navajo
Japanese language, Japanese
- **budget**: $115 million
- **gross**: $77,628,265
Ghost Rider (movie)

***Ghost Rider*** is a 2007 American supernatural superhero horror  action movie that was produced by Avi Arad, Stan Lee, David S. Goyer, Michael DeLuca and Gary Foster and was directed by Mark Steven Johnson. The movie was based on the Marvel Comics character of same name. Ghost Rider was released on February 16, 2007 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic gave the movie a 35 out of 100.

## Cast

- Matt Long as Young Johnny Blaze
- Raquel Alessi (born March 1983) (who was a Kidsongs girl with blonde hair (who replaced Divita Wright with blonde hair Kidsongs who was departed from there in 1987) in 1989-1990 to be departed from Kidsongs in 1990 and replaced by Ashley Nation with blonde hair on Kidsongs in 1992) as Young Roxanne Simpson
- Brett Cullen as Barton Blaze
- Peter Fonda as Mephistopheles
- Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider
- Donal Logue as Mack
- Matt Norman as Team Blaze
- Wes Bentley as Blackheart
- Jessica Napier as Broken Spoke Waitress
- Eva Mendes as Roxanne Simpson
- Ryan Johnson as Waiter
- Rebel Wilson as Girl in Alley
- Sam Elliott as Caretaker
- David Roberts as Captain Dolan
- Brett Swain as Guard
- Duncan Young as Skinhead
- Joel Tobeck as Redneck
- Richard Cox as Helicoper Pilot
- Ling-Hsueh Tang as News Reporter

## Other websites

- Ghost Rider's Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Ghost Rider
- **director**: Mark Steven Johnson
- **producer**: Avi Arad
Stan Lee
David S. Goyer
Michael DeLuca
Gary Foster
- **writer**: Mark Steven Johnson
- **starring**: Nicolas Cage
Eva Mendes
Wes Bentley
Sam Elliott
Donal Logue
Peter Fonda
- **music**: Christopher Young
- **cinematography**: Russell Boyd
- **editing**: Richard Francis-Bruce
- **studio**: Columbia Pictures
Marvel Studios
Crystal Sky Pictures
Relativity Media
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: February 16, 2007
- **runtime**: 114 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
Navajo language, Navajo
Spanish language, Spanish
- **budget**: United States dollar, $110 million
- **gross**: $228,738,393
Mayan pyramid

The **Maya pyramids** are structures built in the jungles of Central America by the Maya civilization between 200 and AD. Unlike the straight sides of the more commonly known Egyptian pyramids, the sides of Maya pyramids are stepped–sometimes for the purpose of enabling people to ascend to the top. Moreover, Egyptian pyramids have sharper tips, while Mesoamerican (including Maya) pyramids tend to have flatter tops. These flatter tops accommodate certain ceremonies, such as sacrificial rituals, and temples for gods.

The pyramids served a variety of very important functions. Apart from the religious ceremonies, Maya pyramids were used as landmarks to aid in navigation. In the jungle where these pyramids were built, the pyramids were so tall that they could be seen above the trees. Finally, in pyramids, there were burial chambers for the highest-ranking officials, just as in

## Tikal

A whole complex of Maya pyramids can be found at the ruins of the ancient Maya city of Tikal. The pyramids at Tikal were the tallest structures in all of the Americas for around 1,000  years, until 1903, when the Flatiron building was constructed in New York City. There are a total of sixteen pyramids at Tikal, which is now a national park in Guatemala.

Tikal was one of the largest urban centers of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Its population may have reached 90,000 people, which is surprising because the swampland at Tikal was unstable for habitation or agriculture. It is located in the tropical rainforests which today is northern Guatemala. The name Tikal comes from _ti ak'al_ which means "water hole".

The pyramids at Tikal all face one another. The rooms at the top of the pyramids have depressions in the walls which amplify sound and project it in all directions. Because of this, the normal speaking voice of a person at the top of one pyramid can be heard by someone standing at the top of another pyramid a great distance away.
Edward Tatum

**Edward Lawrie Tatum** (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist.

He shared half of the  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958 with George Beadle for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism. The other half of that year's award went to Joshua Lederberg.

Beadle and Tatum's experiments exposed the bread mold _Neurospora crassa_ to x-rays, causing mutations. They showed the mutations caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. These experiments, published in 1941, led them to propose a direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis.

Tatum went on to study genetics in bacteria. Tatum and his student Lederberg showed that _Escherichia coli_ could share genetic information through recombination.

Ed Tatum was born in Boulder, Colorado. He attended college at the University of Chicago and received his PhD in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1934. Starting in 1937, he worked at Stanford University, where he began his collaboration with Beadle. He then moved to Yale University in 1945 where he mentored Lederberg. He returned to Stanford in 1948 and then joined the faculty of Rockefeller Institute in 1957. A heavy cigarette smoker, he died in New York City of heart failure complicated by chronic emphysema.

## References

- _Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962_, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964
- _Biographical Memoirs: National Academy of Sciences_, Volume 59, National Academy Press, 1990

## Other websites

- Nobel biography

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Edward Tatum
- **image**: Edward Lawrie Tatum.jpg
- **birth date**: December 14, 1909
- **birth place**: Boulder, Colorado, United States, USA
- **death place**: New York City, United States, USA
- **field**: Genetics
- **alma mater**: University of Chicago
 University of Wisconsin–Madison
- **work institution**: Stanford University
 Yale University
 Rockefeller Institute
- **known for**: Gene regulation of biochemical events within cells
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Abbey Dawn

**Abbey Dawn** is a clothing line designed by musician Avril Lavigne. It was designed only for Kohl's in the US. The name is from Lavigne's childhood. Her father had nicknamed her "Abbey Dawn", and her high school friends would often call her "Abbey".

Abbey Dawn is featured in Lavigne's 2011 single, _What the Hell_. There, the latter enters a vintage clothing store.

pl:Avril Lavigne#Abbey Dawn
Eimear

**Emer**, in modern Irish **Éimhear**, or, **Eimhear** or **Éimear**, is the wife of the hero Cú Chulainn in Irish mythology. She is the daughter of Forgall Monach.

Emer was a very common name for girls around the Midlands of Ireland. The name means that she has the "Six Gifts of Womanhood" – "beauty, a gentle voice, sweet words, wisdom, needlework and chastity".

As a child, She was to one day be married to the warrior Cuchulainn. They loved each other very much. But Cuchulainn was attracted to many women. Emer accepted this. She believed that "everything new is fair." But, when he made love to Fand, wife of the sea god Manannan, Emer had to say something. After seeing how much Fand loved him, Emer said she would leave him and let them be together. Fand felt this showed that Emer thought more of others than she did of herself. Fand left Cuchulainn to be with Emer and went back to the sea. When Cuchulainn died, Emer spoke lovingly at his graveside.
Capital Dynamos

**Capital Dynamos** is the internal hockey team for the Islamabad Capital Territory in Pakistan. It is part of the Pakistan Hockey Federation.
Northern Cavaliers

**Northern Cavaliers** is a field hockey team for the Gilgit–Baltistan in Pakistan.  They are part of the Pakistan Hockey Federation.