juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Muscle atrophy

**Muscle atrophy** or “muscle wastage” is a medical problem where a person loses muscle tissue.  This makes the person's muscles weaker.  With muscle atrophy, muscles can shrink completely, or only partly.

Many older people have muscular atrophy. Muscle atrophy can also happen to people with certain diseases or medical conditions, like cancer, AIDS, congestive heart failure, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and renal failure (where the kidneys do not work correctly).  Muscles can get smaller and weaker when those muscles are not used as much as usual - for example, when a person has to wear a cast for a broken arm or leg, or when a person must be on bed rest for a long time during a long illness.  Muscle atrophy can also be caused by Dejerine Sottas syndrome, cachexia, burns, liver failure, and starvation.

Muscular atrophy can cause serious problems in a person's life.  As the person loses muscle strength, they will lose the ability to do more and more things.  When they try to do things, they will be more likely to have accidents.  Muscular atrophy increases the risks of falling.

No one knows exactly what causes muscular atrophy. It may be due to the gradual failure in the "satellite cells" which help to regenerate skeletal muscle fibres, and a decrease in sensitivity to or the availability of secreted growth factors which are necessary to maintain muscle mass and satellite cell survival.

In muscle atrophy, the normal balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation changes.  There is a down-regulation of protein synthesis pathways, and an activation of protein breakdown pathways.  In the ATP-dependent ubiquitin/proteasome pathway,  particular proteins are targeted for destruction by the ligation of at least four copies of a small peptide called ubiquitin onto a substrate protein. The substrate is later targeted for destruction by the proteasome.

Muscle atrophy can be treated
- by exercise which induces an increase in muscle mass. The exercise downregulates the pathways which induce muscle hypertrophy, or an increase in muscle size.
- by the use of functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the muscles. This has been  successful in the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients.
- by therapy with muscle-building amino acids for regenerating damaged or atrophied muscle tissue. The branched-chain amino acids or BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are critical to this process, in addition to lysine and other amino acids.
33rd Annie Awards

The **33rd Annual Annie Awards** were held on 4 February 2006 at the Alex Theatre in Glendale, California. They were hosted by Tom Kenny.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are highlighted in **boldface.**

### Best Animated Feature

- _Chicken Little_
- _Corpse Bride_
- _Howl's Moving Castle_
- _Madagascar (film)_
- ***Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit***

### Best Home Entertainment Production

- _Bionicle 3: Web of Shadows_
- _Kronk's New Groove_
- ***Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has A Glitch***
- _Tarzan II_
- _The Batman vs Dracula_

### Best Animated Short Subject

- ***The Fan and the Flower***
- _Life in Transition_
- _Milch_
- _Moongirl_
- _The Moon and the Son: An Imagined Conversation_

### Best Animated Television Commercial

- ConocoPhillips - "1975"
- They Might Be Giants - "Bastard Wants to Hit Me"
- Coke - "Futbol"
- GE - "Tower"
- _'United Airlines - "Mr. Pants"

### Best Animated Television Production

- _Avatar: The Last Airbender_
- _Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends_
- _My Life As a Teenage Robot_
- ***Star Wars: Clone Wars***
- _The Batman_

### Best Animated Video Game

- _Psychonauts_
- _Resident Evil 4_
- _SpongeBob SquarePants: Lights, Camera, Pants!_
- _Tak: The Great Juju Challenge''
- ***Ultimate Spider-Man***
Genesis Award

The **Genesis Awards** are awarded annually to major news and entertainment personalities and media for producing outstanding works which raise public understanding of animal issues. Presented by The Humane Society of the United States, the awards show takes place every March in Beverly Hills, California. The awards have honored such well-known personalities as Peter Gabriel, Jane Goodall, Peter Jennings, David E. Kelley, Sir Paul McCartney, Arthur Miller and Prince as well as journalists, film and documentary writers and producers, print and broadcast news outlets in the United States.

The Genesis award was launched in 1986, by animal advocate, actress and Broadway star Gretchen Wyler.

## Other websites

- Genesis Awards
- The Hollywood office of the HSUS
- The Humane Society of the United States
Chromium oxide

**Chromium oxide** can refer to any of these compounds:

- Chromium(II) oxide, basic, reducing agent, black
- Chromium(III) oxide, basic, unreactive, green
- Chromium(IV) oxide, black, crystalline, hard to make
- Chromium(VI) oxide, acidic, strong oxidizing agent, red, toxic

## Related pages

- Chromic acid, a mixture of chromium(VI) oxide and water
Chromium(II) oxide

**Chromium(II) oxide** is a chemical compound. It contains chromium in its +2 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is CrO. It reacts with oxygen when heated to produce chromium(III) oxide. It is a reducing agent. It is made by reduction of chromium(III) oxide by hypophosphites.

## Related pages

- Chromium(IV) oxide
- Chromate
- Chromium(VI) oxide
Chromium(IV) oxide

**Chromium(IV) oxide** is a chemical compound. It is used in audio cassettes. Its chemical formula is CrO<sub>2</sub>. It is made by heating chromium(VI) oxide and water at very high pressures. It is a black crystalline solid.

## Related pages

- Chromium(II) oxide
- Chromium(III) oxide
- Chromium(VI) oxide
Disproportionation

**Disproportionation** is a redox reaction in which an electron from one atom is taken by another one, making two different chemicals. It is the opposite of **symproportionation**, which is the giving of electrons from one atom to another atom, It makes one chemical from two different chemicals.

## Example of disproportionation

Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) reacts with itself when it is dried. One atom gives two electrons away to two other atoms. The first atom becomes sodium chlorate, while the other two that got the electrons becomes sodium chloride.
3 NaClO → 2 NaCl + NaClO<sub>3</sub>

## Example of symproportionation

Ferric ions react with iron metal. Two ferric ions give two electrons (one electron for each atom) to one iron atom. The ferric ion becomes a ferrous ion. The iron also becomes a ferrous ion.
2 Fe<sup>3+</sup> + Fe → 3 Fe<sup>2+</sup>

## Related pages

- Deprotonation
- Protonation
- Chemistry
Sodium chlorate

**Sodium chlorate** is a chemical compound. It is a crystalline solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Its chemical formula is NaClO<sub>3</sub>. It contains sodium and chlorate ions. It is made by electrolysis of a hot sodium chloride solution. It is used as a herbicide. It is toxic because of its oxidizing properties. It is mostly known to be used as non-selective herbicide.

## Related pages

- Potassium chlorate
- Perchlorate
- Chlorate
- Sodium chlorite
Hypophosphite

**Hypophosphite**, also known as **phosphinate**, is an ion. Its chemical formula is . It contains phosphorus in its +1 oxidation state. It is made by disproportionation of phosphorus in warm alkali. Phosphine is also produced. It is a strong reducing agent. Chemical compounds that contain the hypophosphite ions are called hypophosphites. They are poisonous. Hypophosphites are salts of hypophosphorous acid.

## Related pages

- Phosphite
- Phosphate
- Sodium hypophosphite
Nigel Short

**Nigel David Short** MBE (born 1 June 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest English chess player of the 20th century. He became a Grandmaster at age 19. He challenged for the World Chess Championship against Garry Kasparov at London 1993. Still active, Short continues to enjoy international success. He is also a chess columnist, coach and commentator.

Short's best achievement was in the World Candidates matches of 1992, when he beat world-class players Boris Gelfand, Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman to reach the final. In the World Championship match, London 1993, he was decisively beaten by the reigning World Champion, Gary Kasparov. The match caused controversy because the two players broke away from FIDE, for reasons mostly to do with the prize money.

Short has played 21 times for England in Chess Olympiads, and European and World Team championships. He has been living in Greece with his wife and children for a number of years.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Nigel Short
- **image**: Nigelshort01.jpg
- **birthname**: Nigel Short
- **placebirth**: Leigh, Greater Manchester, Leigh, England
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2686
<small>(No. 47 on the March 2010
FIDE ratings list)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2712 (April 2004)
Sodium hypophosphite

**Sodium hypophosphite** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>. It contains sodium and hypophosphite ions.

## Properties

It is a white solid. It is a strong reducing agent. When it is heated, it produces phosphine gas and sodium phosphite. It is quite poisonous. It can be oxidized to sodium phosphate.

## Preparation

It is made by heating white phosphorus in sodium hydroxide solution. This makes phosphine gas and sodium hypophosphite.

## Uses

It is used for nickel plating without doing electrolysis.

## Related pages

- Phosphorus
- Phosphate
- Hypochlorite
Steve Yzerman

**Stephen Gregory "Steve" Yzerman** (born May 9, 1965) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and current general manager of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. Yzerman played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Detroit Red Wings and is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. He has three daughters, the youngest being Sophia Yzerman, middle is Maria Yzerman, and the eldest is Isabella Yzerman. All three of them attended Academy of the Sacred Heart in Bloomfield Hills, MI, with the Isabella at University of Michigan. He won an gold medal with Team Canada at the 2002 Winter Olympics. This made Yzerman one of few players to win an Olympic gold medal and the Stanley Cup in the same year.

Yzerman retired as the longest serving Captain in North American Sports history.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Steve Yzerman
- **halloffame**: 2009
- **image**: Steve Yzerman 2012.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Yzerman in 2012
- **birth place**: Cranbrook, British Columbia, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 180
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: Detroit Red Wings
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **draft**: 4th overall
- **draft year**: 1983
- **draft team**: Detroit Red Wings
- **career start**: 1983
- **career end**: 2006
Union City, California

**Union City** is a city in Alameda County, California. Union City formed in the year 1959. The population of Union City was 70,143 in 2020.
Shayne Graham

**Michael Shayne "The Franchise" Graham** (born December 9, 1977 in Radford, Virginia) is an American former professional football placekicker and coach. He played parts of 17 years in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Buffalo Bills, Carolina Panthers, Cincinnati Bengals, New York Giants, New England Patriots, Miami Dolphins, Baltimore Ravens, Houston Texans, Pittsburgh Steelers, New Orleans Saints, and Atlanta Falcons.

Graham played college football at Virginia Tech University. He was inducted into the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.

On February 6, 2017, Graham announced that he was retiring from playing professional football.

## Other websites

- Shayne Graham at baltimoreravens.com

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Shayne Graham
- **image**: Shayne Graham 2006-11-05.jpg
- **caption**: Graham with the Bengals in 2006
- **position**: Special teams analyst
- **birth place**: Radford, Virginia
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lbs**: 210
- **high school**: Pulaski County High School (Virginia), Dublin (VA) Pulaski County
- **college**: Virginia Tech Hokies football, Virginia Tech
- **undraftedyear**: 2000
- **pastteams**: * Richmond Speed (2000)
* New Orleans Saints ()*
* Seattle Seahawks ()*
* Buffalo Bills ()
* Seattle Seahawks ()*
* Carolina Panthers ()
* Cincinnati Bengals (–)
* Baltimore Ravens ()*
* New York Giants ()
* New England Patriots ()
* Washington Redskins ()*
* Dallas Cowboys ()*
* Miami Dolphins ()
* Baltimore Ravens ()
* Houston Texans ()
* Cleveland Browns ()*
* Pittsburgh Steelers ()
* New Orleans Saints (–)
* Atlanta Falcons ()
- **pastcoaching**: * Central Michigan Chippewas football, Central Michigan (2017)
Special Teams Coordinator
* Michigan State Spartans football, Michigan State (2018–present)
Special Teams Analyst
* Florida Gators football, Florida (2020–2021)
Special teams quality control
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * Pro Bowl (2006 Pro Bowl, 2005)
* First-team All-Pro (2005 All-Pro Team, 2005)
- **statlabel1**: Field goal (American and Canadian football), Field goals
- **statvalue1**: 277
- **statlabel2**: Field goal attempts
- **statvalue2**: 324
- **statlabel3**: Field goal %
- **statvalue3**: 85.5%
- **statlabel4**: Long field goal
- **statvalue4**: 54
- **statlabel5**: Touchbacks
- **statvalue5**: 77
- **nflnew**: shaynegraham/2504162
- **pfr**: grahasha01
Fiat 500 (1957)

The **Fiat 500** is a car produced by the Fiat company of Italy between 1957 and 1975. The car was designed by Dante Giacosa. In 2007 Fiat launched a similar car, the Fiat Nuova 500.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Fiat 500
- **image**: Fiat 500 front 20071020.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Fiat
- **aka**: FIAT
- **production**: Italy
- **assembly**: Turin, Torino, Italy
- **predecessor**: Fiat 500 "Topolino"
- **successor**: Fiat 126
Fiat 500 (2007)
- **class**: City car
- **body style**: 2-door sedan
3-door estate
- **layout**: Rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout, RR layout
- **engine**: 479 cc Straight-two engine, I2
499 cc Straight-two engine, I2
594 cc Straight-two engine, I4
- **transmission**: 4-speed manual
- **length**: 2,970 mm (116.9in )
- **width**: 1,320 mm (52.0 in )
- **height**: 1,320 mm (52.0 in)
- **weight**: 499 kg (1,100 ib)
- **designer**: Dante Giacosa
- **sp**: us
Fiat Marea

The **Fiat Marea** is a car produced by Fiat. It replaced both the Fiat Tempra and the Fiat Croma in 1996, and were replaced by the Fiat Stilo Multi Wagon in 2002.

### Petrol

- _1.4 12V_ 59 kW (80 hp)
- _1.6 16V_ 76 kW (103 hp)
- _1.8 16V_ 83 kW (113 hp)
- _2.0 20V_ 108 kW (147 hp), 110 kW (150 hp) and 113 kW (154 hp)

### Diesel

- _1.9 TD_ 55 kW (75 hp) and 74 kW (100 hp)
- _1.9 JTD_ 77 kW (105 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)
- _2.4 TD_ 91 kW (124 hp)
- _2.4 JTD_ 96 kW (130 hp)
Phosphite

**Phosphite** (systematic name: **phosphonate**) is an ion. Its chemical formula is . It contains phosphorus in its +3 oxidation state. Chemical compounds containing the phosphite ion are called phosphites. Phosphites are the salts of phosphorous acid. They are poisonous. They are reducing agents. An example would be sodium phosphite.

## Related pages

- Phosphate
- Hypophosphite
- Phosphorus
Hypophosphorous acid

**Hypophosphorous acid**, also known as **phosphinic acid**, is a chemical compound. It is an acid. It contains hydrogen and hypophosphite ions. Its chemical formula is H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>.

## Properties

It is a colorless solid. It can absorb water to make an oily liquid. It is a weak acid. It reacts with bases to make hypophosphite salts such as sodium hypophosphite. It is a powerful reducing agent. It breaks down when heated into phosphine and phosphorous acid.

## Preparation

It is made by protonation of hypophosphites.

## Uses

It can be used as a reducing agent. It is also used to make medicines. It can be used to make illegal drugs, which is why it is restricted. It is used to plate metal on objects without using electroplating.

## Related pages

- Phosphoric acid
- Phosphorus
Sodium phosphite

**Sodium phosphite** is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and phosphite ions. Its chemical formula is HNa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>P.

## Properties

It is a white solid. It is a salt of phosphorous acid. It is poisonous. It is a reducing agent.

## Preparation

Sodium phosphite is made by reacting sodium hydroxide with phosphorous acid.

## Related pages

- Sodium phosphate
- Sodium hypophosphite
- Phosphine

## Other websites

- Chem Spider (has formula and diagram)
Phosphorous acid

**Phosphorous acid** is a chemical compound. It is an acid. Its chemical formula is H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>. It contains hydrogen and phosphite ions.

## Properties

It is a white solid. It absorbs water. It is a strong reducing agent. It can be deprotonated twice. When it is heated, it turns into phosphoric acid and phosphine. It is toxic. Salts of phosphorous acid is called phosphites. It reacts with mercury(II) chloride to make mercury(I) chloride. If it still is kept, it reacts with mercury(I) chloride to make mercury.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting phosphorus(III) oxide with water. It is also prepared by reaction of phosphorus trichloride with water, which produces hydrochloric acid too.

## Uses

It is used as a reducing agent. It is also used to kill certain bacteria that grow on plants.

## Related pages

- Hypophosphorous acid
- Phosphorus
Phosphorus(V) oxide

**Phosphorus(V) oxide**, also known as **phosphorus pentoxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>. It contains phosphorus and oxide ions. It contains phosphorus in its +5 oxidation state.

## Properties

Phosphorus(V) oxide is a colourless solid. It has a strong odor. It dissolves in water to produce phosphoric acid. It can corrode metals. It is irritating to the skin. It can make bad burns.

## Preparation

It is made by burning phosphorus into high amounts of air.

## Uses

It is used to dry things out because it absorbs water. It dries things out from acids like nitric acid to organic compounds like carboxylic acids.

## Safety

Phosphorus(V) oxide is corrosive. Its vapors are toxic and burn the eyes and skin. It also irritates skin and eyes.

## Related pages

- Phosphorus(III) oxide
- Hypophosphite
- Phosphite
Phosphorus(III) oxide

**Phosphorus(III) oxide**, also known as **phosphorus trioxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>. It contains phosphorus in its +3 oxidation state. It contains phosphorus and oxide ions.

## Properties

It is a white, waxy solid that can absorb water. It reacts with water to make phosphorous acid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make phosphorus trichloride and phosphorous acid. It is a reducing agent. It is toxic and has a garlic-like odor.

## Preparation

It is made by burning phosphorus in a little air. This is the source of many phosphorus compounds.

## Uses

It can attach to certain transition metals.

## Related pages

- Phosphorus(V) oxide
- Phosphate
- Phosphite
Phosphorus trichloride

**Phosphorus trichloride** is a chemical compound. It is a molecular compound made up of phosphorus covalently bonded to three chlorine atoms. The phosphorus is considered to be in a 3+ oxidation state and each chlorine is considered to be in a 1- oxidation state. The chemical formula is PCl<sub>3</sub>.

## Properties

It is a colorless liquid. It reacts with water to make phosphorous acid and hydrochloric acid. It is very toxic. It is a weak reducing agent.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting extra phosphorus with chlorine. It is used to make phosphorous acid industrially (in factories).

## Uses

It is used to make organic compounds. It is also used to make other phosphorus compounds.

## Related pages

- Phosphorus(III) oxide
- Phosphorus(V) oxide
- Hypophosphite
Phosphoric acid

**Phosphoric acid**, also known as **orthophosphoric acid**, is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. It contains hydrogen and phosphate ions. Its official IUPAC name is **trihydroxidooxidophosphorus**.

## Properties

Phosphoric acid is a white solid. It melts easily to make a viscous liquid. It tastes sour when diluted (mixed with a lot of water). It can be deprotonated three times. It is very strong, although not as much as the other acids like hydrochloric acid. It does not have any odor. It is corrosive when concentrated. Salts of phosphoric acid are called phosphates.

## Preparation

Phosphoric acid can be made by dissolving phosphorus(V) oxide in water. This makes a very pure phosphoric acid that is good for food. A less pure form is made by reacting sulfuric acid with phosphate rock. This can be purified to make food-grade phosphoric acid if needed.

## Uses

It is used to make sodas sour. It is also used when a nonreactive acid is needed. It can be used to make hydrogen halides, such as hydrogen chloride. Phosphoric acid is heated with a sodium halide to make the hydrogen halide and sodium phosphate. It is used to react with rust to make black iron(III) phosphate, which can be scraped off, leaving pure iron. It can be used to clean teeth.

There are many minor uses of phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid with a certain isotope of phosphorus is used for nuclear magnetic resonance. It is also used as an electrolyte in some fuel cells. It can be used as a flux. It can etch certain things in semiconductor making.

## Safety

Phosphoric acid is one of the least toxic acids. When it is diluted, it just has a sour taste. When it is concentrated, it can corrode metals.

## Related pages

- Phosphorous acid
- Hypophosphorous acid
- Phosphorus compounds
Sodium phosphate

**Sodium phosphate** is a group of chemical compounds made from sodium and phosphoric acid. As a triprotic acid, phosphoric acid has three hydrogen atoms that can be replaced by sodium in a chemical reaction. Depending on how many atoms are replaced, one of three compounds is made.

## Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

**Sodium dihydrogen phosphate**, also known as **monosodium phosphate**, is a chemical compound with the formula NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. It is acidic. It is used in some baking powders. It is used as a laxative or a pH buffer (something that keeps a chemical from getting more acidic or basic). It is made by reaction of a little sodium hydroxide with phosphoric acid.

## Disodium hydrogen phosphate

**Disodium hydrogen phosphate**, also known as **disodium phosphate** is a chemical compound with the formula Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>. It is about neutral (not acidic or basic). It is used to prevent clumping in foods. It is made by reaction of some sodium hydroxide with phosphorus.

## Trisodium phosphate

**Trisodium phosphate**, also known as **sodium phosphate**, is a chemical compound with the formula Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. It is basic. It formerly was used in detergents, but the phosphate fueled algal blooms. It is made by combining sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid.

## Related pages

- Phosphite
- Sodium phosphite
- Hypophosphite
Chris Kuper

**Christopher Kuper** (born December 19, 1982 in Anchorage, Alaska) is an American football Offensive guard for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). Kuper played college football at the University of North Dakota and was drafted by the Denver Broncos with the 161st pick in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft.

## Other websites

- Chris Kuper at denverbroncos.com

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Chris Kuper
- **image**: Chris Kuper.JPG
- **image size**: 275px
- **caption**: Kuper in 2009
- **current team**: Denver Broncos
- **position**: Assistant offensive line coach
- **birth place**: Anchorage, Alaska
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 303
- **high school**: Dimond High School, Anchorage (AK) Dimond
- **college**: University of North Dakota football, North Dakota
- **draftyear**: 2006
- **draftround**: 5
- **draftpick**: 161
- **pastteams**: * Denver Broncos (–)
- **highlights**: * Denver Broncos Offensive Co-Captain (2010)
- **pastcoaching**: * Miami Dolphins ()
Offensive quality control coach
* Miami Dolphins (–)
Assistant offensive line coach
* Denver Broncos (–present)
Assistant offensive line coach
- **statlabel1**: Games played
- **statvalue1**: 90
- **statlabel2**: Games started
- **statvalue2**: 79
- **statlabel3**: Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue3**: 1
- **nflnew**: chriskuper/2495882
The Blackout (band)

**The Blackout** is a Welsh rock band from Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. The Blackout has six members in the band; the current band members are Sean Smith, Gavin Butler, Matthew Davies, James Davies, Rhys Lewis and Gareth Lawrence.

## Career

In 2003 a band called Ten Minute Preview was formed out of boredom and was named after the New York City blackout of 1977. The band currently has Sean Smith on Vocals, Gavin Butler on Vocals, Matthew Davies on Guitar and backing vocals, James Davies on Guitar and backing vocals, Rhys Lewis on Bass guitar and Gareth Lawrence on Drums and Backing vocals and they are all original members.

The Blackout released their debut album, _We Are the Dynamite!_ on October 1, 2007 on the record label, Fierce Panda and it was the fastest selling album ever released by Fierce Panda. The album spawned 2 singles on it, "_The Beijing Cocktail_" and "_It's High Tide Baby!_" (which featured lead singer of Lostprophets, Ian Watkins). After their album release The Blackout went on a 14-date headline UK tour playing alongside bands such as The Used and Rise Against.

The Blackout left the Fierce Panda records in 2008 and signed with the record label, _Epitaph Records_. On the Epitaph record label the band released one album, _The Best in Town,_ which spawned 4 singles "_STFUppercut_", "_Children of the Night_", "_Save Our Selves (The Warning)_" and "_I Don't Care (This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things)_" and are releasing another album in 2011 which currently does not have a name.

## Band members

- Current
- Sean Smith – Vocals
- Gavin Butler – Vocals
- James "Bob" Davies – Guitar, Backing vocals
- Matthew Davies – guitar, backing vocals
- Rhys Lewis – Bass guitar
- Gareth "Snoz" Lawrence – Drums, backing vocals

## Discography

So far as of 2011, The Blackout has released 1 EP and three albums.

### Albums

- _We Are the Dynamite!_ (1997)
- _The Best In Town_ (2009)
- _Hope_ (2011)

### EPs

- _The Blackout! The Blackout! The Blackout!_ (EP) (2006)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Blackout
- **image**: The Blackout (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: The Blackout performing at Leeds Festival 2011
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, United Kingdom, UK
- **genre**: Punk rock, post-hardcore, alternative rock
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **associated acts**: When Reason Sleeps
You Me At Six
- **url**: [http://www.theblackoutmusic.co.uk The Blackout Website]
- **current members**: Sean Smith
Gavin Butler
Matthew Davies
James Davies
Rhys Lewis
Gareth Lawrence
Phosphorus oxide

**Phosphorus oxide** refers to any of the following compounds:

- Phosphorus(III) oxide, phosphorus trioxide, reducing agent, poisonous
- Phosphorus(V) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, used to make phosphoric acid and for drying things out
Phosphorus acid

There are several **phosphorus acids**. They are acids that have phosphorus in them. Three of them are common.

- Hypophosphorous acid, phosphorus in oxidation state of +1, salts are called hypophosphites, reducing agent
- Phosphorous acid, phosphorus in oxidation state of +3, salts are called phosphites, reducing agent
- Phosphoric acid, most common, phosphorus in oxidation state of +5, salts are called phosphates
Awesome Kong

**Kia Michelle Stevens** (born September 4, 1977 in Carson, California) is an American female actress and former professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She was known for wrestling under the ring name **Awesome Kong**. She also wrestled for Ring of Honor (ROH), Shimmer Women Athletes, All Elite Wrestling (AEW), and WWE. During her time in WWE, sh wrestled under the ring name **Kharma**.

While in TNA, she was a two-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion and one-time TNA Knockout Tag Team Champion with Hamada.

On August 28, 2021, Kong announced that she was retiring from in-ring competition. At Bound for Glory on October 23, 2021, she was inducted in the Impact Hall of Fame by Gail Kim.

## Other websites

- Awesome Kong's Official website

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Kia Stevens
- **image**: Amazing Kong Smash 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Awesome Kong during a match at Smash Wrestling's Canusa show in 2014
- **names**: Amazing Kong
Awesome Kong
Margaret
Kharma
- **birth place**: Carson, California, United States of America, U.S.
- **billed**: Tokyo, Japan
- **trainer**: Empire Wrestling Federation, School of Hard Knocks
- **debut**: October 20, 2002
- **retired**: August 28, 2021
Kevin Harvick

**Kevin Michael Harvick** (born December 8, 1975), nicknamed "**The Closer**" and "**Happy Harvick**", is an American racecar driver. He drives the No. 4 Ford Mustang for Stewart-Haas Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series. Harvick won the NASCAR Nationwide Series championship  and the Sprint Cup rookie of the year award in 2001. In 2007, Harvick beat Mark Martin and Enrique Peña Nieto to win the Daytona 500. In 2014 Harvick began racing for Stewart-Hass Racing. Over the year, he was able to win a total of five races, and at the end of the year, he was named the NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion.

## Infobox (nascar driver)

- **name**: Kevin Harvick
- **image**: TSM350 - 2015 - Kevin Harvick - Stierch 4 Cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Harvick in 2015
- **birth place**: Bakersfield, California, Bakersfield, California, United States
- **achievements**: 1998 NASCAR Winston West Series Champion
2001, 2006 NASCAR Busch Series Champion
IROC XXVI, 2002 International Race of Champions, IROC Champion
2003 Brickyard 400 Winner
 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Champion

2007 2007 Daytona 500, Daytona 500 Winner
 2007 Sprint All-Star Race, Sprint All-Star Race XXIII Winner
2009, 2010  Budweiser Shootout Winner
- **awards**: 1995 NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southwest Series, NASCAR Featherlite Southwest Series Rookie of the Year
2000 NASCAR Busch Series NASCAR Rookie of the Year, Rookie of the Year
2001 NASCAR Busch Series NASCAR's Most Popular Driver Award, Most Popular Driver
2001 NASCAR Winston Cup Series Rookie of the Year
- **cup car team**: No. 4 (Stewart-Hass Racing)
- **prev cup pos**: 3rd
- **previous year**: 2017
- **best cup pos**: 1st
- **first cup race**: 2001 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2001 Subway 400, Dura Lube 400 (Rockingham Speedway, Rockingham)
- **first cup win**: 2001 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2001 Golden Corral 500, Cracker Barrel Old Country Store 500 (Atlanta Motor Speedway, Atlanta)
- **cup wins**: 31
- **cup top tens**: 257
- **cup poles**: 15
- **prev busch pos**: 79th
- **prev busch year**: 2014
- **best busch pos**: 1st – 2001 NASCAR Busch Series, 2001, 2006 NASCAR Busch Series, 2006
- **first busch race**: 1999 NASCAR Busch Series, 1999 Kmart 200 (Rockingham Speedway, Rockingham)
- **first busch win**: 2000 NASCAR Busch Series, 2000 Carquest Auto Parts 250 (Gateway International Raceway, Gateway)
- **busch wins**: 46
- **busch top tens**: 245
- **busch poles**: 25
- **prev truck pos**: 107
- **prev truck year**: 2013
- **best truck pos**: 12th – 1999 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, 1999
- **first truck race**: 1995 NASCAR SuperTruck Series by Craftsman, 1995 Spears Manufacturing 200 (Mesa Marin Raceway, Mesa Marin)
- **first truck win**: 2002 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, 2002 Lucas Oil 150, Chevy Silverado 150 (Phoenix International Raceway, Phoenix)
- **truck wins**: 14
- **truck top tens**: 61
- **truck poles**: 3
- **updated on**: January 16, 2016
- **last cup race**: 2023 NASCAR Cup Series Championship Race (Phoenix)
- **last cup win**: 2022 Federated Auto Parts 400 (Richmond)
1220s

The **1220s** decade ran from January 1, 1220, to December 31, 1229. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***123th decade*** which began on January 1, 1221 and ended on December 31, 1230.

## Events and trends

- 1220
    - Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III.
- 1222
    - Hungarian king András II (Andrew II) issued the Golden Bull to make the Hungarian barons happy. This document secured the rights of the nobility and protected law over the king's rule and will.
- 1223
    - Philip II of France died July 14.
    - Louis VIII is crowned King of France.
- 1226
    - St. Francis of Assisi died October 3.
    - Louis VIII of France died November 8.
- 1228
    - Stefan II, the ruler of Serbia, died September 24 (aged 52).
- 1229
    - The city and castle of Rapperswil was established by Count Rudolf II of Rapperswil.
Constitutional Union Party

The **Constitutional Union Party** was an American political party. It was one of four major parties to have candidates in the 1860 United States presidential election right before the American Civil War. It was made up of former Whigs and Know-Nothings who had not joined the Republican Party, and people from the South who wanted the Union to stay together. It had one idea - keeping the United States together. It ran John Bell for President and Edward Everett for Vice-President. They got about one eighth of the popular vote, mostly from the South and the border states.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Constitutional Union Party
- **ideology**: American nationalism
Conservatism
- **headquarters**: Atlanta, Georgia
- **leader1 title**: Leader
- **leader1 name**: John Bell
- **merger**: Know-Nothing Party
Opposition Party
- **successor**: Unionist Party
- **position**: Big tent
 Preserve the Union
- **colors**: Orange (color), Orange
- **country**: United States
Ya Boy

**William Joseph Crawford** (born January 28, 1984)  is an American rapper. He is better known by his stage name, **Ya Boy**.

Ya Boy was written about in a column by The Source magazine called "Unsigned Hype" before being signed to Akon's record label, _Konvict Records_.

### Studio Albums

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2005|_Rookie of the Year_|

### EPs

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2005|_Guns and Roses_|

### Mixtapes

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2005|_The Future of the Franchise_|
|2006|_Ya Boy Radio: Part 1_|
|2006|_Chapter 1: The Rise_|
|2007|_The Fix_|
|2007|_Optimus Rime_|
|2007|_The Prince of the Bay_|
|2008|_I'm 'Bout to Murdah This Shit_|
|2008|_The Bay Area Bully_|
|2009|_Kush 2009_|
|2009|_Mohawks & Heavy Metal_|
|2010|_The Fix 2_|
|2011|_Kalifornia Konvict_|
|2011|_The Fillmore Renaissance Story_|
|2012|_Trappy Birthday_|

## Other websites

- Ya Boy's Official Myspace

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ya Boy
- **image**: Ya-Boy 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Crawford in 2009
- **birth name**: William Joseph Crawford
- **alias**: Rich Rocka
- **origin**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop, West Coast hip hop
- **years active**: 2002–present
Miniseries

A **miniseries** (also known as **mini-series**), in a serial storytelling medium, is a production which tells a story in a planned limited number of episodes.

## Related pages

- Television series
- Metaseries

## Other websites

- The Museum of Broadcast Communications (MBC) - MINISERIES
- A USC retrospective  on the career of producer David L. Wolper.
Elastic collision

An **elastic collision** is when two objects collide and bounce back with little or no deformation. For example, two rubber balls bouncing together would be elastic. Two cars hitting each other would be inelastic, as the cars crumple, and do not bounce back. In a perfectly elastic collision (the simplest case), no kinetic energy is lost, and so the kinetic energy of the two objects after the collision is equal to their total kinetic energy before the collision. Elastic collisions occur only if there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms (heat, sound). The other rule to remember when working with elastic collisions is that momentum is conserved.

## One-dimensional Newtonian

Consider two particles, indicated by subscripts 1 and 2. Let _m<sub>1</sub>_ and _m<sub>2</sub>_ be the masses, _u<sub>1</sub>_ and _u<sub>2</sub>_ be the velocities before the collision and _v<sub>1</sub>_ and _v<sub>2</sub>_ be the velocities after collision.

### Using Conservation of Momentum to write one formula

Since it is an elastic collision, the total momentum before the collision is the same as the total momentum after the collision. Given that momentum (p) is calculated as
We can calculate the momentum before the collision to be:
and the momentum after the collision to be:
Setting the two equal gives us our first equation:

### Using Conservation of Energy to write a second formula

The second rule we use is that the total kinetic energy remains the same, meaning that the initial kinetic energy is equal to the final kinetic energy.

The formula for kinetic energy is:
So, using the same variables as before: The initial kinetic energy is:
The final kinetic energy is:
Setting the two to be equal ( since the total kinetic energy remains the same):

### Putting those two equations together

These equations may be solved directly to find _v<sub>i</sub>_ when _u<sub>i</sub>_ are known or vice versa. Here is a sample problem, which can be solved using either conservation of momentum, or conservation of energy:

For example:

- Ball 1: mass = 3 kg,       _v_ = 4 m/s
- Ball 2: mass = 5 kg,       _v_ = -6 m/s

After collision:

- Ball 1: _v_ = -8.5 m/s
- Ball 2: _v_ = unknown ( We'll represent it with v )

Using Conservation of Momentum:

After doing multiplication, and then subtracting  from both sides, we get:

Summing the left side, then dividing by  gives us:
- , and doing the final division gives us:

We could have also solved this problem using Conservation of Energy:

Multiplying both sides by , and then do all the required multiplications gives us:
Adding the numbers on the left, subtracting  from both sides, and dividing by  gives us:
Taking the square root of both sides gives us an answer of .

Unfortunately, we'd still need to use conservation of momentum to figure out whether  is positive or negative.
Eastern Kentucky University

**Eastern Kentucky University** is a university in Kentucky in the United States. Eastern Kentucky's athletics teams are called the Colonels and they have 15 varsity teams and have a rivalry with Western Kentucky University. The president of Eastern Kentucky is Dr. Charles Doug Whitlock.

## Other websites

- Eastern Kentucky University Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Eastern Kentucky University
- **motto**: Where Students and Learning Come First
- **established**: 1874/1906
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **endowment**: $60,725,631
- **president**: Michael T. Benson
- **provost**: Jerry Pogatshnik (interim)
- **students**: 16,881
- **undergrad**: 14,293
- **postgrad**: 2,588
- **city**: Richmond, Kentucky, Richmond
- **state**: Kentucky
- **country**: United States
- **colors**: Maroon and White

- **mascot**: Eastern Kentucky Colonels, Colonels
- **faculty**: 687 full-time
- **staff**: 1,554 full-time
Shaun Toub

**Shaun Toub** is an Iranian-American movie and television actor. He is perhaps best known for his role as Farhad in the 2004 movie _Crash_, as Rahim Khan in the movie _The Kite Runner_, as Yinsen in the movie _Iron Man_ and as _Iroh_ in the movie _The Last Airbender_.

## Other websites

- Shaun Toub cover story in OCPC magazine

## Infobox (actor)

- **image**: ShaunToubByPhilKonstantinPublicDomain.jpg
- **caption**: Toub in 2007, San Diego
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1988–present
Nicktoons (American TV channel)

**Nicktoons** (formerly **Nicktoons TV** and **Nicktoons Network**)  is an American pay television channel owned by the Nickelodeon Group, a sub-division of the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Skydance. Launched on May 1, 2002, the channel is geared towards children aged 7 to 11, and serves as an extension of the eponymous brand used by Nickelodeon for its original animated programming.

As of December 2023, Nicktoons is available to approximately 43 million pay television households in the United States, down from its peak of 69 million households in 2013.

## Related pages

- Nicktoons
- Nickelodeon
- Nick Jr.

## Programming

- _Hey Arnold_
- _The Wild Thornberrys_
- _Rugrats_
- _The Angry Beavers_
- _All Grown Up_
- _As Told by Ginger_
- _Avatar, The Last Airbender_
- _The Legend of Korra_
- _The Loud House_
- _The Casagrandes_
- _SpongeBob SquarePants_
- _The Fairly OddParents_
- _Breadwinners_
- _Harvey Beaks_
- _Bunsen is a Beast_
- _Invader Zim_
- _It's Pony_
- _Wild Grinders_
- _Pig Goat Banana Cricket_
- _Random! Cartoons_
- _Robot and Monster_
- _El Tigre, The Adventures of Manny Rivera_
- _Fanboy & Chum Chum_
- _The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius_
- _Planet Sheen_
- _The Penguins of Madagascar_
- _Monsters vs. Aliens_
- _TMNT (2012)_
- _T.U.F.F. Puppy_
- _The Mighty B!_
- _CatDog_
- _Back at the Barnyard_
- _Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness_

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Nicktoons
- **logo**: Nicktoons Logo 2023.svg
- **picture format**: 1080i High-definition television, HDTV

- **network**: Nickelodeon
- **owner**: Paramount Media Networks
- **country**: United States
- **area**: United States
- **language**: English
- **headquarters**: One Astor Plaza
New York City, U.S.
- **sister channels**: Nickelodeon
Nick at Nite
TeenNick
Nick Jr. Channel
NickMusic
- **former names**: Nicktoons TV
Nicktoons
Nicktoons Network
- **sat serv 1**: Dish Network
- **sat chan 1**: Channel 178 (SD)
- **sat serv 2**: DirecTV
- **sat chan 2**: Channel 302 (SD) (exp. 8/2/22)
- **cable serv 1**: Available on many cable providers
- **cable chan 1**: Consult local listings
- **iptv serv 1**: DirecTV Stream
- **iptv serv 2**: Verizon FiOS
- **iptv chan 2**: Channel 254 (SD)
Channel 754 (HD)
- **iptv serv 3**: U-verse TV
- **iptv chan 3**: Channel 318 (SD) (exp. 8/2/22)
Channel 1318 (HD) (exp. 8/2/22)
- **iptv serv 4**: Google Fiber
- **iptv chan 4**: Channel 423
- **online chan 1**: YouTube TV, Sling TV, Philo (company), Philo, Hulu#Hulu + Live TV service, Hulu + Live TV, Vidgo TV FuboTV
Michael Adams

**Michael Adams** (born 17 November 1971 in Truro, Cornwall) is a British chess grandmaster (1989). His highest ranking was world #4, achieved several times from October 2000 to October 2002. He achieved a peak FIDE rating of 2755.

He has achieved superb results in World Chess Championship tournaments. At the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, he reached the final, narrowly losing out to Rustam Kasimdzhanov in the tie-break games.

Adams won the British Chess Championship in 1989 at the age of seventeen. Making only rare appearances, he won (jointly) in 1997, and won again in 2010 and 2011. A fine score of 6½/7 in the 2011 European Club Championship marked a return to form, but his results are no longer so consistent as they used to be.

## Other websites

- Michael Adams profile at chessgames.com

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Michael Adams
- **image**: Michael Adams Dortmunder Schachtage 2023.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birthname**: Michael Adams
- **placebirth**: Truro, Cornwall, England, UK
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2753
<small>(#14 in the April 2014 FIDE rankings)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2761 (September 2013)
Sodium carbonate

**Sodium carbonate** is a chemical compound. It is composed of sodium and carbonate ions. Its chemical formula is Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. It is a base. It reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide. It is produced industrially by the Solvay process. It is used to make glass. It is also used in pools and cooking. It is used as an electrolyte.

## Preparation

It is made by the reaction of sodium hydroxide with carbon dioxide. Water is also a byproduct during this reaction. It is also made when sodium bicarbonate is heated.

The balanced chemical equation for sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is:

2 NaOH + CO<sub>2</sub> —> Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

The balanced chemical equation for sodium bicarbonate decomposition (heating) is:

2 NaHCO<sub>3</sub> —> Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>

## Related pages

- Natron
- Sodium chlorate
- Potassium carbonate
Solvay process

The **Solvay process** is a way to make sodium carbonate and sodium dicarbonate invented by Ernest Solvay. It is essentially the reaction of carbon dioxide with ammonia and sodium chloride to produce ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicarbonate may be heated to produce sodium carbonate.The process consists of saturation of cold, concentrated solution of sodium chloride with ammonia.

## Related pages

- Chemistry
- Ammonium
- Carbonate
Potassium carbonate

**Potassium carbonate**, also known as **potash** or **pearl ash**, is a chemical compound. It is made of potassium and carbonate ions. Its chemical formula is K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.

## Properties

Potassium carbonate is a white solid. It dissolves in water. It is similar to sodium carbonate. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide and a potassium salt. It does not dissolve in alcohol. It is basic. It is a mild drying agent.

## Preparation

It is made by the reaction of potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide. Water is also a byproduct during this reaction.

The balanced chemical equation is:

2 KOH + CO<sub>2</sub> —> K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

## Uses

It is used to soften water (remove some of the ions from water) and make soap. It is used to put out fires. It can be used as an electrolyte to electrolyze water.

## Related pages

- Sodium carbonate
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Sodium hydroxide
Bicarbonate

**Bicarbonate** is an anion (a negatively-charged ion). Its chemical formula is . A sample compound is sodium bicarbonate.

## Properties

Bicarbonate is amphoteric: it is both an acid and a base. As an acid, it reacts with bases to make carbonate, and as a base, it reacts with acids to make carbonic acid, which usually disporportionates to water and carbon dioxide.

When heated, it will react with itself as both acid and base:

## Related pages

- Carbon
- Oxygen
- Carbonate

## Bicarbonate compounds

- Sodium bicarbonate
- Potassium bicarbonate
- Calcium bicarbonate
- Ammonium bicarbonate
- Carbonic acid
Yokohama Station

**Yokohama Station** () is a railway station of JR East, Keihin Electric Express Railway, Sagami Railway, Tokyu Corporation, Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company, and the Yokohama Municipal Subway in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

## Adjacent stations

- JR East
- Tōkaidō Line
    - Rapid Acty, Local
        - Kawasaki - **Yokohama** - Totsuka
- Keihin-Tōhoku Line
    - Rapid, Local
        - Higashi-Kanagawa - **Yokohama** - Sakuragichō
- Yokosuka Line
    - Local
        - Shin-Kawasaki - **Yokohama** - Hodogaya
- Shōnan-Shinjuku Line
    - Special Rapid, Rapid
        - Musashi-Kosugi - **Yokohama** - Totsuka
    - Local
        - Shin-Kawasaki - **Yokohama** - Hodogaya
- Keikyū
- Keikyū Main Line
    - Rapid Ltd. Express
        - Keikyū Kawasaki - **Yokohama** - Kami-Ōoka
    - Ltd. Express
        - Kanagawa-Shinmachi - **Yokohama** - Kami-Ōoka
    - Airport Express
        - Naka-Kido - **Yokohama** - Hinodechō
    - Local
        - Kanagawa - **Yokohama** - Tobe
- Sagami Railway
- Sagami Railway Main Line
    - Express
        - **Yokohama** - Futamatagawa
    - Rapid
        - **Yokohama** - Hoshikawa
    - Local
        - **Yokohama** - Hiranumabashi
- Tōkyū, Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company
- Tōkyū Tōyoko Line,  Minatomirai Line
    - Limited Exp., Commuter Exp., Expless
        - Kikuna - **Yokohama** - Minatomirai
    - Local
        - Tammachi - **Yokohama** - Shin-Takashima
- Yokohama Municipal Subway
- Blue Line
        - Takashimachō (B19) - **Yokohama (B20)** - Mitsuzawa-Shimochō (B21)
Minatomirai Station

**Minatomirai Station** () is a railway station of Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

## Adjacent stations

- Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company
- Minatomirai Line
    - Limited Exp.
        - Yokohama - **Minatomirai** - Motomachi-Chūkagai
    - Commuter Exp., Expless
        - Yokohama - **Minatomirai** - Bashamichi
    - Local
        - Shin-Takashima - **Minatomirai** - Bashamichi