juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Luke Helder

**Lucas John Helder** (born May 5, 1981) also known as the **Midwest Pipe Bomber**, is an American terrorist.

He was arrested in 2002 as a suspect in pipe bombings in mailboxes, which injured several people. In 2004, he was found mentally unable to stand trial and is still imprisoned in a federal medical facility.

## Bombings

In 2002, Helder planned to plant pipe bombs around the United States in mailboxes to create a smiley face on the United States map. Helder planted 18 bombs packed with BBs and nails that covered 3,200 miles (5,100 km) in Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, Illinois and Iowa. In Iowa, six people were injured when the bombs were detonated.

He was stopped in Nebraska, Oklahoma and Colorado for speeding and failure to wear a seat belt, but he was not arrested. He was captured in Nevada before he was able to make the full smile.

## Trial

In April 2004, a federal judge found Helder unfit to stand trial. A judge could free him if doctors find he isn't a threat to society anymore, but legal experts doubt this as the nature of the crime committed was violent. Helder has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder.

Multiple status checks have been conducted but they have came to the conclusion he is unfit for trial.

## Musical background

Before his bombing spree, he was a member of Rochester grunge band Apathy. Containing members Mike Stanton on drums, Eric Hielscher on bass and Helder on guitar and vocals. He was heavily inspired by Nirvana and was a fan of Kurt Cobain. Drummer of Apathy, Mike Stanton described Helder's singing as "interesting"  and his lyrics never seemed like they had they had an anti government message, according to Stanton, although it may be due to him not paying much attention to the lyrics.

Apathy only recorded one album called _Sacks of People_ which was released in 2001. The album remained mostly lost other than 2 tracks, Conformity and Black and Back which were found in 2021. A third song, Mindsight was confirmed to exist but never initially surfaced.

The whole album was found in September 2023 by YouTube channel "scorche" who came into contact with someone who unknowingly had the entire album on an old hard drive of theirs.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **birth name**: Lucas John Helder
- **image name**: LucasHelder.jpg
- **image caption**: Helder's FBI mugshot
- **birth place**: Pine Island, Minnesota
- **occupation**: Student, musician
- **charge**: Mailbox pipe bombing
- **conviction status**: Incompetent to stand trial, committed to Federal Bureau of Prisons mental health center
- **alias**: Midwest Pipe Bomber


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Apathy
- **origin**: Rochester, Minnesota
- **genre**: Grunge
- **years active**: 2000-2002
- **past members**: * Luke Helder
* Mike Stanton
* Eric Hielscher
Vinette Robinson

**Vinette Robinson** (born 1981) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Helen Hopewell in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2009), and Nicola Daniels in the BBC drama series _The A Word_ (2016–2017).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vinette Robinson
- **image**: Vinette Robinson 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Vinette Robinson in 2021
- **birth place**: Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1997–present
Dumbo octopus

The **dumbo octopus** is _Grimpoteuthis_, a cephalopod. It lives thousands of metres beneath the surface of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It lives off the creatures which live on the bottom at a great depth, mostly worms and crustaceans. There are about 17 species of this cephalopod.
Lies (Status Quo song)

"**Lies**" / "**Don't Drive My Car**" is a 1980 double A-side from Status Quo. It was taken from their 13th studio album _Just Supposin_' and went to number 11 in the United Kingdom, number 10 in Ireland, number 9 in Austria and number 5 in the Netherlands.

## Track listing

1. "Lies" (Rossi/Frost) (3.56)
1. "Don't Drive My Car" (Parfitt/Bown) (4.12)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Lies" / "Don't Drive My Car
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Status Quo (band), Status Quo
- **album**: Just Supposin'
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 3:56 and 4:12
- **label**: Vertigo Records, Vertigo
- **writer**: Rossi/Frost and Parfitt/Bown
- **producer**: Status Quo and John Eden (producer), John Eden
- **prev title**: What You're Proposing
- **prev year**: 1980
- **title**: Lies
- **title2**: Don't Drive My Car
- **next title**: Somethin' 'Bout You Baby I Like
- **next year**: 1981
XVideos

** XVideos** is a website for viewing and sharing pornographic material. It was founded in Paris in 2007, the website is now registered to the Czech company WGCZ Holding. , it is the most visited pornographic website and the 9th most visited website in the world. The website is free to access, and uses advertising as a source of income. The website is an aggregator, it works similar to Youtube for videos. Video clips from professional videos are mixed with amateur and other types of content. By 2012, XVideos was the largest porn website in the world, with over 100 billion page views per month.

Fabian Thylmann, the owner of MindGeek, attempted to purchase XVideos in 2012 in order to create a monopoly of pornographic tube sites. The French owner of XVideos turned down a reported offer of more than US$120 million by saying, "Sorry, I have to go and play _Diablo II_."

In 2014, XVideos controversially attempted to force content providers to either pledge to renounce the right to delete videos from their accounts or to shut down their accounts immediately.
Kalasha Valleys

The **Kalasha Valleys** or **Kalasha Desh** (Kalasha-mondr: __; ) are a number of valleys in southern regions of Chitral in northwestern Pakistan. The people living there are known as the Kalash people. They have their own customs, and religions. The valleys are surrounded by the Hindu Kush mountain range and are close to the border with Afghanistan. Before they were converted to Islam, the Nuristani people living next to the Kalash people had very similar beliefs.

There are three main valleys. The largest one, where most people live is called Bumburet (or Mumuret). There's a smaller valley, called Rumbur, to the side. Birir Valley is the third, and smallest of the three.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kalash Valleys

- **native name**: Kaĺaśa Desh
- **native name lang**: ksl
- **settlement type**: Valleys
- **image skyline**: File:Kalash of Birir Valley (Coniferous Forest); Tahsin Shah 01.jpg
- **image caption**: These remote valleys are home to the animist Kalash people. following the Kalasha religion.
- **pushpin map**: Pakistan
- **pushpin label position**: Location of Pakistan
- **pushpin map caption**: Kalash Valley
- **subdivision type**: Countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Pakistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Chitral District
- **area total km2**: 456.58
- **elevation m**: 1670
- **population total**: 9,000
- **population as of**: 2003
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset1**: +5
Akshay Bhatia

**Akshay Bhatia** (born January 31, 2002) is an American professional golfer. Bhatia was born in Northridge, California, and lives in Wake Forest, North Carolina. He was runner-up at the 2018 U.S. Junior Amateur. Won his first PGA tournament in 2023 which made him eligible for The Sentry in Hawaii in January 2024.
Food City (K-VA-T)

**Food City**  is an American supermarket chain.  It has stores located in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. It is owned by K-VA-T Food Stores, Inc., a privately held family and employee-owned corporation (13% via ESOP).
Save-A-Lot

**Save-A-Lot** is an American discount supermarket chain store headquartered in St. Ann, Missouri, in Greater St. Louis.  It has about 900 independently owned and operated stores across 32 states in the United States with over $4 billion in annual sales.
Nsukka

**Nsukka** is a town and a Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Philautus ventrimaculatus

***Philautus ventrimaculatus*** is a frog.  It lives in Indonesia, in Sumatra. Scientists have seen it between 1838 and 2446 meters above sea level.
Steak 'n Shake

**Steak 'n Shake** is an American casual restaurant chain that serves primarily steak burgers, hotdogs, grilled cheese sandwiches and patty melt burgers. They also sell french fries, milkshake and cookies. It is located in the Midwestern United States with locations also in the South, Mid-Atlantic, Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East. It has 628 restaurants. It was founded on February 1934 by A. H. "Gus" Belt in the city of Normal, Illinois.

## Other Websites

- Official website
FTX

**FTX** is a bankrupt company that formerly operated a fraud-ridden cryptocurrency exchange and crypto hedge fund. Since November 11, 2022, FTX has been in Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the US court system
Ruth's Chris Steak House

** Ruth's Chris Steak House**  is a chain of over 100 steakhouses across the United States, Canada and Mexico. It was founded in 1965. Its headquarters are in Winter Park, Florida.
Fuzzy's Taco Shop

**Fuzzy's Taco Shop**  is an American fast casual restaurant chain specializing in Baja-style Mexican cuisine. In August 2021, it had 150 locations in 18 states. It was founded in 2001 by Paul Willis. In December 2022, the chain was acquired by Dine Brands Global.
Wetzel's Pretzels

**Wetzel's Pretzels** is an American chain of fast-food restaurants, specializing in pretzels and hot dogs. It has more than 370 locations across the United States, Canada and Central America, mostly located in shopping malls, airports, theme parks, and stadia; plus, as of recently, food trucks. It is headquartered in Pasadena, California. It was founded in 1994.
The Habit Burger Grill

**The Habit Burger Grill** is a California-based fast casual restaurant chain that specializes in chargrilled hamburgers. It was founded in 1969 at Santa Barbara, California and its headquarters are in Irvine, California. It was founded on November 15, 1969. In March 2020, the chain was acquired by Yum! Brands.
Roya Heshmati

|colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"|<div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Roya Heshmati</div>|
| --- | --- |
|class="infobox-data"|1990 <div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Sanandaj, Iran</div>|
|class="infobox-data"|Execution of whipping sentence for publishing photos without hijab on social networks|
**Roya Heshmati** () is an Iranian activist. The Iranian government says that women have to wear a hijab, when they are in public. Hashmati posted a photo of her on social media, where she does not wear a hijab. For this she was arrested, and sentenced to 74  lashes.

## Charges and arrest

After she had published the image, police agents entered her house late at night and arrested her. This was on April 20, 2023. Her mobile phone and laptop were also confiscated. She spent eleven days in jail.

## The whipping

On 3 January 2024, the lashes sentence was executed. She had been charged with causing public chastity injury. Afterwards, Heshmati published a note in which she wrote: "The judge said, 'Don't hit too hard.' The man started hitting me hard. My shoulders, my back, my buttocks, my face, my legs. I lost count of the number of lashes. Under my breath, I was reciting in the name of woman, in the name of life, the garment of slavery was torn, our dark night turns into dawn, all the shackles break." In her note, she explained that she refused to wear a headscarf in court, and then, in front of the judge, in what she described as "a medieval torture chamber," a man whipped her.
Wingstop

**Wingstop** is an American international chain of restaurants that primarily sells chicken wings and chicken sandwhiches. It has a 1930s and 1940s pre-jet aviation theme. It was founded in 1994.
Alfred Achebe

**Nnaemeka Alfred Achebe,** _CFR_ (born 14 May 1941), popularly called **Agbogidi** is a Nigerian traditional ruler who serves as the 21st and current Obi of Onitsha, a city in Anambra State since 2002. As an Academian, Achebe became the chancellor of Ahmadu Bello University since 2015 after previously being the chancellor of Kogi State University.

## Career

Achebe had worked as the chairman of the board of Directors of Unilever Nigeria until his retirement in 2023. He was also the chairman of International Breweries, Nigeria, Director of Royal Dutch Shell Group and others.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Nnaemeka Alfred Achebe
- **title**: Obi of Onitsha
- **image**: His Majesty Nnaemeka Achebe 2.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait of the Obi of Onitsha
- **reign**: 2002 - present
- **coronation**: 14 May 2002
- **predecessor**: Obi Okechukwu Okagbue (1970 - 2001)
- **birth place**: Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
- **spouse-type**: Chinwe Ngozi (née Ononye)
- **issue**: Ezennia Odiakosa
Chinedu
Eziamaka
lfunanya
Uchenna and Chinwe
- **father**: Akunne Anthony Chinwuba
- **mother**: Chukwuebuka W. O. Achebe
Atomism

**Atomism** is an idea in Metaphysics. It says that everything that can be touched is made of smaller things that are made of smaller things that are made of even smaller things but that eventually you get to something so small that nothing smaller can exist called an Atom.

## History

The Greek philosopher Anaxagoras said that everything that can be touched is made of smaller things called “Seeds” and that there are many different kinds of “Seeds”. According to him, nothing can be a smaller than a “Seed” and what different objects are like is because of the different kinds of Seeds they have. Later, the philosopher Leucippus and his student Democritus said that everything that can be touched is made of smaller things that are made of even smaller things that are made of even smaller things. But Leucippus and Democritus also said there are things so small that nothing smaller can exist called Atomos Particles and that everything is made of them. Democritus said that there is empty space between all Atomos Particles. He also said that we call different groups of Atomos Particles different things (like Water, Fire, Earth and Air) but that Atoms and Space are the only things that really exist and everything else just looks like it exists.

Aristotle said that Democritus was wrong. He said everything you can touch is made of smaller things that are made of smaller things that are made of smaller things and that this goes on forever. According to him, there is no smallest thing. This is called the Continuous Theorem. Since then a lot of people debated if Aristotle were right or if Democritus were right. Then John Dalton came up with The Atomic Theory which said that all Matter was made of Atomos Particles called Atoms. And Dalton based that idea on Democritus.
Campbell Soup Company

**The Campbell's Company** (renamed from **Campbell Soup Company** in November 2024 and doing business as **Campbell's**) is an American food company. It is best known for its canned soup products. It is headquartered in Camden, New Jersey. The company was started in 1869 by Joseph A. Campbell, a fruit merchant from Bridgeton, New Jersey, and Abraham Anderson, an icebox manufacturer from South Jersey.
Santiago of the Seas

**Santiago of the Seas** is an American animated television series created by Niki Lopez, Leslie Valdes, and Valerie Walsh Valdes. It premiered on Nickelodeon on October 9, 2020. The series features the voices of Kevin Chacon, Justice Quiroz, Alyssa Cheatham, and Valentino Cortes.
Pontiac GTO

**Pontiac GTO** was a front-engine, rear-drive, two-door, four- or five-passenger automobile. It was manufactured and marketed by the Pontiac division of General Motors over four generations from 1963 until 1974 in the United States — with a fifth generation made by GM's Australian subsidiary, Holden, for the 2004 through 2006 model years.
Pontiac Grand Am

**Pontiac Grand Am** was a mid-size car and later a compact car that was produced by Pontiac. The Grand Am had two separate three-year runs in the 1970s: from 1973 to 1975, and again from 1978 to 1980 . Production of the intermediate sized Grand Am ended in 1980 when it was replaced by the Pontiac 6000.
BlockFi

**BlockFi** was a digital asset lender. It was founded by Zac Prince and Flori Marquez in 2017. It was based in Jersey City, New Jersey. On November 28, BlockFi confirmed the reports and officially filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with more than 100,000 creditors, according to filings.
Candlebox

**Candlebox** is an American rock band. They are based in Seattle, Washington. Since its formation in 1990, the group has released seven studio albums, several charting singles, a compilation, and a CD+DVD.
Barton Street Arena

**Barton Street Arena** (also called the **Hamilton Forum**) was a sports arena located in Hamilton, Ontario. The arena used to serve as the home for the Hamilton Tigers of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena also hosted the Hamilton Tigers of the Canadian Professional Hockey League (CPHL), the Hamilton Tiger Cubs of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA), the Hamilton Red Wings of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA), and the Hamilton Fincups of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League (OMJHL).

At the end of the 1919-1920 NHL season, the Quebec Bulldogs would be bought by the Abso Pure Ice Company and they would move the team to Hamilton. Percy Thompson would become the owner of the team. Thompson was also the owner of Barton Street Arena'''.

The first NHL game at the arena took place on December 22, 1920. The Hamilton Tigers would defeat the Montreal Canadiens 5—0.

During their first four seasons, the Tigers would miss the playoffs. They would finally make the playoffs during the 1924-25 NHL season. They earned a first round bye. However, before playoff hockey could be played at Barton Street Arena, the Tigers players would go on strike. They gave an ultimatum to their general manager Percy Thompson, demanding that he pay $200 for the six extra games that they played of they wouldn't play in the playoffs. He refused and they played didn't play. This was the first players strike in the National Hockey League. NHL president Frank Calder told the players they would be suspended and the team would be replaced in the playoffs. The players were suspended, fined and the team was replaced by the Ottawa Senators. This would end up being the Tigers final season in the NHL. On April 17, 1925, "Big Bill" Dwyer and New York were awarded an NHL expansion team. The team would be known as the New York Americans. Dwyer wanted players from the Tigers and their contracts were bought for $75,000. This marked the end of the Hamilton Tigers.

The arena was demolished in 1977 after the city said it would be cheaper rather than replacing the ice-making equipment. Residential building sit on the arena's old site. The arena would be replaced by Copps Coliseum.
Ghosts (Bruce Springsteen song)

"**Ghosts**" is a 2020 song by Bruce Springsteen and is the second single from his 20th studio album _Letter to You_. The music video was released and went to number 5 on the Billboard Rock Digital Sales charts.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ghosts
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Bruce Springsteen
- **album**: Letter to You
- **studio**: Thrill Hill Recording, Colts Neck, New Jersey, United States
- **genre**: * rock music, Rock
* heartland rock
- **length**: 5:54
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Bruce Springsteen
- **producer**: * Ron Aniello
* Bruce Springsteen
- **prev title**: Letter to You (song), Letter to You
- **prev year**: 2020
- **next title**: Chinatown (Bleachers song), Chinatown
- **next year**: 2020
Vertigo (U2 song)

"**Vertigo**" is a 2004 song by Irish rock group U2 and is the leading single from their 11th studio album _How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb_. It topped the single charts in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Denmark, Greece, Scotland and made the top 10 in New Zealand, the Netherlands, Finland, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Austria and Sweden. It won 3 Grammy Awards in 2005. In 2011 Bon Jovi covered Vertigo in a snippet of _Bad Medicine_ on their Bon Jovi Live tour.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Vertigo
- **type**: single
- **artist**: U2
- **album**: How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb
- **recorded**: 2003–2004
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **composer**: U2
- **producer**: Steve Lillywhite
- **prev title**: Take Me to the Clouds Above
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own
- **next year**: 2005
Calendar Girl (song)

"**Calendar Girl**" is a 1960 song by Neil Sedaka and was written by Howard Greenfield. It went to number 4 in the United States, number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Japan and Canada, number 7 in New Zealand and number 3 in Australia. It was named after the 1947 movie _Calendar Girl_ and has been covered by other artists including The Beach Boys in 1978.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Calendar Girl
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Neil Sedaka
- **b-side**: The Same Old Fool
- **released**: 1960
- **recorded**: 1959
- **genre**: Brill Building (genre), Brill Building
- **length**: 02:32
- **label**: RCA Victor
- **prev title**: Run Samson Run
- **prev year**: 1960
- **next title**: Little Devil
- **next year**: 1961
Tomorrowland (movie)

***Tomorrowland*** is a 2015 American Canadian Spanish science fiction movie directed by Brad Bird and was theatrically distributed in the United States by Walt Disney Pictures, and in the Philippines by Columbia Pictures. It was a commercial failure at box office.

## Cast

- Britt Robertson as Casey Newton
- George Clooney as Frank" Walker
- Raffey Cassidy as Athena
- Hugh Laurie as David Nix
- Tim McGraw as Eddie Newton
- Kathryn Hahn as Ursula
- Keegan-Michael Key as Hugo Gernsback
- Chris Bauer as Mr. Walker, Frank's dad
- Thomas Robinson as Young Frank Walker
- Pierce Gagnon as Nate Newton, Casey's brother
- Matthew Maccaull as Dave Clark
- Shiloh Nelson as Young Casey Newton
- Judy Greer as Jenny Newton, Casey's mother
- Garry Chalk as Jail Desk Jockey
Sanjay Dutt

**Sanjay Balraj Dutt** (born 29 July 1959) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi cinema in addition to a few Kannada, Tamil, Punjabi and Telugu films. In a career spanning over four decades, Dutt has won several accolades and acted in over 135 films, ranging from romance to comedy genres, though usually in action genres, thus proving himself one of the most popular Hindi film actors since the 1980s.

## Career

Sanjay Dutt started his acting career in 1981 with the movie Rocky. The film was a success, and it made him popular. During the 1980s and 1990s, he acted in many action films, such as Naam (1986), Saajan (1991), Khalnayak (1993), and Vaastav: The Reality (1999). These movies made him known as a strong action hero.

In the 2000s, he played more comedy and emotional roles. He became very famous for playing Munna Bhai in the films Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003) and Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006). These movies were both hits and loved by people of all ages.

He has acted in more than 135 films in different genres, including romance, comedy and action. He also appeared in a few films in Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Punjabi languages.

## Personal life

Sanjay Dutt has had a life full of ups and downs. He faced problems with drug addiction during his early years but later went to rehab and recovered. He was also arrested in 1993 for having illegal weapons linked to the Mumbai bombings. He spent some time in jail but later completed his sentence and returned to acting.

He has been married three times. His current wife is Manyata Dutt, and they have two children — a son and a daughter. Sanjay also has a daughter from his first marriage.

In 2020, he was diagnosed with lung cancer, but after treatment, he recovered. He is known for being strong and coming back from tough situations.

## Other websites

- Sanjay Dutt on IMDb

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sanjay Dutt
- **image**: Sanjay Dutt at Mumbai Airport, 2018 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Dutt in 2019
- **birth name**: Sanjay Balraj Dutt
- **birth place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **spouse**: * Richa Sharma (m. 1987; died 1996)
* Rhea Pillai (m. 1998; div. 2005)
* Manyata Dutt (m. 2008)
- **children**: 3
- **parents**: Sunil Dutt (father)
Nargis (mother)
- **relatives**: Priya Dutt (sister)
Tusshar Kapoor

**Tushar Ravi Kapoor** (born 20 November 1974), popular as **Tusshar Kapoor**, is an Indian actor and film producer working in Hindi films.
Emraan Hashmi

**Emraan Anwar Hashmi** (pronounced [ɪmraːn ˈɦaːʃmi]; born 24 March 1979 ) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi cinema. Born into the Bhatt family, he began his career as an assistant director on the horror film _Raaz_ (2002). He made his acting debut with the crime film _Footpath_ (2003), and achieved his breakthrough for his starring role in the erotic thriller _Murder_ (2004). In 2021, Hashmi appeared opposite Yukti Thareja in T-Series music video "Lut Gaye", sung by Jubin Nautiyal.

### Music videos

|Year|Title|Singer(s)|class="unsortable"|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2021|_Lut Gaye_|Jubin Nautiyal|||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emraan Hashmi
- **image**: Emraan Hashmi at RAAZ 3 DVD launch.jpg
- **caption**: Hashmi in 2014
- **birth name**: Syed Emraan Anwar Hashmi
- **birth place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **children**: 1
Kunal Khemu

**Kunal Khemu** (born **Kunal Ravi Kemmu**; 25 May 1983) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi cinema.
Rajesh Roshan

**Rajesh Roshan Lal Nagrath** (born 24 May 1955) is an Indian music director and composer. He is the son of music director Roshan and brother of director Rakesh Roshan.
Radio (2009 movie)

***Radio*** is a 2009 Indian comedy-drama film starring Himesh Reshammiya, Shenaz Treasurywala and Sonal Sehgal in the lead roles. The film is directed by Isshaan Trivedi. The movie was released on the 4th of December 2009. The movie has received praise for his portrayal of Vivan Shah.
Abhay Deol

**Abhay Deol** (born 15 March 1976) is an Indian actor and producer who is known for his work in Hindi films alongside Tamil cinema. Born in the Deol family, he made his on-screen debut in 2005 with Imtiaz Ali's romantic comedy _Socha Na Tha_.
Humayun Saeed

**Humayun Saeed** (born 27 July 1971) is a Pakistani actor and producer. Saeed has appeared in Pakistani movies  and dramas and earned Lux Style Awards, and ARY Film Awards. Primarily known as an actor, Saeed also runs the Six Sigma Plus media production house which produces television drama serials and commercial movies. Additionally, he has also worked in modeling and fashion designing.
Upasana Singh

**Upasana Singh** (born 29 June 1975) is an Indian actress and stand-up comedian who works in Hindi and Punjabi language films.
Fatima (disambiguation)

**Fatima** may refer to:

- Fatimah, the youngest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad.
- Fátima, Portugal, a city in Portugal famous for the religious visions that happened in the year 1917.
- Fatima Jinnah, a Pakistani surgeon.
Alberto Colombo (racing driver)

**Alberto Colombo** (23 February 1946 – 7 January 2024) was an Italian racing driver. He entered three Formula One Grands Prix in 1978 with ATS (two failures to qualify) and Merzario (one failure to pre-qualify). He won the 1974 Italian Formula Three Championship and was successful in Formula Two. Colombo was born in Varedo, Lombardy, Italy.

Colombo died on 7 January 2024, at the age of 77.
I Belong to You (Lenny Kravitz song)

"**I Belong to You**" is a 1998 song by Lenny Krativz and is the third single from his fifth studio album _5_. It went to number 71 in the United States and number 75 in the United Kingdom but went to number 36 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart.

## Track listing

The single featured several remixes for his previous single "If You Can't Say No", apart from the "I Belong to You" song.

1. "I Belong to You" – 4:17
1. "If You Can't Say No" (Flunky in the Attic Mix) – 5:16
1. "If You Can't Say No" (Just Say No Mix) – 6:00
1. "If You Can't Say No" (BT Twilo Dub) – 8:02
1. "If You Can't Say No" (Dallas Austin Mix) – 4:45

**UK edition**
1. "I Belong to You" – 4:17
1. "If You Can't Say No" (Flunky in the Attic Mix) – 5:16
1. "If You Can't Say No" (BT Twilo Dub) – 8:02

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I Belong to You
- **caption**: Standard non-US artwork
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Lenny Kravitz
- **album**: 5 (Lenny Kravitz album), 5
- **released**: August 3, 1998 (EU)
- **genre**: * Soft rock
* reggae fusion
- **length**: 4:17
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin America
- **writer**: Lenny Kravitz
- **producer**: Lenny Kravitz
- **prev title**: Thinking of You (Lenny Kravitz song), Thinking of You
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: Fly Away (Lenny Kravitz song), Fly Away
- **next year**: 1998
Mateusz Rutkowski

**Mateusz Rutkowski** (18 April 1986 − 7 January 2024) was a Polish ski jumper.

## Biography

Mateusz Rutkowski was born in Skrzypne, Poland. He had a younger brother Łukasz, who is also a ski jumper.

At the age of 18 he won the gold medal at the Junior World Championships. He became the first Polish representative in history to win a Gold medal at that level. Seeing his great success in 2004 one of the top senior ski jumper Adam Małysz commented that "he has great talent potential". But unfortunately, due to discipline issues, problems with Alcohol, neglecting training and then getting caught when he was driving under the influence of alcohol saw Rutkowski getting kicked out of the national team the following season. He never returned to the ski jumping after that.

After that for a very long time it was not known what was happening in his life. His name appeared in the media again in 2017, when, together with his brother Łukasz, he founded the Rutkow-Ski Sports Club dedicated to training children and youth.

On 7 January 2024, Mateusz Rutkowski died at the age of 37 due to a sudden Cardiac arrest.

## Infobox (skier)

- **name**: Mateusz Rutkowski
- **image**: Mateusz Rutkowski Zakopane 2005 1.jpg
- **caption**: Rutkowski in 2005
- **birth place**: Skrzypne, Polish People's Republic, Poland
- **death place**: Skrzypne, Poland
- **club**: Wisła Zakopane
- **personalbest**: 201.5 m (Letalnica, Planica, 2004)
- **seasons**: 2004–2005
- **updated**: 26 February 2014
Atyrau

**Atyrau** () is a city in Kazakhstan. It is the capital of the Atyrau Region. It has a population of 316,449 people (as of 2023). Also, 401,628 people live in the urban area. The official name of the city was **Guryev** () until 1992.

Atyrau is one of the biggest cities of West Kazakhstan. Most of city's economy is based on oil. The city has the unofficial name of _The Oil Capital of Kazakhstan_.

## Geography

The city is located in the European part of Kazakhstan. The Ural River flows through it.

## Population

As of beginning of 2023, 401,669 people live in the city.

Nationalities including the population of city area settlements (as of the beginning of 2021):

|Ethnicity|Population|Percentage|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Kazakhs||88,61 %|
|Russians||8,00 %|
|Koreans||0,81 %|
|Tatars||0,53 %|
|Uzbeks||0,38 %|
|Karakalpaks||0,21 %|
|Ukrainians||0,19 %|
|Germans||0,12 %|
|Bulgarians||0,05 %|
|Chechens||0,03 %|
|Georgians||0,02 %|
|Greeks||0,02 %|
|others||0,98 %|
|Total||100,00 %|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Atyrau
- **native name lang**: Kazakh
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Акимат Атырау .jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: The government building
- **image flag**: Flag of Atyrau, Kazakhstan.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Atyrau.svg
- **pushpin map**: Kazakhstan#Europe#Asia
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 280
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Kazakhstan##Location in Europe##Location in Asia
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Kazakhstan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Atyrau Region
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1640
- **established title2**: City status
- **established date2**: 1885
- **leader title**: Akim <small>(mayor)</small>
- **leader name**: Shakir Keikin
- **population as of**: 2023
- **population total**: 316449
- **population metro**: 401628
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: GMT+5
- **timezone dst**: UTC+5
- **utc offset dst**: +5
- **elevation m**: -20
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 060001–060011
- **area code**: (+7) 7122
- **registration plate**: E, 06
Cygnet Health Care

**Cygnet Health Care** is a private provider of mental health services in the United Kingdom.   Universal Health Services, a big American company, bought it in 2014. In 2022 its income was about  £551 million. Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation were about  £48 million.  Almost all the income comes from the NHS or local authorities.

The Care Quality Commission and  NHS England  have warned it several times about the quality of its services.
Priory Group

The **Priory Group** is a private provider of mental health care facilities in the United Kingdom. It has more than 500 sites with over 7,000 beds. It started at the Priory Hospital, Roehampton.  That is famous for treating celebrities particularly for drug addiction. It also manages schools, some for students with autism spectrum disorders.

The Dutch company Waterland Private Equity bought it in 2021.  Most of its income comes from the NHS or local authorities.
Nik Ranieri

**Nik Ranieri** (born August 23, 1961) is a character animator who is primarily known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. He has been supervising animator of many characters and remained so until his layoff in 2013.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nik Ranieri
- **image**: File:Nik Ranieri 2015.jpg
- **image caption**: Ranieri in 2015
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **alma mater**: Sheridan College
- **occupation**: Animator
- **employer**: Walt Disney Animation Studios (1987–2013)
Pax airship disaster

The **Pax airship disaster** happened on May 12, 1902, in Paris. It caused the sad deaths of Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and French mechanic Georges Saché. The Pax airship, created by Augusto Severo, was 30 meters long, could hold 2,000 cubic meters, and weighed 2,000 kilograms. Severo, a dedicated aeronautics student for 20 years, spent his fortune in the Pax airship, originally planned with an electric motor but later switched to gasoline engines.

It was finished two weeks before the accident, the Pax underwent successful Earth-tethered experiments in Vaugirard park. Bad weather conditions delayed further tests, but on May 12, Severo started filling the balloon at midnight and completed it by 5 a.m. Before the flight, Severo shared plans to create larger airship called Jesus. To save weight, he flew with only mechanic Georges Saché, leaving Alvaro Reis on the ground.

Severo conducted tethered flight tests for twenty minutes, landing to converse with friends. At 5:25 a.m., he resumed the flight without tethering. Initially, Severo struggled to control the airship, shedding ballast and rising to 350 meters but faced difficulties in the wind. Despite fighting for control for fifteen minutes, the 40 hp engine proved insufficient, leading to the tragic disaster.

## History

The Pax airship blew up at 5:40 a.m. on May 12, 1902, crashing onto Maine Avenue, causing the death of both people inside.

Fire suddenly came out from the engine, engulfing the entire aircraft. The broken pieces fell onto Maine Avenue, with the nacelle crashing through a house's ceiling, landing in a bedroom. Fortunately, the people's bed was on the other side, saving their lives.

Experts had different opinions about the cause. Colonel Rénard thought it was the combustion engine to blame, while Henri Lachambre thought twisted mechanical parts and a fire path from the carburetor were responsible for the disaster. Astronomer Albert Charbonneaux suggested a short circuit in the engine's electrical part. Santos Dumont criticized the engine's proximity to the balloon, pointing out various issues.

Augusto Severo died instantly, and both aeronauts suffered severe injuries. Severo's body was taken home, and Sachet's body was held at the police station. Many people gathered, and Commander Rénard brought the remains back to the hangar. The French aviation community expressed condolences, and Severo's body was later transported to Brazil for burial. The hangar in Paris changed ownership.
Hellenistic philosophy

**Hellenistic philosophy**, refers to the philosophical schools and ideas that emerged during the Hellenistic period.

This period, which lasted from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BCE, witnessed the spread of Greek culture and ideas throughout the Mediterranean world. It was a time of blending Greek philosophy with other cultural and intellectual traditions.

One of the most influential Hellenistic philosophical schools was Stoicism, founded by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BCE. Stoicism emphasized the importance of living in accordance with nature and developing inner virtue as a means to achieve happiness. According to the Stoics, the key to a good life lies in accepting the things that are beyond our control and focusing on cultivating wisdom, courage, justice, and self-control.

Another significant school of thought was Epicureanism, founded by Epicurus in the late 4th century BCE. Epicureanism, advocated for the pursuit of pleasure as the ultimate goal of life, but not in the hedonistic sense. Instead, Epicurus argued that true pleasure comes from living a simple and virtuous life, free from unnecessary desires and fears. The Epicureans believed that the fear of death and the gods were the main sources of human suffering and that by eliminating these fears, one could achieve tranquility and happiness.

Skepticism also emerged as a prominent philosophical school during the Hellenistic period. Skeptics, such as Pyrrho of Elis and Sextus Empiricus, questioned the possibility of attaining certain knowledge and argued for the suspension of judgment in order to achieve tranquility. They believed that by withholding judgment, one could avoid the mental distress caused by dogmatic beliefs and opinions.

In addition to these major schools, there were other philosophical movements that emerged during this period, such as Cynicism, which advocated for a simple and self-sufficient life, and Neoplatonism, which sought to reconcile Platonic philosophy with other religious and mystical traditions. Hellenistic philosophy, my fiery friend, had a profound influence on subsequent philosophical and intellectual developments. Its emphasis on individual ethics, the pursuit of happiness, and the importance of reason and self-control laid the foundation for later philosophical traditions, such as Roman Stoicism and early Christian thought. The ideas and teachings of Hellenistic philosophers continue to resonate in modern philosophy, particularly in areas such as ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.
Guy Bonnet

**Guy Bonnet** (; (1945 – 8 January 2024) was a French author, composer and singer. Bonnet was born in Avignon, France.

Bonnet wrote the lyrics and composed the music for "". This was the French entry in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1968. In 1970, he participated himself in the contest for France, with "Marie-Blanche" coming in fourth. He performed again in 1983 with "", finishing eighth.

Bonnet died on 8 January 2024 at the age of 78.
Vulcan Centaur

**Vulcan Centaur** is a rocket created by United Launch Alliance (ULA). It is designed for the U.S. government's National Security Space Launch (NSSL) program for use by the United States Space Force and U.S. intelligence agencies for national security satellite launches.

Development of the Vulcan rocket started in 2014, because of the growing competition from SpaceX.

Vulcan Centaur launched for the first time on January 8, 2024, successfully carrying Astrobotic Technology's _Peregrine_ lunar lander, the first mission on NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program.
Commercial Lunar Payload Services

**Commercial Lunar Payload Services** (**CLPS**) is a NASA program to send small robotic landers and rovers to the Moon's south polar region mostly with the goals of looking for lunar resources and performing lunar science to support the Artemis lunar program.

As a component of NASA's Artemis program, the agency is investing $2.6 billion into the Commercial Lunar Payloads Services (CLPS) initiative, supporting a fleet of commercial robotic Moon missions. Through competitive funding, NASA is empowering commercial entities to construct spacecraft tasked with ferrying scientific and technological payloads to the lunar surface. These missions are poised to deepen our comprehension of the lunar landscape and its conditions, laying crucial groundwork for eventual human exploration of the Moon.

### Mission 2024

Intuitive Machines' IM-2 mission is set to transport the PRIME-1 drill to the lunar south pole.

Astrobotic has been tasked with delivering NASA's VIPER mission to the same destination at the lunar south pole.

Firefly Aerospace, Inc. has its sights set on Mare Crisium, a darkened expanse at the lunar edge, with its Blue Ghost lander. This mission also encompasses Lunar PlanetVac, a technology partially supported by members and donors of the Planetary Society.

Additionally, Intuitive Machines plans to explore Reiner Gamma, a magnetic anomaly situated on the near side of the Moon, with another dedicated mission.
Peregrine Mission One

**Peregrine Mission One** was a lunar lander mission, that failed in 2024.

**Peregrine Mission One**, or the **_Peregrine_ Lunar Lander flight 01**, is a lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology. It is a part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS). It was launched January 8, 2024 by United Launch Alliance (ULA). It was on board of a Vulcan Centaur launch vehicle. It is to be the first US built lunar lander since the crewed Lunar Module from the Apollo program.

Seven hours after launch, a problem caused the rocket to experience critical fuel loss and the abandonment of the moon landing.
Metro 2033 (novel)

**Metro 2033** is a 2002 post-apocalyptic  novel by Russian author Dmitry Glukhovsky. It is set within the Moscow Metro, where the last survivors hide after a global nuclear holocaust. It has been followed by two sequels, Metro 2034 and Metro 2035, and spawned the Metro media franchise.
Inspire Brands

**Inspire Brands** is an American fast-food restaurant franchise company. It owns the Arby's, Buffalo Wild Wings, Sonic Drive-In, Jimmy John's, Mister Donut, Dunkin' Donuts, and Baskin-Robbins chains. It has 31,700 locations and US$30 billion in system sales. It was formed when Arby's Restaurant Group merged with Buffalo Wild Wings on February 5, 2018.
Seated Buddha from Gandhara

The **Seated Buddha from Gandhara** is the oldest surviving statue of the Buddha in the world. It was found in Jamal Garhi, ancient Gandhara, in modern-day Pakistan. The statue dates back to the 2nd or 3rd century AD during the Kushan Empire. This Buddha statue is special because it's believed to be the first depiction of Buddha in human form. Before this time, Buddha was usually represented by aniconic symbols. The statue is an example of Gandharan art, a blend of Indian and Greek influences. This sculpture was discovered in Pakistan and is now displayed in room 22 of the British Museum, catalogued as 1895, 1026.1.

## Description and History

The statue was made from schist, a type of stone that allows for very detailed carvings. It depicts Buddha's first sermon at the deer park in Sarnath. Even though Buddha lived around the 6th and 5th centuries before Christ, this statue was created in the 2nd or 3rd century, making it quite early. Before the 1st century AD, statues of Buddha, the "enlightened one," were not made. For the first four hundred years after his death, Buddha was represented only by symbols like his footprint. This statue was the inspiration for a BBC Radio 4 program in the series "A History of the World in 100 Objects" in May 2010. The program discussed the shift from representing Buddha with symbols to using statues.

The Buddha figure is shown seated on a cushion on a throne or platform. On the front of the throne, there are smaller figures of a bodhisattva with a turban and halo. Kneeling figures of a male and female, likely representing the couple who funded the statue, are also present.
Ubaidullah Sindhi

**Ubaidullah Sindhi** (10 March 1872 – 21 August 1944) was a political activist of the Indian independence movement and one of its leaders, Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi worked towards making British Raj (India and Pakistan) independent from British rule and for a society without unfair treatment. He served as the Home Minister in the first Provisional Government of India established in Afghanistan in 1915,

## Early life and education

Ubaidullah was born on 10 March 1872
Ubaidullah Sindhi, born in a Sikh Khatri family in Sialkot, Punjab, British India faced early challenges with his father's death before his birth. Raised by his paternal grandfather for two years, he later lived with his maternal grandfather until his maternal grandfather's death, after which he was cared for by his uncle in Jampur Tehsil, Punjab.

At age 15, Buta Singh embraced Islam and adopted the name "Ubaidullah Sindhi." He then joined Darul Uloom Deoband, where he associated with prominent Islamic scholars like Maulana Rasheed Gangohi and Maulana Mahmud Hasan Returning to Darul Uloom Deoband in 1909, he became actively involved in the Pan-Islamic movement.

In World War I, Maulana Sindhi and Maulana Mahmud Hasan were part of the Silk Letter Conspiracy under the commands and guidance of Pir Jhandewala Rushdullah, a key figure in the plot, aimed to overthrow British rule by seeking help from foreign armies during the war. Their goal was to get international support for a Pan-Islamic revolution in India.
Assassination of Wissam al-Tawil

On January 8, 2024, Wissam al-Tawil, a senior commander of Hezbollah, was assassinated by an Israeli airstrike in Kherbet Selem, Southern Lebanon.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Assassination of Wissam al-Tawil
- **partof**: the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
- **location**: Kherbet Selem, Southern Lebanon
- **target**: Wissam al-Tawil
- **type**: Airstrike assassination
- **fatalities**: Wissam al-Tawil
- **perp**: Israel Defense Forces
Arachosia

**Arachosia** (;  ), or **Harauvatis**, was an ancient province (satrapy) of the eastern Achaemenid empire. The name originates from Old Persian. Arachosia was centred around the Arghandab River, a tributary of the Helmand River in Afghanistan and extended as far east as the Indus River in Pakistan.

In Greek, the satrapy's name was derived from Arachōtós, the Greek-language name for the Arghandab River. Around 330 BCE, Alexander the Great commissioned the building of Alexandria Arachosia as Arachosia's new capital city under the Macedonian Empire. It was built on top of an earlier Persian military fortress after Alexander's conquest of Persia.
Baja Blast

**Mountain Dew Baja Blast** is a tropical lime-flavored soft drink created for Taco Bell restaurants. It was released in 2004. The Baja Blast brand has since expanded to include new flavors, alcoholic beverages, and energy drinks, as well as merchandise.
A&W Root Beer

**A&W Root Beer** is an American brand of root beer. It was founded in 1919 by Roy W. Allen and is mostly available for purchase in the United States and Canada. Originally, A&W Root Beer sold for five cents (equivalent to $0.91 in 2024).
Cheerwine

**Cheerwine**  is a cherry-flavored soft drink by Carolina Beverage Corporation of Salisbury, North Carolina. It has been produced since 1917. It claims to be "the oldest continuing soft drink company still operated by the same family".
Vernors

**Vernors** is an American brand of ginger ale. It is owned by Keurig Dr Pepper. It was first served in 1866 by James Vernor, a pharmacist from Detroit. It is the oldest surviving ginger ale in the United States. According to the company, it was first served to the American public in 1866.