juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jason Alexander

**Jason Alexander** (born September 23, 1959) is an American actor. He played George Costanza in the television series _Seinfeld_. He is of Jewish descent.

## Filmography

- _The Burning_ - Dave (1981)
- _Senior Trip_ - Pete (1981)
- _Mosquito Coast_ - Clerk (1986)
- _Brighton Beach Memoirs_ - Pool Player (1986)
- _Seinfeld_ - George Costanza (1989 - 1998)
- _Pretty Woman_ - Philip Stuckey (1990)
- _White Palace_ - Neil (1990)
- _Jacob's Ladder_ - Geary (1990)
- _I Don't Buy Kisses Anymore_ - Bernie Fishbine (1992)
- _Coneheads_ - Neighbor Larry Farber (1993)
- _Sexual Healing_ (1993)
- _For Goodness Sake_ (993)
- _Duckman_ - Duckman - voice (1994 - 1997)
- _The Paper_ - Marion Sandusky (1994)
- _North_ (1994)
- _Blankman_ (1994)
- _The Return of Jafar_ - Abis Mal - voice (1994)
- _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ - Hugo - voice (1996)
- _The Last Supper_ (1995)
- _Dunston Checks In_ (1996)
- _For Better Or Worse_ (1996)
- _Love! Valour! Compassion!_ - Buzz Hauser (1997)
- _The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle_ -Boris Badenov (2000)
- _The Trumpet of the Swan_ - Father - voice (2001)
- _Shallow Hal_ - Mauricio Wilson (2001)
- _Mona the Vampire_ - Helicopter Soldier Club #1 - voice (2002)
- _The Hunchback of Notre Dame II_ - Hugo - voice (2002)
- _The Man Who Saved Christmas_ (2002)
- _101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure_ - Lil' Lightning - voice (2003)

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Jason Alexander
- **image**: Jason_Alexander.JPG
- **birth name**: Jay Scott Greenspan
- **birth place**: Newark, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: Daena E. Title (1981-)
- **credits**: **George Costanza** in _Seinfeld_
**Mauricio Wilson** in _Shallow Hal_
- **awards**: **Tony Awards** for Best Leading Actor in a Musical
*1989 _Jerome Robbins' Broadway_
Khandi Alexander

**Khandi Alexander** (born September 4, 1957) is an American dancer, choreographer, and movie and television actress.

She played the character _Catherine Duke_ on _NewsRadio_ and the character _Jackie Robbins_ on _ER_. She is best known for the character _Alexx Woods_, a coroner on the CBS drama _CSI: Miami_. She is currently appearing in the HBO series _Treme_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Khandi Alexander
- **image**: Khandi Alexander 2013.jpg
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, United States
- **known for**: Playing **Alexx Woods** in _CSI: Miami_
Pamela Anderson

**Pamela Denise Anderson** (born July 1, 1967 in Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian-American actress, sex symbol, glamour model, producer, television personality, and author.

Anderson started her career in Labatt Beer commercials. She was then offered to pose for Playboy and appeared in five issues. Anderson was the Playmate of the Month in February 1990. Anderson was a sex symbol in the 1990s. In 1993 she joined the cast of _Baywatch_. Anderson has been a contestant in two series of _Dancing with the Stars_ and in the 2013 series of _Dancing on Ice_.

For a time, she was known as **Pamela Anderson Lee** during her marriage to the drummer for Mötley Crüe, Tommy Lee. The couple had two sons. She later married Kid Rock and Rick Salomon. She is a dual citizen: Canadian and American. In 2002, she stated that she has been diagnosed with hepatitis C.

Anderson is a vegan and an animal rights' activist. She recently went makeup-free.

### Movies

- _The Taking of Beverly Hills_ (1991)
- _Snapdragon_ (1993)
- _Raw Justice_ (1994)
- _Naked Souls_ (1995)
- _Barb Wire_ (1996)
- _The Making of Bret Michaels_ (2002) (documentary)
- _Scooby-Doo_ (2002)
- _Pauly Shore Is Dead_ (2003)
- _Scary Movie 3_ (2003)
- _No Rules_ (2005)
- _Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan_ (2006)
- _Superhero Movie_ (2008)
- _Blonde and Blonder_ (2008)
- _Costa Rican Summer_ (2010)
- _Hollywood & Wine_ (2010)
- _The Commuter_ (2010)
- The last showgirl (2024)

### Television

- _Home Improvement_ (cast member from 1991 to 1993)
- _Baywatch_ (cast member from 1992 to 1997)
- _Days of Our Lives_ (cast member in 1992)
- _Come Die with Me: A Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer Mystery_ (1994)
- _V.I.P._ (1998-2002)
- _Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding_ (2003)
- _Stripperella_ (2003-2004) (voice)
- _Stacked_ (2005-2006)
- _Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson_ (2005)
- _8 Simple Rules_ (2005)
- _Stacked_ (2005-2006)
- _Package Deal_ (2013)

## Other websites

- The Official Website of Pamela Anderson
- Official Pamela Anderson MySpace

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pamela Anderson
- **image**: AV0A6273 Pamela Anderson.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: Pamela Anderson (2017)
- **birth place**: Ladysmith, British Columbia, Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada
- **height**: 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m)
- **birth name**: Pamela Denise Anderson
- **othername**: Pamela Anderson Lee
- **homepage**: [http://www.pamelaanderson.com PamelaAnderson.com]
- **credits**: * "C.J. Parker" in _Baywatch_
* "Barbara 'Barb Wire' Kopetski" in _Barb Wire_
* "Vallery Irons" in _V.I.P. (TV series), V.I.P._
- **spouse**: Tommy Lee
(m. 1995-1998, divorced)
Kid Rock
(m. 2006-2007, divorced)
Rick Salomon
(m. 2007-2008, annulled; 2014-present)
- **children**: 2 sons
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **citizenship**: Canadian nationality law, Canadian (lifelong)
United States nationality law, American (2004-present)
Miami Ink

***Miami Ink*** is an American television show on TLC about a tattoo shop in Miami, Florida.
Edmontonia

***Edmontonia*** was an armoured dinosaur, of the nodosaur family from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada.
It was heavy and tank-like at about 6.6 m (22 ft) long. It had bony plates on its back and head, many sharp spikes along its back and tail and four large spikes jutting out from its shoulders on each side.  To protect itself from predators, it may have crouched down on the ground to protect its defenceless underbelly.
Adaminaby

**Adaminaby** () is a town in southeast New South Wales, Australia on the Snowy Mountains Highway. The first town of Adaminaby was in the way of a new dam built on the Eucumbene River as part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme. In 1957 more than 100 buildings were relocated to a new site 10 kilometres away where they would not be flooded.
The name, Adaminaby is an Aboriginal word meaning a camp, or a resting place. The town first started during the gold rush to Kiandra, New South Wales|Kiandra in 1860. It was first called Seymour, but the name was changed to Adaminaby in 1886.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Adaminaby
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: Adaminaby_main_street.jpg
- **caption**: Main street of Adaminaby, New South Wales
- **lga**: Snowy Monaro Regional Council
- **postcode**: 2629
- **pop**: 301
- **elevation**: 1017
- **county**: Wallace County, New South Wales, Wallace
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Monaro, Monaro
- **fedgov**: Division of Eden-Monaro, Eden-Monaro
- **dist1**: 402
- **location1**: Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney
- **dist2**: 140
- **location2**: Canberra
- **dist3**: 52
- **location3**: Cooma, New South Wales, Cooma
High and Mighty Color

**High and Mighty Color**<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">ハイ・アンド・マイティ・カラー</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> _<span class="t_nihongo_romaji">Hai ando Maiti Karā</span>_<span class="t_nihongo_help"><sup><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;">?</span></sup></span>)</span> is a Japanese rock band signed to Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Their single _Ichirinno Hana_ was used as an OP song for the anime show, _Bleach_.

## Members

- Maki – vocals
- Yuusuke – vocals
- Kazuto - guitar
- Meg – guitar
- Mackaz – bass
- Sassy – drums

## Awards

- 47th Japanese Record Grand Prix Rookie of the Year Award for 2005

## Other websites

- Official website
- SMEJ artist page
- High and Mighty Color at oricon.co.jp

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: High and Mighty Color
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Japan
- **years active**: 2004-2010
- **label**: Sony Music Entertainment Japan
- **website**: https://www.handmc.jp/
- **current members**: * Kazuto
* Mackaz
* Maki
* Meg (musician), Meg
* Sassy (musician), Sassy
* Yuusuke
Colorado River

The **Colorado River** is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is approximately 1,450 miles (2,330 km) long. It drains a part of the dry regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains.

The natural course of the river flows into the Gulf of California. The heavy use of the river as an irrigation source for the Imperial Valley has desiccated the lower course of the river in Mexico. Now it no longer always reaches the sea.

On its way the Colorado River runs through Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California and Mexico. The Colorado River drains 242,900 sq mi (629,100 km²). Total flows of the river range from 4000 cubic feet per second (570 m³/s) in droughts to 1,000,000 ft³/s (28,000 m³/s) in severe floods. With the construction of massive power dams on the lower course of the river, floods of over 70,000 ft³/s (2000 m³/s) are rare. The mean flow of the total river before diversion is 22,000 ft³/s.

Historically, the flow was much higher before water usage began in the basin.

## Infobox (_river)

- **name**: Colorado River
- **image**: Colorado watershed.png
- **image size**: 220px
- **image caption**: Map of the Colorado Watershed
- **mouth**: Gulf of California
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **subdivision name1**: United States, Mexico
- **length**: 2,330 km (1,450 mi)
- **source1 elevation**: ~2700 m (~9000 ft)
- **discharge1 avg**: 620 m³/s (22,000 ft³/s)
- **basin size**: 629,100 km² (242,900 mi²)
Cola

**Cola** is a type of carbonated drink that was made from the kola nut in the past, although other foods are often used now. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are types of cola. 120 years ago, only 9 glasses of cola were sold each day, but now, around 14 million cola drinks are drunk in the world every day.

Cola is usually made cold in a fridge, so it can be more refreshing, and helps to retain its fizziness. Cola used to contain cocaine from the coca leaf, but that was removed in 1886.

## Related pages

- Cuba libre
1035

## Events

- Harald I becomes King of England.
- Harthacanute becomes king of Denmark.
- Magnus I becomes king of Norway.
- William II (the future William I of England) becomes duke of Normandy.
- Construction on the cathedral of Saint Sabino begins in Bari.
- Koper is awarded town rights.

## Deaths

- 1 July–3 July — Robert I Duke of Normandy at Bythinian Nicaea while on pilgrimage
- October 18 — Sancho III of Navarre
- November 4 — Jaromír, duke of Bohemia
- November 12 — Canute the Great, King of England, of Denmark, of Norway, some of Sweden, and the territories near the legendary Jomsviking stronghold Jomsburg.
Slash

**Slash** can mean:
- Slash (musician) (born Saul Hudson in 1965), Velvet Revolver & Guns N' Roses  guitarist.
- Slash (punctuation), the "/" punctuation character also called virgule (=a **solidus** is a typographic variant).
- Slash chord, in popular music.
- Slash (fanzine), a punk rock fanzine founded in 1977.
- Slash fiction, a genre of fan fiction dealing with homosexual relationships or sexual encounters.
- Slash (logging), woody debris generated by timber harvesting
- Slash (wrestler), professional wrestler.
- Slash notation, a form of music notation.
- Slash Pine, a tree native to the southeast United States.
- Slash Records, a punk record label.
- Slash (TMNT), a character from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles fictional universe.
- Slash (weblog system), the weblogging software which powers the Slashdot website.
- Slash and burn, an agricultural procedure.
- Slash'EM, a variant of the computer game NetHack
- Feynman slash notation, of quantum field theory.
- Slash rating, a US National Electrical Code circuit interrupt hardware qualifier.
Slash (musician)

**Saul Hudson** (born July 23, 1965), who is most known professionally as **Slash**, is an English American musician. Originally from Hampstead, London, his family moved to Los Angeles, California when he was a child. He is perhaps most known for being lead guitarist of hard rock band Guns N' Roses from 1985 to 1996. After leaving the band due to tensions with Axl Rose, Slash first formed Slash's Snakepit and then later co-founded Velvet Revolver with his former Guns N' Roses bandmates Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum.

He also makes guest appearances starting from Alice Cooper's 1988 documentary film The Decline of Western Civilization Part II: The Metal Years and Iggy Pop's 1990 album Brick by Brick.

In August 2009, Time Magazine named him #2 on its list of the 10 Best Electric Guitar Players of All-Time.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **instrument**: Guitar


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Slash
- **image**: Glasto2023 (216 of 468) (53008944401) - slash crop.jpg
- **caption**: Slash in 2023
- **birth name**: Saul Hudson
- **birth place**: Hampstead, London, England
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **relatives**: Ola Hudson (mother)
- **children**: 2
- **signature**: Slash_signature.png
Billie Joe Armstrong

**Billie Joe Armstrong** (born 17 February 1972 in Oakland, California) is an American musician and the lead singer and guitarist for the punk band Green Day. He also has numerous side projects as a vocalist, lyricist and guitarist in Foxboro Hot Tubs, Pinhead Gunpowder and The Network.

## Early life

He was born in Oakland, California. He is of English, German, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Native American, Scottish, Spanish and Welsh descent.

## Music career

Armstrong was given his first guitar "Blue", a Fernandes Stratocaster, at the age of 11 by his father, Andrew Armstrong, who died soon after. He and childhood friend Mike Dirnt started Sweet Children, their first band which eventually developed into Green Day in 1987. They added drummer John Kiffenmeyer (Al Sobrante). Sobrante left the band to go to college as they were making waves and gaining popularity. Frank Edwin Wright III (famously known as Tre Cool) replaced him as the permanent drummer making the official line up of Green Day in 1989.

The band gained a following in the punk scene in California, particularly in the Gilman Street Scene. They released three EPs (_1000 hours_, _39/Smooth_ and _Slappy_) before releasing two LPs, one being a compilation of the EPs (_1039 Smoothed Out Slappy Hour_) in 1991 and _Kerplunk_ later in the same year.

With the release of their first major label album _Dookie_ the band gained worldwide attention. Their intentions were not to sell out but just to make music. Unfortunately the popularity did not do well with the Gilman scene and they were exiled. However, despite those rough years the band became increasingly popular.

Armstrong has considered himself to be Independent with left-wing causes. He described Donald Trump as a fascist and in an inflammatory statement compared him to Adolf Hitler, prior to describing him as a puppet of the Illuminati.

## Related pages

- List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Billie Joe Armstrong
- **image**: RiP2013 GreenDay Billie Joe Armstrong 0021.jpg
- **caption**: Armstrong performing in 2013
- **birth place**: Oakland, California, U.S.
- **origin**: Rodeo, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1987–present
Puerto Cabezas

**Puerto Cabezas** is a city in Nicaragua. It is the capital of the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region (RACCN).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Puerto Cabezas
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **image skyline**: Muelle de Bilwi, Puerto Cabezas (RAAN).jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Pier in Bilwi, Puerto Cabezas
- **image flag**: Flag of Region Autonoma del Atlantico Norte.svg
- **image seal**: Seal of Region Autonoma del Atlantico Norte.svg
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Nicaragua
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Nicaragua
- **subdivision type1**: Departments of Nicaragua, Department
- **subdivision name1**: North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5985
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 66169
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population urban**: 39428
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central Time
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: No DST
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical monsoon climate, Am
Tegucigalpa

**Tegucigalpa** is the capital and largest city of Honduras. With a total population of  1,526,660 people as of 2022.

## Geography

Tegucigalpa is located on a chain of mountains with elevations of  at its lowest points and  at its highest suburban areas. Like most of the interior highlands of Honduras, the majority of Tegucigalpa's current area was occupied by open woodland. The area surrounding the city continues to be open woodland supporting pine forest interspersed with some oak, scrub, and grassy clearings as well as needle leaf evergreen and broadleaf deciduous forest.

### Climate

Tegucigalpa has tropical savanna climate (Köppen: _Aw_) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen: _Cwa_) in the highlands ; due to the elevation and with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, and the dry season.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tegucigalpa
- **official name**: Tegucigalpa, Municipio del Distrito Central
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: _Tegus_, _Tepaz_, _Cerro de Plata (Silver Mountain)_
- **image skyline**: Tegucigalpa downtown panoramic 2026.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Tegucigalpa.svg
- **image map**: FranciscoMorazanMunicipalities2.png
- **map caption**: Location of the Central District within the Francisco Morazán Department, Department of Francisco Morazán
- **pushpin map**: Honduras
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Tegucigalpa, M.D.C. in Honduras
- **mapsize**: 120px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Honduras
- **subdivision type1**: Department
- **subdivision name1**: Francisco Morazán Department, Francisco Morazán
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Distrito Central, Central District
- **government type**: Mayor-council government, Mayor-Council
- **governing body**: Municipal Corporation
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jorge Aldana (Liberty and Refundation party, LIBRE)
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **leader name1**: Juan García
- **leader title2**: Aldermen
- **leader name3**: J
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title2**: Capital
- **established title3**: Merged as Central District
- **area blank1 title**: Central District
- **area blank1 km2**: 1,396.5
- **area total km2**: 201.5
- **population as of**: 2022
- **population total**: 1,526,660
- **population density km2**: 5,604.6
- **population metro**: 1,324,000
- **population density metro km2**: 948.08
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: _Spanish language, Spanish_:tegucigalpense, comayagüelense, capitalino(a)
- **timezone**: Central America
- **utc offset**: -6
- **elevation m**: 990
- **elevation ft**: 3,250
- **blank1 name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank1 info**: Subtropical climate, Cwa
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: Tegucigalpa: 11101, Comayagüela: 12101
- **area code**: (country) +504 (city) 2
- **blank name sec1**: Annual budget (2008)
- **blank info sec1**: 1.555 billion Honduran lempira, lempiras (US$82,190,000)
- **website**: [http://www.lacapitaldehonduras.hn/ Government of Tegucigalpa]
1062

## Events

- Founding of Marrakech by the Almoravid dynasty
- The Almoravids overrun Morocco and establish a kingdom from Spain to Senegal.
- Affligem Abbey, of the Order of St. Benedict founded in Affligem, Belgium.

## Births

- Nicephorus Bryennius, Byzantine statesman (d. 1137)
Zappanale

The **Zappanale** is a music festival held every year in honour of the musician and composer Frank Zappa. It happens in the beginning of August at the town of Bad Doberan, Germany.

## Other websites

- Zappanale homepage
- Arf-Society
Burlington Airpark

**Burlington Airpark**  is an airport in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. It has two runways. The airport is privately owned by Vince Rossi.

## History

The airport was created by Victor and Gwen Kovachik in 1962. It is a very popular airport for Toronto-area pilots.

## Runways

The airport's first runway is  and is made of asphalt and turf. The second runway is  and is made of turf.

## Other websites

- Burlington Airpark Website
- Kovachik Airport Services

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Burlington Airpark
- **lid**: CZBA
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: Vince Rossi
- **location**: Burlington, Ontario
- **elevation-f**: 602
- **elevation-m**: 183
- **website**: [http://www.burlingtonairpark.com/ www.burlingtonairpark.com]
- **r1-number**: 14/32
- **r1-length-f**: 3,763
- **r1-length-m**: 1,147
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt/Sod, Turf
- **r2-number**: 09/27
- **r2-length-f**: 2,145
- **r2-length-m**: 654
- **r2-surface**: Turf
- **footnotes**: Source: Canada Flight Supplement
Pratibha Patil

**Pratibha Devisingh Patil** (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician. She was the first woman to become the President of India serving from 2007 through 2012.   Before becoming President, she was the Governor of Rajasthan and served as that from 2004 to 2007. One of her many achievements is Order of Aztec Eagle which she received in 2019. It is Mexico's highest civilian award.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pratibha Patil
- **honorific-prefix**: Her Excellency
- **office**: List of Presidents of India, 12th President of India
- **image**: The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg
- **predecessor**: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
- **primeminister**: Manmohan Singh
- **successor**: Pranab Mukherjee
- **vicepresident**: Mohammad Hamid Ansari
- **party**: Indian National Congress
- **office1**: List of governors of Rajasthan, Governor of Rajasthan
- **predecessor1**: Madan Lal Khurana
- **successor1**: Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
- **office2**: Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
- **term2**: 18 November 1986-5 November 1988
- **predecessor2**: M. M. Jacob
- **successor2**: Najma Heptullah
- **birth name**: Pratibha Patil
- **birth place**: Nadgaon, Bombay Presidency, British India
(now in Maharashtra, India)
- **otherparty**: United Progressive Alliance
- **spouse**: Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat
- **alma mater**: Savitribai Phule Pune University, University of Pune
University of Mumbai
- **term start**: 25 July 2007
- **term end**: 25 July 2012
- **term start1**: 8 November 2004
- **term end1**: 23 June 2007
- **native name lang**: hi
Lily

The **lily** is a genus of flowering plant. There are many species of lilies, like trumpet lilies and tiger lilies. They are usually quite tall, and are perennials.

Most lilies grow from a bulb, which in some species develops into a rhizome, which carries small bulbs.  A highly efficient technique for multiple shoot and propagule formation in lilies through plant tissue culture technique was given by Yadav et al., in 2013

Lilies grow in Europe, North America, and Asia. There are more than 100 species, and many cultivated varieties. They also come in various colours. It tends to grow wild in the forest and a grassy plain of a mountainous area, but several kinds grow wild on wet ground. A lily's petals come in multiples of three. The fleur de lys is a stylized depiction of the lily.

## Toxicity

Some _Lilium_ species are toxic to cats, especially _Lilium longiflorum_.The mechanism is not exactly known but it involves damage to the kidneys, which can cause acute renal failure. Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.<section end="lilium-toxicity" />

## Other websites

- http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118558
Dan Fogelberg

**Daniel Grayling "Dan" Fogelberg** (August 13, 1951 – December 16, 2007) was an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, whose music was inspired by sources as diverse as folk, pop, classical, jazz, and bluegrass music. He was most popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Lettuce

**Lettuce** is a vegetable as well as an annual plant. Both the stems and the leaves can be eaten. It is of the Asteraceae family.

## Growing lettuce

Lettuce can be grown in many parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, and North America, in temperate climates. It will turn more bitter tasting in hot weather. You can grow lettuce during winter in a greenhouse.

## Eating lettuce

In some countries, it is often eaten cold and raw, in salads, hamburgers, tacos, sandwiches, and many other dishes.  In some places, including China, lettuce is eaten cooked. Lettuce contains very little energy or nutrients.

## Kinds of lettuce

Most lettuce leaves are green, but some are red. Most lettuce leaves taste bitter. Some kinds of lettuce grow in a head shape like cabbage, while the leaves of some kinds grow more loosely.

The five main cultivars are: green leaf, red leaf, cos, crisphead, and stem lettuce.

Common varieties are Romaine, iceberg, and butter lettuce.

The name of the plant in English, _lettuce,_ and in Latin, _lactuca,_ come from _lactis_, the Latin word for milk, because the juice of the plant looks like milk.

## History of lettuce

Wild lettuce plants were eaten by the Romans and Egyptians. The ancient Greeks were among the first people to grow lettuce as a crop. It was one of the first plants brought to the New World by Christopher Columbus.
Hadrosaurus

***Hadrosaurus*** was a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous period. Is the only species in its genus and is the official state dinosaur of New Jersey. The name is dubious because no skull has been found to distinguish it from near relatives.

The Hadrosaurus pictured here was a land dwelling animal, who's body was washed out to sea after its death, where it fossilized on the seafloor.
William Shatner

**William Shatner**  (born March 22, 1931) is a Canadian actor, author, director, producer, screenwriter, singer and space tourist. He became famous for playing James Tiberius Kirk of the _USS Enterprise_ in the television show _Star Trek_ from 1966 to 1969 and in seven more movies.

Shatner has written a series of books telling his experiences playing James T. Kirk and being a part of _Star Trek_. He also played the role as veteran police sergeant _T.J. Hooker_, from 1982 to 1986. He has since worked as a musician, bestselling author, producer, director, and celebrity pitchman, most notably for Priceline.com.

He played attorney _Denny Crane_ on the television drama _Boston Legal_, for which he has won an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award.

Shatner is of Jewish descent.

On October 13, 2021, Shatner became the oldest person to go into space, at age 90, on board the Blue Origin NS-18. He went beyond the Kármán line.

## Early work

He trained as a Shakespearean actor and appeared in many plays. Before Star Trek, Shatner appeared in other TV shows such The Outlaws, 1960's _The Outer Limits_, The Twilight Zone, and movies. His first movie was in 1951. He starred in the movie _Incubus_ that was filmed only in Esperanto.

## Other websites

- Shatner's daily vlogs on "ShatnerVision"
- Shatner at Amazon Reviews
- William Shatner Interview at Slashdot
- Shatner at Fame Tracker
- NY Times story on Shatner's "Has Been" album with Ben Folds

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **child**: yes
- **type**: Space tourist
- **selection**: Blue Origin 2021
- **missions**: Blue Origin NS-18, NS-18


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William Shatner
- **image**: William Shatner Photo Op Nightmare Weekend Chicago 2025.jpg
- **caption**: Shatner in 2025
- **birth place**: Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Québec,  Canada
- **children**: 3; including Melanie Shatner, Melanie
- **education**: McGill University (Bachelor of Commerce, BComm, 1952)
- **yearsactive**: 1951–present
- **honours**: Officer, Order of Canada
- **website**: [http://www.williamshatner.com/ williamshatner.com]
Yeardley Smith

**Martha Maria Yeardley Smith** (born July 3, 1964) is an Emmy Award-winning American actress, comedian and writer. She is known for being the voice of Lisa Simpson on the animated television series _The Simpsons_.

## Television

|Year|Series|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1989–present|_The Simpsons_|Lisa Simpson (voice)|Main cast member; longest-running role _Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance_|
|1991|_Sesame Street_|Lisa Simpson (voice)|One episode; Celebrity _Monster in the Mirror_|
|1991–2004|_Rugrats_|Brown Dummy Bear, additional voices (voice)||
|1999-2002|_The Powerpuff Girls_|TV Reporter, Squirrel 1, additional voices|5 episodes|
|2020|_The Powerpuff Girls (2016)_|additional voices||

## Video games

|Year|Game|Role|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2002|_Powerpuff Girls: Relish Rampage_|Woman, Little Girl|

## Other websites

- The Daily Targum's interview with Yeardley Smith in 1997  (from _The Simpsons Archive_)
- _Simpsons Illustrated_s interview with Yeardley Smith in 1992  (from _The Simpsons Archive_)
- Yeardley Smith's interview in _Newsweek_, discussing her one-woman show _More_ and her struggles with bulimia
- Yeardley Smith at Voice Chasers

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Yeardley Smith
- **image**: Yeardleysmithcomiccon - Cropped.jpg
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **birthname**: Martha Maria Yeardley Smith
- **occupation**: Actress, comedian, writer
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **known for**: Playing "Lisa Simpson" in _The Simpsons_
- **awards**: **Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance**
 1992 _The Simpsons_
Denise Richards

**Denise Lee Richards** (born February 17, 1971) is an American actress and former fashion model. She came to fame in the late 1990s, after many movies that showed her beauty, including _Starship Troopers_, _Wild Things_ and _The World Is Not Enough_.

## Other websites

- DealMemo.com interview  (May 23, 2002)
- Cinema Confidential interview  (February 2, 2001)
- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Denise Richards
- **image**: Denise richards.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Denise Lee Richards
- **birth place**: Downers Grove, Illinois, United States, USA
- **occupation**: Actress, model
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **credits**: * "Carmen Ibanez" in _Starship Troopers (movie), Starship Troopers_ (1997)
* "Kelly Lanier Van Ryan" in _Wild Things_ (1998)
* "Dr. Christmas Jones" in _The World Is Not Enough_ (1999)
* "White She Devil" in _Undercover Brother_ (2002)
- **television**: _Denise Richards: It's Complicated_
- **children**: 3, including Sami Sheen and Lola Sheen
- **parents**: Irv Richards
Joni Richards (deceased)
Ashley Judd

**Ashley Judd** (born **Ashley Tyler Ciminella** on April 19, 1968) is an American actress. She is famous for her roles in a series of late 1990s and early 2000s thriller movies, including _Kiss the Girls_, _Double Jeopardy_ and _High Crimes_.

## Other websites

- "YouthAids Ambassador Ashley Judd launches U.S.-funded Newstart Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre (VCT) for HIV/AIDS in Cape Town" , _Diplomatic Mission of the United States of America_, January 31, 2005.
- "This is What a Feminist Looks Like"
- Marie Claire Interview on Feminism and Choice

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ashley Judd
- **image**: Ashley Judd 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Judd at premiere of _Divergent (film), Divergent_ in 2014
- **birth name**: Ashley Tyler Ciminella
- **birth place**: Granada Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA
- **occupation**: Actress, activist
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **parents**: Naomi Judd (mother)
- **relatives**: Wynonna Judd (older sister)
Barbara Stanwyck

**Barbara Stanwyck** (July 16, 1907 – January 20, 1990) was an American actress of movie, stage, and television.

In 1999, the American Film Institute named her among the Greatest Female Stars of All Time, ranking at No. 11.

She was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award.

## Other websites

- Time article
- Photographs of Barbara Stanwyck

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Barbara Stanwyck
- **image**: Barbara Stanwyck - Whitey Schafer - October 1944.jpg
- **caption**: Barbara Stanwyck in (1944)
- **birth name**: Ruby Catherine Stevens
- **birth date**: July 16, 1907
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, USA
- **death date**: January 20, 1990 (aged 82)
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California, USA
- **death cause**: Congestive heart failure and COPD
- **spouse**: Frank Fay (American actor), Frank Fay
(m. 1928-1935, divorced)
Robert Taylor (actor), Robert Taylor
(m. 1939-1951, divorced)
- **notable works**: **Jean Harrington** in _The Lady Eve_
**Victoria Barkley** in _The Big Valley_
- **awards**: **Academy Awards**
 Academy Honorary Award
1982 Life Achievement
**Emmy Awards**
 Outstanding Lead Actress - Drama Series: 1961 _The Barbara Stanwyck Show_; 1966 _The Big Valley_
 Outstanding Lead Actress - Miniseries/Movie 1983 _The Thorn Birds_
**Golden Globe Awards**
Best Supporting Actress - Miniseries 1984 _The Thorn Birds_
Cecil B. DeMille Award
1986 Lifetime achievement
Brooke Shields

**Brooke Christa Camille Shields** (born May 31, 1965) is an American actress and supermodel. She has been named one of People's most beautiful people in the world three times. Shields started being a model when she was 11 months old. Ford Models started their children's division for Shields.

## Career

She first acted in _Alice, Sweet Alice_, a 1976 slasher film. Her next film was _Pretty Baby_. In it she played a child prostitute called Violet. She was 12 when it was released and was naked in the film. Some people said this was child pornography and Shields got a lot of attention from this. In February 1980 she was the youngest model ever to be on the cover of Vogue (magazine). She was 14. Later that year she was in adverts for Calvin Klein jeans. In 1981, she starred in The Blue Lagoon.

In 1985 a book Shields wrote about her life, "On Your Own" was published.

In 1987 Shields got a degree from Princeton University in French literature.

From 1996 to 2000, Shields was the main character in the sitcom _Suddenly Susan_.

## Personal life

On April 19, 1997, Shields married Andre Agassi. She later married Chris Henchy with whom she has two daughters.

### Relationship with Michael Jackson

On July 7, 2009 Shields gave a speech at Michael Jackson's memorial service. Jackson and Shields met when she was 13. They became friends instantly. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Shields said, “There were times when he would ask me to marry him, and I would say, ‘You have me for the rest of your life, you don't need to marry me, I'm going to go on and do my own life and have my own marriage and my own kids, and you'll always have me’.”

In his 1993 interview with Oprah, Jackson said that he was dating Shields. However, in the 2009 Rolling Stone interview Shields said the last time she saw Jackson was 1990.

## Other websites

- Brooke Shields' fansite
- "Regarding Ardy": an online short film with Brooke Shields
- The "Runaway Bunny" violin concerto, by Glen Roven and narrated by Brooke Shields

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brooke Shields
- **image**: Brooke Shields (2018) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Shields in 2018
- **birth name**: Brooke Christa Shields
- **birth place**: New York City, New York City, New York, U.S.
- **education**: Princeton University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **yearsactive**: 1966–present
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
- **parents**: Francis Alexander Shields, Frank Shields
Teri Shields
- **relatives**: Francis Xavier Shields (grandfather)
Marina Torlonia di Civitella-Cesi, Marina Torlonia (grandmother)
Alessandro Torlonia, 5th Prince of Civitella-Cesi, Alessandro Torlonia (great-uncle)
Ticino (river)

The **Ticino river** is a river that originates in the Alps, near Nufenen. It then flows through the Swiss canton of Ticino and northern Italy. It flows into the Po River, near Pavia. It is 270 km long. It gave its name to the canton. In Switzerland, it is dammed to make electricity. In Italy, it is mainly used for irrigation. The river flows through Lago Maggiore.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Ticino
- **image**: Pavia Ponte Coperto.JPG
- **image caption**: The river Ticino and the Old Bridge of Pavia
(medieval in date)
- **source1 location**: Val Bedretto, Ticino, Switzerland
- **mouth**: Po River, River Po, south-east of Pavia, Italy
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **subdivision name1**: Switzerland, Italy
- **source1 elevation**: about
- **discharge1 avg**: at Magadino: 69 m³/s
Oaxaca

**Oaxaca** is a state in southeast Mexico. The capital is Oaxaca de Juárez. Oaxaca is next to Guerrero, Puebla, Veracruz, and Chiapas. About 3.5 million people live there. The Zapotec and the Mixtec people live in the state.  There are more speakers of indigenous languages in this state than in any other state of Mexico. This Mexican state is known for its diverse culture and its native people.

## Other websites

- Official site of the Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca
- Official site of the State Government
- Oaxaca Times
- Mexican and Central American Archaeological Projects  - Electronic articles published by the Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: State of Oaxaca
- **image flag**: Flag of Oaxaca.svg
- **flag size**: 140px
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Oaxaca.svg
- **shield size**: 80px
- **image map**: Mexico map, MX-OAX.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Mexico
- **image map1**: Map of Oaxaca.svg
- **mapsize1**: 200px
- **map caption1**: Municipalities of Oaxaca
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Capital
- **subdivision name1**: Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipalities
- **subdivision name2**: 570
- **leader title**: List of Mexican state governors, Governor
- **leader name**: Gabino Cué Monteagudo
- **leader title1**: Chamber of Deputies of Mexico, Federal Deputies
- **leader name1**: Party of the Democratic Revolution, PRD: 7
Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI: 2
Convergencia: 1
Partido del Trabajo, PT: 1
- **leader title2**: Senate of Mexico, Federal Senators
- **leader name2**: PRI: 1
Partido de la Revolución Democrática, PRD: 1
Convergencia: 1
- **area footnotes**:
 List of Mexican states by area, Ranked 5th
- **area total km2**: 93757
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 3,506,821 (List of Mexican states by population, Ranked 10th)
- **population density km2**: 37
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **blank name**: Human Development Index, HDI (2004)
- **blank info**: 0.7164 - <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span>
List of Mexican states by HDI, Ranked 31st
- **blank1 name**: ISO 3166-2
- **blank1 info**: MX-OAX
- **blank2 name**: Postal abbr.
- **blank2 info**: Oax.
- **website**: http://www.oaxaca.gob.mx
Oaxaca de Juárez

**Oaxaca de Juárez** is the capital city of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is called **La'a** in the Zapotec language. **Ñuu Nunduva** is its name in the Mixtec language. Since 1872, when Benito Juárez died there, the city is called _de Juárez_, in his honour. Currently, 258,000 people live in the city.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Oaxaca de Juárez
- **name**: Oaxaca
- **settlement type**: City & Municipality
- **total type**: City
- **imagesize**: 275px
- **image caption**: Some streets in Oaxaca
- **image seal**: Esc Municipal Oaxaca de Juarez.svg
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin mapsize**: 260
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: States of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oaxaca
- **leader title**: Municipal President
- **leader name**: Luis Julián Ugartechea Begué (National Action Party (Mexico), PAN) (2011-)
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1532
- **established title2**: Municipal Status
- **established date2**: 1879
- **area total km2**: 85.48
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population footnotes**: Municipality
- **population total**: 265,006
- **population blank1 title**: Seat
- **population blank1**: 258,008
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **coor pinpoint**: seat
- **elevation footnotes**: of seat
- **elevation m**: 1555
- **postal code type**: Postal code (of seat)
- **postal code**: 68000
- **area code**: 951
- **blank1 name**: Demonym
- **website**: [http://www.municipiodeoaxaca.gob.mx /Official site]
Armadillo

An **armadillo** is in the **Cingulata**, an order of New World placental mammals. The living ones have a leathery armored shell. The word _armadillo_ is Spanish for "little armored one".

There are about 10 living genera and about 20 species of armadillo. Their average length is about 75 centimeters (30 in), including the tail. The giant armadillo grows up to 100 cm (39 in) and weigh 30 kg (66lbs). All species live in the Americas. Most of the 20 species are found in open areas, such as grasslands, but some also live in forests.

Armadillos species are mostly found in South and Central America, especially around Paraguay. Many species are endangered.

## Embryology

The nine-banded armadillo has an unusual reproductive system, in which genetically identical quadruplets are born in each litter.

Because they are always genetically identical clones, the group of four young is a good subject for scientific, behavioural or medical tests. They provide the same biological and genetic makeup, and then get different treatment. This is the only regular case of 'polyembryony' in the class Mammalia, where one fertilised egg splits into four embryos. It only happens in the genus ***Dasypus***, and not in all armadillos. Other animals which have this reproductive method are parasitoid wasps, certain flatworms and various aquatic invertebrates.

## Classification

**Order CINGULATA**
- †Family **Pampatheriidae**: giant armadillos
- †Family **Glyptodontidae**: glyptodonts
- Family **Dasypodidae**: armadillos
    - Subfamily Dasypodinae
    - Subfamily Tolypeutinae
† indicates extinct taxon
Niacin

**Niacin** is a vitamin. It is also known by the name **nicotinic acid**. It is **Vitamin B<sub>3</sub>**. It can be dissolved in water.  It plays a very important role in the metabolism of living cells.

Other functions of niacin include removing toxic chemicals from the body, and helping with the production of steroid hormones made by the adrenal gland. These hormones include sex hormones and stress-related ones.

## History

Niacin was first discovered from the oxidation of nicotine to form nicotinic acid. When the properties of nicotinic acid were discovered, it was thought prudent to choose a name to dissociate it from nicotine, in order to avoid the perception that vitamins or niacin-rich food contain nicotine. The resulting name 'niacin' was made from **ni**cotinic **ac**id + vitam**in**.

Niacin is also referred to as Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> because it was the third of the B vitamins to be discovered. It has historically been referred to as "vitamin PP". That name was derived from the term "pellagra-preventing factor", because the disease pellagra is due to a deficiency of niacin in the diet.

## How much Niacin is needed

The recommended daily allowance of niacin is 2–12 mg a day for children, 14 mg a day for women, 16 mg a day for men, and 18 mg a day for pregnant or breast-feeding women.

Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra. A mild deficiency will slow down the metabolism, causing decreased tolerance to cold.

Dietary niacin deficiency tends to occur only in areas where people eat corn (maize), the only grain low in niacin, as a staple food, _and_ that do not use lime during meal/flour production.  Alkali lime releases the tryptophan from the corn in a process called nixtamalization so that it can be absorbed in the intestine, and converted to niacin.

## Foods containing Niacin

|Animal products:||Fruits and vegetables:||Seeds:||Fungi:||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|width="25%"|* liver, heart and kidney * chicken * beef * fish: tuna, salmon * milk * eggs|width="25%"|* leaf vegetables * broccoli * tomatoes * carrots * dates * sweet potatoes * asparagus * avocados|width="25%"|* nuts * whole grain products * legumes * saltbush seeds|width="25%"|* mushrooms * brewer's yeast|
Octagon

An **octagon** or **8-gon** is a polygon that has exactly 8 sides.

## Regular octagon

All sides of a **regular octagon** are the same length. Each corner is 135°. All corners added together equal 1080°.

### Area

The amount of space a regular octagon takes up is

_a_ is the length of one of its sides.

Another way to write it is

## Related pages

- Different types of polygons
- Hexagon
- Pentagon
- Square or quadrilateral
- Triangle
Registration

**Registration** is a method of officially recording something. Usually something is registered to claim more rights, or to protect ownership, or because the law says it must be registered to be used legally.

A register was a large book. It was used like a diary to record business dealings or other events.

## Reasons for registration

**Births, deaths**, and **marriages** are registered to prove the date the event happened. In the United Kingdom these records are kept by the local registrar, who is in charge of the Register office.

**Motor vehicles** are registered to prove who owns the vehicle and to identify them. Those that not registered cannot be driven on roads. Aircraft not registered cannot be flown. Proof that a vehicle is registered is the vehicle registration plate. Vehicles must also be registered before they can be insured in case of an accident or theft.

**Books** might be registered to show the date when copyright protection starts. Usually this is done by sending a copy of the book to a special national library.

People who stay in a hotel register their names and addresses when they arrive. The hotel can work out how much the people must pay for their stay. The local police may also keep a copy of these names to help fight crime.

## Related pages

- Registered nurse
- Registered user
- Voter registration
Eschweiler

**Eschweiler** is a German town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is next to the river Inde, near the German-Belgian-Dutch frontier, and about  east of Aachen and  west of Cologne. It has about 55,000 inhabitants. Its area has about .

In Eschweiler, there are many castles. Eschweiler is a big carnival town. There are also many sport places. These include two public swimming pools, a golf place and an artificial lake. A well-known school in Eschweiler is the _Bischöfliche Liebfrauenschule_ with its over 100 years of tradition.

Eschweiler is on the railway line from Aachen to Cologne. The Eschweiler Central railway station was opened in 1841. Next to Eschweiler, there is a village called _Bergrath_.  In 2010, a new shopping center with a _MediaMarkt_-store opened next to the motorway.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Eschweiler
- **image photo**: Eschweiler Indestraße.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Indestraße in Eschweiler
- **image flag**: Flagge Eschweiler.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Eschweiler COA.svg
- **image plan**: Eschweiler in AC.svg
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **region**: Cologne
- **district**: Aachen
- **elevation**: 110 - 262
- **area**: 76.559
- **population**: 55171
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 52249
- **area code**: 02403
- **licence**: AC, MON
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05334012
- **divisions**: 22
- **mayor**: Rudi Bertram
- **party**: SPD