juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Umoja Prize for Contemporary Tanzanian Artist

**Umoja Prize for Contemporary Tanzanian Artist** (UPCTA) is a competition, exhibition and award held each year for visual arts in Tanzania. It is one of the most important art awards in Tanzania. First offered in 2007 by the Umoja Foundation for the Arts. Umoja Foundation has sponsored the event since 2007 so it is often known as the Umoja Prize. It rewards Tanzanian artists under 40 in contemporary art.

The competition is open to all artists under 40, it features artists from all over Tanzania. Its goal is to show the best indigenous art in the country. The works can be in any media, including paintings (on bark, canvas and paper), prints, sculpture, textiles, weaving, ceramics, glass, photography, digital media and video.

The first prize of Tsh 3,000 000 is awarded to the work considered the best in the show. Smaller prizes of Tsh 1,000 000 each are awarded in four categories.

## List of winners

|Year|Winner|Region|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2007|Mussa Owiyo|Arusha|
|2008|Anna Maliki|Dodoma|
|2009|Mwahangila Baraka|Mbeya|
|2010|Issack Shayo|Moshi|
|2011|Ally Salum|Zanzibar|
|2012|Yohanna Mwenda|Dar es salaam|
|2013|Zainab Said|Zanzibar|
|2014|Adam Aloyce|Mtwara|
|2015|Sam Ntiro|Moshi|
|2016|Thobias Minzi|Mwanza|
|2017|Mwandale Mwanyekwa|Dar es salaam|
|2018|Hamza Khalfani|Zanzibar|
|2019|Adamson John|Arusha|
|2020|Simon Rieber|Dar es salaam|
|2021|Mary Chrisopher|Arusha|
André 3000

**André Benjamin** (born May 27, 1975), also known by his stage name **André 3000**, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor. He grew up in Atlanta. He was a member of the hip hop duo Outkast with fellow rapper Big Boi. Together they won seven Grammys. Their singles "Ms. Jackson", "Hey Ya!" and "The Way You Move", have reached the top of the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

André 3000 has released an extended play titled _Look Ma No Hands_ (2018)

### Grammy Awards

|style="width:4%;"|Year|style="width:45%;"|Nominated work|style="width:36%;"|Category|style="width:10%;"|Result|width=5%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1999|rowspan="1"|"Rosa Parks"|rowspan="2"|Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group||align="center" rowspan="23"||||
|rowspan="5"|2002|rowspan="3"|"Ms. Jackson"|||||||
|Record of the Year||||||||||
|Best Short-Form Music Video||||||||||
|rowspan="2"|_Stankonia_|Album of the Year||||||||
|Best Rap Album||||||||||
|2003|"The Whole World" <small>(with Killer Mike)</small>|Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group||||||||
|rowspan="6"|2004|rowspan="3"|"Hey Ya!"|Record of the Year||||||
|Best Urban/Alternative Performance||||||||||
|Best Short-Form Music Video||||||||||
|OutKast|Producer of the Year, Non-Classical|||||||||
|rowspan="2"|_Speakerboxxx/The Love Below_|Best Rap Album||||||||
|rowspan="2"|Album of the Year|||||||||
|2006|_Love. Angel. Music. Baby._ <small>(as producer)</small>|||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2007|"Idlewild Blue (Don't Chu Worry 'Bout Me)"|Best Urban/Alternative Performance|||||||
|"Mighty 'O'"|rowspan="3"|Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group||||||||
|2008|"International Player's Anthem (I Choose You)" <small>(with UGK)</small>|||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2009|"Royal Flush" <small>(with Big Boi & Raekwon)</small>||||||||
|"Green Light" <small>(with John Legend)</small>|rowspan="2"|Best Rap/Sung Collaboration||||||||
|2012|"Party" <small>(with Beyoncé)</small>|||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2013|"I Do" <small>(with Young Jeezy, Drake & Jay-Z)</small>|Best Rap Performance|||||||
|_Channel Orange_ <small>(as featured artist)</small>|Album of the Year|||||||||
|2020|"Come Home" <small>(with Anderson .Paak)</small>|Best R&B Performance||||||||

## Infobox (musician)

- **name**: André 3000
- **image**: 2014227233523 2014-08-15 Rock'n'Heim - Sven - 1D X - 328 - DV3P8951 mod (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: André 3000 performing in 2014
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
- **years active**: 1992–present
Swimming at the 1922 Women's Olympiad – 100 metre backstroke

The **100 m backstroke event** at the 1922 Women's Olympiad was held on 22 April 1922. The venue of the competition was the Port Hercules, the harbour of Monte Carlo, Monaco.

### Heats

The winner of each heat and the fastest number two continued to the final. The Dutch Truus Klapwijk won the third heat ahead of the French ladies Brinter and Porter.

|Heat|Rank|Name|Nationality|Time|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|1|Alice Harlfinger||1:47.2|**Q** **French record**|
|1|2|Gilberte Mortier||2:04.2||
|2|1|Alice Stoffel||1:54|**Q**|
|2|2|Lucienne Rouet||1:56.8||
|3|1|Doris Hart||1:43.6|**Q**|
|3|2|Truus Klapwijk||1:46.6|**q**|
|3||Brister||||
|3||Suzanne Porte||||

### Final

The Dutch Truus Klapwijk won the race in a time of 1:43. This time was listed as a new French record. British Doris Hart finished second, 0.6 seconds behind Klapwijk and the French Alice Harlfinger finished third.

|Rank|Name|Nationality|Time|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Truus Klapwijk||1:43.2|**French Record**|
||Doris Hart||1:43.6 or 1:43.4||
||Alice Harlfinger||1:44.4||
|4|Alice Stoffel||||

Sources:

## Infobox (sports competition event)

- **event**: 100 m backstroke
- **image**: Mej. Klapwijk (links), die de overwinning bij het schoonspringen, 1922.jpg
- **caption**: Gold medal winner Klapwijk (left)
- **competition**: 1922 Women's Olympiad
- **venue**: Port Hercules
- **location**: Monte Carlo, Monaco
- **dates**: 22 April
- **win value**: 1:43
- **gold**: Truus Klapwijk
- **silver**: Doris Hart (swimmer), Doris Hart
- **bronze**: Alice Harlfinger
- **gold nation**: NED
- **silver nation**: GBR
- **bronze nation**: FRA
Taka

**Taka** may refer to:

- **Bangladeshi taka**, the currency of Bangladesh.
- , Japanese-American actress
- Scar (The Lion King), known as "Taka" in the Disney Lion King Backstory
Zion & Lennox

**Zion and Lennox** is a reggaeton duo formed in 2001. It is made up of Felix Gerardo Ortiz "Zion" and Gabriel Enrique Pizarro "Lennox", both from Carolina, Puerto Rico.

Throughout their music career, they have received nominations for various awards such as Billboard Latin Music Awards, Latin American Music Awards, ASCAP, among others, and won in the "Best Artist" category.

On November 13, 2024, the duo Zion & Lennox announced their separation, after two decades of collaboration.
Bisexual flag

The **bisexual flag** is a pride flag representing bisexuality, bisexual people, and the bisexual community. The pink stripe represents homosexuality. The blue stripe represents heterosexuality. The purple stripe is the "overlap" of the two colors. This stripe represents attraction regardless of sex or gender.

The flag was designed by Michael Page in 1998 to raise awareness of bisexuals in the world and in the LGBT community. He wanted to give the bisexual community a symbol like the rainbow flag was for the LGBT community. The first bisexual pride flag was shown at the BiCafe's first anniversary party on December 5, 1998.

## Design and colors

Page said that he took the colors and overlap from the biangles (also known as the bisexuality triangles). The biangles were designed by artist Liz Nania for the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in 1987. The design of the biangles began with the pink triangle, a Nazi concentration camp badge that later became a symbol of gay liberation representing homosexuality. The addition of a blue triangle contrasts the pink and represents heterosexuality. The two triangles overlap and form lavender.

Page described the meaning of the pink, purple, and blue colors:

The flag is used in different aspect ratios. 2:3 and 3:5 are often used, which is common between flags.

The exact colors given by Page are PMS 226 for the pink, 258 for the purple, and 286 for the blue. The pink stripe takes up two fifths of the flag. The purple stripe takes up the middle fifth. The blue stripe takes up the other two fifths. The flag has been most commonly made with the pink stripe at the top, but both ways are acceptable. The flag is not patented, trademarked, or service marked.

## References

<references responsive="1"></references>

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Bisexual flag
- **article**: the
- **image**: Bisexual Pride Flag.svg
- **use**: Symbol of the bisexual community
- **proportion**: 3:5
- **adoption**: 1998
- **design**: Three solid horizontal bars: two fifths pink, one fifth purple, and two fifths blue.
- **designer**: Michael Page
Pansexual flag

The **pansexual flag** is a bright pink, yellow and cyan flag. It was made as a symbol for the pansexual community to increase its visibility and recognition.

## History and use

The flag has been in wide use since the early 2010s when it was posted on an anonymous Tumblr account, by its creator Jasper V. The flag is used as a symbol of the pansexual community, just like the rainbow flag is used for the LGBT community. The pansexual pride flag is used to show that pansexuals have sexual attractions and relationships with people of different genders and sexualities.

## Design and symbolism

The pansexual flag consists of three equally-sized colored horizontal bars. They are magenta on top, yellow in the middle, and cyan on the bottom.

Some sources say that the cyan represents attraction to men. But others say it represents people who are attracted to men. Magenta represents attraction to women. Yellow represents attraction to non-binary people such as those who are agender, bigender and genderfluid. Other sources say that the colours cyan, magenta, and yellow stand for those who identify as men, women and non-binary people, respectively.

## Related pages

- Rainbow flag (LGBT)
- Bisexual flag
- Transgender flag

## References

<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Pansexual flag
- **article**: the
- **image**: Pansexuality Pride Flag.svg
- **use**: Symbol of pansexuality to distinguish it from bisexuality
- **proportion**: 3:5
- **adoption**: 2010
- **design**: Three equally-sized horizontal bars: magenta, yellow, cyan
- **designer**: Jasper V.
Ramesh Ponnuru

**Ramesh Ponnuru** is an American conservative journalist and political commentator. He works as an editor for _National Review_. He also writes about politics for Bloomberg News and writes for Yuval Levin’s magazine _National Affairs_. In 2015, Politico said that Ponnuru was one of their top 50 people in the politics of the United States of America.

## Early life

Ramesh Ponnuru was born in 1974 in Kansas. His father was Hindu. His mother was Lutheran. Ponnuru graduated high school in 1990 when he was 16 years old. He studied history at Princeton University where he graduated _summa cum laude_ in 1995 when he was 21 years old. Ponnuru wrote a thesis on abortion in the 19th century United States. Ponnuru converted to Roman Catholicism. He married a woman named April.

## Journalism

In 1999, Ponnuru, at the time 25 years old, started to work as a journalist for _National Review_.  He was known for writing about constitutionalism and fiscal policy. In 2006, Ponnuru wrote a book called _The Party of Death_ criticizing the Democratic Party of the United States for being pro-choice. In the same book, Ponnuru argued against euthanasia being legal.  In 2014, Ponnuru and Yuval Levin wrote a book called _Room to Grow_ about the future of American conservatism.

## Opinions

Ponnuru is pro-life, opposes euthanasia, opposes capital punishment, and supports smaller government.  In 2016, Ponnuru started supporting the conservative Never Trump Movement. In 2019, Ponnuru wrote an article for _National Review_ arguing that Ben Shapiro was wrong to oppose impeaching Donald Trump. In 2020, Ponnuru wrote an article for _National Review_ saying that conservatives who didn’t vote for Donald Trump in 2016 shouldn't support him in 2020 either.
John Derbyshire

**John Derbyshire** also known as Derb is an American libertarian paleoconservative or paleolibertarian.

## Works

He worked as a journalist for National Review. He was fired by Rich Lowry after Derbyshire wrote an article for Taki’s Magazine called “The Talk: Non-Black Version” in which Derbyshire said that parents should teach their children to avoid black people. Since then Derbyshire started writing for Peter Brimelow’s website VDARE and is now a friend of Jared Taylor.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Derbyshire
- **image**: JohnDerbyshire1.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: Derbyshire in June 2001
- **birth place**: Northampton, Northamptonshire, England, United Kingdom
- **citizenship**: United States
- **occupation**: Computer programmer, journalist, political commentator
- **alma mater**: University College London,
 University of London
- **website**: [http://JohnDerbyshire.com/ JohnDerbyshire.com]
Paleolibertarianism

**Paleolibertarianism** is a political ideology designed by Murray Rothbard and Llewelyn Rockwell that brings together paleoconservatism and libertarianism. It has since evolved into a large political movement within the Libertarian Party that has become the basis for the Mises Caucus.

Rothbard used paleolibertarianism to justify supporting the David Duke when he ran for Governor of Louisiana in the 1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Paleolibertarianism
- **ideology**: Paleoconservatism
Libertarianism
- **country**: United States
- **founder**: Murray Rothbard
Llewelyn Rockwell
Lew Rockwell

**Llewelyn Rockwell** is an American anarcho-capitalist and friend of Murray Rothbard. He supported the Black Panther Party and co-created paleolibertarianism with Rothbard.

## Works

In the 1990s, Rockwell worked as the editor of Ron Paul’s newsletters. This became a controversy when it turned out that they said things like “No doubt the blacks would have privatized the welfare state through continued looting but they were paid off and the violence subsided” and other similar statements. In 2011, Rockwell worked as Paul’s chief of staff. Rockwell is known for opposing American military intervention.
Morona-Santiago tree frog

The **Morona-Santiago tree frog** (_Hyloscirtus pacha_) is a frog. It lives on the east site of the Cordillera Oriental in Ecuador. Scientists have seen it between 2225 and 2350 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 59.49-60.94 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 65.28-68.37 mm long.  The skin on the frog's back is dark brown in color with orange spots.  The orange spots shine like metal.  The fingers and toes and insides of the legs are brown with white lines.  The iris of the eye is olive brown in color.

Scientists have only seen this frog near streams.  They do not know if it can live in other places.  This frog is awake at night.

Scientists named this frog after Patricia "Pacha" A. Burrowes. "Pacha" is her nickname.  Burrowes worked with the scientists in the forest.
Rich Lowry

**Richard Lowry** (; born 1968) is an American journalist and political commentator. He is the editor in chief of National Review.

## Life

Lowry was born in 1968. After graduating high school, he started working as an assistant for Charles Krauthaumer.   In 1992, Lowry started working for William F. Buckley Jr. at National Review. In 1997, he became editor. Lowry has praised Ron DeSantis for how he handled Covid.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rich Lowry
- **image**: Rich Lowry CPAC 2014 1 Portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Lowry in 2014
- **birth place**: Arlington County, Virginia, Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.
- **education**: University of Virginia
- **occupation**: Editor-in-chief, syndicated columnist
- **known for**: _National Review_
Charles Vanhoutte

**Charles Vanhoutte** (22 November 1929 – 20 October 2022) was a French-born Belgian cyclo-cross cyclist. He also helped organizing cyclo cross races and founded a cycling team. He was a professional cyclist between 1954 and 1969.

## Biography

Vanhoutte won many prizes with cyclo-cross races. One of his earliest main prizes was the bronze medal at the 1954 Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships behind Frans Feremans and Roger De Clercq. He was specialized on sand surface. Despite his long list of achievements, Vanhoutte was never world championships. After his cycling career, he stayed involved with the sport. He helped organize main cyclo-cross races in Belgium, making it a bigger sport in Belgium. He also started a cycling team. He coached Norbert Dedecker.  He also had his own cycling store. Until he 2021 he watched cyclo-cross races. Vanhoutte died on 20 October 2022, aged 92.

## Achievements

- 1954
- Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships

- 1955
- 2nd in Sint-Denijs-Helkijn
- 2nd in Oostende

- 1956
- 2nd in Munkzwalm
- 3rd in Gavere
- 3rd in Oude Bareel

- 1957
- 2nd in Oostakker

- 1958
- 1st in Stene

- 1959
- 1st in Bornem
- 1st in Deftinge
- 3rd in Hamme
- 3rd in Vichte
- 2nd in Gistel
- 1st in Gavere
- 2nd in Anzegem
- 3rd in Tiegem
- 2nd in Wannegem-Lede
- 3rd in Ledegem
- 2nd in Moorslede
- 2nd in Sint-Maria-Lierde
- 2nd in Elst (BEL)

- 1960
- 2nd in Onkerzele
- 3rd in Knesselare
- 3rd in Deerlijk
- 3rd in Sint-Maria-Latem
- 2nd in Eine
- 3rd in Sint-Katelijne-Waver
- 1st in Nederename
- 1st in Deftinge
- 2nd in Vichte
- 1st in Gistel
- 3rd in Anzegem
- 2nd in Oostakker

- 1961
- 2nd in Gistel

- 1962
- 5th in Tielt

- 1963
- 2nd in Gistel
- 1st in Noordzeecross

- 1964
- 2nd in Hooglede
- 2nd in Assenede

- 1967
- 1st in Gistel

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Charles Vanhoutte
- **birth place**: Vieux-Mareuil, France
- **discipline**: cyclo-cross
Pride flag

A **pride flag** is any flag that represents a part of the LGBT community. The word _pride_ used here is talking about gay pride. The terms _LGBT flag_ and _queer flag_ are sometimes used instead of _pride flag_.

The rainbow flag is the most widely used LGBT flag and LGBT symbol in general. There are versions of the rainbow flag that are used to focus on specific groups in the community. There are also some pride flags that are not just related to LGBT, such as the polyamory flag.

## Gallery

These flags represent several sexual orientations, romantic orientations, gender identities, subcultures, and regional purposes, as well as the LGBT community as a whole.
Charles Murray

**Charles Alan Murray** (; born January 8, 1943) is an American political scientist. He is the W.H. Brady Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank in Washington, DC.

Many people do not agree with Murray's work. His book _Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980_ (1984) talks about the American welfare system. In the book _The Bell Curve_ (1994), he and co-author Richard Herrnstein say that in 20th century American society, intelligence is more likely to predict the outcome of an issues than parental socioeconomic status or education level. These issues include income, job performance, pregnancy out of wedlock, and crime. They say that social welfare programs and education efforts to improve social outcomes for the disadvantaged are not useful. _The Bell Curve_ also claims that average intelligence quotient (IQ) differences between racial and ethnic groups are partly genetic in origin. This view is now considered to be not true by mainstream science.

## Infobox (academic)

- **non-academic**: yes
- **name**: Charles Murray
- **image**: Charles Murray Speaking at FreedomFest.jpeg
- **birth name**: Charles Alan Murray
- **birth place**: Newton, Iowa, U.S.
- **children**: 4
- **awards**: Irving Kristol Award (2009)
Kistler Prize (2011)
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Master of Arts, MA, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **thesis title**: Investment and Tithing in Thai Villages: A Behavioral Study of Rural Modernization
- **thesis url**: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85708
- **thesis year**: 1974
- **school tradition**: Right-libertarianism
- **doctoral advisor**: Lucian Pye
- **discipline**: Political science
- **workplaces**: American Institutes for Research
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
American Enterprise Institute
- **main interests**: Race and intelligence
Social welfare policy
- **notable works**: _Losing Ground (book), Losing Ground_ (1984)
_The Bell Curve_ (1994)
_Coming Apart (book), Coming Apart_ (2012)
Yuval Levin

**Yuval Levin** is an Israeli American journalist and conservative political commentator who is the editor of National Affairs.

## Early life and education

Yuval Levin was born in Haifa in 1977. In 1985, he and his family moved to the United States of America. He studied political science at American University and got his Phd at the University of Chicago.

## Books

- The Tyranny of Reason (2001)
- Imagining the Future (2008)
- Room to Grow (with Ramesh Ponnuru) (2014)
- The Great Debate: Edmund Burke, Thomas Paine and the birth of Right and Left (2014)
- The Fractured Republic (2016)
- A Time to Build (2020)
A Matter of Loaf and Death

***Wallace & Gromit: A Matter of Loaf and Death*** is a 2008 British stop-motion short film. It is a _Wallace and Gromit_ movie. The movie is a murder mystery. It was nominated for an Academy Award. It did not win the award.

## Plot

Twelve bakers, including Bob, are  murdered by a serial killer.   Wallace and Gromit save Piella Bakewell and her poodle,  Fluffles,  when the brakes on their bicycle fail,  and they fall.   Gromit finds out there is no problem with their brakes, but she and Wallace are smitten.  They and Piella perform a whirldwind romance.  But Gromit is angered when Piella redecorates  the house.   After Piella tricks Wallace into her thinking after she bit her own arm,  Gromit is muzzled and chained up and he has do dishwashing as a punishment.  He watches helplessly as Piella tries to push Wallace to his demise into  the grinder, but he is saved when Piella is struck by a swinging bag of flour, thrown by Fluffles. After she makes an angry outburst that she hates bakers and nearly exposes her true nature, Piella leaves but later drops by the next day to apologize with a cake.

Gromit and Fluffles arrive to the house as Wallace lights the candle.  After Gromit and Wallace's struggle,  the cake falls,  revealing to be the bomb. They are attacked by Piella, who reveals that she detests bakers.  In the chaos,  the bomb ends in Wallace's pants;  Gromit and Fluffles neutralize the explosion by filling the pants with dough while Piella jumps onto a  hot air balloon and escapes, vowing to continue her assault against Wallace.  However,  her weight drags the balloon to a zoo and she ends up being eaten by a crocodile.

## Main characters

- Wallace and Gromit, the main characters of the short.
- Piella Bakewell, who is later the villain of the short who is revealed to be a serial killer. She owns a poodle named Fluffles.
- Fluffles, Piella Bakewell's poodle who is later a love-interest to Gromit; Fluffles helps the latter neutralize an explosion caused by Piella, filling Wallace's pants with dough when the bomb ends in his pants.
- The Crocodile is a Nile crocodile from the zoo who devoured Piella Bakewell when her weight dragged the hot air balloon that she jumped onto.
Olav V of Norway

**Olav V** (; born **Prince Alexander of Denmark**; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991.

Olav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales. He became heir apparent to the Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Olav V
- **succession**: King of Norway
- **image**: Olav V of Norway.jpg
- **caption**: King Olav in 1957
- **reign**: 21 September 1957 –
- **coronation**: 22 June 1958
- **cor-type**: Benediction
- **full name**: Olav, né Alexander Edward Christian Frederik
- **predecessor**: Haakon VII
- **successor**: Harald V of Norway, Harald V
- **house**: House of Glücksburg, Glücksburg
- **father**: Haakon VII of Norway
- **mother**: Maud of Wales
- **birth name**: Prince Alexander of Denmark
- **birth place**: Appleton House, Sandringham, Norfolk, England
- **death place**: The Royal Lodge, Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway
- **date of burial**: 30 January 1991
- **place of burial**: Akershus Castle, Oslo
Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast

**Buzuluk** () is a town in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is on the Samara, Buzuluk, and Domashka Rivers. It is  northwest of Orenburg and  southeast of Samara. Population:

## History

It was founded in 1736 as the fortress of **Buzulukskaya** () by a Polish Nobleman. It was founded on the Samara River near the mouth of the Buzuluk River along Russia's southern frontier. It was later moved to its current place near the source of the Domashka River. It was granted town status in 1781.

In 1877, a railway line connecting Samara with Orenburg helped the town develop. Buzuluk was a main stop along the line. Around this time was when the town's first power station was built, as well as its first schools and libraries. It became an important rail stop for the transportation of wheat. The population almost doubled between the end of the nineteenth century and 1926.

Buzuluk was the base of the First Czechoslovak Independent Field Battalion. This battalion was a Czechoslovak army unit that fought with the Red Army during World War II when Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Germans.

The town's economy is now based on the extraction and refining of oil.

## References

<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

## Other websites

- Official website of Buzuluk
- Buzuluk Business Directory

## Infobox (russian town)

- **en name**: Buzuluk
- **ru name**: Бузулук
- **map label position**: right
- **image coa**: Buzuluk gerb.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Buzuluk (Orenburg oblast).png
- **flag caption**: flag
- **federal subject**: Orenburg Oblast
- **adm data as of**: November 2011
- **adm city jur**: City of federal subject significance, Town of Buzuluk
- **adm ctr of1**: Buzuluksky District
- **adm ctr of2**: Town of Buzuluk
- **inhabloc cat**: Town
- **mun data as of**: December 2011
- **urban okrug jur**: Buzuluk Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of1**: Buzuluk Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of2**: Buzuluksky Municipal District
- **pop 2010census**: 82904
- **pop 2010census rank**: 199th
- **established date**: 1736
- **current cat date**: 1781
- **date**: March 2012
Buzuluk (inhabited locality)

**Buzuluk** () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

- Urban localities

- Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast, a town in Orenburg Oblast

- Rural localities

- Buzuluk, Irkutsk Oblast, a settlement in Kuytunsky District of Irkutsk Oblast
- Buzuluk, Oryol Oblast, a village in Podgorodnensky Selsoviet of Maloarkhangelsky District of Oryol Oblast
Buzuluk

**Buzuluk** may refer to:

- Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast, a town in Orenburg Oblast in Russia
- Buzuluk (inhabited locality), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
- Buzuluk (Orenburg Oblast), a river in Orenburg Oblast, Russia
- Buzuluk (Volgograd Oblast), a river in Volgograd Oblast, Russia
- Bazavluk, a river in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine, also known in Russian as Buzuluk
- Buzluq, Azerbaijan, also known as Buzuluk
Eduardo Riedel

**Eduardo Corrêa Riedel** (born 5 July 1969) is a Brazilian politician and current Governor of Mato Grosso do Sul since January 1, 2023. Riedel was also the 27th Secretary of State for Infrastructure of Mato Grosso do Sul from February to April 2022 during Reinaldo Azambuja's government. He is a member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party and is from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He also served as the 20th Secretary of State for Government and Strategic Management of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2015 to 2022 under Reinaldo Azambuja.

In 2022, he ran in state elections in Mato Grosso do Sul for governor with Barbosinha for vice governor.  On October 2, 2022, he had 361,981 votes (25.16%) and went to the second round with candidate Renan Contar.

In 1994 he married Mônica Morais with whom he has two children: Marcela and Rafael.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eduardo Riedel
- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **image**: Eduardo Riedel - TVC Três Lagoas MS.png
- **office**: Governor of Mato Grosso do Sul
- **vicegovernor**: José Carlos Barbosa
- **term start**: 1 January 2023
- **succeeding**: Reinaldo Azambuja
- **office1**: 27th Mato Grosso do Sul, Secretary of State for Infrastructure of Mato Grosso do Sul
- **term start1**: 22 February 2022
- **office2**: 20th Mato Grosso do Sul, Secretary of State for Government and Strategic Management of Mato Grosso do Sul
- **term start2**: 1 January 2015
- **term end2**: 23 February 2022
- **party**: Brazilian Social Democracy Party
- **birth name**: Eduardo Corrêa Riedel
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **education**: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
A Pain That I'm Used To

"**A Pain That I'm Used To**" is a 2005 song by British band Depeche Mode and is the opening track from their 11th studio album _Playing the Angel_. It was at the top of the charts in Hungary, Poland and Spain. It went to number 15 in the United Kingdom.

## Formats and track listings

**7-inch: Picture disc / Bong36 (EU)**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Goldfrapp remix)" – 4:39
1. "Newborn (Foster Remix by Kettel)" – 5:26

**12-inch: Mute / 12Bong36 (EU)**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Jacques Lu Cont remix)" – 7:51
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Jacques Lu Cont dub)" – 8:00

**12-inch: Mute / L12Bong36 (EU)**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Bitstream Threshold mix)" – 6:07
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Bitstream Spansule mix)" – 7:21

**CD: Mute / CDBong36 (EU)**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To" – 4:11
1. "Newborn" – 5:34

**CD: Mute / LCDBong36 (EU)**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Jacques Lu Cont remix)" – 7:51
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Jacques Lu Cont dub)" – 8:00
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Goldfrapp remix)" – 4:39
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Bitstream Spansule mix)" – 7:22
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Telex remix)" – 3:28

**DVD: Mute / DVDBong36 (EU)**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (video)" – 3:49
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (exclusive behind the scenes footage)" – 3:52
1. "Newborn (Foster Remix by Kettel)" – 5:26

**Digital downloads**
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Telex club mix)" - 5.49
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Telex remix 2)" - 3.26
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Bitstream Spansule mix edit)" – 4:15
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Bitstream Threshold mix edit)" – 4:04
1. "A Pain That I'm Used To (Jacques Lu Cont remix edit)" – 4:47

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: A Pain That I'm Used To
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Depeche Mode
- **album**: Playing the Angel
- **b-side**: Newborn
- **released**: 12 December 2005
- **recorded**: January–July 2005
- **studio**: Sound Design (Santa Barbara, California)
- **genre**: * Alternative dance
* industrial rock
- **length**: * 4:11 (album version)
* 3:23 (radio edit 1)
* 3:27 (radio edit 2)
- **label**: Mute Records, Mute
- **writer**: Martin Gore
- **producer**: Ben Hillier
- **prev title**: Precious (Depeche Mode song), Precious
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Suffer Well
- **next year**: 2006
Misþyrming

**Misþyrming** are a black metal band from Reykjavík, Iceland. The band was made in June 2013. They released their first album, _Söngvar elds og óreiðu_, in February 2015. Many people liked this album. They released a second album, _Algleymi_, in 2019. The band has played at live concerts in Europe and the United States. In 2016, they were named an 'artist in residence' at the famous Roadburn Festival.

## Studio albums

- _Söngvar elds og óreiðu_ (2015)
- _Algleymi_ (2019)
- _Með hamri_ (2022)

## Current members

- **D. G.** (Dagur Gíslason) - guitar, bass, singing (2013–present)
- **G. E.** (Gústaf Evensen) - bass (2014–present)
- **T. Í.** (Tómas Ísdal) - guitar (2014–present)
- **M.** (Magnús Skúlason) - drums (2022–present)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Misþyrming
- **image**: Misþyrming Party.San Metal Open Air 2017 12.jpg
- **caption**: Misþyrming in 2017
- **origin**: Reykjavík, Iceland
- **genre**: Black metal
- **years active**: 2013–present
- **label**: Terratur Possessions, Norma Evangelium Diaboli, Fallen Empire Records, Vánagandr
Rage Against the Machine (album)

***Rage Against the Machine*** is the first album made by American metal band Rage Against the Machine. It was released on November 3, 1992 by Epic Records. The band made a demo tape with the same name before making the album. The tape has 7 of the 12 songs on the album. The album has many political lyrics in its songs.

The album's art is known for having a picture of Thích Quảng Đức, a Buddhist monk, burning himself to death. The album was released on the same day as the 1992 United States presidential election.

_Rage Against the Machine_ was a very successful album. Many critics liked its political lyrics, as well as Zack de la Rocha's singing. Many people think it is one of the best albums of the 1990s.

## Music

***Anger Is a Gift'' bonus disc** – released with the 1995 Australian CD re-release
1. "Darkness" – 3:40
1. "Year of tha Boomerang" – 4:02
1. "Freedom" (Remix) – 6:14
1. "Take the Power Back" (Live) – 6:12

**Bonus Maxi 12" from the "Limited Tour Edition" red vinyl 1993 European re-release included this second LP labeled sides C and D***

1. C1 "Freedom" (Live) – 6:13
1. C2 "Bombtrack" (From Mark Goodier's "Evening Session") – 4:08
1. C3 "Bullet in the Head" (Remix) – 5:40
1. D1 "Darkness of Greed" – 3:40
1. D2 "Bullet in the Head" (Live) – 5:44
1. D3 "Bombtrack" (Live) – 5:33

All songs from both bonuses are the versions from previously released singles and promos, except C1 which is from a different performance. No information is given on the 12" about the date nor venue.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Rage Against the Machine
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Rage Against the Machine
- **released**: November 3, 1992
- **recorded**: April–May 1992
- **genre**: * Rap metal
* funk metal
* alternative metal
* rap rock
- **length**: 52:55
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
Betsy Braddock

**Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock** is a fictional character and superheroine from Marvel Comics, appearing as a major character in the _Captain Britain_ and _X-Men_ comics. She was created by Chris Claremont and the late Herb Trimpe, and first appeared in _Captain Britain Vol._ #8 in December of 1976.

She is one of the children of Sir James Braddock, a champion of the Otherworld, another dimension who was sent to Earth by Merlyn to father a child to become Captain Britain. As her twin brother, Brian, became the superhero Captain Britain, Betsy developed telepathic powers when she reached her teenage years while in New York. She eventually joined the ranks of the X-Men under the nickname "**Psylocke**" after being rescued from Mojo and Spiral. She was his ally during several adventures and even replaced him as **Captain Britain** for a time, and is currently doing so after Brain become "Captain Avalon".

## In other media

In the _X-Men_ movies, she was portrayed by Olivia Munn in _X-Men: Apocalypse_. In the _X-Men_ animated series, she was voiced by Tasha Simms. In _Wolverine and the X-Men_, she was voiced by Grey DeLisle, who voices Daphne Blake in the _Scooby-Doo_ series, and also voiced Mandy in _The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy_, Sam Manson in _Danny Phantom_, and Catwoman in the _Arkhamverse_ and _Injustice_ series.
Doctor Strange

**Doctor Stephen Vincent Strange**, better known as **Doctor Strange** is one of the many heroes of Marvel Comics and the feature hero of his own series _Dr. Strange_ as well as a regular part of _The Defenders_. He was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Steve Ditko, and first appeared in _Strange Tales_ #110 in July of 1963.

Unlike most heroes Doctor Strange deals with universe threatening events rather than petty crimes or even world threats. He is titled the Sorcerer Supreme, a title which comes with the duty of protecting the universe against invading forces of evil from other realms.

## In other media

Dr. Strange has appeared in many animated films, cartoons, video games, and films since his comic debut. The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film _Dr. Strange_. Benedict Cumberbatch portrays Doctor Strange in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Breaking the Law

"**Breaking the Law**" is a 1980 song by British heavy metal band Judas Priest and taken from their sixth studio album _British Steel_. It is one of Judas Priest's better known songs with the guitar opening riff.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Breaking the Law
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Judas Priest
- **album**: British Steel (album), British Steel
- **b-side**: Metal Gods (Judas Priest song), Metal Gods
- **released**: 23 May 1980
- **recorded**: January–February 1980
- **studio**: Startling, Ascot, Berkshire, Ascot, England
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
- **length**: 2:35
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: * Rob Halford
* K. K. Downing
* Glenn Tipton
- **producer**: Tom Allom
- **prev title**: Living After Midnight
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: United (Judas Priest song), United
- **next year**: 1980
Pinocchio 3000

***Pinocchio 3000*** is an animated movie that was produced by CinéGroupe, AnimaKids Productions and Filmax Animation. It premiered on 9 July 2004 in Spain. Based on the story _Pinocchio: Tale of a Puppet_ by Carlo Collodi.

The movie has the voices of Sonja Ball (Pinocchio), Howard Ryshpan (Geppetto), Howie Mandel (Spencer), Whoopi Goldberg (Cyberina), Helena Evangeliou (Marlene), Malcolm McDowell (Mayor Scamboli), Matt Holland (Cab), Jack Daniel Wells (Rodo), Bobby Edner (Zack), Gabrielle Elfassy (Cynthia), Terrence Scammell (Scambocop), Ellen David (House).
Pretty Baby (Vanessa Carlton song)

"**Pretty Baby**" is a 2002 song by singer-songwriter Vanessa Carlton and is the third single from her debut studio album _Be Not Nobody_. It did not experience chart success in the United States or aboard.

## Track listings

**European CD single**
1. "Pretty Baby"
1. "Swindler"

**European enhanced CD single**
1. "Pretty Baby"
1. "Swindler"
1. "Red Ditty"
1. "Pretty Baby" (enhanced video)

**UK CD single**
1. "Pretty Baby"
1. "Twilight" (live)
1. "A Thousand Miles" (live in New York)
1. "Pretty Baby" (director's cut video)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Pretty Baby
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Vanessa Carlton
- **album**: Be Not Nobody
- **b-side**: Swindler
- **length**: * 4:08 (album version)
* 3:55 (single version)
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **writer**: Vanessa Carlton
- **producer**: Ron Fair
- **prev title**: Ordinary Day (Vanessa Carlton song), Ordinary Day
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: White Houses (Vanessa Carlton song), White Houses
- **next year**: 2004
Travis Kelce

**Travis Michael Kelce** (; born October 5, 1989) is an American professional football player for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League. He is a tight end. He played college football for the University of Cincinnati. Widely considered one of the best tight ends in NFL history, Kelce has the most 100-yard receiving games as a tight end. Kelce is a three-time Super Bowl champion, all as a player for  the Chiefs in 2020, 2023, and 2024.

## Early and personal life

He was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, the younger son of Donna and Ed Kelce.

His older brother, Jason, is a starting offensive lineman for the Philadelphia Eagles. The brothers host a podcast, _New Heights_.

From 2017 to 2022, Travis began dating Kayla Nicole.

Kelce began dating singer-songwriter Taylor Swift in 2023. They announced their engagement in August 2025.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **current team**: Kansas City Chiefs
- **position**: Tight end
- **number**: 87
- **image**: Travis Kelce in the Oval Office of the White House on June 5, 2023 - P20230605AS-0902 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Travis Kelce in the Oval Office of the White House on June 5, 2023
- **birth place**: Cleveland Heights, Ohio, United States, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **weight lbs**: 250
- **college**: University of Cincinnati
- **height in**: 5
- **draftyear**: 2013
- **draftround**: 3
- **name**: Travis Kelce
- **highlights**: * 3× Super Bowl champion
(LVIII–2024; LVII–2023; LIV–2020)
Rosy-faced lovebird

The **rosy-faced lovebird** (_Agapornis roseicollis_) is a genus of parrot. It is native to dry parts of Africa. It is often found in Angola and the Namib Desert. It is also known as the **rosy-collared** or **peach-faced lovebird**. The birds are very social animals. They are often found in small groups. They are often kept as pets. These lovebirds come in many different colors. Their plumage (feathers) is the same in both the male and females.

Lovebirds are well known for the way they sleep. They sleep side-to-side and turn their face in towards each other. Females tear raw materials into long strips, "twisty-tie" them into their backs, and fly back to make a nest.

## Taxonomy

The birds were first described by the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1818. It was named _Psittacus roseicollis_ at first. It was later moved to the genus _Agapornis_ with the other lovebirds.
Palouse

The **Palouse** is a geographic region of the northwestern United States, going through parts of Idaho, southeastern Washington, and, by some definitions, parts of northeast Oregon.

## Infobox (landform)

- **name**: Palouse
- **photo**: Palouse hills northeast of Walla Walla.jpg
- **photo width**: 250px
- **photo caption**: Palouse hills northeast of Walla Walla, Washington, Walla Walla
- **map**: USA
- **map width**: 280px
- **map caption**: Location in the United States
- **map relief**: yes
Red Hulk

The **Red Hulk** is a name used by some comic book characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. While the first two are soldiers, the third one is a form of Hulk's Joe Fixit personality. The most well-known versions of the character are General **Thaddeus E. "Thunderbolt" Ross**, Four-star General **Robert Maverick**, and **Red King**.

### Thunderbolt Ross

The first incarnation of Red Hulk (also known as **Rulk**) first appeared in the Hulk series that debuted in 2008. The 2010 "World War Hulks" storyline reveals that this being is United States Army General **Thunderbolt Ross**, the father-in-law and longtime nemesis of the original Hulk (Bruce Banner). The story line reveals that Ross was given the ability to transform into Red Hulk by the organizations A.I.M. and the Intelligencia and that he did this in order to better fight the original Hulk.

### Robert Maverick

The second incarnation of Red Hulk appears in the 2017 debut issue of _U.S.Avengers_. Four-star General **Robert Maverick** is selected for his genetic profile to create a being who is "halfway to a Hulk". A device called the Hulk Plug-In, created by Avengers Idea Mechanics (a legitimate technology company created from the remains of the defunct supervillain organization Advanced Idea Mechanics), is implanted in Maverick's wrist. When triggered, it turns him into a variation of Red Hulk for one hour approximately every day and a half. Unlike the original Red Hulk, Maverick retains his mustache in his Hulk form and wears his sunglasses. He joins the U.S. Avengers.

### Joe Fixit

Hulk's Joe Fixit personality later gained the ability to transform into his version of Red Hulk form when in the Below-Place.

## Powers and abilities

Red Hulk has superhuman strength, durability, and endurance, comparable to that of the Hulk. He is capable of absorbing radiation, which his body can metabolize for increased strength. Unlike the Hulk, increased anger does not make him stronger but causes him to emit increasing heat. The upper limit of this heat has not been specified. When fighting the Hulk, during Red Hulk's first story line, this heat created an aura of light around the two behemoths and melted the desert sand on which they stood into a glass disc at least dozens of feet in diameter. At this level, Red Hulk weakens and is vulnerable to being knocked unconscious by the Hulk.

## In other media

He has appeared in toys, television series, and video games. In live-action, he was portrayed by Sam Elliott in the 2003 movie _Hulk_, by William Hurt in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movies _The Incredible Hulk_ (2008), _Captain America: Civil War_ (2016), _Avengers: Infinity War_ (2018), _Avengers: Endgame_ (2019), and _Black Widow_ (2021), and by Harrison Ford in _Captain America: Brave New World_ and _Thunderbolts*_ (both 2025).
The Noel Diary

***The Noel Diary*** is an American Romantic comedy movie, based on the book _The Noel Diary_ by Richard Paul Evans. The movie directed by Charles Shyer, produced by Margret H. Huddleston, produced by Stephanie Slack, written by Richard Paul Evans, Charles Shyer, Rebecca Connor and David Golden and it starring Justin Hartley, Bonnie Bedelia, Treat Williams and James Remar played the lead roles.

## Plot

Jacob Churcher hasn't been domestic for nearly twenty a long time not since his rationally sick mother kicked him out of the house when he was fair sixteen. When a legal counselor calls, days some time recently Christmas, to illuminate him that his offended mother has passed absent and cleared out her house to him, Jacob returns not fair to settle the bequest but to undertake and accommodate with the past and the torment and mishandle he experienced as a child. Too, perhaps cleaning out her house will be somewhat less discouraging than investing the occasions alone, observing re-runs of Christmas classics. But because it turns out, the house holds more than fair troublesome recollections, Jacob's mother had gotten to be a hoarder and he must unearth through two decades worth of clutter.

## Cast

- Justin Hartley
- Bonnie Bedelia
- Treat Williams
- James Remar
    - Barrett Doss
    - Vivian Full
    - Aaron Costa Ganis
    - Essence Atkins
    - Andrea Sooch
(Full cast on IMDb https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13007592/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm)

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Noel Diary
- **director**: Charles Shyer
- **cinematography**: Ashley Rowe
- **music**: Dara Taylor
- **distributor**: Netflix
- **runtime**: 99 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
José Rizal Coliseum

**José Rizal Coliseum** also referred to as the **Calamba Coliseum** is a 10,000-capacity indoor arena . It is used as a sports venue and convention center in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines and the south of Metro Manila. The arena is named after the Philippine national hero, Jose Rizal who was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861.

## History

Construction of the coliseum began in April of 2017.

The arena is near the Calamba City Hall. It faces the Rizal Monument. The design of the building was based on a jar claypot, a symbol of the city.

## Infobox (monument)

- **monument name**: José Rizal Coliseum
- **native name**: Calamba Coliseum
- **caption**: A José Rizal Coliseum in August 2022
- **location**: The Plaza, Chipeco Avenue, Barangay Real, Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines
- **type**: Coliseum, Convention center
- **material**: Metal, concrete
- **begin**: May 2017
- **complete**: July 2023 (finished)
- **open**: August 2023 (open)
- **dedicated to**: memoriam of Dr. Jose Rizal