julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Foodscapes – a Neopragmatic Redescription
2022-09-14

This paper aims to redescribe the rapidly developing research on Foodscapes from a neopragmatic perspective. Redescriptions, in the sense of Richard Rorty, become necessary when time-honored vocabularies have become fragile. This redescription is done by means of a double approach, on the one hand with direct reference to philosophical neopragmatism as represented by Richard Rorty, on the other hand to the theory of Three Landscapes derived from Karl Popper’s Three Worlds Theory, in order to give redescription a structure by means of which theories of medium scope can be placed in the meta-theoretical perspective of the neopragmatic approach of ‘horizontal geographies’. In derivation of Popper’s theory, Landscape 3 is understood as that part of the World 3 that relates to interpretations, categorizations, and valuations of World as Landscape. Landscape 2 accordingly encompasses the individual aspects of consciousness perceiving Landscape. Landscape 1 is understood as that part of the tangible World 1 that is synthesized into Landscape from the perspective of Landscape 2 and 3. Foodscapes 1, 2, and 3 are understood to be those respective parts of the relative landscape that are associated with the production, distribution, and consumption of food. In this respect, it hardly seems possible to adequately examine Foodscapes, in their complexity, on the basis of a single theoretical perspective. A metatheoretical perspective, for dealing with this challenge, is offered by neopragmatism, which provides hints on the triangulation of theories, methods, modes of constructing ‘scapes’, researchers, data, and last, but not least, forms of representation. The proposal of a neopragmatic re-description of Foodscapes presented here starts from epistemological questions of contingent interpretations of the world, from which an ontological engagement with different levels of Foodscapes is derived, which is operationalized methodologically.
Psychologien der Menschenführung
2022-09-30

Psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy have influenced modern societies far beyond the clinical sphere. Their effect has been particularly evident in practices of (self)leadership and governance in domains such as labour, politics, and education since the 1960s. Previous research has often interpreted this in terms of a “neoliberal governmentality.” This essay challenges this assumption by looking comparatively and through the history of entanglements at liberal Western European and illiberal, state-socialist Eastern European regimes, thus providing a new perspective on the contemporary history of governmentality and the psychologization of leadership.
0νββ decay to the first 2+ state with a two-nucleon mechanism for a L−R symmetric model
2023-01-17

We develop the formalism for calculating the decay rate of neutrinoless double decay to the excited states within the L-R symmetric model. We consider the effects from induced hadronic currents up to next to leading order. The quasiparticle random phase approximation method in a spherical basis is adopted for the nuclear many-body calculation and the corresponding nuclear matrix elements are given. Also, the phase space factors are obtained with numerical electron wave functions. Our results suggest that the nuclear matrix elements are nucleus dependent and they are generally smaller than that of the decay to the ground states. And finally, we give a naive analysis of how current experiment data constrains the L-R symmetric model.
Automated shape-independent assessment of the spatial distribution of proton density fat fraction in vertebral bone marrow
2023-01-31

This work proposes a method for automatic standardized assessment of bone marrow volume and spatial distribution of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in vertebral bodies. Intra- and interindividual variability in size and shape of vertebral bodies is a challenge for comparable interindividual evaluation and monitoring of changes in the composition and distribution of bone marrow due to aging and/or intervention. Based on deep learning image segmentation, bone marrow PDFF of single vertebral bodies is mapped to a cylindrical template and corrected for the inclination with respect to the horizontal plane. The proposed technique was applied and tested in a cohort of 60 healthy (30 males, 30 females) individuals. Obtained bone marrow volumes and mean PDFF values are comparable to former manual and (semi-)automatic approaches. Moreover, the proposed method allows shape-independent characterization of the spatial PDFF distribution inside vertebral bodies.
Using (1+1)D quantum cellular automata for exploring collective effects in large-scale quantum neural networks
2023-02-22

Central to the field of quantum machine learning is the design of quantum perceptrons and neural network architectures. A key question in this regard is the impact of quantum effects on the way such models process information. Here, we establish a connection between (1+1)D quantum cellular automata, which implement a discrete nonequilibrium quantum many-body dynamics through successive applications of local quantum gates, and quantum neural networks (QNNs), which process information by feeding it through perceptrons interconnecting adjacent layers. Exploiting this link, we construct a class of QNNs that are highly structured-aiding both interpretability and helping to avoid trainability issues in machine learning tasks-yet can be connected rigorously to continuous-time Lindblad dynamics. We further analyze the universal properties of an example case, identifying a change of critical behavior when quantum effects are varied, showing their potential impact on the collective dynamical behavior underlying information processing in large-scale QNNs.
ChatGPT – a revolution for teaching and learning in chemistry education?!
2023-05-12

Abstract Der KI‐basierte Chatbot „ChatGTP“ zog in kürzester Zeit viel Aufmerksamkeit auf sich, da er einen leichten und unmittelbaren Zugang sowie die Nutzung einer künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) bietet. Der Chatbot löst dabei unterschiedlichste Aufgaben und gibt Antworten auf die ihm gestellten Fragen. Hierzu können dem Chatbot sehr komplexe Aufgabenstellungen auch aus dem Chemieunterricht präsentiert werden, die dieser umfangreich und (zum Teil) korrekt bearbeitet. Diese neuen Möglichkeiten stellt das Lehren und Lernen vor eine neue Situation, in der eine KI die (Haus‐)Aufgaben für Schüler:innen lösen kann. Wie weit diese Technologie auf der Basis von Large Language Models ist und welche neuen Herausforderungen dies für das Lehren und Lernen im Chemieunterricht mit sich bringen kann, wird anhand von Beispielaufgaben zu Tensiden diskutiert.
Dynamics in near-threshold J/ψ photoproduction
2023-09-13

The study of J/ψ photoproduction at low energies has consequences for the understanding of multiple aspects of nonperturbative QCD, ranging from mechanical properties of the proton to the binding inside nuclei and the existence of hidden-charm pentaquarks. Factorization of the photon-cc ̄ and nucleon dynamics or vector meson dominance are often invoked to justify these studies. Alternatively, open-charm intermediate states have been proposed as the dominant mechanism underlying J/ψ photoproduction. As the latter violates this factorization, it is important to estimate the relevance of such contributions. We analyze the latest differential and integrated photoproduction cross sections from the GlueX and J/ψ-007 experiments. We show that the data can be adequately described by a small number of partial waves, which we parametrize with generic models enforcing low-energy unitarity. The results suggest a non-negligible contribution from open-charm intermediate states. Furthermore, most of the models present an elastic scattering length incompatible with previous extractions based on vector meson dominance and thus call into question its applicability to heavy mesons. Our results indicate a wide array of physics possibilities that are compatible with present data and need to be disentangled.
Impact of the maximum ring difference on image quality and noise characteristics of a total-body PET/CT scanner
2023-10-01

Patient and phantom studies revealed that scan time could be lowered by approximately a factor of two with MRD322 while maintaining similar noise performance. The moderate degradation in spatial resolution for MRD322 is worth to exploit the full potential of the Quadra by either shorten scan times or leverage noise performance in particular for low count scenarios such as ultra-late imaging or dynamic studies with high temporal resolution.
Toward a generative modeling analysis of CLAS exclusive 2π photoproduction
2023-11-21

AI-supported algorithms, particularly generative models, have been successfully used in a variety of different contexts. This work employs a generative modeling approach to unfold detector effects specifically tailored for exclusive reactions that involve multiparticle final states. Our study demonstrates the preservation of correlations between kinematic variables in a multidimensional phase space. We perform a full closure test on two-pion photoproduction pseudodata generated with a realistic model in the kinematics of the Jefferson Lab CLAS g11 experiment. The overlap of different reaction mechanisms leading to the same final state associated with the CLAS detector’s nontrivial effects represents an ideal test case for AI-supported analysis. Uncertainty quantification performed via bootstrap provides an estimate of the systematic uncertainty associated with the procedure. The test demonstrates that GANs can reproduce highly correlated multidifferential cross sections even in the presence of detector-induced distortions in the training datasets, and provides a solid basis for applying the framework to real experimental data.
Temporal evolution of electric transport properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ Josephson junctions produced by focused-helium-ion-beam irradiation
2024-01-31

We examined the temporal evolution of Josephson and resistive barriers created by a 30-keV focused helium ion beam in microbridges of epitaxially grown single-crystal thin films. Repeated electric transport measurements at 4.2 K within 300 days after irradiation revealed an increase in the critical current density for devices stored at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. This behavior can be described by a diffusion-based model of displaced chain oxygen moving back to original lattice sites, thus healing the barrier and partially restoring critical current. We find that with time . The relaxation time increases exponentially with helium irradiation dose and can exceed several hundred days for high-quality Josephson junctions. To achieve higher diffusion rates and thus shorter relaxation times, we annealed some devices in different oxygen partial pressures, right after irradiation. Within a week, those junctions relaxed to a quasistable state, making this a feasible option to achieve temporal stability of device parameters.
A HANK2 model of monetary unions
2024-03-27

How does a monetary union alter the impact of business cycle shocks at the household level? We develop a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model of two countries (HANK2) and show in closed form that a monetary union shifts the adjustment to a shock horizontally across countries, within the brackets of the union-wide wealth distribution, rather than vertically, that is, across the brackets of the union-wide wealth distribution. Calibrating the model to the euro area reveals that a monetary union alters the impact of shocks most strongly in the tails of the wealth distribution but leaves the middle class almost unaffected.
3+1 nonlinear evolution of Ricci-coupled scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
2024-07-18

Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (sGB) gravity with an additional coupling between the scalar field and the Ricci scalar exhibits very interesting properties related to black hole stability, evasion of binary pulsar constraints, and general relativity as a late-time cosmology attractor. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a spherically symmetric collapse is well posed for a wide range of parameters. In the present paper we examine further the well-posedness through evolution of static and rotating black holes. We show that the evolution is indeed hyperbolic if the weak coupling condition is not severely violated. The loss of hyperbolicity is caused by the gravitational sector of the physical modes, thus it is not an artifact of the gauge choice. We further seek to compare the Ricci-coupled sGB theory against the standard sGB gravity with additional terms in the Gauss-Bonnet coupling. We find strong similarities in terms of well-posedness, but we also point out important differences in the stationary solutions. As a by-product, we show strong indications that stationary near-extremal scalarized black holes exist within the Ricci-coupled sGB theory, where the scalar field is sourced by the spacetime curvature rather than the black hole spin.
Generative Künstliche Intelligenz
2024-09-27

Zusammenfassung: Generative KI (Künstliche Intelligenz) hat mit der Veröffentlichung von Transformer-Modellen wie GPT enorme Entwicklungssprünge vollzogen. Dieses Positionspapier identifiziert zwei Kerneigenschaften generativer KI: die Breite der Einsatzfelder sowie die Fähigkeit, menschenähnlichen Output zu kreieren. Darauf aufbauend diskutiert dieser Beitrag mögliche Implikationen für die psychologische Forschung in drei Feldern. Erstens etabliert sich ein Forschungsfeld, welches die Eigenschaften von generativer KI aus psychologischer Sicht untersucht. Dieses Feld ist vor allem durch die Frage geprägt, inwieweit Output und Verhalten von generativer KI als „menschenähnlich“ zu betrachten sind. Zweitens kommt der Psychologie eine besondere Rolle zu, die Auswirkungen von generativer KI auf den Menschen einzuschätzen. Dies betrifft Fragen der Täuschung bei der Rezeption von Informationen, Zuschreibungen von Kompetenz und Wärme bei der menschlichen Bewertung von generativer KI, sowie die Potenziale von generativer KI, wissensbezogene Prozesse in der Interaktion mit Menschen zu fördern. Drittens schließlich wird generative KI wahrscheinlich auch den psychologischen Forschungsprozess selbst verändern. Wir diskutieren mögliche Einsatzbereiche, aber auch klare Limitationen (z. B. generative KI als vollständiges Surrogat für Versuchspersonen). In allen drei Forschungsfeldern ist der Dualismus zwischen dem Fehlen eines Verständnisses von Sprache, gekoppelt mit der verblüffenden Fähigkeit, menschenähnliche Sprache (re)‍produzieren zu können, zugleich Herausforderung und Anreiz für psychologische Forschung.
Not Quiet on the AD Front – A Multilingual, Parallel Corpus for AD Analysis and Teaching
2025-01-31

[ES] El objetivo de este volumen es ofrecer reflexiones sobre los numerosos retos y nuevos escenarios (físicos, tecnológicos y también sociales y culturales) que se les presentan a las actividades profesionales, de investigación, mediación intercultural y enseñanza-aprendizaje de la traducción y la interpretación. Las aportaciones se han agrupado en secciones que dan testimonio de áreas diversas, multidisciplinares, relativas tanto a modalidades como a instrumentos y metodologías, aplicaciones, o perspectivas teóricas e investigadoras de gran consistencia científica y calado práctico o conceptual. Así, este volumen pone a disposición de sus lectores una recopilación de trabajos relacionados con la formación, la evolución y la práctica profesional de la traducción y la interpretación en distintos ámbitos y desde diferentes enfoques.