julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Hyperoxia Reversibly Alters Oxygen Consumption and Metabolism
2012-01-01

Aim . Ventilation with pure oxygen (hyperoxic ventilation: HV) is thought to decrease whole body oxygen consumption (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>). However, the validity and impact of this phenomenon remain ambiguous; until now, under hyperoxic conditions,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>has only been determined by the reverse Fick principle, a method with inherent methodological problems. The goal of this study was to determine changes of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, carbon dioxide production (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VCO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>), and the respiratory quotient (RQ) during normoxic and hyperoxic ventilation, using a metabolic monitor. Methods . After providing signed informed consent and institutional acceptance, 14 healthy volunteers were asked to sequentially breathe room air, pure oxygen, and room air again.<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, VCO 2 , RQ, and energy expenditure (EE) were determined by indirect calorimetry using a modified metabolic monitor during HV. Results . HV reduced<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>from 3.4 (3.0/4.0) mL/kg/min to 2.8 (2.5/3.6) mL/kg/min (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>), whereas VCO 2 remained constant (3.0 [2.6/3.6] mL/kg/min versus 3.0 [2.6/3.5] mL/kg/min, n.s.). After onset of HV, RQ increased from 0.9 (0.8/0.9) to 1.1 (1.0/1.1). Most changes during HV were immediately reversed during subsequent normoxic ventilation. Conclusion . HV not only reduces<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>VO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>2</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, but also increases the respiratory quotient. This might be interpreted as an indicator of the substantial metabolic changes induced by HV. However, the impact of this phenomenon requires further study.
Und wieder ist ein Jahr vorbei – oder auch fast schon zwei…
2012-01-01

Rechtswisse nschaft is an interdisciplinary academic journal that focuses on the relations between the respective juridical fields. The journal creates an antipole to the growing specialization in academics and provides readers with an overview of the legal state of research. Thus it encourages legal discourse. Website: www.rechtswissenschaft.nomos.de
High-Pitch Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography – A New Dose Saving Algorithm: Estimation of Radiation Exposure
2012-01-24

For dose measurements, an Alderson-Rando-phantom equipped with thermoluminescent dosimeters was used. The effective dose was calculated according to ICRP 103. Exposure was performed on a second-generation dual-source scanner (SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany). Following scan parameters were used: 320mAs per rotation, 100 and 120kV, pitch 3.4 for prospectively ECG-triggered high pitch CTCA, scan range of 13.5cm, collimation 64×2 x 0.6mm with z-flying focal spot, gantry rotation time 280ms, simulated heart rate of 60 beats per minute.
Alfa, Omega. Acerca de Hoy te vi con mis ojos de Celia Romani
2012-08-01

Why should Formal Language specialists get interested and involved in the area of Grammar Induction (GI), likewise known as Grammatical Inference? This is the question we try to answer in this paper. To keep this paper short, we mostly refrain from giving technical details but rather cite according references. So, this is rather a kind of hopefully inspiring (and by no means complete!) annotated bibliography than a technical paper. However, we hope to present an inviting and inspiring panoramic view on the scene. We believe that there are indeed a number of good reasons, the most obvious being that Grammar Induction, as well as Formal Language Theory, deals with formalisms describing languages, i.e., grammars, automata, expressions, etc. This already implies a lot of interesting issues:
Can parameters off0-mesons be determined correctly analyzing onlyππscattering?
2012-12-03

The coupled processes -- the pion-pion scattering and pi pi --> K antiK in the I^GJ^{PC}=0^+0^{++} channel -- are analyzed (both separately and combined) in a model-independent approach based on analyticity and unitarity and using a uniformization procedure. It is shown: 1) a structure of the Riemann surface of the S-matrix for considered coupled processes must be allowed for calculating both amplitudes and resonance parameters, such as the mass and width; 2) the combined analysis of coupled processes is needed as the analysis of only pi-pi channel does not give correct values of resonance parameters even if the Riemann surface structure is included.
Advances in Breast Cancer – Looking Back over the Year
2012-12-19

Treatment options as well as the characteristics for therapeutic decisions in patients with primary and advanced breast cancer are increasing in number and variety. New targeted therapies in combination with established chemotherapy schemes are broadening the spectrum, yet not every new, promising combination achieves a better result. New data from the field of pharmacogenomics point to prognostic and predictive factors that take not only the properties of the tumour but also the genetic disposition of the patient into consideration. Current therapeutic decision-making is thus based on a combination of classical clinical and modern molecular biomarkers. Health-economic concerns are also being taken into consideration more frequently, meaning political decisions may also become a factor. This review presents the trends over the past year.
Modellgestützter Entwurf Cloud-basierter Cyber-physischer Systeme (CCPS) / Model-Driven Software Design of Cloud-based Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS)
2013-01-01

In diesem Beitrag werden der Entwurf und die Realisierung Cloud-basierter Cyber-physischer Systeme (CCPS) für automatisierungstechnische Aufgabenstellungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Verwendung und Bereitstellung von Services mittels Cloud Computing zur Datenspeicherung oder zur Nutzung skalierbarer Rechenleistung ist in vielerlei Hinsicht relevant. Hierzu wird eine modellgestützte Vorgehensweise vorgeschlagen, die eine parametrierbare Synthese der Systemarchitektur erlaubt. Als Anwendungsfälle werden zwei Szenarien zur kameragestützten Prozessüberwachung erörtert.
Plane wave stability of the split-step Fourier method for the nonlinear\\n Schr\\\\"odinger equation
2013-06-04

Plane wave solutions to the cubic nonlinear Schr\\\\"odinger equation on a torus\\nhave recently been shown to behave orbitally stable. Under generic\\nperturbations of the initial data that are small in a high-order Sobolev norm,\\nplane waves are stable over long times that extend to arbitrary negative powers\\nof the smallness parameter. The present paper studies the question as to\\nwhether numerical discretizations by the split-step Fourier method inherit such\\na generic long-time stability property. This can indeed be shown under a\\ncondition of linear stability and a non-resonance condition. They can both be\\nverified if the time step-size is restricted by a CFL condition in the case of\\na constant plane wave. The proof first uses a Hamiltonian reduction and\\ntransformation and then modulated Fourier expansions in time. It provides\\ndetailed insight into the structure of the numerical solution.\\n
Strong decays of molecular statesZc+andZc+′
2013-07-19

The two newly observed hidden-charm mesons Zc(+)[3900] and a possible partner\\nstate Zc'(+)[3950] with quantum numbers J(P) = 1(+) are considered as hadronic\\nmolecules composed of bar(D)D* and bar(D)* D*, respectively. We give\\npredictions for the decay widths of the strong two-body transitions Zc(+) -&gt; H\\n+ pi(+) and Zc' -&gt; H + pi(+) with H = Psi(nS), hc(mP) in a phenomenological\\nLagrangian approach.\\n
Europas liberale Chance in den Zeitbögen des 20. Jahrhunderts
2013-07-28

Europe’s liberal potential over the span of the 20th century The article presents a model for interpreting European history in the 20th century. On the one hand, it addresses the question of the “liberal chances” experienced by European states and societies from 1900 onward. On the other hand, it questions how to divide this period into epochs on the basis of identifiably different forms of liberal order. It argues that three conflicts structure the history of this century: World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. In each of these conflicts, powers with liberal state systems and economies (Great Britain, USA, and to some extent France) stood in opposition to hostile powers representing other ideologies. Initially, the “enemy” represented models of authoritarian rule with corporative economies (Germany and Austro-Hungary until 1914), then later fascist systems (Germany and Italy), and finally, post-1945, states ruled by the tenets of Bolshevism (the Soviet Union and its East/Central European satellites). In each of these conflicts, the “liberal West” emerged triumphant; with each victory, however, western liberalism itself changed. The century can be divided into three “epochs” in which the struggle to establish social order was shaped by different notions of liberalism and anti-liberalism. The history of Poland after 1945, and particularly since 1980, will be analyzed using this interpretative framework for the 20th century.
Modellgestützter Entwurf Cloud-basierter Cyber-physischer Systeme (CCPS) / Model-Driven Software Design of Cloud-based Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS)
2013-10-01

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag werden der Entwurf und die Realisierung Cloud-basierter Cyber-physischer Systeme (CCPS) für automatisierungstechnische Aufgabenstellungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Verwendung und Bereitstellung von Services mittels Cloud Computing zur Datenspeicherung oder zur Nutzung skalierbarer Rechenleistung ist in vielerlei Hinsicht relevant. Hierzu wird eine modellgestützte Vorgehensweise vorgeschlagen, die eine parametrierbare Synthese der Systemarchitektur erlaubt. Als Anwendungsfälle werden zwei Szenarien zur kameragestützten Prozessüberwachung erörtert.
Danksagung
2014-01-01

Rechtswisse nschaft is an interdisciplinary academic journal that focuses on the relations between the respective juridical fields. The journal creates an antipole to the growing specialization in academics and provides readers with an overview of the legal state of research. Thus it encourages legal discourse.
Parameters of scalar resonances from the combined analysis of data on processesππ→ππ,KK¯,ηηandJ/ψdecays
2014-02-28

A combined analysis of data on isoscalar S-wave processes\\n and on decays\\n from the DM2, Mark III and BESIII\\ncollaborations is performed to study mesons. The method of analysis is\\nbased on analyticity and unitarity and uses an uniformization procedure. In the\\nanalysis limited only to the multi-channel -scattering data, two\\npossible sets of parameters of the were found: in both cases the\\nmass was about 700 MeV but the total width was either about 600 or 930 MeV. The\\nextension of the analysis using only the DM2 and Mark III data on the \\ndecays does not allow to choose between these sets. However, the data from\\nBESIII on the di-pion mass distribution in the decay \\nclearly prefers the wider state. Spectroscopic implications from\\nresults of the analysis are also discussed.\\n
Assessment of the Hepatic Veins in Poor Contrast Conditions using Dual Energy CT: Evaluation of a Novel Monoenergetic Extrapolation Software Algorithm
2014-04-22

• The evaluated new image-based algorithm for virtual monoenergetic imaging allows calculating low virtual keV images from dual energy datasets with significantly improved contrast-to-noise ratios. • The image based novel monoenergetic extrapolation algorithm applies frequency-based mixing of the low keV images and an image of optimal keV from a noise perspective to combine the benefits of both image stacks.• When compared to traditional monoenergetic images, the novel monoenergetic algorithm has improved contrast-to-noise ratios for both low and high virtual keV images.• Contrast-enhanced dual energy images with poor contrast conditions can be significantly improved, e.g. late phase imaging of the liver.
Combined First Trimester Screening and Cell-Free Fetal DNA – “Next Generation Screening”
2014-04-24

In the last decades, prenatal screening for aneuploidy has become increasingly effective. While first trimester combined screening is considered to be the current gold standard, the use of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), which is also called noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), will result in a change of paradigm. Respective studies indicate that in screening for trisomy 21, the detection and false-positive rates are 99 % and 0.1 %, respectively. For trisomies 18 and 13, there is less evidence but recent studies report detection rates of 98 % and 86 %. Despite the excellent results in screening for trisomy 21, NIPT should not be considered as a diagnostic test. Due to the costs of NIPT, it is unlikely that NIPT will be applied in the near future in population-based screening for trisomy. In addition, the scope of the current approach in first trimester screening exceeds the screening for aneuploidy as it is possible to assess the risk for various pregnancy complications. Therefore, a combination of both NIPT and first trimester combined screening seems reasonable. Both examinations could be applied in a contingent model where the latter is offered to everyone and NIPT is restricted to women with an intermediate risk after first trimester combined screening. Such a policy would result in a detection rate of about 97 % for a false-positive rate of about 1 %. While NIPT currently focuses on screening for trisomy 21, 18, 13 and sex chromosomal abnormalities, the scope of NIPT will soon become broader. In this respect, some study groups have managed to examine the whole fetal genome within the course of the pregnancy. However, moral and ethical considerations need to be taken into account.
„vom Unbestattbaren her“
2015-01-01

One of the effects of the ‘Six-Day War’ on the German Left was a fundamental questioning of the State of Israel. Alongside the emergence of the student movement we can observe tendencies to relativise the Jewish catastophe through comparisons. The dialogue between Paul Celan and the German student Gisela Dischner reflects these developments and can provide the political context and a deeper understanding of the poetry Celan wrote between early 1967 and late 1969.
Privates Leben und öffentliche Interessen: Adlige Familie und Kindheit in Russlands langem 19. Jahrhundert
2015-01-01

The essay provides an overview of the recent scholarship on the noble family and childhood in nineteenth-century Russia. The authors focus on literature of Western and Russian origin that discusses the wider social and political implications of noble private life in imperial Russia. Although images of family intimacy and seclusion were celebrated throughout the nineteenth century, as a painting by Fedor Slavianskii exemplifies, the Russian state and public took a great interest in these seemingly private realms, as scholars have shown in the last fifteen years. This public interest was especially strong with regard to Russia’s nobility, whose privileged political and social status rendered high visibility to its members’ private life. At the same time, private life was also a prime vehicle for noble agency and influence in imperial Russia. Recent literature has aptly shown how the family shaped and strengthened the nobility’s involvement with society and state. As a substantial part of family life, childhood constitutes a culturally and socially defined space where succeeding generations, especially of the nobility, were brought up to serve the state’s well-being. Childhood and the idea of it changed in Russia as elsewhere in correspondence with political and economic transformations. For the nineteenth century, scholarship underlines its transformation from a discourse among the affluent and well-educated to a subject in society as a whole. Embracing different approaches and covering a wide range of topics, recent scholarship has shown how family and childhood functioned as central social spaces where Russia’s future was debated and shaped. This insight and future findings could stimulate broader European or even global studies on private life, the authors argue in their conclusion.
Low-NoiseYBa2Cu3O7Nano-SQUIDs for Performing Magnetization-Reversal Measurements on Magnetic Nanoparticles
2015-04-17

Magnetic nanoparticles are widely applicable in systems ranging from spintronics and data storage to biomedical imaging and cancer treatment. However, studying these particles requires ultrasensitive detectors. Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are the finest detectors of magnetic flux, but for this purpose they must be drastically miniaturized. To this end, the authors have fabricated nanosSQUIDs of exquisite sensitivity that will facilitate both basic and applied research on nanoscale spin systems.
Current Filamentation in LargeBi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δMesa Devices Observed via Luminescent and Scanning Laser Thermal Microscopy
2015-04-27

Stacked intrinsic Josephson junctions in the well studied superconductor Bi Sr CaCu O are promising as a compact source of coherent terahertz radiation, which would have applications ranging from bioimaging to security screening. Understanding localized heating in such stacks is essential to optimizing their performance, and to this end the authors directly image the complex self-heating behaviors of these devices under bias conditions typical for THz emission. For good heat removal, narrow (compared to device size) filaments of current nucleate hot spots in asymmetric locations, which is consistent with theoretical predictions and suggests a means to enhance emission power.
On cubic elliptic varieties
2015-05-27

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi colon upper X right-arrow double-struck upper P Superscript n minus 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\\pi \\colon X\\to \\mathbb {P}^{n-1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> be an elliptic fibration obtained by resolving the indeterminacy of the projection of a cubic hypersurface <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper Y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper P Superscript n plus 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\\mathbb {P}^{n+1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> from a line <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> not contained in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper Y"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Y</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. We prove that the Mordell-Weil group of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\\pi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is finite if and only if the Cox ring of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is finitely generated. We also provide a presentation of the Cox ring of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> when it is finitely generated.
Unified description ofBABARand Belle data on the bottomonia decaysϒ(mS)→ϒ(nS)π+π−
2015-08-04

We present a unified analysis of the decays of bottomonia Upsilon(mS) -&gt;\\nUpsilon(nS) pi pi (m&gt;n, m=2,3,4,5, n=1,2,3), charmonia J/psi -&gt; phi (pi pi, K\\nantiK), psi(2S) -&gt; J/psi pi pi and the isoscalar S-wave processes pi pi -&gt; pi\\npi, K antiK, eta eta. In this analysis we extend our recent study of low-lying\\n(m=2,3) radial excitations of bottomonia to modes involving higher (m=4,5)\\nexcited states. Similarly as for the data on lower radial excitations, we\\nconfirm that the data for higher radially excited states from the BaBar and\\nBelle collaborations can be described under conditions that the final\\nbottomonium is a spectator and the multichannel pi pi scattering is considered\\nin a model-independent approach based on analyticity, unitarity and the\\nuniformization procedure. Indeed we show that the dipion mass distributions in\\nthe two-pion transitions of both charmonia and bottomonia states are explained\\nby a unified mechanism based on the contribution of the pi pi and K antiK\\ncoupled channels including their interference (final-state interactions).\\nTherefore, our main result is that the lower and higher radially excited states\\nof charmonia and bottomonia have no specific features in mutual comparison and\\ncan be understood in a unified picture, e.g. proposed by our approach.\\n